and_o such_o feast_n be_v call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o vigil_n and_o observe_v with_o no_o less_o reverence_n than_o the_o fast_a of_o lent_n this_o remedy_n be_v provide_v after_o st._n hieromes_n time_n which_o die_v the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 422_o when_o bonifacius_n the_o second_o be_v bishop_n of_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n the_o like_a custom_n be_v also_o observe_v among_o the_o egyptian_n watch_n which_o on_o the_o evens_n of_o their_o high_a feast_n fast_v and_o after_o they_o have_v sleep_v abolish_v they_o offer_v a_o cow_n all_o such_o night_n sacrifice_n and_o observance_n for_o like_a cause_n be_v by_o a_o perpetual_a law_n in_o greece_n abrogate_a diagundas_fw-la by_o diagundas_n a_o theban_a the_o fast_a of_o wednesday_n and_o friday_n be_v command_v by_o the_o father_n because_o on_o the_o one_o day_n christ_n be_v crucify_a and_o on_o the_o wednesday_n judas_n purpose_v in_o his_o mind_n to_o bewray_v he_o as_o apollonius_n the_o eloquent_a orator_n suppose_v silvester_n the_o first_o bishop_n of_o rome_n abhor_v the_o memorial_n of_o the_o vain_a gentile_a god_n decree_v that_o the_o day_n of_o the_o week_n which_o have_v before_o the_o name_n and_o title_n of_o the_o sun_n fery_n moon_n mars_n mercury_n jupiter_n venus_n and_o saturn_n shall_v be_v call_v the_o first_o second_o three_o four_o five_o six_o and_o seven_o very_o as_o the_o jew_n count_v their_o day_n from_o the_o sabbath_n day_n he_o do_v also_o call_v the_o first_o very_o dominicus_n die_v that_o we_o name_n sunday_n and_o call_v saturday_n sabbatum_fw-la of_o the_o old_a holy_a day_n and_o rest_n of_o the_o hebrew_n all_o these_o thing_n be_v do_v at_o the_o suit_n of_o constantine_n then_o emperor_n albeit_o the_o apostle_n before_o that_o time_n have_v consecrate_v the_o sunday_n to_o the_o lord_n because_o that_o day_n he_o rise_v from_o death_n and_o the_o jew_n sabbath_n be_v turn_v into_o it_o as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o decree_n of_o pius_n that_o ordain_v the_o easter_n to_o be_v keep_v on_o the_o sunday_n sunday_n and_o therefore_o i_o think_v silvester_n do_v but_o only_o renew_v the_o same_o act_n of_o the_o sunday_n it_o be_v the_o invention_n of_o the_o egyptian_n that_o the_o day_n be_v first_o name_v after_o the_o 7_o planet_n as_o diodorus_n record_v saint_n gregory_n be_v the_o author_n that_o neither_o flesh_n nor_o any_o thing_n that_o have_v affinity_n with_o it_o day_n as_o cheese_n milk_n butter_n egg_n shall_v be_v eat_v on_o such_o day_n as_o be_v fast_v we_o have_v also_o a_o manner_n and_o usage_n of_o hallow_v the_o table_n and_o meat_n before_o we_o be_v set_v that_o begin_v of_o the_o imitation_n of_o christ_n which_o use_v the_o same_o fashion_n over_o the_o five_o loaf_n in_o the_o wilderness_n and_o at_o emaus_n also_o he_o do_v likewise_o consecrate_v the_o table_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o his_o disciple_n so_o be_v the_o form_n of_o say_v grace_n after_o supper_n take_v likewise_o of_o the_o custom_n that_o christ_n common_o keep_v at_o his_o supper_n the_o manner_n to_o read_v a_o part_n of_o the_o bible_n at_o dinner_n time_n have_v be_v of_o long_a continuance_n and_o do_v proceed_v of_o the_o godly_a doctrine_n that_o christ_n instruct_v his_o disciple_n in_o at_o all_o time_n but_o namely_o at_o his_o last_o supper_n wherein_o he_o treat_v of_o the_o perfection_n of_o all_o the_o mystery_n of_o our_o religion_n and_o thus_o our_o father_n to_o keep_v in_o memory_n such_o a_o wholesome_a institution_n do_v bring_v in_o this_o manner_n of_o read_v the_o scripture_n at_o meat_n or_o meal-time_n chap._n v._o the_o original_n of_o holy-day_n paschal_n candle_n birthday_n like_a as_o the_o jew_n have_v in_o their_o law_n which_o be_v but_o only_o a_o shadow_n of_o thing_n to_o come_v holy-day_n appoint_v for_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o mystery_n of_o their_o religion_n who_o they_o in_o one_o general_a term_n name_v sabbath-daye_n jew_n of_o the_o rest_n and_o vacation_n that_o they_o have_v from_o bodily_a labour_n semblable_o our_o father_n have_v ordain_v feastival_n day_n holiday_n in_o the_o nâ—w_a testament_n wherein_o christian_a man_n all_o profane_a business_n and_o evil_a matter_n lay_v apart_o may_v whol'y_v apply_v themselves_o to_o godly_a and_o spiritual_a meditation_n as_o the_o peruse_n and_o read_v of_o scripture_n day_n hear_v of_o devout_a sermon_n render_v honour_n to_o god_n by_o sacrifice_v pray_v and_o well_o do_v be_v work_n fit_a and_o convenient_a for_o the_o holiday_n and_o also_o reverence_v the_o memorial_n of_o saint_n on_o such_o day_n as_o be_v assign_v to_o that_o purpose_n be_v on_o the_o holy_a day_n laudable_a for_o oblation_n be_v only_o due_a to_o god_n as_o paul_n and_o barnabas_n do_v open_o testify_v at_o listra_n for_o when_o he_o have_v command_v by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o word_n of_o god_n that_o the_o man_n which_o be_v lame_a from_o his_o mother_n womb_n shall_v arise_v and_o walk_v the_o people_n for_o wonder_n and_o marvel_n of_o the_o miracle_n will_v have_v do_v sacrifice_n to_o they_o but_o they_o rent_v their_o clothes_n depart_v out_o of_o the_o press_n and_o with_o sharp_a word_n rebuke_v their_o enterprise_n as_o a_o thing_n unmeet_a to_o be_v do_v to_o any_o mortal_a man_n or_o worldly_a creature_n first_o of_o all_o apostle_n the_o feast_n of_o easter_n be_v institute_v by_o the_o apostle_n and_o prescribe_v by_o pius_n the_o first_o to_o be_v solemnize_v on_o the_o sunday_n afterwards_o victor_n that_o be_v bishop_n of_o rome_n about_o the_o 196th_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n decree_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v keep_v march_n and_o celebrate_v on_o the_o sunday_n from_o the_o fourteen_o day_n of_o the_o first_o month_n that_o be_v march_n until_o the_o 22_o of_o the_o same_o lest_o our_o order_n and_o account_n shall_v agree_v with_o the_o jew_n which_o keep_v it_o somewhat_o soon_o than_o that_o appointment_n speak_v of_o albeit_o many_o foreign_a bishop_n at_o the_o first_o refuse_v that_o constitution_n because_o they_o think_v it_o not_o amiss_o to_o keep_v that_o feast_n after_o the_o precedent_n of_o saint_n john_n the_o apostle_n easter_n who_o renew_v the_o rite_n of_o the_o jew_n in_o the_o feast_n of_o easter_n the_o custom_n of_o hallow_v paschall_n candle_n on_o easter_n eve_n be_v command_v by_o zozinus_fw-la to_o be_v frequent_v in_o every_o church_n the_o manner_n of_o keep_v holy_a the_o birthday_n of_o every_o man_n be_v much_o use_v in_o rome_n albeit_o the_o persian_n have_v that_o usage_n before_o they_o for_o there_o it_o be_v the_o fashion_n that_o every_o man_n after_o his_o ability_n shall_v with_o observance_n of_o dainty_a feast_n worship_v the_o day_n of_o their_o birth_n and_o of_o they_o the_o roman_n receive_v that_o superstition_n chap._n vi_o of_o the_o institution_n of_o holiday_n and_o canonise_a as_o you_o have_v hear_v that_o saint_n john_n the_o apostle_n do_v celebrate_v the_o feast_n of_o easter_n easter_n even_o so_o the_o other_o apostle_n as_o it_o be_v say_v be_v author_n not_o only_o of_o the_o same_o easter-feast_n but_o also_o ordain_v that_o those_o day_n wherein_o our_o saviour_n have_v do_v any_o mystery_n concern_v our_o salvation_n or_o information_n shall_v be_v keep_v holy_a and_o to_o the_o intent_n they_o may_v be_v more_o reverence_v of_o their_o posterity_n they_o themselves_o keep_v they_o during_o their_o life_n very_o devout_o as_o the_o sunday_n advent_n apostle_n the_o nativity_n circumcision_n and_o epiphany_n of_o our_o lord_n the_o purification_n of_o our_o lady_n call_v candlemas_n lent_n palm-sunday_n maunday-thursday_n when_o christ_n after_o supper_n wash_v his_o disciple_n foot_n good-friday_n easter_n the_o ascension_n and_o whitsunday_n the_o feast_n of_o pentecost_n be_v before_o use_v of_o the_o hebrew_n for_o fifty_o day_n after_o that_o the_o lamb_n be_v sacrifice_v in_o egypt_n the_o law_n write_v by_o the_o hand_n of_o god_n be_v give_v by_o moses_n in_o the_o mount_n oreb_n in_o the_o wilderness_n of_o sinai_n and_o 50_o day_n after_o the_o death_n of_o christ_n who_o like_o a_o lamb_n be_v offer_v of_o the_o jew_n for_o our_o paschal_n the_o apostle_n receive_v the_o law_n of_o the_o spirit_n the_o feast_n of_o transfiguration_n come_v also_o of_o the_o jew_n for_o like_a as_o moses_n his_o face_n be_v transpose_v into_o a_o perfect_a brightness_n after_o he_o have_v commune_v with_o god_n in_o the_o mount_n so_o now_o after_o the_o shadow_n and_o vail_n be_v take_v away_o by_o christ_n his_o come_n it_o please_v god_n to_o show_v to_o his_o disciple_n his_o transfiguration_n as_o a_o declaration_n of_o the_o shadow_n past_a and_o a_o figure_n or_o signification_n of_o the_o immortality_n to_o come_v in_o consideration_n whereof_o the_o holy_a father_n perceive_v the_o use_n of_o such_o holy-day_n confirm_v and_o ratify_v they_o by_o a_o
it_o may_v move_v they_o to_o sedition_n or_o treason_n mausoleum_n mausoleum_n that_o be_v the_o tomb_n of_o mausolus_n king_n of_o caria_n his_o wife_n artemesia_n build_v most_o sumptuous_o artemesia_n and_o for_o that_o faithful_a love_n that_o she_o bear_v to_o he_o she_o remain_v a_o widow_n all_o her_o life_n time_n the_o manner_n of_o burial_n in_o divers_a country_n be_v of_o sundry_a fashion_n as_o the_o massegetes_n and_o derbians_n judge_v they_o that_o die_v in_o sickness_n very_a wretch_n and_o therefore_o when_o their_o parent_n and_o kinsfolk_n wax_v age_v they_o strangle_v they_o and_o eat_v they_o suppose_v that_o it_o be_v better_a that_o they_o shall_v eat_v they_o than_o the_o worm_n the_o alban_n the_o dwell_v by_o the_o mount_n caucasus_n take_v it_o to_o be_v a_o mortal_a crime_n if_o they_o regard_v or_o once_o name_v they_o that_o be_v dead_a the_o thracian_n keep_v solemn_o the_o funeral_n of_o the_o dead_a corpse_n of_o man_n with_o great_a joy_n and_o solace_n because_o they_o be_v discharge_v by_o death_n from_o humane_a misery_n and_o rest_n in_o eternal_a felicity_n and_o contrariwise_o at_o the_o birth_n of_o their_o child_n they_o make_v great_a sorrow_n and_o lamentation_n because_o of_o the_o calamity_n that_o they_o must_v sustain_v in_o this_o miserable_a life_n the_o woman_n in_o india_n take_v it_o for_o a_o great_a honesty_n and_o triumph_n if_o they_o be_v bury_v with_o their_o husband_n for_o it_o be_v grant_v to_o she_o that_o love_v he_o best_o there_o be_v other_o diverse_a manner_n of_o bury_v among_o the_o pagan_n and_o heathen_a people_n which_o forasmuch_o as_o they_o exceed_v the_o bound_n of_o humanity_n and_o have_v in_o they_o no_o hope_n of_o resurrection_n which_o i_o shall_v at_o this_o present_a omit_v and_o overpass_v they_o the_o roman_n because_o the_o dead_a corpse_n sylla_n that_o die_v in_o battle_n be_v after_o their_o burial_n dig_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n institute_v the_o manner_n of_o burn_v the_o carcase_n of_o man_n depart_v which_o rite_n be_v execute_v on_o sylla_n chief_a of_o all_o the_o house_n and_o kindred_n of_o the_o cornelian_o which_o fear_v lest_o he_o shall_v be_v serve_v as_o he_o have_v use_v marius_n they_o have_v also_o in_o rome_n a_o manner_n of_o deify_v or_o hallow_v their_o emperor_n dead_a body_n after_o this_o sort_n when_o the_o emperor_n be_v dead_a and_o his_o body_n reverent_o bury_v with_o great_a exequy_n they_o form_v a_o image_n of_o the_o emperor_n pale_a as_o though_o he_o be_v sick_a and_o lay_v it_o at_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o palace_n in_o a_o bed_n of_o ivory_n and_o the_o physician_n resort_v thither_o to_o the_o bed_n six_o day_n continual_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o noble_a lady_n and_o matron_n stand_v on_o every_o side_n of_o the_o bed_n the_o seven_o day_n the_o young_a lord_n and_o nobility_n bear_v he_o on_o their_o shoulder_n in_o the_o bed_n first_o into_o the_o old_a place_n of_o judgement_n call_v forum_n vetus_n and_o then_o into_o the_o field_n name_v campus_n martiuâ—_n where_o they_o choose_v their_o magistrate_n and_o high_a officer_n where_o they_o lay_v he_o intent_n build_v for_o the_o purpose_n like_o a_o tower_n and_o fill_v it_o with_o dry_a wood_n and_o sweet_a ointment_n and_o after_o they_o have_v finish_v the_o rite_n and_o ceremony_n of_o their_o law_n he_o that_o shall_v succeed_v in_o the_o empire_n put_v a_o firebrand_n to_o the_o tent_n and_o then_o other_o do_v the_o like_a and_o after_o all_o be_v burn_v they_o let_v fly_v a_o eagle_n out_o of_o the_o top_n of_o the_o turret_n which_o as_o they_o suppose_v carry_v the_o soul_n of_o the_o emperor_n to_o heaven_n and_o from_o thenceforth_o they_o honour_v he_o as_o a_o god_n commendation_n to_o the_o worship_n of_o the_o dead_a body_n at_o funeral_n valorius_fw-la publicola_n first_o make_v in_o the_o praise_n of_o brutus_n and_o that_o be_v long_o before_o the_o greek_n have_v any_o notwithstanding_o gellius_n write_v that_o solon_n ordain_v that_o law_n in_o athens_n in_o the_o time_n of_o tarqvinius_n prison_n rome_n the_o roman_n use_v to_o praise_v the_o woman_n at_o their_o burial_n because_o on_o a_o time_n they_o be_v content_v to_o give_v their_o golden_a jewel_n to_o make_v a_o boul_a to_o send_v to_o dolphos_n to_o the_o god_n apollo_n chap._n viii_o who_o make_v spires_n call_v obelisci_fw-la the_o mark_n of_o the_o broach_v the_o egyptian_n letter_n first_o sanctuary_n obelisci_fw-la which_o may_v be_v call_v long_o broach_v or_o spire_n be_v great_a and_o huge_a stone_n in_o egypt_n make_v by_o mason_n from_o the_o bottom_n small_a and_o small_a of_o a_o large_a length_n and_o be_v consecrate_v to_o the_o sun_n because_o they_o be_v long_o much_o like_a to_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o first_o of_o they_o be_v institute_v by_o mitre_n which_o reign_v in_o heliopolis_n be_v command_v by_o a_o vision_n to_o make_v it_o and_o so_o be_v it_o record_v and_o write_v in_o the_o same_o king_n bochis_n set_v up_o four_o that_o be_v every_o of_o they_o 48_o cubit_n long_o ramese_n rameses_n in_o who_o time_n troy_n be_v destroy_v rear_v up_o one_o forty_o cubit_n of_o length_n and_o another_o of_o 819_o foot_n and_o every_o side_n be_v four_o cubit_n broad_a ptolomeus_n philadelphus_n make_v one_o at_o alexandria_n of_o four_o cubit_n ptolomeus_n and_o phoron_n set_v two_o in_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o sun_n of_o a_o hundred_o cubit_n length_n a_o piece_n and_o four_o cubit_n broad_a on_o this_o occasion_n it_o fortune_v that_o this_o king_n for_o a_o great_a crime_n that_o he_o have_v commit_v be_v strike_v blind_a and_o continue_v so_o ten_o year_n and_o after_o by_o revelation_n at_o the_o city_n bucis_n it_o be_v tell_v he_o that_o he_o shall_v receive_v his_o sight_n if_o he_o wash_v his_o eye_n with_o the_o water_n of_o a_o woman_n that_o be_v never_o defile_v with_o any_o strange_a man_n but_o be_v always_o content_a with_o her_o husband_n first_o he_o try_v his_o own_o wife_n and_o afterward_o many_o other_o till_o at_o the_o last_o he_o receive_v his_o sight_n and_o marry_v she_o by_o who_o urine_n he_o be_v heal_v and_o recover_v his_o sight_n and_o all_o the_o other_o with_o his_o first_o wife_n he_o cause_v to_o be_v burn_v at_o once_o then_o for_o a_o remembrance_n he_o make_v his_o oblation_n with_o the_o two_o foresay_a spire_n in_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o sun_n augustus_n caesar_n bring_v two_o of_o these_o broach_v into_o rome_n and_o set_v one_o in_o the_o great_a tiltyard_n or_o list_n if_o i_o may_v call_v circus_n in_o those_o term_n the_o other_o he_o set_v in_o the_o field_n call_v campus_n martius_n in_o these_o broach_v for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v write_v image_n of_o beast_n egypt_n whereby_o their_o posterity_n and_o successor_n may_v perceive_v the_o renown_n of_o such_o prince_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o â—ows_n and_o oblation_n for_o the_o egyptian_n use_v the_o image_n of_o beast_n in_o the_o stead_n of_o letter_n and_o as_o cornelius_n write_v they_o declare_v their_o mind_n by_o the_o figure_n and_o shape_n of_o beast_n as_o by_o the_o bee_n they_o signify_v a_o king_n rule_v his_o commons_o with_o great_a moderation_n and_o gentleness_n by_o the_o goshauk_n they_o mean_v speedy_a performance_n of_o their_o affair_n sanctuary_n as_o stacius_n write_v be_v make_v first_o by_o hercules_n nephew_n in_o athens_n and_o be_v call_v the_o temple_n of_o mercy_n from_o thence_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o take_v any_o man_n violent_o that_o repair_v thither_o for_o aid_n and_o comfort_n notwithstanding_o moses_n which_o be_v long_o before_o hercules_n do_v institute_v three_o franchise_v town_n whither_o it_o be_v permit_v for_o they_o to_o go_v that_o have_v do_v any_o murder_n unaware_o oâ—_n by_o chance-medley_o next_o after_o he_o romulus_n romulus_n ordain_v a_o sanctuary_n in_o rome_n to_o increase_v his_o citizen_n and_o to_o have_v more_o number_n to_o build_v the_o city_n there_o be_v a_o sanctuary_n in_o the_o isle_n calvaria_fw-la dedicate_v to_o neptune_n and_o another_o in_o egypt_n at_o canopus_n consecrate_v to_o hercules_n and_o another_o to_o osiris_n and_o in_o syria_n one_o hallow_v to_o apollo_n and_o there_o be_v many_o at_o this_o day_n in_o christendom_n and_o namely_o in_o england_n but_o now_o the_o liberty_n and_o number_n of_o they_o be_v diminish_v because_o they_o be_v occasion_n of_o great_a crime_n and_o enormity_n chap._n ix_o of_o theatre_n amphitheatre_n and_o bath_n theater_n be_v certain_a place_n as_o scaffold_n with_o pentise_n wherein_o the_o people_n of_o athens_n stand_v to_o behold_v the_o interlude_n that_o be_v show_v and_o they_o be_v make_v like_o half_a a_o circle_n with_o bench_n one_o above_o another_o that_o they_o may_v without_o any_o impediment_n see_v
patriarch_n and_o archbishop_n patriarch_n at_o the_o first_o be_v of_o rome_n antioch_n alexandria_n jerusalem_n and_o constantinople_n archbishop_n have_v their_o title_n to_o be_v call_v metropolitan_o because_o their_o see_n be_v in_o the_o mother-city_n of_o the_o province_n patriarch_n 〈◊〉_d the_o first_o ordain_v that_o all_o patriarch_n and_o archbishop_n shall_v wear_v a_o pall_n which_o which_o do_v signify_v meekness_n and_o justice_n wherewith_o they_o shall_v especial_o be_v garnish_v then_o also_o the_o inferior_a order_n begin_v to_o be_v divide_v as_o that_o the_o archdeacon_n shall_v be_v above_o a_o deacon_n and_o archpriest_n above_o the_o priest_n and_o over_o they_o the_o dean_n and_o then_o be_v ordain_v canon_n that_o sing_v in_o cathedral_n church_n 〈◊〉_d permit_v bishopric_n that_o a_o bishop_n may_v change_v his_o bishopric_n for_o another_o upon_o a_o honest_a cause_n if_o he_o be_v think_v sufficient_a to_o discharge_v a_o great_a for_o his_o learning_n and_o godliness_n caius_n first_o make_v a_o statute_n that_o a_o priest_n may_v not_o be_v convent_v before_o a_o temporal_a judge_n convent_v but_o lest_o any_o man_n shall_v be_v circumvent_v by_o fraud_n or_o guile_n euâ—â—chianus_n institute_v that_o the_o accusatiâ—â—_n shall_v be_v put_v in_o write_v before_o the_o judge_n likewise_o cornelius_n decree_v 〈◊〉_d a_o man_n shall_v not_o take_v or_o require_v 〈◊〉_d oath_n of_o a_o priest_n but_o only_o in_o matterâ—_n concern_v religion_n and_o faith_n the_o manner_n of_o swear_v be_v in_o olâ—_n time_n of_o this_o sort_n he_o that_o shall_v sweâ—â—_n take_v a_o stone_n in_o his_o hand_n and_o say_v if_o i_o deceive_v you_o that_o i_o know_v jupiter_n banish_v i_o out_o of_o all_o good_a man_n company_n preserve_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o city_n as_o i_o cast_v away_o this_o stone_n from_o i_o and_o as_o pliny_n 〈◊〉_d write_v it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o any_o man_n to_o bear_v a_o office_n five_o day_n unless_o he_o be_v swear_v in_o like_a manner_n our_o bishop_n king_n priest_n or_o other_o offices-swear_a before_o they_o be_v admit_v to_o the_o office_n justinianne_n emperor_n appoint_v first_o that_o man_n shall_v swear_v by_o the_o gospel_n and_o now_o adays_o all_o that_o swear_v lay_v their_o hand_n on_o the_o book_n and_o kiss_v it_o say_v so_o help_v i_o god_n and_o the_o holy_a gospel_n because_o as_o the_o gospel_n of_o our_o religion_n and_o faith_n may_v for_o no_o cause_n be_v violate_v so_o a_o oath_n in_o no_o case_n may_v be_v break_v the_o fashion_n of_o excommunicate_v man_n that_o be_v obstinate_a and_o disobedient_a to_o the_o officer_n excommunication_n or_o common_a transgressor_n come_v as_o some_o think_v out_o of_o the_o rite_n of_o the_o jew_n which_o banish_v out_o of_o their_o synagogue_n all_o those_o that_o run_v in_o obstinacy_n against_o their_o tradition_n and_o some_o suppose_v it_o spring_v of_o the_o religious_a folk_n in_o france_n name_v druid_n which_o as_o caesar_n record_v if_o either_o a_o private_a man_n or_o officer_n be_v â—ot_n conformable_o order_v after_o their_o ceremony_n exclude_v he_o out_o of_o their_o company_n chap._n ix_o consecrate_v nun_n take_v off_o our_o caâ—kissing_a the_o popeâ—_n foot_n and_o wash_v of_o foot_n the_o custom_n to_o consecrate_v virgin_n make_v a_o vow_n of_o chastity_n be_v 〈◊〉_d by_o pius_n the_o first_o which_o institute_v 〈◊〉_d that_o none_o shall_v be_v make_v before_o 〈◊〉_d be_v 25_o year_n old_a profession_n and_o that_o they_o may_v be_v consecrate_v at_o no_o time_n but_o in_o the_o epiphany_n or_o twelf-day_n easter_n eauâ—â—_n and_o on_o the_o feast_n of_o the_o apostle_n 〈◊〉_d it_o be_v when_o any_o profess_a be_v 〈◊〉_d point_n to_o die_v and_o sotherus_n cause_v 〈◊〉_d a_o decree_n be_v make_v that_o no_o such_o profess_a shall_v touch_v cope_n incense_n or_o put_v incense_n into_o the_o censor_n the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n god_n 175._o it_o seem_v to_o have_v begin_v 〈◊〉_d the_o apostle_n which_o be_v prove_v by_o paul_n word_n where_o he_o say_v let_v no_o widow_n be_v choose_v before_o she_o be_v threescore_o year_n of_o age_n with_o divers_a like_o say_n linus_n bishop_n of_o rome_n command_v that_o no_o woman_n shall_v enter_v into_o the_o congregation_n or_o temple_n church_n with_o her_o head_n bare_a which_o appear_v to_o have_v be_v take_v of_o the_o hebrew_n for_o the_o bishop_n iâ—_n the_o old_a law_n may_v not_o uncover_v his_o head_n and_o in_o arabia_n and_o carthage_n it_o 〈◊〉_d take_v for_o a_o unhonest_a and_o unreverent_a thing_n if_o a_o woman_n shall_v uncover_v her_o head_n cap_n and_o go_v bare_a the_o take_v off_o of_o our_o cap_n to_o our_o superior_n signify_v that_o we_o shall_v disclose_v and_o show_v they_o all_o such_o thing_n as_o we_o have_v in_o our_o custody_n the_o rite_n diabolick_a of_o kiss_v the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n foot_n foot_n take_v its_o original_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o roman_n which_o in_o their_o paganism_n use_v to_o kiss_v the_o foot_n of_o the_o people_n and_o other_o noble_n in_o token_n of_o obedience_n as_o seneca_n tell_v how_o caius_n caesar_n stretch_v out_o his_o left_a foot_n that_o pompeius_n a_o carthaginian_a may_v kiss_v it_o pompenius_fw-la laetus_n write_v that_o the_o emperor_n use_v to_o give_v their_o hand_n to_o be_v kiss_v of_o the_o noble_n and_o then_o to_o take_v they_o up_o to_o kiss_v their_o mouth_n and_o the_o commons_o kiss_v their_o knee_n but_o cvius_fw-la caligula_n and_o dioclesianus_n make_v they_o to_o stoop_v to_o their_o foot_n this_o pagan_a example_n our_o christian_a bishop_n and_o god_n vicar_n full_a uncomely_a and_o ungodly_a do_v counterfeit_a all_o other_o bishop_n use_v to_o deliver_v their_o right_a hand_n to_o be_v kiss_v of_o such_o as_o come_v to_o salute_v they_o for_o the_o right_a hand_n as_o pliny_n say_v in_o the_o 11_o book_n have_v in_o itself_o a_o certain_a religion_n and_o therefore_o we_o make_v all_o covenant_n and_o promise_n with_o it_o the_o manner_n of_o salute_v with_o kiss_n be_v very_o ancient_a kiss_n for_o it_o be_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o hebrew_n to_o kiss_v stranger_n at_o their_o first_o meeting_n as_o jacob_n kiss_v rachel_n before_o he_o break_v unto_o she_o that_o he_o be_v of_o kindred_n and_o laban_n after_o he_o know_v he_o to_o be_v his_o sister_n son_n embrace_v he_o with_o his_o arm_n and_o kiss_v he_o and_o the_o roman_n custom_n be_v to_o kiss_v their_o kinsfolk_n but_o afterward_o it_o be_v extend_v to_o further_a familiarity_n and_o be_v now_o frequent_v very_o lascivious_o albeit_o in_o rome_n it_o be_v a_o ordinance_n that_o woman_n shall_v kiss_v their_o kinsfolk_n because_o that_o if_o sshe_n have_v drink_v any_o wine_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n make_v against_o the_o woman_n for_o drink_v of_o wine_n by_o such_o mean_v she_o may_v be_v espy_v wash_v of_o foot_n on_o maundays-thursday_n that_o the_o priest_n use_v among_o themselves_o thursday_n and_o noble_n to_o inferior_a person_n be_v a_o counterfeit_n of_o the_o institute_n of_o christ_n who_o to_o show_v they_o a_o pattern_n of_o humility_n and_o meekness_n wash_v the_o apostle_n foot_n the_o king_n and_o queen_n of_o england_n that_o day_n wash_v the_o foot_n of_o so_o many_o poor_a man_n and_o woman_n as_o they_o be_v year_n old_a and_o give_v to_o every_o of_o they_o so_o many_o penny_n with_o a_o gown_n and_o a_o ordinary_a alm_n of_o meat_n and_o kiss_v their_o foot_n and_o afterward_o give_v their_o gown_n on_o their_o back_n to_o they_o that_o they_o see_v most_o need_n of_o all_o the_o number_n it_o be_v a_o godly_a institute_n i_o will_v there_o be_v more_o such_o ceremony_n to_o help_v the_o poor_a for_o they_o be_v now_o neglect_v and_o not_o regard_v but_o lie_v dead_a often_o in_o the_o street_n for_o lack_v of_o sustenance_n chap._n x._o the_o institution_n of_o priest_n call_v flamen_fw-la with_o other_o religion_n of_o the_o roman_n numa_n pompilius_n the_o second_o king_n of_o rome_n willing_a to_o reclaim_v that_o fierce_a nation_n from_o war_n and_o chivalry_n to_o the_o regard_n of_o justice_n and_o keep_v of_o peace_n ordain_v to_o the_o high_a god_n jupiter_n a_o sacred_a person_n call_v flamen_n dialis_n dialis_n that_o be_v jupiter_n priest_n and_o to_o advance_v the_o order_n he_o set_v he_o in_o a_o chariot_n of_o ivory_n and_o a_o costly_a robe_n but_o so_o soon_o as_o his_o wife_n be_v decease_v he_o be_v discharge_v and_o give_v over_o his_o office_n he_o never_o ride_v out_o nor_o may_v not_o lie_v one_o night_n out_o of_o the_o city_n lest_o any_o sacrifice_n shall_v be_v neglect_v by_o such_o absence_n swear_v be_v clean_o forbid_v he_o because_o a_o oath_n be_v a_o manner_n of_o punishment_n to_o any_o freeborn_a man_n and_o namely_o to_o a_o priest_n which_o have_v charge_n of_o all_o divine_a observance_n for_o
decree_n make_v in_o the_o council_n have_v at_o lion_n in_o france_n and_o furthermore_o command_v that_o such_o day_n as_o either_o the_o holy_a saint_n depart_v this_o life_n or_o else_o wrought_v any_o miracle_n or_o do_v any_o notable_a deed_n to_o the_o increase_n of_o our_o religion_n shall_v be_v keep_v holy_a because_o christian_n may_v have_v more_o opportunity_n to_o hear_v the_o word_n of_o god_n and_o more_o devout_o serve_v he_o in_o a_o uniform_a order_n then_o be_v institute_v the_o feast_n of_o saint_n stephen_n lion_n innocent_n sylvester_n john_n baptist_n the_o apostle_n day_n conversion_n of_o paul_n our_o ladydaye_n laurence_n michael_n martin_n and_o general_o of_o all_o saint_n which_o be_v the_o constitution_n of_o bonifacius_n the_o four_o for_o he_o cause_v that_o the_o temple_n which_o marcus_n agrippae_fw-la do_v edify_v in_o honour_n of_o all_o the_o roman_n idol_n as_o the_o name_n pantheon_n do_v pretend_v be_v by_o the_o licence_n of_o phocas_n than_o emperor_n turn_v into_o the_o church_n of_o all-hallows_n and_o consecrate_v the_o 12_o day_n of_o may_n and_o gregory_n the_o four_o afterward_o will_v it_o to_o be_v keep_v the_o first_o day_n of_o november_n the_o feast_n of_o the_o invention_n and_o exaltation_n of_o the_o cross_n and_o corpus_fw-la christi_fw-la day_n be_v dedicate_v by_o urban_n the_o four_o and_o pronounce_v for_o holy-day_n sylvester_n at_o the_o suit_n and_o instance_n of_o the_o emperor_n constantine_n assign_v the_o day_n of_o ad_fw-la vincula_fw-la sancti_fw-la petri_n call_v common_o lammas_n in_o memorial_n of_o peter_n pain_n persecution_n and_o punishment_n that_o he_o suffer_v for_o religion_n fellix_fw-la the_o first_o to_o magnify_v the_o glorious_a commendation_n of_o martyr_n make_v a_o statute_n that_o a_o yearly_a oblation_n shall_v be_v have_v in_o memorial_n of_o they_o and_o gregory_n will_v that_o mass_n shall_v be_v say_v over_o their_o body_n which_o thing_n vigilantius_n think_v worthy_a to_o be_v reject_v and_o refuse_v albeit_o the_o report_n go_v that_o anacletus_fw-la be_v of_o this_o constitution_n the_o first_o author_n the_o same_o felix_n institute_v first_o that_o the_o day_n whereon_o any_o temple_n be_v dedicate_v shall_v be_v hallow_v of_o that_o village_n or_o town_n church_n and_o make_v also_o a_o law_n that_o such_o church_n as_o man_n doubt_v of_o whether_o they_o be_v consecrate_v or_o no_o shall_v be_v hallow_v again_o and_o felix_n the_o four_o do_v ordain_v that_o bishop_n only_o shall_v dedicate_v they_o and_o that_o the_o same_o dedicate_a day_n shall_v be_v keep_v holy_a yearly_o afterward_o the_o fashion_n to_o deify_v man_n that_o have_v do_v any_o benefit_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o ancient_a usage_n that_o i_o read_v of_o for_o antiquity_n even_o from_o the_o beginning_n be_v accustom_v to_o make_v god_n of_o their_o king_n which_o either_o by_o abundance_n of_o benefit_n or_o notable_a quality_n and_o prowess_n have_v win_v the_o heart_n of_o their_o commons_o and_o special_o the_o roman_n do_v that_o with_o great_a pomp_n and_o many_o observance_n as_o i_o do_v declare_v before_o in_o the_o three_o book_n out_o of_o herodian_a of_o they_o our_o bishop_n learned_a as_o by_o a_o pattern_n their_o rite_n of_o canonise_a saint_n and_o the_o yearly_a sacrifice_n that_o gregory_n and_o felix_n appoint_v concern_v nothing_o else_o but_o to_o declare_v that_o those_o martyr_n be_v saint_n and_o of_o the_o household_n of_o god_n saint_n last_o of_o all_o alexander_z the_o three_o ordain_v that_o no_o such_o divine_a solemnity_n shall_v be_v give_v to_o any_o man_n open_o without_o he_o be_v canonize_v and_o admit_v to_o be_v a_o saint_n by_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n his_o bull_n because_o no_o man_n shall_v choose_v himself_o any_o private_a saint_n or_o commit_v any_o peculiar_a idolatry_n chap._n vii_o institution_n of_o year_n day_n or_o obite_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o mourning_n funeral_n exequy_n that_o be_v do_v over_o dead_a body_n be_v the_o institution_n of_o pelagius_n albeit_o isidorus_n ascribe_v the_o original_n of_o it_o to_o the_o apostle_n and_o he_o himself_o do_v augment_v the_o rite_n that_o we_o use_v in_o this_o time_n ambrose_n suppose_v that_o it_o proceed_v of_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o hebrew_n which_o lament_v jacob_n forty_o day_n and_o moses_n the_o space_n of_o thirty_o day_n for_o that_o time_n be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o wise_a to_o weep_v in_o it_o be_v also_o the_o usage_n of_o ancient_a roman_n to_o mourn_v for_o numa_n pompilius_n assign_v oblation_n to_o the_o infernal_a god_n for_o the_o dead_a and_o do_v inhibit_v that_o a_o child_n under_o the_o age_n of_o three_o year_n shall_v be_v bewail_v and_o that_o the_o elder_a sort_n shall_v be_v mourn_v no_o more_o month_n than_o he_o have_v live_v year_n but_o common_o the_o long_a time_n of_o a_o widow_n mourning_n be_v but_o ten_o month_n wedding_n and_o if_o any_o be_v marry_v within_o the_o space_n again_o it_o be_v count_v a_o great_a reproach_n wherefore_o numa_n ordain_v that_o such_o as_o have_v mourn_v up_o before_o the_o day_n limit_v shall_v offer_v a_o cow_n that_o be_v great_a with_o calf_n for_o a_o expiation_n marriage_n nevertheless_o if_o that_o rite_n be_v use_v now_o a_o day_n and_o namely_o in_o england_n we_o shall_v have_v small_a store_n of_o veal_n there_o be_v so_o many_o that_o marry_v within_o the_o time_n prescribe_v plutarch_n write_v that_o the_o woman_n in_o their_o mourning_n lay_v a_o part_n all_o purple_a gold_n and_o sumptuous_a apparel_n and_o be_v clothe_v both_o they_o and_o their_o kinsfolk_n in_o white_a apparel_n like_a as_o then_o the_o dead_a body_n be_v wrap_v in_o white_a clothes_n the_o white_a colour_n be_v think_v fit_a for_o the_o dead_a because_o it_o be_v clear_a pure_a and_o sincere_a and_o least_o defile_v and_o when_o the_o time_n of_o their_o weep_n be_v expire_v they_o put_v on_o their_o other_o vesture_n of_o this_o ceremony_n as_o i_o take_v it_o the_o french_a queen_n take_v occasion_n clothing_n after_o the_o death_n of_o their_o husband_n the_o king_n to_o wear_v only_o white_a clothing_n and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o such_o widow_n she_o be_v common_o call_v the_o white_a queen_n the_o jew_n end_v their_o mourning_n after_o thirty_o day_n and_o englishman_n keep_v the_o same_o rite_n their_o mourn_a garment_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v altogether_o of_o black_a colour_n and_o they_o use_v to_o wear_v they_o a_o whole_a year_n continual_o unless_o it_o be_v because_o of_o a_o general_a triumph_n or_o rejoice_v or_o new_a magistrate_n choose_v or_o else_o when_o they_o be_v towards_o marriage_n hypoorisy_n but_o the_o custom_n of_o mourning_n be_v no_o other_o thing_n then_o mere_a superstition_n special_o if_o woman_n or_o man_n have_v a_o lour_a look_n and_o a_o laugh_a heart_n for_o all_o such_o lamentation_n help_v nothing_o the_o dead_a corpse_n or_o soul_n of_o the_o decease_a and_o disquiet_v sore_o the_o live_n the_o manner_n of_o wash_v dead_a body_n and_o special_o of_o noble_a man_n and_o anoint_v they_o be_v receive_v of_o our_o ancestry_n which_o use_v to_o wash_v the_o body_n of_o the_o dead_a and_o it_o be_v the_o office_n of_o they_o that_o be_v near_o of_o his_o kindred_n to_o do_v it_o soul-masse_n day_n that_o be_v the_o second_o day_n of_o november_n be_v begin_v by_o odilo_n that_o be_v provost_n or_o provincial_n of_o the_o monk_n of_o cluniacenses_fw-la order_n upon_o the_o occasion_n that_o he_o hear_v about_o aetna_n the_o burn_a mountain_n of_o sicily_n oftentimes_o great_a weep_v lamentation_z and_o cry_v which_o he_o suppose_v to_o be_v the_o yell_a of_o evil_a spirit_n that_o bewail_v because_o the_o soul_n of_o dead_a man_n be_v take_v from_o they_o by_o the_o petition_n and_o sacrifice_n of_o well_o dispose_v christian_n therefore_o he_o persuade_v his_o covent_n in_o the_o time_n of_o john_n bishop_n of_o rome_n to_o make_v a_o general_a obite_fw-la of_o all_o soul_n the_o day_n next_o after_o the_o feast_n of_o all_o saint_n about_o the_o year_n of_o onâ—_n lord_n 1002_o our_o father_n receive_v it_o as_o a_o godly_a institution_n full_a of_o pitiful_a charity_n and_o thus_o by_o process_n of_o this_o monk_n supposition_n spring_v much_o vain_a superstition_n chap._n viii_o of_o the_o seven_o day_n thirty_o day_n old_a manner_n of_o burial_n hallow_v chalice_n priest_n garment_n with_o other_o thing_n horatius_n the_o poet_n and_o servius_n write_v that_o the_o roman_n use_v customable_o the_o nine_o day_n after_o the_o burial_n to_o renew_v the_o sacrifice_n and_o solemn_a rite_n of_o the_o funeral_n which_o they_o name_v in_o latin_a novem-diales_a of_o this_o we_o in_o our_o religion_n have_v gather_v the_o fashion_n of_o keep_v the_o seven_o day_n with_o exsequy_n and_o other_o ordinary_a oblation_n and_o in_o england_n the_o
the_o crouch_v or_o cross_a friar_n begin_v about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1215._o by_o the_o device_n of_o syracus_n bishop_n of_o jerusalem_n which_o show_v helen_n mother_n of_o constantine_n where_o the_o cross_n lie_v hide_v and_o in_o memorial_n of_o the_o cross_n he_o cause_v this_o brotherhood_n and_o college_n of_o friar_n to_o bear_v the_o cross_n and_o yet_o they_o never_o know_v what_o the_o cross_n weigh_v in_o their_o body_n or_o in_o their_o heart_n and_o forasmuch_o as_o they_o be_v sore_o waste_v innocentius_n the_o three_o renew_v the_o religion_n chap._n iu._n black_a and_o grey-fryer_n the_o trinity-orderâ—_a brigidian_o jesuit_n new_a hermit_n and_o bonhomes_fw-fr about_o the_o time_n of_o innocentius_n the_o three_o arise_v two_o famous_a founder_n of_o two_o superstitious_a sect_n i_o mean_v dominick_n the_o spaniard_n and_o francis_n the_o italian_a of_o the_o country_n of_o vmbria_n dominick_n at_o the_o first_o be_v a_o canon_n but_o because_o he_o can_v not_o suffer_v to_o have_v a_o superior_a and_o be_v also_o weary_a of_o the_o cloister_n he_o invent_v a_o new_a fraternity_n name_v dominican_n blackfriar_n or_o fryers-preacher_n because_o they_o have_v the_o charge_n to_o preach_v the_o gospel_n without_o mixture_n of_o any_o pharisaical_a leven_a the_o new_a guise_n of_o their_o vesture_n make_v innocent_a innocentius_n to_o wonder_v but_o honorius_n the_o three_o by_o his_o bull_n honourable_o admit_v they_o canonize_v the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1220_o and_o gregory_n the_o 9th_o put_v the_o matter_n all_o out_o of_o doubt_n canonize_v dominick_n and_o by_o his_o bull_n under_o lead_n allow_v he_o for_o a_o saint_n frances_n that_o be_v first_o of_o the_o friar_n augustine_n think_v that_o sect_n not_o to_o be_v sufficient_o furnish_v with_o hypocrisy_n begin_v a_o new_a trade_n of_o live_v in_o the_o mount_n appenninus_fw-la in_o a_o place_n name_v common_o laverna_n doubtless_o a_o ground_n worthy_a for_o such_o a_o foundation_n as_o be_v beside_o the_o word_n of_o god_n it_o be_v set_v up_o in_o the_o time_n of_o honorius_n aforesaid_a they_o be_v name_v minoribe_n of_o the_o humility_n and_o lowliness_n of_o heart_n that_o they_o shall_v have_v but_o that_o be_v small_o regard_v and_o far_a from_o their_o study_n two_o year_n after_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n god_n 1229_o francis_n be_v sanctify_v by_o gregory_n saint_n and_o make_v a_o saint_n francisoan_v afterward_o fall_v at_o contention_n for_o the_o rule_n of_o their_o profession_n they_o that_o fail_v somewhat_o of_o the_o unperfect_a perfection_n of_o they_o retain_v the_o name_n of_o minorite_n still_o the_o other_o entitle_v themselves_o observant_n more_o worthy_a to_o be_v call_v obstinate_a the_o latter_a fellow_n be_v bring_v inâ—o_o england_n by_o king_n edward_n the_o four_o and_o be_v great_o enhance_v by_o the_o famous_a prince_n king_n henry_n the_o seven_o at_o the_o same_o time_n be_v clara_n the_o virgin_n countrywoman_n to_o saint_n francis_n which_o be_v a_o great_a foundress_n of_o nun_n of_o the_o same_o rule_n that_o francis_n give_v his_o covent_n of_o they_o spring_v the_o bastard_n penitencer_n in_o the_o day_n of_o john_n the_o 22_o and_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1315._o the_o order_n of_o the_o trinity_n under_o innocentius_n be_v begin_v by_o john_n matta_n and_o felix_n anachorita_n in_o france_n in_o the_o county_n of_o meldine_n then_o also_o be_v found_v or_o else_o not_o long_o after_o in_o the_o time_n of_o martin_n the_o four_o the_o religion_n of_o virgin_n or_o servant_n by_o one_o philip_n of_o florencia_n a_o physician_n and_o benedict_n the_o 11_o confirm_v it_o in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 385._o the_o order_n of_o brigidian_o be_v institute_v by_o brigidia_n a_o widow_n that_o be_v princess_n of_o sueta_fw-la under_o vrban_n the_o 5_o in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1370_o it_o be_v as_o well_o of_o man_n as_o woman_n albeit_o they_o dwell_v several_o by_o themselves_o the_o family_n of_o jesuit_n be_v the_o invention_n of_o johannes_n columbinus_fw-la in_o the_o city_n of_o senes_fw-la in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o same_o urban_n the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1368_o they_o be_v no_o priest_n nor_o consecrate_a person_n but_o be_v man_n of_o the_o lie_v sort_n give_v and_o addict_v to_o prayer_n and_o have_v the_o name_n of_o jesuit_n because_o that_o name_n of_o jesus_n shall_v be_v often_o in_o their_o mouth_n they_o be_v much_o like_a to_o our_o beadsman_n in_o england_n the_o sect_n of_o new_a hermit_n begin_v in_o urbino_n a_o city_n in_o italy_n in_o the_o country_n of_o umbria_n where_o polidore_n virgil_n be_v bear_v and_o be_v the_o device_n of_o one_o petrus_n a_o hetrurian_a and_o they_o have_v in_o the_o same_o city_n a_o goodly_a hospital_n or_o guild-hall_n the_o bonhome_n be_v institute_v in_o england_n by_o edmund_n son_n of_o richard_n earl_n of_o cornwall_n which_o be_v brother_n to_o henry_n the_o three_o and_o be_v elect_v king_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o heir_n apparent_a to_o the_o empire_n by_o the_o principal_a elector_n about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1257._o the_o special_a head_n place_n of_o that_o religion_n be_v astrige_n where_o the_o noble_a king_n henry_n the_o eight_o have_v now_o a_o goodly_a palace_n this_o edmund_n bring_v the_o blood_n of_o our_o saviour_n as_o it_o be_v say_v into_o the_o realm_n chap._n v._o the_o original_n of_o sacred_a knight_n and_o white_a sect_n while_o the_o city_n of_o jerusalem_n sepulchre-knight_n before_o our_o christian_a man_n have_v conquer_v it_o in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1099_o be_v in_o subjection_n to_o the_o saracen_n the_o latin_a christian_n that_o live_v there_o tributary_n purchase_v a_o licence_n to_o build_v near_o unto_o the_o holy_a sepulchre_n dwell_v house_n and_o among_o other_o they_o make_v a_o hospital_n of_o our_o lady_n to_o receive_v the_o strange_a pilgrim_n and_o appoint_v a_o provost_n to_o entertain_v they_o this_o be_v in_o silvester_n the_o first_o his_o time_n the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n three_o hundred_o twenty_o and_o four_o and_o renew_v the_o year_n of_o christ_n one_o thousand_o three_o hundred_o ninety_o and_o seven_o in_o the_o time_n of_o celestine_n the_o three_o bishop_n of_o rome_n after_o the_o pattern_n of_o this_o house_n be_v devise_v a_o like_a house_n of_o virgin_n in_o memorial_n of_o mary_n magdalen_n to_o receive_v the_o woman_n that_o resort_v thither_o it_o begin_v in_o the_o 2d_o vrbanes_n day_n the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1099._o notwithstanding_o because_o the_o multitude_n of_o latin_a pilgrim_n wax_v very_o great_a they_o build_v three_o hospital_n of_o saint_n john_n baptist_n as_o some_o say_v albeit_o some_o think_v it_o be_v of_o john_n eleemosinarius_n that_o be_v the_o patriarch_n of_o alexandria_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o emperor_n phocas_n this_o sect_n one_o gerardus_n adorn_v with_o a_o white_a cross_n in_o a_o black_a vesture_n grand_a captain_n of_o these_o knight_n be_v ramundus_n when_o clement_n the_o five_o have_v the_o see_v of_o rome_n about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1310_o yet_o some_o affirm_v that_o the_o begin_n of_o they_o be_v in_o the_o 3d_o alexander_n day_n the_o year_n of_o christ_n one_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o seventy_o and_o nine_o rhodes_n and_o they_o be_v call_v of_o the_o order_n of_o saint_n john_n or_o knight_n of_o the_o rhodes_n because_o they_o win_v the_o rhodes_n from_o the_o turk_n which_o afterward_o they_o lose_v again_o in_o january_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o salvation_n one_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o twenty_o three_o albeit_o they_o do_v long_o defend_v it_o manful_o the_o temple_n order_n be_v begin_v in_o gelasius_n the_o second_o his_o day_n templer-knight_n in_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n incarnation_n one_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o twenty_o and_o eight_o by_o hugo_n paganus_fw-la and_o gaufridus_n de_fw-fr sancto_fw-la alexandro_n they_o be_v name_v templar_n because_o they_o keep_v in_o a_o part_n of_o the_o building_n near_o to_o the_o temple_n they_o keep_v bernardus_n rule_v in_o their_o live_n but_o clement_n the_o five_o depose_v they_o partly_o for_o that_o they_o renounce_v the_o faith_n and_o conspire_v with_o the_o turk_n and_o partly_o for_o other_o notable_a crime_n the_o order_n of_o teutonic_n or_o dutch_a lord_n dutch-lord_n begin_v in_o jerusalem_n by_o a_o dutch_a man_n who_o name_n be_v not_o know_v their_o office_n be_v to_o fight_v against_o the_o enemy_n of_o christ_n cross_n it_o begin_v in_o the_o day_n of_o clement_n the_o three_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n incarnation_n 1190._o petrus_n ferdinandus_n a_o spaniard_n begin_v the_o order_n of_o saint_n james_n knight_n james_n that_o live_v after_o st_n augustine_n rule_n under_o alexander_n the_o three_o and_o in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n one_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o in_o the_o same_o
by_o the_o saracen_n into_o a_o city_n of_o persia_n call_v mecha_n and_o lay_v in_o a_o coffin_n of_o iron_n caliphas_n succeed_v mahomet_n but_o he_o be_v depose_v for_o his_o superstition_n and_o another_o of_o the_o same_o name_n be_v substitute_v in_o his_o room_n homar_n be_v the_o three_o that_o reign_v and_o he_o after_o the_o conquest_n of_o the_o persian_n wan_a jerusalem_n and_o all_o syria_n the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 680_o in_o the_o time_n of_o agathon_n bishop_n of_o rome_n and_o constantine_n the_o four_o emperor_n this_o sect_n wax_v daily_o big_a and_o big_a partly_o through_o the_o discord_n of_o christian_a prince_n and_o partly_o by_o reason_n of_o our_o sinful_a live_n that_o daily_o grow_v to_o great_a enormity_n that_o deserve_v the_o heavy_a hand_n of_o god_n over_o we_o the_o end_n of_o the_o seven_o book_n polidore_n virgil._n the_o eight_o book_n chap._n i._o of_o relic_n station_n the_o year_n of_o jubilee_n pardon_n not_o long_o after_o the_o martyrdom_n of_o peter_n and_o paul_n both_o many_o and_o that_o of_o divers_a sort_n as_o well_o man_n as_o woman_n by_o the_o example_n of_o their_o constancy_n be_v encourage_v to_o suffer_v sundry_a kind_n of_o torment_n in_o several_a part_n of_o the_o world_n for_o the_o maintain_n of_o christian_a religion_n but_o namely_o in_o rome_n martyrdom_n much_o murder_n of_o innocent_a blood_n be_v commit_v of_o tyrant_n by_o many_o manner_n of_o punishment_n and_o a_o great_a number_n die_v in_o christ_n cause_n among_o other_o certain_z bishop_n to_o the_o number_n of_o thirty_o and_o two_o be_v slay_v by_o extreme_a persecution_n unless_o it_o be_v seven_o of_o they_o which_o by_o death_n be_v prevent_v before_o they_o attain_v the_o crown_n of_o martyr_n therefore_o consider_v that_o much_o martyr_n blood_n be_v spend_v and_o that_o special_o in_o rome_n and_o many_o from_o other_o place_n be_v convey_v thither_o cletus_n and_o anacletus_fw-la bishop_n there_o do_v serious_o go_v about_o to_o reverence_v they_o for_o the_o one_o appoint_v a_o place_n where_o martyr_n shall_v several_o have_v their_o sepulcher_n apart_o from_o the_o lie_v people_n and_o the_o other_o by_o decree_n denounce_v he_o accurse_v as_o sacrilegious_a that_o by_o word_n or_o deed_n hinder_v man_n devotsion_n from_o visit_v the_o tomb_n of_o the_o apostle_n upon_o this_o occasion_n â—_z the_o first_o build_v beyond_o tiber_n a_o church_n in_o honour_n of_o our_o lady_n and_o constantine_n emperor_n edify_v to_o peter_n paul_n and_o laurence_n temple_n this_o matter_n be_v by_o gregory_n the_o saint_n set_v forward_o to_o the_o increase_n of_o superstitious_a devotion_n for_o he_o appoint_v the_o litany_n of_o saint_n with_o orapro_fw-la nobis_fw-la to_o be_v sing_v with_o mass_n in_o certain_a solemn_a day_n in_o the_o chief_a temple_n of_o the_o city_n promise_v they_o that_o repair_v thither_o at_o such_o solemn_a feast_n clean_a remission_n of_o sin_n by_o his_o pardon_n and_o he_o name_v the_o pompous_a sacrifice_n station_n because_o they_o be_v celebrate_v on_o certain_a day_n limit_v and_o prescribe_v by_o statute_n bonifacius_n the_o eight_o in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1300_o appoint_v the_o year_n of_o jubilee_n or_o grace_n to_o be_v keep_v every_o hundred_o year_n with_o clean_a remission_n à _fw-la poena_fw-la et_fw-la culpa_fw-la to_o all_o they_o that_o visit_v the_o temple_n of_o the_o apostle_n peter_n and_o paul_n and_o this_o be_v take_v up_o of_o the_o example_n of_o the_o hebrew_n albeit_o they_o do_v keep_v it_o every_o 50._o year_n or_o else_o as_o some_o think_v he_o assign_v the_o year_n according_a to_o the_o old_a feast_n of_o apollo_n and_o diana_n which_o the_o roman_n heathen_a solemnize_v every_o hundred_o year_n and_o of_o that_o they_o be_v call_v ludi_fw-la seculares_fw-la about_o fifty_o year_n after_o clement_n the_o six_o decree_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v celebrate_v every_o fifty_o year_n as_o the_o hebrew_n rite_n be_v because_o no_o man_n be_v able_a to_o attain_v the_o old_a jubilee_n of_o a_o hundred_o year_n last_o of_o all_o sextus_n the_o four_o restrain_v the_o year_n of_o grace_n to_o the_o 25_o year_n and_o he_o himself_o keep_v it_o at_o that_o day_n which_o be_v in_o the_o year_n of_o god_n grace_n show_v by_o his_o son_n jesus_n christ_n to_o the_o world_n a_o thousand_o four_o hundred_o threescore_o and_o fifteen_o about_o the_o same_o time_n pardon_n be_v much_o use_v but_o who_o be_v the_o first_o author_n of_o they_o i_o have_v not_o read_v in_o any_o writer_n save_v that_o saint_n gregory_n as_o i_o say_v before_o proclaim_v pardon_n as_o a_o reward_n for_o they_o purse_n that_o come_v to_o his_o station_n this_o seed_n sow_v by_o gregory_n grow_v to_o a_o ripe_a harvest_n in_o the_o time_n of_o bonifacius_n the_o 9th_o who_o reap_v much_o money_n for_o that_o chaff_n after_o this_o alexander_z the_o six_o that_o be_v in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1500_o country_n assign_v the_o jubilee_n and_o station_n to_o be_v have_v in_o sundry_a province_n and_o country_n to_o the_o intent_n that_o less_o throng_n of_o people_n and_o more_o thrift_n of_o money_n may_v come_v to_o rome_n and_o so_o the_o people_n shall_v only_o lose_v their_o money_n and_o save_v their_o labour_n but_o moses_n be_v the_o first_o author_n of_o the_o jubilee_n as_o appear_v by_o josephus_n in_o the_o old_a testament_n chap._n ii_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n title_n college_n of_o scribe_n seal_v bull_n with_o lead_n annates_fw-la forasmuch_o as_o nothing_o be_v so_o decent_a for_o a_o priest_n as_o gentleness_n rome_n nothing_o so_o fit_a as_o lowliness_n nothing_o more_o comely_a than_o humbleness_n according_a to_o the_o say_n of_o our_o saviour_n learn_v of_o i_o for_o i_o be_o meek_a and_o lowly_a in_o heart_n nor_o nothing_o more_o against_o their_o order_n then_o pride_n and_o arrogancy_n gregory_n the_o s._n bishop_n of_o rome_n name_v himself_o servus_n servorum_fw-la dei_fw-la which_o thing_n he_o do_v not_o only_o usurp_v in_o title_n but_o also_o express_v in_o deed_n this_o name_n and_o preface_n be_v receive_v and_o use_v of_o his_o successor_n but_o his_o hearty_a meekness_n be_v refuse_v as_o a_o thing_n that_o diminish_v their_o pontifical_a estate_n cletus_n add_v to_o salutem_fw-la et_fw-la apostolicam_fw-la benedictionem_fw-la as_o a_o salutation_n condign_a and_o appertain_v to_o virtue_n and_o godliness_n and_o a_o resemblant_n to_o christ_n greeting_n salute_v which_o be_v peace_n be_v with_o you_o or_o of_o the_o hebrew_n that_o use_v to_o say_v in_o their_o meeting_n peace_n be_v with_o thou_o and_o this_o all_o our_o bishop_n have_v reserve_v to_o themselves_o as_o a_o peculiar_a salute_v as_o concern_v the_o scribe_n that_o use_v to_o write_v the_o letter_n apostolical_a where_o before_o time_n they_o be_v wont_a to_o write_v for_o nothing_o or_o else_o ask_v very_o little_a john_n the_o 22th_o desirous_a to_o increase_v and_o enlarge_v his_o substance_n found_v a_o college_n of_o scribe_n that_o shall_v write_v and_o indite_v letter_n of_o their_o own_o device_n and_o do_v other_o office_n but_o they_o must_v be_v choose_v out_o of_o his_o own_o clerk_n and_o must_v pay_v and_o be_v dismiss_v of_o money_n before_o they_o can_v be_v admit_v to_o the_o room_n he_o do_v also_o pay_v to_o those_o which_o have_v benefice_n of_o his_o gift_n and_o presentation_n all_o such_o thing_n as_o belong_v to_o the_o apostolical_a penitencer_n bennet_n the_o 12_o devise_v first_o lead_n and_o determine_v the_o price_n of_o writ_n and_o bull_n the_o custom_n of_o seal_v the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n bull_n with_o lead_n be_v take_v up_o by_o steven_n the_o three_o and_o hadrian_n the_o first_o to_o the_o intent_n they_o shall_v endure_v long_o where_o before_o time_n the_o usage_n be_v to_o seal_v in_o wax_n with_o a_o rirg_n and_o this_o be_v the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 772_o at_o which_o time_n hadrian_n be_v bishop_n before_o those_o day_n i_o find_v no_o mention_n of_o seal_v with_o lead_n as_o before_o carolus_n magnus_n gold_n none_o of_o the_o roman_a emperor_n seal_v letter_n with_o gold_n pius_n the_o second_o do_v create_v breviator_n and_o set_v they_o in_o a_o order_n which_o paul_n depose_v but_o sextus_n afterward_o renew_v they_o and_o also_o institute_v a_o new_a college_n of_o solicitor_n and_o proctor_n by_o who_o counsel_n and_o advice_n all_o bull_n and_o grant_n be_v make_v and_o ratify_v he_o also_o ordain_v 9_o notary_n of_o the_o treasure_n apostolical_a and_o assign_v to_o every_o of_o they_o certain_a fee_n and_o profit_n that_o he_o may_v have_v speedy_a utterance_n of_o the_o room_n innocentius_n that_o succeed_v next_o sextus_n devise_v the_o college_n of_o secretary_n and_o alexander_n the_o six_o increase_v the_o number_n of_o writer_n of_o his_o brief_n to_o the_o number_n of_o eighty_o
in_o france_n the_o division_n oâ—_n david_n psalter_n into_o seven_o part_n call_v nocturn_n according_a to_o the_o seven_o day_n in_o the_o week_n be_v the_o work_n of_o hierome_n at_o the_o request_n of_o damasus_n bishop_n of_o rome_n which_o also_o give_v commandment_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v read_v alâ—o_o in_o the_o church_n and_o add_v gloria_fw-la patri_fw-la to_o the_o end_n of_o every_o psalm_n damasus_n also_o institute_v that_o the_o psalm_n shall_v be_v sing_v and_o say_v by_o course_n course_n though_o some_o say_v ignatius_n do_v devise_v that_o before_o his_o time_n which_o thing_n be_v learn_v of_o david_n or_o asaph_n for_o in_o the_o old_a synagogue_n they_o use_v to_o sing_v their_o psalm_n after_o that_o sort_n but_o our_o sing_a 〈◊〉_d far_o from_o their_o manner_n for_o our_o singer_n cry_v out_o so_o loud_a that_o we_o hear_v nothing_o saâ—e_v a_o noise_n and_o those_o that_o be_v present_a can_v be_v edify_v with_o the_o word_n it_o be_v great_a furtherance_n to_o religion_n if_o those_o singer_n be_v either_o banish_v out_o of_o the_o temple_n or_o else_o their_o sing_n be_v more_o moderate_v rebuke_v that_o the_o word_n may_v be_v understand_v to_o the_o edify_n of_o the_o laity_n which_o be_v sore_o blind_v with_o sing_v and_o sound_n of_o instrument_n that_o be_v not_o fit_a to_o edify_v but_o to_o delight_v the_o ear_n this_o modest_a sing_n be_v use_v by_o the_o holy_a athanasius_n bishop_n of_o alexandria_n through_o all_o his_o province_n and_o diocese_n as_o austin_n witness_v damasus_n command_v that_o the_o common_a creed_n shall_v be_v say_v every_o hour_n vitalianus_n invent_v the_o decent_a tune_n wherein_o the_o hymn_n be_v sing_v and_o join_v the_o organ_n to_o they_o legend_n of_o saint_n be_v make_v the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 800_o by_o paulus_n diaconus_fw-la and_o isuardus_fw-la a_o monk_n at_o the_o desire_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a and_o for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o persecution_n be_v so_o great_a that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o dioclesian_n the_o emperor_n there_o die_v 17000_o christian_n within_o 30_o day_n space_n they_o can_v not_o particular_o write_v all_o their_o life_n but_o make_v certain_a general_a legend_n of_o martyr_n confessor_n virgin_n which_o we_o now_o call_v the_o common_a and_o the_o father_n command_v those_o to_o be_v read_v in_o the_o church_n on_o â—uch_n ssaints_n day_n afterwards_o many_o think_v that_o they_o shall_v be_v hear_v rather_o for_o their_o much_o babble_a sake_n service_n devise_v sundry_a manner_n of_o pray_v and_o divers_a use_n as_o bennet_n monk_n have_v one_o use_n bernard_n another_o and_o dominick_n brethren_n have_v one_o order_n by_o themselves_o and_o every_o provincial_a bishop_n make_v a_o several_a use_n in_o his_o diocese_n and_o all_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n chap._n iii_o the_o begin_n of_o â—asting_v alm_n advent_n lent_n embr_v day_n fast_v and_o alms-deed_n be_v as_o st._n augustine_n say_v the_o two_o wing_n of_o prayer_n wherewith_o it_o be_v make_v strong_a and_o light_a to_o fly_v into_o the_o presence_n of_o god_n and_o be_v more_o acceptable_a in_o his_o sight_n fast_v have_v be_v use_v from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n when_o the_o fruit_n of_o the_o tree_n of_o know_v good_a and_o evil_n be_v forbid_v to_o our_o first_o parent_n in_o paradise_n because_o by_o such_o abstinence_n they_o may_v obtain_v and_o enjoy_v everlasting_a felicity_n alm_n in_o like_a manner_n spring_v of_o the_o infirmity_n and_o neediness_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o man_n for_o as_o they_o feel_v hunger_n cold_a nakedness_n and_o such_o other_o calamiry_n as_o be_v in_o our_o mortal_a life_n they_o be_v constrain_v to_o desire_v aid_n and_o succour_v of_o other_o man_n as_o of_o alm_n albeit_o moses_n be_v the_o first_o that_o ever_o prescribe_v any_o law_n of_o give_v alm_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o book_n of_o deuteronomy_n charitable_a alm_n must_v be_v so_o free_o give_v that_o we_o exempt_v none_o from_o the_o use_n and_o partaking_a of_o it_o and_o as_o the_o scripture_n say_v without_o respect_n of_o person_n as_o for_o fast_v noah_n of_o that_o original_n proceed_v further_a for_o the_o use_n of_o flesh_n and_o wine_n from_o adam_n till_o the_o time_n of_o noah_n be_v unknown_a and_o moses_n forbear_v meat_n forty_o day_n and_o elias_n do_v likewise_o our_o saviour_n christ_n fast_v the_o same_o space_n fast_v and_o god_n pardon_v the_o ninivites_n of_o their_o crime_n because_o they_o fast_v with_o repentance_n the_o jew_n also_o in_o their_o law_n so_o oft_o as_o they_o either_o ask_v any_o benefit_n of_o god_n or_o will_v pacify_v his_o wrath_n or_o render_v thanks_o for_o his_o benefit_n or_o keep_v any_o solemn_a feast_n use_v common_o to_o fast_v and_o certain_o he_o keep_v not_o the_o true_a fast_o which_o forbear_v flesh_n or_o forego_v his_o supper_n but_o he_o that_o diminish_v his_o affection_n abate_v his_o anger_n assuage_v his_o pride_n moderate_v his_o desire_n mortify_v his_o lust_n suffer_v patient_o all_o adversity_n that_o man_n be_v the_o true_a fast_o albeit_o the_o other_o be_v a_o coadjutor_n to_o that_o thing_n and_o help_v much_o that_o purpose_n therefore_o to_o the_o intent_n we_o may_v reclaim_v such_o corruption_n of_o our_o old_a adam_n the_o apostle_n do_v ordain_v the_o fast_a of_o lent_n as_o hierome_n in_o a_o epistle_n to_o mercella_n do_v plain_o declare_v wherefore_o they_o that_o refer_v it_o to_o telesphorus_n easter_n be_v deceive_v for_o he_o do_v not_o institute_v it_o first_o but_o appoint_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v keep_v before_o easter_n and_o add_v another_o week_n to_o it_o which_o we_o call_v quinquagesima_fw-la this_o week_n he_o command_v priest_n to_o fast_o more_o than_o the_o laity_n because_o that_o they_o which_o ought_v to_o be_v holy_a than_o the_o rest_n shall_v in_o this_o ordinary_a fast_a show_v more_o abstinence_n than_o other_o the_o apostle_n also_o institute_v that_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o solemn_a fast_o for_o three_o week_n before_o the_o nativity_n of_o our_o lord_n name_v christmas_n which_o constitution_n be_v a_o while_n keep_v universal_o but_o afterward_o it_o be_v resign_v to_o the_o monk_n and_o religious_a person_n calistus_n or_o as_o some_o think_v vrbanus_n do_v begin_v the_o embr_a day_n quarterly_a for_o the_o preservation_n and_o amplification_n of_o fruit_n ordain_v for_o the_o sustenance_n of_o man_n and_o beast_n albeit_o i_o rather_o take_v it_o to_o be_v a_o imitation_n of_o the_o old_a roman_a feast_n which_o thrice_o in_o the_o year_n have_v sacrifice_n for_o the_o prosperous_a success_n of_o their_o corn._n one_o vinalia_fw-la for_o their_o wine_n the_o other_o robigalia_n for_o all_o their_o grain_n lest_o it_o shall_v be_v mildew_a the_o three_o floralia_fw-la for_o all_o their_o fruit_n these_o vain_a superstition_n the_o old_a bishop_n of_o rome_n turn_v to_o a_o godly_a use_n religion_n and_o transport_v their_o feast_v into_o fast_v that_o they_o may_v the_o rather_o at_o the_o contemplation_n of_o our_o prayer_n and_o fast_v god_n may_v prosper_v the_o increase_n of_o all_o fruit_n to_o the_o sustentation_n of_o his_o creature_n chap._n iv._o ☞_o watch_n be_v turn_v into_o fast_n fast_v on_o friday_n and_o wednesday_n name_v the_o day_n of_o the_o week_n in_o sundry_a wise_a it_o be_v the_o manner_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o our_o christian_a faith_n that_o forasmuch_o as_o our_o saviour_n be_v bear_v in_o in_o the_o night_n priest_n do_v rise_v in_o the_o night_n season_n and_o sing_v the_o hour_n canonical_a otherwise_o name_v the_o matin_n and_o the_o lay_v people_n be_v accustom_v on_o those_o saint_n eve_n that_o be_v any_o solemn_a feast_n to_o watch_v at_o the_o tomb_n of_o martyr_n pray_v and_o sing_v holy_a psalm_n which_o thing_n the_o testimony_n of_o pliny_n do_v approve_v where_o he_o write_v in_o a_o epistle_n to_o trajane_n how_o much_o number_n of_o people_n be_v slay_v in_o who_o he_o can_v never_o espy_v any_o fault_n save_v that_o before_o day_n at_o certain_a time_n and_o feast_n they_o arise_v and_o sing_v the_o commendation_n of_o christ_n who_o they_o call_v god_n but_o as_o time_n be_v the_o corrupt_a of_o all_o worldly_a thing_n so_o devotion_n begin_v to_o abate_v and_o instead_o of_o hymn_n they_o sing_v dissolute_a ballad_n and_o prayer_n be_v turn_v into_o wanton_a dalliance_n the_o youth_n go_v about_o light_a amorous_a company_n the_o elder_a person_n practise_v bawdry_n woman_n be_v not_o ashamed_a to_o give_v themselves_o to_o be_v corrupt_v in_o all_o kind_n of_o whoredom_n upon_o this_o occasion_n the_o old_a father_n fear_v lest_o it_o shall_v grow_v to_o a_o further_a inconvenience_n turn_v the_o vigil_n into_o fast_v day_n notwithstanding_o the_o priest_n use_v their_o ordinary_a time_n of_o service_n as_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o do_v