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thereof_o namely_o that_o one_o brother_n have_v well_o help_v another_o be_v word_n for_o word_n steal_v from_o thence_o for_o william_n which_o live_v before_o ealred_n report_v that_o king_n ethelstane_n by_o persuasion_n of_o one_o that_o be_v his_o cupbearer_n have_v banish_v eadwine_n his_o own_o brother_n for_o suspicion_n of_o treason_n and_o have_v commit_v he_o to_o the_o sea_n and_o wind_n in_o a_o old_a shake_v and_o frail_a vessel_n without_o sail_n oar_n or_o companion_n save_o one_o esquire_n only_o in_o which_o exile_n he_o perish_v and_o that_o afterward_o the_o king_n understand_v his_o brother_n innocence_n and_o sorow_v his_o own_o rashness_n take_v occasion_n by_o sight_n of_o his_o cupbearer_n foot_n drip_v to_o be_v avenge_v of_o the_o false_a accusation_n even_o as_o it_o be_v here_o tell_v of_o king_n edward_n but_o ealred_n forsooth_o be_v so_o full_o dispose_v to_o magnify_v king_n edward_n because_o he_o so_o much_o magnify_v the_o monkish_a and_o single_a life_n that_o he_o stick_v not_o at_o great_a matter_n than_o this_o affirm_v bold_o that_o the_o same_o king_n while_o he_o hear_v mass_n at_o westminster_n confessor_n see_v between_o the_o priest_n hand_n christ_n bless_v he_o with_o his_o finger_n that_o at_o another_o mass_n he_o see_v the_o seven_o sleaper_n at_o ephesus_n turn_v themselves_o on_o the_o one_o side_n after_o they_o have_v sleep_v seventy_o year_n together_o on_o the_o other_o which_o year_n see_v it_o be_v within_o five_o year_n of_o so_o many_o as_o epimenides_n sleep_v ealred_n in_o my_o fancy_n be_v worthy_a to_o have_v the_o second_o game_n at_o the_o whetstone_n furthermore_o that_o s._n john_n baptist_n send_v to_o king_n edward_n a_o king_n of_o gold_n from_o jerusalem_n which_o he_o himself_o have_v sometime_o before_o give_v to_o a_o poor_a man_n that_o ask_v alm_n of_o he_o in_o the_o name_n of_o s._n john_n and_o such_o other_o matter_n of_o like_a credit_n whetstone_n which_o both_o for_o the_o vanity_n of_o the_o thing_n themselves_o be_v meet_a to_o have_v place_n in_o philopseude_n of_o lucian_n and_o for_o the_o desire_n that_o i_o have_v to_o keep_v order_n i_o will_v pretermit_v and_o return_v to_o my_o purpose_n richeborowe_n in_o latin_a vrbs_fw-la rutupina_n in_o saxon_n reptachester_n the_o name_n be_v forge_v as_o i_o conjecture_v either_o of_o the_o bryttishe_a word_n rwyd_n which_o signify_v a_o net_n in_o token_n that_o it_o stand_v by_o fish_v or_o of_o rwydd_n which_o signify_v speed_n because_o from_o thence_o as_o some_o think_v be_v the_o most_o short_a and_o speedy_a cut_v over_o the_o sea_n mathew_n the_o monk_n of_o westminster_n &_o author_n of_o the_o work_n call_v flores_n hystoriarum_fw-la take_v the_o place_n which_o beda_n ptolemy_n and_o other_o call_v rutupi_n to_o be_v sandwiche_n and_o therefore_o he_o appli_v to_o the_o one_o whatsoever_o he_o find_v of_o the_o other_o but_o because_o john_n leland_n a_o man_n general_o acquaint_v with_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o realm_n affirm_v in_o his_o work_n which_o he_o entitle_v syllabus_n in_o genethliacon_n eaduerdi_n rutupi_n to_o have_v be_v where_o richeborowe_n now_o be_v to_o which_o opinion_n i_o rather_o incline_v i_o think_v good_a to_o give_v they_o several_a title_n and_o to_o speak_v of_o richeborowe_n by_o itself_o leave_v to_o fit_a place_n for_o sandwiche_n also_o such_o matter_n as_o of_o right_n belong_v thereunto_o the_o whole_a shore_n of_o kent_n therefore_o that_o lie_v over_o against_o dunkircke_n calais_n and_o boulogne_n be_v of_o caesar_n juvenal_n lucan_n ptolemy_n antoninus_n and_o other_o call_v rutupiae_n or_o rutupinum_n littus_fw-la and_o that_o place_n of_o england_n which_o beda_n take_v to_o be_v near_a to_o the_o morine_n a_o people_n of_o gallia_n belgica_n which_o at_o this_o day_n comprehend_v picardy_n boulogne_n artoys_n and_o some_o part_n of_o the_o low_a country_n be_v of_o john_n leland_n interpret_v to_o be_v richeborowe_n not_o paste_v half_o a_o mile_n distant_a from_o sandwiche_n towards_o the_o east_n the_o same_o man_n also_o persuade_v partly_o by_o the_o view_n of_o the_o place_n itself_o and_o partly_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o one_o gotcelinus_fw-la suppose_v that_o richeborow_n be_v of_o ancient_a time_n city_n a_o city_n of_o some_o price_n and_o that_o it_o have_v within_o it_o a_o palace_n where_o king_n ethelbert_n receive_v augustine_n as_o for_o the_o title_n of_o a_o city_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o that_o if_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o ancient_a wall_n yet_o extant_a or_o the_o remenant_n of_o the_o roman_a coin_n often_o find_v there_o do_v not_o at_o all_o enforce_v the_o likelihood_n yet_o the_o authority_n of_o beda_n alone_o which_o call_v it_o plain_o a_o city_n will_v suffice_v but_o whether_o it_o be_v the_o palace_n of_o king_n ethelbert_n when_o he_o entertain_v augustine_n he_o that_o shall_v advise_o read_v the_o first_o chapter_n of_o beda_n his_o first_o book_n of_o the_o ecclesiastical_a story_n shall_v have_v just_a cause_n to_o doubt_v for_o asmuch_o as_o he_o show_v manifest_o that_o the_o king_n come_v from_o his_o palace_n in_o the_o continent_n out_o of_o thanet_n to_o augustine_n &_o leland_n himself_o confess_v that_o richeborow_n be_v then_o within_o thanet_n although_o that_o since_o that_o time_n the_o water_n have_v change_v his_o course_n and_o shut_v it_o clean_o out_o of_o the_o island_n now_o where_o some_o man_n as_o i_o say_v have_v take_v it_o to_o be_v sandwiche_n i_o take_v they_o to_o be_v great_o deceive_v rutupi_n for_o richeborowe_n be_v corrupt_o so_o sound_v for_o reptsborowe_n have_v remain_v in_o it_o the_o very_a root_n as_o i_o may_v speak_v it_o of_o reptachester_n and_o reptachester_n say_v beda_n and_o rutupi_n portus_n be_v all_o one_o so_o then_o chester_n being_n turn_v to_o borrow_v which_o be_v in_o deed_n two_o word_n but_o yet_o in_o manner_n of_o one_o signification_n and_o effect_n rept_v and_o rich_a have_v ome_z affinity_n the_o one_o with_o the_o other_o but_o neither_o rich_a repta_n nor_o rutupi_n can_v have_v with_o sandwiche_n any_o manner_n of_o similitude_n thus_o much_o of_o the_o name_n and_o antiquity_n of_o this_o poor_a town_n which_o be_v in_o time_n of_o the_o old_a bryton_n of_o great_a price_n and_o the_o common_a port_n or_o place_n of_o arrival_n out_o of_o france_n whereof_o we_o find_v no_o other_o note_n in_o latter_a history_n either_o because_o the_o same_o be_v long_o since_o before_o the_o come_n of_o the_o saxon_n neglect_v when_o as_o the_o roman_n have_v lose_v their_o interest_n within_o this_o realm_n or_o else_o for_o that_o soon_o after_o their_o arrival_n it_o decay_v by_o reason_n that_o the_o water_n change_v his_o course_n and_o leave_v it_o dry_a so_o that_o now_o most_o apt_o that_o may_v be_v say_v of_o this_o town_n near_o to_o the_o isle_n thanet_n which_o virgil_n some_o time_n write_v of_o tened_a itself_o dives_fw-la opum_fw-la priami_fw-la dum_fw-la regna_fw-la manebant_fw-la nunc_fw-la tantum_fw-la sinus_fw-la &_o statio_fw-la malè_fw-la fida_fw-la carinis_fw-la a_o wealthy_a land_n while_o priam_n state_n and_o kingdom_n upright_o stoade_o but_o now_o a_o bay_n and_o harbour_v bad_a for_o ship_n to_o lie_v at_o road_n but_o now_o i_o will_v make_v toward_o sandwiche_n the_o first_o of_o the_o port_n as_o my_o journey_n lie_v and_o by_o the_o way_n speak_v somewhat_o of_o the_o five_o port_n in_o general_a the_o cinque_fw-fr portes_n i_o find_v in_o the_o book_n of_o the_o general_a survey_n of_o the_o realm_n port_n which_o william_n the_o conqueror_n cause_v to_o be_v make_v in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n &_o to_o be_v call_v doomsday_n because_o as_o matthew_n parise_n say_v it_o spare_v no_o man_n but_o judge_v all_o man_n indifferent_o as_o the_o lord_n in_o that_o great_a day_n will_v do_v that_o dover_n sandwiche_n and_o rumney_n be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n discharge_v almost_o of_o all_o manner_n of_o imposition_n and_o burden_n which_o other_o town_n do_v bear_v in_o consideration_n of_o such_o service_n to_o be_v do_v by_o they_o upon_o the_o sea_n as_o in_o their_o special_a title_n shall_v hereafter_o appear_v whereupon_o although_o i_o may_v ground_v by_o reasonable_a conjecture_n that_o the_o immunity_n of_o the_o haven_n townes_n which_o we_o now_o call_v by_o a_o certain_a number_n the_o cinque_fw-fr portes_n may_v take_v their_o beginning_n from_o the_o same_o edward_n yet_o for_o as_o much_o as_o i_o read_v in_o the_o chartre_z of_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o after_o the_o conquest_n which_o be_v report_v in_o our_o book_n of_o entry_n a_o recital_n of_o the_o grant_v of_o sundry_a king_n to_o the_o five_o port_n the_o same_o reach_v no_o high_o then_o to_o william_n the_o conqueror_n i_o will_v leave_v my_o conjecture_n and_o lean_a to_o his_o
martin_n night_n the_o english_a man_n shall_v all_o at_o once_o set_v upon_o the_o dane_n feast_n before_o they_o have_v digest_v the_o surfaite_n of_o that_o drunken_a solemnity_n and_o so_o utter_o kill_v and_o destroy_v they_o this_o his_o commandment_n be_v receive_v with_o such_o like_n entertain_v with_o such_o secreacie_n and_o execute_v with_o such_o speed_n and_o celerity_n that_o the_o dane_n be_v sudden_o &_o in_o a_o manner_n whole_o both_o man_n woman_n and_o child_n like_o the_o son_n in_o law_n of_o danaus_n oppress_v at_o once_o in_o a_o night_n only_o a_o few_o escape_v by_o sea_n into_o denmark_n and_o there_o make_v complaint_n of_o king_n etheldreds_n bouchery_fw-fr for_o revenge_v whereof_o sweyn_n their_o king_n both_o arm_v his_o own_o people_n &_o wage_v foreign_a aid_n and_o so_o prepare_v a_o huge_a army_n take_v ship_v and_o arrive_v dane_n first_o here_o at_o sandwiche_n and_o after_o in_o the_o north_n country_n the_o terror_n of_o who_o come_v be_v such_o that_o it_o cause_v the_o country_n people_n on_o all_o side_n to_o submit_v themselves_o unto_o he_o in_o so_o much_o that_o king_n etheldred_n see_v the_o cause_n desperate_a and_o himself_o destitute_a flee_v over_o into_o normandy_n with_o his_o wife_n and_o child_n friend_n &_o family_n after_o which_o his_o departure_n although_o both_o he_o himself_o return_v and_o put_v canutus_n the_o next_o king_n of_o the_o dane_n to_o flight_n and_o edmund_n his_o son_n also_o fight_v sundry_a great_a battle_n with_o he_o yet_o the_o dane_n prevail_v so_o mighty_o upon_o they_o that_o three_o of_o they_o in_o succession_n that_o be_v to_o say_v canutus_n haroldus_n and_o hardicanutus_n reign_v king_n here_o in_o england_n almost_o by_o the_o space_n of_o thirty_o year_n together_o so_o much_o to_o the_o infamous_a oppression_n slavery_n and_o thraldom_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n that_o every_o dane_n be_v for_o fear_n call_v lord_n dane_n and_o have_v at_o his_o commandment_n wheresoever_o he_o become_v both_o man_n and_o wife_n and_o whatsoever_o else_o he_o find_v in_o the_o house_n at_o the_o length_n god_n take_v pity_n upon_o the_o people_n take_v sudden_o away_o king_n hardicanute_n after_o who_o death_n the_o nobility_n &_o commons_n of_o the_o realm_n join_v so_o firm_o and_o faithful_o both_o heart_n and_o hand_n with_o their_o natural_a and_o liege_n lord_n king_n edward_n that_o the_o dane_n be_v once_o again_o and_o for_o ever_o expulse_v this_o country_n in_o so_o much_o that_o soon_o after_o the_o name_n lord_n dane_n be_v before_o time_n a_o word_n of_o great_a awe_n and_o honour_n grow_v to_o a_o term_n and_o bywoord_n of_o foul_a despite_n and_o reproach_n be_v turn_v as_o it_o yet_o continue_v to_o lourdaine_v beside_o that_o ever_o after_o the_o common_a people_n in_o joy_n of_o that_o deliverance_n have_v celebrate_v the_o annual_a day_n of_o hardicanutus_n death_n with_o open_a pastime_n in_o the_o street_n call_v it_o even_o till_o this_o our_o time_n hoctuesday_n hoctuesday_n in_o stead_n as_o i_o think_v of_o hucxtuesdaeg_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o scorn_v or_o mock_v tuesday_n and_o now_o thus_o much_o summary_o be_v say_v as_o concern_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o dane_n be_v here_o who_o rule_v in_o this_o land_n almost_o thirty_o year_n and_o rage_v without_o all_o rule_n above_o three_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o i_o will_v return_v to_o sandwiche_n disclose_v therein_o such_o occurrent_n of_o the_o danishe_a do_n as_o pertain_v to_o my_o purpose_n in_o the_o year_n eight_o hundred_o fifty_o and_o one_o after_o christ_n athelstane_n the_o son_n of_o ethelwulfe_n &_o king_n of_o kent_n who_o mathewe_n of_o westminster_n take_v or_o rather_o mistake_v for_o a_o bishop_n fight_v at_o the_o sea_n before_o sandwiche_n against_o a_o great_a navy_n of_o the_o dane_n of_o which_o he_o take_v nine_o vessel_n &_o discomfit_v the_o residue_n against_o another_o fleet_n of_o the_o dane_n which_o land_v at_o sandwiche_n in_o the_o year_n one_o thousand_o and_o six_o king_n etheldred_n make_v this_o provision_n armour_n that_o every_o three_o hundred_o and_o ten_o hide_n of_o land_n which_o henry_n huntingdon_n mathewe_n parise_n and_o other_o expound_v to_o be_v so_o many_o plowland_n shall_v be_v charge_v with_o the_o furniture_n of_o one_o ship_n and_o every_o eight_o hide_n shall_v find_v one_o jack_n and_o salad_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o realm_n by_o which_o mean_a he_o make_v ready_a a_o mighty_a navy_n to_o the_o sea_n but_o what_o through_o the_o injury_n of_o sudden_a tempest_n and_o what_o by_o the_o defection_n of_o some_o of_o his_o nobility_n he_o profit_v nothing_o king_n canutus_n also_o after_o that_o he_o have_v receive_v the_o the_o worse_a in_o a_o fight_n in_o lincolneshyre_n which_o draw_v to_o his_o ship_n that_o lie_v in_o the_o haven_n at_o sandwiche_n &_o there_o most_o barbarous_o behave_v himself_o cut_v of_o the_o hand_n and_o foot_n of_o such_o as_o he_o have_v take_v for_o hostage_n and_o so_o depart_v all_o wroth_a and_o melancholic_a into_o denmark_n to_o repair_v his_o army_n the_o same_o man_n at_o his_o return_n hither_o take_v land_n with_o his_o power_n at_o this_o town_n and_o so_o do_v hardicanutus_n his_o son_n after_o he_o furthermore_o in_o the_o day_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n two_o prince_n or_o rather_o principal_a pirate_n of_o the_o dane_n call_v lochen_n and_o irlinge_n land_v at_o sandwiche_n and_o jade_v their_o ship_n with_o rich_fw-fr spoil_n wherewith_o they_o cross_v over_o the_o sea_n to_o flaunders_n and_o there_o make_v money_n of_o it_o at_o this_o place_n land_v lewes_n the_o french_a dolphin_n that_o aid_v the_o english_a nobility_n against_o king_n john_n as_o we_o shall_v hereafter_o have_v cause_n to_o show_v more_o at_o large_a final_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n richard_n the_o second_o certain_a french_a ship_n be_v take_v at_o the_o sea_n whereof_o some_o be_v fraught_v with_o the_o frame_n of_o a_o timber_n castle_n such_o another_o i_o suppose_v as_o william_n the_o conqueror_n erect_v at_o hastings_n so_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v arrive_v which_o they_o also_o mean_v to_o have_v plant_v in_o some_o place_n of_o this_o realm_n for_o our_o annoyance_n but_o they_o fail_v of_o their_o purpose_n for_o the_o engine_n be_v take_v from_o they_o it_o be_v set_v up_o at_o this_o town_n &_o use_v to_o our_o great_a safety_n and_o their_o repulse_n eastrye_n have_v somewhat_o to_o say_v of_o eastrye_n i_o trust_v it_o shall_v be_v not_o great_a offence_n to_o turn_v our_o eye_n a_o little_a from_o the_o shore_n and_o talk_n of_o it_o in_o our_o way_n to_o deal_v it_o be_v the_o name_n of_o a_o town_n and_o hundred_o within_o the_o last_o of_o saint_n augustine_n and_o have_v the_o addition_n of_o east_n for_o difference_n sake_n from_o westrye_n common_o call_v rye_n never_o to_o winchelsey_n in_o sussex_n mathewe_n of_o westminster_n make_v report_n of_o a_o murder_n do_v at_o it_o which_o because_o it_o tend_v much_o to_o the_o declaration_n of_o the_o ancient_a estate_n of_o the_o town_n i_o will_v not_o stick_v to_o rehearse_v so_o short_o as_o i_o can_v after_o the_o death_n of_o ercombert_n the_o seven_o king_n of_o kent_n egbert_n his_o son_n succeed_v in_o the_o kingdom_n sycophant_n who_o cause_v to_o be_v virtuous_o bring_v up_o in_o his_o palace_n which_o be_v then_o at_o this_o town_n two_o young_a noble_a man_n of_o his_o own_o kindred_n as_o some_o say_v or_o rather_o his_o own_o brethren_n as_o william_n of_o malmesbury_n write_v the_o one_o be_v call_v ethelbert_n and_o the_o other_o etheldred_n these_o gentleman_n so_o prosper_v in_o good_a learning_n courtlike_a manner_n &_o feat_n of_o activity_n meet_v for_o man_n of_o their_o year_n and_o parentage_n that_o on_o the_o one_o side_n they_o give_v to_o all_o well_o dispose_v person_n and_o lover_n of_o virtue_n great_a expectation_n that_o they_o will_v become_v at_o the_o length_n 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for_o hy_o ðrittig_fw-mi to_o the_o thither_o same_o place_n for_o they_o thirty_o mancy_n gold_n mark_n of_o gold_n and_o and_o aenne_n one_o sÆ¿eor_n collar_n neckbracelet_n beah_n on_o of_o feoÆ¿ertig_fw-ge forty_o mancysan_fw-fr mark_n and_o and_o a_o one_fw-mi cuppan_n cup_n seolfrene_a of_o silver_n and_o and_o healfne_v a_o half_a head_n band_n cover_v with_o gold_n baend_v gyldenne_n bend_v gild_a and_o and_o caelce_o every_o gear_n year_n to_o at_o heora_n their_o gemind_n mind_n year_n mind_n tÆ¿egra_fw-la two_o daga_fw-la feorme_n day_n ferme_fw-fr from_o rend_a corn_n and_o victual_n of_o of_o haeslholte_n haselholte_n and_o and_o tÆ¿egra_fw-la of_o Æ¿oðringaberan_v and_o ij_o of_o baerlingan_v two_o day_n of_o from_o watringbery_n and_o two_o day_n out_o of_o berling_n and_o ij_o of_o haeringeardesham_n and_o two_o day_n out_o of_o hertesham_n and_o to_o cristes_fw-fr circan_fw-fr and_o to_o christ_n church_n lx_o 60._o mancy_n gold_n mark_n of_o gold_n thirty_o þam_fw-la biscope_n thirty_o to_o the_o bishop_n archebishop_n and_o and_o thirty_o þam_fw-la hirode_n thirty_o to_o the_o covent_n and_o and_o aenne_v a_o sÆ¿eor_n neck_n beah_n bracelet_n collar_n on_o of_o lxxx_o 80._o mancy_n mark_n and_o and_o tÆ¿a_o two_o cuppan_n cup_n seolfrene_a of_o silver_n and_o and_o þaet_fw-la the_o land_n aet_fw-la land_n at_o meapaham_n mepham_n and_o and_o to_o to_o sct._n saint_n augustine_n augustine_n thirty_o 30._o mancy_n mark_n gold_n of_o gold_n and_o and_o ij_o two_o cuppan_n cup_n seolfrene_a of_o silver_n and_o and_o healfne_v half_a a_o baend_v bend_v gyldene_a gilt_n and_o and_o þaet_fw-la the_o land_n land_n aet_fw-la at_o derentan_n darnt_v byrhÆ¿ara_n to_o byrware_v his_o for_o daeg_fw-la his_o life_n day_n and_o and_o after_o after_o hire_n his_o daege_n day_n into_o to_o sct._n saint_n andree_n androes_n for_o for_o unc_fw-la we_o and_o and_o uncre_n our_o yldran_n elder_n ancestor_n and_o and_o barlâ—ngas_fw-la berling_n too_o Æ¿ulfehe_fw-ge 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hyda_n on_o straettune_n and_o those_o ten_o plowland_n at_o streiton_n into_o to_o þaem_v the_o minster_n minster_n church_n to_o at_o Æ¿olcnestede_n walkenstede_n and_o ê§_n land_n aet_fw-la fealcanham_n and_o the_o land_n at_o falcham_n after_o after_o byrhÆ¿ara_fw-mi byrwares_n daege_n day_n into_o to_o sct._n saint_n angry_a androes_n for_o for_o aelfric_n elfrice_n hire_v soul_n hlaford_n their_o lord_n and_o his_o yldran_n and_o his_o ancestor_n sÆ¿a_o even_o heora_n as_o their_o cÆ¿ide_n will_v Æ¿ae_n be_v and_o and_o bromleah_n brumley_n aeftre_n after_o brihtÆ¿ara_fw-mi britwares_n daege_n into_o day_n to_o life_n sct._n saint_n andree_n androes_n sÆ¿a_o as_o aelfric_n elfric_n hire_v their_o hlaford_n lord_n it_o hit_v becÆ¿aeð_n bequeath_v for_o for_o hine_n he_o and_o and_o his_o yldran_n his_o elder_n ancestor_n and_o and_o snodingeland_n snodland_n eac_n also_o into_o to_o s._n andree_n aeftre_n hire_v daege_n sÆ¿a_o aelfere_o hit_v becÆ¿aeð_n saint_n androes_n after_o 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Æ¿ulfsige_v to_o wulfsie_a to_o to_o daelanne_v deal_v between_o god_n and_o they_o be_v it_o and_o and_o haebban_n have_v heom_o they_o Æ¿ið_n with_o god_n god_n gemaene_n together_o give_v if_o hy_o they_o hit_v it_o ne_o do_v do_v not_o and_o and_o Æ¿ulfsige_fw-la tydices_fw-la egg_n to_o wulfsie_n titaesey_n and_o and_o ðam_fw-la boc_fw-la the_o write_a innon_n within_o ê§_n that_o gecind_n kindred_n &_o ij_o spuran_fw-mi on_o iij_o pundan_n and_o ic_fw-mi bid_v and_o two_o spur_n of_o three_o pound_n and_o i_o pray_v for_o for_o god_n god_n lufan_n love_n minne_v my_o dear_a leofan_n leefe_fw-mi hlaford_n ê§_n he_o ne_o lord_n that_o he_o do_v not_o þafige_fw-la suffer_v ê§_n aenig_a man_n uncerne_v cÆ¿ide_n aÆ¿ende_v that_o any_o man_n our_o testament_n do_v break_v turn_v aside_o and_o and_o ic_fw-mi i_o bid_v pray_v ealle_fw-mi all_o god_n god_n freond_a friend_n ê§_n he_o Æ¿hrto_o filstan_n that_o they_o thereto_o help_v haebbe_n Æ¿ið_n god_n gaemaene_n Æ¿e_v hit_v brece_n &_o 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place_v of_o his_o monk_n and_o that_o aelfric_n the_o son_n resist_v king_n ethelred_n in_o that_o siege_n of_o rochester_n whereof_o you_o hear_v when_o we_o be_v there_o for_o as_o much_o therefore_o as_o aelfric_n be_v hlaford_n or_o lord_n to_o our_o testator_n and_o that_o hlaford_n and_o ðegn_n that_o be_v to_o say_v lord_n and_o seruiteur_fw-fr be_v word_n of_o relation_n i_o gather_v that_o he_o be_v ðegn_n which_o signify_v proper_o a_o minister_n or_o free_a seruiteur_fw-fr to_o the_o king_n or_o some_o great_a personage_n but_o usual_o at_o those_o time_n take_v for_o the_o very_a same_o that_o we_o call_v now_o of_o the_o latin_a word_n gentilis_fw-la a_o gentleman_n that_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o man_n well_o bear_v or_o of_o a_o good_a stock_n and_o family_n neither_o do_v it_o detract_v any_o thing_n from_o his_o gentry_n at_o all_o that_o i_o say_v he_o be_v a_o minister_n or_o seruiteur_fw-fr for_o i_o mean_v not_o thereby_o that_o he_o be_v servus_n which_o word_n straight_o
the_o thing_n that_o i_o have_v to_o remember_v in_o eltham_n and_o to_o make_v a_o end_n of_o all_o these_o be_v the_o place_n whereof_o i_o mean_v to_o make_v note_n in_o this_o my_o xenagogie_n and_o perambulation_n of_o kent_n the_o first_o and_o only_a shire_n that_o i_o have_v describe_v wherein_o although_o i_o have_v not_o speak_v of_o sundry_a town_n not_o inferior_a at_o this_o present_a in_o estimation_n to_o a_o great_a many_o that_o i_o have_v handle_v and_o happy_o equal_a with_o they_o in_o antiquity_n also_o yet_o i_o think_v i_o have_v neither_o pretermit_v many_o that_o be_v much_o worthy_a of_o observation_n nor_o scarce_o omit_v any_o that_o be_v mention_v in_o such_o book_n of_o history_n as_o be_v easy_o to_o be_v have_v and_o obtain_v but_o as_o for_o the_o feodary_n and_o tenor_n of_o land_n genealogy_n &_o arm_n of_o man_n ebb_n flood_n &_o tide_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o rivers_n flatte_n bar_n haven_n &_o such_o other_o thing_n although_o somewhat_o may_v 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to_o take_v this_o my_o base_a metal_n draw_v out_o of_o a_o few_o sowze_n into_o many_o sheet_n as_o you_o see_v &_o shall_v hammer_v it_o to_o some_o further_a and_o fine_a fashion_n i_o will_v not_o only_o not_o envy_v it_o but_o most_o hearty_o thank_v he_o and_o gratulate_v to_o our_o country_n that_o so_o good_a a_o turn_n &_o benefit_n and_o as_o touch_v the_o description_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o realm_n know_v by_o the_o deal_n in_o this_o one_o that_o it_o will_v be_v hear_v for_o any_o one_o man_n and_o much_o more_o for_o myself_o to_o accomplish_v all_o i_o can_v but_o wish_v in_o like_a sort_n that_o some_o one_o in_o each_o shire_n will_v make_v the_o enterprise_n for_o his_o own_o country_n to_o the_o end_n that_o by_o join_v our_o pen_n and_o confer_v our_o labour_n as_o it_o be_v exit_fw-la symbolo_fw-la we_o may_v at_o the_o last_o by_o the_o union_n of_o many_o part_n and_o paper_n compact_v a_o whole_a and_o perfect_a body_n and_o book_n of_o our_o english_a antiquity_n the_o custom_n of_o kent_n although_o good_a order_n will_v have_v bear_v the_o rehearsal_n of_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o this_o shire_n in_o that_o general_a discourse_n which_o we_o have_v in_o the_o begin_n as_o touch_v the_o estate_n of_o this_o whole_a county_n the_o rather_o for_o that_o it_o be_v there_o show_v by_o what_o mean_n and_o policy_n they_o be_v conserve_v yet_o lest_o the_o recital_n of_o the_o same_o be_v of_o themselves_o large_a and_o manifold_a may_v have_v be_v think_v too_o great_a a_o parenthesis_n or_o rather_o a_o interruption_n of_o the_o history_n wherein_o we_o be_v as_o then_o but_o new_o enter_v i_o think_v it_o better_a to_o reserve_v they_o for_o this_o place_n to_o the_o end_n that_o both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o may_v appear_v without_o breach_n or_o confusion_n these_o custom_n therefore_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n discrepant_a from_o the_o common_a law_n of_o our_o realm_n and_o annex_v to_o such_o land_n within_o this_o shire_n as_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o gavelkind_n be_v common_o call_v gavelkind_n custom_n for_o that_o they_o prevail_v and_o have_v place_n in_o land_n of_o gavelkind_n nature_n in_o which_o respect_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o show_v for_o what_o reason_n those_o land_n be_v at_o the_o first_o so_o term_v and_o why_o they_o do_v yet_o hitherto_o continue_v the_o name_n two_o conjecture_n i_o have_v of_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o name_n the_o one_o ground_v upon_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o descent_n and_o inheritance_n of_o these_o land_n themselves_o the_o other_o found_v upon_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o duty_n and_o service_n that_o they_o yield_v both_o which_o i_o will_v not_o stick_v to_o recite_v and_o yet_o leave_v to_o each_o man_n free_a choice_n to_o receive_v either_o or_o to_o refuse_v both_o as_o it_o shall_v best_o like_o he_o arise_v i_o gather_v by_o cornelius_n tacitus_n and_o other_o that_o the_o ancient_a german_n who_o offspring_n we_o be_v suffer_v their_o land_n to_o descend_v not_o to_o the_o elder_a son_n alone_o but_o to_o the_o whole_a number_n of_o their_o male_a child_n &_o i_o find_v in_o the_o 75._o chap._n of_o canutus_n law_n a_o king_n of_o this_o realm_n before_o the_o conquest_n that_o after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o father_n his_o heir_n shall_v divide_v both_o his_o good_n and_o his_o land_n amongst_o they_o now_o for_o as_o much_o as_o all_o the_o next_o of_o the_o kindred_n do_v this_o inherit_v together_o i_o conjecture_v that_o therefore_o the_o land_n be_v call_v either_o gavelkyn_n in_o meaning_n giveall_n kin_n because_o it_o be_v give_v to_o all_o the_o next_o in_o one_o line_n of_o kindred_n or_o give_v all_o kind_n that_o be_v to_o all_o the_o male_a child_n for_o kind_n in_o dutch_a signify_v yet_o a_o male_a child_n beside_o this_o the_o welshman_n also_o who_o but_o now_o late_o lose_v this_o custom_n do_v in_o their_o language_n call_v this_o descent_n gwele_v and_o in_o their_o latin_a record_n lectus_fw-la progeny_n &_o gavella_fw-la of_o their_o own_o word_n gefeil_v which_o signify_v twin_n or_o such_o as_o be_v bear_v together_o because_o they_o do_v all_o inherit_v together_o and_o make_v as_o it_o be_v but_o one_o heir_n and_o not_o many_o and_o here_o by_o the_o way_n i_o can_v omit_v to_o show_v that_o they_o of_o this_o our_o kentish_a country_n term_n do_v yet_o call_v their_o partition_n of_o land_n shift_v even_o by_o the_o very_a same_o word_n that_o the_o law_n of_o canutus_n many_o year_n since_o term_v it_o namely_o scyftan_n in_o latin_a herciscere_fw-la that_o be_v to_o shift_v depart_v or_o divide_v land_n my_o other_o conjecture_n be_v raise_v upon_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o rent_n and_o service_n go_v out_o of_o these_o land_n for_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o as_o knight_n service_n land_n require_v the_o presence_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o warfare_n and_o battle_n abroad_o so_o this_o land_n be_v of_o socage_n tenure_n command_v his_o attendance_n at_o the_o plough_n and_o other_o the_o lord_n affair_n of_o husbandry_n at_o home_n the_o one_o by_o manhood_n defend_v his_o lord_n life_n and_o person_n the_o other_o by_o industry_n maintain_v with_o rent_n corn_n and_o victual_v his_o estate_n and_o family_n this_o rent_n and_o customary_a payment_n of_o work_n the_o saxon_n call_v gafol_n and_o thereof_o as_o i_o think_v they_o name_v the_o land_n that_o yield_v it_o gafolette_n or_o gafolcynd_n that_o be_v to_o say_v land_n let_v for_o rent_n or_o of_o the_o kind_n to_o yield_v rent_n in_o this_o sense_n i_o be_o sure_a that_o the_o rent_n custom_n and_o service_n which_o the_o tenante_n of_o london_n pay_v to_o their_o land_n lord_n be_v wont_a and_o yet_o be_v to_o be_v recover_v by_o a_o writ_n thereof_o call_v gavellet_n as_o by_o a_o ancient_a statute_n make_v in_o the_o ten_o year_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o second_o entitle_v statutum_n de_fw-it gaveleto_fw-it in_o london_n and_o by_o daily_a experience_n there_o it_o may_v well_o appear_v thus_o much_o then_o as_o concern_v the_o etymon_n of_o this_o word_n gavelkind_n be_v say_v let_v we_o proceed_v further_o custom_n it_o have_v already_o appear_v how_o the_o kentishman_n immediate_o after_o the_o conquest_n obtain_v the_o continuation_n of_o their_o custom_n and_o it_o be_v very_o manifest_a by_o ancient_a writer_n that_o the_o same_o for_o the_o more_o part_n have_v be_v in_o ure_n and_o exercise_n ever_o since_o for_o omit_v that_o which_o thomas_n spot_n have_v write_v concern_v the_o same_o matter_n for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o be_v already_o recite_v at_o large_a glanuile_n a_o learned_a man_n that_o flourish_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o second_o in_o his_o
retent_a do_v retain_v no_o service_n dever_v say_v sawet_n nequedent_n as_o autres_fw-fr seigneurage_n fee_v ferme_n to_o himself_o but_o save_v nevertheless_o to_o the_o other_o lord_n their_o fee_n e_fw-la les_fw-fr rent_n dont_fw-fr les_fw-fr avaunt_o diz_fw-fr tenemenz_fw-fr de_fw-fr gavylekende_v ferme_n and_o the_o rent_n wherewith_o the_o aforesaid_a tenement_n of_o ensi_fw-la rendus_fw-la avaunt_o furent_fw-fr charge_n per_fw-la ceux_fw-fr ou_fw-fr gavelkind_n so_o render_v be_v before_o charge_v by_o he_o or_o they_o per_fw-la celuy_fw-fr gâ—uelate_fw-la que_fw-fr le_fw-fr charger_n poent_n ou_fw-fr poeyt_n which_o may_v charge_v they_o eclament_n auxi_fw-la que_fw-la si_fw-la and_o they_o claim_v also_o that_o if_o any_o nul_fw-fr tenant_n en_fw-fr gavylekende_v retain_v sa_fw-fr rent_n e_o son_n service_n del_fw-it tenant_n in_o gavelkind_n retain_v withhold_v his_o rent_n and_o his_o service_n of_o the_o tenement_n tenement_n quill_n tient_fw-fr de_fw-fr son_fw-fr seign_n querge_fw-la le_fw-fr seign_a per_fw-la which_o he_o hold_v of_o his_o lord_n let_v the_o lord_n seek_v by_o the_o agard_n de_fw-fr sa_fw-fr court_n de_fw-fr trey_n semeynes_o en_fw-fr trey_n semeyne_v trwe_v award_n of_o his_o court_n from_o .3_o week_n to_o .3_o week_n to_o find_v some_o distress_n distress_n sur_fw-fr cel_z tenement_n tant_fw-fr que_fw-fr a_fw-fr la_fw-fr quart_n court_n a_o totefet_fw-fr upon_o that_o tenement_n until_o the_o four_o court_n always_o with_o per_fw-la tesmoynage_n et_fw-la si_fw-la dedens_fw-la cel_z temps_fw-fr ne_fw-fr truss_n distress_n on_o ce_fw-fr witness_n and_o if_o within_o that_o time_n he_o can_v find_v no_o distress_n in_o they_o tenement_n per_fw-la queux_fw-fr il_fw-fr pvisse_fw-fr son_fw-fr tenant_n iustiser_n tenement_n whereby_o he_o may_v have_v justice_n of_o his_o tenant_n donc_fw-fr a_fw-fr la_fw-fr then_o at_o the_o quart_n court_v seit_v four_o court_n let_v it_o be_v agard_n award_v quill_n pregne_n cel_z tenement_n en_fw-fr that_o he_o shall_v take_v that_o tenement_n into_o sa_fw-fr mein_fw-ge en_fw-fr noum_fw-la de_fw-fr destress_n his_o hand_n in_o the_o name_n of_o a_o distress_n ausi_fw-la come_v boef_n ou_fw-fr vache_n as_o if_o it_o be_v a_o ox_n or_o a_o cow_n e_fw-it le_fw-fr tiene_fw-it un_fw-it a_fw-mi and_o let_v he_o keep_v it_o a_o year_n e_fw-it un_fw-fr iour_fw-fr en_fw-fr sa_fw-fr mein_fw-ge sance_fw-fr meyn_fw-mi and_o a_o day_n in_o his_o hand_n without_o manure_v overir_fw-fr den_n quell_v term_v it_o within_o which_o term_n si_fw-fr le_fw-fr tenant_n vent_v e_o rend_v say_v if_o the_o tenant_n come_v and_o pay_v his_o arrearage_n arrearage_n e_o feit_z renable_v amends_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr detenue_fw-fr and_o make_v reasonable_a amends_n for_o the_o withhold_n a_o donc_fw-fr eit_z e_o ioise_n son_n tenement_n sicom_fw-mi ses_fw-fr ancestor_n e_o than_o let_v he_o have_v and_o enjoy_v his_o tenement_n as_o his_o ancestor_n and_o lie_v avaunt_o le_fw-fr tyndront_fw-fr et_fw-fr sil_fw-fr ne_fw-fr vent_n devant_fw-fr lan_o he_o before_o hold_v it_o and_o if_o he_o do_v not_o come_v before_o the_o year_n e_fw-it le_fw-fr tour_fw-fr and_o the_o day_n pass_v donc_fw-fr auge_fw-mi le_fw-fr seign_n all_o prochein_a count_n suiant_fw-la ove_z resmoynage_n paste_n then_o let_v the_o lord_n go_v to_o the_o next_o county_n court_n with_o the_o witness_n de_fw-fr sa_fw-fr court_n e_o face_n la_fw-fr pronuncier_fw-la cel_z process_n pur_fw-mi of_o his_o own_o court_n &_o pronounce_v there_o this_o process_n to_o have_v tesmoynage_n aver_v further_a witness_n et_fw-la per_fw-la agard_fw-fr de_fw-fr sa_fw-fr court_n apres_fw-fr ceo_fw-la count_n and_o by_o the_o award_n of_o his_o court_n after_o that_o county_n tenue_z entra_fw-la e_fw-la meynovera_fw-mi en_fw-fr celes_z terres_fw-la e_o tenemenz_fw-fr court_n hold_v he_o shall_v enter_v &_o manure_v in_o those_o land_n &_o tenement_n sicome_a en_fw-fr son_fw-fr demeyne_z et_fw-fr si_fw-fr le_fw-fr tenant_n vent_v apres_fw-fr e_o voillâ—_n as_o in_o his_o demean_n own_o and_o if_o the_o tenant_n come_v afterward_o and_o will_v ces_fw-fr tenemenz_fw-fr reaver_n e_o tener_fw-la sicome_a ill_a fist_n devant_o face_n rehave_v his_o tenement_n &_o hold_v they_o as_o he_o do_v before_o let_v he_o make_v agree_v all_o seigneur_n sicome_a il_fw-fr est_fw-fr auncyenement_n do_v agreement_n with_o the_o lord_n according_a as_o it_o be_v ancient_o say_v neghe_o syþe_v seld_o and_o neg_fw-mi he_o syþ_n geld_v and_o fif_a pond_n for_o þe_v Æ¿ere_o o_z he_o become_v healder_n aussi_fw-fr il_fw-fr cleyment_n que_fw-fr nul_fw-fr home_fw-fr deit_fw-mi serment_n sur_fw-fr liure_fw-fr fere_n also_o they_o claim_v fealty_n that_o no_o man_n ought_v to_o make_v a_o oath_n upon_o a_o book_n per_fw-la destress_n ne_fw-la per_fw-la pour_z de_fw-fr seigneur_fw-fr neither_o by_o distress_n nor_o by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o lord_n ne_fw-fr de_fw-fr baylif_n nor_o his_o bailyfe_n encounter_n sa_o volunte_z saunz_fw-fr bref_o le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr sinon_fw-la pour_fw-fr feaute_fw-fr against_o his_o will_n without_o the_o writ_n of_o the_o king_n unless_o it_o be_v for_o fealty_n fear_v a_o son_n seigneur_fw-fr meske_n per_fw-la devant_o coronner_n ou_fw-fr altar_n to_o be_v do_v to_o his_o lord_n but_o only_a before_o the_o coroner_n or_o such_o other_o minister_n le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr qui_fw-fr real_a pour_z eyont_fw-mi de_fw-fr enquerer_n de_fw-fr minister_n of_o the_o king_n as_o have_v royal_a power_n to_o inquire_v of_o trespass_n fetch_v encounter_n la_fw-fr coronne_fw-fr nostre_fw-fr seigneur_fw-fr le_fw-fr roy._n essoignes_n trespass_n commit_v against_o the_o crown_n of_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n ecleyment_n and_o auxi_fw-la que_fw-fr checun_fw-fr kenteys_n put_v autre_fw-fr assonier_n en_fw-fr they_o claim_v also_o that_o every_o kentish_a man_n may_v essoine_v a_o other_o la_o court_n le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr en_fw-fr count_n en_fw-fr hundred_o e_o en_fw-fr la_fw-fr either_o in_o the_o king_n court_n or_o in_o the_o county_n or_o in_o the_o hundred_o or_o in_o the_o court_n son_n seigneur_n la_fw-fr ou_fw-fr assoigne_n gist_n aussi_fw-fr bien_fw-fr de_fw-fr common_a court_n of_o his_o lord_n where_o essoine_n lie_v &_o the_o aswell_o in_o case_n of_o common_a suit_n come_v the_o play_n estre_fw-fr ceo_fw-la il_fw-fr cleyment_n per_fw-la especial_a fetch_v le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr suit_n as_o of_o plea._n moreover_o they_o claim_v by_o a_o especial_a deed_n of_o king_n henry_n pere_fw-fr le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr edward_n que_fw-la ore_fw-la est_fw-la que_fw-fr dieu_fw-fr garde_n land_n que_fw-fr henry_n the_o 3_o father_n of_o king_n e._n which_o now_o be_v who_o god_n save_v that_o of_o the_o tenementz_n que_fw-fr sont_fw-fr tenus_fw-la en_fw-fr gavylekende_v ne_fw-la scit_fw-la prise_fw-fr battaille_fw-fr the_o tenement_n which_o be_v hold_v in_o gavelkind_n there_o shall_v no_o battle_n ne_o grand_a assize_n per_fw-la xij_o chivaller_n sicome_a aillour_n be_v join_v nor_o grand_a assize_n take_v by_o xii_o knight_n as_o it_o be_v use_v in_o est_fw-fr prise_fw-fr en_fw-fr le_fw-fr reaume_fw-fr ceo_fw-la est_fw-la a_o savoir_fw-fr la_fw-fr ou_fw-fr tenant_n e_o le_fw-fr demaundant_a other_o place_n of_o the_o realm_n this_o be_v to_o weet_v where_o the_o tenant_n &_o demaundant_a tenant_n per_fw-la gavylekende_v mes_fw-fr en_fw-fr lu_o de_fw-fr ces_fw-fr grandes_fw-fr assize_n hold_v by_o gavelkind_n but_o in_o place_n of_o these_o ground_n assize_n seient_a prize_n juree_n per_fw-la twelve_o home_n tenantz_n en_fw-fr gavylekend_n issi_n let_v jury_n be_v take_v by_o xii_o man_n be_v tenant_n in_o gavelkind_n so_o the_o que_fw-fr quatre_fw-fr tenantz_n de_fw-fr gavylekend_n elisent_fw-fr twelve_o tenantz_n de_fw-fr gavyle_n four_o tenant_n of_o gavelkind_n choose_v xii_o tenant_n of_o gavelkind_n to_o kende_z juror_n e_o la_fw-fr chartre_fw-fr le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr de_fw-fr ceste_fw-fr especiaute_fw-fr est_fw-fr en_fw-fr la_fw-fr be_v juror_n and_o the_o chartre_z of_o the_o king_n of_o this_o especialty_n be_v in_o the_o garde_fw-fr sire_n johan_n de_fw-fr norwode_n le_fw-fr tour_fw-fr s._n elphegh_n en_fw-fr canterbyre_n custody_n of_o sir_n john_n of_o norwood_n the_o day_n of_o s._n alphey_n in_o canterbury_n le_fw-fr a_fw-fr le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr edward_n le_fw-fr fiz_n le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr henry_n xxi_o the_o year_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o son_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o xxi_o caesario_n sont_fw-fr les_fw-fr usage_n de_fw-fr gavilekend_n e_fw-it de_fw-fr gavylekendey_n en_fw-fr kent_n these_o be_v the_o usage_n of_o gavelkind_n &_o of_o gavelkind_n man_n in_o kent_n que_fw-fr furent_fw-fr devant_n le_fw-fr conquest_n e_fw-it en_fw-fr le_fw-fr conquest_n e_fw-la totes_fw-la hour_n which_o be_v before_o the_o conquest_n and_o at_o the_o conquest_n and_o ever_o teske_n en_fw-fr ca_fw-mi since_o till_o now_o the_o name_n of_o such_o person_n as_o procure_v their_o possession_n to_o be_v alter_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o gavelkind_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n make_v .31_o h._n 8._o cap._n 3._o thomas_n lord_n cromwell_n thomas_n lord_n burghe_n george_n lord_n cobham_n andrew_n lord_n windsor_n sir_n thomas_n cheyne_n sir_n christopher_n hales_n s._n thomas_n willoughby_n s._n anthony_n seintleger_n s._n edward_n wootton_n s._n edward_n bowton_n s._n roger_n cholmley_n