that race held it But the last of them Robert was divested of them by his Nephew King Robert Son to Hugh Capet and it was re-united to the Crown All that was before the two Families of Burgundy of which we are to speak to discusse the right which the Spaniards pretend upon that piece of the French State 3. So then from the beginning of the first Race two Royall Families have possest the Dutchy of Burgundy The first began by Robert younger brother to King Henry the First and Son to King Robert To him his brother Henry gave that Dutchy in the year 1032. That Family continued from Male to Male without any interruption of Female succession untill the death of the last Duke Philip dead without issue An. 1362. Then King John at that time reigning in France seizd-upon that piece as an apanage so the French call the Portions of the Sons of France which are to return to the Crown when Heirs Male fail That apanage then being returned to the Crown King John bestowed it in the same nature upon his fourth Son Philip. This was the head of the second house of Burgundy which had four Dukes only successively This Philip called le Hardy invested by his Father then Iohn the third Philip le Bon the last Charles killed before Nancy An. 1477. who left his Daughter Mary his universall Heir She was married to Maximilian of Austria since Emperour and so carried all her estate into the house of Austria From that marriage came Philip Archduke married with Jane Inheritrix of all Spain and by her had two Sons Charles the V. and Ferdinand Emperours founders of the two Families of Austria that now reign 4. After the death of Charles killed before Nancy Lewis the XI seized upon the Dutchy of Burgundy as an apanage of France returning to the Crown Although Mary and her Husband Maximilian alleaged that the Dutchy had been given to Philip the Hardy by his Father King John as an absolute gift without any restriction of masculine descent That question though agitated on both sides will alwaies remain undecided The French Kings maintaining themselves in that possession Charles the V. Grandchild to that Mary grounding himself upon that right which we will declare afterwards required by the Treaty of Madrid that the Dutchy of Burgundy should be restored to him as his by his Grandmothers right and taken from her by Lewis the XI But after the return of Francis the I that Treaty was declared void as being contrary to all right of Nations which disannull Treaties made in Prison and extorted by violence contrary to the Municilpal Laws of the State of France which constitute the Kings to be alwaies Minors that is uncapable of absolute disposition as for the alienation of their Dominions So the Article of that Treatise concerning the restitution of Burgundy remained null though signed by the King Besides the States Generall of the Kingdom protested to the King that it was never in his power to alienate any Province of his State without their consent Which last opposition was of such force that since neither in the Treaty of Cambray nor in that of Crespy in Valois in which severall pieces were yielded unto the house of Austria any mention was made of Burgundy Yet the Kings of Spain take still the Title of Dukes of Burgundy So much for the Fact We will now examine the right 5. It must be acknowledged that the severity of Apanages for the Males onely to the exclusion of Females is not in use among the French but since the time of Philip de Valois who began to reign An. 1328 for remounting higher to Hugh Capet we find not that exclusion of Females from successions saving the ordinary preference of the Males before them And the Females were admitted Heirs in all kinds of estates whether given by the King or by others Yea many times the houses of the Sons of France have ended in Females that have transported their Estates to other Families as it appears in that of Dreux of Vermandois of Courtenay and of others But since the time of Philip de Valois no Son of France had any apanage but upon that condition Which is evident in that all the apanages are returned to the Crown by the extinction of Males to the exclusion of Females as those of Anjou Berry Alanson and others Yea although that first house of Burgundy be much antienter and hath begun almost with the third race yet as it was the first and most important apanage we have in the History thereof an example of the exclusion of Females and setling the inheritance in the Males Hugh the IV. of that name Duke of Burgundy had three Sons Eudes his eldest John Lord of Charrolois and Robert the II. Duke of Burgundy Eudes was married in his Fathers life time died before him and left three Daughters Joland Margaret and Alice or Alix John the second Son was married and died likewise before his Father leaving a Daughter Beatrix of Burgundy Lady of Bourbon This was the Lady who being married with Robert Son to Saint Lewis gave a beginning to the house of Bourbon When Eudes the IV. died it seemed that the Daughters of the First or Second of his Sons should have inherited by the right of representation of their Father but they were excluded from it by their Uncle Robert who enjoyed it and his Heirs Male peaceably though these four Daughters had been married in great and potent houses 6. Philip the last Duke of that Race being dead King John took the Dutchy in his Possession yet did not reunite it to the Crown but presently gave it to his fourth Son Philip le Hardy whom he especially loved because he had saved his life in the battell of Poitiers though he was then very young He gave it him by a long Charter which indeed contains not in expresse termes the exception of Female Heirs but conferrs it upon him with the same rights by which himself came by it and by which he possesseth it Termes which have caused difficulty because John could be said to succeed to it by two rights the one as King the other as the next Heir-male of the last Duke If he succeeded to it as King the Dutchy being an apanage returning to the Crown in defect of Heir-Male then without doubt it was setled upon his Son Philip as a masculine apanage both because his Father gave it him with the same right by wh ch himself had got it And because the severe Law of Apanages was already in use from Philip de Valois Father to John and never was interrupted since 7. But King John say the Spaniards inherited of the last Duke as the next of blood and his Heir ab intestato because it appeareth in the Genealogy of that first Race of Burgundy that Robert the II he that had excluded his four Neeces was Father to Hugh the V. who dyed without issue and of Eudes the IV. both
was Francesco Gonzaga Marquess of Mantua who gave battel to the King at Fornova which the King won with great glory Being returned into France he prepared to return into Italy but dyed in that preparation Whilst Charles was about the conquest of Naples Lewis Duke of Orleans who soon after was King of France stayed in his County of Ast and renewed his claim to the Dutchy of Milan possest by the usurper Ludovick Sforza the murtherer of his two nephews As long as Ludovick kept good intelligence with the King Lewis Duke of Orleans durst not attempt any thing against him But after that Ludovick had made himself one of the league against the King Lewis possest himselfe of Novaerae a Town of the Dutchy which presently was besieged by Ludovick and recovered excepting the Castle Under Lewis the XII In sixteen yeares that Lewis reigned he had Wars with Philip of Austria Ferdinand King of Arragon Ludovick Duke of Milan and the Kings of Naples of the Bastard branch of Arragon 1. An. 1499. Philip Arch-duke of Austria did homage at Arras in the hands of Guy de Rochford Chancellor of France for the Counties of Flanders Artois and Charolois a solemn action done with great pomp and many formalities 2. In the years 1499. and 1500. Lewis conquereth the Dutchy of Milan from Ludovick loseth it by the returne of Ludovick out of Germany regaines it by taking and imprisoning Ludovick and by the chase which he gave to his Sons Maximilian and Francis 3. From thence he goeth to Naples conquers it from Friderick the last King of the Bastard branch of Arragon who puts himselfe into the Kings hands The King recompenceth him with the Dutchy of Anjou a pension of thirty thousand Crowns and the first place in the Councell Ferdinand King of Arragon seeing that bastard branch falled reneweth his pretences to Naples Lewis compounds with him and they share the Kingdom The King of Arragon hath for his part Calabria Puglia the rest remains to the French But soone after upon some differences which arose between the French and the Spaniards for the confines of the Country of Abruzzo and some Salt-pits the grand Capitan Gonsalvo de Cordova takes arms and expells the French an 1503. 4. The Emperour Maximilian after the yeare 1593. seeing the house of Sforzas degraded from Milan but two Sons remaining threatneth Lewis of the Imperial Ban. Lewis appeaseth him and obtaines the investiture of the yeare 1505. and promiseth his daughter Claud to Charles Duke of Luxemburg who since was Emperour But soon after Lewis who loved dearly Francis d' Angoulesme his Cosin and first Prince of his blood made him marry Claud by the counsel of the great men of his Kingdom notwithstanding the promise made to Maximilian This angred very much Philip Father to Charles who would have taken a revenge of that wrong had he not been prevented with death an 1506. He had married Jane the great inheritrix of Spain by whom he had many children 5. Yet Philip before he dyed reconciled himselfe with Lewis yea and recommended to him the tuition of his Son Charles which Lewis accepted and gave him Antony de Ceures Lord of Crovy for his Governour a wise Knight who formed that young spirit to great businesses in which Charles excelled afterwards 6. An. 1507. the City of Genoa which had been conquered with the Dutchy of Milan and where Lewis had made a glorious entry revolted from him Lewis passeth into Italy and brings her to subjection It was at that time that Ferdinand of Arragon returning from his new conquest of Naples saw Lewis the XII at Savone a Town of the Territory of Genoa In that enterview Ferdinand who was then King of two little Kingdoms onely both depending from the See of Rome refused alwayes the honour and the precedence which Lewis would give him as it is usuall to do to strangers when one is at home even to inferiours He would salute Lewis at his rising and attended him going to Mass Lewis whensoever he gave to Ferdinand the precedence made him understand that he did it out of civi lity not out of duty Go before said he to him for if I were at your house and in your Country I would in the like case doe what you would desire of me but because you are in my Country you shall do so for it is my will and I beseech you so to doe That might be done then without prejudice when the House of Arragon was farre under the splendor of that of France and was not so arrogant as now How such another encounter should be ordered in these dayes in point of civility it is more then I can determine An. 1508. the league of Cambray was made of Pope Jule the II. the Emperour Maximilian Lewis King of France and Ferdinand King of Arragon and Naples to beat down the arrogancy of the Venetians who during the confusions of Italy had incroacht upon all their Estates the patrimony of the Church the Empire Milan and Naples Whence followed the battel of Aignadel which Lewis won of the Venetians which made him so glorious that the Popes and the Princes of Italy grew jealous of him Ferdinand leaveth the alliance of Lewis who had restored unto him all the Towns which the Venetians held in the Kingdom of Naples and made war against him Lewis wins the battel of Ravenna against the Pope and the Spaniards an 1512. 8. Pope Jule the II being declared enemy to Lewis and all his adherents among whom was John d'Albret King of Navarra Ferdinand invaded Navarra an 1512. The Switzers set on by the Pope expell the French from the Dutchy of Milan and set up Maximilian Sforza Son to Ludovic The English and Maximilian being confederate come into France and besiege Terovenne Lewis comes to helpe and gives the battel which was called of the Spurres because though the French at the first resisted manfully yet they were put to the worst and forced to make more use of their Spurres then Swords Finally although Lewis had won the battel of Ravenna an 1512. he saw himselfe expelled out of all Italy and the House of the Sforzas restored at Milan before he dyed which was an 1515. Vnder Francis the I. In the beginning of his reign he found the House of Austria in the hands of Charles then of the age of fifteen years who possest all the Low Countries by his Father Philip of Austria and the Kingdom of Castilia from his Mother Jane of Arragon Maximilian was yet living enjoying the Arch-dutchy of Austria His other Grand-father Ferdinand was King of Arragon and Naples both very old and broken Charles was their Heir apparent 1. Francis the I. comming to the Crown received the homage of the Count of Nassau in the name of Charles Count of Flanders and Artors to whom he promist Renee second daughter to Lewis the XII But that marriage was not fulfilled Hee confirmed also that peace with Ferdinand which Lewis
alliance and ashamed of the harm which he had done to his Country Being then contented to agree with the King he met with him at Arras An. 1435. This was called the Treatie of Arras a fundamentall piece of the History of that age and the following By that Treaty after that King Charles the VII in as little dishonorable termes as might be had asked pardon for the killing of Duke John when he was Dolphin they agreed about many other Articles and the King gave many pieces belonging to the Crown The chief were these 1. He transported to the Duke and to his Heirs lawfully begotten the Towns and jurisdictions of Peronne Roye Mondidier to hold them by homage from the Crown and in Title of Peerdom to depend of the Court of Parliament of Paris 2. The County of Artois was restored unto him on the same Title with all the impositions amounting to fourteeen thousand Livers per an But of the rights of France upon the County of Artois we shall speak hereafter 3. He transported to the said Duke the Towns of Saint Quintin Corbi Amiens Abbeville Dourlans Saint Riquier Crevecoeur and all the other Towns Castles and Lordships seated upon the River of Somme on both sides together with the County of Ponthien and other Lands adjacent to the County of Flanders and Lands of the Empire All these Towns Castles and Lordships redeemable with the sum of 400000 Crowns Upon that Treaty all these Towns were delivered to the duke of Burgundy and all the time of Charles the VII nothing was altered in this agreement Lewis the XI came to the Crown An. 1461. who being unthankfull and malicious although he had great obligations to the house of Burgundy yet as soon as he came to the Crown he conceived a great aversion against Charles Count of Charolois Son and Heir to Philip le Bon and would recover all those pawned Lordships arguing the Treaty of Arras of nullity and invalidity maintaining that his Father could not alienate so many pieces belonging to the State against the fundamentall Laws To disingage these Lands he laid great impositions upon the people till he had raised the four hundred thousand Crownes which he caused to be brought to Abbeville and delivered unto the Duke who soon after delivered all those places unto him Charles Count of Charolois took that so heavily that he almost died for sorrow and conceived a mortall hatred against the Lord of Crovi whom he accused to have advised his Father to it And it was one of the causes of the War of the publique good which having been carried with various successe till the Treaty of Conflans near Paris 1465 the fourth Article whereof was that the King should give again to the Count of Charolois all the Townes seated upon the River of Somme lately redeemed with 400000. Crowns to enjoy them all his life time and besides that should give him the County of Guines for himself and his Heirs for ever This Charles who was since Duke of Burgundy enjoyed these Lands though not without Wars and Divisions against Lewis the XI Finally Charles being dead before Nancy An. 1477. Lewis the XI did suddenly invade the Dutchy of Burgundy as a masculin apanage returning to the Crown and all the Townes upon the River of Somme which the French have kept ever since Neither can the house of Austria pretend any just right to them as Heir of the house of Burgundy both because Charles the VII had not power to alienate these parts of his State as his Son Lewis the XI alledged and because all these Townes had been alienated upon condition of redemption with a certain sum which was paid by Lewis the XI unto the Duke Philip. And if they were restored to the Count of Charolois it was for his life onely Wherefore Lewis did not seize upon them but after the death of Charles At which time also he took Arras of which we will speak hereafter Paragraphe VI. Of the Dutchy of Britain The right of the house of Austria to the Dutchy of Britain hath more ground then any of the former and gave matter to many disputes especially in the time of the League the King of Spain Philip the II. representing the rights of his Daughter Isabella both to the Kingdom and especially to that Dutchy And when the Duke of Mercoeur who had cantonned himselfe in it finding himself too weak to maintain his own pretence to it which was upon another ground threatned to give entrance to the Spaniards into the Dutchy La Guesle the Kings Atturney Generall made a long speech to defend the Kings right of which the summary is this 1. That Francis the II. the last Duke of Britain dying An. 1488. left two daughters Anna and Isabella The second died young The eldest Anne had the whole succession and was married first to Charles the VIII of France by whom though she had many children none outlived the Father Who being dead she was married with his successour Lewis the XII by whom she had two Daughters Claude married to Francis the I. who by her had Henry the II who was Father to three Kings Francis the II. Charles the IX Henry the III. and to Francis Duke of Alanson all which left no issue He was Father also of Elizabeth the Third Wife of Philip the II. King of Spain who by her had the Infanta Isabella Wife to Archiduke Albert and Princess of the Low-Countries died An. 1633 and Catherine Dutchesse of Savoy 2. By the death of Henry the III all the masculine Race of Valois was extinct and the next Heir of that house was Infanta Isabella daughter to Elizabeth the eldest Sister of Henry the III. So if there was any Estate in that house inheritable by women it belonged to Isabella without question Philip the II dealing for his daughter after he was once satisfied that his pretence to the Crown of France in her behalfe was ridiculous asked that at least the Dutchy of Britain should be restored to her as the Estate which her great Grandmother Anne of Britain had brought to Lewis the XII an Estate which often had past to Females saying as it was true that she was the next in blood To these allegations these answers are given 1. That the Dutchy of Britain had been inserapably united w th the Crown by the coming of Henry the II. to the Crown for it is a fundamentall rule among the French that a King coming to the Crown uniteth unto the same all his Estate both Paternall and Maternall 2. Besides that tacit and municipall right to which all contrary pretence must yield there was an expresse union made An. 1532. at the request of the States Generall of Britain by Francis the I. upon condition that the Dolphin should take the Title of Dolphin of Viennois Duke of Britain which was then practised in the person of the Dolphin Francis but was since neglected That authenticall union of Britain with the Crown cannot
the Meek an 843. when the River of Scaldis being set as a limit of that which belonged to Lothary the Emperour on the one side and Charles le Chauve on the other that Country remained within the partage of the last who was King of France and containes a great extent of Land beyond the River of Somme near the Rivers of Scaldis and Lis butting upon the Ocean And because all that Country was full of Wood which made it be called Sylva Carbonaria Charlemagne about the yeare 771. placed there a Governour whom he called the great Forester of Flanders So also were his successors called and were not very considerable The first that erected this Country into a County was Charles le Chauve an 850. or thereabouts The first Count was Baldwin surnamed Bras de fer or Iron-arm for his great exploits against the Normans then barbarous and infidels who coming from the North infested those coasts both by Sea and Land This Baldwin stole away Iudith Daughter to Charles le Chauve and widow to an English King which action at the first moved Charles to a great wrath and hatred against him But Iudith having appeased her Father and Baldwin being very necessary for the defence of those Countries against the Normans he recovered the Kings Grace and it was upon that reconciliation that he was made Count of Flanders So that Baldwin is the head of that house of Flanders and Artois which then were but one Province 1. All that Country remained thus united in one County till the year 1180. when Philip August King of France married Isabella Daughter of Baldwin the IV. Count of Hainaut and Namur and of Margaret of Flanders For Philip of Alsatia Count of Flanders uncle to Margaret to shew his joy for that high alliance gave her the Country of Artois consisting in the Towns of Arras Bapaume Saint Omer Aire Hesdin and some others which Philip August enjoyed and his Sons after him till Lewis the VIII gave the Country of Artois to his third Son Robert for whose sake his brother St Lewis erected the same into a County of which this Robert did him homage and that house of Artois was a Royal house for a long time after Thus Flanders and Artois had their severall Counts and Lords as most of the other seventeen Provinces of Netherlands 2. King Iohn of France having given to his fourth Son Philip the Dutchy of Burgundy because he loved him dearly he procured a great marriage for him matching him with Margaret of Flanders only Daughter of Lewis the III. Count of Flanders and of Margaret of Brahant That Princess was held the richest march of Europe for she was Heir not onely of the Counties of Flanders Burgundy Artois Nevers Retel and other great Lordships but was also apparent Heir from her great Aunt by her Mothers side of the Dutchies of Brabant Lothier Limburg and the Marquesat of Antwerp That alliance made an 1356. was the beginning of the greatness of the house of Burgundy For that Philip and his three successors Iohn Philip and Charles united all these great States which afterwards fell into the House of Austria by marriage as we have represented before 3. Although the propriety of those two Provinces Flanders and Artois came to the House of Austria by the match of Mary of Burgundy with Maximilian the pretences of the Crowne of France upon that propriety being quitted by the reddition of the Towne of Arras an 1435. Yet the soveraignty thereof hath remained with the French Kings untill the Cessions by them made of the same by severall Treaties of which the first was that of Madrid That soveraignty is proved by seven Reasons The first is The homages which the Counts have alwaies payed to the Kings of France for these Counties and the investitures which they have taken from them of the same The second That the Kings of France have judged of the Counts of Flanders as Soveraigns and given them Lawes The third That they decided of peace and war in Flanders even against the will of the Counts The fourth That they have given grace to Flemmings as their Soveraigns and punisht them of their rebellions The fifth That it was especially promis'd and agreed that the Flemmings should resort to the Parliament of Paris The sixth That the Kings of France have protected as Soveraignes the Counts of Flanders The seventh That they have confiscated the County for Felony Briefly the Kings of France have exercised all Acts of Soveraignty in Flanders and Artois a thing never brought in question or denyed before Charles the V. who being promoted to the Empire and fallen to great Wars against Francis the I. was delinquent in that duty and obtained the cession of that right by divers Treaties 4. It is then a known truth that Flanders and Artois did belong to the Soveraignty of France and that the question is onely whether the cession made at Madrid was just and valid Upon which the French say 1. That Charles the V being born a subject of France at Gant in the County of Flanders committed the crime of Felony by his Wars against his Soveraign whom also he took and kept prisoner which was often upbraided to him yea a sentence of the Parliment of Paris intervened against him whereby he is deprived of his Lordships depending of the Crown of France for crime of Felony so that being a Felon against his Soveraigne he had no right either to treat with him when he kept him prisoner nor any way oblige him 2. The cession made by the Treaty of Madrid was invalid by the Law of Nations as done by a man kept in prison 3. That cession made at Madrid and in other Treaties is null by the fundamentall Laws of France which prohibit the alienation of the Soveraign rights of the Crown especially without the consent of the States Generall who never ratified all those Treaties And in effect the Parliaments by their sentences the Peers of the Kingdom by their Votes and all the learned and judicious by their discourses have condemned those Treaties And to this day the Flemmings and Artesians are accounted Regnicolae and have no need of letters of Naturalization CHAP. IV. Wars Agreements Treaties between the houses of France and Austria about their pretences from the Treaty of Arras to that of Vervins WE have seen how by the History and by Reason the two Houses of France and Austria will ground their several pretences As the differences between private persons beget suits in Law which end in the sentence of a Court so the jealousies between these two great houses have begot Wars which haue ended in Treaties Yet so that the Wars have begun afresh after These Wars have been many especially since the promotion of Charles the V to the Empire an 1519. For the Kings of France who without contradiction had the precedence before all Christian Monarches were grieved to see a Count of Flanders and an Heir of the house
dieth an 1467. Charles succeeds him 6. This new Duke of Burgundy is much considered in France by reason of his great Lands and turbulent spirit All his time hee was in Wars with the King and brought the English into France The King also did raise him Enemies which his own rashnesse did multiply He was defeated by the Switzers at Granson and Morat and killed before Nancy an 1477. 7. After his death Lewis took the Dutchy of Burgundy and Provinces annext to it given by Charles the VII to Philip le Bon as a masculin apanage with the Towns upon the River of Somme which Charles was to hold all his life not leave it to his heirs He seized also upon the Town of Arras upon which he pretended a right He did his utmost to catch Mary the inheritrix of Charles and desired the people of Gant to deliver her into his hand or make her marry Charles the Dolphin but they protected her and soon after Maximilian of Austria married her 8. In Spain after the enterview of the two King Lewis of France and Henry of Castilia and the sale or pawning of the Country of Roussillon King John of Arragon seeing that Lewis had arbitrated in favour of the Castilian and had sent John Duke of Calabria for the conquest of Arragon took his time when the leagues in France were strongest against the King to make Perpignan revolt against the French The Garrison retired into the Citadel and made it good till the Town was besieged by Lewis and constrained to return to his obedience Paragraphe II. From the marriage of Maximilian with Mary unto his death This period of forty yeares comprehends four reigns of the French Kings the end of Lewis the XI Charles the VIII Lewis the XII and the beginning of Francis the I in which space the greatnesse of the House of Austria was founded by her union with that of Burgundy and then with Castilia and Arragon Vnder Lewis the XI Since the death of Duke Charles three remarkable things hapned under Lewis the XI Mary inheritrix of Burgundy whom her Father had promist to many Princes in the end was married to Maximilian of Austria an 1478. Lewis would have her for Charles the Dâ—lphin but he was but six years old and she above fifteen yeares elder then he That preferring of Maximilian before Charles was the cause of many evils to France 1. The loss of all that Mary possest which might have been united with France 2. The increase of the house of Austria which began then to be jealous of France which she was very far from before that alliance 3. Great Wars and endlesse envy by the neighborhood of these two great Houses That marriage lasted but four yeares Mary dying of a fall from her Horse as she was hunting She left two children Philip Archduke of Austria Father to Charles the V. and Margaret 2. By the jealousie risen between France and Austria by that marriage and incensed by the revolt of the Prince of Orenge a great Lord of Franch County they broke into open War and the battel of Guinegast was fought of which the event was so uncertain that both parties ascribed to themselves the victory 3. Mary of Burgundy being dead the Flemmings especially the Gantois alwayes mutinous would expell Maximilian and dispose of Mary's Children They married Margaret to Charles the Dolphin and appointed for her portion the County of Artois Franch County and other Lands Margaret was then but two yeares old and Charles twelve But Charles being married since with Anne Dutchesse of Britain Margaret was sent back to her Father Maximilian which was a new cause of jealousie betweene these two families This Margaret being seperated from Charles was married to John Son of Ferdinand of Arragon and Isabella of Castilia whom she never saw Then she was for the third time married with Philibert the II Duke of Savoy They say of her that she was three times married and dyed a Virgin Under Charles the VIII 1. Charles the VIII had civil Wars against Lewis Duke of Orleans the Duke of Britain and others which ended by the battel of St. Aubin after which Charles married Anne the inheritrix of Brittain whereby he offered two affronts unto Maximilian the one that he sent him back his Daughter Margaret with whom he had bin married seven or eight yeares the other that he married her with whom Maximilian was married by Proxie for in Britaine all the Proclamations were then made in the name of the Dutchess and of the Arch-duke of Austria Upon which Maximilian made War against Charles and took the Towns of Arras St Omer and other places which the French held as yet in Artois But a Peace was made an 1493. by which Charles was within four years to restore the Franch County and some Towns which he held in Artois unto Philip the Heir of Netherlands Son to Maximilian An. 1494. Charles restored to Ferdinand King of Arragon Perpignan and the County of Roussillon though he received not the three hundred thousand Crowns which it was pawnned for The reason why Charles did so we have declared before 3. The same year was the expedition of Charles the VIII into Naples against the house of Arragon To that which we have said of that quarrel this must be added Alphonsus who was adopted by Queen Jane the II. and in the end expelled the house of Anjou out of Italy left Naples to Ferdinand his bastard saying that he could lawfully doe it because it was his own conquest The house of that bastard enjoyed it after him and had four Princes Ferdinand the Bastard Alphonsus his Son Ferdinand his Grandchild and after him Friderick uncle to this last Ferdinand and brother of Alphonsus Although that House of Bastards enjoyed Naples the Kings of Arragon would say that it was by their toleration becaus Alphonsus King of Arragon who had been adopted by Jane the II. had conquered Naples with the Arms the Blood and the money of Arragon that he ought not to have left it to any but his brother John King after him of Arragon Wherefore Ch. VIII fearing lest Ferdinand King of Arragon Son to John should disturb his conquest of Naples either to assist that Bastard House or to make it his own conquest restored unto him the County of Roussillon gratis upon Ferdinands promise not to disturbe him yea to help him but Ferdinand broke his word with him What was the right of Charles was shewed before Charles with great expedition past through Piemont Milan Pisa Florence Rome got the Kingdom of Naples without difficulty and governed it without prudence and instantly lost it by the ill behaviour of his Ministers which got him the hatred of the Neapolitans A league was made by the Pope the Venetians the King of Naples and the Duke of Milan not onely to stay his conquests but to stop his return and destroy him in Italy The Generall of the Army of the league