Nor to be conformable thereto Rom. 12. 2. Ephes 3. 17. Gal. 1. 4. Ephes 2. 2. 58. To walk so with God in this world as endeavouring to be found blameless in holiness before God our Father at the appearing of Christ 1 Cor. 1. 8. Ephes 1. 4. 1 Thes 3. 13. 2 Pet. 3. 14. 59. To put on the Lord Jesus Christ and to walk in him Rom. 13. 14. Col. 2. 6. Gal. 3. 27. 60. To give up our bodies as well as our souls to serve the Lord Rom. 12. 1. 1 Cor. 6. 20. Dan. 3. 28. because the body shall be saved as well as the soul by Jesus Christ Rom. 8. 11 23. Phil. 3. 21. 61. To set our affections on and to seek things that are above Col. 3. 1 2. 62. Holy and heavenly Meditations Psal 19. 14. and 45. 1. and 104. 34. 63. To have the word of Christ to dwell richly in us Col. 3. 16. 64. To do all our works in the name of the Lord Jesus Col. 3. 17. 1 Thes 4. 2. 1 Cor. 5. 4. 65. No man to go beyond and defraud his brother 1 Thes 4. 6. 66. To owe no man any thing but to love one another Rom. 13. 8. 67. Not to be wise in our own conceits Rom. 12. 16. 11. 25. Prov. 3. 7. 26. 12. but rather to be fools in our own eyes 1 Cor. 3. 18 19. 68. To greet one another with a kiss of love 1 Cor. 16. 20. Rom. 16 16. 2 Cor. 13. 12. 1. Pet. 5. 14. that is with a holy and hearty manifestation of love being compared with 1 Thes 5. 26. where the Apostle doth greet them with a kiss of love though at a great distance from them For salutations see Rom. 16. 69. Brethren not to go to law one with another 1 Cor. 6. 1 6. 70. Not to feast the rich but the poor Luke 14. 12. 13. 71. To observe and take notice of that Act. 15. 29. 16. 4. 72. Not to be offended in Christ Luke 7. 23. 16. 25. 73. To obey magistrates for conscience sake as it is an ordinance of God as well as for fear of punishment Rom. 13. from 1 to 6. 1 Pet. 2. 13 14 15. 74. To lend freely not looking for the like curtesie again Luke 6. 34 35. 75. To be zealously affected for the Lord his name and truth Gal. 4. 18. Tit. 2. 14. Rev. 3. 19. Numb 25. 11 13. 76. To have a respect to the whole law of Christ and to persevere therein unto the end Psal 119. 6. Joh. 8. 31. Luke 1. 5 6. Luke 9. 62. Duties of the Saints as they stand related each to other in the Church and as a Church of Christ 1. Not to forsake the assembling of themselves together but to assemble as a Church and the members to assemble with the Church as often as they may Heb. 10. 24 25. 2. To exhort one another daily to love and good works Heb. 3. 13. and 10. 24. 2 Tim. 4. 2. Acts 14. 22. and 11. 23. 3. The time for publick worship being especially the first day of the week Job 20. 19. Acts 20. 7. 1 Cor. 16. 1 2 Acts 2. 1. and was the first day of the week for this see my discourse about the sabbath and it is the duty of Saints to keep every day and week a sabbath to the Lord. 4. To walke together in love as brethren and to endeavour the peace and prosperity of the Church 1 Pet. 2. 17. 3. 8. Heb. 13. 1. Rom. 12. 9 10. 1 Thes 5. 13. 2 Cor. 13. 11. Ephes 4. 3. 5. To have fellowship together in the Lords supper viz. in breaking of bread and prayer Mat. 26. 26 27 28. Luke 22. 19. 20. Acts 2. 42. 1 Cor. 11. 23 24 25 26. 10. 16 17. 6. Not to mix in worship with those that walk contrary to the truth 2 Cor. 6. 14. 17. 2 Tim. 3. 5. Rev. 18. 4. Hos 7. 8. Nehem. 9. 2 13. 30. 7. To receive the weak but not to doubtful disputation Rom. 14. 1. that is not to inforce upon them indifferent things that lye doubtful and disputable See Rom. 14. throughout and 15. 1 2 3. 1 Cor. 8. 13. 8. To condescend one to another in subjection and to seek rather to please one another in things lawfull then to please themselves 1 Pet. 5. 5. Rom. 15. 1 2 3. 1 Cor. 10. 33. 9. To marry with such as may be judged to fear the Lord 1 Cor. 7. 39. Gen. 6. 1 2. 10. To observe the rule of Christ in dealing with an offending brother Matth. 18. 15. 2 Thes 3. 6. 1 Cor. 5. 4 5. Tit. 3. 10. 11. To have a simpathising and fellow feeling with and in each others afflictions and comforts Rom. 12. 15 16. 1 Cor. 12. 25 26. 12. To look diligently least any root of bitterness spring up and defile many Heb. 12. 15 16. and to avoid those that occasion divisions contrary to the doctrine of Christ Rom. 16. 17. 13. To withdraw from disorderly members that repent not 2 Thes 3. 6 14. 14. To reject offenders such of which there is no recovery to repentance by the means left by Christ for that end 1 Cor. 5. 4. 5. 11. Tit. 3. 10. 15. The man to have his head uncovered and the woman covered in prophecying or praying viz. the face 1 Cor. 11. 4 5 c. 16. Self examinations as at all times so particularly when they come to the supper of the Lord 1 Cor. 11. 28. 2 Cor. 13. 5. Psal 26. 2. 17. To try the spirits whether they be of God or no by the doctrine delivered 1 Joh. 4. 1. compared with the Scriptures 1 Thes 5. 21. 2 Tim. 1. 13. Isay 8. 20. 18. To lay a part every first day of the week as God hath blest for the supply of poor Saints 1 Cor. 16. 1. 19. To look diligently that there be no want in the body but that the poor be comfortably supplied and upon that count to be free in communicating 20. Every member that is of capacity to be exercised in some lawful calling 2 Thes 3. 10 11 12. 21. To help other neighbour Churches as need requires and ability hath fitted for such a work Acts 11. 28 29 30. 1 Cor. 16. 1 2 3. 2 Cor. 1. 8. 22. To restore a fallen brother in the spirit of meekness Gal. 6. 1. 23. To be much in the publick work and duty of prasing God to his name which I understand taken in speaking of him and to his praise Ephes 5. 16. Col. 3. 16. with 1 Cor. 14. 15 16. which is for one to speak to the praise of God and the rest to joyn in and say Amen as in prayer For all to sing in meeter together is that for which there is no rule in law or Gospel In the old Testament singers were appointed particularly to that work 1 Cor. 9. 33. Ezra 2. 65. Nehem. 7. 67. The popish queristers singing came nearest to this but I judge the old
faith As God by it works faith so he supporteth and powerfully effecteth the work of salvation by the exercise imploying or working of the same faith for faith is of a working nature it worketh by love Gal. 5. 6. Therefore as it is your duty so let it be your work to live by faith and remember that word Heb. 3. 12. Take heed brethren lest there be in any of you an evil heart of unbelief in departing from the living God And that word Rom. 11. 20. Because of unbelief they were broken off thou standest by faith be not high minded but fear Remember thy duty as well as Gods Covenant and be faithful A second new Covenant duty is to live the life of love and that to God to his name to his word to his ordinances to his people and to all men enemies as well as friends this is the duty of the new Covenant And this faith and love where it is in truth worketh over the soul to a universal obedience to the whole will of Christ in the new covenant it saith Amen to eve y part thereof it dares not entertain thoughts of taking one part and leave another no that is carnal and too low for a new covenant spirited Christian It dares not change the ordinances of the everlasting covenant no nor trample the blood thereof underfoot But I forbear in this place because you will finde a more exact stating of the duties of the covenant in the end of this Treatise to which I refer you I shall close up the point in hand in answering two weighty Queries Q. 1. What should be the Causes or Reasons that God should adde a conditional ministry and several conditional Promises with positive duties to an absolute Covenant Answ 1. That therein he might hold forth as in the one the riches of his grace and absoluteness of his purpose concerning the salvation of his people so in the other he keeps up his authority as a father and the authority of Christ as our Lord and king That although the new covenant on Gods part be absolute yet had he not stated conditions on mans part his authority over his people must have fallen and they left without duty to God as a Father or to Christ as their Lord and King Joh. 5. 22 23. Mat. 7. 21. Luke 6. 46. Therefore it is conditional as to them that they might know their duty and have conscience of it And it is absolute on Gods part that so they might look to him and be comforted and live by faith in the stabillity and unchangeableness that is in the Father and the Son So that by this means the Saints are kept clear and conscientious of and to their duties in the covenant and comforted in looking up to the Lord from whence their strength comes 2 Because persons must be judged by the duties of the Covenant on mans part and condemned too for transgression of the conditions and duties of the covenant The absoluteness of Gods covenant shall not be the rule of judging Though that be the ground of all true happiness to the Saints yet the Saints themselves must be judged in the great day of the Lord and the conditions and duties of the Covenant shall be the rule by which they shall be judged See 2 Cor. 5. 10. Mat. 25. 34 35 36. we must not onely all appear before the judgement seat there to give an account but we must expect to give an account according to the things done in the body c. and the Lords own people many of them are like to have such an account to give as in which they may must suffer loss 1 Cor. 3. 12 13 14 15. and the eternal judgement of the wicked will be for the transgression of the rules conditions and duties of the covenant I mean such as have come under the sound of the doctrine of the covenant Mark 16. 15 16. Rom. 2. 7 8 9 10. So that by this means all the world shall stand guilty before God at that day Sutable to the preaching forth of the grace of the Gospel Whether in the works of creation and the daily good the world enjoys upon that account or the communications of God through the law or in the plain ministration of the Gospel And true believers shall then be acquitted and eternally pardoned by the grace of the covenant for then shall be the perfect and compleat administration of the grace of the covenant and in this manner and at this time it shall make the comers thereunto perfect Isay 33. 24. Heb. 8. 12. Then the inhabitant shall not say I am sick for the People that dwell therein shall be forgiven their iniquity 3 That the Saints being justified and eternally saved by the grace of the covenant might have the reward of the kingdom promised dispensed to them sutable to their faithfulness in the performance of the conditions and duties of the covenant for thus it shall be Let none through ignorance account it Popish but keep clear in this That justification and a state of salvation is clear by the blood of the covenant our interest and claimed by faith and hope which faith if true is the faith of the operation of God Col. 2. 12. That is of the work of God but the reward so much spoken of shall be given sutable to the work either active in doing or Passive in suffering else what means those Scriptures Luke 19 17 18 19. with 1 Tim. 6. 17 18 19. 2 Cor. 4. 17 18. and the condemnation of the wicked shall be given to them sutable to the nature of their sin against Christ c. Luke 12. 47 48. Thus hath God stated conditions and duties in an absolute covenant that his own name and honour as a Father and Christs authority as a head and Lord might be preserved that he might be just and righteous when he judgeth and condemneth Fourthly That the persons who through faith come to profess an interest in this covenant might be manifest by their performance of the duties of the covenant The truth of faith in Christ and love to him is manifest by obedience to him and the people that have no heart to the duties of the covenant may justly suspect themselves to have no share in the grace in that Covenant Joh. 14. 15. If you love me keep my commandements ver 24. He that loveth me not keepeth not my sayings c. 5 That believers might be kept humble and heedful Rom. 11. 20. Thou standest by faith be not high minded but fear Ver. 21. Take heed lest he spare not thee Heb. 4. 1. Let us therefore fear lest a promise being left us of entering into his rest any of you should seem to come short of it God would that his peoples confidence and watchfulness should go hand in hand till they are fully possest of the promised rest Psal 2. 11. Serve the Lord with fear rejoyce with trembling Saints must rejoyce and yet tremble
A DISCOURSE Of the true Gospel Blessedness IN THE NEW COVENANT OR The distinction of the two Covenants New and Old First and Second With the doing away of the first and the establishment of the second and likewise the Mediatorship of Christ in the New Covenant with some Principles Duties Promises and Priviledges of the New Covenant A useful companion for all Saints at all times Written by Tho. Collier Gen. 22. 18. And in thy seed shall all the nations of the earth be blessed Gal. 3. 29. And if ye be Christs then are ye Abrahams seed and heirs according to the promise 2 Cor. 1. 20. For all the promises of God in him are yea and in him Amen unto the glory of God LONDON Printed by H. Hills for the Author and are to be so 〈…〉 by Giles Calvert at the Black-spread-eagle at the west end of Pauls and Tho. Brewster at the sign of the Three Bibles in Pauls Church-yard 1659. The Preface To the Churches of Christ and to all that call on the name of the Lord in truth and sincerity in all places grace and peace be multiplyed through the knowledge of God our father and our Lord Jesus in the New Covenant of his Grace HOly brethren partakers of the heavenly calling whose hearts are Sion-ward how much doth it concern us in this our day to be much inquiring into and after the things that belong to our Peace and the peace of Sion e. i. of all the Churches of Christ my brethren to whom these may come I intend not to retain you long in this Preface but to minde you with some necessary things relating to the ensuing discourse that you may read it with the more profit and advantage to your souls I can say it was of weight upon my heart and now at last it is burst out I have been for sometime of late prevented having been fighting and contending with beasts after the manner of men e. i. men of beastly principles and spirits not at Ephesus but in England but now I do perceive their resolutions are to continue so and grow worse and worse deceiving being deceived 2 Tim. 3. 13. I am therefore turned from them according to the word of Christ Matth. 7. 6. as from dogs that trample all under feet and turn again and rent and tear and have been redeeming and improving time in winters cold for the bringing forth this small Treatise and probably it may and likely it must expect to meet with some judgings and contradictions from men it may be from some Saints at first sight before consideration but I trust that the heavenly hand hath been so made manifest in assisting and guiding the heart and hand in this work that it will pass the scorns censures and contradictions of this world without just cause of fear or shame My friends I can truly say I have aimed chiefly at the good of Saints believers not onely in but out of the Churches likewise for I doubt not but that there are many that are precious that are not yet come to walk in the way of the New Covenant e. i. in the order and ordinances thereof I desire the Reader to read with patience and suspend judging that so he may be kept from sinning in stead of profitting until he is passed through the work I have here presented you having nothing at present that I could think better with the Covenants First and Second with their distinctions and administrations the taking away of the first and establishing of the second with the Mediatorship of Christ in the New Covenant and many Principles of the faith and the Duties of the New Covenant particularly stated with the Promises and Priviledges in which is wrapt up the sum of the Gospel and marrow of Christianity My method in the stating and distinctions of the Covenants is first to prove the distinction and that they are two distinctly stating them and wherein they differ and after by it self I have endeavoured to answer such Queries and objections as are or may be made against the truth herein presented Therefore my desire is that the Reader would suspend judging till he come to the end and probably he may finde his objections answered and his scruples removed and as I can say that for Saints for Sions sake I have written it so my desire and prayer is that it may come to you in the blessing of the Lord that you would read and desire the Lord to help you to understand that you would take heed of your own wisdom and submit your selves to the wisdom that is from above see James 3. 14 15 16 17 18. I do judge the things contained in this discourse to be so necessary and useful for all Saints of all states and cises and of all Nations that it would be a meet companion at all times If you desire information in the Covenant of Gods grace in Christ the true life of Saints something you may finde of this nature here and likewise of Christ the Mediator of the New Covenant or if you would acquaint your selves with the Principles of the faith and the Duties and the great and precious Promises and Priviledges of the New Covenant something of light and direction may you find herein although much weakness and imperfection may appear in the writer in this great mystery for we know but in part and he acknowledgeth that he sees so much of wonder in this dispensation of grace in the New Covenant that he rather admires then expects to bring it forth in its own glory yet something is done though brief though short of the matter in every particular yet he hath made an Essay an entrance If God please to help any of his servants to make a further progress herein I shall rejoyce or help his people to imbrace and profit by this mite I have my desire and this is the prayer of him who is the Lord and his peoples in the service of the New Covenant Tho. Collier Of the Covenants A Discourse of the true Gospel blessedness in the New Covenant or the distinction of the two Covenants Text. HEB. 10. 9. The latter part of the Verse He taketh away the first that he may establish the second THe Apostle or Author of this Epistle mainly and chiefly treats of the excellency of Christ and the Gospel Covenant or ministration above that of the Law 1. Of the excellencie of Jesus a truth of very great concernment and as it is the duty so it should be the care of every Gospel Minister and Christian to keep up the dignity and excellency of Jesus Christ in his person work and offices I mean the true Messiah Jesus that was born of Mary the Virgin according to promise Matth. 1. 20 21. Luke 1. 31. and 2. 7. Isay 7. 14. Behold a Virgin shall conceive c. Who was and is truly the the Son of God and the Son of man Of the seed of David according to the flesh Rom. 1. 3
4. Acts 2. 30. made of a Woman and declared to be the Son of God with power by his resurrection from the dead I say it concerns us to know and have faith in this Jesus thus Promised and Born and Crucified and Raised and Ascended into Heaven who is at the right hand of God Angels and Principalities and Powers being made subject unto him A principle of truth it is being truly believed and lived in will preserve souls in life and truth and root out and vanquish the new Notions and imaginary fancies about Christ making Heaven and Christ and the right hand of God and all to be within them a bottomless fancy an imaginary Christ and salvation But to our work which is to exalt the true Christ whom God hath exalted and to honour him whom God the Father hath honoured John 5. 22 23. 2 Pet. 1. 16 17 18. In this Epistle our Apostle or Authour exalts Christ or rather discovers his exaltation by the father 1. Above Angels chap. 1 4. not onely above bad Angels but also good Angels 2. Above Moses chap. 3. 5 6. Moses a servant Christ a Son over his own house 3. Above the Priests or Priesthood under the Law chap. 5. and 7. and so consequently above the old Testament-Ministry and Ministration viz. in Authority Dignity and Excellency Hence he came to take away or put an end to that Ministry or Priesthood and Covenant which is the second special work of the Apostle in this Epistle and should be of all good men to exalt the New Covenant above the Old which is the truth declared in the Scripture read unto you viz. He taketh away the first that he may establish the second viz. The first or old Covenant or Testament that he might establish the second Now that it is the two Covenants that is here intended is clear for the word He and first and second are Relatives The word He relates to Christ chap. 9. v. 24. and 28. first and second relates to the first and second Covenants chap. 8. 6 7 8. called also the old and the new Covenants chap. 8. 13. So that the true sense and meaning of the words is this That God sent Jesus Christ and Jesus Christ came to take away the first the old Covenant that he might establish the second the new Covenant which we usually call the Covenant of grace because its the ministration of grace and all is grace from first to last in it So that the words afford us two lessons Doct. 1. That there is in Scripture held forth two Covenants the first and second or the old and new Covenant Doct. 2. That Jesus Christ hath taken away the first and established the second Covenant Or thus That it was the will of God that Jesus Christ should come to take away the first covenant and â—stablish the second 1. That there is in Scripture held forth two Covenants the first and second or the old and new c. And my beloved friends this is a truth of very great and special concernment for every Christian to be acquainted with the distinction of the Covenants â—hat there are two covenants is clearly evident old and new first and second Jer. 31. 31 32. Behold the dayes come saith the Lord that I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judâ—h not according to the covenant I made with their Fathers in the day I took them by the hand to bring them out of the Land of Egypt c. Mark you beloved it s a new covenant another covenant not such a covenant but a covenant distinct from that covenant where you have the first and and second the old and new in sense and substance So Heb. 8. 7. It s called the first and second for finding fault with the first he established the second where the Apostle makes application of Jer. 31. ver 8 9. For finding fault with them he saith Behold the dayes come saith the Lord that I will make a new covenant c. And vers 13 in that he saith a new he hath made the first old So that its a new covenant and not such a covenant a first and second a new covenant that hath made the first old And vers 6. the new covenant in opposition to the old is called A better covenant established upon better Promises But further Gal. 4. this truth is cleared by the Apostle in Sarah and Hager the free and Bond-women vers 22. which things are an allegory or these are the two covenants vers 24. And they are here held both to be two distinct covenants even as Hagar the Bond maid and Sarab the Free-woman were two And must be separated when the time was come so that the covenants of the Old and New Testament are not one as some imagine but two old and new first and second and that clearly to be distinguished and not confounded together no more then light and darkness The truth being thus cleared and proved by the Scritures of truth in my further proceeding I shall propose this method 1. To state the covenants as they are distinct both the old and new 2. Why they are called first and second old and â—â—w 3. To hold forth the difference between them 4. To answer such objections and queries as are or may be raised against or made concerning the truth in hand 5 The application To state the covenants as they are distinct both the old and new 1. Confirming the first or old covenant the quaere may be What we are to understand to be the first or old covenant In this I understand the Scripture to be clear that by the old covenant we understand the covenant that God made with the house of Israel when be brought them out of the Land of Egypt Jer. 31. 31 32. Where God promiseth to make a new covenant not such a covenant as he made with their Fathers when he took them by the hand to bring them out of the Land of Egypt So that the old covenant is that which God made with Israel when he brought them out of Egypt which was the covenant from Mount Sinai the Moral ceremonial and judicial Law The Moral Law being laid as the foundation of the whole for indeed that was the covenant in sum and substance the other was grounded on it the first table relating to God on which the ceremonial was built and was included the second to man on both which the judicial or political part of the Law was bottomed and so the whole indeed was moral in that ministration or Covenant And the moral Law viz. the ten commands or precepts are called the covenant answerable to Jer. 31. 31. in Deut. 5. 2. So that by the first covenant we are to understand the covenant or Law made with the children of Israel from Mount Sinai Exod. 19. and 20. chapters And this the Apostle clears Heb. 12. 18. We are not come to the mount that might not
own righteousness which is of the law But the righteousness of this covenant is the righteousness of Jesus Christ apprehended applied by faith even the righteousness that is of God by faith A blessed word to believers they stand to God not in their own righteousness but in the righteousness of Jesus Christ wrought for them revealed to and in them and applied The fourth difference between the two covenants is in the seed with whom the covenants were made and here lyeth a truth of very great concernment to distinguish between the distinct seeds of the covenants The seed with whom the old covenant was made were the natural seed of Abraham Viz. Such as came of Isaac the fleshly seed were the subjects of that covenant Take it first as made with Abraham in circumcision or after as it was inlarged from Mount Sinai it was given to the body of Israel to the fleshly seed and so it continued till Christ came Gen. 17. 7 8. But this new covenant is made with Christ and all the spiritual seed in him The new covenant knows no fleshly seed though old covenant spirited men are loath to know any other seed now then the fleshly seed yet account themselves instructed in the new covenant but the new covenant knowes no man after the flesh But if any man be in Christ he is a new creature old things are past away c. the new covenant knows none nor owns none to be the seed but such as are Christs If ye are Christs then are ye Arahams seed and heirs according to the Promise Gal. 3. 26. Be they Jew or Gentile there is no difference by nature all alike and by grace are the true seed of the covenant The elect obtains it and the rest are blinded Rom. 11. 7. Oh beloved it highly concerns every Christian to come to a right distinction in this matter the want whereof occasions the generality of the sons and daughters of men to content themselvs in the old nature under the covenant only the name of christian satisfieth or at best a little reformation old covenant zeal filled with pharisaical pride and self conceit of their own good estate making Christians by generation being strangers to the great new covenant work of regeneration and the birth from above I leave this with you my friends as an undoubted truth and true distinction between the covenants The one was with the fleshly seed the other with the spiritual even with Christ and in him with all the spiritual seed The fifth difference between the two covenants is in their Mediator that covenant had a mediator Gal. 3. 19. and that mediator was Moses he was the mediator of that covenant Deut. 5. 4 5. vers 4. The Lord our God made a covenant with us in Horeb vers 5. I stood between the Lord and you at that time See Exod. 19. But Jesus Christ is the mediator of this covenant Heb. 8. 6. But now hath he viz. Jesus Christ obtained a more excellent ministry by how much also he is the mediator of a better covenant A more excellent mediator a better covenant Sixthly The old and new covenants differ in their promises for they both had promises Hence it is that the Apostle speaking of the natural state of the Gentiles saith They were strangers to the covenants of promise Ephes 2. 12. Both had promises but distinct promises sutable to the nature of the covenants and the people with whom they were made Now the difference lay mainly in two things 1. In the matter promised 2. In the manner of the promise 1. In the matter the subject matter of the Old Testament promises consisted in outward things temporal worldly blessings so in circumcision Gen. 17. 8. I will give unto thee and to thy seed after thee the Land wherein thou art a stranger even all the Land of Canaan And Deut. 28. you may take a view of it at your leisure and clearly discern the promises and blessings of that covenant from vers 3. to vers 14. Blessed in the City and in the Field and in the fruit of the Body and of the Cattel c. so that they were all outward blessings So likewise Isa 1. 19. If you will be willing and obedient ye shall eat the good of the Land c. These and the like were the old Testament promises But the New Testament promises are of another nature not so much of outward blessings for God hath chosen the poor of this World rich in faith and heirs of the kingdom But they are spiritual and eternal blessings John 6. 40. This is the Will of him that sent me that every one that seeth the son and believeth on him may have everlasting life Luke 12. 32. Fear not little flock for it is your fathers good pleasure to give you the Kingdom Jam. 1. 12. The crown of life which God hath promised to them that love him Matth. 25. 34. Come ye blessed of my Father inherit the Kingdom and the like precious promises of the new covenant that relate to life and glory Hence it is that Gospel believers look not at the things which are seen but at the things which are not seen 2 Cor. 4. 18. 2. In the manner of the promises The first were conditional as hath been proved Exod. 19. 5 6. Now therefore if you will obey my voice indeed and keep my covenant then shall ye be a peculiar treasure unto me c. Deut. 28. 1. But the promises of the Gospel-covenant are absolute as hath also been proved The Dead shall bear the voice of the Son of God c. And I will be their God and they shall be my People and they shall not depart away from me c. Thus they differ very much in the promises in which respect the new covenant is said to be established vpon better promises Heb. 8. 6. The promises of the old covenant were on condition of performance but gave no power but the new covenant promises make partakers of the Divine nature 2 Peter 1. 4. 7. They differ in their ministry and priesthood the ministry and priesthood of the old covenant was the tribe of Levie In particular the Sons of Aaron were for the priesthood and the rest of the tribe were the Levites to do other service and to minister before the Lord Exod. 28. Numb 1. 50 51. and chap. 8. 15. 19. But the Minister and High-priest of the new covenant is Jesus Christ himself who differs from the ministry and priesthood of the old covenant or Testament not onely 1 in his person being much more excellent and that on several accounts Heb. 5. 5. But 2. He was made a Priest with an oath which the Levitical priests were not Heb. 7. 20 21. And in as much as not without an oath he was made Priest for these were made without an oath but this with an oath by him that said unto him The Lord sware and will not repent c. 3 Christ was made
a Priest for ever after the order of Melchizedeck Heb. 5. 6. and chap. 7. 21. but they of the Old Testament were not so Heb. 7. 8 23 24. And they truly were many Priests because they were not suffered to continue by reason of Death But this man because he continueth ever hath an unchangeable Priest-hood a great ground of consolation for the Lords poor people See vers 27 28. 4. Christ differs from the Old Testament Priesthood in his ability to save They were not able to save themselves or others But Jesus Christ the Minister of the new covenant is able to save all those to the uttermost that come unto God by him seeing he ever liveth to make intercession for them A great ground for encouragement of poor sinners to come to him and believe in him and likewise of consolation to those who already are truly come unto God by him A fifth difference was in the Sacrifice They offered Bulls and Goats Heb. 9. 12. But Jesus Christ offered up himself a Sacrifice for sin Oh precious High-priest to give himself a sacrifice for sin that not as these high priests did offer their Sacrifices first for their own sins and then for the sins of others But he that was without sin Holy Harmless Undefiled there was no guile found in him even he offered himself for sinners Heb. 7. 27. and 9. 12 13. 8. The difference between the old and new covenants is in the Tabernacle and Ordinances 1. They were Ministers to the Typical Tabernacle Temple and Altar but Jesus Christ is the Minister of the true Tabernacle and Temple Heb. 8. 1 2. We have such an High Priest who is sate down at the right hand of the Throne of the Majesty in the Heavens A mininister of the Sanctuary and true Tabernacle which God hath pitched and not men chap. 9. 24. For Christ is not entered into the Holy Places made with hands which are the figures of the true but into Heaven it self now to appear in the presence of God for us Note this friends That Jesus Christ the Minister of the New covenant and of the true Tabernacle is entred into Heaven it self now to appear in the presence of God for his People A blessed ground of comfort and encouragement to every truly gracious soul to come with boldness to the Throne of grace Jesus Christ is there for them A second difference is in the ordinances that covenant had ordinances also and a Sanctuary but comparatively they were but wordly carnal ordinances to the ordinances of the new covenant Heb. 9. 1. The first covenant had also ordinances of Divine service and a wordly Sanctuary Their ordinances made not the comers thereunto perfect vers 9. were but a figure for the time being and are called carnal ordinances imposed on them till the time of reformation vers 10. But the Ordinances of the New Testament are more spiritual sutable to the Minister and ministration and likewise because our Minister ministers by his Spirit in and through all which that ministry could not do 9. They differ in their ends The ends of the first covenants were 1. To make sin become exceeding sinfull Rom. 7. 13. and chap. 3. 20. 2. To stop every month and to make all guilty before God Rom. 3. 19. And so it became a Killing Covenant A ministration of Death and not of life 2 Cor. 3. 6 7. A covenant that could not give life for if that covenant could have given life then verily righteousness had been by it even by the Law Gal. 3. 21. But Gods end in the new covenant is to give life by it Hence it s called a covenant of life and peace Isa 54. 10. Mal. 2. 5. It was to recover poor lost sinners out of their perishing state and condition it was to make the comers thereunto perfect which the other could not do Heb. 10. 1. It was to justifie believers from all those things from which they could not be justified by the law of Moses Acts 13. 39. viz. The first covenant In a word the end of Gâ—â—â—n the new covenant was to save from the curse and condemnation of the old covenant without which there is no salvation Gal. 3. 13. Christ hath redeemed us from the curse of the Law being made a curse for us c. 10. And finally the difference between the old and new covenant is as much as is between the type the shadow and the substance it was but a shadow and representation of the new covenant a typical covenant from first to last Hence it is that they had types and resemblances of every thing in the Gospel covenant but they were but shadows but resemblances 1. They had a righteousness commanded which was a righteousness of doing which they could not attain a representation of the righteousness of Christ who was to fulfill all and so become the end of the law for Righteousness to every one that believeth Rom. 10. 4 5. Secondly they had an election and Son-ship but it was of the natural seed the new covenant is of the spiritual seed Rom. 9. 7. 8. Gal. 3. 26 29. Thirdly they had Priest Sacrifice Tabernacle and Temple but all Typical Fourthly They had promises likewise but Typical as well as conditional so that it is as evident as the sun that shines at noon to all whose eyes are open that the differences between the covenants are clear and very great And therefore it much concerns you not to mistake in this matter least you live under the old in stead of the new for the old will prove a covenant of death to those who live and die in it But there is no condemnation to them that are in Christ Jesus who walk not after the flesh but after the spirit Rom. 8. 1. viz. not after the law or old covenant but after the Gospel or new covenant which is called the ministration of the spirit 2 Cor. 3. 6 8. Objections answered Fourthly I come now to answer such Objections and Queries as are or may be raised against or made concerning the truth in hand Obj. 1. That the old and new covenants may be one and the same and are by many if not most taken so to be notwithstanding they are called Old and New First and Second because they differ in the manner of Ministration So that the difference lieth in the differing manner of administring and not in the covenants The Scripture speaking the same of the Commandments which may serve to clear those terms about the covenants John 13. 34. A new Commandment give I unto you c. And 1 Epist John 2. 7 8. Brethren I write no new Commandment unto you but an old Commandment which ye had from the beginning c. Again a new Commandment write I unto you c. The Commandment is old yet new and the same which they had from the beginning c. So may the Covenant likewise be taken Answ The covenants differ not onely in the
other makes void this is the first danger 2 It hath been an occasion of turning aside from Gods way in receiving members into the supposed Church of Christ Whereas Christs Rule is by faith and Baptism this hath brought in by natural birth and sprinkling and hath brought a generall odium and contempt upon Christs ordinance of dipping or baptizing believers in his name after the manifestation of faith and repentance a sin which many that arc otherwise precious have cause enough to repent of and bewail that their hand should be chief in such a trespass as this is 3. It hath been an instrumental means of deceiving millions of poor souls brought into the name of Christian on the old covenant account and so being deluded perish under the name of Christian without the Power Doubtless there will be a sad account for some one day for this very thing and its one among many of the greatest grounds of lamentation I know of this day in the world And as the Nominal Clergy have had and yet have the greatest hand in this trespass yet if God open their eyes to see into this great truth and their great miscariage herein certainly they will forbear their harsh censures for my plainness and zeal in this matter The Lord knows I do judge many among them in the main to be godly But it s my great grief and burden that godly men through mistake should have a hand in such a work as this is the Lord help them to lay it to heart in time In a word here lyeth the foundation of all mistakes Rightly to understand the covenant would rectifie all differences among all sorts of Professing people This is it hath brought in carnal seed carnal ministery carnal means of attaining to it and all to keep up carnal ends and interests Use 2. Of exhortation and oh that it might prevail to exhort and stirre you up to a more diligent search and enquirie into the covenants that you may be able to distinguish between law and Gospel For 1 Without the knowledge of the difference or at least some clear insight into the Gospel covenant you can never live clearly the life of faith but at best it will be with you as with the godly before Christ came a mixing of old and new together you can never be able ministers of the new covenant unless you are able to distinguish between new and old that so you may be ministers of the new 2 Without this you will never come clearly off the Babylonish apostacy Want of being cleared in this leaves you behinde at least in part come clear in this one truth and come away clear come to the clearness of the new covenant and keep in the carnal seed if you can and the sprinkling of Infants and the carnal ministry and maintenance I mean out of Christs way that he hath appointed come to the new covenant and be a free willer if thou canst nay or a Quaker either I say again its such a truth and of such concernment that it behooves you as you love God your own souls would be delivered from errour live to God here give up your account with joy in the day of accounts I say it behooves you to be deeply and diligently enquiring into the knowledge of the new covenant I do not intend that there is such a necessity for every believer to be able to give so exact an account of the difference but that it concerns every believer to know that they are two and distinct and to be inquiring into the new covenant as much as may be and let men of learning and natural parts take heed how they do endeavour any longer to darken this truth Object Some may object and say If the covenant be of such power as you speak of as to effect what it commands whence then comes it that godly people should be ignorant of it and what need is there so earnestly to exhort to the enquiring into it Answ The covenant is free and full of power and effects what it requires it is so in the first work of grace and converting sinners 1 hence it is that the Lord saith Isay 65. 1. I am sought of them that asked not for me I am found of them that sought me not c. and Joh. 5. 25. The dead shall hear the voice of the son of God and they that hear shall live Yet after God in the new Covenant hath communicated life to dead souls he expects that they should know from whence their life comes and seek him and wait upon him in the way that he hath appointed diligently enquiring after his will that they may know it and do it Ezek. 36. God having in the former part of the chapter promised what great and good things he would do for his People according to the new covenant yet ver 37. Thus saith the Lord God I will yet for this be enquired of by the house of Israel to do it for them And Prov. 2. 3 4 5. If thou criest after knowledge and liftest up thy voice for understanding if thou seekest her as silver and searchest for her as for hid treasure then shalt thou understand the fear of the Lord and finde the knowledge of God Seeking is a great and special duty of Saints in the new covenant and God will be found in this way of seeking and doing his will yet notwithstanding the ignorance and miscariage of the Lords people those that are in the new covenant indeed shall not destroy and damne them yet it may bring them under judgement and afflictions and will prove their loss in the great day of account 1 Cor. 11. 30 31 32. For if we would judge our selves we should not be judged but when we are judged we are chastened of the Lord that we should not be condemned with the world Chap. 3. 11 12 13 14 15. If any man build upon the true foundation Jesus Christ gold silver precious stones wood hay stubble if his work abide he shall receive a reward If any mans work shall be burnt he shall suffer loss but he himself shall be saved yet so as by fire So that notwithstanding the covenant is a sure covenant to those in it and full of power yet it requires diligence and seeking in Gods way and doing his will without which God may let his own people miscarry and in so doing they will be sure to suffer loss in the judgement although they may be saved I come now to the second lesson from the Text. The first truth being cleared that the Scripture doth present us with two covenants the second follows Doct. 2. That Jesus Christ hath taken away the first and hath established the second covenant And indeed it was the great design of God in sending Christ to effect the work the ending of the first covenant and the establishing of the second 1 That it is so viz. That Jesus Christ hath taken away the first and established the
these Promises are of three sorts 1 Of Acceptance 2 Of Assistance 3 Of Reward 1 Of acceptance in the work being well pleased with his people in their obedience to him on the account of grace received from him being made accepted in the beloved Ephes 1. 6. 1 Tim. 2. 3. Ezek. 20. 40. 41. Rom. 12. 1. 1 Pet. 2. 5. 2 Of assistance in the work When the Saints are faithful in their duty to the Lord he will be with them to assist them 1 in their active service in doing Isay 40. 29 31. with Phil 4. 13. Therefore let us commit the keeping of our souls to him in well doing as to a faithful creator 1 Pet. 4. 19. z in their passive service in suffering Isay 41. 10. 43. 2. 3 Of reward Promises of life and salvation thus we shall finde the Saints helpt along in all ages They had respect to the recompence of reward Heb. 11. 13. 14 16 26. and doubtless the Lord hath not promised it but to the end his people might be comforted in it and incouraged in their duties to him Luke 12. 32 33. 2 Cor. 5. 1 2. Although this be not the first moving cause of duty of God but conscience of the duty and the life and love we receive from him yet it is the duty of Christians to have this upon their hearts else they cannot glorifie God in the riches of his glory as well as his grace See Rev. 22. 12 13 14. The sixth and last I shall at present minde is affliction and judgement and this is clear God will afflict his people Heb. 12. from 5 to 10 verse and judge them too that they may not be condemned with the world 1 Cor. 11. 30 31 32. God dealeth with his children as a father if love will not do it then the rod must So dealeth the Lord with his children and that not onely here but in the great day of accounts they must be judged according to their works and it may be suffer blame shame and loss too at that great day of the Lord 1 Thess 3. 13. 2 Pet. 3. 14. 1 Cor. 3. 13 14 15. Therefore let the Lords people be exercising themselves in these things and they shall finde them to be of singular use to help them forward in their Christian race and to enlarge their hearts and strengthen their hands in the Lords work sutable to his will in the new covenant of his grace But I shall at present proceed no further in this matter but come to speak something more distinct to the Mediatorship of Jesus Christ who is the Mediator of the New Covenant A truth it is of great and special concernment for the Saints to be acquainted with that they may be exercising their faith therein and thereby be drawing such sutable consolation to their souls there from as God hath intended in it and as doth concern them to their comfortable walking with God Christ the Mediator Of The New Covenant Heb. 12. The beginning part of the 24. verse And to Jesus the Mediator of the New Covenant c. HAving gone through the stating and distinctions of the first and second covenants and the establishing of the second the new covenant and doing away the old I shall now come to treate more distinctly of the Mediatorship of the new covenant and the Scripture presented to you leads us clearly to the Mediator of the new covenant that is Jesus Christ To Jesus the Mediator of the new Covenant The apostle or author of this Epistle as his work is to exalt Christ and the new covenant above Angels and Moses and that of the old as hath been already mentioned So in this chapter especially from verse 18. to the end of the 24. he presents both the Hebrews to whom he wrote and us with the excellency of what believers are come to in the new covenant beyond what they were come to in the old and so the excellent state of believers in the new covenant above what it was in the old And this is stated in two particulars 1 Negatively what they are not come to from ver 18. to 22. wherein one great part of the blessing of the Gospel consists that we are not come to that which the people in the old covenant came to in that covenant to wit in the ministry thereof although that was glorious 2 Cor. 3. 7. 2 Affirmatively what they are come to ver 22 23 24. wherein another great part of the Gospel consists That we are come to that which the people of the old covenant came not to in that covenant even to that which exceeds in glory 2 Cor. 3. 8 9 10. of which that I have read to you is a part And to Jesus the Mediator of the New Covenant c. In which words are three truths or doctrines included 1. That Jesus is the mediator of the new covenant 2. That true believers are come to Jesus the mediator of the new covenant 3. That to be truly come to Jesus the Mediator of the new covenant is a high and glorious attainment far exceeding that of the old but because I desire brevity I shall gather up the sum of the whole in this one conclusion Doct. That true believers are come to Jesus the Mediator of the new covenant which is a high and glorious attainment far exceeding that of the old covenant This truth hath three parts in it 1. That Jesus is the Mediator of the new covenant 2. That believers are come to him as he is Mediator 3. That this is a high and glorious attainment c. Part. 1. That Jesus is the Mediator of the new covenant In the opening and handling of which I shall follow this method 1. Shew what a Mediator is or what the word Mediator signifies 2 To prove the truth of the doctrine that Jesus is the Mediator of the new covenant 3. The persons for whom he is a Mediator and the matter for what he mediates 4. The place where he mediates for them 5. The manner how he is in the performance of this work 6. The priviledges and advantage that come to Saints by the mediatorship of Christ 7. The reasons why the new covenant that is all grace and absolute must have Christ to be the Mediator of it 1. What a Mediator is The word Mediator signifieth a middle person or one between It s taken from an Umpire or middle person that is chosen between two at difference to make up the breach between them And this is it I understand Job intends in his complaint Job 9. 33. Neither is there any dayes-man or Umpire betwixt us that might lay his hands upon us both Under his affliction he saw the want of such a one between God and him and doubtless he relates to Christ being low in his faith in this matter under his pressing affliction But now Jesus Christ is the dayes-man the middle person that is come between God and his people which is the second
to him and rest upon him for salvation to come to him as to the Mediator of the New Covenant to come to him as your Lord and King to submit to him in all things To come to him so as to expect all good from God by him both in respect of grace and glory Thus are believers come to Jesus the Mediator of the New Covenant The third Part or Branch is that this is a high and glorious attainment To be come to Jesus Christ the Mediator of the New Covenant is a high and glorious attainment it is so However Satan hath prevailed over many poor souls of late to make them slight this heavenly attainment and to trample underfoot the man Christ Jesus and the blood of this Covenant yet know friends that you that are come to Jesus have attained to a high degree of favour with God Quest Wherein doth the heigth of this attainment appear Answ 1. It is high in comparison of what they came to in the old Testament and that is it which is particularly mentioned in this place We are not come to mount Sinai c. But to mount Sion to Jesus c. A more blessed Covenant a better Mediator a better Priesthood better Promises all is better in this day of grace in this covenant of Reformation 2 It s high being compared with the state of all others that are not come to Jesus They are low they must perish and be damned The mouth of the Lord hath spoken it But he that believeth on the name of Jesus Christ shall be saved There is no other name given under heaven among men whereby they must be saved but by the name of Jesus Acts 4. 12. 3 It is high in it self For first it hath given them â—n interest in and relation to a high God Who ever are come to Jesus they are come to God as a father and stand related to him as children They are come to great and precious priviledges and interested in great and precious Promises They are Come to the spirits of just men made perfect and to an innumerable company of Angels and to God the judge of all They are come to fellowship with the Father Son and Spirit to fellowship with Saints and Angels Here is the high attainment indeed of those that are come to Jesus 4 It is an high Attainment in that they are come into the way that will undoubtedly bring them to the kingdom to the everlasting life glory and blessedness promised in the covenant and mediated for by Jesus Christ This is the high attainment that all that are truly come to Jesus have attained Here is the standing and state of believers that are come to Jesus whatever the world thinks of them what ever Pharisees and Hypocrites think of them what ever the devil endeavours to perswade them to think of themselves yet they are come to Jesus c. Now I shall come to speak a few words in way of application to the whole and I shall have done Use 1. A word of trial whether you are indeed come to Jesus the Mediator of the new covenant As its a truth of very great concernment so it very much concerns you to take a view of your own souls and spiritual states whether you are come to Jesus yea or nay I know every one will be ready to say yea I am come to Jesus I make no question of that when the truth is there are but few in comparison that are truly and savingly come to him Quest How shall we know may some say whether we are come to him or no Answ Those that have come to Jesus have seen a need of him and a worth in him above all the world besides They have left all for him and do account their own righteousness as a filthy cloath as dung and dross all their own wisdom to be foolishness and their own strength to be but weakness they loath themselves in their own eyes in the sight and sence of their own vileness and they are made willing to have all in Christ and to follow him apart from all their vanities and beloved lusts through all difficulties they meet withal Oh! how few are there that are thus come to Jesus Christ It s true the world is come to him in their own fancies and imaginations but it is but a cheat and delusion They are ignorant of him and strangers to him and enemies in their minds by wicked works and indeed and truth will none of him They will steal murder and commit adultery c. and yet come and stand before God as if they were his rebell against him and trample his blood and ordinances under their feet and yet pretend themselves Christians This is the common state and cheat of most in the world Use 2. Of consolation to believers The comfort is they are come to Jesus The consolation lieth mainly in these two things 1. They are come to the Mediator of the new Covenant 2. They are come to a high and glorious attainment 1 They are come to the mediator of the new Covenant A ground of sound and assured comfort for all true believers Quest But some will say wherein lieth the consolation of this estate that we may improve it for our comfort Answ It lieth in many things but I shall at present mention these two 1. Assured acceptation with the Father 2. Assured application of pardon of sin and all that is good for them 1 Assured acceptation with the Father and that both in respect of Christ himself and of his people in him Here is a ground of comfort indeed for all that in truth come unto God by him They may come with boldness there is assured acceptance persons services in him accepted as hath been before proved onely let the saints now improve it and apply it for their comfort Your persons accepted though in your own eyes poor wretched creatures your Mediator he is pure and perfect a fit Mediator for such poor impure creatures as we are See Heb. 7. 26. For such an High-priest became us who is holy harmless undefiled separate from sinners and made higher then the heavens And here is the Christians comfort that their High-priest their Mediator is holy and he is accepted for them into heaven it self there to appear in the presence of God for them 2. Their Prayers granted and whatsoever their Mediator sees good shall be given them Be encouraged to believe this God will nay he must keep nothing back from his people that may be for their good for they have a faithfull tender powerfull prevalent and holy Mediator with the Father for them Quest Wherein lies the prevalency of Christs Mediatorship Answ Not onely in his near relation to the Saints and so his love and faithfulness to them but in the excellent worth of his blood that pleads prevailingly and must have no denial Ephes 5 2. and likewise his near relation to him to whom he mediates that is his Father He