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A06786 Consuetudo, vel lex mercatoria, or The ancient law-merchant Diuided into three parts: according to the essentiall parts of trafficke. Necessarie for all statesmen, iudges, magistrates, temporall and ciuile lawyers, mint-men, merchants, marriners, and all others negotiating in all places of the world. By Gerard Malynes merchant. Malynes, Gerard, fl. 1586-1641. 1622 (1622) STC 17222; ESTC S114044 480,269 516

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Vie●ius generalis Dei in Terris D. C. L. V. V. IIIIII which is the number of a man speaking of Antichrist in the dayes of the Emperour Domitian the tenth persecutor of the Christians and the twelfth Romane Emperour when the Latine tongue was most frequent although he did write in Greeke which number was 666 by significant letters Now as one is no Number but vnitas so there is but one God one World one Sunne one King of Bees Vnitas and leader amongst Cattell Number Two is the first ofspring of vnitie not composed but in societie vnited called the Number of Iustice wherin many things are obseruable The Two Tables of the Law Duclitas Two Cherubins vpon the Arke of Moses Two Testaments Two great Lights Two Natures in Christ Two Solstices Two Equinoctialls Two Poles and many other things The Number Three is called Holy and Tria sunt omnia Trias as the Philosopher faith which diuers also doe acknowledge to be of great efficacie in all things whereof Pithagoras Virgil Plini● Aristosle Trimegistus and others haue written copiously the glory of all belonging to the three persons in the God-head with the vertues of Faith Hope and Charitie 4. Quiuarias In the figure of Foure many things are to bee noted as the Foure Elements the Foure originall Windes the Foure Seasons of the yeare c. So of the Number Fiue being the Medium of Tenne which in Number figuratiue climeth no higher without doubling in Letters or Figures hauing this propertie D●narius that take nine from tenne there remaineth one take eight there remaineth two take seuen there remaineth three and sixe remaineth foure All which remainders added together make againe the Number Tenne whereof the Number Fiue is equidistant To speake of the fiue Senses fiue fingers and toes fiue sorts of creatures and other dependences would be tedious The Number Six is not void of the like applications but no number more vsed in holy Scripture as perfect and compleate than the Number Seuen Numerus mag●a persectionis virtutis called Sacred because God rested the Seuenth day and did blesse and hallow the same It was orda●ned in the Law that amongst the people of God euery Seuenth yeare should be held holy wherein the land should rest from labour and that libertie should be giuen vnto seruants and bee called a yeare of Rest vnto the Lord. And by the like reasons it was instit●ted Sabbathecall yeares that the Israelites should number vnto them seuen Sabbaths of yeares containing 49 yeares and immediatly in the beginning of the 50 yeare following Iubilee yeare the trumpet of a Iubilee should be blowne the 10 day of the Seuenth Month. The sacrifices for the most part were offered by Seuens the great feasts of Gods people lasted Seuen daies and they did eat Seuen dayes vnleauenned bread at the Passeouer Seuen weekes were reckoned betweene the Passeouer and Pentecost and most of the feasts were in the seuenth Moneth In a figure also did the Arke of Noah which was a figure of Christ rest vpon the Mountaines of Ararat in the seuenth Moneth likewise it is said Wisedome hath builded her house with seuen Pillars vnderstanding the Church with the gifts of the Spirit which are figured by Seuen burning Lamps and by Seuen grauen Candlestickes The Stone mentioned by Zachary which is Christ hath Seuen watching eyes of God and the Number Seuen so often vsed in the Reuelation of Iohn To say nothing of the Seuen Planets running their courses and amongst the fixed Starres the Seuen called Pleiades and other Seuen Hyades and the two Polar Images called Vrsa Maior vrsa Minor containe each seuen Starres and many other obseruations of the said Number Seuen may be noted Some obseruations there are of the Numbers Eight and Nine And for the Number Tenne notice is taken of the Tenne Commandements Tenne Curtaines in the Temple of Salomon Tenne Strings vpon the Harpe Tenne Musicall Instruments and diuers other particulars The Number Twelue hath very great vse and concordance in the Scripture the 12 Tribes of Israel whereof 12 Stones were placed in the Riuer Iordan and so many precious Stones vpon the brest-plate of Aaron so many Loaues offered so many Altars builded and so many Lions vnder the brazen Seas so many fountaines in Helim so many men sent into the land of Promise hereunto allude the Twelue Apostles Twelue thousand Nations marked Twelue Stars to crowne the Queene of Heauen Twelue Baskets of bread gathered Twelue Angels and so many gates and stones of the heauenly Ierusalem omitting to speak of the Twelue Signes of the Zodiake and many other particularities touching the coherence of this number Let vs note Indians account of Time and Number that some Indians and Heathen people at Guiana haue no diuision or account of Times and Number they onely reckon by the moones as one two three foure or fiue moneths or by dayes in like manner their numbers they reckon thus one two three and so to ten then ten and one ten and two and so forth And to shew their meaning more certainely they will demonstrate the same by their fingers still making signes as they speake and when they will reckon twentie they will hold downe both their hands to their feet shewing all their fingers and toes and as the number is greater so will they double the signe And when they appoint or promise any thing at a limited time they will deliuer a little bundle of stickes equall to the number of daies or moones that they appoint and will themselues keepe another bundle of the like number and to obserue their appointed time they will euerie day or moone take away a sticke and when they haue taken away all then they know that the time of their appointment is come and will accordingly performe their promise which may be a president to many Christians Thus much may suffice to haue noted concerning Number and the coherence thereof with Time Now whereas God by his diuine prouidence hath made all things subiect to Number Weight and Measure let vs in the next place intreat of weight and measures CHAP. IIII. Of WEIGHTS and MEASVRES vsed in all places of the world with other obseruations HAuing intreated of Time and Number The manner of Weights wherein and wherewith God doth gouerne all things according to his determinate will and pleasure Now in order let vs handle the description of Weights and Measures whereby all wordly things are disposed of which is most necessarie to be knowne to giue euerie man his owne and to buy and sell by according to which all contracts and agreements betweene man and man in the course of Trafficke and Trade for all commodities are made to distinguish Meum and Tuum by the Law and otherwise according to common consent of all Nations All WEIGHTS are diuided into three sorts FIrst by the great number that is to say by Hundreths
subiect to be numbered by Ages Yeares Moneths Daies Houres Minutes and their diuisions and subdiuisions wee cannot in this place omit to particularise concerning the same albeit it may be thought inconuenient to touch the obseruation of the period of Monarchies and Common-weales Periods of Monarchies Common-weales made by some Authors which by many important reasons may be amplified Some distribute the whole ages of the world into three parts ascribing to euerie age 2000 yeares which proc●edeth from that common opinion of Elias a certaine Rabbin or Iew affirming that the world should stand 6000 yeares and then be disolued of the which they reckon 2000 yeares before the Law 2000 yeares vnder the Law and 2000 yeares vnder Christ which shal be shortned for the elects sake which opinion hath beene receuied by diuers godly fathers supposing that as the world and all things therein was created in six daies So the same should endure 6000 yeares taking each thousand yeares for a day according to the saying of Saint Peter 1. Pet. 3. That one day before the Lord is as a thousand yeares and a thousand yeares as one day In this supputation is some reason for from the beginning to Abraham with whom the first couenant was made and to whom the law of circumcision was giuen wee find to be neere 2000 yeares Of the ages of the world and likewise vnder the law vntill Christ about 2000 yeares and now vnder Christ is aboue 1620 yeares reckoning towards the last 2000 yeares Augustin writing of these ages diuideth them into sixe and reckoneth the first age to be from Adam to Noah the second from Noath to Abraham the third from Abraham to Dauid the fourth from Dauid to the captiuitie of Babylon the fifth from the Captiuitie to Christ the sixt and last vnder the kingdome of Christ vntill the end of the world Others there be that doe distribute the same into foure according to the nature of foure kinds of mettals the Golden Siluer Brasse and Iron Ages alluding to the Prophecie of Daniel of the foure Monarchies Others doe account the same by thousands or millinaries according to certaine obseruations of 6000 yeares in the alterations of things Others doe calculate according to the ages of men supposing 100 yeares for an age and so now being 56 ages and more the number 60 or before the end of the world shall come But let vs obserue the true computation of the Church most generally approoued hitherto Computation of ages by Scripture and reckon from the Creation vntill Noah 1656 yeares when hee entred into the Arke and from the Floo● to Abraham 367 yeares and from the departing of the Israelites out of Egypt 430 yeares and from the departing to the building of the Temple by Salomon 430 yeares and from that time to the eleuenth yeare of King Zedekiah deduced by Scripture is 427 yeares So the whole summe of these yeares commeth iustly to 3360 yeares Hereunto 70 yeares being added of the captiuitie of Babylon is 3430 yeares which are 790 Sabbaticall yeares of seuen yeares euery Sabbaticall yeare without any odde number and from that time vntill Christ there is no momentarie difference by Historicall account whereof vnderstanding Merchants ought to bee informed all men take pleasure of this obseruation in their Almanacks From the Creation of the World A●no Dom● 1620. vntill the last yeare 5582. From the said Creation vntill the Flood 1656. From the said creation vntil the Birth of our Sauior Christ 3962. Since Brute did enter the Iland of Great Brittaine 2727. Since the building of the Temple by Salomon 2649. Since the building of the Citie of Rome 2371. Since the captiuity of Babylon 2258. Since Iulius Caesar was slaine 1669. Since the Birth of our Sauiour Christ vntill the last yeare 1620. Since the Conquest of England by Duke William 553. Since the beginning of the raigne of King Iames the first of that name of England vntill the 24 of March 1620 is 17 yeares compleate but currant 18. Concerning the yeare there are many obseruations Of the seueral beginnings of the yeare and euen of the seuerall beginnings of it And let vs note Obiter that the bodie the soule of man consisting in the bloud hath 365 veines as residences agreeable to so many dayes of the yeare All our Almanackes or Kalenders beginne the yeare from the first day of Ianuary albeit this beginning differeth in many other countries which is conuenient for Merchants to obserue The Astrologians begin at the entrance of the Sun in Arijs which is the 21 of March at 12 of the clocke at noone The old Romanes did begin their yeare ab Hieberno solstitio The Egyptians and old Iewes from the 21 of March with the Astrologians Those of Asia and India ab aquinoctio Autumnali being the 23 of September at 12 of the clocke at noone The Grecians of the longest day of the yeare The Venetians of the first of March The Spaniards from the Annuntiation of the Virgin Marie the 25 of March as England Scotland and Ireland The Portugals and the East-Indies Barbarie Preste-Iohn the 29. of August Moses by Gods commandement ab equinoctio verno which is Easter according to which Easter day Easter day was ordained vpon the full Moone being the foureteenth day of the first Moone after the Sunne entred into the signe of Aries which is also vsed in Aegypt Afterwards in the yeare of our Lord 328 the Councell of Nice did ordaine Easter day alwaies to be vpon the Sabbath day or Sunday next after the full Moone And the Bishop of Alexandria made thereupon a list according to the Circle or Golden number of the Moone beginning from the figure 1 vntill number 19 for that in 19 yeares the Moone maketh her compleate reuolution concurreth with the Sun And if the number did fall out vpon a Sunday then the Sunday after was Easter day The List appointed for Easter day according to this abstract which is now altered by ten daies vpon the alteration of the Kalender by Pope Gregorie the 13. Golden number● 1. The 5 of Aprill 2. The 25 of March 3. The 13 of Aprill 4. The 2 of Aprill 5. The 22 of March 6. The 10 of Aprill 7. The 30 of March 8. The 18 of Aprill 9. The 7 of Aprill 10. The 27 of March 11. The 15 of Aprill 12. The 4 of Aprill 13. The 24 of March 14. The 12 of Aprill 15. The 1 of Aprill 16. The 21 of March 17. The 9 of Aprill 18. The 29 of March 19. The 17 of Aprill Reuolution of the Sunne and Moone The yeare being exactly calculated according to the course of the Sunne or Reuolution in the Zodiake through all the twelue Signes consisteth of 365 daies 5 houres 49 minutes and 16 seconds And the reuolution of the Moone in her going course is 27 daies and about 8 houres and in her returning course about 29 daies and one halfe