setâ—on foot his Commission of Array which the Parliament likewise inhibit to be obeyed any where but neither of them signified any thing to those that were bent and inclined to each Cause so that the preparations for War both of Men Horse Money and Arms went on very fast especially on the Parliament side at London where all persons of all ages and Sexes contributed so excessively to the furtherance of the War that the sum which it amounted unto is almost incredible This money was borrowed upon the credit of the PVBLICK FAITH a name much adored then and as much contemned and hated now The King finding how the pulse of these distracted Kingdom did beat giving symptomes of some violent disease and distemper approaching redoubled His instances to the Houses for peace adjuring them to prevent that bloodshed now so threatning and imminent and they regest the like entreaties and obtestationâ— upon him but not bating an ace or receding a tittle from their first Demands so that there was no hopes or likelihood of a Pacification His Majesty therefore having called the Gentry of York together at a Rendezvous protested his unwillingness as well as unprovidedness for a War desiring if he should be thereunto compelled their assistance in the maintenance of His most just Cause and then departed for Lincolnshire to Newark whether he had sent before his Letters Mandatory to my Lord Willoughby of Parham charging him to desist from raising levying opexercising any forces within that County by vertue of his Commission from the Parliament wherein nevertheless he had proceeded Here the King convened the Gentlemen of this County and made to them the like protestations and having received some small Supplies returned back again to York At the same time the Parliament were listing men apace appointed their General and the Superior Officers of the Army At York the King made the Marquess of Hertford Lieutenant General of the Western Counties intending forthwith himself to set upon Hull a place he had designed once to have made a magazine for Ireland to reduce those Rebells which he had often declared to the two Houses but they would by no means consent to it but upon deliberate advice he pass by â—t onely making one attempt near it to shew his just indignation and to satisfie his Honor where â—e lost unhappily some twenty men and marched directly into Nottinghamshire About the beginning of August he came to Nottingham Town and on the tenth of the same Moneth published his Royal Proclamation commanding and enjoyning all his Subjects to the Northward of Trent and twenty miles Southward to Rendezvous at Nottingham the 23. of that instant where he according to the purpose of his Proclamation set up his Standard where appeared 5 or 6000 mâ—n After a view and Muster of these Royal Volunteers the King proceeded to the nomination of a General who was the Right Honourable the Earl of Lindsey General formerly for the Roâ—hil Expedition and the Parliament made Robert Earl of Essex their Captain General the Earl of Bedford General of the Horse Essex about this time departed from London in great state and magnificence The King leaves Nottinghamshire and marched into Staffordshire thence into Leicestershire caressing the Gentry all the way he went so into the Confines of Wales and sate down at last in Shresbury where he much increased his strength whereupon the Earl of Essex was ordered to advance towards the King and hinder his new Leavies having then Commission to rescue the King out of the hands of his evil Councellors He marched therefore from S. Albans into Northampton being strong to the number of 14000 men Portsmouth was now taken by Sir Iohn Merrick having first surprized Southsea Castle and held for the Parliament Coâ—â—o Goring being forced to yield it the Town being commanded by that Castle before the Marquess of Hertford could come to the relief of it being then besieged in Sherburn by the Earl of Bedford Goring according to agreement passing for the present over into France The Earl of Essex advanceth into Worcestershire while the Army staid still at Shrewsbury expecting forces out of Southwales to prevent the conjunction of whom Essex sent a party of horse under the command of Colonel Sands betwixt whom and Prince Rupert and the Lord Byron happened a smart incounter in the lanes neer Worcester City where at first the Parliament Army had the better but Prince Rupert falling in the Rear forced them to leave their design Colonel Sands was desperately wounded his Major Douglass was killed with the loss of threescore men nevertheless Essex hastily advancing the Cavaliers quitted Worcester which was Garrison'd for the Parliament While the Earl of Essex staid here about setling the Militia the King passed directly away from Shrewsbury where he had coyned money out of the Plate freely brought him by the Gentry to London having got the start of Essex who thereupon doubled his hast after him the King therefore resolved to fight him and staid at Keynton whether next morning came the Essexians Sunday the 23 of Octob. being the same day twelvemoneth the Irish Rebellion broke forth both Armies met at the bottom of Edge-hill from which the Kings forces descended to the fight The Earl of Linsey commanded the main body Prince Rupert commanded the right wing the left was commanded by the Lord Wilmot Of the Parliaments side the Earl of Essex commanded the battel Sir Iames Ramsey the left wing of horse and Sir William Balfour and Sir Philip Stapleton the left Prince Rupert suddenly overthrew the left wing of horse under Ramsey but overcharging and following the pursuit too far Essex seeing the Kings foot destitute on that side charged furiously where the General Lindsey fighting with a half pike in his hand afoot was wounded of which he presently died and taken and his Son the Lord Willoughby coming to his rescue was taken with him The Standard-bearer also Sir Edmund Varney so valiantly the Parliamentarians prest upon the Kings foot was killed and the Standard seized but freed again by Sir Iohn Smith who was Knighted under it and it committed to his defence Here was also killed the Noble Lord Aubigney with sundry other inferiour Officers On the Parliaments side were slain the Lord S. Iohn of Bletso who died presently of his wounds being offered in exchange for the Lord Willoughby and Col. Tho. Essex newly come from Worcester The number of the slain on both sides was very neer equal in the whole amounting to neer 5000 men and the victory remained as equal betwixt them the Earl of Essex lodging that night which parted the fray upon the field where they fought and the King ascending the hill from whence he came down that morning keeping great fires all the night The Earl of Essex next day marched towards Coventry and the King by Ayno where his Army refreshed themselves to Banbury which was presently delivered to him and so
the cheif of that Cabal Several Towns and Castles lost and taken by both parties Anno Domini 1644. SIR William Waller after his reducement of Arundel Castle marched to finde out my Lord Hopton to cry quits with him for his defeat at Roundway Down both Armies were near one another a good space for my Lord hovered about Winchester and those parts at Brandon Heath near Alesford Hopton was drawn up having a little before in his intended march to the releif of Arundel beaten Col. Norton into Chichester who endeavoured to impede him and stood ready to receive Sir William who had taken the advantage of a hill from which the Cavaliers with fury beat him and drove him to another where under the shelter of some buâ—hes and trees he so galled the Kings Horse that they were forced in disorder to retreat on their foot There was a hollow betwixt both Bodies which each endeavouring to gain many men found it for their graves on both sides My Lord Hopton therefore seeing the slaughter that was made and likely to continue upon his men timely drew off his Artillery and Canon towards Winchester and then wheeling about marched for Basing and so presently to Oxford In this fight was killed on the Kings part that valiant person Iohn Lord Stuart second Brother to the Duke of Richmond who died at Abbington of his wounds received Here Sir Iohn-Smith Col. Sandys Col. Scot and Col. Manwaring with divers other persons of quality wounded among whom was Sir Edward Stawell eldest son to Sir Iohn and Sir Henry now Lord Bard besides private souldiers above 1400. Of the Parliaments side few men of note killed about 900 common souldiers Colonel Dolbier wounded and Colonel Thompsons leg shot off by a Canon buller The Earl of Essex and Waller who had followed my Lord Hopton to Basing and there shewed a mind or besieging the House now joyned their Armies together amounting to a very great strength with intention to set upon the King at Oxford wherefore the Queen was sent away with a sufficient Convoy to Exeter in the mean time Essex plunders Abbington and makes a Garrison of it afterwards The King in the mean while marcheth with his Army from Oxford to Worcester which caused the two Parliament Generals to divide their forces again Waller was to go after the King as they termed it A King-catching while Essex marched with another gallant Army into the West which was totally lost from the Parliament The King had but few forces about him by reason that Prince Rupert was sent with the greatest part of the Army to the relief of York then besieged by the joynt power of three Armies the Scots Manchesters and Fairfaxes Prince Rupert in his way storms Bolton and plunders it The King having traversed his ground came back again from Worcester and Sir William Waller from out of the skirts of Glocestershire was ready at his heels so he overtook him neer Banbury at a place called Cropredy-Bridge Waller drew up in Bartalia on a hill expecting the advantage of the Kings pasting the Bridge which the King adventuring to do Waller descends from his Post and fall upon the Kings Rear beyond the Bridge where he was so gallantly received by the Earls of Cleveland and Northampton that he was quite routed 600 kill'd and 700 taken prisoners his Train of Artillery and many of his Officers so that Sir William was forced to fly to have recourse â—o London for another recruit It was therefore resolved upon this defeat of Waller that the Kâ—ng should immediately follow the Earl of Essex who was advanced so far that the Queen who was delivered of the Princess Henrietta at Exeter the sixteenth of Iune in the moneth of Iuly was fain to be gone from Exeter for fear of a siege and carry the young Lady along with her into France where she landed on the 25th at Brest in Britany At the beginning of August the King had overtaken the Earl of Essex at Lâ—stithel his force in so ill a condition through their long march and their want of necessaries which the Country people kept from them that it was concluded an easie thing to conquer them The King therefore resolved to coop them up and keep all manner of provisions from them After two or three daies league in this manner the Parliament horse broke through the Kings Army by night the General and the Lord Roberts at whose instance this expedition was undertaken got by boat from Foy to Plymouth and the foot being destitute and deserted by the horse under the Command of Major General Skippon came to a Capitulation by which it was agreed they should render their Aâ—ms Ammunition Artillery and Stores into the hands of the King and have liberty as many as would to pass home they engaging never more to bear Arms against the King so that by this defeat the Parliament were quite undone in the West as to present appearance But though success crowned the King here it failed him as much in the North whether Prince Rupert was advanced as was said before for the relief of York For upon notice of the Princes approach having with him the bravest Army that ever was seen in England both for number and persons The Confederate Forces of Scotch and English drew ofâ— from before the City and drew up into a fighting posture On the 〈◊〉 of Iuly the Marquess of Newcastle the Prince joyned their forces together On the third both Armies met one another upon a great plain called Marston-Mooâ— the Prince being General commanded the right wing General Goring Sir Charles Lucas and Col. Tillier the main body and my Lord of Newcastle the left wing who had a stout Regiment of White-coats called his Lambs At the first onset the Prince totally routed the Scots who were opposed to him and out of desire of revenge for their unnatural siding with the Parliament of England pursued them so lar that he came not back time enough to the assistance of his own But most remarkable was the valour of the English under Manchester led by Lievtenant General Cromwell who being the Reserve of the Army when the Prince was so far ingaged fell in so impetuously with the Curaziers that they bore down all before them the field was now almost cleared the Scots and Fairfaxes men on one side being fled and giving the day for lost and the main body of the Kings being discomfited and Prince Rupert just returned to see the overthrow so that there was none standing in the field save only my Lord of Newcastles men upon whose Lambs a terrible slaughter was committed while they discharged the parts of valiant expert and Loyal Subjects refusing quarter and casting themselves into rings till there were very few of them left and it had been a shame for the enemy to have killed such gallant and brave persons In conclusion the Cromwellians prevailed killing of the King Army
you in a way First you are out of the way for certainly all the wayes you ever had yet as far as I could find by any thing is in the way of Conquests Certainly this is an ill way for Conquest in my Opinion is never just except there he a just and good cause either for matter of wrong or a just title and then if ye go beyond the first quarrel that ye have that makes it unjust at the end that was just at first for if there be only matter of Conquest then it is a great robbery as a Pyrate said to Alexander That he was the great Robber himself himself was but a petty Robber And so Sirs I do think for the way that you are in you are much out of the way Now Sirs to put you in the way believe it you will never go right nor God will never prosper you until you give God his due the King his due that is my Successor and the people their due I am as much for them as any of you You must give God his due by regulating rightly his Church according to the Scripture which is now out of order and to set you in a way particularly now I cannot but only this A National Synod freely called freely debating among themselves must settle this When every Opinion is freely and clearly heard For the King indeed I will not the Laws of the Land will clearly instruct you for that therefore because it concerns mine own particular I only give you a touch of it For the People truly I desire their liberty and freedome as much as any body whomsoever But I must tell you that their liberty and their freedome consist in having Government under those Laws by which their lives and theirs may be most their own it is not in having a share in the Government that is nothing pertaining to them A Subject and a Soveraign are clean different things and therefore until you do that I mean that you put the people into that liberty as I say certainly they will never enjoy themselves Sirs it was for this that now I am hither come for if I would have given way to an arbitrary way for to have all Laws changed according to the power of the Sword I need not have come here and therefore I tell you and I pray God it be not laid to your charge that I am the Martyr of the people Introath Sirs I shall not hold you any longer I will only say this to you that I could have desired some little time longer because I would have put this what I have said in a little better order and have had it a little better digested then I have done and therefore I hope you will excuse me I have delivered my Conscience I pray God you take those courses that are best for the good of the Kingdome and your own Salvation After some Ejaculations he laid down his Head upon the Block and stretched out his hands The Sâ—gn 〈◊〉 had it severed from his body at one blow by the Vizarded Executioner who presently held it up and shewed it to the people His Head and Trunk were afterwards coffined in Lead and exposed to publick view at S. Iames's till lastly the Duke of Lenâ—â— the Marquess of Hartford the Earl of Southampton and the Bishop of London begged the Body to bury it which they conducted to Windsor Chappel-Royal and there interred it with only this Inscâ—â—ption upon the Coâ—â—â— CHARLES KING OF ENGLAND MDC.XLVIII After this most 〈◊〉 murder they declared themselves to be a Free State setting out a Proclamation wherein they declare thâ—t no person hath Right to the Crown oâ— England abolishing thereby the â—ingly â—overnment and debarring of our Rightful Soveraign â—om any claim c. declaring him also a Traytor with the rest of the Royal Issue for refusing the publication of which the Lord Mayor Reynoldson was outed imprisoned and fined 2000 l. In March they proceed with their High Court of Justice newly modelled and a new President to the Tryal of these Noble persons they had in custody about the last years risings whereof Duke Hamilton Earl of Holland Earl of Norwich the Lord Capel and Sir Iohn Owen were condemned to be beheaded the Duke and Holland and Capel were accordingly executed in the Palace-yard the other two with much ado were pardoned Pâ—ntâ—fract Castle was now rendred to the Parliament by Colonel Morris being the last Garrison for the King in England Now they had leisure to look towards Ireland whether Lievtenant General Cromwell was sent with an Army of 10000 men which landed about this time at Dublin where a little before Colonel Iones the Governour having received a supply of 1000 men had sallied out and beaten my Lord of Ormond from off the siege where he lay with 20000 and upwards through the carelesness and treachery of the Guards Here were slain to the number of three thousand and five thousand taken prisoners this proved the loss of all Ireland which was then entirely for the King save this City and London-Derry Anno Domoni 1649. Cromwell upon his arrival sets presently forward towards Tredah whereinto the Lord Lievtenant Ormond had put a Garrison of choice English and some Irish to this Town he gave three assaults and was valiantly repulsed but in conclusion of the third the Town was entred and man woman and children put to the sword for three daies in cold bloud with the Governour himself Sir Arthur Aston a well experienced and valiant Captain Anno Dom. 1649. and 1650. VPon this success Trim and Dundalk yielded themselves to him the Marquess of Ormond hovering neer him with his Army but yet not daring to attempt any thing Wexford was the next Town he attaqued which by storm he took also putting all in arms to the sword thence to Passage Fort and so to Waterford from whence he considering the Winter approaching drew off to quarters having already possession of most of the Towns of Ireland Limrick Galloway Clonmell and Kilkenny excepted which soon after were reduced by him and his Successor Ireton and that Kingdome was wholly brought in subjection to the Parliament The next thing that busied the new Commonwealth was the affairs of Scotland who had long before proclaimed the King and were now treating with him therefore they recalled home Lievtenant General Cromwell whom upon Fairfaxes refusal of going against the Scots they now advanced to be General He came Iune the last to London having landed at Bristol and was highly treated by the Parliament Dorislaus that drew up the charge against the King was killed at the Hague in May last and Ascham that was sent on the same errand to the King of Spain was killed also by some English men in his Inne at Supper this did mightily inrage the new Commonwealth that their Minâ—sters could no where be protected According to the conclusion of the Treaty between the King and his Subjects
this then exclusion of their Members and taxes and the fear of other pressures the Nation having had too late and long experience of their Government so stomacked the people that designs were every where laid to turn them out of their new acquired Authority But the most powerfullest attempt against them was in Cheshire under Sir George Bâ—ooh with whom there rose to the number of 4000 or 5000 men and most of the Gentlemen of that County Against these Major General Lambert then highly in favour with the Rump so it was commonly called was sent with an Army which with addition out of Ireland very neer equalled that number At a place called Northwich a small skirmish happened between them some fourteen killed and wounded whereupon those under Sir George Booth fled and Chester was delivered with some other holds newly possest by the Cheshire men to Lambert and Zanchy whom he left behind him to reduce them while he himself passed through Lancashire to his house at Craven where with his Officers plotted the dissolution of the Rump which accordingly upon his coming up to London was put in execution October the 11th and now the Army had the sole power in their hands again Lambert hereupon for we must suppose he is the Agent for his own ambition though also agreed upon by Fleetwood and the rest of the Officers erect a Committee of Safery of some thirty of the most eminent amongst them into whose hands they devolve the Supreme Authority But the Members oâ— the Rump resolve not to be baffled so Sir Arthur Hazelrig in December possest himself of Portsmouth and General Monk in Scotland declares his unsatisfiedness in these proceedings of the Army at London so that while Lambert was ingaged in the North and attending the issue of a Treaty with General Monk there the Members return from Portsmouth to London through the division they had wrought in the Army the way they chalked out to their own ruine The Lord Fairfax was also risen with a sufficient force restraining Lamberts men from free quarter so that lacking money and news arrived of the Parliaments sitting at Westminster he comes back to London whither immediately followed him General Monk having been courted all along his march by the Gentlemen of all the Counties of England for a free Parliament At his coming to the Parliament he declared the sense of the Countryes through which he passed but nothing less was minded by them then a new or free Parliament but this and other his actions rendred him very suspitious to them nor was any man assured of his intentions To try him therefore the Rump having been denied moneys by the City and therefore offended with them to ruine both by their express Command the General was sent with his Army into the City pulled down their Gates and Portcullises seized several Citizens at the Guildhall and sent them to the Tower this seemed to portend some dreadful conclusion But in the interim the Rump voted that the Government of the Army should rest in five persons making the General one of those which procedure of theirs presently drew the Curtain to the Scene and design ensuing Anno Dom. 1660. For now the General having rendezvcuzâ—d his Army in Finsbury fields acquainted his Officers with the necessity of introducing the secluded Members ever since 1648. into the Parliament in order to the well-settlement of the Nations to which they assented and forthwith the whole Army marched into London where upon the joyful news of this miraculous turn expecting nothing but massacres and plunderings they were most welcomely entertained nothing being thought too good for these Guests whom they little before more then suspected for their Enemies This was Saturday the of February in the afternoon so that at night the Town was all of a blaze every door having a bonfire where all the contumely and disgrace that could be done a perdite and hated sort of men by burning roasting and frying of all manner of Rumps of Creatures was most spitefully performed their Speaker getting home with much danger to his house in Chancery-lane A fortnights time the General let them alone minding them only of their dissolution which time they spent in making qualifications for the Members to serve in the ensuing Parliament which were so many and so strict and unreasonable that the General delayed no longer but on Munday having convened the aforesaid secluded Members at Whitehall went with them to the Parliament House and there put them in to the confusion and astonishment of the Rumpers many of whom forbore to sit thereafter in company with them as knowing what would ensue The said Members being thus setled addrest themselves immediately to the settlement c. making the General Captain General of all the Forces in the three Kingdomes and nulling some former destructive Votes and establishing a Militia of well-affected and loyal persons in the several Countie of England and then according to the contract and compromise with the General on the day of March dissolved that long and fatal Parliament having ordered Writs to issue out for a new one to sit down at Westminster the 25th of April next the year 1661. In this interval the Government was lodged in a Councel of State who persisted in the same wayes for a settlement leaving the Top-stone to be laid by the Free Parliament a term unusual to our Ancestors but to this Generation a delightful novelty after so many forces and violences upon so many in so few years Colonel Lambert at the instance of the General had by the Rump been sent to the Tower from whence now he broke and escaped and came to Edge-â—â—ll where was intended a great Rendezvouz of the Phanatick part of the Army then male-contented with the proceedings but his design failed of the expected assistance Colonel Ingoldsby being sent in pursuit of him and dispersing his small party at the same place from whence he was brought to London and committed a safer prisoner to the Tower aforesaid On the 25th of April the Parliament convened in both Houses to whom a week after their sitting came a Letter from the Kings Majesty with another to the General and one to the City of I widon brought by Iohn Lord Viscount Mordant and Sir Iohn Greenvile now Earl of Bath which were all with due humility and gladness received and a Vote passed in Parliament that their most humble thanks should be presented by Commissioners appointed to attend his Majesty then at the Hague for his gracious Letters and he should be desired to return with all convenient speed to the exercise of his Kingly Government and Sir Thomas Clarges was first dispatcht by the General on the same Errand where at Court he was very much welcomed Tuesday the eighth of May the King was proclaimed with all the magnificences usual but with the unusual and extraordinary joy of the people who made great bonfires that night and seemed as it were to be in a
to Oxford The King marched from Oxford where by the way to London came Commissioners from the Parliament rendring Propositions and desiring that during the Treaty the Kings Army should march no neerer this way to spin time while Essex could recruit his Army therefore the King advanced from Câ—lebrook and came to Brainford where part of the Parliaments Army being the Regiments of Col. Hollis Hambdenâ— and the L. Brooks for a while maintained themselves stoutly but being over-power'd some were driven into the river and there drowned and 300 slain and as many taken prisoners This brought a general consternation upon the City of London all shops were shut up and all the Regiments both Trained-Bands and Auxiliary were drawn out so that the Earl of Essex had a most compleat and numerous Army oâ— a sudden Hereupon the King presently marched away fearing to be incompassed by the Parliamentarians over Kingston-bridge which he broke down to stop the pursuit Essex made after him to Reading and so to Oxford where he took up his Winter quarters The Cities of Winchester and Chichester delivered to the Parliament Marlborough to the King and my Lord Hopton prevailed against the Earl or Stamford several Townes taken for the King in the West others for the Parliament in the North. Cyrencester had been Garrisoned by the Parliament Forces of Glocester being the midway betwixt that City and Oxford upon this place Prince Rupert had a design though his march that way was given out for the regaining of Shudly Castle out of which Col. Massey had smothered the Cavaleirs with wet hay for after he had passed some ten miles beyond Cirencester he suddenly returned back and surprising the Guards within two hours time became Master of the place puting the Earl of Stamfords Regiment to the sword who made a stout opposition taking 1100 prisoners and 8000 Arms and other provisions for war it being newly made a Magazeen From thence the Prince came before Glocester summoned the Town and departed The Lord Brooks and Northampton were in Arms against each other in the Counties of Warwick and Stafford where several small skirmishes had been between them at last in March the Lord Brook came and besieiged Litchfield Close garrisoned by the King and as he was viewing the approaches to it out of a window in the Town a single bullet from the Close shot him in the head through the eye of which he fell down dead nevertheless the siege was continued and the Close delivered to the Parliamentarians In the North the Queen landed at Bridlington Bay with some supplies of money and Arms for the King and with her Lieut. Gen. King she was conveyed to York and afterwards met the King at Edge-hill where the fight had been And so ended this year with the surrender at Malmsbury to the Parliament again and the defeat of the Lord Fairfax who was chief of the Parliaments forces in the North of ' Bramham by the Earls of Newcastle and Cumberland Scarborough delivered to the King by Brown Bushel Anno Domini 1643. PRince Rupert having coasted the Country from Glocester into Wales returned back by Litchfield intending to reduce it again he had not long lain before it but he compelled the Garrison to surrender To the releif hereof Sir Iohn Gell and Sir William ' Brereton having gathered a considerable strength marched these were met by part of Prince Ruperts forces and some under the command of the valiant Earl of Northampton where the said releif was defeated Sir Iohn Gell routed though the victory cost dear through the loss of that brave Earl who refusing quarter was killed by a private Souldier After General Essex had recruited his Army with new supplies the first thing he attempted was the siege of Reding which being manfully defended by Sir Arthur Aston till he received a wound on his head by the falling of a brick-bat and the releif brought by the King himself from Oxford being worsted at Caversham-Bridge after ten days siege was yeilded by Col. Fielding then substituted Governor to the Parliament In the North things went something equaller then before on the Parliaments side Sir Thomas Fairfax had defeated the Kings Forces under the Marquess of Newcastle at Wakefield and hoyed up the sinking interest of that Cause Monmouth likewise was taken by the Parliaments Forces as also Worder Castle but in the West the King prevailed my Lord Hopton commanded there being a valiant and expert Royalist for the Parliament the Earl of Stamford and Colonel Chidleigh these opposite Forces met the 16. of May in Stratton-field where the Parliamets foot stood stifly to the business but the Horse either through treachery or cowardize not seconding or releiving their Foot an entire Victory fell to the Cavaleers some 1500 of the Parliamentarians being slain and taken prisoners but do of great account lost on either side Chidleigh afterwards came over to the King and my Lord Hopton was made for this good service Baron of Stratton Now the Parliament flew high in their Consultations at home the Grandees working upon the sober part of the Parliament that this action of the Queens in bringing over Arms Money and other provisions for the assistance of the King was a dangerous destructive business wound up the anger of the Two Houses to such a pitch that the Queen was proclaimed Traytor and at the same time down went all the Crosses throughout England particularly the third of this moneth Cheapside-croâ—s was demolished After this beginning of Reformation the Parliament took the Solemn League and Covenant at Westminster this was first framed in Scotland and was generally taken by them in the year 1639. the main drift of it was against the Episcopal Dignity and was now for the mutual endearment of the two Nations assistance being promised the Parliament from Scotland pressed upon all in England where the Parliaments power was paramount being taken throughout London the fifth of this moneth The Earl of Essex advanceth from Reading to Tame where a general sickness seized upon the Army during their quartering thereabout Prince Rupert fell into part of their quarters but the Essexians taking the Alarum and drawing out the business came to a fight in Chalgrave field where Colonel Hambden was mortally wounded It was observeable that in this place the said Colonel Hambden first listed and trained his men in the beginning of the war The Lord Keeper Littleton having fled with the Great Seal to Oxford according to the Kings Command the Parliament voted a new Great Seal to be made The Parliament to redress their affairs in the West had made Sir William Waller Major General of those Counties and had sent him down with a well-furnished Army to meet the Kings Army under my Lord Hopton who having cleared Devonshire after Strafton fight marched Eastward where in Somersetshire Sir William had taken Taunton and Brâ—dgewater Both these Armies met at
Landsdown neer Bath Iuly the fifth The Cavaliers were less in number but supplyed that with valour the fight began about three in the afternoon and was maintained till neer the same time next morning Here my Lord Hoptons powder was blown up by which he was hurt himself and was compelled for want of it to quit the field and shelter his Army in the Devices of his side were lost in this fight about a thousand The persons of quality slain were Sir Bevil Greenvile Mr. Leak my Lord Denicourts son Mr. Barker Mr. Lower and other Gentlemen The loss of private souldiers was as great on Sir Williams side but no persons of extraordinary note Upon my Lord Hoptons taking into the Devices Sir William Waller presently pursued him and cooped him up whereupon a Messenger was dispatcht to the King to inform him of the desperate condition my Lord was in if not timely relieved Prince Maurice the Earl of Carnâ—van and my Lord Wilmoâ— were sent presently with a party of fifteen hundred horse who made such expedition that on the thirteenth of Iuly by break of day they presented themselves alike to besiegers and the besieged to whom they gave a signal of their relief upon a rising ground and presently in an entire body charged Sir Williams Army being received by Sir Arthur Hazelrigs Curaziers at first but they being broken the Fortune of the day soon fell to the Royallists The Parliaments Foot after a little execution done upon them the besieged also being ready to fall upon them laid down their Arms and submitted Sir William Waller and Sir Arthur with much difficulty and greater speed escaped and came throughout to London with the bad news Here were slain neer a thousand men four thousand taken four brass Guns twenty eight Colours of Foot and nine Cornets This loss soon reduced Bristol into the Kings hands being delivered by Colonel Fiennes after three dayes siege for which surrender he had like to have lost his head These successes drew the King into the West where Dorchester Portland Weymouth and Melcomb submitted themselves The like in the North Beverley taken by the Earl of Newcastle Bedford Appleford and Barnstable surrendred and after a little dispute before Exeter and some Granadoes thrown in and firing part of the Suburbs the great Sconce being taken in storm that City was delivered to Prince Maurice and Sir Iohn Berkley made Governour It was therefore concluded to set upon Glocester being the only considerable place that held out for the Parliament in the West and lay very inconvenient hindring the intercourse betwixt Wales and the Kings Countryes the King therefore the tenth of August came himself from Oxford in person before it with a Royal Army while it was hardly imaginable where the Parliament could raise another Army and that done to march for London which proved a fatal mistake to the King for if he had gone directly for London there was no opposition in readiness against him not any place to stay him The King therefore summons Glocester to which the Governor and Mayor return a negative answer so the Guns were set on work many attempts on both sides till the besieged had little or no ammunition left them when on the eighth of September Essex having made up an Army with the Trained-Bands of London and new raised men in the respective Militia's and associated Counties then entirely at the Parliaments devotion came to the releif of it having been encountred at Stow in the Would by several parties of Horse under Prince Rupert but he could not be stopt from advancing Being come within five miles of Glocester upon the brim of a steep hill he discharged two pieces of Canon as a signal of their releif which was answered by the Town whereupon the King drew off from before the siege and marched hastily away intending to intercept Essex from returning his men being almost wearied and tired out with their hard march and weather But Essex having releived the Town with all manner of provision directed his march back again and falling into Cirencester from whence the King dislodged the day before and had lest some baggage behinde him took 400 prisoners and the next day matched toward Newbery and by the way was attaqued in Auborn Chase by several Squadrons of the Kings Horse here was killed that French Marquess Mous De la Vejuville having behaved himself valiantly The next day the King possest himself of Newberry the place Essex aimed at so that both Armies met hâ—re and began the fight early in the morning abundance of resolution and valour was manifested on both sides but especially the Trained Bands of London performed far beyond releif Prince Rupert was repelled and beaten back to the right wing of the Kings Army but returned again to the charge with greater fury This Battel like Edge-hill was dubious as to the success but something more bloody The Kings General here was the Lord Ruthen made lately Earl of Brentford On the Kings side were slain near 2500 men among whom were the Earl of Carnarven who had done the King special service the Earl of Sunderland and the learned Lord Faulkland very near the Kings person with Col. Constable Of the Parliaments side not any of note slain save Col. Tucker and some few Officers the number of their slain being near 3500 men After the fight was over in the field a party of Horse under the command of Col. Hurrie followed the Parliament Army in the Lanes toward Reading and put them into some disorder but the body facing about they were repelled back again with loss And so the Parliamentarians to Reading the Trained Bands to London whether soon followed the General and the King returned to Oxford This moneth the King pressed by his Protestant Subjects of Ireland who were not able to subsist longer under the war conclude a Cessation with the Irish Rebels and in November following received a Supply of 3000 men of his Protestant Army which landed in Wales under the command of Sir Michael Ernely the renowned Col. Monk now Duke of Albemarle and others which being by Prince Ruperts order divided into other Regiments were made unserviceable pat of them with the said Colonel being being surprised at Nantwich by Sir Thomas Fairfax Mr. Pym a great stickler of the Faction and the onely Grandee of the times died Hawarden Arundel and Beeston Castles rendred to the King Graston House taken by the Parliament and Arundel in the next Monâ—th taken again by Sir William Waller Now according to stipulation and Compact the Scots enter England with an Army of 2000 in maintenance and purstiance of the end of the Covenant against this invasion the King protested as a Rebellion and sent the Marquess Hamilton prisoner to Pendennis as having deceived the trust the King put in him he all along suggesting that the Scots would never attempt such a thing and yet maintaining correspondencies with
4000 men and rather more prisoners The slaughter that was on the Parliament side was 5000 which fell most upon the Scots on whom the Prince did fierce execution The Fight being thus over which was the bloodiest of all the Wars Prince Rupert fled into Lancâ—ire and so Westward and the Marqueâ— of Newcastle and the other Lord with him took shipping at Newcastle and departed the Kingdome and soon after York â—ndred it self by its Governour Sir Thomas Glenham to the Parliament During the Kings absence in the West and the Princes in the North Sir William Waller had recruited himself and joyned with the forces of Col. Norton and Col. Morley who had drawn down before Basing a house of the Marquess of Winchesters garrison'd by him and kept for the King which being distressed for want both of Ammunition and provision was distressed by the enemy many brave salleys they made and a multitude of men they slew so that it was afterwards called Bâ—sting-House Waller was resolved not to rise cost what it would at length relief was put into it under the conduct of Col. Gage nevertheless he persisted in the enterprise Till after Newbery fight the King marching that way the forces left to block it up rose and departed without it a little before which Banbury siege was also raised by the said Col. Gage afterwards made Governour of Oxford and the Earl of Northampton Hitherto the King seemed to have fortune inclineable to him saving in that unfortunate business of Marston-Moor Now the case began to be disputed Essex had raised another Army aided also by Waller and other forces resolved to fight the King so it came to another battel at the same place of Newbury the Parliamentarians to revenge their disgrace at Lestithiel the Cavaliers to repair their loss at Marston-Moor it was a cruel fight only no more were killed in this then in the former what advantage was lay on Essexes side few men of note were slain on either side save Sir William S. Leger of the Kings and a Colonel of Foot of the Parliaments The Earl of Cleveland making good the Kings retreat was taken prisoner and had it not been for the darkness of the night the King had hardly escaped them Sir George Lisle performed here signal service for the King and the Trained-Bands for the Parliament Essex had clearly the field and from thence marched to the siege of Dennington Castle under whose walls the King had sheltered and drawn his Artillery Somewhat before this Colonel Massey had defeated and slain Col. My and by intelligence with one Kirle had surprized Monmouth Town and had some other successes against Prince Ruperts parties while he staid about Bristol upon design of new Leavies Dennington Castle was as said before but the King sending a considerable force to relieve it the besiegers drew off and marched away to the great scandal of the Earl of Essex and the Officers then in command under him After this sad experience of one anothers strength the Parliament sent Propositions to the King at Oxford which begat the Treaty at â—xbridge before the meeting whereof the Parliament had executed Sir Iohn Hothum and his Son their first Champion for endeavouring or designing to render Hull to the King from which he had formerly shut him out As also 〈◊〉 Alexander Carew for betraying his like trust of Pl◠〈◊〉 Fort. Also during the designment of a Treaty the Com◠〈…〉 â—er-Book was abolished by Ordinance and a Directo◠〈…〉 in the room thereof and for consummation of all the 〈…〉 Bishop of Canterbury was beheaded likewise Though the project of a Treaty was now in hand yet never was the design of the War carried on more fiercely and subtilly The Independents now first appeared the Army must be new modelled another General and other Officers and no persons Members of the House to have any Military Command only Cromwell got himself excepted This design was not nosed by the Presbyterians who were convinced of some deficiency in their old Commanders so that Sir Thomas Fairfax was unanimously agreed upon for General and under him all factious Secâ—aries and wild principled men obtained Command whilest the former Officers were reduced to the condition of Reformad's amongst whom not long after they cashiered Colonel Massey having shifted him from his Government of Glocester to a Command in the Army Alâ—ngdon had been garrison'd by Essex in his expedition into the West Colonel Gage the Governour of Oxford had a design upon it and in the attempt was killed at Cullam bridge The thirtieth of Ianuary that fatal day began the aforesaid Treaty at 〈◊〉 which continued some 23 daies in dispute without any power of the Parliament Commissioners to conclude without them and so ended on the 22 of Feb. The Parliament forces surprize Shrewsbury but Col. Rossiter is defeated in Leicestershire an active man for the Parliament and Sir Marmaduke Langdale relieves Pontâ—sraâ—l Castle and defeat the besiegers twice superiour to him in number About this time there was a kind of Faction in the King Court at Oxford and some alterations betwixt the partie concerning the Kings Councel so that some Lords Savil Percy and Andover were confined and the Parliament that is the Members of the same Houses at Westâ—inster who adhered to the King who by the Kings Order were the year before convened oâ— Oxford were so some reasons adjourned till the tenth of October but that Parliament signified nothing The House oâ— Commons voted that in their new Generals Commission the words For Preservation of His Majesties Person should be left out and accordingly they were so and so ended the year 1644. the last of the King felicity Anno Domini 1645. WE will begin this year though we post-date the time that we may recite all the exploits in Scotland together with the actions of the Renowned Marquess of Montross appointed Governour of the Kingdome of Scotland The year before he came into Scotland attended only by three men much ado he had to pass the wayes being so strictly guarded during the Scotch Army was in England At his arrival in the Highland being supplyed with a 1100 men from the Marquess of Antrim out of Ireland and another addition under the Lord Kilpont and the Earl of Perths son he matched to find out the Army of the Covenantes then gathered under the command of the Earl of Tullibarne the Lords Elch and Drummond consisting of a great force into Perthshire where at Tepper-Moor he obtained a great victory his Souldier for want of Arms and Ammunition making use of the stones lying advantagiously on the fighting ground Here he killed no less then 2000 men whereupon Perth City opened its Gates to the Conquerour To withstand and repress so dangerous an Enemy within the bowels of the Kingdome another Army waâ— raised and put under more expeâ—ienced Captains in the mean while Montross had fallen into Argyles Country
entertained and consultation is held between them what 's fit to be done while the Parliament sitting at Westminster are advising about listing of forces appointing Massey Poyntz and others for General Officers and recall those Members against whom the Army had exhibited a full charge But the Army advanceth neer London so that all these preparations and the stomach of the City soon were dashed and new agreements made their Fortifications and Works to be demolished and the Army admitted to march through in triumph so the fugitive Members were reseated again with their Speaker and all things put in the same bad state and condition they were before and several Lords the Lord Mayor some Aldermen and divers Citizens of great wealth and quality are the one committed to the Black Rod and the other to the Tower so that now all things passed in both Houses according to the disposition of the Army the Parliament being wholly subservient to their designs having made my Lord Fairfax Generalissimo and Constable of the Tower of London In Ireland after the Marquess of Ormond had delivered up by capitulation the Government to Colonel Iones for the Parliament the said Colonel marched out and fought with the Lord Preston but was forced to fly being overpowred by him but the business came to a second encounter neer Trym where the victory fell to Iones killing 5470 foot souldiers taking a very great booty and a number of prisoners and the Lord Inchequin defeats another Army under the Lord Taaf where were slain 4000 more of those Rebels and Sir Charles Coot gave them another defeat so that most of the Towns were reduced and the Rebellion neer extinguished The Scots therefore were desired to retreat with their forces out of Vlster Anno Domini 1648. BEgin we now with the 24th year being the last of King Charles the First 1648. wherein the King seemed as formidable in his interest as ever he was from the beginning of the War The Parliament was divided and jealousies betwixt them and the Army encreased every day Trading stopt so that on the ninth of April another tumult happened in London by the Apprentices who seized the Gates took a Drake from the Lord Mayors and planted it at Ludgate but the Army horse entring with their General at Aldersgate marched to Leaden-Hall and after a little skirmish dispersed them Several Petitions for restitution of the King came from several Counties But in Wales a stronger Insurrection broke out Major General Laughorn formerly a great man for the Parliament Colonel Poyer and Colonel Powell of the same side refuse to disband and presently seize upon Pembroke Castle Tenby Castle and declare for the King Chepstow Castle is likewise taken by Sir Nicholas Kemish for the same side Against these Colonel Horton is sent with three thousand men Horton receives a brush by falling with part of his men under Colonel Fleming into an Ambuscado Whereupon Laughorn hearing of Cromwells advance also resolved to fight Horton so the business came to a fight at S. Fagons where the Welsh being taken on a sudden not intending to fight that day were presently after the first onset routed above five thousand of their eight being taken a great many killed and the rest sheltred in the two Castles aforesaid Sir Iohn Owen was up in Arms in North-Wales and had defeated the Sheriff opposing him but was afterwards taken himself Cromwell storms Tenby Castle and takes it and after a sbort resistance Pembroke yielded upon discretion as to the lives of those three Commanders whereof one Colonel Poyer died by lot and so Cromwell having quieted Wales Sir Nicholas Kemish being slain by the storming of Chepstow Castle which he had newly taken marched into Lancashire to meet the Scotch Army who under their General Duke Hamilton having joyned with those English forces under Sir Marmaduke Langdale Sir Philâ—p Maâ—grave were advancing for London to restore the King This Army consisted of 24000 men effective At the same time also the Kentishmen having seen and heard the usage their Neighbours of Surrey had for petitioning for peace being some of them killed by the Army-guards in Westminster Hall resolved to ask or demand with their sword in their hands that which the Surrey men had been refused They rose to the number of ten thousand and had designed the Duke of Richmond for their General which upon his refusal was conferred upon the Earl of Norwich To suppress this rising whether abundance of stout valiant young men resorted out of London General Fairfax was sent in person and to glose with the Londoners the old Militia was again confirmed At Maidstone a part of the Kentishmen opposed themselves against the General maintaining the Bridge so resolutely that it came to a very hot encounter so that the General was forced to alight out of his Coach and led in his men himself After they had passed the Bridge they were forced to fight every hedg before they came to the Town where the fight was continued with the like gallantry and had any relief come it would have been a question whether it had not utterly routed the Parliament Upon this defeat the other greater party that were at Rochester slipt away to Black-Heath and from thence ferried and passed over into Essex and made their Head-quarter at Bow but the City stirred not in favour of them but a party of horse of the Army was sent thither where after some light skirmishes they removed further into Essex where many Gentlemen joyned with them my Lord Capel and others and so to Colchester whether the General presently after followed them To second this part of the Navy revolts also and set ashore Col. Râ—nsborough their Commander and Pontefract Castle was surprized by Col. Morris and now the Parliament having so many irons in the fire null those Votes of non-Address to the King and resolve of a Treaty as the best expedient To further which purpose the Prince of Wales having imbarqued himself in the Reformation came into the Downs with 25 Sail of Men of War where he landed â—ome men and had Deal and Sandwich Castles delivered him but the E. of Warwick and Sir George Ayscue making into the Dowâ—s together and the Prince lacking victual he set sail for Helvoâ—t Sluce not being able to do any thing for his friends at Colchester whether Warwick also followed him This was not all that was done for the King for this very same time the Earl of Holland the D. of Buckingham his brother the Lord Francis the Earl of Peterborough and others assembled at Kingston and declared for the King being about a thousand and more hourly expected but Sir Michael Livesey falling upon them suddenly they were forced to leave the Town losing that Noble Gentleman the Lord Francis who refuâ—ed quarter and so speeded to S. Neots in Bedfordshire where Colonel Scroop fell upon them in their quarters killed Colonel Dalbeir and took the Earl
King kept himself in the secret place where he lay that night having been much discommodated through the shortness of it As soon as the appointed hour was come Humphrey the Miller was ready with his horse that should carry the King for none other with safety and convenience could he had This was a kind of War-horse that had carried many a load of provision meal and such like but now there was put on him a bridle and a saddle that had outworn its tree and irons The horse standing at the door the King came out intending to have none along with him but Iohn but the other five brothers insisting on the danger of his going so ill attended so many stragling souldiers lying up and down the Country he agreed to have them all along with him and so took his farewell of Colonel Carelos who very disconsolately parted from him The King being mounted the six Brethren guarding him behind and before and on each side Humphrey leading the horse they began their journey The way waâ— something dirty and every where the horse blundering caused the King to suspect falling and to bid Humphrey have a care to which he returned that his horse had carried many a heavy weight before but never the price of three Kingdomes and therefore he might be excused by reason of his extraordinary burden When they came within a mile of the house they made fast the horse and came the foot-way through the fields thither before the King went into the house he took his leave of all of them but Iohn they upon their knees crying and praying for his safety and preservation As they were departing the King called them back and said I am so full of care that I do forget what I do but here is my hand giving it them to kiss if God bless me I will remember all another day A promise his Majesty hath most graciously perfopmed When he came into the house with none but Iohn he was most submisly and cordially welcomed by Mr. Whitgreave who presently conducted him to my Lord Wilmot in the secret place who with infinite gladness â—ell down and imbraced his knees The first thing they did was to shist his Majesty by taking off that course shirt and putting on a â—â—er and changing his stockings and shoes Next they consulted about his Majesties manner of escape out of England whereupon Col. Lane was propounded as a very fit and necessary instrument in that business and agreed on and accordingly transacted as before designed by my Lord Wilmot which was that the never-to-be-forgotten Lady Iane Lane under some preâ—ence of visiting her Sister and other affairs in Bristoll should gâ—t a Pass for her Man and her self and that the King should be the Man and ride before her This was concluded on and done Mrs. Lane sending some Spring-water in which Wallnuts had been boiled to discolour his hands and face and other parts open to view and on Thursday night the eleventh of September Colonel Lane came with her all things fit for his Majesties journey being provided to a field adjoyning to Mr. Whitgreaves house where the King was mounted before her and from thence they immediately set forward having directions given to know the Country and recommendations also to the Allies friends and acquaintance of her Family if any sinister rancounter should put them to tryal At one Town in their journey they met with a Troop of horse but the Captain perceiving they rid double commanded the Troop to open to the right and left and so past them Being come to Bristoll they endeavoured to get a passage thereabouts for France his Majesty being Nobly and secretly entertained at the house of Mr. Norton at Leigh hard by Bristoll since Knighted for his loyalty but it not succeeding there and my Lord Wilmot being come to Bristoll it was agreed to go for Salisbury where the King had entertainment by the Relations of Sir Edward Nicholas his Majestics Secretary Here Colonel Gunter fortunately came to know the King by whose conveyance the King was brought sale into Sussex to the habitation of this Noble Gentleman and a Bark bâ—bâ— means procured for fifty pound to transport two Gentlemen upon account of a quarrel and Duel lately fought into France The Master not knowing otherwise while at Sea who safely and dutifully landed them at Deep in Normandy from whence the King went immediately to Paris where he was welcomed by that Court but most joyfully received by our Queen his Mother and the Duke and that most affectionate Uncle of his Majesties the late deceased Duke of Orleans of famous memory De Bello ducit Pax laeta Triumphos Anno Domini 1652. AFâ—er this defeat Scotland is with little difficulty General Monâ— seizing most of the Scotch Presbyterian Nobility at Ellas where they were in Councel reduced to the obedience of the Parliament Garrisons were placed every where and four Citradels most impregnably fortified at Leith S. Iohnstons Ayre and Innerness so that the total Conquest of that Nation was by the English then accomplished and so far forth secured for ever This Triumph swelled the new State to other great enterprizes the Dutch had stood upon some punctilio of honour with them as being the junior state and for their relation to the Prince of Aurange their General were suspected though many variations in that compass of adherance to the King his Brother-in-law the said Prince being lately dead For these reasons the Parliament published an Act by them made for the incouragement of Navigation the most advantagious and pleasing to the English Marriners and as hurtful and displeasant to the Hollander forbidding any goods to be exported from any place but what were of the growth and manufacture thereof in any other vessels but their own and English which totally excluded the Hollander saving some petty Merchandises of Linen Maderas c. The States of Holland hereupon arm and set forth a Fleet of ships under Admiral Van-Trump who meeting with our Fleet at the Downs in the beginning of May under Bourn who was soon relieved by General Blake the Flag being refused by the Dutch the fight began and continued about four houres till night the success lighting on the English This attempt made by the Dutch highly exasperated the then State who were used to the excesses and uncoutroulments of Fortune so that the Ambassadors here could not allay their fury but departed home Sir George Aâ—scue one of the Parliaments Captains over a Squadron of ships being about Plymouth met with a Sail of fifty Dutch Men of War and by night after some conflict parted equally from them General Blake roving about the Downs met with the French Fleet then bound for the relief of Dunkirk besieged by the Spaniard which he took altogether and thereupon that Town was rendred to the Arch-Duke Leopold On the 28 of September the English met the Dutch Fleet at a place called the Kentish-Knock where some of the
it from the English but were valiantly repulsed General Blake returning home from hiâ— Triumphs over the Spaniard died on Shipboard in sight of English Land and General Reynolds returning out of Flanders to England was cast away in the Goodwin Sands and with him Colonel White and others By one of the clauses of the humble Petition and Advice it was declared that the Parliament should consist of two Houses therefore Cromwell during the adjournment fill'd up the number of that Other House that was its name consisting of sixty two persons most of them Officers of the Army and his neer Relations most of them of mean extraction These nevertheless at the expiring of the prorogation appeared and took their places in the House of Lords according as the antient custome was whether the Protector came and sent for the House of Commons where he made a canting speech to them but the Commons returning to their House having admitted all their Members would neither own the new Lords nor him that made them so but fell into high disputes about the Government so that Cromwell seeing how the game was likely to go came and in a great â—ury within ten daies after their resitting dissolved them Anno Domini 1658. After the dissolution of this Parliament as of course and according to custome another plot was discovered and this was clearly of Cromwells own making the City was to be fired and a general insurrection and massacre of the well-affected In this snare were taken Sir Henry Slingsby Doctor Hewet and Master now Sir Thomas Woodcock Iohn now Lord Viscount Mordant and others of meaner rank as Colonel Ashton Thomas Bettley Edmond Stacy and others Sir Henry Slingsby and Doctor Hewet were beheaded at Tower-hill and the three last hang'd and quartered in the streets of London Dunkirk after a gallant defence and a field battel in attempting the relief where the English had the honour and the French and English the victory of the day was on the 25th of Iune delivered to the United Forces and by the French King put into the English hands Lockhart formerly Ambassador in France and then General of the English being made Governour thereof Now it pleased God suddenly after this tyranny and cruelty committed on those innocent persons above-named to call this Protector to an account who lingring some time with an ague and a pain in his intestines on the third day of September his great fortunate day breathed out hâ—s last his death being ushered by a most terrible wind and the coming of a Whale up the River of Thames of twenty yards long Thus ended that wretched Politique After Oliver Protector war dead his Son Richard according to an Article in the Instrument oâ— Government by which he was to declare his Successor was by his Fathers Councel proclaimed Lord Protector of these three Nations with the usual solemnities and accordingly owned by several addresses from most parts of the Kingdome but drawn and subscribed by some particular persons of the times who obtruded them upon the rest He was courted also by the French Swedish Dutch Ambassadors who all condoled him for his Fathers death After a little respit of time Richard was advised to call a Parliament the Courtiers thinking that what with the Army and the Lawyers they should make their party good for the Protector in the House of Commons being sure of their other House of Peers and in the mean time took care for his Fathers Funerals which were solemnized in most ample manner above the expences usual to any of our Kings deceased November 23. 1658. The Parliament being convened on the 27th of Ianuary the Protector and his new Lords gave them a meeting in the Lords House where he made a speech to them which was seconded by the Keeper Fiennes and so departed to Whitehall the Lords keeping their seats and the major part of the House of Commons not vouchsafing audience betook themselves to their own house and elected Challoner Chute for their Speaker The Parliament being in some measure fuller then it used by reason of Knights and Burgesses from Scotland and Ireland began with the old Trade of questioning the power In conclusion the debate came to this result that they would recognize the Lord Protector but so that nothing should be binding till all other Acts to be prepared by the Parliament should likewise pass and be confirmed For the other House also that no stop might be put to the great design of setling the Kingdome which was then aimed at and that question of owning them being but a baulk to their proceeding they resolved to transact with them for this Parliament as a House of Peers not excluding the right of other the Peers of England The Protector at the instance of the King of Sweden had rigg'd forth a Fleet for the Sound which being ready to set sail the Parliament ordered that for this time the Protector should have the mannagement of the Militia in this expedition reserving to themselves the Supreme right thereto that Fleet after six moneths time returned back again re infecta Now the debates flew high in the House of Commons tending to the lessening the power of the Sword which was grown so exorbitant therefore the Army being sensible whereto such consultations would finally tend resolved to break up the Parliament and accordingly having secured the Protector made him sign a Commission to Fiennes to dissolve it which accordingly was done though the House of Commons to prevent it adjourned themselves for three daies but then out came a Proclamation forced likewise from the Protector whereby he declared that Parliament to be absolutely dissolved Now the Army and some of the tail of the Parliament which were turned out by Oliver in 1653. joyn their heads together and so make way for their free Commonwealth again Richard Protector is laid aside the Officers of the Army playing some eight daies with the Government and then resigning it to those men who very readily imbraced the motion and met May 7. in the House the Old Speaker and some forty more making up a Quorum and forthwith published a Declaration how that by the wonderful Providence and goodness of God they were restored which to most seemed the saddest judgement could befall the Nation Presently they fall to their old trade of squeezing money and providing sure for themselves against any more attempts of the Army leisurely purging out those that had been active with Oliver against them but by all means refuse to admit those Members that by the like force were formerly secluded in 1648. They depose the Protector and make him sign a Resignation yet promising him the yearly allowance of 10000 l. per annum and the payment of his debts so that they thought themselves now cock-sure levying money by taxes before hand to gratifie the Army for the peoples love they never expected and then settle the Militia in confiding hands Anno Domini 1659. But
kind of extasie On the 25th the King landed from Holland being attended by a gallant Fleet commanded by the Earl of Sandwich at 〈◊〉 where the Genral met him the Sea and Heaven and Earth â—ung with the peals of Ordinance and so to Canterbury to Rochester and on the 29 day being Tuesday his most auspicious Birth-day triumphantly and peaceably entred his Royal City of London where the acclamations and shoutings were so loud and hearty that it is impossible to eccho or express them to the great pleasure and yet disturbance of the King who about six in the evening came to his Palace at Whitehal where in the Banquetting House both Houses attended him All the way the way through the City the General rode bareheaded next before his Majestie his two Brothers York and â—â—oncester riding of each side covered After a short congratulation the King being weary went to his Bed-chamber where he supped and so to his rest having come 27 miles that day besides his going through London and within two days after his Royal Brethren having taken their places in the House of Lords came to the Parliament where he made a Speech earnestly pressing the Act of Free pardon and indempnity which he had promised in his Declaration from Dreda The next thing he did was the emitting a Proclamation requiring all those who had a hand in the execrable murther of his Father to render themselves within such a time which some obeyed the rest fled those that came in were by the Act of Pardon which came out soon after with some other respited till another Parliament should determine of them either to life or death This was in favour for their â—endring themselves On the day of August dyed the most noble and accomplisht Prince Henry Duke of Gloucester of the Small Fox at Whitehal to the very great sorrow of the whole Kingdom being a Prince of singular vertues and endowments In October 1661. they with the rest that were apprehended for the said 〈◊〉 were severally arraigned at the Sessions House in the Old-Bailey before Sir Orlando 〈◊〉 where after Tryal they were all found guilty and convicted of High-Treason for compassing contriving and bringing about the death of the King for which 26 of them 〈◊〉 sentence to be drawn hanged and quartered sixteen of them who rendred themselves according to the aforesaid Proclamation were respited till the Parliament should by an Act determine of them but the other ten viz. Mojor General Harrison Iohn Carew Iohn Cook the Sollicitor to the pretended Courâ— oâ— Justice Hugh Peter 〈◊〉 Thomas Scot Gregory Clement Iohn Iones Adrian Scroop Francis Haâ—ker and Daniel Axâ—el were executed according to the sentence eight of them at Charing â—ross and the two last at Tyburâ— their Heads set upon Westminster-Hall and London-Bridge and their quarter upon the Gateâ— of London In December the King dissolved the Parliament which he honored with the Epithere of The Healing Parliament and on the 24 of December dyed also that most illustrious Princess of 〈◊〉 His Majesties Sister of the same disease which snatch away her Brother the Duke oâ— Gloucester to the extreme grief of the King â—he Queen Mother and the whole Court The Queen Mother had come over some while before with her Daughter the Lady 〈◊〉 and now prepared for her depathâ—ed feating the disease might run in the blood the young Princess being not very well and accordingly the King in company with them to bring them to the water side came to Portsmouth in the Christmast time and thence the Ladies took shipping for 〈◊〉 While the King was but this short while absent hapned that desperaâ—e Rebellion and Insurrection in the City of London by the Fifth Monarchists at two sundry times on the ninth of Ianuary at night being Sunday where they alarmed the City marched through the gates threatning to take down their Masters those Regiâ—ide quarters killing some four men and soâ—scâ—lked till Wednesday morning nextâ— at which time they 〈◊〉 again and resolutely fought with the Trained Bands and a Squadron of the Life guard of Horse in Woodsâ—â—â—t 〈…〉 their ground till they were surrounded and 〈◊〉 they began to retreat but still in order There were killed 〈◊〉 some eighteen and they killed as many Vennerâ— a Wine Cooper who was their Leader was taken and twenty more 〈◊〉 of which were executed with him at seueral places in London being convicted of High-Treason for levying war against the King On Ianuary 30. 1660. the bodies of Oliver Cromwel 〈…〉 and Hinry Ireton were removed from their Interments in Westminster Abbey and hanged at Tyburn and there buried their heads set upon Westminster-Hall In Michaelmas Term this year there was a call of fourteen Sergeants at Law and the Courts at Westminster were filed with Judges the names of which most Grave and Honorable Persons are as followeth Sir Robert Foster Lord chief Justice of England Sir Thomas Mullet Sir Thomas Twâ—sden Sir Wadham Windham of the Kings Bench Sir Orlando Bridgeman Lord chief Justice Sir Robert Hyde Sir Samuel Brown Sir Thomas Tyrâ—yl in the Common Pleas Sir Matthew 〈◊〉 Sir Edward Atkins Sir Christopher Turner Barons of the Exchequer Anno Dom. 1661. HIs Majestie at His dissolution of the Parliament having promised to call another with all convenient expedition issued out Writs for the election thereof and appointed the eighth of May for their sitting down at Westminster where they accordingly convened and ratified several Acts made by the preceding Parliament which being not summoned by the Kings Writ was not by Law held sufficient the Act of Oblivion was first confirmed being very much urged and pressed by the King as the foundation of a sure and lasting settlement At the opening of the Parliament the King acquainted them with His resolution of marrying Donna Catharina the Infanta of Portugal which they very joyfully received by a Vote passed to that purpose in both Houâ—es There likewise passed an Act in repeal of that 1 Carol. 17. against the Civil Power of Bishops thereby debarring them from their Priviledges as Peers which by this Repeal are to be restored fully unto them with many other Acts of Publique concernment and then adjourned till the November 20. instant The Right Honorable the Earl of Sandwich having sailed with a Fleet of men of War to the Coasts of Barbary to confirm the League between those Pyrates and this Nation came to an Anchor at Algeir where he entred into a Treaty with the Governor of that Port which not succeeding the Fleet weighed and stood into the Harbour where after the had fired some ships and done some execution on shore he came out again having received some little loss both of men and rigging From thence he set sail towards the Coast of Spain leaving Vice Admiral Lawson to guard the said Port. By a Commission from the King the Right Honorable the Earl of Peterburgh was made General for the expedition to Tanger a strong place and Fortress of the Portugals on the streights of Gibralaâ—r and Forces are now ready to imbark in company with that Fleet which is going to bring home her Majestie the Queen from Lisbon About this time hapned a fray or conflict on Tower-hill at the Reception of the Swedish Ambassador betwixt the French and Spanish Ambassadors Coaches for Praecedency where seven or eight were killed and the French worsted This so highly incensed the French King that he sent to Madrid to demand satisfaction but received none so that upon this and some other janglings there is now a kinde of a petty Hostility between them During this clash the Prince of Spain dyed and to the King of France was born a Daulphin Christned by the name of Lewes Toâ—s Saints because he was born on All-Saints Day October Col. Lambert Sir Henry Vane Sir Hadress Waller Col. Cobbet were sent away from the Tower to several remote places for their own preservation as well as security of the peace and divers others secured upon account of a Plot a Narrative whereof cannot be given yet not in this piece which hath attained its conclusion FINIS October Novem. Decem. 〈◊〉 â—â—odah â—â—â—eged Fâ—â— relleved Jan. 10. Tâ—â— Kâ—ng removeth from the parliament March The King at York Excluded Hâ— April May June the militia set on foot July August the Kinâ— sets up his Standard at Nottingham August Sept. thâ— King 〈◊〉 Shrewsbury Portsmouth taken Aug. 2. A skirmish in Worcestershire Octo 23. Edg-hill Fight Novem. Nov. 1 Bramfor Fight Decemâ— Cirencester stoemed Febr. 1. March My Lord Brook killed at Litchfield May Litchfieâ—â—etaken â—y the King TheE of Nothâ—mprton slain April 6 Reading besieged May 16 Stratton fight June The Covenant taken Hambden killed July Landsdown Fight July 5. July July 27. Bristol surrendred Exeter delivered August 10 Glocester besieged Glocester relieved Sept. 8 Auborn Chase sight Sept. 19. Newb. â—irst fight Sept. 20. Novemb Decemb 8. January Mar. 29 Charrington Fight April April â—une Croprâ—dy bridgâ—â—ight â—une 29. Leistithiel surrender Aug. 5. The Earl of Essex vanquished in Cornwal 〈…〉 Fight â—000 killed at Marston â—loor â—uly 16. York â—ielâ—ed â—o the Parliaâ—ent 〈…〉 â—iege of â—asing â—â—ised Nov. 21. Newbery second Fight Colonel Massey defeats Myn and takes Mon-mouth Decemb 〈…〉 Tâ—â—â— my modelled and Gen Faâ—rfax declared Jan. 11. 30 Vxbridg â—â—â—ty Mar. 2â— Alleâ—ne fight July 22. Kilsith Field Aug 27. Videâ— speeâ—hes pages 5. April May 31 June June 14 Naseby Fight Leicesâ—â—akeâ— Rowlin Heaâ—h Fight Sept. 24. June 28. July 10. Lamport Fight Brâ—oll â—eâ—verd Aug 1â— â—â—â—â—ng House to meâ— Sept. 14. Novem. â—auary April June 3 Septem Novem. June July 26. June Fagans â—ight say 8. Maidstone Fight June 2. June The Nâ—vy revoltâ— Auguâ— July Kingston Insurrection â—reston â—ight Aug. 17 â—â—omwel â—st into â—tland â—lche 〈◊〉 â—lded â—gust Treaty at the Isle of Wight October January Vide speech page 3â— Vide speech page 32. Dublin freed and the Marques of Ormond defeated August â—uly 22. â—uary Sept. 28. Decemb 20. Feb. 18. April July 4. Decemb 12. Decemb March May June Vide Speech June Sir Geoâ—â—ooth â—feated 〈◊〉 20.
where he made miserable havock intending utterly to break the spirits of that people who were so surely ingaged to Argyles side Here the Earl of Seaforth followed him with an Army and the Marquess of Aogyle had another of the other side Montross therefore resolved to fight with one first and so tell upon that party under Argyle which he totally â—outed killing 1500 on the place the rest escaped and so the Marquess of Montross bent his way after the other Army which he defeated at Brâ—â—hin being newly put under the command of Colonel Hurry afterwards offers battel to Bayly who had another Army ready to fight him but he waited for advantages whereupon he marches after Hurry who had reâ—â—uited and was pressing the Lord Gourdon having taken Dun ice in his way and at Alderne discomfits him killing â—300 and dispersing the rest He seeks out Baily to whom was joyned the Earl of Lindsey and at Aleâ—foâ—d hills forced them to fight utterly routed them and obtained a remarkable victory but that which lessened the triumph was the death of the Lord Gourdon one that was as the right hand of Montross a very Loyal Right Noble Gentleman being eldest son to the Marquess of Huntlâ—y After this he comes to S. Iohnstons where he alarâ—m'd the Parliament there sitting and so into the Lowlands where the Kirk had another Army in readiness under the command of the aforesaid Baily At a place called Kilsith both Armies met and a cruel battel it was but in conclusion success and victory crowned Montrosses head and almost 6000 men were slain in this fight the pâ—rsuit being eagerly followed for a great way and the Covenanters at first fighting very resolutely but the fortune of Montross still prevailed The Nobility now every where readily assisting him and the Towns and Cities declaring for him so that that Kingdome which afforded men and assistance for the invasion of another Kingdome was not now able to defend it self The Governour so was Montross dignified beâ—ng seized of all places almost of strength even as far as Edinburgh where some Royal prisoners were delivered him The Estates of Scotland therefore send for Davâ—d Leshley while Montross expected forces from the King under the Lord Dighy which staid too long and were afterwards defeated at Sherburn in Yorkshire Upon the arrival of Leshley most of the forces under Montross not dreading an Enemy so soon out of England were departed home so that Leshley finding Montross in a very weak condition at Philips-Haugh fell upon him before he could retreat almost before his Scours could give him intelligence and there routs him He at first resolved to lose his life with the field but being perswaded of better hopes he resolutely charged through and brought the flying remains of his Army safe into the Highlands where he began new Levies but the fortune of the King failing every where he was the next year ordered by the King then in the Scots custody to disband and depart the Kingdom And so we leave him till a more unhappy revolution of time The memory of this man had almost caused an Oblivion of some things done heâ—e during his great successes for Sir Iohn Hotham and his Son for intending the delivery of Hull which they had so unhandsomely before denied to the King were beheaded as also Sir Alexander Carâ—w and at last the Right Reverend Arch-Bishop of Canterbury for many pretended crimes of innovation and disaffection in matters of Religion was executed the tenth of Ianuary These mens deaths happened in December and Ianuary 1644. and are therefore here inserted To begin therefore the year 1645. Dennington Castle was the very 25th of March delivered to the Parliament which was counterpoised with a defeat given Col. Massey by Prince Rupert at Lidbury being surprized there and his foot routed his house consisting most of Officers with himself hardly escaped to Glocester At the same time the Army being new modelled Lievtenant General Cromwell was sent by Fairfax to hinder a conjunction of forces at Oxford from Worcâ—ster which he did defeating the Queens Regiment and afterwards took Blechington House by surrender for which Col. Windbank was shot to death at Oxford Notwithstanding which interruption the King matched from Oxford intending Northward to recover what he had lost there with a very compleat Army and coming to Leicester then garrison'd by Sir Robert Pye for the Parliament after sâ—mmons refused stormed it and took it the Souldiers for a while plundring the Town which had been the residence of a Parliament Committee from the beginning In the mean while General Fairfax was advanced from London with his new modelled Army and by Order of the Committee of both Kingdomes had besieged Oxford where he had received a notable salley but upon news of the Kings success at Leicester presently raised his siege resolving to fight the King as soon as he could overtake him The King was now in a dispute whether he should march upon his first intendments Northward or staying for some forces out of the West under Colonel Goring march for London When he had notice of Fairfaxes advance after him whom he thought to be taken up at Oxford whereupon by the ill late of things the King was advised not to delay time but even at midnight to dislodge from his quarters whether Fairfax was neerly come and the next morning to seek him out and to give him battel This happened to be at Naseby field on Saturday Iune the 14. where at the first encounter the Kings Army had the best on 't his right wing of horse discomfiting and overthrowing the left wing of the Parliaments under Skippon taking Ireton the Commissary General prisoner but the left wing consisting of Northern horse under Sir Marmaduke Langdale who were clearly for the Kings going Northwardâ— to their own Country to relieve Pomfret Castle made no defence at all The King was very couragious and active in this field but the same over-eagerness of Prince Rupert half lost the day the foot being destitute after some slaughter threw down their Aâ—ms and were taken prisoners to the number of four or five thousand the Kings Coach and in it his Cabinet afterwards most disloyally and dishonestly published to the world with other Letters and papers all his Artillery Arms Ammunition bag and baggage taken himself hardly escaping to Leicester that night and from thence to Ashby de la Zouch After this battel the Kings Cause and Arms visibly declined every where Leicester regained by the Parliament upon surrender while the King made hast towards Wales to the relief of Chester and there to form a new Army but Poyntz Middleton and Brereton rising from their siege met him at Rowton Heath where in the beginning as usual the King had the better but the Parliament being supplyed with fresh forces the King was vanquished there also and the right valiant Lord Bernard Stuart Earl of
Litchfield slain with above six hundred more Soon after followed the rendition of Chester the King flying back to Oxford The Sects had besieged Caâ—lisâ—e almost a year after Marston-Moor fight now it was surrendred by Sir Thomas Glenham but the like success they had not at Hereford from whence they rose with disgrace and came and sate dâ—wn soon after before Newark General Fairfax marched after Naseby fight into the West leaving the King to pursue his ill fortunes and took in Bridgewater having before defeated General Goring at Lamport newly raised from the siege at Taunton by Colonel Wellen who relieved the Governour Colonel Blake though with some losses aâ— also Bath and Sherburn and sate down before Bristol which after a short siege was delivered by Prince Rupert upon Articles and the said Prince and his Brother came soon after to Oatlands in order to depart the Kingdome Cromwell also came with a party to the reinforcing of the siege of Basing and by smothering of wet hay made his approaches and stormed it taking the Marquess of Winchestâ—r prisoner with other Officers and Souldiers to the number of 600 persons Several House Castles and Towns were dâ—lâ—vered to the Parliament while the King kept close in Oxford The Prince of Wales being sent West and under the care of my Lord Hopton in company with my Lord Capel and others but General Fairfax following him into Cornwall Hopton accepted of conditions afteâ— the firing of Torrington and the delivery of Lanceston Saltash Lizard Dartmouth Mount-Edge Foy all being quâ—tted by him graâ—atim and disbanded the Prâ—nce taking sail from Pendennis Castle to the Isle of Scilly and thence into France Hereford was also about this time surprized by Colonel Birch Belvoir Castle taken all places now submitting to the power and fortune of the Parliament and for a conclusion Exeter was now delivered by Sir Iohn Berkley upon very honourable and advantagious articles to the Lord Fairfax and the Lord Astley defeated at Stow in the Would two thousand kill'd and taken prisoners and so ended this year the next beginning with the same face of affairs several surrenders being made to the Parliament Anno Domini 1646. AFter the delivery of Woodstock it was not held safe for the King to continue longer in Oxford but the siege approaching to that City also the King disguised in the company and as a servant to Colonel Iohn Ashburnham with one Mr. Hudson a Minister by virtue of a Pass from Cromwell left Oxford and soon after put himself upon the Scotch Army then lying at the siege of Newark who sent him away with their Guards to Newcastle and soon after the Scotch Army followed him upon surrender of that Garrison of Newark The King being in their hands by their perswasions and desires and his own resolvedness for peace gave Order to all his Governours to make such terms as were most suitable and convenient for them and deliver their respective Governments to the Parliament that so the War might be at an end whereupon all the Garrisons in the Kings hands came to a capitulation Oxford Tarringdon Wallingford Borstall-House Ludlow Litchfield-Close Worcester Ragland Conway Pendennis and Scilly Isle surrendred at which time also died their former General the Earl of Essex and was most magnificently interred in Westminster Abbey General Fairfax came in triumph to London while the Treaty was on foot betwixt the Parliament and the Scots at Newcastle concerning the delivery and disposal of the King In fine upon the price and payment of 200000 pound the Scots perfidiously after many disputes whereby they affirmed it unlawful and dishonourable for them to do it sold their Native Prince to his English Subjects and so departed over Tweed into Scotland according to agreement Anno Domini 1647. THe English Commissioners deputed thereto by the Parliament having received the King from the Scots brought him to Holmby-House one of his Palaces in Northamptonshire according to the stipulation and hypocritical salvo made that the King should be treated honourably but with no attendance of his own either servants or Chaplains and a Guard upon him perpetually till in conclusion Cromwell beginning his projected Soveraignty by an Order from him to which the General tacitly consented The King was taken from the Commissioners and removed by one Corner Ioyce from Holdenby to the Army they pretending an extraordinary kindness to the King and his Patty even to the deceiving of the King himself by their Declarations and Protestations for Publick Liberty In the mean while the King is carried about from Holmby to Childersley Newmarket Royston Hatfield Windsor in progress with the Army to Caversham Maidenhead to Latiner to Stoke to Oatlands being treated with a far greater shew of honour then the Parliament allowed him with much hopes and many promises of his speedy restitution His Chaplains and other persons engaged on his side having free access to him with the free exercise of the Common-Prayer c. At last they bring him to Hampton-Court where Propositions as bad as any they tendred were offered to him again but there for their unreasonableness being rejected by the King he being informed of a plot to murther him by some of the Army fled from Hampton-Court privately to the Isle of Wâ—ght the said Colonel Ashburnham being with him in this disguize also and rendred himself into the hands of Hamond the Governour of the said Isle who forthwith certified the Parliament and they presently vote that no more Addresses should be made to the King nor no Papers received from him While the Army were thus coasting the King about fell out a tumult in the City of London the Apprentices and Citizens flocking down to Westminster about the establishing of the Militia in the same hands it stood before the Army had interposed and by their instance had made the Houses alter the persons named the fourth of May as being suspected favourers of the King Whereupon the Lords readily assented to the impowring those of the fourth of May to act as before in the Militia and so after a little dispute did the Common some of the same multitude not consented with this brought back the Speaker into his Chair the House being risen and compelled him and the Members back to the House to vote that the King should come to London to treat After this tumult which the King observes in his book to be justly retaliated upon them the Speaker of the House of Commons with some forty more privately departed to the Army then at Windsor complaining of the force the other remaining to the number of 140. meeting according to their adjournment finding not the Speaker nor his Mace chose another Speaker as did the Lords also their Speaker having withdrawn himself likewise to the Army The Army seem to be highly incensed at these Riots of the Citizens and take upon them the rectifying of those disorders the fugitive members are