not_o knight_n service_n whereas_o the_o other_o be_v call_v escuage_z uncertain_a final_o uncertain_a escuage_z uncertain_a you_o shall_v understand_v that_o escuage_z uncertain_a be_v always_o adjudge_v to_o be_v knight_n service_n and_o draw_v unto_o it_o ward_n marriage_n and_o relief_n but_o escuage_z certain_a be_v not_o knight_n service_n but_o be_v of_o the_o tenure_n of_o sucage_n as_o shall_v be_v hereafter_o more_o ample_o show_v chap._n xxvi_o of_o warde_n marriage_n and_o relief_n every_o knights-service_n draw_v unto_o it_o ward_n marriage_n and_o relief_n wherefore_o it_o be_v now_o right_o expedient_a somewhat_o to_o entreat_v of_o they_o you_o shall_v therefore_o be_v admonish_v warde_n warde_n that_o when_o the_o tenant_n which_o hold_v his_o land_n by_o knights-service_n die_v his_o heir_n male_a be_v at_o that_o time_n within_o the_o age_n of_o twenty_o one_o year_n the_o lord_n shall_v have_v the_o ward_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o custody_n or_o keep_n of_o the_o land_n so_o hold_v of_o he_o to_o his_o own_o use_n and_o profit_n till_o the_o heir_n come_v to_o the_o full_a age_n of_o twenty_o one_o year_n for_o the_o law_n here_o presume_v that_o till_o he_o come_v to_o his_o age_n he_o be_v not_o able_a to_o do_v such_o service_n as_o be_v of_o his_o tenure_n require_v furthermore_o marriage_n marriage_n if_o such_o heir_n be_v unmarried_a at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o death_n of_o the_o tenant_n than_o the_o lord_n shall_v have_v also_o the_o ward_n and_o the_o bestow_n of_o the_o marriage_n of_o he_o but_o if_o a_o tenant_n by_o knights-service_n die_v woman_n the_o full_a age_n of_o a_o woman_n his_o heir_n female_a be_v of_o the_o age_n of_o thirteen_o year_n or_o above_o than_o the_o lord_n shall_v have_v the_o ward_n neither_o of_o the_o land_n nor_o yet_o of_o the_o body_n of_o such_o a_o heir_n and_o the_o reason_n hereof_o be_v because_o a_o woman_n of_o that_o age_n may_v have_v a_o husband_n able_a to_o do_v knights-service_n that_o be_v to_o say_v to_o wait_v upon_o the_o king_n majesty_n person_n when_o he_o go_v into_o scotland_n with_o his_o army_n royal._n but_o if_o such_o a_o heir_n female_a be_v within_o age_n of_o fourteen_o year_n and_o not_o marry_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o death_n of_o her_o ancester_n than_o the_o lord_n shall_v have_v the_o ward_n of_o the_o land_n hold_v of_o he_o till_o such_o heir_n female_a come_v to_o the_o age_n of_o sixteen_o year_n by_o force_n of_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n in_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n 1_o cap._n 12._o note_v that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a diversity_n in_o the_o law_n between_o the_o age_n of_o female_n age_n diversity_n of_o age_n and_o of_o male_n for_o the_o female_a have_v these_o many_o age_n appoint_v by_o the_o law_n woman_n age_n of_o a_o woman_n first_o at_o seven_o year_n of_o age_n the_o lord_n her_o father_n may_v distrein_o his_o tenant_n for_o aid_n to_o marry_v she_o second_o at_o nine_o year_n of_o age_n she_o be_v dowable_a three_o at_o twelve_o year_n she_o be_v able_a to_o assent_v to_o matrimony_n four_o at_o fourteen_o year_n she_o be_v able_a to_o have_v her_o land_n and_o shall_v be_v out_o of_o warde_n if_o she_o be_v of_o this_o age_n at_o the_o death_n of_o her_o ancester_n five_o at_o sixteen_o year_n she_o shall_v be_v out_o of_o warde_n though_o at_o the_o death_n of_o her_o ancester_n she_o be_v within_o the_o age_n of_o fourteen_o year_n six_o at_o twenty_o one_o year_n she_o be_v able_a to_o make_v alienation_n of_o her_o land_n or_o tenement_n whereas_o the_o man_n have_v but_o two_o age_n the_o one_o at_o fourteen_o year_n to_o have_v his_o land_n hold_v in_o socage_n man_n the_o age_n of_o a_o man_n and_o to_o assent_v to_o matrimony_n the_o other_o at_o twenty_o one_o to_o make_v alienation_n you_o shall_v understand_v that_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o merton_n 6_o chap._n it_o be_v enact_v that_o if_o in_o case_n the_o lord_n do_v marry_v their_o ward_n to_o villain_n or_o other_o whereby_o be_v disparagement_n if_o such_o heir_n so_o marry_v be_v within_o the_o age_n of_o fourteen_o year_n or_o such_o age_n that_o the_o say_v warde_n can_v consent_v to_o the_o marriage_n then_o if_o the_o friend_n of_o this_o heir_n complain_v and_o feel_v themselves_o grieve_v with_o this_o unmeet_a marriage_n the_o next_o of_o kin_n to_o the_o heir_n unto_o who_o the_o heritage_n can_v descend_v may_v enter_v into_o the_o land_n and_o put_v out_o the_o lord_n which_o be_v guardian_n in_o chivalry_n and_o if_o the_o next_o kinsman_n will_v not_o thus_o do_v another_o kins_n man_n of_o the_o infant_n may_v do_v it_o and_o shall_v take_v the_o issue_n and_o profit_n to_o the_o behoof_n and_o use_n of_o the_o heir_n and_o yield_v account_n thereof_o unto_o he_o give_v account_v give_v when_o he_o come_v to_o his_o full_a age_n and_o there_o be_v divers_a other_o disparagement_n which_o be_v not_o express_v in_o the_o say_a statute_n disparagement_n divers_a disparagement_n as_o if_o the_o heir_n be_v within_o age_n of_o consent_n and_o in_o ward_n be_v marry_v to_o a_o decrepit_a person_n or_o cripple_n as_o to_o one_o that_o have_v but_o one_o foot_n or_o one_o hand_n or_o that_o be_v a_o deform_a creature_n or_o have_v any_o horrible_a disease_n or_o continual_a infirmity_n all_o these_o and_o such_o like_v be_v disparagement_n but_o here_o also_o you_o shall_v understand_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v say_v no_o disparagement_n unless_o the_o heir_n be_v so_o marry_v when_o he_o be_v within_o age_n of_o discretion_n that_o be_v to_o say_v within_o the_o age_n of_o fourteen_o year_n for_o if_o he_o be_v of_o that_o age_n or_o above_o and_o assent_v to_o such_o marriage_n it_o be_v no_o disparagement_n neither_o shall_v the_o lord_n for_o such_o marriage_n lose_v his_o ward_n because_o it_o shall_v be_v repute_v and_o assign_v to_o the_o folly_n of_o the_o heir_n be_v of_o age_n of_o discretion_n to_o consent_v to_o such_o marriage_n now_o if_o the_o lord_n then_o be_v a_o guardian_n after_o to_o the_o heir_n be_v his_o ward_n a_o convenient_a marriage_n without_o disparagement_n and_o the_o heir_n refuse_v it_o marriage_n value_v of_o marriage_n as_o he_o may_v at_o his_o choice_n and_o election_n very_o well_o do_v then_o the_o lord_n shall_v have_v the_o value_n of_o the_o marriage_n of_o such_o a_o heir_n when_o he_o come_v to_o his_o full_a age_n but_o yet_o if_o he_o marry_v himself_o be_v so_o in_o ward_n against_o the_o will_n of_o his_o garden_n than_o he_o shall_v pay_v the_o double_a value_n marriage_n double_a value_n of_o marriage_n by_o force_n of_o the_o say_a statute_n of_o merton_n before_o remember_v and_o you_o shall_v note_n that_o if_o land_n hold_v by_o knights-service_n father_n one_o shall_v not_o be_v ward_n live_v his_o father_n descend_v to_o a_o infant_n or_o child_n within_o age_n from_o his_o mother_n or_o from_o any_o of_o his_o ancestor_n his_o father_n be_v yet_o alive_a in_o this_o case_n the_o lord_n shall_v not_o have_v the_o marriage_n of_o his_o heir_n for_o during_o the_o life_n of_o his_o father_n the_o son_n shall_v be_v ward_n to_o no_o man_n final_o it_o be_v to_o be_v know_v that_o he_o which_o be_v guardian_n in_o chivalry_n in_o right_n may_v before_o he_o have_v seize_v the_o ward_n grant_v the_o same_o either_o by_o deed_n or_o without_o deed_n to_o another_o man_n and_o then_o he_o to_o who_o such_o a_o grant_n be_v make_v be_v call_v garden_n in_o fait_z now_o as_o touch_v relief_n you_o shall_v know_v that_o if_o a_o man_n hold_v his_o land_n by_o knights-service_n and_o die_v his_o heir_n be_v of_o full_a age_n the_o full_a age_n of_o the_o male_n be_v twenty_o one_o year_n of_o the_o female_a fourteen_o then_o the_o lord_n of_o who_o the_o land_n his_o hold_v shall_v have_v of_o the_o heir_n relief_n note_v you_o that_o all_o earl_n baron_n or_o other_o the_o king_n tenant_n hold_v of_o he_o in_o chief_a by_o knights-service_n which_o die_v their_o heir_n be_v of_o full_a age_n at_o the_o time_n of_o their_o death_n that_o be_v to_o say_v twenty_o one_o year_n of_o age_n they_o ought_v to_o pay_v the_o old_a relief_n for_o their_o inheritance_n that_o be_v the_o heir_n or_o heir_n of_o a_o earl_n for_o a_o whole_a earldom_n 100l_n the_o heir_n or_o heir_n of_o a_o baron_n for_o a_o whole_a barony_n a_o 100_o mark_n the_o heir_n or_o heir_n of_o a_o knight_n one_o 100_o shilling_n and_o he_o that_o have_v less_o shall_v give_v less_o according_a to_o the_o old_a custom_n of_o fe_n like_a law_n be_v observe_v of_o all_o other_o that_o hold_v of_o any_o other_o lord_n immediate_o ut_fw-la supra_fw-la also_o a_o man_n may_v hold_v land_n of_o a_o lord_n
remember_v final_o every_o person_n shall_v sue_v forth_o his_o patent_n for_o his_o livery_n within_o three_o month_n next_o after_o the_o assignment_n of_o his_o bill_n or_o else_o his_o bill_n assign_v to_o be_v void_a and_o of_o none_o effect_n hereafter_o ensue_v the_o fee_n accustom_a of_o the_o general_n livery_n first_o to_o the_o clerk_n of_o the_o petty_a bog_n for_o the_o respect_n of_o homage_n and_o fealty_n the_o writing_n and_o inrol_v fourteen_o shilling_n two_o penny_n to_o the_o lord_n great_a chamberlain_n forty_o shilling_n to_o the_o master_n of_o the_o roll_n three_o pound_n to_o the_o clerk_n of_o the_o livery_n for_o write_v of_o the_o indenture_n and_o obligation_n twenty_o shilling_n beside_o council_n the_o fee_n of_o the_o special_a livery_n accustom_v to_o be_v pay_v by_o these_o follow_v that_o be_v to_o say_v for_o the_o signet_n three_o pound_v ten_o shilling_n for_o the_o privy_a seal_n thirty_o shilling_n for_o the_o great_a seal_n forty_o four_o shilling_n eight_o penny_n to_o the_o clerk_n of_o the_o petty-bogg_n forty_o shilling_n to_o the_o master_n of_o the_o livery_n clerk_n forty_o shilling_n for_o inrollment_n of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o indenture_n twelve_o shilling_n to_o the_o lord_n great_a chamberlain_n of_o england_n forty_o shilling_n for_o the_o writ_n of_o the_o allowance_n for_o the_o same_o livery_n ten_o shilling_n six_o penny_n and_o note_v you_o that_o sometime_o in_o special_a case_n the_o fee_n be_v more_o and_o sometime_o less_o as_o the_o case_n and_o matter_n do_v require_v hitherto_o have_v we_o brief_o touch_v all_o kind_n of_o knights-service_n and_o thing_n incident_a to_o the_o same_o now_o will_v we_o with_o like_a briefness_n declare_v the_o other_o kind_n of_o service_n which_o common_o be_v comprise_v under_o the_o general_a name_n of_o socage_n for_o all_o land_n or_o tenement_n either_o they_o be_v hold_v by_o knights-service_n or_o else_o by_o socage_n tenure_n or_o at_o least_o by_o the_o nature_n of_o socage_n tenure_n which_o in_o effect_n be_v all_o one_o wherefore_o first_o we_o shall_v define_v what_o socage_n be_v in_o the_o proper_a signification_n which_o do_v we_o shall_v peruse_v the_o other_o kind_n of_o service_n which_o be_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o socage_n tenure_n chap._n xxxiii_o socage_n socage_n be_v proper_o where_o the_o tenant_n be_v bind_v to_o come_v with_o his_o yoke_n that_o be_v be_v what_o socage_n tenure_n be_v with_o his_o blow_n to_o ear_n and_o sow_v a_o parcel_n of_o the_o demean_n land_n of_o his_o lord_n which_o service_n in_o ancient_a time_n be_v very_o common_a but_o now_o by_o the_o mutual_a consent_n both_o of_o the_o lord_n and_o the_o tenant_n it_o be_v convert_v for_o the_o most_o part_n into_o a_o yearly_a rent_n howbeit_o the_o name_n of_o socage_n abide_v still_o wherefore_o now_o all_o that_o be_v not_o knights-service_n be_v call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o socage_n so_o that_o if_o a_o man_n hold_v by_o fealty_n only_o or_o by_o fealty_n and_o homage_n for_o all_o manner_n of_o service_n it_o be_v but_o socage_n tenure_n for_o homage_n alone_o make_v not_o knights-service_n as_o i_o have_v say_v heretofore_o he_o hold_v in_o effect_n but_o by_o socage_n socage_n guardian_n in_o socage_n now_o where_o a_o man_n hold_v his_o land_n by_o socage_n and_o die_v his_o heir_n be_v within_o the_o age_n of_o fourteen_o year_n the_o lord_n shall_v not_o have_v the_o ward_n but_o the_o next_o of_o kin_n to_o the_o heir_n to_o who_o the_o heritage_n can_v descend_v shall_v have_v the_o title_n and_o wardship_n as_o well_o of_o the_o land_n as_o of_o the_o heir_n till_o the_o heir_n come_v to_o the_o age_n of_o fourteen_o year_n and_o such_o tutor_n or_o guardian_n be_v call_v guardian_n in_o socage_n and_o shall_v render_v account_n to_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o issue_n and_o profit_n that_o he_o have_v receive_v of_o the_o land_n during_o such_o time_n deduct_v his_o reasonable_a cost_v and_o expense_n so_o that_o he_o shall_v not_o have_v the_o wardship_n to_o his_o own_o use_n and_o profit_n as_o the_o lord_n which_o be_v guardian_n in_o chivalry_n have_v and_o in_o case_n the_o guardian_n in_o socage_n die_v before_o he_o have_v make_v his_o account_n the_o heir_n be_v without_o remedy_n because_o no_o writ_n of_o account_n lie_v against_o the_o executor_n but_o for_o the_o king_n only_o final_o you_o shall_v understand_v that_o when_o a_o tenant_n in_o socage_n die_v rent_n rent_n the_o lord_n of_o who_o the_o land_n be_v hold_v shall_v have_v relief_n that_o be_v to_o say_v distress_n distress_n the_o value_n of_o the_o rent_n that_o be_v yearly_a due_a unto_o he_o of_o the_o tenancy_n beside_o the_o yearly_a rent_n so_o that_o in_o effect_n after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o tenant_n he_o shall_v have_v of_o the_o heir_n two_o rent_n save_v that_o for_o the_o relief_n he_o may_v distrein_o forthwith_o but_o for_o the_o accustom_a rent_n he_o can_v distrein_o till_o the_o usual_a day_n of_o payment_n become_v chap._n xxxiv_o frankalmoign_a tenant_n in_o frankalmoign_a that_o be_v to_o say_v almoigne_z the_o first_o foundation_n of_o frank_n almoigne_z in_o free_a alm_n be_v where_o a_o bishop_n deane_n or_o any_o ecclesiastical_a person_n hold_v of_o his_o lord_n in_o pure_a and_o perpetual_a alm_n and_o such_o tenure_n begin_v first_o in_o old_a time_n after_o this_o manner_n when_o a_o man_n be_v seize_v in_o atient_a time_n of_o certain_a land_n or_o tenement_n in_o his_o demesne_fw-la as_o of_o fee_n and_o of_o the_o same_o tenement_n enfeoff_v a_o abbot_n and_o his_o covent_n or_o a_o pryer_n and_o his_o covent_n or_o any_o other_o person_n ecclesiastical_a as_o a_o dean_n of_o a_o college_n master_n of_o a_o hospital_n and_o such_o like_a to_o have_v and_o to_o hold_v the_o same_o land_n to_o they_o and_o to_o their_o successor_n for_o ever_o in_o pure_a and_o perpetual_a alm_n or_o in_o frank-alme_n in_o these_o two_o case_n the_o tenement_n shall_v be_v hold_v in_o frank-almoigne_a by_o force_n of_o which_o tenure_n they_o that_o hold_v in_o frank-almoigne_a after_o this_o sort_n be_v bind_v of_o right_n before_o god_n to_o make_v orison_n and_o prayer_n and_o to_o do_v other_o divine_a service_n for_o the_o soul_n of_o their_o granter_n and_o feoffor_n and_o for_o the_o soul_n of_o their_o heir_n which_o be_v dead_a fealty_n tenant_n in_o frank-almoigne_a shall_v do_v fealty_n and_o for_o the_o prosperous_a estate_n of_o they_o and_o their_o heir_n while_o they_o be_v alive_a and_o because_o of_o right_a they_o be_v bind_v to_o this_o divine_a service_n they_o be_v discharge_v by_o the_o law_n to_o do_v any_o other_o profane_a or_o corporal_a service_n as_o fealty_n or_o such_o like_a but_o nevertheless_o such_o as_o hold_v their_o tenement_n in_o frank-almoigne_a do_v omit_v and_o leave_v undo_v these_o divine_a service_n whereunto_o they_o be_v bind_v before_o god_n the_o lord_n can_v distrain_v they_o nor_o yet_o compel_v they_o by_o any_o other_o mean_n by_o the_o course_n of_o the_o common_a law_n but_o the_o only_a remedy_n be_v to_o complain_v of_o they_o to_o their_o ordinary_n who_o of_o right_a aught_o to_o compel_v such_o ecclesiastical_a person_n to_o do_v the_o divine_a service_n due_a as_o afore_o say_v but_o here_o you_o shall_v note_v service_n tenant_n by_o divine_a service_n that_o if_o a_o parson_n of_o a_o church_n or_o any_o other_o ecclesiastical_a person_n do_v before_o the_o statute_n of_o dissolution_n of_o abbey_n monastry_n etc._n etc._n hold_v of_o the_o lord_n by_o certain_a divine_a service_n to_o be_v do_v as_o to_o sing_v mass_n every_o friday_n or_o placebo_fw-la &_o dirige_fw-la or_o to_o find_v a_o priest_n to_o sing_v mass_n or_o to_o distribute_v in_o alm_n 100_o penny_n to_o a_o hundred_o man_n at_o such_o a_o day_n service_n distress_n for_o divine_a service_n in_o all_o these_o case_n if_o such_o divine_a service_n be_v undo_v the_o lord_n may_v very_o well_o distrain_v because_o the_o service_n be_v here_o put_v in_o certain_a now_o as_o i_o say_v before_o that_o if_o in_o old_a time_n a_o man_n do_v enfeoffe_v such_o ecclesiastiall_a person_n after_o such_o sort_n he_o shall_v hold_v his_o land_n in_o frank-almoigne_a but_o at_o this_o day_n it_o be_v otherwise_o for_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o estatute_n call_v quia_fw-la emptores_fw-la terrarum_fw-la westmin_fw-la 3._o cap._n 1._o no_o man_n can_v alien_a nor_o grant_v land_n or_o tenement_n in_o fee-simple_n to_o hold_v of_o himself_o so_o that_o now_o if_o a_o man_n be_v seize_v of_o land_n in_o fee-simple_n grant_v the_o same_o by_o licence_n to_o a_o ecclesiastical_a person_n in_o frank-almoigne_a these_o word_n frank-almoigne_a be_v void_a and_o the_o ecclesiastical_a person_n shall_v hold_v they_o immediate_o of_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o feoffer_n by_o the_o same_o service_n that_o
suffer_v the_o husband_n of_o such_o a_o wife_n to_o receive_v and_o keep_v still_o all_o his_o wife_n land_n that_o she_o have_v either_o in_o fee-simple_n or_o fee-tail_n so_o long_o as_o he_o live_v and_o this_o be_v by_o the_o courtesy_n and_o urbanity_n of_o england_n for_o this_o thing_n be_v use_v in_o none_o other_o country_n nor_o region_n but_o in_o this_o it_o be_v require_v that_o the_o child_n be_v vital_a that_o be_v to_o say_v be_v bear_v and_o bring_v forth_o into_o this_o world_n alive_a and_o therefore_o the_o common_a say_n be_v and_o have_v be_v that_o unless_o the_o child_n be_v hear_v cry_n the_o father_n shall_v not_o be_v tenant_n by_o the_o courtesy_n for_o the_o only_a proof_n and_o argument_n of_o life_n in_o a_o infant_n bear_v be_v the_o vagite_fw-la and_o cry_v you_o shall_v furthermore_o understand_v that_o unless_o the_o husband_n be_v in_o actual_a and_o real_a possession_n of_o his_o wife_n land_n and_o seize_v of_o they_o in_o her_o right_n he_o shall_v not_o be_v tenant_n by_o the_o courtesy_n after_o her_o death_n and_o therefore_o if_o land_n descend_v to_o a_o man_n wife_n so_o that_o she_o be_v tenant_n in_o the_o law_n and_o to_o every_o man_n action_n yet_o if_o the_o husband_n have_v not_o make_v a_o actual_a entry_n during_o coverture_n and_o matrimony_n between_o they_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v tenant_n by_o the_o courtesy_n for_o it_o shall_v be_v repute_v and_o judge_v his_o folly_n and_o negligence_n that_o he_o will_v not_o enter_v in_o her_o life_n time_n otherwise_o it_o be_v of_o advowsons_n rent_n commons_o and_o such_o other_o thing_n which_o forthwith_o when_o they_o descend_v be_v in_o man_n or_o in_o a_o woman_n without_o any_o entry_n or_o further_a ceremony_n in_o law_n note_v that_o if_o a_o tenant_n by_o the_o courtesy_n of_o england_n will_v suffer_v or_o make_v any_o waste_n in_o the_o land_n or_o tenement_n that_o he_o so_o hold_v he_o be_v punishable_a therefore_o by_o action_n of_o waste_n bring_v by_o he_o in_o the_o reversion_n also_o it_o be_v to_o be_v know_v that_o of_o thing_n that_o be_v in_o suspense_n a_o man_n shall_v not_o be_v tenant_n by_o the_o courtesy_n and_o therefore_o if_o a_o man_n be_v tenant_n in_o fee-simple_n of_o certain_a land_n and_o do_v intermarry_v with_o a_o woman_n that_o be_v the_o seignioress_n or_o lady_n of_o the_o same_o and_o have_v issue_n by_o she_o and_o she_o die_v yet_o shall_v he_o not_o be_v tenant_n by_o the_o courtesy_n of_o the_o lordship_n or_o seignory_n because_o himself_o be_v tenant_n of_o the_o land_n and_o therefore_o the_o lordship_n be_v suspend_v for_o the_o time_n for_o a_o man_n can_v be_v both_o lord_n and_o tenant_n of_o one_o thing_n but_o if_o he_o have_v not_o be_v tenant_n of_o land_n he_o shall_v have_v have_v the_o lordship_n after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o wife_n by_o the_o courtesy_n of_o england_n very_o well_o also_o note_n that_o of_o a_o right_n only_a a_o man_n shall_v not_o be_v tenant_n by_o the_o courtesy_n as_o if_o a_o woman_n sole_a seize_v in_o fee_n of_o land_n or_o tenement_n be_v disseize_v and_o after_o take_v a_o husband_n and_o they_o have_v issue_n and_o she_o die_v before_o any_o reentry_n be_v make_v the_o husband_n shall_v not_o be_v tenant_n by_o the_o courtesy_n note_v further_o that_o of_o a_o reversion_n a_o man_n shall_v not_o be_v tenant_n by_o the_o courtesy_n as_o if_o a_o woman_n sole_a seize_v of_o land_n in_o fee_n make_v a_o lease_n to_o s._n for_o term_n of_o life_n after_o take_v a_o husband_n and_o they_o have_v issue_n and_o she_o die_v live_v the_o lessee_n for_o term_v of_o life_n the_o husband_n shall_v not_o be_v tenant_n by_o the_o courtesy_n chap._n xi_o of_o tenant_n in_o dower_n tenant_n in_o dower_n be_v she_o that_o have_v be_v marry_v to_o a_o husband_n that_o be_v during_o the_o matrimony_n between_o they_o seize_v of_o land_n or_o tenement_n in_o fee-simple_n or_o fee-tail_n which_o be_v now_o dead_a and_o she_o seize_v of_o the_o three_o part_n of_o her_o husband_n say_v land_n for_o term_n of_o her_o life_n for_o by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o land_n law_n dower_n at_o the_o common_a law_n if_o the_o husband_n be_v at_o any_o time_n during_o the_o coverture_n seize_v lawful_o whether_o it_o be_v by_o purchase_n or_o by_o descent_n either_o in_o fee_n or_o in_o fee-tail_n and_o die_v his_o wife_n shall_v be_v endow_v by_o the_o course_n of_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o three_o foot_n custom_n dower_n by_o custom_n and_o in_o some_o place_n by_o a_o ancient_a custom_n she_o shall_v be_v endow_v of_o the_o moiety_n yea_o and_o though_o the_o husband_n be_v never_o seize_v actual_o during_o the_o coverture_n yet_o if_o the_o land_n be_v cast_v upon_o he_o by_o the_o law_n so_o that_o the_o law_n call_v he_o tenant_n to_o every_o man_n action_n it_o suffice_v the_o woman_n to_o demand_v her_o dower_n for_o it_o be_v unreasonable_a that_o the_o negligence_n and_o slackness_n of_o enter_v of_o the_o husband_n shall_v hurt_v the_o wife_n title_n otherwise_o it_o be_v as_o it_o be_v say_v before_o of_o tenant_n by_o the_o courtesy_n courtesy_n tenant_n by_o the_o courtesy_n for_o if_o land_n descend_v to_o a_o woman_n covert_n and_o the_o husband_n for_o slothfullness_n or_o negligence_n do_v not_o enter_v in_o his_o wife_n life_n he_o shall_v not_o be_v tenant_n by_o the_o courtesy_n for_o by_o all_o law_n the_o wife_n owe_v obedience_n and_o subjection_n to_o her_o husband_n and_o therefore_o she_o can_v compel_v he_o to_o enter_v but_o when_o land_n descend_v to_o the_o wife_n the_o husband_n only_o have_v power_n to_o enter_v at_o his_o pleasure_n and_o you_o shall_v understand_v that_o unless_o the_o wife_n be_v above_o the_o age_n of_o nine_o year_n at_o the_o time_n of_o her_o husband_n death_n she_o shall_v not_o be_v endow_v by_o the_o common_a law_n but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v know_v dower_n a_o woman_n shall_v have_v no_o dower_n that_o a_o woman_n may_v by_o divers_a way_n estoppe_v and_o prejudice_v herself_o of_o her_o dower_n as_o if_o she_o commit_v any_o crime_n for_o which_o she_o be_v attaint_v of_o treason_n murder_n or_o felony_n she_o shall_v have_v in_o this_o case_n no_o dower_n notwithstanding_o she_o have_v obtain_v her_o pardon_n allo_fw-la if_o after_o the_o death_n of_o her_o husband_n she_o take_v a_o lease_n for_o term_n of_o life_n of_o the_o same_o land_n whereof_o she_o be_v indowable_a she_o lose_v her_o dower_n of_o the_o same_o moreover_o if_o she_o depart_v from_o her_o husband_n and_o lie_v in_o adultery_n with_o another_o man_n and_o be_v not_o reconcile_v again_o to_o her_o husband_n without_o cohersion_n of_o the_o ecclesiastical_a power_n she_o lose_v her_o dower_n after_o her_o husband_n death_n she_o shall_v be_v also_o bar_v of_o her_o dower_n if_o she_o will_v withhold_v from_o the_o heir_n the_o charter_n and_o evidence_n concern_v that_o land_n whereof_o she_o ask_v dower_n but_o none_o other_o save_o the_o heir_n can_v withhold_v dower_n for_o this_o cause_n dower_n no_o dower_n it_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v unknown_a also_o of_o what_o thing_n she_o may_v demand_v dower_n and_o of_o what_o thing_n not_o of_o land_n message_n advowsons_n rent-charge_n rent-service_n or_o signory_n in_o gross_a or_o otherwise_o of_o villain_n of_o commons_o certain_a of_o estover_n certain_a of_o milles_n and_o office_n or_o of_o the_o profit_n of_o they_o she_o be_v dowable_a but_o of_o commons_o and_o estover_n saus_a number_n also_o of_o annuity_n of_o homage_n of_o thing_n of_o pleasure_n as_o of_o service_n of_o payment_n of_o rose_n and_o semblable_a she_o shall_v not_o be_v endow_v note_n note_n there_o be_v yet_o two_o other_o kind_n of_o dower_n patris_fw-la dowment_n ex_fw-la assensu_fw-la patris_fw-la the_o one_o be_v call_v dowment_n ex_fw-la assensu_fw-la patris_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o father_n and_o the_o other_o be_v call_v dowment_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr plus_fw-fr beale_fw-mi part_n that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o the_o fair_a part_n dowment_n ex_fw-la assensu_fw-la patris_fw-la be_v when_o the_o father_n be_v seize_v of_o land_n in_o fee_n simple_a and_o his_o son_n which_o be_v heir_n apparent_a indow_v his_o wife_n at_o the_o church_n door_n when_o he_o be_v espouse_v of_o parcel_n of_o his_o father_n land_n with_o the_o assent_n of_o his_o father_n in_o writing_n testify_v the_o same_o assent_n if_o in_o this_o case_n her_o husband_n die_v she_o may_v forthwith_o enter_v into_o the_o land_n so_o assign_v unto_o she_o without_o further_a procurement_n of_o process_n of_o law_n although_o the_o father_n of_o her_o say_a husband_n be_v yet_o alive_a and_o in_o actual_a possession_n of_o the_o land_n but_o if_o she_o thus_o do_v and_o
take_v she_o to_o this_o endowment_n at_o the_o church_n door_n she_o can_v have_v her_o dower_n also_o by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o three_o part_n of_o her_o husband_n land_n or_o any_o part_n or_o parcel_n of_o they_o howbeit_o if_o she_o will_v refuse_v this_o assignment_n make_v unto_o she_o at_o the_o church_n door_n and_o demand_v dower_n at_o the_o common_a law_n she_o may_v so_o do_v shall_fw-mi ry_o well_o a_o man_n may_v also_o endow_v his_o wife_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o espousal_n of_o his_o own_o land_n the_o which_o he_o have_v by_o his_o own_o possession_n and_o that_o dower_n be_v call_v dower_n ad_fw-la estium_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v at_o the_o church_n door_n ecclesiae_fw-la dowment_n ad_fw-la ostium_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la dowment_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr plus_fw-fr beale_fw-mi part_n part_n dowment_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr plus_fw-fr beale_fw-mi part_n that_o be_v to_o say_v dowment_n of_o the_o fair_a part_n shall_v be_v in_o this_o case_n when_o a_o man_n be_v seize_v of_o land_n which_o he_o hold_v of_o another_o man_n by_o knights-service_n and_o of_o other_o land_n which_o be_v of_o socage_n tenure_n and_o have_v issue_n which_o be_v within_o the_o age_n of_o fourteen_o year_n and_o die_v and_o the_o lord_n of_o who_o the_o land_n be_v hold_v by_o knight-service_n enter_v in_o the_o land_n hold_v of_o he_o and_o the_o mother_n of_o the_o child_n enter_v into_o socage_n tenure_n as_o guardian_n in_o socage_n if_o in_o this_o case_n the_o woman_n will_v bring_v a_o writ_n of_o dower_n against_o the_o lord_n which_o be_v guardian_n in_o chivalry_n he_o may_v plead_v the_o special_a matter_n and_o show_v how_o she_o be_v guardian_n in_o socage_n and_o have_v so_o much_o land_n and_o thereupon_o pay_v the_o court_n that_o she_o may_v be_v suffer_v to_o endow_v herself_o of_o so_o much_o land_n be_v in_o her_o own_o custody_n as_o amount_v to_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a land_n and_o then_o the_o judgement_n shall_v be_v that_o the_o guardian_n in_o chivalry_n shall_v retain_v the_o land_n hold_v of_o he_o quit_v from_o 〈◊〉_d woman_n during_o the_o nonage_n of_o the_o ward_n after_o which_o judgement_n and_o sentence_n give_v she_o may_v go_v and_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o her_o neighbour_n endow_v herself_o of_o the_o best_a part_n of_o that_o which_o be_v in_o her_o custody_n amount_v to_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a and_o then_o be_v she_o call_v tenant_n in_o dower_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr plus_fw-fr beale_n final_o you_o shall_v understand_v 8._o an._n 27._o h._n 8._o that_o by_o a_o statute_n make_v in_o the_o 27._o year_n of_o our_o most_o dread_a sovereign_a lord_n king_n henry_n the_o eight_o it_o be_v enact_v that_o where_o divers_a person_n have_v estate_n make_v to_o they_o and_o to_o their_o wife_n and_o to_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o husband_n or_o to_o the_o husband_n and_o wife_n and_o the_o heir_n of_o their_o two_o body_n beget_v or_o the_o heir_n of_o one_o of_o their_o body_n or_o for_o term_n of_o both_o or_o one_o of_o their_o life_n or_o any_o other_o person_n and_o their_o heir_n to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o husbrnd_v and_o wife_n or_o to_o the_o wife_n alone_o for_o her_o jointure_n in_o every_o such_o case_n the_o woman_n shall_v not_o be_v suffer_v to_o demand_v any_o dowry_n of_o the_o residue_n of_o her_o husband_n land_n of_o who_o she_o have_v jointure_n against_o any_o tenant_n of_o the_o land_n but_o in_o case_n she_o have_v no_o such_o jointure_n then_o may_v she_o demand_v her_o â—â—wrie_n after_o the_o course_n of_o the_o common_a law_n provide_v nevertheless_o that_o if_o such_o woman_n be_v lawful_o expulse_v from_o their_o jointure_n or_o any_o part_n thereof_o without_o fraud_n or_o covin_z then_o shall_v they_o be_v endow_v of_o the_o residue_n of_o their_o husband_n land_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o land_n shall_v amount_v unto_o out_o of_o which_o they_o be_v so_o expulse_v and_o put_v forth_o provide_v also_o that_o if_o land_n or_o tenement_n be_v assure_v to_o any_o woman_n after_o marriage_n for_o term_v of_o life_n or_o likewise_o in_o jointure_n except_o it_o be_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o the_o wife_n over-live_a she_o her_o husband_n in_o who_o time_n the_o jointure_n be_v make_v in_o this_o case_n the_o wife_n may_v refuse_v the_o land_n so_o appoint_v unto_o she_o in_o jointure_n and_o have_v her_o dower_n at_o the_o common_a law_n of_o such_o land_n as_o her_o husband_n be_v seize_v of_o at_o any_o time_n during_o the_o coverture_n also_o if_o the_o husband_n commit_v treason_n murder_n or_o felony_n for_o which_o he_o be_v attaint_v the_o wife_n shall_v not_o have_v her_o dower_n and_o note_v that_o if_o the_o husband_n enter_v into_o religion_n and_o be_v profess_v the_o heir_n shall_v enter_v into_o the_o land_n but_o the_o wife_n get_v no_o dower_n till_o the_o husband_n die_v m._n 32._o e._n 2._o and_o likewise_o if_o a_o man_n seize_v of_o land_n take_v a_o wife_n that_o be_v a_o alien_n bear_v and_o die_v she_o shall_v not_o be_v endow_v except_o she_o be_v make_v denizon_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n t._n 3._o h._n 6._o and_o note_v that_o where_o the_o wife_n bring_v a_o writ_n of_o dower_n and_o recover_v her_o right_n she_o shall_v recover_v no_o damage_n but_o where_o her_o husband_n die_v seize_v of_o the_o land_n recover_v chap._n xii_o a_o division_n of_o inheritance_n hitherto_o have_v i_o speak_v of_o freehold_n damage_n damage_n now_o it_o remain_v to_o treat_v of_o inheritance_n not_o the_o inheritance_n that_o be_v no_o freehold_n for_o they_o be_v freehold_n also_o but_o the_o other_o estate_n of_o which_o i_o have_v hitherto_o treat_v be_v only_o freehold_n and_o of_o no_o high_a nature_n whereas_o a_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n although_o it_o be_v a_o free_a hold_n indeed_o yet_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v call_v by_o name_n since_o it_o be_v after_o more_o excellent_a and_o great_a estate_n but_o you_o shall_v understand_v that_o of_o inheritance_n some_o be_v of_o more_o amplitude_n and_o excellent_a than_o other_o some_o be_v as_o that_o inheritance_n which_o be_v pure_a simple_a and_o without_o limitation_n of_o what_o heir_n which_o kind_n of_o inheritance_n be_v call_v fee-simple_n but_o when_o i_o make_v a_o limitation_n of_o what_o heir_n than_o it_o be_v call_v fee-tail_n and_o of_o which_o also_o be_v two_o sort_n as_o hereafter_o more_o at_o large_a shall_v be_v declare_v now_o therefore_o the_o nature_n of_o fee-simple_n be_v set_v forth_o with_o our_o accustom_a compendiousness_n chap._n xiii_o of_o fee-simple_n fee-simple_a be_v as_o i_o say_v the_o most_o ample_a and_o large_a inheritance_n that_o can_v be_v in_o this_o realm_n devise_v or_o invent_v fee-simple_n fee-simple_n it_o be_v that_o which_o a_o man_n have_v to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n simple_a without_o any_o further_a limitation_n for_o whether_o they_o be_v of_o his_o own_o body_n beget_v or_o not_o so_o that_o they_o be_v the_o next_o of_o his_o kin_n and_o within_o the_o degree_n it_o suffice_v so_o then_o tenant_n in_o fee-simple_n be_v he_o that_o have_v land_n or_o tenement_n whether_o it_o be_v by_o purchase_n or_o by_o descent_n to_o he_o and_o to_o his_o heir_n and_o assign_v for_o ever_o for_o if_o a_o man_n will_v purchase_v land_n in_o fee-simple_n he_o must_v needs_o have_v these_o word_n his_o heir_n in_o his_o purchase_n for_o these_o be_v the_o only_a word_n that_o make_v the_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n therefore_o if_o land_n be_v give_v to_o a_o man_n for_o ever_o and_o no_o mention_n be_v make_v of_o his_o heir_n he_o have_v a_o estate_n but_o for_o term_n of_o his_o life_n because_o these_o word_n his_o heir_n do_v lack_v yet_o nevertheless_o if_o a_o man_n by_o his_o testament_n do_v devise_v land_n to_o another_o in_o such_o place_n or_o case_n where_o the_o custom_n or_o law_n will_v serve_v so_o to_o do_v although_o he_o make_v no_o mention_n of_o heir_n but_o say_v that_o he_o bequeath_v to_o such_o a_o person_n such_o land_n to_o have_v and_o to_o hold_v to_o he_o and_o to_o his_o assign_n for_o evermore_o here_o a_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n do_v pass_v for_o in_o testament_n the_o will_n and_o intent_n of_o the_o testator_n be_v to_o be_v ponder_v and_o not_o the_o formal_a and_o prescript_n word_n of_o the_o law_n also_o these_o term_n in_o the_o law_n frankmarriage_n and_o frank_a almoigne_z that_o be_v to_o say_v free_a marriage_n and_o free_a alm_n do_v include_v in_o the_o word_n of_o inheritance_n and_o therefore_o if_o i_o give_v land_n to_o a_o man_n with_o my_o daughter_n in_o frank_a marriage_n without_o further_a addition_n or_o mention_n of_o heir_n this_o be_v a_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n as_o shall_v be_v declare_v
the_o husband_n and_o his_o heir_n shall_v have_v the_o rent_n of_o they_o in_o the_o remainder_n etc._n etc._n and_o in_o this_o case_n there_o need_v no_o atturnment_n by_o word_n because_o the_o husband_n that_o ought_v to_o atturn_n accept_v the_o grant_n of_o the_o service_n the_o which_o acceptance_n be_v a_o atturnment_n in_o the_o law_n chap._n xxiv_o of_o service_n hitherunto_o have_v i_o brief_o touch_v and_o overrun_v the_o sundry_a kind_n and_o form_n of_o estate_n now_o forasmuch_o as_o there_o be_v no_o tenure_n but_o have_v unto_o it_o some_o service_n knit_v and_o annex_v it_o be_v very_o necessary_a to_o declare_v how_o many_o kind_n of_o service_n there_o be_v and_o what_o service_n be_v due_a to_o every_o tenure_n for_o the_o knowledge_n hereof_o you_o shall_v understand_v that_o the_o principal_a and_o most_o common_a kind_n of_o service_n that_o the_o tenant_n owe_v to_o his_o lord_n be_v call_v knights-service_n chap._n xxv_o knights-service_n knights-service_n include_v homage_n fealty_n and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n escuage_z and_o whosoever_o hold_v his_o land_n by_o knights-service_n be_v bind_v by_o the_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n to_o do_v unto_o his_o lord_n homage_n and_o fealty_n and_o to_o pay_v for_o the_o most_o part_n escuage_z when_o it_o shall_v be_v assess_v by_o authority_n of_o parliament_n as_o hereafter_o more_o plain_o shall_v be_v declare_v homage_n be_v the_o most_o humble_a and_o reverend_a service_n that_o a_o man_n of_o free_a estate_n and_o condition_n can_v do_v for_o when_o the_o tenant_n shall_v do_v homage_n to_o his_o lord_n the_o lord_n shall_v sit_v homage_n homage_n and_o the_o tenant_n then_o shall_v kneel_v down_o before_o he_o upon_o both_o knee_n hold_v his_o hand_n between_o his_o lord_n hand_n and_o say_v in_o this_o wise_a i_o become_v your_o man_n from_o this_o day_n forward_o of_o life_n and_o of_o member_n and_o of_o earthly_a honour_n homage_n how_o the_o tenant_n shall_v do_v homage_n and_o to_o you_o shall_v be_v faithful_a and_o true_a and_o faith_n to_o you_o shall_v bear_v for_o the_o land_n that_o i_o claim_v to_o hold_v of_o you_o save_v the_o faith_n that_o i_o bear_v unto_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n and_o then_o the_o lord_n so_o sit_v shall_v kiss_v he_o but_o if_o a_o ecclesiastical_a person_n which_o by_o his_o order_n and_o profession_n have_v addict_v himself_o to_o the_o service_n of_o god_n in_o especial_a homage_n what_o a_o religious_a person_n say_v when_o she_o do_v homage_n and_o do_v homage_n to_o his_o lord_n he_o shall_v say_v i_o do_v to_o you_o homage_n and_o shall_v be_v to_o you_o faithful_a and_o true_a and_o faith_n to_o you_o shall_v bear_v for_o the_o tenement_n that_o i_o hold_v of_o you_o save_v the_o faith_n which_o i_o owe_v unto_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n also_o when_o a_o woman_n not_o marry_v do_v homage_n to_o her_o lord_n say_v what_o a_o woman_n shall_v say_v she_o shall_v not_o say_v i_o become_v your_o woman_n for_o it_o be_v not_o convenient_a that_o a_o woman_n shall_v be_v the_o woman_n of_o any_o other_o then_o of_o her_o husband_n that_o she_o shall_v marry_v but_o shall_v say_v even_o as_o the_o ecclesiastical_a person_n say_v i_o do_v unto_o you_o homage_n etc._n etc._n and_o if_o perchance_o a_o man_n hold_v sundry_a land_n and_o tenement_n of_o sundry_a lord_n and_o every_o of_o they_o by_o knights-service_n then_o in_o the_o end_n of_o his_o homage_n make_v he_o shall_v say_v save_v the_o faith_n that_o i_o owe_v to_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n and_o to_o my_o other_o lord_n and_o none_o be_v bind_v to_o do_v homage_n to_o the_o lord_n unless_o it_o be_v such_o tenant_n as_o have_v in_o the_o tenancy_n a_o estate_n of_o fee-simple_n or_o fee-tail_n either_o in_o his_o own_o right_n or_o in_o the_o right_n of_o another_o for_o if_o a_o woman_n have_v land_n or_o tenement_n in_o fee-simple_n or_o fee-tail_n homage_n what_o tenant_n shall_v do_v homage_n which_o she_o hold_v of_o her_o lord_n by_o knight_n service_n and_o take_v a_o husband_n and_o have_v issue_n in_o this_o case_n the_o husband_n in_o the_o life_n of_o his_o wife_n shall_v do_v homage_n because_o he_o have_v title_n to_o have_v the_o land_n by_o the_o courtesy_n of_o england_n if_o he_o overlive_v she_o and_o also_o he_o hold_v they_o now_o in_o his_o wife_n right_a yet_o before_o issue_n have_v between_o they_o the_o homage_n shall_v be_v make_v in_o both_o their_o name_n but_o if_o the_o woman_n die_v before_o any_o homage_n make_v in_o her_o life_n and_o the_o husband_n keep_v still_o the_o land_n as_o tenant_n by_o the_o courtesy_n now_o he_o shall_v not_o do_v homage_n to_o his_o lord_n because_o he_o have_v now_o a_o estate_n but_o for_o term_n of_o life_n fealty_n be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v as_o fidelity_n fealty_n fealty_n or_o faithfulness_n in_o do_v whereof_o the_o tenant_n shall_v hold_v his_o hand_n upon_o a_o book_n and_o say_v thus_o fealty_n how_o a_o tenant_n shall_v do_v fealty_n hear_v you_o this_o my_o lord_n i_o to_o you_o shall_v be_v faithful_a and_o true_a and_o faith_n to_o you_o shall_v bear_v for_o the_o land_n and_o tenement_n which_o i_o claim_v to_o hold_v of_o you_o and_o due_o shall_v do_v to_o you_o the_o custom_n and_o service_n which_o i_o owe_v to_o do_v to_o you_o at_o the_o term_n assign_v as_o i_o help_v god_n and_o then_o he_o shall_v kiss_v the_o book_n but_o he_o shall_v not_o kneel_v as_o he_o that_o do_v homage_n nor_o do_v such_o humble_a or_o reverend_a service_n as_o be_v before_o declare_v in_o homage_n and_o you_o shall_v observe_v that_o homage_n can_v be_v do_v but_o to_o the_o lord_n himself_o fealty_n diversity_n between_o homage_n and_o fealty_n whereas_o the_o steward_n of_o the_o lord_n court_n or_o the_o bailiff_n may_v take_v fealty_n for_o the_o lord_n also_o tenant_n for_o term_n of_o life_n shall_v do_v fealty_n but_o homage_n as_o i_o say_v he_o can_v do_v now_o as_o concern_v escuage_z that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o service_n of_o the_o shield_n you_o shall_v understand_v that_o he_o that_o hold_v his_o land_n by_o escuage_z when_o the_o king_n make_v a_o voyage_n royal_a into_o scotland_n for_o the_o subdue_a of_o the_o scot_n be_v bind_v to_o be_v with_o the_o king_n majesty_n by_o the_o space_n of_o twenty_o day_n well_o and_o convenient_o array_v and_o appoint_v for_o the_o war_n and_o he_o that_o hold_v his_o land_n but_o by_o the_o moiety_n of_o the_o fee_n of_o knight_n service_n be_v bind_v by_o the_o force_n of_o his_o tenure_n to_o be_v with_o the_o king_n by_o space_n of_o twenty_o day_n and_o so_o proportionable_o according_a to_o the_o rate_n and_o quantity_n of_o his_o tenure_n but_o now_o to_o our_o institute_n and_o purpose_n after_o this_o voyage_n royal_a into_o scotland_n in_o which_o the_o king_n go_v in_o person_n and_o after_o his_o return_n into_o england_n again_o a_o parliament_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v summon_v in_o which_o shall_v be_v prescribe_v and_o assess_v what_o every_o person_n that_o hold_v his_o land_n by_o homage_n and_o go_v not_o with_o the_o king_n neither_o by_o himself_o nor_o by_o his_o deputy_n shall_v pay_v to_o his_o lord_n in_o satisfaction_n of_o his_o not_o serve_v and_o according_a to_o the_o taxation_n hereof_o every_o tenant_n shall_v pay_v to_o his_o immediate_a lord_n whether_o it_o be_v to_o the_o king_n or_o other_o after_o the_o rate_n and_o portion_n of_o his_o tenure_n if_o he_o hold_v by_o a_o whole_a fee_n he_o shall_v pay_v the_o whole_a escuage_z if_o by_o a_o moiety_n the_o half_a if_o by_o a_o four_o part_n of_o a_o fee_n the_o four_o part_n etc._n etc._n and_o this_o money_n thus_o assess_v be_v call_v scutage_n or_o escuage_z for_o which_o the_o lord_n to_o who_o it_o be_v due_a may_v very_o well_o for_o the_o nonpayment_n thereof_o distrein_o but_o here_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o some_o tenant_n by_o custom_n use_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n escuage_z distress_n of_o escuage_z be_v bind_v to_o pay_v but_o the_o moiety_n or_o the_o three_o part_n of_o that_o which_o shall_v be_v assess_v and_o limit_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n yea_o certain_z escuage_z certain_z and_o the_o custom_n be_v in_o some_o place_n that_o to_o what_o sum_n of_o money_n soever_o escuage_z be_v assess_v the_o tenant_n shall_v pay_v never_o but_o such_o a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n and_o this_o kind_n of_o escuage_z be_v called_z escuage_z certain_z that_o be_v to_o say_v where_o escuage_z be_v assess_v by_o the_o parliament_n to_o a_o more_o or_o less_o sum_n the_o tenant_n to_o pay_v to_o the_o lord_n five_o shilling_n and_o no_o more_o nor_o no_o less_o etc._n etc._n such_o a_o tenure_n be_v call_v socage_n tenure_n and_o
the_o feoffer_n hold_v so_o that_o no_o man_n can_v hold_v in_o frank-almoigne_a but_o by_o force_n of_o a_o grant_v make_v before_o the_o say_a statute_n only_o the_o king_n majesty_n except_v for_o he_o be_v out_o of_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o statute_n final_o you_o shall_v note_v that_o whereas_o a_o man_n shall_v hold_v in_o frank-almoigne_a his_o lord_n be_v bind_v by_o the_o law_n to_o acquit_v he_o of_o all_o manner_n of_o service_n that_o any_o other_o lord_n can_v have_v or_o demand_v out_o of_o the_o say_a land_n so_o that_o if_o he_o do_v not_o acquit_v he_o but_o suffer_v he_o to_o be_v distrain_v than_o he_o shall_v have_v against_o his_o lord_n a_o certain_a writ_n call_v a_o writ_n of_o mesne_n mesne_n write_v of_o mesne_n and_o shall_v recover_v against_o he_o his_o damage_n and_o cost_n of_o his_o suit_n chap._n xxxv_o of_o burgage_n a_o tenure_n in_o burgage_n be_v where_o a_o ancient_a borough_n be_v of_o which_o the_o king_n his_o lord_n and_o they_o which_o have_v tenement_n within_o the_o same_o borough_n tenure_n socage_n tenure_n hold_v the_o same_o of_o the_o king_n pay_v a_o certain_a yearly_o rend_v which_o tenure_n in_o effect_n be_v but_o socage_n tenure_n likewise_o it_o be_v whereas_o any_o other_o lord_n spiritual_a or_o temporal_a be_v lord_n of_o such_o borough_n here_o you_o shall_v note_v custom_n custom_n that_o for_o the_o most_o part_n such_o ancient_a borough_n and_o town_n have_v divers_a custom_n and_o usage_n which_o other_o town_n have_v not_o for_o some_o borough_n have_v a_o custom_n that_o the_o young_a son_n shall_v inherit_v before_o the_o elder_a which_o custom_n be_v common_o call_v borough_n english_a custom_n dower_n by_o custom_n also_o in_o some_o borough_n by_o the_o custom_n the_o woman_n shall_v have_v for_o her_o dowry_n all_o the_o land_n and_o tenement_n whereof_o her_o husband_n be_v seize_v at_o any_o time_n during_o the_o matrimony_n and_o coverture_n moreover_o borough_n devise_v by_o custom_n of_o borough_n in_o some_o borough_n a_o man_n may_v bequeath_v or_o devise_v his_o land_n or_o tenement_n by_o testament_n at_o the_o time_n of_o his_o death_n and_o by_o force_n of_o such_o devise_n or_o legacy_n he_o to_o who_o the_o bepuest_n be_v make_v after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o testator_n which_o make_v such_o testament_n may_v by_o force_n of_o this_o ancient_a custom_n enter_v into_o the_o land_n so_o to_o he_o bequeath_v or_o devise_v without_o any_o livery_n of_o seisin_n to_o he_o make_v or_o further_a ceremony_n of_o law_n howbeit_o how_o and_o in_o what_o manner_n a_o man_n may_v at_o this_o day_n devise_v his_o land_n by_o his_o last_o will_n and_o testament_n by_o force_n of_o a_o certain_a new_a statute_n it_o shall_v be_v hereafter_o declare_v divers_a other_o custom_n in_o england_n there_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o course_n of_o the_o common_a law_n which_o if_o they_o be_v any_o thing_n probable_a and_o may_v stand_v with_o reason_n be_v good_a and_o effectual_a notwithstanding_o they_o be_v against_o the_o common_a law_n and_o note_v that_o no_o custom_n be_v allowable_a but_o such_o custom_n as_o have_v be_v use_v by_o title_n of_o prescription_n or_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n chap._n xxxvi_o of_o villinage_n or_o bond_n service_n a_o tenant_n in_o villinage_n be_v proper_o when_o a_o villain_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o bondman_n hold_v of_o his_o lord_n who_o bondman_n he_o be_v certain_a land_n or_o tenement_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n or_o otherwise_o at_o the_o will_n of_o his_o lord_n and_o to_o do_v his_o lord_n villain_n service_n as_o for_o to_o bear_v and_o carry_v the_o dung_n of_o his_o lord_n out_o of_o the_o city_n or_o out_o of_o his_o lord_n manor_n and_o to_o lay_v it_o upon_o the_o demean_v land_n of_o the_o lord_n or_o to_o do_v such_o like_a service_n and_o villainy_n service_n howbeit_o freeman_n in_o some_o place_n hold_v their_o tenement_n and_o land_n of_o their_o lord_n by_o custom_n by_o such_o sort_n of_o service_n and_o their_o tenure_n be_v call_v tenure_n in_o villinage_n and_o yet_o they_o themselves_o be_v no_o villain_n nor_o of_o servile_a condition_n but_o freeman_n for_o the_o land_n hold_v in_o villinage_n make_v not_o the_o tenant_n a_o villain_n but_o contrariwise_o a_o villain_n may_v make_v free_a land_n to_o be_v villain_n land_n unto_o his_o lord_n as_o if_o a_o villain_n purchase_v land_n in_o fee-simple_n or_o fee-tayl_n the_o lord_n of_o the_o villain_n may_v enter_v into_o the_o land_n so_o purchase_v by_o his_o bondman_n and_o put_v he_o and_o his_o heir_n out_o for_o ever_o and_o this_o do_v the_o lord_n if_o he_o will_v may_v lease_n the_o same_o land_n to_o his_o villain_n to_o hold_v of_o he_o in_o villeinage_n and_o here_o you_o shall_v understand_v that_o servitude_n or_o villeinage_n be_v the_o ordinance_n not_o of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o of_o that_o law_n which_o be_v call_v jus_o gentium_fw-la by_o which_o a_o man_n be_v make_v subject_a contrary_n to_o nature_n unto_o another_o man_n dominion_n for_o he_o that_o be_v a_o villain_n or_o bondman_n either_o he_o be_v so_o by_o title_n of_o prescription_n that_o be_v to_o say_v he_o and_o his_o ancestor_n have_v be_v villain_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n or_o else_o he_o be_v a_o villain_n by_o his_o own_o confession_n in_o some_o court_n of_o record_n so_o that_o all_o villain_n either_o they_o be_v bear_v villain_n or_o else_o they_o be_v make_v so_o they_o be_v bear_v villain_n when_o their_o father_n be_v a_o bondman_n himself_o beget_v they_o in_o lawful_a wedlock_n either_o of_o a_o free_a woman_n or_o of_o a_o bond_n woman_n for_o so_o that_o the_o father_n be_v bond_n the_o issue_n of_o he_o lawful_o beget_v must_v needs_o be_v bond_n by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n have_v no_o regard_n to_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o mother_n whereas_o in_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o the_o roman_n it_o be_v clean_a contrary_n for_o there_o pars_fw-la sequitur_fw-la ventrem_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o servitude_n or_o bondage_n of_o the_o mother_n make_v the_o child_n bond_n and_o not_o the_o bondage_n of_o the_o father_n bastard_n bastard_n howbeit_o the_o bastard_n son_n of_o a_o bond_n man_n shall_v not_o be_v bond_n and_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o a_o bastard_n be_v nullius_fw-la filius_fw-la in_o the_o law_n that_o be_v to_o say_v no_o man_n son_n they_o be_v make_v bondman_n or_o villain_n two_o way_n either_o by_o their_o own_o proper_a act_n as_o when_o a_o free_a person_n be_v of_o full_a age_n will_v come_v into_o a_o court_n of_o record_n and_o there_o confess_v himself_o bond_n to_o another_o man_n or_o else_o by_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n call_v jus_o gentium_fw-la as_o when_o a_o man_n be_v take_v prisoner_n in_o war_n and_o be_v compel_v to_o serve_v and_o become_v the_o thrall_n and_o bond_n man_n of_o he_o that_o take_v he_o the_o law_n call_v such_o a_o person_n a_o villain_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o slave_n and_o thrall_n and_o you_o shall_v note_v villain_n definition_n of_o villain_n that_o villain_n be_v proper_o call_v in_o latin_a servi_n because_o that_o when_o they_o be_v take_v in_o war_n the_o captain_n be_v wont_a not_o to_o kill_v they_o but_o to_o sell_v they_o and_o so_o to_o save_v their_o life_n so_o that_o they_o be_v call_v servi_n a_o servendo_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o serve_v they_o be_v call_v mancipia_fw-la a_o manu_fw-la capiendo_fw-la because_o they_o be_v take_v by_o hand_n and_o power_n of_o their_o enemy_n now_o as_o i_o say_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n we_o be_v all_o bear_v free_a but_o after_o that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o of_o gentility_n servitude_n or_o bodage_n do_v press_v and_o invade_v the_o world_n than_o ensue_v the_o bene-of_a manumission_n manumission_n be_v quasi_fw-la de_fw-la manu_fw-la emissio_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v manumission_n manumission_n a_o giving_z out_o of_o the_o hand_n or_o power_n for_o so_o long_o as_o a_o man_n be_v in_o bondage_n and_o servitude_n he_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o hand_n and_o power_n of_o another_o and_o when_o he_o be_v manumiss_a he_o be_v make_v free_a and_o deliver_v from_o the_o say_a power_n so_o that_o a_o manumission_n be_v to_o say_v a_o write_v testify_v that_o the_o lord_n have_v enfranchise_v his_o villain_n and_o all_o his_o offspring_n and_o sequel_n also_o if_o the_o lord_n make_v to_o his_o bondman_n a_o obligation_n of_o a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n law_n what_o act_n make_v manumission_n in_o law_n or_o grant_v to_o he_o by_o his_o deed_n a_o annuity_n or_o yearly_a pension_n or_o lease_v to_o he_o by_o deed_n land_n or_o tenement_n for_o term_n of_o year_n any_o of_o these_o act_n do_v employ_v a_o enfranchisement_n likewise_o if_o
the_o lord_n make_v a_o feoffment_n to_o his_o villain_n and_o make_v unto_o he_o livery_n of_o seisin_n this_o also_o be_v a_o enfranchisement_n and_o secret_a manumission_n brief_o to_o speak_v wheresoever_o the_o lord_n compel_v his_o villain_n by_o the_o course_n of_o the_o law_n infranchisem_n cause_n of_o infranchisem_n to_o do_v that_o thing_n that_o he_o may_v otherwise_o enforce_v he_o to_o do_v or_o to_o suffer_v without_o the_o authority_n and_o compulsion_n of_o the_o law_n he_o do_v by_o implication_n enfranchise_v his_o villain_n as_o if_o the_o lord_n will_v bring_v against_o his_o villain_n a_o action_n of_o debt_n a_o action_n of_o account_n of_o covenant_n or_o of_o trespass_n these_o and_o such_o like_v be_v in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o law_n enfranchisment_n and_o manumission_n because_o that_o the_o lord_n in_o all_o these_o case_n may_v have_v the_o effect_n and_o purpose_n of_o his_o suit_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o good_n chattel_n and_o correction_n of_o his_o bondman_n without_o the_o compulsion_n of_o that_o law_n even_o by_o his_o own_o proper_a power_n and_o authority_n which_o he_o have_v upon_o his_o villain_n but_o if_o the_o lord_n do_v sue_v his_o villain_n by_o a_o appea_n of_o felony_n the_o villain_n be_v lawful_o indict_v of_o the_o same_o before_o this_o be_v no_o tacit_a manumission_n or_o enfranchisement_n for_o the_o lord_n though_o he_o have_v power_n to_o beat_v his_o villain_n and_o to_o spoil_v he_o of_o his_o good_n yet_o he_o can_v by_o the_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n put_v he_o to_o death_n you_o shall_v also_o understand_v that_o if_o a_o man_n bondman_n purchase_v land_n or_o acquit_v and_o get_v unto_o he_o any_o other_o thing_n the_o lord_n may_v forthwith_o enter_v and_o seize_v the_o same_o into_o his_o own_o hand_n wherefore_o if_o the_o lord_n will_v bring_v against_o his_o villain_n a_o praecipe_fw-la quod_fw-la reddat_fw-la by_o which_o he_o demand_v against_o his_o villain_n any_o land_n or_o tenement_n this_o impli_v a_o enfranchisement_n for_o as_o much_o as_o he_o bind_v himself_o to_o the_o prescript_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o law_n whereas_o he_o may_v use_v his_o own_o authority_n by_o enter_v and_o seize_v the_o say_a land_n final_o you_o shall_v mark_v that_o some_o villain_n be_v call_v villain_n in_o gross_a and_o other_o some_o be_v call_v villain_n regardant_a in_o gross_a be_v they_o of_o which_o the_o lord_n be_v several_o seize_v and_o not_o by_o reason_n of_o any_o lordship_n or_o manor_n but_o they_o be_v call_v regardant_a which_o do_v belong_v to_o a_o manor_n of_o which_o the_o lord_n be_v seize_v and_o the_o say_a villain_n have_v be_v regardant_a that_o be_v to_o say_v exspectant_fw-la and_o attendant_a time_n out_o of_o mind_n to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o say_a manor_n in_o do_v unto_o he_o such_o service_n as_o to_o a_o villain_n appertain_v chap._n xxxvii_o of_o ancient_a demesne_n there_o be_v also_o a_o certain_a kind_n of_o tenure_n which_o be_v call_v ancient_a demesne_n and_o these_o tenant_n which_o hold_v by_o their_o service_n be_v fee-holders_n and_o by_o charter_n and_o not_o by_o copy_n or_o court-roll_n or_o by_o the_o verge_n after_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o these_o tenant_n be_v such_o as_o hold_v of_o those_o manor_n which_o be_v s._n edward_n the_o king_n or_o which_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o king_n william_n the_o conqueror_n and_o these_o manor_n be_v call_v the_o ancient_a demesne_n of_o the_o king_n or_o the_o ancient_a demesne_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o to_o such_o tenant_n which_o hold_v of_o such_o manor_n be_v many_o and_o divers_a liberty_n give_v and_o grant_v by_o the_o law_n as_o to_o be_v quit_v of_o tolé_fw-fr and_o passage_n and_o such_o like_a imposition_n which_o be_v demand_v of_o man_n for_o their_o good_n and_o chattel_n sell_v or_o buy_v in_o fair_n and_o market_n by_o they_o also_o to_o be_v quit_v and_o free_a of_o tax_n and_o tollage_n grant_v by_o parliament_n except_o that_o the_o king_n majesty_n do_v tax_n ancient_a demesne_n as_o to_o he_o only_o appertain_v when_o he_o think_v good_a for_o great_a and_o urgent_a consideration_n tenant_n also_o of_o ancient_a demesne_n aught_o to_o be_v quit_v of_o payment_n to_o the_o expense_n and_o charge_n of_o the_o knight_n which_o come_v to_o the_o parliament_n also_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v empanel_v nor_o put_v in_o jury_n and_o inquest_n in_o the_o county_n out_o of_o their_o manor_n or_o seignory_n of_o ancient_a demesne_n for_o the_o land_n which_o they_o hold_v of_o such_o manor_n unless_o they_o have_v other_o land_n at_o the_o common_a law_n for_o which_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v charge_v and_o if_o such_o tenant_n or_o any_o of_o they_o which_o hold_v of_o the_o manor_n of_o ancient_a demesne_n bedistrein_v to_o do_v unto_o their_o lord_n other_o service_n or_o custom_n than_o they_o or_o their_o ancestor_n have_v use_v to_o do_v monstraverunt_fw-la write_v of_o monstraverunt_fw-la then_o may_v they_o sue_v a_o certain_a writ_n call_v a_o monstraverunt_fw-la direct_v to_o the_o lord_n command_v he_o that_o he_o distrein_o they_o not_o for_o to_o do_v other_o service_n or_o custom_n than_o they_o have_v be_v accustom_v to_o do_v and_o for_o further_a knowledge_n hereof_o you_o shall_v understand_v that_o in_o the_o exchequer_n there_o be_v a_o book_n call_v doomsday_n which_o book_n be_v make_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o say_v s._n edward_n and_o all_o the_o land_n that_o be_v in_o the_o seisin_n and_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o say_v s._n edward_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o make_n of_o the_o say_a book_n by_o ancient_a demean_v but_o the_o land_n which_o then_o be_v in_o other_o man_n hand_n frankfee_n frankfee_n though_o they_o be_v write_v in_o the_o say_a book_n be_v frank_a fee_fw-mi and_o no_o ancient_a demesne_n final_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o tenant_n of_o ancient_a demesne_n shall_v not_o be_v implead_v for_o their_o say_a land_n out_o of_o the_o manor_n whereof_o they_o so_o hold_v and_o if_o they_o be_v writ_n abatement_n of_o writ_n they_o may_v show_v the_o matter_n and_o abate_v the_o writ_n but_o if_o they_o once_o answer_v to_o the_o writ_n and_o judgement_n give_v than_o the_o land_n have_v lose_v the_o nature_n and_o benefit_n of_o ancient_a demesne_n and_o be_v become_v frank_a fee_n that_o be_v to_o say_v pleadable_a at_o the_o common_a law_n for_o evermore_o and_o thus_o have_v we_o speak_v of_o the_o diversity_n of_o tenor_n chap._n xxxviii_o of_o rent_n for_o as_o much_o as_o upon_o every_o tenure_n there_o be_v common_o reserve_v one_o rent_n or_o other_o therefore_o i_o think_v it_o good_a somewhat_o to_o treat_v of_o rent_n but_o you_o must_v understand_v that_o there_o be_v sundry_a sort_n of_o rent_n there_o be_v one_o kind_a of_o rent_n which_o be_v call_v rent-service_n rent-service_n division_n of_o rent-service_n another_o which_o be_v call_v charge_n and_o the_o three_o which_o be_v name_v in_o french_a rent_n sack_n that_o be_v to_o say_v in_o latin_a redditus_fw-la siccus_fw-la a_o dry_a rent_n now_o rent-service_n be_v so_o call_v because_o it_o be_v knit_v to_o the_o tenure_n and_o be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o service_n whereby_o a_o man_n hold_v his_o land_n or_o tenement_n or_o at_o the_o least_o way_n when_o the_o rent_n be_v unseverable_o couple_v and_o knit_v with_o the_o service_n as_o for_o a_o example_n where_o the_o tenant_n hold_v his_o land_n of_o the_o king_n or_o of_o any_o other_o lord_n by_o fealty_n and_o by_o certain_a rent_n or_o by_o any_o other_o sort_n of_o service_n and_o by_o certain_a rent_n this_o rent_n be_v call_v rent-service_n right_n distress_n of_o common_a right_n and_o here_o you_o shall_v note_v that_o if_o this_o rent-service_n be_v at_o any_o time_n when_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v pay_v behind_o and_o unpaid_a the_o lord_n of_o who_o the_o land_n or_o tenement_n be_v so_o hold_v whether_o it_o be_v in_o fee-simple_n fee-tayl_n for_o term_v of_o life_n for_o year_n or_o at_o will_n may_v of_o common_a right_n enter_v and_o distrein_o for_o the_o rent_n though_o there_o be_v no_o mention_n at_o all_o nor_o cause_n of_o distress_n put_v in_o the_o deed_n or_o lease_n i_o say_v before_o that_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o rent-service_n be_v to_o be_v couple_v and_o knit_v to_o the_o tenure_n for_o where_o no_o tenure_n be_v there_o can_v be_v no_o rent-service_n and_o therefore_o if_o at_o this_o day_n i_o be_v seize_v of_o land_n of_o fee-simple_n and_o make_v a_o deed_n of_o feoffment_n of_o the_o same_o to_o another_o in_o fee-simple_n reserve_v by_o the_o same_o deed_n a_o rent_n this_o can_v be_v call_v no_o rent-service_n because_o there_o can_v be_v now_o no_o tenure_n between_o