service_n but_o be_v of_o the_o tenure_n of_o socage_n as_o shall_v be_v hereafter_o more_o ample_o show_v of_o ward_n marriage_n and_o relief_n every_o knights_n service_n draw_v unto_o it_o ward_n marriage_n and_o relief_n wherefore_o it_o be_v now_o right_a expedient_a somewhat_o to_o entrete_n of_o they_o you_o shall_v therefore_o be_v admonish_v that_o when_o the_o tenaunte_a which_o hold_v his_o land_n by_o knights_n seruyce_n die_v his_o heir_n male_a be_v at_o that_o time_n wtin_n thage_n of_o xxj_o year_n the_o lord_n shall_v have_v the_o ward_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o custodye_n or_o keep_a of_o the_o land_n so_o hold_v of_o he_o to_o his_o own_o use_n and_o profit_n till_o the_o heir_n come_v to_o the_o full_a age_n of_o xxj_o year_n for_o the_o law_n here_o presume_v that_o till_o he_o come_v to_o this_o age_n he_o be_v not_o able_a to_o do_v such_o service_n as_o be_v of_o this_o tenure_n require_v furthermore_o if_o such_o heir_n be_v unmary_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o death_n of_o the_o tenaunte_a than_o the_o lord_n shall_v have_v also_o the_o ward_n and_o bestow_v of_o the_o marriage_n of_o he_o but_o if_o tenant_n by_o knights_n service_n die_v his_o heir_n female_a be_v of_o thage_n of_o xiiii_o year_n or_o above_o than_o the_o lord_n shall_v have_v the_o ward_n neither_o of_o the_o land_n ne_fw-la yet_o of_o the_o body_n of_o such_o a_o heir_n and_o the_o reason_n hereof_o be_v because_o a_o woman_n of_o that_o age_n may_v have_v a_o husband_n able_a to_o do_v knights_n service_n that_o be_v to_o say_v to_o wait_v upon_o the_o king_n majesty_n person_n when_o he_o avaunce_v into_o scotlande_n with_o his_o army_n royal_a but_o if_o such_o a_o heir_n femalle_fw-mi be_v within_o the_o age_n of_o xiiii_o year_n and_o not_o marry_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o death_n of_o her_o auncestoure_n than_o the_o lord_n shall_v have_v the_o ward_n of_o the_o land_n hold_v of_o he_o till_o such_o heir_n female_a come_v to_o the_o age_n of_o xvi_o year_n by_o force_n of_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n in_o the_o statute_n of_o westm_n the_o first_o note_v that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a diversity_n in_o the_o law_n bytwene_v the_o age_n of_o female_n and_o of_o male_n for_o the_o female_a have_v these_o many_o age_n appoint_v by_o the_o law_n first_o at_o vii_o year_n of_o age_n the_o lored_a her_o father_n may_v distreyne_v his_o tenaunte_n for_o aid_n to_o marry_v she_o second_o at_o ix_o year_n of_o age_n she_o be_v dowable_a thyrdlye_o at_o xii_o yer_n she_o be_v able_a to_o assent_v to_o matrymonye_n four_o at_o xiiii_o year_n she_o be_v able_a to_o have_v her_o land_n and_o shall_v be_v out_o of_o ward_n if_o she_o be_v of_o this_o age_n at_o the_o geantye_n but_o of_o the_o king_n only_o homage_n auncestrell_n tenant_n by_o homage_n auncestrel_n be_v he_o which_o hold_v his_o land_n of_o his_o lord_n by_o homage_n and_o both_o he_o and_o his_o ancestor_n who_o heir_n he_o be_v have_v hold_v the_o same_o land_n of_o the_o say_a lord_n &_o of_o his_o ancestor_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n by_o homage_n and_o have_v do_v unto_o they_o homage_n and_o this_o be_v call_v homage_n auncestrell_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o long_a continuance_n which_o have_v be_v by_o title_n of_o prescription_n as_o well_o concerning_a the_o tenauncye_n in_o the_o blood_n of_o the_o tenaunte_a as_o concern_v the_o lordeshyp_n in_o the_o blood_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o this_o service_n of_o homage_n auncestrell_n drawethe_v unto_o it_o warranty_n that_o be_v to_o say_v if_o the_o lord_n which_o be_v now_o in_o life_n have_v once_o receyve_v the_o homage_n of_o his_o tenant_n he_o ought_v to_o warrant_v the_o same_o tenaunte_a what_o time_n so_o ever_o he_o shall_v be_v implead_v or_o sue_v for_o such_o land_n so_o hold_v of_o he_o by_o homage_n auncestrell_n moreover_o such_o service_n of_o homage_n auncestrell_n draw_v to_o it_o acquittal_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o lord_n ought_v to_o acquyte_v the_o tenant_n against_o all_o other_o lord_n that_o can_v demand_v any_o manner_n of_o service_n out_o of_o the_o tenauncye_n wherefore_o if_o in_o this_o case_n the_o tenaunte_a which_o holdethe_v by_o homage_n auncestrell_n be_v implead_v of_o his_o land_n and_o vouch_v his_o lord_n to_o warrauntye_n who_o come_v in_o by_o process_n and_o demaundethe_v of_o the_o tenaunte_a what_o he_o have_v to_o bind_v he_o to_o the_o warranty_n and_o the_o tenant_n show_v how_o he_o and_o his_o ancestor_n who_o heir_n he_o be_v have_v hold_v his_o land_n of_o he_o and_o of_o his_o ancestor_n time_n ease_n or_o continual_a infirmity_n all_o these_o and_o such_o like_v be_v dispargemente_n but_o here_o also_o you_o shall_v understande_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v say_v no_o dispargement_n onlesse_a the_o heir_n be_v so_o marry_v when_o he_o be_v within_o the_o age_n of_o discretion_n that_o be_v to_o say_v within_o the_o age_n of_o xiiii_o year_n for_o if_o he_o be_v of_o that_o age_n or_o above_o and_o consent_v to_o such_o marriage_n it_o be_v no_o dispargement_n neither_o shall_v the_o lord_n for_o such_o marriage_n lose_v his_o ward_n because_o it_o shall_v be_v repute_v and_o assign_v to_o the_o folye_a of_o the_o heir_n be_v of_o age_n of_o discretion_n to_o consent_v to_o such_o marriage_n now_o if_o the_o gardeyne_n offer_v to_o the_o heir_n be_v in_o his_o ward_n a_o convenient_a marriage_n without_o dispargement_n and_o the_o heir_n refuse_v it_o as_o he_o may_v very_o well_o do_v than_z the_o lord_n shall_v have_v the_o value_n of_o the_o marriage_n of_o such_o heir_n when_o he_o commethe_v to_o his_o full_a age_n but_o yet_o if_o he_o marye_n himself_o be_v so_o in_o ward_n against_o the_o will_n of_o his_o gardeyne_n than_o he_o shall_v pay_v the_o double_a value_n by_o force_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o merton_n before_o remember_v and_o you_o shall_v note_v that_o if_o land_n hold_v by_o knights_n service_n descend_v to_o a_o infaunte_n from_o his_o mother_n or_o from_o any_o of_o his_o ancestor_n his_o father_n be_v yet_o alyve_a in_o this_o case_n the_o lord_n shall_v not_o have_v the_o marriage_n of_o this_o heir_n for_o during_o the_o life_n of_o the_o father_n the_o son_n shall_v be_v in_o ward_n to_o no_o man_n final_o it_o be_v to_o be_v know_v that_o he_o which_o be_v gardeyne_a in_o chevalrye_n in_o right_a may_v after_o he_o have_v seize_v the_o ward_n grant_v the_o same_o either_o by_o deed_n or_o without_o deed_n to_o a_o other_o man_n &_o than_o he_o to_o who_o such_o grant_n be_v make_v be_v call_v gardeyne_n in_o fayte_n now_o as_o touch_v relief_n you_o shall_v know_v that_o if_o a_o man_n holdethe_v his_o land_n by_o knight_n service_n and_o die_v his_o heir_n be_v of_o full_a age_n the_o full_a age_n of_o the_o male_a be_v xxi_o year_n of_o the_o female_a xiiii_o then_o yâ—_z lord_n of_o who_o the_o land_n be_v hold_v shall_v have_v of_o the_o heyr_n relief_n relief_n of_o a_o hole_n knight_n fee_n be_v c_o s._n &_o of_o half_a a_o knight_n fee_n fyftye_a s_o also_o a_o man_n may_v hold_v land_n of_o a_o lord_n by_o two_o knights_n fee_n and_o than_o the_o heir_n be_v of_o full_a age_n at_o the_o death_n of_o his_o auncestoure_n shall_v pay_v to_o his_o lord_n for_o relief_n ten_o pound_n service_n of_o castle_n garde_o you_o shall_v understande_v that_o a_o man_n may_v hold_v by_o knights_n service_n and_o yet_o not_o hold_v by_o escuage_n nor_o shall_v pay_v no_o escuage_n for_o he_o may_v hold_v by_o castle_n garde_o that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o seruyce_n to_o keep_v a_o tower_n of_o his_o lord_n castle_n or_o some_o other_o place_n upon_o a_o reasonable_a warning_a when_o his_o lord_n hear_v that_o enemy_n will_v come_v or_o be_v already_o come_v into_o england_n this_o seruyce_n be_v also_o knight_n service_n and_o drawethe_v to_o it_o ward_n marriage_n &_o relief_n as_o the_o common_a knights_n seruyce_n do_v of_o grand_a sergeauntie_n there_o be_v also_o a_o other_o kind_n of_o knight_n service_n call_v grande_fw-fr sergeantye_n which_o be_v where_o a_o man_n hold_v be_v land_n or_o tenemente_n of_o the_o king_n by_o such_o service_n as_o he_o owe_v in_o proper_a person_n to_o do_v as_o to_o bear_v the_o banner_n of_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n or_o his_o spear_n or_o to_o conduct_v his_o host_n or_o to_o be_v his_o marshal_n or_o to_o be_v the_o sewar_n caruar_fw-la or_o butler_n at_o the_o feast_n of_o the_o coronation_n or_o to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o chamberlain_n of_o the_o receipt_n of_o his_o eschequere_v or_o to_o do_v like_o service_n to_o the_o king_n in_o proper_a person_n such_o manner_n of_o seruyce_n i_o say_v be_v call_v grande_fw-fr
of_o his_o child_n and_o payment_n of_o his_o dette_n or_o otherwise_o at_o his_o pleasure_n save_v to_o the_o king_n aswell_o the_o wardship_n and_o primer_n season_n of_o as_o much_o as_o shall_v amount_v to_o the_o clear_a yearly_a value_n of_o the_o third_o part_n thereof_o wtout_fw-fr diminution_n dower_n fraud_n covein_o charge_n or_o abridgement_n thereof_o as_o also_o all_o fine_n for_o alienation_n of_o all_o such_o land_n and_o tenemente_n so_o hold_v of_o he_o by_o knight_n service_n in_o chief_a whereof_o there_o shall_v be_v any_o alteration_n of_o frehold_n or_o of_o inheritance_n make_v by_o will_n or_o otherwise_o and_o every_o person_n have_v land_n or_o truemente_n of_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o chief_a by_o knightê_n service_n &_o other_o land_n hold_v of_o he_o or_o of_o any_o other_o by_o knight_n service_n or_o otherwise_o shall_v from_o the_o say_v twenty_o day_n of_o july_n have_v pour_v to_o give_v or_o assign_v by_o his_o testament_n or_o otherwise_o as_o be_v aforesaid_a two_o part_n of_o the_o same_o in_o three_o part_n to_o be_v divide_v or_o else_o as_o much_o thereof_o as_o shall_v extend_v to_o yâ—_z yearly_o value_n of_o two_o part_n of_o the_o same_o in_o three_o part_n to_o be_v divide_v in_o certainty_n save_v to_o the_o king_n yâ—_z wardship_n &_o primer_n season_n of_o as_o much_o thereof_o as_o shall_v amount_v to_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o the_o third_z part_n wtout_o diminution_n dower_n covein_o charge_n or_o subtraction_n of_o the_o same_o or_o of_o the_o full_a profit_n thereof_o save_v also_o all_o fine_n for_o alienation_n as_o be_v abovesayde_v item_n every_o person_n hold_v landê_n or_o other_o hereditamente_n only_o of_o any_o other_o than_o of_o yâ—_z king_n by_o knight_n service_n and_o other_o land_n and_o tenemente_n in_o socage_n or_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o socage_n tenure_n may_v gyve_v dispose_n or_o assure_v by_o testament_n or_o otherwise_o as_o be_v aforesaid_a two_o part_n thereof_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n or_o as_o much_o as_o shall_v amount_v to_o the_o full_a yearly_a value_n of_o two_o part_n in_o manner_n above_o declare_v and_o also_o all_o the_o land_n and_o tenemente_n hold_v by_o socage_n or_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o socage_n tenure_n at_o his_o pleasure_n save_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o land_n and_o tenemente_n hold_v by_o knight_n service_n for_o his_o wardship_n as_o much_o thereof_o as_o shall_v amount_v to_o the_o clear_a yearly_a value_n of_o the_o third_o part_n wtout_fw-fr any_o diminution_n dower_n fraud_n &c_n &c_n and_o every_o person_n holdinge_v only_o of_o the_o king_n by_o knight_n service_n but_o not_o in_o chief_a or_o hold_v of_o yâ—_z king_n by_o knight_n service_n and_o not_o in_o chief_a and_o also_o other_o hereditamente_n of_o other_o by_o knight_n service_n and_o hold_v also_o other_o hereditamente_n of_o any_o other_o person_n in_o socage_n or_o of_o yâ—_z nature_n of_o socage_n tenure_n may_v give_v devise_n and_o assure_v by_o his_o last_o will_n or_o otherwise_o two_o part_n of_o the_o hereditamente_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n by_o knight_n service_n &_o two_o partê_n of_o the_o hereditamente_n hold_v of_o any_o other_o person_n by_o knight_n service_n or_o as_o much_o of_o either_o of_o they_o as_o shall_v amount_v to_o the_o full_a yearly_a value_n of_o two_o part_n and_o also_o all_o his_o land_n and_o tenemente_n so_o hold_v in_o socage_n or_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o socage_n tenure_n save_v as_o well_o to_o the_o king_n the_o wardship_n of_o as_o much_o as_o shall_v extend_v to_o the_o clear_a yearly_a value_n of_o the_o third_o part_n of_o the_o same_o so_o hold_v of_o he_o by_o knight_n service_n without_o diminution_n etc._n etc._n as_o also_o to_o the_o lord_n of_o who_o any_o of_o the_o say_a land_n or_o other_o hereditamente_n be_v hold_v by_o knight_n service_n for_o wardshyp_n as_o moche_v of_o the_o same_o so_o hold_v of_o they_o by_o that_o service_n as_o shall_v amount_v to_o the_o clear_a year_o value_v of_o the_o third_o part_n in_o manner_n above_o declare_v provide_v that_o if_o that_o third_o part_n which_o in_o any_o of_o the_o case_n abovesayd_a shall_v come_v to_o the_o king_n do_v not_o amount_v to_o the_o clear_a yearly_a value_n of_o the_o full_a iii_o part_n of_o all_o the_o say_a hereditamente_n whereof_o the_o king_n shall_v be_v entitle_v to_o have_v the_o custody_n or_o primer_n season_n than_o the_o king_n may_v take_v into_o his_o hand_n as_o much_o of_o other_o two_o part_n of_o the_o say_v hereditamente_n as_o with_o that_o of_o the_o same_o hereditamente_n remain_v in_o his_o hand_n shall_v make_v up_o the_o clear_a yearly_a value_n of_o the_o third_o part_n of_o the_o say_v land_n and_o tenemente_n so_o to_o be_v have_v to_o he_o in_o title_n of_o wardship_n and_o primer_n season_n and_o like_o benefit_n to_o be_v give_v to_o every_o lord_n of_o who_o any_o such_o hereditamente_n shall_v be_v hold_v by_o knight_n service_n concern_v only_o his_o three_o part_n for_o title_n of_o wardship_n also_o all_o person_n shall_v sue_v their_o lyvery_n for_o possession_n reversion_n or_o remaynder_n and_o also_o pay_v relief_n and_o heriette_n like_v as_o they_o shall_v have_v do_v before_o yâ—_z make_o hereof_o and_o fine_n for_o alienation_n shall_v be_v pay_v in_o the_o chancery_n upon_o writ_n of_o entre_fw-fr in_o the_o post_n to_o be_v obtain_v there_o after_o the_o say_v twenty_o day_n of_o july_n for_o common_a recovery_n to_o be_v suffer_v of_o any_o land_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o chief_a in_o like_a manner_n as_o be_v use_v upon_o alienation_n of_o land_n so_o hold_v in_o chief_a by_o fiâ—e_n or_o feoffement_n provide_v that_o in_o such_o case_n where_o fine_n for_o alienation_n shall_v be_v pay_v in_o the_o chancery_n for_o writ_n of_o entre_fw-fr in_o the_o post_n as_o be_v aforesaid_a none_o other_o fine_n shall_v be_v pay_v in_o the_o same_o court_n for_o any_o such_o writ_n item_n where_o two_o or_o more_o person_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n by_o knight_n service_n joint_o to_o they_o &_o to_o the_o heir_n of_o one_o of_o they_o and_o he_o that_o have_v the_o inheritance_n thereof_o die_v his_o heir_n be_v wtin_n age_n the_o king_n shall_v have_v yâ—_z ward_n and_o marriage_n of_o the_o body_n of_o such_o heir_n the_o life_n of_o the_o freholder_n or_o freholder_n of_o the_o land_n so_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n notwithstanding_o save_v to_o all_o woman_n such_o right_a &_o title_n of_o dower_n as_o they_o owe_v to_o have_v of_o any_o land_n or_o tenemente_n by_o the_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n to_o be_v assign_v unto_o they_o out_o of_o yâ—_z two_o part_n of_o the_o say_a land_n or_o tenemente_n sever_v from_o the_o third_o part_n as_o be_v abovesaide_a and_o not_o otherwise_o and_o save_v also_o to_o the_o king_n the_o reversion_n of_o all_o such_o tenante_n in_o jointenure_n and_o dower_n immediate_o after_o the_o death_n of_o such_o tenante_n if_o they_o shall_v happen_v to_o die_v during_o yâ—_z none_o age_n of_o the_o king_n ward_n â§_o of_o mariagy_n enact_v aÌ„_o 32._o hen._n 8._o it_o be_v enact_v that_o from_o the_o first_o day_n of_o july_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n a_o m.d._n and_z xl._n all_o marriage_n within_o this_o church_n of_o england_n contract_v between_o lawful_a person_n as_o by_o this_o act_n we_o declare_v all_o person_n to_o be_v lauful_a that_o be_v not_o prohibit_v by_o god_n law_n to_o marry_v such_o marriage_n be_v contract_n and_o solemnize_v in_o the_o face_n of_o the_o church_n &_o consummate_v with_o bodily_a knowledge_n or_o fruit_n of_o child_n or_o child_n be_v have_v therein_o between_o yâ—_z party_n so_o marry_v shall_v be_v deem_v &_o take_v to_o be_v lawful_a good_a &_o indissoluble_a not_o withstand_v any_o precontract_n of_o matrimony_n not_o consummate_v with_o bodily_a knowledge_n which_o either_o of_o yâ—_z person_n so_o marry_v or_o both_o shall_v have_v make_v with_o any_o other_o before_o the_o time_n of_o contract_v that_o marriage_n which_o be_v solemnize_v and_o consummate_v or_o whereof_o such_o fruit_n be_v ensue_v or_o may_v ensue_v as_o afore_o and_o not_o withstand_v any_o dispensation_n prescription_n law_n or_o other_o thing_n grant_v or_o confirm_v by_o act_n or_o otherwise_o and_o that_o no_o reservation_n or_o prohibition_n god_n law_n except_o shall_v trouble_v or_o impeach_v any_o marriage_n without_o leviticall_a degree_n and_o that_o no_o person_n shall_v after_o the_o say_v first_o day_n of_o july_n aforesaid_a be_v admit_v in_o any_o of_o the_o spiritual_a court_n with_o in_o this_o the_o king_n realm_n or_o any_o his_o other_o land_n and_o dominion_n to_o any_o process_n plea_n or_o allegation_n contrary_a to_o this_o act_n finis_fw-la exit_fw-la aedibus_fw-la richardi_fw-la taverneri_fw-la per_fw-la richardum_fw-la bank_n typographum_n cum_fw-la privilegio_fw-la ad_fw-la imprimendum_fw-la solum_fw-la
sergeantye_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o great_a or_o high_a service_n and_o the_o cause_n why_o it_o be_v so_o call_v be_v because_o it_o be_v the_o most_o honourable_a and_o most_o worthy_a service_n that_o be_v for_o he_o that_o hold_v by_o escuage_n be_v not_o appoint_v by_o his_o tenure_n to_o do_v any_o other_o more_o specyall_a service_n than_o a_o other_o be_v bind_v that_o holdethe_v by_o escuage_n but_o he_o that_o hold_v by_o grande_fw-fr sergeantye_n be_v bind_v to_o do_v some_o special_a service_n to_o the_o king_n also_o if_o he_o that_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n by_o grante_a sergeanty_n die_v his_o heir_n be_v of_o full_a age_n than_o the_o heir_n shall_v pay_v to_o the_o king_n for_o relief_n not_o only_o c.s._n as_o he_o that_o holdethe_v by_o escuage_n shall_v do_v but_o moreover_o the_o clear_a yearly_a value_n of_o those_o land_n and_o tenemente_n which_o he_o so_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n by_o grande_fw-fr sergeantye_n furthermore_o you_o shall_v observe_v that_o in_o the_o march_n of_o scotlande_n some_o man_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n by_o coruage_n that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o blow_v of_o a_o horn_n to_o the_o intent_n to_o warn_v the_o man_n of_o the_o country_n when_o they_o hear_v that_o the_o scot_n or_o other_o their_o enemy_n be_v come_v or_o be_v already_o enter_v in_o to_o england_n which_o service_n be_v also_o a_o kind_n of_o grande_fw-fr sergeantie_n grande_n sergeantie_a therefore_o be_v as_o moche_v to_o say_v in_o latyn_a as_o magnum_fw-la seruitium_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o great_a or_o high_a service_n like_v as_o petite_fw-fr sergeantye_n be_v call_v paruum_fw-la seruitium_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o little_a or_o small_a service_n but_o to_o reverte_v again_o to_o the_o mamatier_n you_o shall_v note_v if_o any_o tenaunte_a hold_v of_o any_o other_o lord_n than_o of_o the_o king_n by_o such_o service_n of_o cornage_n than_o it_o be_v no_o grand_a sergeantye_n but_o yet_o nevertheless_o it_o be_v knights_n service_n &_o draw_v to_o it_o ward_v marriage_n and_o relief_n for_o this_o be_v a_o rule_n infallible_a that_o none_o can_v hold_v by_o grande_fw-fr sergeanty_n but_o of_o the_o king_n own_o majesty_n finallye_o you_o shall_v understande_v that_o all_o they_o which_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n by_o this_o service_n call_v grand_a sergeauntye_n do_v hold_v of_o the_o king_n by_o knights_n seruyce_n and_o by_o virtue_n of_o this_o tenure_n the_o king_n shall_v have_v of_o they_o ward_n marriage_n and_o relief_n but_o escuage_n yet_o he_o shall_v not_o have_v of_o they_o oneles_a they_o hold_v by_o escuage_n of_o he_o by_o express_v and_o special_a word_n petite_fw-fr sergeantie_n tenaunte_a by_o petite_fw-fr sergeantye_n be_v he_o that_o hold_v his_o land_n immediate_o of_o our_o soveraygne_a lord_n the_o king_n by_o this_o manner_n of_o service_n to_o pay_v to_o the_o king_n yearelye_o either_o a_o vow_n a_o spear_n a_o dagger_n a_o sword_n a_o pair_n of_o gantlette_n a_o pair_n of_o spur_n of_o gold_n a_o shaft_n or_o such_o other_o small_a thing_n appertain_v to_o the_o war_n &_o this_o service_n be_v in_o effect_n but_o socage_n because_o that_o such_o a_o tenaunte_a be_v not_o bind_v by_o his_o tenure_n to_o go_v ne_o do_v any_o thing_n in_o his_o own_o proper_a person_n touch_v the_o war_n but_o only_o to_o rendre_fw-fr and_o pay_v yearly_o certain_a thing_n to_o the_o king_n as_o a_o man_n ought_v to_o pay_v a_o rend_v wherefore_o this_o service_n of_o petite_fw-fr sergeantye_n be_v no_o knight_n seruyce_n but_o yet_o you_o shall_v note_v that_o a_o man_n can_v not_o hold_v neither_o by_o petite_fw-fr sergeauntye_o neither_o by_o grand_a sergeantye_n out_o of_o mind_n sure_o the_o lord_n if_o he_o can_v not_o deny_v this_o and_o if_o he_o have_v receive_v the_o homage_n of_o such_o a_o tenant_n be_v bind_v by_o the_o law_n to_o warrant_v he_o his_o land_n so_o that_o if_o the_o tenant_n lose_v his_o land_n in_o defaute_n of_o the_o lord_n thus_o vouch_v that_o be_v to_o say_v call_v to_o warranty_n he_o shall_v recover_v against_o he_o so_o moche_n in_o value_n of_o those_o land_n and_o tenemente_n which_o the_o lord_n have_v at_o the_o time_n of_o calling_n to_o warranty_n or_o at_o any_o time_n after_o but_o if_o the_o lord_n never_o receyve_v the_o homage_n of_o his_o tenante_n than_o he_o may_v very_o well_o when_o he_o be_v thus_o vouch_a disclaim_n in_o the_o lordeshyp_n or_o seignorye_n and_o so_o put_v out_o the_o tenaunte_a of_o his_o warranty_n where_o you_o shall_v note_v that_o in_o every_o case_n where_o the_o lord_n disclaim_v in_o his_o seignorye_n in_o court_n of_o record_n his_o seignorye_n or_o lordeshyp_n be_v extinct_a and_o the_o tenaunte_a shall_v hold_v from_o thensforthe_a of_o the_o next_o lord_n to_o he_o that_o thus_o disclaim_v thus_o you_o perceyve_v that_o homage_n auncestrell_n be_v not_o but_o where_o as_o be_v a_o long_a continuance_n as_o well_o in_o the_o blood_n of_o the_o tenaunte_a in_o respect_n of_o his_o tenauncye_n as_o in_o the_o blood_n of_o the_o lord_n in_o respect_n of_o his_o seignorye_n wherefore_o if_o the_o tenaunte_a do_v once_o alien_n his_o land_n to_o a_o other_o although_o he_o purchasethe_v the_o same_o again_o yet_o he_o shall_v not_o hold_v any_o long_o by_o homage_n auncestrell_n because_o of_o this_o discontinuaunce_n but_o shall_v hold_v it_o now_o by_o the_o vulgar_a &_o accustom_a homage_n of_o socage_n socage_n be_v proper_o where_o the_o tenant_n be_v bind_v to_o come_v with_o he_o soak_v that_o be_v to_o say_v with_o his_o plough_n to_o ear_n and_o sow_v parcel_n of_o the_o demene_a land_n of_o his_o lord_n which_o seruyce_n in_o ancient_a time_n be_v very_o come_v &_o frequent_v but_o now_o by_o the_o mutual_a consent_n both_o of_o the_o lord_n and_o of_o the_o tenant_n it_o be_v convert_v for_o the_o moo_v part_n in_o to_o a_o yearly_o rend_v how_o be_v it_o the_o name_n of_o socage_n abide_v still_o wherefore_o now_o all_o that_o be_v not_o knight_n service_n be_v call_v by_o yâ—_z name_n of_o socage_n so_o yâ—_z if_o a_o man_n hold_v by_o fealtye_n only_o or_o by_o fealtye_n and_o homage_n for_o all_o manner_n of_o seruyce_n it_o be_v but_o socage_n tenure_n for_o homage_n alone_o makith_v not_o knight_n seruyce_n yea_o if_o a_o man_n hold_v by_o escuage_n certain_a as_o i_o have_v say_v here_o tofore_o he_o hold_v in_o effect_n but_o by_o socage_n now_o where_o a_o man_n holdethe_v his_o land_n by_o socage_n and_o die_v his_o heir_n be_v wythyn_a thage_n of_o xiiii_o year_n the_o lord_n shall_v not_o have_v yâ—_z ward_n but_o the_o next_o of_o kin_n to_o the_o heir_n to_o who_o the_o heritage_n can_v not_o descend_v shall_v have_v the_o wardeshyp_n as_o well_o of_o the_o land_n as_o of_o the_o heir_n till_o the_o heir_n come_v to_o the_o age_n of_o xiiij_o year_n and_o such_o garden_n be_v call_v garden_n in_o socage_n and_o shall_v rendre_fw-fr account_n to_o the_o heir_n for_o the_o issue_n and_o profyte_n that_o he_o have_v receive_v of_o the_o land_n during_o such_o time_n his_o reasonable_a cost_n and_o expense_n deduct_v so_o that_o he_o shall_v not_o have_v the_o wardeshyp_n to_o his_o own_o use_n &_o profit_n as_o garden_n in_o chevalrye_n have_v final_o you_o shall_v understande_v that_o when_o tenaunte_a in_o socage_n dyethe_v the_o lord_n shall_v have_v relief_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o value_n of_o the_o rent_n that_o be_v yearlye_o due_a unto_o he_o of_o the_o tenauncye_n beside_o the_o year_o rend_v so_o that_o in_o effect_n after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o tenante_n he_o shall_v have_v of_o the_o heir_n ii_o rent_n save_v that_o for_o the_o relief_n he_o may_v distreyne_v forth_o with_o but_o for_o the_o accustom_a rent_n he_o can_v not_o distreyne_v till_o the_o usual_a day_n of_o payment_n be_v come_v francke_n almoyne_n tenaunte_a in_o frank_a almoygne_n that_o be_v to_o say_v in_o free_a alms_n be_v where_o a_o bishop_n deane_z or_o any_o other_o ecclesiastical_a person_n hold_v of_o his_o lord_n in_o pure_a and_o perpetual_a alm_n and_o such_o tenure_n begin_v first_o in_o old_a time_n after_o this_o manner_n when_o a_o man_n be_v seize_v in_o ancient_a time_n of_o certain_a land_n or_o tenemente_n in_o his_o demene_n as_o of_o fee_n &_o of_o the_o same_o tenemente_n enfeoff_v a_o abbot_n &_o his_o covent_n or_o a_o prior_n &_o his_o covent_n or_o any_o other_o person_n ecclesiastical_a as_o a_o deane_z of_o a_o colege_n master_n of_o a_o hospital_n or_o such_o like_a to_o have_v &_o to_o hold_v the_o same_o landê_n to_o they_o and_o to_o their_o successoure_n for_o ever_o in_o pure_a and_o perpetual_a alms_n or_o in_o frank_a alm_n in_o these_o two_o case_n the_o tenemente_n shall_v be_v hold_v in_o frank_a
as_o be_v he_o that_o have_v a_o free_a hold_n at_o the_o common_a law_n but_o the_o determination_n of_o this_o question_n i_o remit_v to_o my_o great_a master_n which_o can_v solve_v the_o knot_n and_o enigma_n of_o the_o law_n for_o asmoche_v as_o yet_o still_o of_o this_o matter_n causidici_fw-la certant_fw-la &_o adhuc_fw-la subiudice_n liâ—_n est_fw-la â§_o also_o you_o shall_v understand_v that_o the_o usage_n of_o some_o manor_n be_v when_o the_o tenaunte_a will_v surrender_v his_o land_n to_o the_o use_n of_o a_o other_o that_o he_o shall_v take_v a_o wand_n in_o his_o hand_n and_o deliver_v it_o to_o the_o steward_n of_o the_o court_n and_o the_o steward_n shall_v deliver_v the_o same_o wand_n in_o name_n of_o seisin_n to_o he_o that_o shall_v take_v the_o land_n and_o such_o a_o tenaunte_a be_v call_v tenaunte_a by_o the_o verge_n diverse_a other_o custom_n there_o be_v of_o surrender_v of_o copy_n hold_v land_n which_o here_o for_o tediousness_n i_o will_v omytte_n and_o forasmoch_v as_o tenaunte_n by_o custom_n of_o the_o manoure_n have_v by_o the_o course_n of_o the_o common_a law_n no_o free_a hold_n therefore_o they_o be_v call_v tenaunte_n of_o base_a tenure_n hitherto_o i_o have_v treat_v of_o the_o first_o member_n of_o our_o division_n that_o be_v to_o wit_n of_o chatelle_n for_o as_o i_o say_v all_o lease_n for_o term_n of_o year_n and_o at_o will_v be_v account_v in_o the_o law_n but_o as_o cateles_a and_o be_v comprise_v under_o that_o name_n save_v that_o they_o be_v call_v cateles_a real_n where_o as_o cow_n ox_n horse_n money_n plate_n corn_n and_o such_o like_v be_v call_v chatell_n personalle_n now_o we_o will_v proceed_v to_o thexplanition_fw-la of_o the_o second_o member_n that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o free_a hold_n â§_o a_o division_n of_o free_a hold_n free_a hold_n or_o frank_a tenemente_n a_o man_n may_v have_v in_o sundry_a wyse_n for_o either_o he_o be_v seize_v for_o term_n of_o his_o own_o life_n or_o for_o term_n of_o a_o other_o man_n life_n if_o he_o be_v sese_v for_o term_v of_o his_o own_o life_n either_o he_o have_v get_v such_o estate_n by_o way_n of_o purchase_n or_o else_o the_o law_n have_v entitele_v he_o thereunto_o i_o call_v it_o by_o purchase_n whether_o he_o come_v unto_o it_o by_o his_o own_o barganing_n and_o procurement_n or_o by_o the_o gift_n of_o his_o friend_n and_o i_o call_v it_o by_o the_o operation_n and_o intiteling_n of_o the_o law_n when_o a_o man_n marri_v a_o woman_n that_o be_v a_o in_o heritre_n and_o have_v issue_n by_o she_o and_o she_o die_v now_o shall_v he_o have_v the_o land_n during_o his_o life_n by_o the_o course_n of_o the_o law_n and_o shall_v be_v call_v tenaunte_a by_o the_o courtesy_n of_o england_n in_o likewise_o if_o a_o man_n be_v seize_v in_o feâ—_n simple_a or_o fee_n tail_n of_o land_n and_o take_v a_o wife_n and_o he_o die_v the_o law_n give_v unto_o the_o wife_n the_o three_o part_n of_o her_o husband_n land_n for_o term_n of_o her_o life_n and_o she_o shall_v be_v call_v tenant_n in_o dower_n â§_o tenant_n for_o term_v of_o life_n tenaunte_a for_o term_v of_o life_n be_v he_o that_o hold_v land_n or_o tenemente_n for_o term_n of_o his_o own_o life_n or_o for_o term_n of_o a_o other_o life_n how_o be_v it_o the_o most_o frequent_a and_o common_a manner_n of_o speak_v be_v to_o call_v he_o that_o have_v estate_n for_o term_n of_o his_o own_o life_n tenaunte_a for_o life_n and_o he_o that_o have_v estate_n for_o term_n of_o a_o other_o life_n tenant_n pour_fw-fr term_n dautre_fw-fr vie_fw-fr that_o be_v to_o say_v tenaunte_a for_o term_v of_o a_o other_o life_n you_o shall_v note_v that_o like_a as_o he_o that_o make_v the_o lease_n be_v call_v the_o lessoure_n &_o he_o to_o who_o the_o lease_n be_v make_v be_v call_v the_o lessee_n so_o he_o that_o make_v a_o feffement_n be_v call_v the_o feffoure_n and_o he_o to_o who_o the_o feffement_n be_v make_v the_o feffee_n also_o if_o tenaunte_a for_o term_v of_o life_n or_o tenaunte_a for_o term_v of_o a_o other_o man_n life_n do_v waste_v the_o lessour_n or_o he_o in_o the_o reversion_n shall_v maintain_v very_o well_o a_o action_n of_o waste_n against_o he_o and_o shall_v by_o the_o same_o recover_v treble_a damage_n final_o you_o shall_v understand_v that_o by_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n make_v in_o the_o xxvii_o year_n of_o our_o soverayne_a lord_n that_o now_o be_v king_z henry_z the_o eight_o it_o be_v enact_v that_o no_o free_a hold_n nor_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n shall_v pass_v ne_o take_v effect_n but_o by_o deed_n indent_v seal_v &_o enroll_v in_o one_o of_o the_o king_n courtê_n at_o westmynster_n or_o else_o within_o the_o same_o county_n where_o the_o land_n do_v lie_v as_o by_o the_o say_a act_n more_o at_o large_a appear_v â§_o tenant_n by_o the_o curtesi_n tenant_n by_o the_o courtesy_n of_o england_n be_v he_o that_o have_v marry_v a_o wife_n inherit_v and_o have_v have_v issue_n by_o she_o and_o she_o be_v dead_a in_o this_o case_n the_o law_n of_o england_n permyt_v and_o suffer_v the_o husband_n of_o such_o wife_n to_o retain_v all_o his_o wyves_n land_n that_o she_o have_v either_o in_o fee_n simple_a or_o fee_n tail_n so_o long_o as_o he_o lyve_v and_o this_o be_v by_o the_o courtesy_n and_o urâ—anitie_n of_o england_n for_o this_o thing_n be_v use_v in_o none_o other_o region_n but_o in_o this_o case_n it_o be_v require_v that_o the_o child_n ve_fw-la vital_a that_o be_v to_o say_v be_v bear_v and_o bring_v forth_o iâ—_n to_o this_o world_n alive_a and_o therefore_o the_o common_a say_n have_v be_v that_o unless_o the_o child_n be_v hard_a cry_n the_o father_n shall_v not_o be_v tenaunte_a by_o the_o courtesy_n for_o the_o only_o prove_v and_o argument_n of_o life_n in_o a_o infaunt_n new_o bear_v be_v the_o vagite_fw-la and_o cryenge_a you_o shall_v furthermore_o understand_v that_o onlesse_a the_o husband_n be_v in_o actual_a and_o real_a possession_n of_o his_o wyves_n land_n &_o seize_v of_o they_o in_o her_o right_n he_o shall_v not_o be_v tenaunte_a by_o courtesy_n after_o her_o death_n and_o therefore_o if_o land_n descend_v to_o a_o man_n wife_n so_o that_o she_o be_v tenant_n in_o the_o law_n and_o to_o every_o man_n action_n yet_o if_o the_o husband_n have_v not_o make_v a_o actual_a entreedure_a the_o coverture_n and_o matrimony_n between_o theâ—_n he_o shall_v not_o be_v tenant_n by_o the_o courtesy_n for_o it_o shall_v be_v repute_v and_o iug_v his_o folly_n and_o negligence_n that_o he_o will_v not_o entre_fw-fr in_o her_o life_n tyme._n otherwise_o it_o be_v of_o advouson_n â—â—ntes_n and_o such_o other_o thing_n which_o forthwyth_o when_o they_o descend_v be_v in_o a_o man_n or_o woman_n without_o any_o entre_fw-fr or_o further_a ceremonye_n of_o law_n note_v that_o if_o tenaunte_a by_o the_o courtesy_n of_o england_n will_v suffer_v or_o make_v any_o waist_n in_o the_o land_n or_o tenemente_n that_o he_o so_o hold_v he_o be_v punyshable_a therefore_o by_o action_n of_o waist_n also_o it_o be_v to_o be_v know_v that_o of_o thing_n that_o be_v in_o suspense_n a_o man_n shall_v not_o be_v tenant_n by_o the_o courtesy_n and_o therefore_o if_o a_o man_n be_v the_o tenant_n in_o fee_n simple_a of_o certain_a land_n and_o do_v entremary_n with_o a_o woman_n that_o be_v the_o seignoresse_n or_o lady_n of_o the_o same_o and_o have_v issue_n by_o she_o and_o she_o die_v yet_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v tenant_n by_o the_o courtesy_n of_o the_o lordship_n of_o seignorye_n because_o himself_o be_v tenant_n of_o the_o land_n and_o therefore_o the_o lordship_n be_v suspend_v for_o the_o time_n for_o a_o man_n can_v not_o be_v both_o lord_n and_o tenant_n of_o one_o thing_n but_o if_o he_o have_v not_o be_v tenant_n of_o the_o land_n he_o shall_v have_v have_v the_o lordeshyp_n after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o wife_n by_o the_o courtesy_n of_o england_n very_o well_o of_o tenant_n in_o dower_n tenaunte_a in_o dower_n be_v she_o that_o have_v be_v marry_v to_o a_o husband_n that_o be_v during_o the_o matrimony_n between_o they_o seize_v of_o land_n â–ª_o or_o 〈◊〉_d in_o fee_n simple_a or_o fee_n tail_n â–ª_o which_o be_v now_o deed_n and_o she_o seize_v of_o the_o thyâ—_n depart_v of_o her_o husband_n be_v say_v land_n for_o term_n of_o her_o life_n for_o by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o land_n if_o the_o husband_n be_v at_o any_o time_n during_o the_o coverture_n seize_v lawful_o whether_o 〈◊〉_d be_v by_o purchase_n or_o by_o descent_n 〈◊〉_d theâ—_n in_o fee_n or_o in_o tail_n &_o dye_v his_o 〈◊〉_d to_o be_v endow_v by_o the_o course_n of_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o three_o foâ—e_n and_o in_o some_o place_n
it_o be_v that_o the_o grauntoure_n shall_v be_v enforce_v to_o atturne_v since_o a_o atturnment_n be_v adhibit_v to_o none_o other_o purpose_n than_o to_o have_v the_o consent_n and_o agreement_n of_o the_o particular_a tenaunte_a to_o the_o intent_n that_o it_o may_v appear_v that_o he_o have_v notice_n or_o knowledge_n of_o this_o grant_n but_o here_o where_o as_o the_o particular_a tenaunte_a himself_o be_v the_o grauntour_n a_o atturnment_n be_v superfluous_a and_o more_o than_o need_v of_o service_n hytherunto_o i_o have_v brefe_o touch_v and_o overrun_v the_o sundry_a kynde_n and_o form_n of_o estate_n now_o forasmoch_v as_o there_o be_v no_o tenure_n but_o have_v unto_o it_o some_o service_n knit_v and_o annex_v it_o be_v very_o necessary_a to_o declare_v how_o many_o kynde_n of_o service_n there_o be_v and_o what_o seruyce_n be_v due_a to_o every_o tenure_n for_o the_o knowledge_n she_o of_o you_o shall_v understande_v that_o the_o principal_a and_o most_o common_a kind_n of_o seruyce_n that_o the_o tenant_n owe_v to_o his_o lord_n be_v call_v knight_n seruyce_n knight_n service_n knights_n service_n include_v homage_n fealeie_n and_o for_o most_o ê‘te_a escuage_n and_o whosoever_o hold_v his_o land_n by_o knights_n service_n be_v bind_v by_o the_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n to_o do_v unto_o his_o lord_n homage_n and_o fealty_n and_o to_o pay_v for_o most_o part_n escuage_n when_o it_o shall_v be_v assese_v by_o authority_n of_o parliament_fw-mi as_o hereafter_o more_o plain_o shall_v be_v declare_v unto_o you_o homage_n be_v the_o most_o humble_a and_o reverend_a service_n that_o a_o man_n of_o free_a condition_n can_v do_v for_o when_o the_o tenaunte_a shall_v do_v homage_n to_o his_o lord_n the_o lord_n shall_v sytte_n and_o the_o tenant_n shall_v knee_n before_o he_o upon_o both_o knee_n and_o shall_v hold_v his_o hand_n bitwene_v his_o lord_n hand_n and_o say_v in_o this_o wise_a i_o become_v your_o man_n from_o this_o day_n forthward_o of_o life_n and_o of_o member_n and_o of_o earthly_a honour_n and_o to_o you_o shall_v be_v faithful_a and_o loyal_a and_o faith_n to_o you_o shall_v bear_v for_o the_o land_n that_o i_o claim_v to_o hold_v of_o you_o save_v the_o faith_n that_o i_o bear_v unto_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n and_o than_o the_o lord_n so_o sytting_a shall_v kiss_v he_o but_o if_o a_o ecclesiastical_a person_n which_o by_o his_o order_fw-fr and_o profession_n have_v addict_v himself_o to_o the_o service_n of_o god_n in_o especial_a shall_v do_v homage_n to_o his_o lord_n he_o shall_v not_o say_v i_o become_v your_o man_n because_o he_o have_v profess_v himself_o to_o be_v the_o only_a man_n of_o god_n but_o shall_v say_v i_o do_v to_o you_o homage_n and_o shall_v be_v to_o you_o faithful_a and_o true_a and_o faith_n to_o you_o shall_v bear_v for_o the_o tenemente_n yâ—_z i_o hold_v of_o you_o save_v the_o faith_n which_o i_o do_v owe_v to_o our_o soveraygne_a lord_n the_o king_n you_o shall_v note_v also_o that_o when_o a_o woman_n not_o marry_v do_v homage_n to_o her_o lord_n she_o shall_v not_o say_v i_o become_v your_o woman_n for_o it_o be_v not_o convenient_a that_o a_o woman_n shall_v be_v the_o woman_n of_o any_o other_o than_o of_o her_o husband_n that_o she_o shall_v marry_v but_o she_o shall_v say_v even_o as_o the_o ecclesiastical_a person_n say_v i_o do_v unto_o you_o homage_n etc._n etc._n that_o if_o perchance_o a_o man_n hold_v sundry_a land_n and_o tenemente_n of_o sundry_a lord_n and_o every_o of_o they_o by_o knights_n service_n than_o in_o the_o end_n of_o his_o homage_n make_v he_o shall_v say_v save_v the_o faith_n that_o i_o owe_v to_o our_o soveraygne_a lord_n the_o king_n and_o to_o my_o other_o lord_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v knoew_v that_o none_o be_v bind_v to_o do_v homage_n to_o the_o lord_n unless_o it_o be_v such_o a_o tenaunte_a as_o have_v in_o the_o tenauncye_n a_o estate_n of_o fee_n simple_a or_o fee_n tail_n either_o in_o his_o own_o right_a or_o in_o the_o right_a of_o a_o other_o for_o if_o a_o woman_n have_v land_n or_o tenemente_n in_o fee_n simple_a or_o fee_n tail_n which_o she_o holdethe_v of_o her_o lord_n by_o knights_n service_n and_o take_v a_o husband_n and_o have_v issue_n in_o this_o case_n the_o husband_n in_o the_o life_n of_o his_o wife_n shall_v do_v the_o homage_n because_o he_o have_v a_o title_n to_o have_v the_o land_n by_o the_o courtesy_n of_o england_n if_o he_o overlyve_v she_o &_o also_o he_o hold_v they_o now_o in_o his_o wife_n right_n yet_o before_o issue_n have_v bytwene_v they_o yâ—_z homage_n shall_v be_v make_v in_o their_o both_o name_n but_o if_o the_o woman_n die_v before_o any_o homage_n make_v by_o her_o husband_n in_o her_o life_n and_o the_o husband_n keep_v still_o the_o land_n as_o tenant_n by_o the_o courtesy_n now_o he_o shall_v not_o do_v homage_n to_o his_o lord_n because_o he_o have_v now_o a_o estate_n but_o for_o term_n of_o life_n fealty_n be_v as_o moche_v to_o say_v as_o a_o fidelity_n or_o faythefulnes_n in_o do_v whereof_o the_o tenaunte_a shall_v hold_v his_o hand_n upon_o a_o book_n &_o say_v thus_o hear_v you_o this_o my_o lord_n i_o to_o you_o shall_v be_v faithful_a and_o true_a and_o faith_n to_o you_o shall_v bear_v for_o the_o land_n and_o tenemente_n which_o i_o claim_v to_o hold_v of_o you_o and_o du_o shall_v do_v you_o the_o custom_n and_o service_n which_o i_o owe_v to_o do_v you_o at_o the_o term_n assign_v as_o i_o helpethe_v god_n and_o his_o saint_n and_o than_o he_o shall_v kiss_v the_o book_n but_o he_o shall_v not_o knee_n as_o he_o the_o do_v homage_n and_o you_o shall_v observe_v that_o homage_n can_v not_o be_v do_v but_o to_o the_o lord_n himself_o where_o as_o the_o steward_n of_o the_o lord_n court_n or_o the_o bailife_n may_v take_v fealty_n for_o the_o lord_n also_o tenaunte_a for_o term_v of_o life_n shall_v do_v fealte_v but_o homage_n as_o be_v say_v he_o can_v not_o do_v now_o as_o concerning_a escuage_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o service_n of_o the_o shield_n you_o shall_v understand_v that_o he_o that_o hold_v his_o land_n by_o escuage_n when_o the_o king_n makethe_v a_o voyage_n royal_a in_o to_o scotlande_n for_o the_o subdue_a of_o the_o scot_n be_v bind_v to_o be_v wythe_v the_o king_n majesty_n by_o the_o space_n of_o xl_o day_n well_o and_o convenientlye_o array_v and_o appoint_v for_o the_o war_n and_o he_o that_o hold_v his_o land_n but_o by_o the_o moiety_n of_o the_o fee_n of_o knight_n service_n be_v bind_v by_o the_o force_n of_o his_o tenure_n to_o be_v with_o the_o king_n by_o the_o space_n of_o xx_o day_n and_o so_o proporcionable_o accord_v to_o the_o rate_n and_o quantitte_v of_o his_o tenure_n but_o now_o to_o our_o institute_n and_o purpose_n after_o this_o voyage_n royal_a in_o to_o scotlande_n in_o which_o the_o king_n go_v in_o person_n and_o after_o the_o retire_n in_o to_o england_n again_o a_o parliament_fw-mi be_v wont_a to_o be_v summon_v in_o which_o shall_v be_v prescribe_v &_o asseise_v what_o everye_o person_n that_o hold_v his_o land_n by_o homage_n and_o go_v not_o with_o the_o king_n neither_o by_o himself_o nor_o by_o his_o deputye_n shall_v pay_v to_o his_o lord_n in_o satisfaction_n of_o his_o not_o serve_v and_o accord_v to_o the_o taxation_n hereof_o every_o tenaunte_a shall_v pay_v to_o his_o immediate_a lord_n whether_o it_o be_v the_o king_n or_o other_o after_o the_o rate_n and_o portion_n of_o his_o tenure_n if_o he_o hold_v by_o a_o hoole_n fee_n he_o shall_v pay_v the_o hoole_n escuage_n if_o by_o a_o moiety_n the_o half_a if_o by_o the_o four_o ê‘te_n of_o a_o fee_n the_o four_o part_n etc._n etc._n and_o this_o money_n thus_o asseyse_v be_v call_v scurage_v or_o escuage_n for_o which_o the_o lord_n to_o who_o it_o be_v due_a may_v very_o well_o for_o the_o non_fw-fr payment_n thereof_o distreyne_v but_o here_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o some_o tenaunte_n by_o custom_n use_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n be_v bind_v to_o pay_v but_o the_o moiety_n or_o the_o three_o part_n of_o that_o which_o shall_v be_v asseise_v and_o limit_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n yea_o and_o the_o custom_n be_v in_o some_o place_n that_o to_o what_o some_o of_o money_n so_o ever_o escuage_n be_v asseise_v yâ—_z tenauntê_n shall_v pay_v never_o but_o such_o a_o certain_a somme_fw-fr of_o money_n and_o this_o escuage_n be_v call_v escuage_n certain_a where_o as_o the_o other_o be_v call_v escuage_n uncertain_a final_o you_o shall_v understande_v that_o escuage_n uncertain_a be_v always_o adiuge_v to_o be_v knight_n service_n and_o draw_v unto_o it_o ward_n marriage_n &_o relief_n but_o escuage_n certain_a be_v no_o knight_n
prisoner_n in_o war_n and_o be_v compel_v to_o serve_v and_o become_v the_o thrall_n and_o bondeman_n of_o he_o that_o take_v he_o the_o law_n call_v such_o person_n a_o villain_n and_o you_o shall_v note_v that_o vyllayne_n be_v proper_o call_v in_o latyn_a serui_fw-la because_o that_o when_o they_o be_v take_v in_o war_n the_o captain_n be_v wont_a not_o to_o kill_v they_o but_o to_o sell_v they_o and_o so_o to_o save_v their_o life_n so_o that_o they_o be_v call_v serui_fw-la a_o seruando_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o save_v they_o be_v also_o call_v mancipia_fw-la a_o manu_fw-la capÃendo_fw-la because_o that_o they_o be_v take_v by_o hand_n &_o pour_v of_o the_o enemy_n now_o as_o i_o say_v by_o the_o law_n oâ—_n nature_n we_o be_v all_o bear_v free_a but_o after_o that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o gentility_n seruitâ—te_v invade_v the_o world_n than_o ensue_v the_o benefit_n of_o manumission_n manumission_n be_v de_fw-fr manu_fw-la datio_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o gyve_v out_o of_o the_o hand_n or_o power_n for_o so_o long_o as_o a_o man_n be_v in_o bondage_n and_o seruitute_fw-la he_o be_v subject_n to_o the_o hand_n and_o power_n of_o a_o other_o and_o when_o he_o be_v manumiss_a he_o be_v make_v free_a &_o delyver_v from_o the_o say_a power_n so_o that_o a_o manumission_n be_v nothing_o else_o than_o a_o enfranchisement_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o writing_a testifieng_v that_o the_o lord_n have_v enfranchise_v his_o villayn_n &_o all_o his_o offpring_n and_o sequel_n also_o if_o the_o lord_n make_v to_o his_o villain_n a_o obligation_n of_o a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n or_o grauntethe_v to_o he_o by_o his_o deed_n a_o annuity_n or_o yearly_a pension_n or_o lease_v to_o he_o by_o deed_n land_n or_o tenemente_n for_o term_n of_o year_n any_o of_o these_o act_n do_v imply_v a_o enfranchisement_n likewise_o if_o the_o lord_n make_v a_o feoffement_n to_o his_o villain_n and_o make_v unto_o he_o lyvery_n of_o seysâ—_n this_o also_o be_v a_o enfranchisment_n and_o secret_a manumission_n brefe_o to_o speak_v where_o so_o ever_o the_o lord_n compel_v his_o villain_n by_o the_o course_n of_o the_o law_n to_o do_v that_o thing_n that_o he_o may_v otherwise_o enforce_v he_o to_o do_v or_o to_o suffer_v without_o the_o authority_n and_o compulsion_n of_o the_o law_n he_o do_v by_o implication_n enfranchise_v his_o villain_n as_o if_o the_o lord_n will_v bring_v against_o his_o villain_n a_o action_n of_o det_fw-la a_o action_n of_o account_n of_o covenant_n or_o of_o trespass_n these_o and_o such_o like_v be_v in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o law_n enfranchisemente_n and_o manumission_n because_o that_o the_o lord_n in_o all_o these_o case_n may_v have_v the_o effect_n and_o purpose_n of_o his_o suit_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o good_n catel_n and_o correction_n of_o his_o bondman_n without_o the_o compulsion_n of_o the_o law_n even_o by_o his_o own_o proper_a power_n and_o authority_n which_o he_o have_v upon_o his_o villain_n but_o if_o the_o lord_n do_v sue_v his_o vilayne_n by_o a_o appeal_n of_o felonye_n the_o villain_n be_v lawful_o endyte_v of_o the_o same_o before_o this_o be_v no_o tacit_a manumission_n or_o enfranchisement_n for_o the_o lord_n though_o he_o have_v power_n to_o beat_v his_o villain_n and_o to_o spoil_v he_o of_o his_o good_n yet_o he_o can_v not_o by_o the_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n put_v he_o to_o death_n you_o shall_v also_o understande_v that_o if_o a_o man_n villain_n purchase_v landê_n or_o acquyre_v and_o get_v unto_o he_o any_o other_o thing_n the_o lord_n may_v by_o and_o by_o entre_fw-fr and_o seize_v the_o same_o in_o to_o his_o own_o hand_n wherefore_o if_o the_o lord_n will_v bring_v against_o his_o villain_n a_o praecipe_fw-la ê™_n reddat_fw-la by_o which_o he_o demand_v against_o his_o villain_n any_o land_n or_o tenemente_n this_o impli_v a_o enfranchisement_n for_o asmoche_n as_o he_o bind_v himself_o to_o the_o prescripte_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o law_n where_o as_o he_o may_v use_v his_o own_o authority_n by_o enter_v and_o seize_v the_o say_a land_n final_o you_o shall_v mark_v that_o some_o villain_n be_v call_v villain_n in_o gross_a and_o other_o some_o be_v call_v villain_n regardant_a in_o gross_a be_v they_o of_o which_o the_o lord_n be_v several_o seize_v and_o not_o by_o reason_n of_o any_o lordeshyp_n or_o manner_n but_o they_o be_v call_v regardaunte_n which_o do_v belong_v to_o a_o manoure_n of_o which_o the_o lord_n be_v seize_v and_o the_o say_a villain_n have_v be_v regardant_a that_o be_v to_o say_v expectant_a and_o attendante_fw-la time_n out_o of_o mind_n to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o say_a manor_n in_o do_v unto_o he_o such_o service_n as_o to_o a_o villain_n appertain_v â§_o of_o rent_n â§_o for_o asmoch_v as_o upon_o every_o tenure_n there_o be_v common_o reserve_v one_o rend_v or_o other_o therefore_o i_o think_v it_o good_a sumwhat_o to_o treat_v of_o rent_n but_o you_o must_v understande_v that_o there_o be_v sundry_a sort_n of_o rent_n there_o be_v one_o kind_n of_o rend_v which_o be_v call_v rend_a service_n â—n_v other_o which_o be_v call_v rend_a charge_n and_o the_o three_o which_o be_v name_v in_o french_a rend_v seek_v that_o be_v to_o say_v in_o latin_a redditus_fw-la siccus_fw-la a_o dry_a rend_v now_o rend_v service_n be_v so_o call_v because_o it_o be_v knit_v to_o the_o tenure_n and_o be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o service_n whereby_o a_o man_n hold_v his_o land_n or_o tenementê_n or_o at_o least_o way_n when_o the_o rend_v be_v unseverable_o couple_v and_o knit_v with_o the_o service_n as_o for_o a_o exemple_n where_o the_o tenant_n hold_v his_o land_n of_o the_o king_n or_o of_o any_o other_o lord_n by_o fealty_n and_o by_o certain_a rend_v or_o by_o homage_n fealty_n and_o certain_a rent_n or_o by_o any_o other_o sort_n of_o service_n &_o by_o certain_a rent_n this_o rent_n be_v call_v rend_v service_n and_o here_o you_o shall_v note_v that_o if_o this_o rend_a service_n be_v at_o any_o time_n when_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v pay_v behind_o and_o unpayde_v the_o lord_n of_o who_o the_o land_n or_o tenement_n be_v so_o hold_v whether_o it_o be_v in_o fee_n simple_a fe_o tail_n for_o term_v of_o life_n for_o year_n or_o at_o will_n may_v of_o common_a right_a entre_fw-fr and_o distrain_v for_o the_o rent_n though_o there_o be_v no_o mention_v at_o all_o ne_fw-fr clause_n of_o distress_n put_v in_o the_o deed_n or_o lease_n i_o say_v before_o that_o yâ—_z nature_n of_o this_o rend_a service_n be_v to_o be_v couple_v and_o knit_v to_o the_o tenure_n for_o where_o no_o tenure_n be_v there_o can_v be_v no_o rent_n service_n and_o therefore_o if_o at_o this_o day_n i_o be_v seize_v of_o land_n in_o fee_n simple_a and_o make_v a_o deed_n of_o feffement_n of_o the_o same_o to_o a_o other_o in_o fe_o simple_a reserve_v by_o the_o same_o deed_n a_o rend_v this_o can_v be_v call_v no_o rend_v service_n because_o there_o can_v be_v now_o no_o tenure_n between_o the_o feffoure_n and_o the_o feffee_n otherwise_o it_o be_v of_o feffemente_n in_o fee_n simple_a make_v before_o the_o statute_n of_o westmester_n the_o third_o call_v quia_fw-la emptores_fw-la terrarum_fw-la for_o before_o the_o make_n of_o yâ—_z statute_n if_o a_o man_n have_v make_v a_o feoffement_n in_o fe_o simple_a reserve_v to_o he_o a_o certain_a rent_n yea_o though_o it_o have_v be_v wtout_fw-fr deed_n here_o have_v be_v create_v a_o new_a tenure_n between_o the_o feffoure_n and_o the_o feffee_n and_o the_o feffee_n shall_v have_v hold_v of_o the_o feffoure_n who_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o same_o may_v of_o common_a right_n have_v distreyn_v for_o such_o rent_n but_o at_o this_o day_n by_o force_n of_o the_o say_a act_n there_o can_v be_v no_o such_o hold_v or_o tenure_n create_v nor_o begin_v and_o consequent_o no_o rent_n service_n can_v be_v at_o this_o day_n reserve_v upon_o any_o gift_n in_o fee_n simple_a except_o it_o be_v in_o the_o king_n case_n who_o be_v chief_a lord_n of_o all_o ever_o might_n and_o may_v give_v land_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o he_o thus_o you_o see_v that_o at_o this_o day_n no_o subject_n can_v reserve_v any_o rend_v service_n unto_o he_o unless_o the_o reversion_n of_o the_o land_n or_o tenemente_n that_o he_o shall_v grant_v be_v still_o in_o he_o as_o where_o he_o grauntethe_v they_o in_o feâ—_n tail_n or_o make_v but_o a_o lease_n for_o term_n of_o life_n or_o for_o certain_a year_n or_o ell_n at_o wil._n for_o in_o all_o these_o case_n the_o reversion_n of_o the_o fee_n simple_a remain_v still_o in_o he_o and_o therefore_o if_o here_o be_v any_o rent_n reserve_v it_o be_v to_o be_v call_v a_o rend_a service_n and_o be_v of_o common_a right_a distreynable_a
tenemente_n or_o hereditamendte_n except_o that_o such_o disseasour_n have_v have_v the_o peasible_a possession_n of_o the_o land_n tenemente_n or_o hereditamente_n whereof_o he_o shall_v so_o die_v seize_v by_o the_o space_n of_o five_o year_n next_o after_o the_o disseisin_n by_o he_o commit_v without_o entre_fw-fr or_o continual_a claim_n by_o such_o as_o have_v lawful_a title_n thereunto_o â§_o the_o limitation_n of_o prescription_n enact_v anno_fw-la xxxii_o hen._n viij_o no_o person_n shall_v sue_v or_o maintain_v any_o write_v of_o right_a or_o make_v any_o title_n or_o claym_v to_o any_o land_n tenemente_n rent_n annuity_n commons_n pension_n portion_n corrovy_n or_o other_o herevitamente_n of_o the_o possession_n of_o his_o ancestor_n or_o predecessor_n and_o declare_v any_o further_a season_n or_o possession_n of_o his_o auncestour_n or_o predecessor_n but_o only_o of_o the_o season_n or_o possession_n of_o his_o ancestor_n or_o predecessor_n which_o have_v be_v seize_v of_o the_o same_o within_o lx_o year_n next_o before_o yâ—_z testae_fw-la of_o the_o same_o write_v or_o next_o before_o the_o say_a title_n or_o claim_n so_o to_o be_v sue_v also_o no_o person_n shall_v sue_v or_o maintain_v any_o assize_n of_o mortancestor_n cozenage_n ayle_n write_v of_o entry_n upon_o disseason_n do_v to_o any_o of_o his_o ancestor_n or_o predecessor_n or_o any_o other_o action_n possessary_a upon_o the_o possession_n of_o any_o of_o his_o ancestor_n or_o predecessor_n for_o any_o land_n or_o other_o hereditamente_n of_o any_o further_a season_n or_o possession_n of_o his_o ancestor_n or_o predecessor_n but_o only_o of_o the_o season_n or_o possession_n of_o his_o ancestor_n or_o predecessor_n which_o be_v seize_v of_o yâ—_z same_o within_o fifty_o year_n next_o before_o the_o testae_fw-la of_o the_o oryginall_a of_o yâ—_z same_o write_v and_o no_o person_n shall_v maintain_v any_o action_n for_o any_o land_n or_o other_o hereditamente_n upon_o his_o own_o season_n or_o possession_n therein_o above_o xxx_o year_n next_o before_o the_o testae_fw-la of_o the_o original_n of_o the_o same_o write_v item_n no_o person_n shall_v make_v any_o avowry_n or_o cognisaunce_n for_o any_o rend_a suit_n or_o service_n &_o allege_v any_o season_n of_o the_o same_o in_o his_o avowry_n or_o cognisance_n in_o the_o possession_n of_o his_o ancestor_n or_o predecessor_n or_o in_o his_o own_o possession_n or_o in_o yâ—_z possession_n of_o any_o other_o who_o estate_n he_o shall_v claym_v to_o have_v above_o fifty_o year_n next_o before_o the_o make_n of_o the_o say_a avowry_n or_o conysaunce_n moreover_o all_o formdowne_v in_o reverter_n formedowne_v in_o remainder_n and_o scÃre_o facÃa_v upon_o fyâ—es_n of_o land_n or_o other_o hereditamente_n at_o any_o time_n to_o be_v sue_v shall_v be_v take_v within_o fifty_o year_n next_o after_o the_o title_n of_o action_n fall_v and_o if_o any_o person_n do_v sue_v any_o of_o the_o say_a action_n or_o writ_n for_o any_o land_n or_o other_o hereditamente_n or_o make_v any_o avowry_n conysance_n prescription_n or_o claim_n for_o any_o rend_v suit_n service_n or_o other_o hereditamente_n and_o can_v not_o prove_v yâ—_z he_o or_o his_o ancestor_n or_o predecessor_n be_v in_o actual_a possession_n or_o season_n therein_o at_o any_o time_n wtin_n yâ—_z year_n before_o limit_v if_o the_o same_o be_v traverse_a or_o deny_v by_o yâ—_z party_n plaintiff_n demandant_n or_o avouant_n or_o by_o the_o party_n tenant_n or_o defendant_n he_o and_o his_o heir_n shall_v from_o henseforth_o be_v utter_o bar_v for_o ever_o of_o every_o the_o say_a wrytte_n action_n avowry_n conisance_n prescription_n title_n and_o claim_n hereafter_o to_o be_v sue_v or_o make_v for_o yâ—_z same_o landê_n tenemente_n or_o other_o the_o premise_n for_o which_o the_o same_o action_n write_v avowry_n conysance_n title_n or_o claim_n hereafter_o shall_v be_v at_o any_o time_n sew_v or_o make_v provide_v that_o all_o person_n which_o now_o have_v any_o of_o yâ—_z say_v action_n writtê_n avowry_n scire_fw-la facias_fw-la conisance_n prescription_n title_n or_o claim_n depend_v or_o that_o hereafter_o shall_v sue_v or_o bring_v any_o of_o the_o say_a writtê_n or_o action_n or_o make_v any_o of_o the_o say_a avowry_n cognisance_n prescription_n title_n or_o claim_n at_o any_o time_n before_o the_o feast_n of_o the_o ascension_n of_o our_o lord_n which_o shall_v be_v in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n a_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o forty_o and_o syxe_n shall_v allege_v the_o season_n of_o their_o ancestor_n or_o predecessor_n or_o their_o own_o possession_n and_o season_n &_o also_o have_v all_o other_o like_o advantage_n in_o the_o same_o writ_n action_n avowry_n conisance_n prescription_n and_o claim_v as_o they_o may_v have_v have_v before_o yâ—_z make_o of_o this_o statute_n provide_v also_o that_o if_o any_o person_n be_v now_o within_o the_o age_n of_o xxi_o year_n or_o covert_a baron_n or_o in_o prison_n or_o out_o of_o this_o realm_n of_o england_n now_o have_v cause_n to_o have_v or_o bring_v any_o of_o yâ—_z say_a writ_n or_o action_n or_o to_o make_v any_o avowry_n cognisance_n prescription_n or_o claim_v it_o shall_v be_v lauful_a to_o such_o person_n to_o sue_v or_o bring_v any_o of_o the_o say_a action_n or_o to_o make_v any_o of_o the_o say_a avowry_n cognisance_n title_n or_o claim_n at_o any_o time_n wtin_n syxe_v year_n next_o after_o such_o person_n now_o be_v within_o age_n shall_v accomplish_v the_o age_n of_o xxi_o year_n or_o now_o be_v covert_a baron_n shall_v be_v sole_a or_o now_o be_v in_o prison_n shall_v be_v at_o their_o liberty_n or_o now_o be_v out_o of_o this_o realm_n shall_v come_v &_o be_v within_o this_o realm_n and_o that_o every_o such_o person_n in_o their_o say_a action_n avowry_n conisance_n title_n or_o claim_n to_o be_v make_v sue_v or_o commence_v wtin_n the_o say_a syxe_n year_n shall_v allege_v the_o season_n of_o their_o ancestor_n or_o predecessor_n or_o of_o their_o own_o possession_n or_o of_o the_o possession_n of_o those_o who_o estate_n they_o shall_v then_o claim_v and_o also_o within_o the_o same_o syxe_n year_n shall_v have_v like_o advantage_n in_o yâ—_z same_o as_o they_o may_v have_v have_v before_o yâ—_z make_o of_o this_o act_n provide_v also_o that_o if_o the_o say_a ê‘son_n now_o be_v within_o age_n or_o covert_a baron_n in_o prison_n or_o out_o of_o this_o realm_n do_v dye_v within_o age_n or_o be_v covert_n or_o while_o they_o shall_v be_v in_o prison_n or_o out_o of_o this_o realm_n or_o decease_n wtin_n vi_o year_n next_o after_o they_o shall_v accomplysh_a their_o full_a age_n or_o shall_v be_v at_o large_a within_o this_o realm_n or_o shall_v become_v sole_a and_o no_o determination_n or_o iugement_n have_v of_o such_o title_n action_n or_o right_n so_o to_o they_o aâ—rewed_v than_o the_o next_o heir_n of_o such_o person_n so_o die_v shall_v enjoy_v like_o advantage_n to_o sue_v demand_n advow_v declare_v or_o make_v their_o say_a title_n claim_v or_o prescription_n within_o vi_o year_n next_o after_o the_o death_n of_o such_o person_n as_o yâ—_z same_o infant_n after_o his_o full_a age_n or_o the_o say_a woman_n covert_n after_o the_o death_n of_o her_o husband_n or_o the_o same_o person_n be_v out_o of_o this_o realm_n after_o his_o repair_n or_o come_n in_o to_o the_o 〈◊〉_d or_o the_o say_a ê‘son_n imprison_v after_o his_o enlargement_n and_o come_n out_o off_o prison_n may_v have_v have_v within_o vi_o year_n then_o next_o ensew_v by_o force_n of_o the_o provision_n last_o before_o rehearse_v â–ª_o provide_v also_o that_o if_o any_o person_n before_o the_o say_a feast_n of_o the_o ascension_n sue_v any_o of_o the_o say_a action_n or_o make_v any_o avowry_n title_n or_o claim_n &_o the_o same_o happen_v by_o the_o death_n of_o any_o the_o party_n thereunto_o to_o be_v abate_v before_o iugement_n or_o determination_n thereof_o have_v than_o the_o say_v person_n be_v demaundantes_n or_o avowante_n or_o make_v any_o such_o cognisaunce_n prescription_n title_n or_o claim_n be_v than_o on_o live_v and_o if_o not_o than_o their_o next_o heir_n may_v commence_v their_o action_n and_o make_v their_o avowry_n conisaunce_n or_o claim_n upon_o yâ—_z same_o matter_n within_o one_o year_n next_o after_o such_o suit_n abate_v and_o shall_v have_v like_o advamttage_n to_o sue_v demand_n avow_v declare_v or_o make_v their_o say_a title_n claim_v or_o prescription_n within_o the_o say_v one_o year_n as_o the_o demaundantes_n in_o such_o write_v or_o suit_n abate_v or_o as_o such_o as_o do_v avow_v or_o make_v conisance_n title_n claim_n or_o prescription_n may_v have_v enjoy_v in_o the_o say_v former_a action_n or_o suit_n provide_v furthermore_o that_o if_o any_o false_a verdict_n happen_v hereafter_o to_o be_v give_v in_o any_o of_o the_o say_a action_n suit_n avowre_n prescription_n title_n or_o claimê_n than_o the_o