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Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A57589	Sir Walter Raleigh's Sceptick, or speculations and Observations of the magnificency and opulency of cities, his Seat of government, and letters to the Kings Majestie, and others of qualitie : also, his demeanor before his execution.; Sceptick	Raleigh, Walter, Sir, 1552?-1618.; James I, King of England, 1566-1625.	1651 (1651)	Wing R186A; ESTC R9285	29,117	153

that have traded to the Indies since his Majesties time knew that the Spaniards have flayed alive all the poor men which they have taken being but Merchant men what death and cruel torment shall we expect if they conquer us certainly they have hitherto failed grosly being set out thence as we were both for number time and place Lastly to make an Apologie for not working the Myne although I know his Majestie expects whom I am to satisfie so much as my self having lost my son and my estate in the Enterprise yet it is true that the Spaniards took more care to defend the passage leading unto it than they did the Town which by the Kings instructions they might easily do the Countreys being Aspera Nemosa But it is true that when Capt. Kemish found the River low and that he could not approch the Banks in most places near the Myne by a Mile and where he found a discent a volley of Muskets came from the woods upon the Boat and slew two Rowers and hurt six others and shot a valiant Gentleman of Captain Thornix of which wound he languisheth to this day He to wit Kemish following his own advice thought that it was in vain to discover the Myne for he gave me this for an excuse at his return that the Companies of English in the Town of S. Thome were not able to defend it against the daily and nightly assaults of the Spaniards that the passages to the Mynes were thick and unpassable woods and that the Myne being discovered they had no men to work it did not discover it at all for it is true the Spaniards having two gold Mynes near the Town the one possessed by Pedro Rodrigo de Paran the second by Harmian Frotinio the third of silver by Captain Francisco for the want of Negroes to work them for as the Indians cannot be constrained by a Law of Charls the Fifth so the Spaniards will not nor can endure the labour of those Mynes whatsoever the Bragadochio the Spanish Ambassador saith I shall prove under the Proprietors hand by the Custom-Book and the Kings Quinto of which I recovered an Ingot or two I shall also make it appear to any Prince or State that will undertake it how easily those Mynes and five or six more of them may be possessed and the most of them in those parts which never have as yet been attempted by any nor by any passage to them nor ever discovered by the English French or Dutch But at Kemish his return from Orinoque when I rejected his counsel and his course and told him that he had undone me and wounded my credit with the King past recoverie he slew himself for I told him that seeing my son was slain I cared not if I had lost an hundred more in opening of the Myne so my credit had been saved for I protest before God had not Capt. Whitney to whom I gave more countenance than to all the Captains of my Fleet run from me at the Granadoes and carried another ship with him of Captain Wollestons I would have left my body at S. Thomes by my sons or have brought with me out of that or other Mynes so much Gold-oar as should have satisfied the King I propounded no vain thing what shall become of me I know not I am unpardoned in England and my poor estate consumed and whether any Prince will give me bread or no I know not I desire your Honour to hold me in your good opinion to remember my service to my Lord of Arrundel and Pembrook to take some pitie on my pour Wife to whom I dare not write for renewing her sorrow for her son and beseech you to give a copie of this to my Lord Carew for to a broken mind a sick bodie and weak eyes it is a torment to write many Letters I have found many things of importance for discovering the state and weakness of the Indies which if I live I shall hereafter impart unto your Honour to whom I shall remain a faithfull servant Walter Raleigh Sir Walter Raleigh's Letter sent to his Wife Copied out of his own hand-writing I Was loath to write because I know not how to comfort you and God knows I never knew what sorrow meant till now All that I can say to you is that you must obey the will and providence of God and remember that the Queens Majestie bare the loss of Prince Henry with a magnanimous heart and the Ladie Harrington of her son Comfort your heart dearest Bess I shall sorrow for us both I shall sorrow the less because I have not long to sorrow because not long to live I refer you to Mr. Secretarie Winwoods Letter who will give you a copie of it if you send for it therein you shall know what hath passed I have written that Letter for my brains are broken and it is a torment for me to write and especially of misery I have desired Mr. Secretarie to give my Lord Carew a copie of his Letter I have clensed my ship of sick men and sent them home I hope God will send us somewhat before we return You shall hear from me if I live from the New-found land where I mean to make clean my ships and revictual for I have Tobacco enough to pay for it The Lord bless and comfort you that you may bear patiently the death of your valliant son This 22. of March from the Isle of Christophers yours Walter Raleigh Post-script I Protest before the Majestie of God That as Sir Francis Drake and Sir Iohn Hawkins died heart-broken when they failed of their enterprise I could willingly do the like did I not contend against sorrow for your sake in hope to provide somewhat for you and to comfort and releive you If I live to return resolve your self that it is the care for you that hath strengthened my heart It is true that Kemish might have gone directly to the Myne meant it but after my sons death he made them beleive he knew not the way and excused himself upon want of water in the River and counterfeiting many impediments left it unfound When he came back I told him he had undone me and that my credit was lost for ever he answered That when my son was lost and that he left me so weak that he resolved not to find me alive he had no reason to enrich a companie of Rascals who after my sons death made no account of him He further told me that the English sent up into Guiana could hardly defend the Spanish town of S. Thome which they had taken and therefore for them to pass through thick woods it was impossible and more impossible to have victual brought them into the Mountains And it is true that the Governour Diego Polenego and other four Captains being slain whereof Wats slew one Plessington Wats servant and Iohn of Moroccoes one of his men slew other two I say five of them slain in the

enterance of the Town the rest went off in a whole bodie and took more care to defend the passages to their Mynes of which they had three within a League of the Town besides a Myne that was about five miles off than they did of the Town it self Yet Kemish at the first was resolved to go to the Myne but when he came to the banck side to Land and had two of his men slain outright from the bank and six other hurt and Captain Thornix shot in the head of which wound and the accident thereof he hath pined away these twelve weeks Now when Kemish came back and gave me the former Reasons which moved him not to open the Myne the one the death of my son a second the weakness of the English and their impossibilities to work and to be victualled a third that it were a follie to discover it for the Spaniards and lastly my weakness and being unpardoned and that I rejected all these his Arguments and told him that I must leave him to himself to resolve it to the King and State he shut up himself into his Cabbin and shot himself with a pocket Pistol which broke one of his ribs and finding that he had not prevailed he thrust a long Knife under his short ribs up to the handle and died Thus much I have written to M. Secretarie to whose Letters I refer you to know the truth I did after the sealing break open the Letter again to let you know in brief the state of that business which I pray you impart to my Lord of Northumberland and Silvanus Scory For the rest there was never poor man so exposed to slaughter as I was for being commanded upon mine Alleageance to set down not onely the Countrey but the very River by which I was to enter it to name my Ships number men and my Artillerie This now was sent by the Spanish Ambassador to his Master the King of Spain the King wrote his Letters to all parts of the Indies especially to the Governour Palamago of Guiana Elderado and Trinidado of which the first Letter bore date 19 of March 1617 at Madrill when I had not yet left the Thames which Letter I have sent to Mr Secretarie I have also other Letters of the Kings which I reserve and one of the Councels The King also sent a Commission to leavie three hundred souldiers out of his Garrisons of unie Regno de Granado è Portricho with ten pieces of brass Ordinance to entertain us he also prepared an Army by sea to set upon us It were too long to tell you how we were preserved if I live I shall make it known my brains are broken and I cannot write much I live yet and I told you why Witney for whom I sold all my Plate my Plymouth and to whom I gave more credit and countenance than to all the Captains of my Fleet ran from me at the Granadoes and Wolleston with him so as I have now but five Ships and out of those I have sent some into my Fly-boat a rabble of idle Rascals which I know will not spare to wound me but I care not I am sure there is never a base slave in all the Fleet hath taken the pain and care that I have done that have slept so little and travelled so much my friends will not believe them and for the rest I care not God in heaven bless you and strengthen your heart Yours Walter Raleigh Sir Walter Raleigh's Letter to Mr Secretary Winwood SIR SInce the death of Kemish it is confessed by the Serjeant Major and others of his inward friends that he told them that he could have brought them unto the Myne within two hours March from the River side but because my son was slain my self unpardoned and not like to live he had no reason to open the Myne either for the Spaniard or for the King they answered that the King though I were not pardoned had granted my heart under the Great Seal He replyed that the grant to me was to no man non Ens in the Law and therefore of no force this discourse they had which I knew not of till after his death but when I was resolved to write unto your Honour he prayed me to joyn with him in excusing his not going to the Myne I answered him I would not do it but if my self could satisfie the King and State that he had reason not to open it I should be glad of it but for my part I must avow that he knew it and that he might with loss have done it other excuses I would not frame he told me that he would wait on me presently and give me better satisfaction but I was no sooner come from him into my Cabbin but I heard a Pistol go over my head and sending to know who shot it word was brought me that Kemish shot it out of his Cabbin window to cleanse it his boy going into his Cabbin found him lying upon his bed with much bloud by him and looking in his face saw him dead the Pistol being but little did but crack his rib but turning him over found a long Knife in his bodie all but the handle Sir I have sent into England with my cosin Harbert a very valiant honest Gentleman divers unworthy persons good for nothing neither by sea nor land and though it was at their own suit yet I know they will wrong me in all that they can I beseech your Honour that the scorn of men may not be believed of me who have taken more pains and suffered more than the meanest Rascal in the Ship these being gone I shall be able to keep the Sea until the end of August with some four reasonable good ships Sir wheresoever God shal permit me to arrive in any part of Europe I will not fail to let your Honour know what we have done till then and ever I rest Your Honours servant W. Raleigh Sir WALTER RALEIGH'S Letter to King JAMES at his return from GUIANA May it please your most excellent Majestie IF in my Journey outward bound I had my men murthered at the Islands and yet spared to take revenge if I did discharge some Spanish Barks taken without spoil if I forbare all parts of the Spanish Indies wherein I might have taken twentie of their Downs on the sea-coasts and did onely follow the enterprize I undertook for Guiana where without any directions from me a Spanish Village was burnt which was new set up within three miles of the Myne By your Majesties favour I find no reason why the Spanish Ambassador should complain of me If it were lawfull for the Spaniards to murther twentie six English men tying them back to back and then cuting their throats when they had traded with them a whole moneth and came to them on the land without so much as one sword and that it may not be lawfull for your Majesties subjects being charged first by them to

ever full of encumber In a well conditioned Ship these things are chiefly required 1. That she be strong built 2. Swift it sail 3. Stout-sided 4. That her Ports be so laid as that she may carry out her Guns all weathers 5. That she hull and trie well 6. That she stay well when boarding or turning on a wind is required To make her strong consisteth in the care and truth of the work-man to make her swift is to give her a large Run or way forward and so aftward done by art and just proportion and that in laying out of her bowes before and quarters behind the Ship-wright be sure that she neither sink nor hang into the water but lie clear and above it wherein Ship-wrights do often fail and then is the speed in sailing utterly spoiled That she be stout-sided the same is provided by a long bearing floar and by sharing off from above water to the lower edge of the Ports which done then will she carry out her Ordinance all weathers To make her to hull and to trie well which is called a good sea-Ship there are two things principally to be regarded the one that she have a good draught of water the other that she be not overcharged And this is seldom done in the Kings Ships and therefore we are forced to lye or trie in them with our main Course and mizen which with a deep keel and standing streak she would perform The extream length of a Ship makes her unapt to stay especially if she be floatie and want sharpness of way forward And it is most true that such over-long Ships are fitter for the narrow Seas in summer than for the Ocean or long voyages and therefore an hundred foot by the Keel and thirtie five foot broad is a good proportion for a great Ship It is to be noted that all Ships sharp before not having a long floar will fall rough into the sea from a billow and take in water over head and ears and the same qualitie have all narrow-quartered ships to sink after the tail The high Cargeing of ships is that that brings many ill qualities it makes them extream Lee-ward makes them sink deep into the seas makes them labour sore in foul weather and oft-times overset Safetie is more to be respected than shews or niceness for ease in sea-journeys both cannot well stand together and therefore the most necessarie is to be chosen Two Decks and an half is enough and no building at all above that but a low Masters Cabbin Our Masters and Mariners will say that the ships will bear more well enough and true it is if none but ordinarie Mariners served in them But men of better sort unused to such a life cannot so well endure the rowling and tumbling from side to side where the seas are never so little grown which comes by high Cargeing Besides those high Cabbin-works aloft are very dangerous in fight to tear men with their splinters Above all other things have care that the great Guns be four foot clear above water when all lading is in or else these best pieces are idle at sea for if the Ports lie lower and be open it is dangerous and by that default was a goodly Ship and many gallant Gentlemen lost in the days of Henry the Eigth before the Isle of Wight in a Ship called by the name of Mary-Rose Sir Walter Releigh's PILGRIMAGE GIve me my Scallop shell of Quiet My Staff of Faith to walk upon My Scrip of Joy immortal Diet My Bottle of Salvation My Gown of Glorie Hopes true gage And thus I le take my Pilgrimage Bloud must be my Bodies onely Balmer No other Balm will there be given Whil'st my Soul like a quiet Palmer Travelleth towards the Land of Heaven Over the silver Mountains Where springs the Nectar Fountains There I will kiss the Bowl of Bliss And drink mine everlasting fill Upon every Milken hill My soul will be adrie before But after it will thirst no more I le take them first to quench my Thirst And tast of Nectars suckets At those clear Wells Where sweetness dwells Drawn up by Saints in Chrystal Buckets Then by that happy blestfull day More peacefull Pilgrimes I shall see That have cast off their rags of clay And walk apparelled fresh like me And when our Bottles and all we Are fill'd with Immortalitie Then the blessed Paths wee 'l travel Strow'd with Rubies thick as gravel Sealings of Diamonds Saphire flowers High walls of Coral and Pearly Bowers From thence to Heavens bribeless Hall Where no corrupted voices brawl No Conscience molten into Gold No forg'd Accuser bought or sold No cause deferr'd no vain-spent Journey For there CHRIST is the Kings Attorney Who pleads for all without degrees And he hath Angels but no Fees And when the twelve Grand-million Jurie Of our Sins will direfull Jurie 'Gainst our Souls black Verdicts give Christ pleads his Death and then we Live Be thou my Speaker taintless Pleader Unblotted Lawyer true Proceeder Thou would'st Salvation even for Alms Not with a bribed Lawyers Palms And this is mine eternal Plea To him that made Heaven Earth and Sea That since my Flesh must die so soon And want a Head to dine next noon Just at the stroak when my Veins start and spread Set on my Soul an everlasting Head Then am I readie like a Palmer fit To tread those blest Paths which before I writ Of Death and Iudgement Heaven and Hell Who oft doth think must needs Die well Sir Walter Raleigh's VERSES Found in his Bible in the Gate-house at Westminster EVen such is Time which takes in trust Our Youth our Joys and all we have And pays us nought but Age and Dust When in the dark and silent Grave When we have wandred all our ways Shuts up the storie of our days And from which Grave Earth Dust The Lord shall raise me up I trust Sir W. RALEIGH On the Snuff of a Candle the night before he died Cowards fear to Die but Courage stout Rather than Live in Snuff will be put out Sir WALTER RALEIGH'S SPEECH Immediately before he was beheaded UPon Simon and Iudes day the Lieuetenant of the Tower had a Warrant to bring his Prisoner to the Kings-Bench in Westminster-Hall where the Attorney General demanded Execution according to the Judgement pronounced against him at Winchester the Lord Chief Justice caused the Indictment Verdict and Judgement to be read and after asked him what he could say Why he should not die according to the Law his answer was That this fifteen years he had lived by the meer mercy of the King and did now wonder how his Mercy was turned into Justice he not knowing any thing wherein he had provoked his Majesties displeasure and did hope that he was clear from that Judgement by the Kings Commission in making him General of the Voyage to Guiana for as he conceived the words To his trustie and welbeloved subject c. Did in

themselves imply a Pardon But Master Attorney told him these words were not sufficient for that purpose Whereupon he desired the opinion of the Court to which the Lord Chief Justice replied it was no Pardon in Law Then began Sir Walter Raleigh to make a long description of the events and ends of his Voyage but he was interrupted by the Chief Justice who told him that it was not for any offence committed there but for his first fact that he was now called in question and thereupon told him That seeing he must prepare to die he would not add affliction to affliction nor aggravate his fault knowing him to be a man full of miserie but with the good Samaritane administer oyl and wine for the comfort of his distressed Soul You have been a General a great Commander imitate therefore that noble Captain who thrusting himself into the middest of a Battel cried aloud Mors me Expectat ego Mortem Expectabo as you should not contemn so to do nor should you fear death the one sheweth too much boldness the other no less cowardize so with some other few instructions the Court arose and Sir Walter was commited into the hands of the Sheriff of Middlesex who presently conveyed him to the Gate-house in Westminster Upon Thursday morning this Couragious although Committed Knight was brought before the Parliament-house where there was a Scaffold erected for his Beheading yet it was doubted over-night that he should be hanged but it fell out otherwise He had no sooner mounted the scaffold but with a chearfull Countenance and undaunted Look he saluted the Companie His Attire was a wrought Night-cap a Ruff band a hair-coloured Sattin Doublet with a black wrought Waste-coat under it a pair of black cut Taffety Breeches a pair of ash-coloured Silk Stockings a wrought black Velvet Night-gown putting off his Hat he directed his Speech to the Lords present as followeth My honourable Lords and the rest of my good friends that come to see me die Know that I much rejoyce that it hath pleased God to bring me from darkness to light and in freeing me from the Tower wherein I might have died in disgrace by letting me live to come to this place where though I lose my life yet I shall clear some false accusations unjustly laid to my charge and leave behind me a testimonie of a true heart both to my King and Countrey Two things there are which have exceedingly possest and provoked his Majesties indignation against me viz. A Confederacie or Combination with France and disloyal and disobedient words of my Prince For the first his Majestie had some cause though grounded upon a weak foundation to suspect mine inclination to the French faction for not long before my departure from England the French Agent took occasion passing by my house to visit me had some conference during the time of his abode onely concerning my voyage and nothing else I take God to witness Another suspition is had of me because I did labour to make an escape from Plymouth to France I cannot denie but that willingly when I heard a rumour That there was no hope of my life upon my return to London I would have escaped for the fafeguard of my Life and not for any ill intent or conspiracie against the State The like reason of suspition arose in that I perswaded Sir Lewis Steukly my Guardian to flee with me from London to France but my Answer to this is as to the other That onely for my safeguard and nought else was my intent as I shall answer before the Almightie It is alleadged That I feigned my self sick and by art made my bodie full of blisters when I was at Salisbury True it is I did so the reason was because I hoped thereby to defer my coming before the King and Councel and so by delaying might have gained time to have got my Pardon I have an Example out of Scripture for my warrant that in case of necessitie and for the safeguard of life David feigned himself foolish and mad yet was it not imputed to him for sin Concerning the second Imputation laid to my charge that I should speak scandalous and reprochfull words of my Prince there is no witness against me but onely one and he a Chimical French-man whom I entertained rather for his Jests than his Iudgement this man to incroach himself into the favour of the Lords and gaping after some great reward hath falsly accused me of Seditious speeches against his Majestie against whom if I did either speak or think a thought hurtfull or prejudicial the Lord blot me out of the book of Life It is not a time to flatter or fear Princes for I am a subject to none but Death therefore have a charitable conceit of me That I know to swear is an offence to swear falsly at any time is a great sin but to swear false before the presence of Almightie God before whom I am forthwith to appear were an offence unpardonable therefore think me not now rashly or untruly to confirm or protest any thing As for other objections in that I was brought perforce into England that I carried sixteen thousand pounds in money out of England with me more than I made known that I should receive Letters from the French King and such like with many Protestations he utterly denied FINIS Seeing Touching Hearing Smelling Tasting Scituation for Safety and Plenty Multitude of Inhabitants Religion Academies Courts of Justice Artificers Priledg The first 〈…〉 of Rome to allure stranges was Sanctuarie Triumps Husbandmen Merchant Gentry Two things Sir W. Raleigh accused of