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A20028 The defence of contraries Paradoxes against common opinion, debated in forme of declamations in place of publike censure: only to exercise yong wittes in difficult matters. Wherein is no offence to Gods honour, the estate of princes, or priuate mens honest actions: but pleasant recreation to beguile the iniquity of time. Translated out of French by A.M. one of the messengers of her Maiesties Chamber.; Paradoxes, ce sont propos contre la commune opinion. English. Selections Estienne, Charles, 1504-ca. 1564.; Munday, Anthony, 1553-1633.; Landi, Ortensio, ca. 1512-ca. 1553. Paradossi.; Duval, Jean-Baptiste, d. 1632, attributed name. 1593 (1593) STC 6467; ESTC S105222 52,873 110

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sought for in this world were to enuie one another who shoulde bee most liberall courteous and affable For this cause Dioclesian was praised esteemed among the wise men of his time when by his modestie he deigned to make refusall of the Romain Empire which then was farre greater and better prouided then euer it had beene before in imitation of whom many other great persons haue since beene moued to doe the like Such an one was the Vnckle to great king Charlemaine who became a Monke at Mont Cassin where hee liued the remainder of his yeares most holy and religiouslie drawing by his example to the like many Barons and great Lordes of the Realme of France Antiochus King of Syria being by the Romaines depriued and deposed from the iurisdiction which he had by the mountaine Taurus came and rendered sollemne thanks therefore to the Senate commending them because heereby he found himselfe well deliuered and disburdened of such a great weightie molestation Heracleus and Galerian in like manner eased discharged themselues from the superioritie rule they had ouer the people gaue their delight altogither to the pleasure of husbandrie And why hath not the like minde continued since then in the harts of our Noble men to this instant What mean our wise men that they disswade not the fansies of great Lordes from this endlesse heate and desire of rule which bringeth nothing else therewith but an ouer-feruent and ambitious will That it is so looke where such couetous and ambitious men beare sway there is slender iustice the rich eate the poore and the Nobles out-rage the Peasants The Inhabitants of the Isle Taprobane hadde in mine opinion a very worthye and commendable custome when they vsed to elect for their Prince and Gouernour such an one among them whom they had knowne and had proofe of a long time to bee a true desirer of the profit of their weale publique and him likewise by right and semblable order they would againe deiect and depose if by any meanes he swerued or changed from his right course I haue heard that they of Dace and Bohemia went very neere this custome but it came to passe that since those times they coulde not make choise of any better I could wish that such as deserue the gouernement of Signiories and common weales shoulde be drawne and compelled thereto as it were perforce and by the same meanes the gate to be barred against couetousnesse greedinesse ambition violence and deceipt But what makes me speake thus Marie because I haue knowne in Italie certaine Lordes gouernors of the people to lead their liues after a very strange course or manner bearing capitall hatred to their poore subiects Lords that haue had no other care but heere and there licentiouslie to reuell and dishonour the very honestest maidens in their iurisdiction drawing them violentlie by meanes of certaine ruffians which they entertaine as hounds onely for this vile purpose forth of the best houses in their townes and Cittyes Poore blinde men destitute of naturall sense is this the manner your elders taught ye whereby to rule and guide your subiects Was it thus that the good Lordes of times past the vertuous Princes as well Ecclesiasticall as secular whom Homer woulde so honourably call pastors of the people were wont to doe This so beast-like and dishonest custome doth it any iote sauour of true Christianity They are no pastors that commit such insolencies they are rauening wolues and destroyers of all humane societie Some are to be found in Italie and else-where to whom is publikely giuen this faire report that they dilligently enquire after their people not to chastise or reforme their vices and bad behauior but contrariwise to enquire secretlie who amongest them hath the best pursse and after knowledge thereof seeke some couerture to make them lose their goods subborning false witnesses against them who without any reason shal enforme false plaints or quarrels against them or else by greeuous iniuries and outrages prouoke them to vndertake Armes where likwise false villaines appointed for the nonce taking some intended cause of offence presently informe or complaine against them and hauing seazed on their bodies afterward by these means their riches comes into the Lordes hand who vnder coulour of iustice causeth them to be condemned by Iudges in greeuous paines and amercements so getting subtillie yet with some colour of excuse their goods by way of confiscation Crueltie well beseeming a Tragedie and which since the creation of the world was neuer the like heard of A Baron of Lombardie one day made this brag as for a great proofe and example of his singular vertue prowesse that not long before he had gotten the spoile of one of his mightiest subiects emptiyng his Garners seazing on his goods perforce proceeding euen to the imprisonment of his body The matter obiected against him by forged witnesses at the Lordes appointment was that he had runne the Hare and flowne the Partridge vpon his land albeit the poore honest Gentleman was more readie to chase a good piece of Beefe then Hares and had neuer run farre of neere after strange beastes or birds Yet notwithstanding this good deed the honest minded Baron which matter most of all displeaseth me would make profession of sanctitie religion and deuotion Lord God that thy patience is thus great nor is it without great reason that thou art called full of patience and longanimitie seeing that so sweetly thou endurest the dealings of these so cruel and insupportable monsters brought forth borne on the earth only to consume and deuoure thy poore people Assure ye that I haue seene in the kingdome of Naples many monsters of this fashion and nature hauing harts like Lions and nailes like Griffons to whome nothing seemed impossible concerning inhumanity and impietie And with these few examples I am constrained to content my selfe without spending time to bring ye other proofes for defence of this present occasion because the greefe I both find and feele in rehearsing these enormities driueth me into ouer great affliction making my hart so weake and feeble as all the residue of my vitall powers want their helping vse Now in truth let vs thus reason a while What is he who will denie that such deedes and behauiour of life is not sufficient to prouoke the anger of God against vs And to cause that those Lordes through long space of time that they haue thus ruled held their places should in a moment be elsewhere transported Thinke ye if the very greatest Lordes aswel spirituall as temporall woulde at this daye doe their endeuour and employ themselues night and day as best beseemes them to well gouerne and admonish their people wee shoulde finde such a number of men to couet and reach after kingdomes and Signiories as now we doe and such as are so mal-contēt to be depriued of their great charges and vexations as now with greefe we may behold It is then in
minding such matters For the poore sicke man considering that he is weake and diseased will preserue himselfe very dilligentlie from al manner of excesse and liue more soberly then can the stiffest and strongest composed bodies These kind of men are such to whom oftentimes it happeneth thorow the ouer-much fiercenesse of their good disposition and strength that boldlie or carelesly they oppose themselues againste a thousand greefes perils and daungers vsing meates prohibited for the health of man taking the corrupted ayre in the euening or else without any need will wander into tempests raine snow winde stormes and thus aduenture themselues from morning to night And the worse is their successe thorowe the confidence which they repose in their bodies which they feeling to be strong and lustie feare not without any discretion to fight heere with one there to smite an other spoile outrage and commit a thousand euils Then what recompence haue they for al these They fall into the rightfull hande of Iustice who without any regard of valour strength dexteritie parents or riches makes them miserablie and shamefully to finish their daies before their expected time It is then great folly to desire strength and health of body so earnestlie seeing it is the cause of so many mishaps were it not onely but in regarde of the warres which we should neuer beholde so cruell or fierce but by the confidence that men suppose to be in their health and bodily strength wherewith great and wise Lordes vse to iest at each other and make as small account thereof as of balles running along the pent-house of a Tennis court For Teares Declamation 11. That it is better to weepe often then to laugh at any time NOt without great occasion is it that I must assuredlie by good right confesse the mourner to bee in better estate then the laugher seeing Salomon in his most holy Prouerbes hath lefte vs in writing that it is better to sleepe and repose in the house of sorrowe then in that of ioy and pleasure By laughter many soules haue beene seuered from their bodies to the infinite greefe of their good friends but by sadnesse not one only which I euer heard of at any time departed but well pleased Laughter hath euermore beene perticularlie proper to fooles mouthes or people without sence And it is not read in any one place of the holye Scripture that our blessed Sauiour euer laughed at any time but that he wept and sorrowed is to be found in sundry passages of the good and faithfull Euangelistes For this cause hath he promised eternall felicity to such as mourne and them that laugh he hath menaced with death To weepe is a signe of penitence and compunction whereto we are often inuited and exhorted by the voices of the holy Prophets but laughter hath beene the cause of mocking it selfe as the euident signe of ouermuch boldnes If we would make regard of the commodities ensuyng by teares howe many disdaines and howe many rages haue beene qualified by one little teare of the eie How manie poore louers haue they vnited and confirmed together that before liued not but in langour distresse How many storming hearts fierce and cruell one against another haue they brideled softened made gentle How many great and honest recompences haue beene obtained and measured by the waight of teares I am of this opinion that all the force and puissance of men assembled together cannot so soon winne or compasse what it would haue as one only teare can yea oftentimes it hath conqueringly obtained grace euen from obstinate and moste pittilesse persons For proofe heereof Heraclitus was alwaies more esteemed for his weeping then euer was Democritus for his laughing See how many thinges worthy of eternall memorie Crassus by this vertue accomplished purchasing the name of a scorner of vanities If we should need to produce the profit of teares often weeping Let vs consider that while our bodies are but young and tender they make them to grow and encrease Wherefore many Nursses in regard heereof are not very hastie to quiet their infantes when they lie criyng in the Cradle but by these meanes suffer them to dilate and stretch forth their members for so they come to the suddener growth And if proofes should faile me against laughter I would content my selfe with this only of good Hyppocrates who hath left written that the diseases which ensue by accident of laughter without any manifest cause are the most difficult to be healed Let vs then set laughing apart seeing it bringeth such offence to man and agreeth not with his honestie and grauitie beside we finde not at this daie among so many lamentable ruines where any place or oportunity for laughing indeed may be graunted or suffered And let vs conclude that laughter wrinkles and makes olde the face counterfeits the person makes the heart ake woundeth the lungs inwards of the bellie so that after long laughing many greefs doe follow whereof we neuer make doubt till wee feele them So that if laughter bee not refrained it makes the pallat of the mouth to fall the throte sore the voice hoarse and oft times shakes the body verie greeuously VVherfore very excellently said the wise man that the end of laughter was greefe and teares which ordinarilie endureth more space of time hath a longer taile behinde it than euer had mourning But the end of continuall teares after this mortall life is ioy and perpetual delectation which neuer hath ending and such as are promised by him who is onely truth it selfe For Dearth Declamation 12. That Scarsitie is better than aboundance ANy man of common sence and opinion will assure yee that for the ease and better estate of his person as also continuance of his pleasures aboundance or earthly goods ought well to be had in request But for one voluptuous man ye shall finde of this opinion I will furnish yee with an hundred of very singular spirit and perfect iudgement that liberally will maintaine the fertillitie and aboundance of goodes in this worlde is the mother and nursse of all euils enemie to all modesty and honestie and cheefe aduersarie to sobrietie The good Lady of Henault bemoned the great Dearth which the turbulence of the warres had caused and among other thinges she wept for the fertillitie of the former yeares past when as she called to minde what store of corne and wines she had and that before a weeke would be past both shee and all hir house shoulde scant tell where to gette foode or drinke once a day But the sober and frugal Solon-nist saith well to the contrarie that the lesse store of victuals are in a contrey the lesse is the insolence of the inhabitāts who in time of aboundance disdain the seruice of their superiors then hath a man greater paine to get a seruant how poore soeuer or bad disposed he be then a man of wisedome well skilde in good letters Moreouer what else