appointment of the day But why is this day now called the Lords day I answer euen therefore because it is the Lords day not changed by the Churches Constitution Meere as some seeme to hold except by the Churches authority they meane Christ and his Apostles nor descended to vs by Tradition as the Papists maintaine seeing the Scriptures Act. 20.7 1. Cor. 16.21 Apoc. 1.10 mention the name and celebration by the constant practise of the Apostles yea Christ himselfe as he rose on that day so did he vsually appeare on that day to his Apostles before his Ascension Christ therefore and his Apostles are our Authors of this change And the Church euer since hath constantly obserued it The Fathers teach yea the Papists themselues acknowledge this truth So Bellarmine de Cultu Sanct. l. 3. c. 11. saith Ius diuinum requirebat vt vnus dies Hebdomade dicaretur cultus diuino non autem conueniebat vt seruaretur Sabbathum itaque ab Apostolis in diem Dominicum versum est It was in the Primitiue Church called the Lords day the day of Bread and of Light because of the Sacraments of the Supper and Baptisme therein administred called Bread and Light And how it may be ascribed to Tradition Bellarmine the great Patron of Traditions sheweth out of Iustin Martyr who saith Christus haec illis Apostolis Discipulis tradidit Iustin in fine 2. Apolog He there also reporteth That they had their Ecclesiasticall Assemblies euery Lords day The Rhemists which ascribe it to Tradition in Annot. Matth. 15. acknowledge the institution thereof in Annot. 1. Cor. 16.2 Ignatius may be allowed Arbiter in this question of the Sabbath who thus writeth to the Magnesians Non Sabbatisemus Let vs not obserue the Sabbath after the Iewish manner as delighting in ease For he that worketh not let him not eate but let euery one of vs keepe the Sabbath spiritually not eating meat dressed the day before and walking set paces c. But let euery Christian celebrate the Lords day consecrated to the Lords resurrection as the Queene and Princesse of all dayes Now for the particular Commandement which was giuen him as an especiall proofe of his obedience in a thing otherwise not vnlawfull it was the forbidding him to eate of the fruit of the Tree of Knowledge For in the middest of the Garden GOD had planted two Trees which some call Sacraments and were by GODS Ordinance signes vnto him one of life if he obeyed the other of death by disobedience Not as the Iewes thought and Iulian scoffed That the Tree had power to giue sharpenesse of wit And although some thinke signes needlesse to so excellent a creature yet beeing mutable subiect to temptation and each way flexible to vertue or vice according as he vsed his naturall power of free-will I see not why they should deny GOD that libertie to impose or man that necessitie to need such monitories and as it were Sacramentall instructions For what might these Trees haue furthered him in carefulnesse if he had considered life and death not so much in these Trees as in his free-wil and obeying or disobeying his Creator These Trees in regard of their signification and euent are called the Tree of Life and the Tree of Knowledge of good and euill which was not euill or hurtfull in it selfe but was a visible rule whereby good and euill should be knowne and that by reason of the Commandement annexed which he might by this Precept see to be grounded in obeying or disobeying the authority of the Law-giuer An easie rule and yet too easily broken For when as God did hereby challenge his own Soueraignty by imposing so easie a fine which might haue forbidden all but one as contrariwise he allowed and fore-signified the danger that he might continue his goodnesse to man continuing in obedience yet did man herein shew his contempt in reiecting so easie a yoake and so light a burthen I will not reason whether these two Trees may properly be called Sacraments of which say some the one was but for the bodily life and better neuer to haue touched the other this we know that in eating of this he lost both bodily and spirituall life which the name and institution thereof forewarned and should haue preuented otherwise in eating of the other immortalitie had been sealed both in soule and body to him and his for euer Srange it seemeth that he should need no monitorie signes to preuent that which euen with these helps added he did not eschew CHAP. V. Of the Fall of Man and of Originall Sinne HItherto we haue beheld the Creation of the World and of our first Parents the liuely Images of the Creator and the Creature whom we haue somewhat leisurely viewed in a naked Maiesty delighting themselues in the enamelled walkes of their delightfull Garden The Riuers whereof ranne to present their best offices to their new Lords from which they were forced by the backer streames greedy of the sight and place which they could not hold The Trees stouped to behold them offering their shady mantle and varietie of fruits as their naturall tribute each creature in a silent gladnesse reioyced in them and they enioyed all mutuall comforts in the Creator the Creatures and in themselues A blessed Payre who enioyed all they desired whiles their desire was worth the enioying Lords of all and of more then all Content which might in all they saw see their Makers bounty and beyond all they could see might see themselues comprehended where they could not comprehend of that infinite Greatnesse and goodnesse which they could not but loue reuerence admire and adore This was then their Religion to acknowledge with thankefulnesse to be thankefull in obedience to obey with cherefulnesse the Author of all this good to the performance whereof they found no outward no inward impediment Sickenesse Perturbation and Death the deformed issue of Sinne not yet being entered into the World In this plight did Satan that old Serpent see disdaine and enuy them It was not enough for him and the deuillish crue of his damned associates for their late rebellion to be banished Heauen but the inferiour world must be filled with his venome working that malice on the Creatures here which he could not there so easily wrecke on their Creator And because Man was here GODS Deputy and Lieutenant as a petty God on the Earth hee chooseth him as the fittest subiect in whose ruine to despite his Maker To this end he vseth not a Lion-like force which then had been bootlesse but a Serpentine sleight vsing that subtill creature as the meetest instrument to his Labyrinthian proiects Whereas by inward temptation he could not so easily preuaile by insinuating himselfe into their minds he windes himselfe into this winding Beast disposing the Serpents tongue to speake to the Woman the weaker Vessell singled from her husband and by questioning doth first vndermine her The Woman
away and they dyed whence came that custome of saluting and praying well to men in neezing The strangling of Achitophel they also interpret of this neezing farewell The fourth dayes fast is for Women which are with childe or giue sucke but the Tuesday and Wednesday in likelyhood were not ordinarie as the other Sunday might not bee thus honoured being the Christian Sabbath and Friday was the preparatiue to their owne Those two dayes are generally halfe holy-dayes Assembling earely in their Synagogues besides their ordinarie prayers they annexe many other Among others they vse one Prayer called Vchurachum of miraculous effect as appeared in Vespatians time who committing three Ships full of Iewes without Oare or Mariner to the wide Seas which arriued in three seuerall regions Louanda Arlado Burdeli worke for Geographers Those which arriued in this last port by tyrannicall Edict of the King were to be tryed whether they were true Iewes as Hananias Misael and Azarias made proofe of their Religion Whereupon three dayes being required as they said Nebuchadnezzar had granted them wherein to betake themselues to fasting and prayer in this time of respite three deuout Iewes Ioseph Beniamin and Samuel inuened each of them a prayer which they ioyned into one and continued in praying the same three dayes at the end whereof they cast themselues into the fire and there continued till it was consumed Hence arose this ordinance euery Munday and Thursday to vse the same prayer which is this And hee is mercifull and pardoning sinne doth not destroy the sinner Hee often turneth his anger from vs and doth not kindle all his wrath Thou O my God suffer me not to want thy mercie let thy gentlenesse and truth keepe mee alwayes Helpe vs O God our God and gather vs from the Gentiles c. for their restitution as in other their prayers and destruction of their enemies the Christians After this they prostrate themselues on their faces as before with many other orisons to the like effect §. II. Of their Law-Lectures THeir solemne ceremonie of the Law-lecture followeth In all their Synagogues they haue the fiue bookes of Moses written in great letters on Parchments of Calues-skins sowed together in length which at both ends are fastened to pieces of wood by which the booke may be lifted and carried This booke is kept in an Arke or Chest set in some wall of the Synagogue Before the doores of the Arke is a hanging of Tapestrie more or lesse precious according to the qualitie of their Feasts and for the most part wrought with Bird-worke The booke is wrapped in a linnen-cloath wrought with Hebrew words without that is hanged about some other cloath of Linnen Silke Veluet or Gold to which is fastened a plate of Siluer by a chayne of Gold vpon the which is written The crowne of the Law or holinesse of the Lord Then goeth one about crying Who will buy Gelilah etzchaijm This is an office whereby they are authorized to handle those pieces of wood and to open the booke of the Law Hee which giueth most for it hath it the money is reserued for the poore The pieces of wood are called etzchaijm tree of life according to Salomon Wisedome is a tree of life to them that lay holde thereon When the chiefe Chanter hath taken out the booke and goeth with it into the Pulpit they all sing out of Num. 10.35 Arise O Lord and let thine enemies bee scattered and let them that hate thee flye before thee And out of Esay 2.3 Many people shall goe and say Come let vs ascend to the mount of the Lord to the house of the God of IACOB and hee shall teach vs his wayes and wee will walke in his pathes for the Law shall goe out of Sion and the Word of the Lord from Ierusalem When this Praecentor layeth the booke on his arme hee saith Magnifie the Lord with mee and let vs exalt his name together to which all the people answer Exalt yee the Lord our God and bow before his foot-stoole for it is holy exalt yee the Lord our God and bow to the mountaine of his holinesse for Iehouah our God is holy There vpon a Table couered with silke hee layeth downe the booke and he which hath bought the Office taketh from it the cloathes wherein it is wrapped Then these two call some one of the Congregation by his owne and his Fathers name who commeth foorth and kisseth the booke not on the bare Parchment for that were a sinne but on the cloathes which couer it and taking it by those pieces of wood saith aloud Praise the Lord c. Blessed bee thou O Lord who hast chosen vs before any other people and giuen vs thy Law Blessed bee thou O God the Law-giuer Then the Praecentor readeth a Chapter out of the booke and then hee which was called foorth with like kissing and blessing returneth Then another is called foorth and doth likewise After him another who had need bee of strong armes for hee lifteth vp and carrieth this booke that all may see it all crying This is the Law which Moses gaue to the Israelites This Office is called Hagbahah and is sold as the former The women meane-while contend amongst themselues in this Synagogue by some Lattice to haue a sight of the Law for the women haue a Synagogue apart seuered with Lattices so besides their pretence of modestie to fulfill the saying of Zacharie The family of Dauid shall mourne apart and their wiues apart c. If he which carrieth the booke should stumble or fall it were ominous and should portend much euill These two Officers fold vp the booke as before and then come all and kisse the same and then it is carried to his place with singing After this they end their Prayers as at other times saying Lord leade mee in thy righteousnesse because of mine enemies direct thy way before me And The Lord keepe my going out and comming in from henceforth for euer Which they also say when they goe foorth on a iourney or to worke §. III. Of the Iewish Sabbath THey prepare themselues to the obseruation of their Sabbath by diligent prouision on the Friday before night of the best meates well dressed especially the women prouide them good Cakes They honour the Sabbath with three bankets first on the Friday night when their Sabbath beginneth another on the Sabbath day at noone the third before sunne-set Eate yee it to day to day is the Sabbath of the Lord to day yee shall not find it Manna in the field do you not see To day thrice mentioned and therefore by Moses owne ordaining that Manna must so often bee eaten on the Sabbath The richest Iewes and most learned Rabbins disdaine not some or other office at chopping of hearbs kindling the fire or somewhat toward this preparation The Table remaineth couered all that night and day They wash and if need
of Berosus and other ancient Authors he sayth the Tyrians and Sydonians called him 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which the Greekes made Belus and so Mr. Selden also is of opinion that these names 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 differ onely according to the proprietie of the language and not indeed for the Grammarians obserue that the Chaldee words often lose that middle letter Elias in his Thesbi obserueth that Baal signifieth the act of generation which may well agree with those beastly Baal-rites before mentioned Baal is read in the foeminine gender Tob. 1.5 Rom. 11.4 In Photius is mentioned that the Phoenicians and Syrians called Saturne 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 EL and Bel and Bolathes Lilius Giraldus out of Seruius affirmeth that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in the Assyrian language signifieth the Sunne from whence the Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is deriued some attribute this to the Phoenician tongue in which Hal signifieth GOD. The Assyrians named Saturne and the Sunne Hel. The Indians called that Hercules which Tully de Nat. Deor. numbreth the first Belus But we find no end of these Labyrinths D. Willet in his Comment vpon Daniel hath these words The Chaldaeans had fiue Idols three gods and two goddesses Their first god was Bel a name contracted of Behel which commeth of Bahal which signifieth a Lord to whom was built that Temple before mentioned The second was the Sunne which they called Rach that is a King because he is chiefe among the Planets and the Persians call him Mithra as Iustinus Martyr sayth Dialog in Triphon The Priests of this Idoll were called Raciophantae Obseruers of the Sunne Their third god was Nego the Fire so called of the brightnesse this was carried about among them the Priests were called Ortophantae Their first goddesse was Shacha which was the Earth worshipped also of the Romans vnder the name of Tellus and Opis of the Syrians called Dorcetha In the honour of this goddesse they vsed to keepe a feast fiue dayes together in Babylon during which time the Masters were vnder the dominion of their seruants one of which was vsually set ouer the rest and royally clothed and was called Sogan that is great Prince our Lords of Mis-rule seeme to deriue their pedigree from hence This festiuall time was called Shache whereof Babylon was called Sheshach of keeping this Feast Ierem. 25.27 and 51.41 Their other goddesse was Mulitia which was Venus whose Priests were called Natitae or Natophantae But the chiefest of their Idols was Bel. Hee also interpreteth those words Dan. 1.4 Whom they might teach the learning and tongue of the Chaldaeans of Schooles wherein youth was brought vp in good letters to bee after employed in the State So among the Egyptians they had the like vse where Moses was taught the learning of the Egyptians Among the Israelites eight and fortie Cities were appointed for the Leuites which were as the common Schooles and Vniuersities for the whole Kingdome Samuel and Elizeus had their Schooles and Colledges of Prophets yea the rude Indians had their Gymnosophistes and the Romans had their Colledges of Augures This Bel or Baal Idolatrie passed out of Asia into Europe euen as farre as these parts of Britaine For the Celtae and Britanni worshipped Abellio Belenus or Belinus as appeareth by inscriptions in Lipsius and Scaliger and our famous Antiquarie Mr Camden mentioneth an Altar in Cumberland inscribed Deo sancto Belatucadro And on the Coynes of Cunobelinus the Brittish King was stamped Apollo or Belenus which in heathen mysteries are the same with the Sunne playing on a Harpe and the name Cunobelinus makes euidently to our purpose Heliogabalus is another Syrian idolatrous title for the Sunne as appeareth by an inscription Soli Alagabalo for so also is that name written Neither is Gabalus from any other deriuation the name of the Romane Emperour Priest of that god whose name he vsurped deriued from the Hebrew Ahgol-Baal that is the Round or Circular Lord either in respect of the Sunnes Circular bodie and iourney or of that round stone which the Syrians conceited as the Troians of their Palladium and the Ephesians of their Diana to haue diuinely descended Such stones as Mr Selden in relation of those things obserueth were the Baetaelia or Betuli of the Ancients dedicated to diuers deities somewhat of fashion like fire round and sharpe vpwards the beginning of which Baetuli some deriue from Iacobs stone at Bethel In the seuenteenth Chapter of the second Booke of Kings is mentioned Succoth Benoth an Idoll of the Babylonians Beda interpreteth it the Tabernacles of Benoth and so the word Succoth vsed Amos 5.25 is by Saint Stephen Act. 7.43 interpreted And so doth the Glosse on that part of the Kings interprete where Lyra according to the signification of the words a Tabernacle of wings relateth out of Rab. Sal. that this Idoll was made like to a Hen brooding her chickens which Idols the Babylonians framed in worship of that constellation called by the vulgar the Hen and chickens and of the learned Pleiades as others did to the Sunne others to the Moone Some applie it to the mysterie of their Idoll which Christ the Trueth truly sayth of himselfe protecting his worshippers as a Hen her chickens My learned friend Mr Selden hath gathered by the signification of Succoth Benoth the Tabernacles of the daughters that thereby is meant the Temple of Venus Mylitta or Vrania where the daughters of the Babylonians sate as before is said to performe their filthie deuotions yea by an easie deduction hee deriueth the name of Venus from this Benoth B and u easily exchanged the moderne Iewes pronounce θ like σ Venos Suidas also calls her Binos And in Africa was a Citie called Sicca Venerea a name transported by the Punikes from this Siccuth or Succoth Benoth where was a Temple of like nature in which the women purchased their marriage-money by prostituting their bodies It seemeth the Idolatrous Priests carried the Tabernacle of their Idoll on their shoulder in apish imitation of the true Priests and Leuites for so Amos sayth Yee carried Succoth or Sicchuth your King Chiun your Images which Drusius interpreteth Moloch and Hercules In the fourteenth Chapter of Daniel as the Latines read is a large historie both of Bel a dead statue and of a liuing Dragon which the Babylonians worshipped The Priests of Bel were seuentie besides their wiues and children whose fraud and coozenage Daniel detected making it manifest by their foot-steps in the ashes which hee had strewed in the Temple that they were the deuourers of that huge portion of fortie sheepe twelue measures of meale and sixe great pots of wine daily consecrated for Bels breake-fast He after slew the Dragon also for which the Babylonians forced the King to lodge him sixe dayes among the Lions But howsoeuer generally more authoritie is to bee ascribed to the
Passeouer Pentecost or Whitsuntide the Feast of Tabernacles These were chiefe to which were added the Feast of Trumpets of Expiation and of the Great Congregation To these we may reckon the seuenth yeeres Sabbath and the yeere of Iubilee These Feasts GOD had prescribed to them commanding that in those three principall Feasts euery male as the Iewes interpreted it that were cleane and sound and from twenty yeeres of their age to fiftie should appeare there where the Tabernacle or Temple was with their offerings as one great Parish Deut. 16. hereby to retaine an vnitie in diuine worship and a greater solemnitie with increase of ioy and charitie being better confirmed in that Truth which they here saw to be the same which at home they had learned and also better strengthened against the errors of the Heathen and Idolatrous feasts of Diuels To these were after added vpon occasions by the Church of the Iewes their foure Feasts in memory of their calamities receiued from the Chaldeans their Feast of Lots of Dedication and others as shall follow in their order They began to celebrate their Feasts at Euen so Moses is commanded From Euen to Euen shall yee celebrate your Sabbath imitated in the Christian Euen-songs on holy Euens yet the Christian Sabbath is by some supposed to begin in the morning because Christ did rise at that time As for the causes of Feasts many they are and great That the time it selfe should in the reuolution thereof be a place of Argument to our dulnesse This is the day which the Lord hath made let vs reioyce and be glad in it And what else is a festiuall day but a witnesse of times light of truth life of memory mistresse of life A token of publike thankfulnesse for greatest benefits passed a spurre to the imitation of our Noble Ancestrie the Christian Worthies a visible word to the Ethnicke and ignorant which thus by what we doe may learne what we beleeue a visible heauen to the spirituall man that in festiuall ioyes doth as it were open the vayle and here fides is turned into a vides whiles in the best exercises of Grace he tasteth the first fruits of Glory and with his Te Deums and Halleluiahs begins that blessed Song of the Lamb whiles time it selfe puts on her festiuall attire and acting the passed admonish the present ages teacheth by example quickneth our Faith strengthneth hope inciteth charitie and in this glimpse and dawning is the day-starre to that Sunne of Eternitie when time shall be no longer but the Feast shall last for euerlasting These the true causes of festiuall Times CHAP. V. Of the Festiuall dayes instituted by God in the Law AS they were enioyned to offer a Lambe in the morning and another in the Euening euery day with other Prayers Prayses and Rites so had the SABBATH a double honour in that kinde and was wholly sequestred and sanctified to religious duties Which howsoeuer it was ceremoniall in regard of that seuenth day designed of the Rites therein prescribed of that rigid and strait obseruation exacted of the particular workes prohibited and of the deadly penaltie annexed yet are we to thinke that the Eternall Lord who hath all times in his hand had before this selected some time proper to his seruice which in the abrogation of Ceremonies Legall is in Morall and Christian duety to be obserued to the end of the World euen as from the beginning of the World he had sanctified the seuenth day to himselfe and in the Morall Law giuen not by Moses to the Iewes but by GOD himselfe as to all creotures is the remembrance of that sanctification vrged Friuolous are their reasons who would renue the Iewish Sabbath amongst Christians tying and tyring vs in a more then Iewish seruitude to obserue both the last and first dayes of the weeke as some haue preached and of the Aethiopian Churches is practised Neither can I subscribe to those who are so farre from paying two that they acknowledge not the debt of one vpon diuine right but onely in Ecclesiasticall courtesie and in regard of the Churches meere constitution and haue thereupon obtruded on many other dayes as Religious respects or more then on this which yet the Apostles entituled in name and practice The Lords day with the same spirit whereby they haue equalled traditions to the holy Scriptures Thus Cardinal Tolet alowes on the Lords day iourneying hunting working buying selling Fayres Fencing and other priuate and publike workes by him mentioned and saith a man is tyed to sanctifie the Sabbath but not to sanctifie it well a new kinde of distinction the one is in hearing Masse and ceasing from seruile workes the well-doing it in spirituall contemplations c. Another Cardinall is as fast as he is loose affirming That other holy daies also binde the Conscience euen in cases voide of contempt and scandall as being truely more holy then other daies and a part of diuine worship and not onely in respect of order and politie But to returne to our Iewish Sabbath Plutarch thought that the Sabbath was deriued of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which signifieth to keepe Reuell-rout as was vsed in their Bacchanals of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which is interpreted Bacchus or the sonne of Bacchus as Coelius Rhodiginus sheweth out of Amphithaeus and Mnaseas who is therefore of opinion That Plutarch thought the Iewes on their Sabbaths worshipped Bacchus because they did vse on that day to drinke somewhat more largely a Sabbatizing too much by too many Christians imitated which celebrate the same rather as a day of Bacchus then the Lords day Bacchus his Priests were called Sabbi of this their reuelling and misse-rule Such wide coniectures we finde in others whereas the Hebrewes call it Sabbath of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which signifieth To rest because of their vacation to Diuine Offices and not for idlenesse or worse imployments And for this cause all the festiuall solemnities in the Scripture are stiled with this generall title and appellation as times of rest from their wonted bodily seruices Likewise their seuenth yeere was Sabbathicall because of the rest from the labors of Tyllage In those feasts also which consisted of many daies solemnitie the first and last were Sabbaths in regard of the strictnesse of those daies rest Luke hath an obscure place which hath much troubled Interpreters with the difficulty thereof 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 our English reades it The second Sabbath after the first Isidore saith it was so called of the Pascha and Azyma comming together Chrysostome thinkes as Sigonius cytes him it was when the New-Moone fell on the Sabbath and made a double Festiuall Sigonius when they kept their Passeouer in the second Moneth Stella takes it for Manipulus frugum alledging Iosephus his Author Ambrose for the Sabbath next after the first day of the Easter Solemnitie Hospinian for the Octaues or last
that egge R. Papa answereth that he would neuer haue beleeued it but that hee saw it I hope they will pardon vs if wee be of the same minde But would you not faine heare of a man holding like proportion then let R. Saul tell you of his aduentures in the burying of a dead corps where hee encountred with a bone of a man into which there flew a Rauen and the Rabbi would needs follow after to see what became of her and so he went he went three leagues in the hollow of the same bone and could find no end therof and therfore returned so he perceiued it was one of the bones of Og the Giant whom Moses had slaine Perhaps you will maruell how Moses could atchieue such an exploit Forsooth you must vnderstand that Moses was ten cubits high and had an Axe ten cubits long and leaped other ten cubits in the ayre and so gaue the deadly blow to Og who it seemes was layde along in some deepe Trench or else you will thinke the Rabbine lyed Tush your incredulitie makes you vnworthy to heare their storie of R. Osua who beguiled the Angell of Death of whom when hee came to smite him hee would in kindnesse needs learne his future place in Paradise wherewith the deadly Angell was content and went with him yea for his securitie at his request resigned his deadly weapon into his hands Thus at last they came at Paradise where hee shewed him his place which he desirous to take better view of required his helpe to lift him higher and then with a quicke deliuerie leapt into Paradise Thus did the poore coozened Angell misse his prey and was glad with much a-doe to recouer his sword from the Rabbine And that you might see their skill no lesse in Cosmographie then Theologie Another was carryed to the place where Heauen and Earth meete and kisse each other where whiles hee might take the more diligent view in obseruing those parts which the Frier of Oxford neuer saw nor Faustus with his Mephostophilos hee hanged his Cloake on a window in Heauen and suddenly it was conueyed out of sight Hereat amazed that there should bee theeues in Heauen a voyce told him it was the heauens motion and at such an houre the next day he might attend and againe obtaine his Cloake which hee did accordingly But to take view of other strange creatures make roome I pray for another Rabbi with his Bird and a great deale of roome you will say is requisite Rabbi Kimchi on the 50. Psalme auerreth out of Rabbi Iehudah that Ziz is a bird so great that with spreading abroad his wings hee hideth the Sunne and darkneth all the world And to leape backe into the Talmud a certaine Rabbi sayling on the Sea saw a bird in the middle of the sea so high that the water reached but to her knees whereupon he wished his companions there to wash because it was shallow Doe it not saith a voyce from heauen for it is seuen yeeres space since a Hatchet by chance falling out of a mans hand in this place and alwaies descending is not yet come at the bottome I perceiue by your incredulous smiles you will scarce beleeue that a Lyon in the wood Ela roared suddenly that all the women in Rome foure hundred miles from thence for very horror proued abortiue and when he came an hundred miles neerer his terrible noyse shooke the teeth out of all the Romans heads and the Emperour himselfe that caused the Rabbi to obtaine of GOD by his prayer to make this triall of the Lion fell downe from his Throne halfe dead and with much importunity requested his helpe to cause him retire to his denne But this roaring hath al most marred our Feast §. III. Their Messias his Feast OVr Wine you haue heard of fetched out of Adams Celler Esay 27.2.3 and Psal. 75.9 Before the Feast Messias will cause these prety creatures Behemoth and Leuiathan to play together and make them sport but when they haue wearied themselues in the fight Messias with his sword shall kill them both Esa 27.1 Then followeth the Feast and afterwards his Marriage Kings Daughters shall bee among thine honourable women at thy right hand standeth the Queene in the golde of Ophir Amongst the Messias his excellent women Rabbi Kimchi expoundeth shall bee Kings Daughters for euery King shall repute it to his owne glory to bestow a daughter on the Messias But the true Queene shall bee one of the fairest Israelites daughters and shall continually conuerse with him whereas the others must come onely at call He shall thus beget children which shall raigne after him Esay 53.10 when he is dead Now the state of the Iewes in his time shall be such that the Christians shall freely build them houses and Cities and till their grounds and bestow on them their goods yea Princes shall serue them and they shall walke in faire garments Esa 60.10 11 12. and Esa 61.5 6. The ayre also shall be new and wholesome Esa 65.17 by the benefit whereof they shall abide sound and liue long and in their age bee as fresh as if they were yong Psal. 92.14.15 The Wheat once sowne shall alway grow vp of it selfe no otherwise then the Vines Hosea 14.8 And if any shall desire any raine for his field or garden or one hearb by it selfe he shall haue it Zach. 10.11 Then shall be peace among men and beasts Hos 2.19 Esa 11.7 If there arise any warre among the Gentiles the Messias shall accord them Esa 2.4 They shall liue in great felicitie full of the knowledge and praise of GOD The earth shall be full hereof c. The Talmud also speaketh of a thousand yeeres wherein the world shall be renewed somewhat like the opinion of some Ancients in the Primitiue Church in which time the iust shall haue wings giuen them like Eagles whereby they may flie ouer the face of the waters But the bodies of the iust which shall rise againe shall neuer returne to dust Ricius in this and many other of their absurdities seekes to giue an allegoricall interpretation but which of the Heathen haue not so patronized their superstitions and Idolatries as appeareth in the Poets Philosophers Chaldaean and Egyptian Priests whose mysticall learning cannot free their religions from being mysteries of iniquitie Sixe thousand yeeres the world endureth saith R. Katina and a thousand yeere shall be a desolation and GOD onely shall be exalted in that day for one thousand yeeres is one day of the Lord as it is written A thousand yeeres in thy sight are as yesterday and this is a Sabbath wherein shall be the feastings aboue mentioned And thus did Elias affirme as is said two thousand yeeres the world was emptie two thousand the Law and two thousand Messias but for the sins of men that is wanting which we see wanting This last clause Ricius saith is added by the Talmudists which
There are certaine creatures as bigge as Rammes and haue wings like Dragons with long tayles and chaps and diuers rowes of teeth and feede vpon raw flesh Their colour is blue and greene their skinne be-painted like scales and they haue but two feet These the Pagan Negros doe worship for gods and at this day many of them are kept for a miracle And because they are very rare the chiefe Lords doe curiously preserue them and suffer the people to worship them in regard of the profit which accrueth to them by the offerings which the people make vnto them Other creatures of these parts are mentioned in the first Chapter of the former Booke Peacocks are not common and are very deare their feathers being vsed for Royall Ensignes The King of Angola bringeth vp some in an inclosed wood and suffereth none to keepe them but himselfe To speake at large of the other fiue Prouinces would bee tedious to the Reader and Master Hartwell hath taught Lopez to speake English of whom such as are desirous may be further satisfied Ouer-against the I le Loanda where the shell-money is gathered is vpon the Continent the Towne of Saint Paul inhabited with Portugals and their wiues The Riuers of Congo are many Bengo Coanza Dande Lembe Ozone Loze Ambriz and the greatest of all Zaire all which haue some either affinitie in mutuall marriages of their streames or consanguinitie in the Fountaynes from whence they flow which are certayne Lakes one of which is Zembre the other Aquelunda In all these Riuers are common the rarities of Nilus the ouer-flowing of the waters Riuer-horses Crocodiles and such like Andrew Battell told mee of a huge Crocodile which was reported to haue eaten a whole Alibamba that is a companie of eight or nine slaues chayned together and at last payed for his greedinesse the chaine holding him slaue as before it had the Negroes and by his vndigestible nature deuouring the Deuourer remayning in the belly of him after he was found in testimonie of this victorie Hee hath seene them watch and take their prey haling a Gennet Man or other Creature into the waters A Souldier thus drawne in by a Crocodile in shallower waters with his knife wounded him in the belly and slue him In their Summer it rayneth not and then the places in their Winter the time of the Sunnes neerest presence attended with daily raynes couered with water doe grow thicke and matted with abundance of little trees herbes and plants which the fatned wombe of that moist soile conceiueth by the directer beames of the Sunne and the ouer-flowing waters in the Winter carry away as it were small Ilands lifting them vp together with the rootes and soile the young Trees and Deere standing and growing thereon carried captiue vnto Neptunes eternall prisons In Bengo and Coanza they are forced to set vp for a time houses vpon cratches their other houses being taken vp for the Riuers lodgings Zaire is of such force that no ship can get in against the Current but neere to the shore yea it preuailes against the Oceans saltnesse threescore and as some say fourescore miles within the Sea before his proud waues yeeld their full homage and receiue that salt temper in token of subiection Such is the haughtie spirit of that streame which ouer-running the low Countries as it passeth and swollen with conceit of daily Conquests and daily Supplies which in Armies of showres are by the clouds sent to his succour runnes now in a furious rage thinking euen to swallow the Ocean which before he neuer saw with his mouth wide gaping eight and twentie miles as Lopez affirmeth in the opening but meeting with a more Giant like enemie which lyes lurking vnder the cliffes to receiue his assault is presently swallowed in that wider wombe yet so as alwayes being conquered hee neuer giues ouer but in an eternall quarrell with deepe indented frownes in his angrie face foaming with disdayne and filling the ayre with noyse with fresh helpe supplies those forces which the Salt-Sea hath consumed In this Riuer is a fish called Ambize Angulo or Hog-fish that hath as it were two hands and a tayle like a target which eateth like a Porke and whereof they make Lard and hath not the sauour or taste of fish It feedeth on the grasse that groweth on the bankes of the Riuer and neuer goeth out it hath a mouth like the moozell of an Oxe there are of them that weigh fiue hundred pound a piece Obseruing where it feedes with weapons in their boats they hinder it from taking water and hauing taken it present it to the King it is vpon perill of life they smoke it as wee doe Bacon and reserue it for dainties About the yeere 1490. Iohn the second King of Portugall sent Consaluo di Sosa with three ships and Priests in them to bring the King and people of Congo to Christian Religion which was effected and although hence arose ciuill warres amongst them yet the matter was at last ended to the aduancement of the Christian Religion such as the Portugals taught and no doubt infinitely better then their Pagan superstition howsoeuer spotted with many Romish staines and from that time to this now an hundred and twentie yeeres hath Congo continued Christian vnder Iohn Alfonso Piedro and the rest of their Kings When the first Bishop of Saint Thomas went into Congo to take possession of his Pastorall charge there for the Kingdome of Congo was annexed to the Bishoprick of Saint Thomas from the Sea-side to the Citie which is an hundred and fiftie miles King Piedro caused the wayes to bee made smooth and trim and couered ouer with mats that the Bishop should not set his feet vpon any part of the ground not adorned all the wayes trees and higher places swarming with people offering Lambes Kids Chickins Partridges Venison Fish and other necessaries to testifie their zeale And at last arriuing at the Citie of Saint Sauiours before called Banza which signifieth a Court and is commonly attributed to all the chiefe Cities where the King of any of those Countries holdeth his residence hee was there receiued by the King and his Nobles and ordayned the Church there to bee the Cathedrall Church of his See which had belonging to it eight and twentie Canons with other Officers and Ornaments vsuall §. III. Of their Heathenish rites Also of their strange Trees and of the I le Loanda AFter Don Piedro succeeded Francisco and after him Diego who being dead his sonne and two other Competitors of the Kingdome were slaine and Henrico brother to Diego was made King and after his death Aluaro whom the Giacchi draue out of his Kingdome till King Sebastian sent Francisco di Geuea to expell them The greatest and most zealous Prince for Christian Religion was Alphonso who on paine of death forbade to all his subiects the hauing or worshipping of Idols which he commanded should be all brought and deliuered to the Lieutenants of
him children as they did to the Sunn These three Viracocha the Sunne and Thunder had a more especiall worship then the rest they put as it were a Gantlet or Gloue vpon their hands when they lifted them vp to worship them They worshipped the Earth in the name of Pachamama and esteemed her the Mother of all things the Sea also and called it Mamacocha and the Rain-bow which with two Snakes stretched out on each side were the Armes of the Inguas They attributed diuers offices to diuers Starres and those which needed their fauour worshipped them so the Shepheard sacrificed to a Starre by them called Vrcuhillay which they hold to be a sheepe of diuers colours and two other Starres called Catuchillay and Vrcuchillay which they fayned to bee an Ewe and a Lambe others worshipped a Starre which they name Machaeuay to which they attributed the power ouer Snakes and Serpents to keepe them from hurting them To another Starre called Chugninchinchey which is as much as Tigre they ascribed power ouer Beares Tigres and Lions They haue generally beleeued of all the Beasts in the earth there is one like vnto them in heauen which hath care of their procreation and encrease Many other Starres they worshipped too tedious to rehearse They worshipped also Riuers Fountaines the mouthes of Riuers entries of Mountaynes Rockes or great stones Hils and the tops of Mountaynes which they call Apachitas They worshipped all things in Nature which seemed to them remarkeable and different from the rest They shewed me it is Acostas speech in Cazamalca a Hill or Mount of Sand which was a chiefe Idoll or Guaca of the Ancients I demanded what Diuinitie they found in it they alledged the wonder it beeing a high Mount of Sand in the middest of the thicke Mountaynes of stone In the Citie de los Reyes for the melting of a Bell wee cut downe a great deformed Tree which for the greatnesse and Antiquitie thereof had beene their Guaca They attributed the like Diuinitie to any thing that was strange in this kind as Stones or the Roots Papas and Lallatrecas which they kissed and worshipped Beares also Lions Tigres and Snakes that they should not hurt them And such as their Gods be such are the things which they offer vnto them in their worship They haue vsed as they goe by the way to cast in the crosse wayes on the Hils and tops of Mountaynes olde shooes feathers and Coca chewed And when they had nothing else they cast a stone as an offering that they might passe freely and lustily hence it is that they find in the high wayes great heaps of stones offered and such other things They vsed the like ridiculous offering in pulling off their haires of the eye-browes to offer to the Sunne Hils Winds or any other thing which they feare They report of one of the Inguas that said he did not take the Sunne to be a God because he laboureth so much in his daily iourny In fine euery one worshipped what liked him best The Fishers worshipped a Sharke or some other Fish the Hunter a Lion Fox or other Beast with many Birds the Countriman the Water and Earth They beleeued that the Moone was Wife to the Sunne When they sweare they touch the Earth and looke vp to the Sunne Many of their Idols had Pastorall Staues and Mitres like B shops but the Indians could tell no reason thereof and when they saw the Spanish Bishops in their Pontificalibus they asked if they were Guacas of the Christians They worshipped also as before is said the dead bodies of the Inguas preseruing them with certaine Rosin so that they seemed aliue The body of Yupangui the Grandfather of Atabaliba was thus found hauing eyes made of a fine cloth of Gold so artificially set as they seemed naturall hauing lost no more haire then if he had died the same day and yet he had beene dead seuenty eight yeeres There also the Spaniards found his Seruants and Mamacomas which did seruice to his memory In some Prouince they worshipped the Image of a Bull in another of a Cocke and in other others In the Principall Temple of Pachicama they kept a shee Fox and worshipped it The Lord of Manta kept a great and rich Emerald as his Ancestors also before him had holden it in great veneration on some dayes it was brought forth in publike to be worshipped They which were sicke came in Pilgrimage to visit it and there offered their gifts which the Cacique and Ministers turned to their owne profit The Deuill in many places did appeare vnto them and he indeed was Author of all these Superstitions They haue a Tradition concerning the Creation that at the beginning of the World there came one from the North into their Countrey called Con which had no bones went very light and swift cast downe Mountaines lift vp the Hils only with his Will and Word He said he was the Sonne of the Sunne and filled the earth with men and women which they created giuing them fruits and bread and other things necessary for humane life But being offended with some he countermanded all that former good and turned the fruitfull Lands into barren Sands as they are now in the Plaines and tooke away the water that it should not raine hence it came that it raines not only leauing them the Riuers of pure compassion that they should maintayne themselues with labour Afterwards came another from the South called Pachicama the Sonne also of the Sunne and Moone who banished Con and turned his men into Cats Monkeyes Beares Lions Parrots and other Birds and created the Progenitors of the present Indians and taught them to husband the Earth and the Trees They againe to gratifie him turned him in their imaginations and superstitions vnto a God and named the Prouince foure leagues from Lima of his name He t continued till the Christians came to Peru He was their great Oracle and as some Indians affirme he still continueth in secret places with some of their old men and speaketh to them Of this Temple we shall after speake They hold opinion also that on a time it rained so exceedingly that it drowned all the lower Countries and all men saue a few which got into Caues vpon high Hils where they shut vp themselues close that no raine could get in there they had stored much prouision and liuing creatures And when they perceiued that it had done raining they sent forth two Dogges but they returning all myrie and foule they knew that the waters had not yet ceased after that they sent forth more Dogges which came backe againe dry then did they goe forth to people the Earth but were mightily afflicted with multitudes of great Serpents which had sprung vp out of those mirie Reliques of the Floud but at last they killed them They beleeue also that the World shall haue an end but before the same shall goe a great drought and the
pretended difformititie by Hils Dales Waters compared with the Diameter of this Globe is not so much as the inequalicie in an Apple or a carued Bowle or quilted Ball which yet we call round And this diuersitie serueth not onely for ornament but for more largenesse of Habitation varietie of Ayre and Earth and for pleasure and profit Thus doth this Globe swell out to our vse for which it enlargeth it selfe and seemeth large to vs being in respect of the Vniuerse lesse then little How much thereof is couered with waters How much not at all discouered How much desart desolate And now many millions are they which share the rest of this little among them And yet how many thousands glorie of the greatnesse of their possessions All this Globe is demonstrable to be but a point and in comparison nothing to that wide wide Canopie of Heauen a mans possession but a point and as nothing to the Earth a man of possessions but a point and in a manner nothing to his possessions and as Socrates said sometimes to Alcibiades few can shew their Lands in an vniuersall Map where a whole Region occupieth a small roome and yet how couetous how proud is dust and ashes of dust and earth not withstanding the little we haue while we liue and that lesse which shall haue and possesse vs in a Prison of three Cubits being dead Well did one compare this our grosser and drossier World to an Ant-hill and men the Inhabitants to so many Pismires in the varietie of their diuersified studies toyling and turmoyling themselues therein Scipio seemed ashamed of the Romane Empire as seeming but a point of the Earth which it selfe was but a point And yet how readie are many to sell Heauen for Earth That largenesse and continuance beyond all names of time and place for this momentany possession of almost nothing although they haue Hell and Deuill and all in the bargaine Let this morall obseruation entertaine our Reader perhaps tyred in these rigid Disputes and now let vs returne to the naturall disposition and constitution of this Globe in which the Earth was couered with varietie of Plants and Fruits which had beene before couered with slimy waters God commanded and the Waters which yet oppressed and by their effusion and confusion did tyrannize rather then orderly subdue and gouerne this inferiour myrie masse were partly receiued into competent channels and there also gathered on swelling heapes where though they menace a returne of the old Chaos both by their noyse and waues yet hath GOD stablished his Commandement vpon it and set barres and doores and said Hitherto shalt thou come and no further and here shall it stay thy proud waues Otherwise The Deepes which then couered it as a Garment would now stand aboue the Mountaines At his rebuke they flee who with fetters of sand to shew his power in weaknesse with a Miracle in Nature chaineth vp this inraged Tyrant that the Creatures might haue a meet place of Habitation Thus did not only the dry Land appeare but by the same hand was enriched with Herbes and Trees enabled in their mortall condition to remayne immortall in their kinde And here beginneth Moses to declare the Creation of compound bodies hitherto busied in the Elements THE FOVRTH DAYES WORKE NOw when ehe Lord had made both Plants Trees and Light without the influence yea before the being of the Sunne Moone or Starres he now framed those fiery Balls and glorious Lights whereby the Heauens are beautified the Ayre enlightned the Seas ruled and the Earth made fruitfull Thus he did the fourth day after those other things created lest some foolish Naturalist should binde his mightie hand in Natures bands seeing these Lights now become the chiefe Officers in Natures Court That shining before dispersed was vnited in these bodies whether by refraction of those former beames by these solid Globes or by gathering that fiery substance into them or by both or by other meanes I leaue to others coniectures Many are the Dreames of Philosophers some esteeming them Fire some Earth others Clouds and others Stones fired Heraclides and the Pythagoreans deemed each starre a World They are commonly holden Round simple lucide bodies the most compact and condensate parts of their Orbs or of that Aethereall Region of and in which they are bright flames not of this our fire which deuoureth and consumeth for the whole Ocean would not serue the Sunne alone for a Draught nor the Earth with all her store for a Breake-fast but quickning and nourishing Let vs a little consider of their Greatnesse Swiftnesse Number Influence For the first Ptolomey measured the Sunnes greatnesse 1663 8 times as much as the whole Terrestriall Globe Copernicus whom Scaliger calleth Alterum aeui nostri Ptolomeum 162. Tycho Brahe 140. The Moone is holden by Ptolomeus 39. times lesse then the Earth by Copernicus 43. by Tycho 42. Albategnius and Alfraganus haue added their opinions of the rest therefore diuiding them into sixe rankes or formes of differing magnitudes wherein as they somewhat differ from each other so much more from Tycho Brahe that Learned Dane whose costs and paines in this Science are admirable But Salomon wiser then they all had fore-told that the Heauens in height and the Earth in deepnesse and the Kings heart none can search out that is exactly and absolutely as appeareth in the differing opinions both of the Earths Circuit and Diameter and of the Altitude of the Heauens and consequently of the quantitie of the Starres which must presuppose the former They agree not in the order of the Planets nor how many Semi-diameters of the Earth the Heauen is eleuated which after Ptolomeys Hypotheses are 20000. after Tychos reckoning 14000. Hence it is that the quantitie and the swiftnesse is much more after the former then after this later opinion which doth better salue the incrediblenesse thereof then fayning a Giant-like labour as Ramus calleth it of the Earths continuall rolling The number of Starres some haue reckoned 1600. others 1022. and Tycho Brahe more The Iewes out of their Cabalists reckon 290160. Galileus his Glasse hath made them innumerable in descrying infinite numbers otherwise not visible to vs and especially the Galaxia full of them Yea God himselfe propounds it to Abraham whom Iosephus cals a great Astronomer as a thing impossible to number them It is his owne Royall Prerogatiue He counteth the number of the Starres and bringeth out their Armies by number and calleth them all by their names The end why GOD placed them in the Firmament Moses expresseth To separate the Day from the Night and to be for signes and for seasons and for dayes and for yeares and for lights in the Firmament of the Heauen to giue light vpon the Earth Their influence and effects are in Scripture mentioned neither can any iustly deny the same in the Elements
and Elementary bodies the Stoicall Fate the Chaldean Iewish and Arabian Fancies are now disclaymed euen by those Learned which maintayne in our dayes Iudiciall Astrologie or commend the same Neither can it agree with Christian Religion to subiect the will of Man to any externall naturall force nor with reason in matters contingent and casuall to make them naturall Arbiters nor will I easily beleeue that particular euents can be fore-told from generall causes especially in the affaires and fortunes of men Where the numbers substances faculties actions of these stars are weakly or not at al known vnto vs as hath beene shewed it is like as to say how many and what kind of Chickens a Hen will hatch when wee see not all nor scarce know any of the Egges vnder her The swiftnesse of the Heauens Wheele which euen in the moment of obseruing is past obseruing the vanitie of our Oracle-Almanacks which commonly speake doubtfully or falsely of the weather the infinitenesse almost of causes concurring which are diuersly qualified the weakenesse of those foundations on which this Art is grounded the force of hereditarie qualities descended from Parents of custome and education in forming mens manners the disagreements of the Astrologers among themselues the new from the old and all from the Truth as Experience in all ages hath shewed And lastly the prohibition of the same by Scripture Fathers Councels Lawes yea the learnedest of the Chaldeans and other Astronomers themselues as Eusebius reciteth of Bardanes and Rob. Moses ben Maimon hauing read all the Arabians workes hereof answereth the Iewish Astrologers are strong arguments against the Starre-gazers predictions But let Picus Mirandula his twelue Bookes against Astrologie and Ioseph Scaligers Preface before Manilius be well weighed of such as dote on or doubt of this Genethliacall ridiculous vanitie if not impious villany as those Authors and others prooue it not by the errors of some Chiefetaines and Champions onely but of the Arte it selfe and the whole Senate of Iewish Saracenical and Christian Astrologers together hatching a lye The signes and constellations which Astronomers obserue in and on each side the Zodiakes would be too prolixe in this discourse already tedious as likewise those alterations which some haue obserued in some starres But those two great Lights the two eyes of the Heauens the greater light to rule the day and the lesse to rule the night which is called great not so much for the quantitie wherein it is lesse then many starres as for the operation and seeming to the sense doe command mine eyes to take more speciall view of their beauties How willing could I be like Phaton to mount the Chariot of the Sunne which commeth forth as a Bridegroome out of his Chamber and reioyceth like a mightie man to runne his race King of Starres enthronized in the mids of the Planets heart of the World eye of the Heauens brightest gemme of this goodly Ring father of dayes yeeres seasons meteors Lord of light fountaine of heate which seeth all things and by whom all things see which lendeth light to the starres and life to the World high Steward of Natures Kingdome and liueliest visible Image of the liuing inuisible God And dazled with this greater light I would reflect mine eyes to that reflexion of this light in the sober siluer countenance of the silent Moone which whether it haue any natiue shining though weake as Zanchius and Bartholinus hold or whether it bee an aethereall earth with Mountaines and Vallies and other not elementary Elements compact of the dregs of the aethereal parts or whatsoeuer else reason fancie or phrensie haue imagined thereof is Queene of the Night attended with the continuall dances of twinckling starres Mother of Moneths Lady of Seas and moysture constant image of the Worlds inconstancie which it neuer seeth twice with the same face and truest modell of humane frailtie shining with a borrowed light and eclipsed with euery interposition of the earth But I am not Endymion nor so much in Lunaes fauour as to be lulled asleepe in her lap there to learne these mysteries of Nature and the secrets of that happy marriage between these celestial twinnes And it is high time for me to descend from these measures of time the lampes of the World and to behold the neerer works of GOD before our feet in the ayre and waters which GOD on the fift day created But the principall rarities to be obserued in these creatures we shall disperse in our scattered discourses through this Worke as occasion shall bee offered as likewise touching the beasts both Wilde and Tame and the creeping things created the sixth day Thus was the Ayre Water and Earth furnished with their proper inhabitants Sanctius his animal mentisque capacius altae Deerat adhuc quod dominari in caetera posset Natus homo est After he had thus prouided his cheere he sought him out a guest and hauing built and furnished his house his next care was for a fit Inhabitant Of this Moses addeth Furthermore God said Let Vs make Man But this will aske a longer discourse In the meane time wee haue this testimonie of Moses of the Creation of the World whose sense if I haue missed or misted in these many words I craue pardon And although this testimonie might suffice a Christian which must liue by faith and not by sight yet to preuent cauillers we haue other witnesses both of reason and authority That this World had a Beginning and that the Builder and Maker thereof was GOD. For doth not Nature both within and without vs in the admirable frame of this lesse or that greater World in the Notions of the one and the Motions of the other in the wise and mighty order and ordering of both lead men vnto a higher and more excellent Nature which of his goodnesse we call GOD When we behold the whole World or any part of it in the Elements such agreement in such disagreement in the Heauenly motions such constancie in such varietie in these compound bodies Being Liuing Sense Reason as diuers degrees diuersly communicated to so many formes and rankes of Creatures We can no more ascribe these things to chance than a Printers Case of Letters could by chance fall into the right Composition of the Bible which he Printeth or of Homers Iliads to vse Tullies similitude neither can any ascribe the Creation to the Creature with better reason then if by some shipwracke being cast on a desolate Iland and finding houses but seeing no people therein he could esteeme the Birds or Beasts all the Ilanders he seeth to be the framers of these buildings But thou mayest thinke it eternall Thou mayest as well thinke it to be GOD Infinite Vnchangeable in the whole and in all the parts Doth not the Land by seasons the Sea by ebbing and flowing the Aire by succeeding changes the Heauens by motions all
life which without such stay should haue beene immortall the vse whereof was after granted rather to supply necessitie when the Floud had weakened the Earth then to minister a greater abundance then before it had and least of all to satisfie the greedie and curious appetites of more then beastly men Liberall and bountifull was GODS allowance which yet as man abused in eating the forbidden fruit so whether any sinfull man did transgresse by eating the flesh of beasts as iniquity increased it is vncertaine And yet it is likely that when the Earth was filled with crueltie as men escaped not beastly butcherie so beasts escaped not butcherly inhumanitie and men that stay not now for commission to eate mans flesh would then much lesse aske leaue to feed on beasts Then did the godly Patriarchs liue many hundred yeares without such food whereas now we reach not to one with this helpe that I speake not of those which by abuse hereof are as cruell to themselues in shortning their dayes by surfets as to the Creatures making their bellies to become Warrens Fish-pooles Shambles and what not saue what they should bee Had not Man beene Deuillish in sinning hee had not beene beastly in feeding nay the beasts had abhorred that which now they practise both against their Lord and their fellow-seruants The Wolfe should haue dwelt with the Lambe the Leopard should haue lyon with the Kid and the Calfe and the Lyon and the fat Beast together and a little Childe might leade them And this in the time of the Floud appeared when all of them kept the peace with each other and dutifull allegeance to their Prince in that great Family and little moueable World Noahs Arke The place of Adams dwelling is expressed by MOSES And the Lord GOD planted a Garden East-ward in Eden and there he put the man whom hee had made Genes 2.8 Maruell it is to see the confusion which sinne bringeth which appeareth not onely in the bodie soule dyet and other Prerogatiues of our first Parents but in this place also then a place of pleasure a Paradise and Garden of delights after a place prohibited and kept by the blade of a Sword shaken now the place cannot bee found in Earth but is become a common place in mens braines to macerate and vexe them in the curious search hereof Some doe conuert this History into an Allegory as did the Manichees and the Originists confuted by Methodius as Epiphanius witnesseth Hierome in Dan. 10. saith that seeking for shadowes in the truth they ouer-turne the Truth it selfe Vmbras imagines in veritate quaerentes ipsam conantur euertere veritatem vt flumina arbores Paradisum putent Allegoriae legibus se debere subruere Such Mysticall Mist-all and Misse-all Interpreters are our Familists in these times by vnseasonable and vnreasonable Allegories raysing mysts ouer the Scripture-sense which thereby they misse and cannot find Augustine relateth three opinions that Allegoricall which he confuteth the literall and that which followeth both the one and the other as himselfe doth The Hermians and Seleucians are said to denie that there was any such place and the naked Adamites accounted their Church to be Paradise Others are as prodigall ascribe hereunto all the Earth which was a Paradise till sinne brought in a Curse Thus holdeth Wolfgangus Wissenburg Goropius also Vadianus are of like minde That mans exile was but the alteration of their happy cōdition that the fiery sword was the fiery Zone A great while it went for currant that it was a pleasant Region by a long tract of Sea and Land separated from our habitable World and lifted vp to the Circle of the Moone whereby it was out of the reach of Noahs floud as truly perhaps as Patricius and others haue found another World in the Moone with men and beasts therein of greater stature and longer life then here with vs Thus hath Petrus Comestor and Strabus and many Trauellers in old times haue trauelled with this conceit of their Fooles Paradise and brought forth a lie as appeareth by their Legends That Saint Brandon sayled thither from Ireland is as true as that he met Iudas in the way released from his paines as he was alway from Saturday to Sunday Euen-song or that they made fire on a fish supposing it to bee an Iland as that Legend telleth It should seeme the Man in the Moone called him and shewed him the way to this Paradise or that Dinias which according to the Relations of Antonius Diogenes trauelling beyond Thule went so farre North that hee came to the Moone which seemed a shining Earth where he saw many strange sights as credible as the former or else great Lucifer himselfe who as a later Traueller reporteth hath lately bequeathed a Lieutenancie to Ignatius and his Colony of Iesuites in the New Hell in that New-found-World of the Moone the care of the foundation whereof he committeth to that Iebusiticall societie But let vs descend from this Lunaticke Paradise Others place it Eastward in the highest top of the Earth where the foure Riuers mentioned by Moses haue their originall whence they runne and are swallowed vp of the Earth and after rising in diuers places of the World are knowne by the names of Nilus Ganges Tigris Euphrates Hugo de S. Victore and Adrichomius are of this opinion yea the great Cardinall Caretane and Bellarmine place Henoch and Elias in Earthly Paradise yet liuing there vntill the time of Antichrist which wood he cannot see beeing in the middest of it for Trees But the discouery of the World by Trauellers 〈◊〉 description thereof by Geographers will not suffer vs to follow them to the want of which Art I meane Geographie such fantasies may be imputed whereby also is confuted the opinion of them which place it vnder the Equinoctiall Circle as Durandus and Bonauentura Others account so much to Paradise as those foure Riuers doe water euen the chiefe part of Afrike and Asia and some confine it in streighter limits of Syria Arabia and Mesopotamia as if Adam had been so couetous as his Posteritie or so laborious as to husband so large Countries The false interpretation of those Riuers to bee Nilus Ganges c. was the cause of this errour the Septuagint translating in stead of Sichor which is Nilus Gihon the name of one of these streames Moses as it were of purpose by an exact Chorography and delineation of the situation doth meete with those errours and with other the like which I doe not here relate Neither is their opinion to be followed which drowne all altogether in the Deluge seeing that after that time Moses wrote this Franciscus Iunius in his readings on Genesis hath largely and learnedly handled this matter and added a Map also of Heden in which it stood and the course of the Riuers with the Countries adiacent In
à religendo of choosing againe Hunc eligentes vel potius religentes amiseramus enim negligentes vnde religio dicta perhibetur This word Religens is cited by Nigidius Figulus in Aulus Gellius Religentem esse oportet Religiosum nefas Religiosus being taken in bad sense for Superstitiosus The same Father elsewhere in his booke de vera Religione acknowledgeth another originall of the word which Lactantius before him had obserued à religando of fastning as beeing the bond betweene vs and GOD. Ad Deum tendentes saith Augustine ei vni religantes animas nostras vnde religio dicta creditur Religet ergo nos Religio vni omnipotenti Deo Lactantius his words are Diximus nomen religionis a vinculo pietatis esse deductum quòd hominem sibi Deus religauerit pietatè constrinxerit quia seruire nos ei vt Domino obsequi vt patri necesse est Melius ergo quà m Cicero id nomen Lucretius interpretatus est quia ait se religionum nodo exoluere And according to this Etymologie is that which M. Camden saith Religion in old English was called Ean-fastnesse as the one and onely Assurance and fast Anchor-hold of our soules health This is the effect of sinne and irreligion that the name and practise of Religion is thus diuersified else had there beene as one GOD soone religion and one language wherein to giue it with iust reason a proper name For till men did relinquere relinquish their first innocencie and the Author of whom and in whom they held it they needed not religere to make a second choice or seeke reconciliation nor thus relegere with such paines and vexation of spirit to enquire and practise those things which might religare bind them surer and faster vnto God and in these respects for seuerall causes Religion might seeme to be deriued from all those fountaines Thus much of the word whereby the nature of Religion is in part declared but more fully by the description thereof Religio est saith Augustine quae superioris cuiusdam naturae quam diuinam vocant curam ceremoniamque affert Religion is here described generally whether false or truely professing the inward obseruation and ceremoniall outward worship of that which is esteemed a higher and diuine nature The true Religion is the true rule and right way of seruing GOD. Or to speake as the case now standeth with vs True Religion is the right way of reconciling and reuniting man to GOD that hee may be saued This true way hee alone can shew vs who is the Way and the Truth neither can we see this Sunne except he first see vs and giue vs both eyes to see and light also whereby to discerne him But to come to Adam the subiect of our present discourse His religion before his fall was not to reunite him to GOD from whom he had not been separated but to vnite him faster and daily to knit him neerer in the experience of that which nature had ingrafted in him For what else was his Religion but a pure streame of Originall Righteousnesse flowing from that Image of GOD whereunto he was created Whereby his mind was enlightened to know the onely very GOD and his heart was engrauen not with the Letter but the life and power of the Law louing and proouing that good and acceptable and perfect will of GOD. The whole man was conformable and endeauoured this holy practise the body being plyant and flexible to the rule of the Soule the Soule to the Spirit the Spirit to the Father of Spirits and God of all Flesh which no lesse accepted of this obedience and delighted as the Father in his Child in this new modell of himselfe How happy was that blessed familiarity with God societie of Angels subiection of Creatures enuied onely of the Deuills because this was so good and they so wicked Nature was his Schoolmaster or if you will rather GODS Vsher that taught him without learning all the rules of Diuine Learning of Politicall Oeconomicall and Morall wisedome The whole Law was perfectly written in the fleshie Tables of his heart besides the especiall command concerning the trees in the middest of the Garden the one being an vniuersall and euerlasting rule of righteousnesse the other by speciall authority appointed as the manifestation of GODS diuine prerogatiue in commanding and a triall of mans integritie in obeying For the first part hereof since it was so blurred in our hearts it was renued by the voyce and finger of God on mount Sinai giuen then immediately by GOD himselfe as GOD ouer all whereas the other parts of the Law containing the Ceremoniall and Politicall ordinances were immediately giuen by the Ministerie of Moses as to that particular Nation Neither know I any that make doubt of this whole Law naturally and originally communicated saue onely that some make question of the Sabbath Howbeit I must confesse that I see nothing in that Commandement of the Decalogue prescribed but is Naturall and Moral for both the Rest is so farre Morall as the outward acts of Diuine worship cannot be performed without suspending for a while our bodily labours although Rest as a figure bee Iewish and in it selfe is either a fruit of wearinesse or idlenesse And that the seuenth dayes obseruation is naturall I meane the obseruing of one day of seauen in euery weeke appeareth both by the first order established in Nature when GOD blessed and sanctified the seuenth day the streame of Interpreters especially the later running and ioyning in this interpretation the Elder beeing somewhat more then enough busied in Allegories by the reason in the Commandement drawne from Gods example and Sanctification in the Creation by the obseruation of a Sabbath before this promulgation of the Law Exod. 16. and by the diuision of the dayes into weekes both then and before by Noah Gen. 8.10.12 by the necessitie of a Sabbath as well before the Law in the dayes of the Patriarkes as in the times of Dauid or Salomon by the perfection of the number of seuen in the Scriptures by the generall consent of all that it is Morall to set apart some time to the Lord of times and an orderly set time to the God of order which men might generally agree on for their publike deuotions which the Patriarkes practised in their Sacrifices and Assemblies the Heathens blindly as other things in their Feasts Thus saith Philo This is a feast day not of one Citie or Region but of the whole world and may be properly called the generall birth-day of the world And Clemens Alexandrinus sheweth out of Plato Homer Hesiod Callimachus and Solon that the seuenth day was not sacred alone to the Hebrewes but to the Greekes also and how mysticall was the number of seuen not onely among the Iewes but also among the Heathens both Philosophers and Poets as Philo Macrobius and others haue related Hereunto
besides those that by diseases or other manifold lets were not partakers thereof and in regard of this Feast being assembled thither through GODS iust iudgement their whole huge multitudes were couped or caged together in the wals of this Citie to destruction vnder Titus The bloud of the Lambe they were to receiue in a vessell and to sprinkle the same with a bunch of Hysope on the doore posts and to eate it in the night which was the beginning of the fifteenth day roast with fire with sowre hearbes and vnleauened bread both the head feete and purtenance girded shod with staues in their hands in haste standing burning whatsoeuer was left of the same After the eating the Sacramentall Lambe standing they had other prouision which they eate sitting or after their manner of lying at Table in remembrance of their libertie as appeareth by Iohns leaning on his brest and Iudas his sop at Christs supper In the Law it was commanded that they should eate the Passeouer standing which they onely practised in the first celebration in Aegypt For so the Iewes set forth the difference of the Paschall night from other nights in their twice washing which on other nights they do but once in their vnleauened in their Endiue or sowre hearbes And whereas on other nights they sit or lie now they lie onely in token of their securitie The washing was therfore necessarie lest they should defile the beds whereon they lay with their dusty feete In which respect the Gentiles also vsed to wash their feete the Iewes their whole bodie And the Pharise maruelled at Christ 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that he was not thus baptized or washed before he sate downe Some contented themselues onely with washing of the feete the want of which Office Christ obiected to another of his Pharisaicall hostes But in the Paschall rite a double washing was requisite because of their double Supper which in the flourishing state of the Iewes was also vsed in other their chiefe solemnities of the Pentecost and Tabernacles In the former they eate their Sacrifices in the later certaine Prayses were sung and it was called the supper dimissorie But this second Paschall Supper differed from that in other solemnities wherein they vsed iunkets which in this were forbidden and instead therof they had Endine and wilde Lettice mingled with Vinegar and other things which now they make as thick as mustard The Housholder first dipt his vnleauened soppe therein and eate it and then tooke from vnder the carpet or cloth another which he brake into as many pieces as he had Communicants in his company euery piece being as big as an Oliue which was giuen to each of them in order When he eate that sop first he said Blessed be thou Lord our God King of the world which hast sanctified vs with thy Commandements and hast giuen vs the precept of vnleauened bread And when he had eaten he said as he distributed to the rest This is the bread of affliction which our fore-fathers ate in the land of Aegypt Euery one which is hungry come and eate euery one which hath neede come and obserue the Passeouer After the destruction of Ierusalem they added these words Now we are here seruants but hereafter wee shall be in the land of Israel now we are here seruants hereafter in the land of Israel free After this he tasted of the Cuppe and deliuered to the next and he to the third and so on through the company This was called the Cup of thankesgiuing or of singing the Hymne which he deliuered with these words Blessed art thou O Lord our GOD King of the world Creator of the fruite of the Vine Then did they sing a Hymne and depart for the Canon forbad them to eate or drinke any thing after the Hymne These were the Paschall rites in the time of CHRIST who also vsed that reiterated both washing saith Scaliger and Supper and also the Hymne They were in the Eeuen of the foureteenth day to purge their houses of leauen and that throughout the Land where the Lambe might not be eaten All the Israelites were inioyned this dutie And they which by occasion of iourneying or vncleanenesse could not now celebrate the Passeouer were to obserue it the next moneth Numb 9. The day after or second day of this Paschall Feast they were to bring to the Priest a Gomer of the first-fruits of their Corne and a Lambe with other duties for a burnt offering to the LORD before which time they might not eate of the new yeeres fruites which at that time in those Countries beganne to ripen and so to acknowledge GOD the giuer thereof Philo saith That each priuate man which otherwise brought in his Sacrifice to the Priest Sacrificed or slew this Sacrifice with his owne handes And else where hee affirmeth the same Eleazarus or as other say the Synedrium ordayned three hundred and fiftie yeeres before the birth of Christ that the Passe-ouer should not bee solemnized on the second fourth or sixt day of the Weeke And therefore when it fell on the sixt day which wee call Fridaie it was deferred to the seuenth at the time of Christs Passion he with his Disciples ate it the night before according to the Law of God This Eleazarus ordained that the feast of Lots should not be celebrated on the second fourth or seuenth or Pentecost on the third fift or seuenth Or that of the Tabernacles on the first fourth and sixt Or the Fast of Expiation on the first third or sixt Or their New-yeeres day on the first fourth and sixt which decree is extant in the booke of Gamaliel Pauls Master which they did superstitiously to auoide two Sabbaths in so strict a rest together and carrying boughes on the Sabbath if that Feast fell thereon and on other such reasonlesse reasons After this sixteenth day of the moneth or second day of the vnleauened bread in which first of all sickle was thrust into the Haruest to offer the first fruits thereof vnto GOD were numbred seuen intire Weekes and the next day which was the fiftieth accounting inclusiuely was celebrated the feast of PENTECOST receiuing his name of that reckoning of fiftie And Schefuoth that is of Weekes because of this reckoning of seuen weekes it is called also the Feast of the Haruest of the first fruites the rites thereof are prescribed Leuit. 23. The institution was in respect of the Law then giuen on Mount Sinai and a type of that Euangelicall Law which Christ hauing ascended vp on high did write not in Tables of stone but in fleshly Tables of the heart when at the same time hee gaue the holy Ghost to his Disciples as a remembrance also of the Author of their Haruest-fruits and of their possession of that land where they had seede-time and haruest which in the wildernesse they wanted As the seuenth day in the weeke so the seuenth moneth in the yeere was in a great
first-borne themselues and therefore in right of the former challenge of the first-borne were the Lords already And if it seeme as much wonder which Authors obserue not that of two and twentie thousand were but three hundred first-borne That their exploite of executing their kindred for Idolatrie before mentioned in which sinne the first borne as Priests were likeliest to haue followed Aaron a chiefe man of their Tribe might answere for me And that cruell Edict of Pharaoh and their miraculous fruitfulnesse may mae it lesse strange that both in these Leuites there were so few first-borne and in the other Israelites also with whom amongst 603550. men from twentie yeeres olde vpwards there were though reckoning but from a moneth olde as is said but two and twentie thousand two hundred seuentie three which is little more then one of seuen and twentie besides that inequalitie of the persons numbred Likewise as Phil. Ferdinand hath obserued out of Abraham ben Dauid if a woman first brought forth a female neither that nor the sonne if shee had any after were of these sanctified first-borne This excursion vpon this occasion wherein I haue found diuers Interpreters mute will I hope find pardon with the Reader who happily himselfe may finde some better resolution To returne to our Historie God had before appointed Aaron to be high Priest and his Sonnes to be Priests to whom the Leuites were assigned after as we haue said as assistants in inferiour offices of the Tabernacle Aaron from whom is reckoned the succession of the high Priests in the same office had appointed to him eight holy garments a Brest-plate an Ephod a Robe a broidered coate a Miter a Girdle a Plate of gold and linnen breeches Also his sonnes had appointed to them Coates and Bonets and Girdles and Breeches Which their attire is described at large Exodus 28. Iosephus writeth of the stones there mentioned That that on the Priests right shoulder shined forth very bright when GOD was pleased with their Sacrifices as did also those twelue in the brest-plate when in the time of Warre GOD would assist them Which ceased miraculously to shine two hundred yeeres before his time or as the Talmudists say from the building of the second Temple The consecration of the Priests and Rites thereof are mentioned Exodus 29. The conditions required in the high Priest as that hee should not haue the bodily defects of blindnesse lamenesse maymednesse c. nor should vncouer his head and many other such like are expressed Leuit. 21. His office was daily to light the Lights at the euening and to burne incense at Morning and Euening and once euerie Sabbath to set the Shew-bread before the Lord to Sacrifice and once a yeere to make reconciliation in the holy-place c. This office they executed till the captiuitie after which they ruled also in the Common-wealth and the familie of the Maccabees obtayned temporall and spirituall iurisdiction being both Priests and Kings But the state being vsurped by others they also appointed high Priests at their pleasures and thus were Annas and Caiphas high Priests although Caiphas alone administred the office which was abrogated to Annas the name only remayning and thus Iosephus saith that Annas was most happie who had himselfe beene high Priest and seene all his sonnes in that office whereas in the institution and before the Captiuitie this office continued ordinarily with their liues which after they enioyed longer or shorter at pleasure of the Conqueror Next vnto the high Priest were the Priests lineally descended from Eleazar and Ithamar the sonnes of Aaron as in number many so in their Priestly rayments Consecration Condition and Office much differing from the former as appeareth for their Garments Leuit. 28. their Consecration 29. their Conditions required in them Leuit. 10. and 21. and their Office in some things as Preaching Praying Sacrificing not much vnlike to the former but in degree sometime assisting him in these things sometime alone and in some things nothing participating as in Moses plainely may be seene These Priestly families being of the house of Eleazar sixteene and of Ithamar eight which Dauid by Lot distributed into foure and twentie orders according to the number of the heads of families those foure and twentie men chiefe of those orders being to the high Priest as Aarons sonnes were vnto him in their ministerie 1. Chron. 24. and tooke turnes by course in performing of the same as Luke sheweth in the example of Zacharie Iosephus testifieth the same and affirmeth That in each of these rankes were more then fiue thousand men in his time And in the Historie of his life saith that himselfe was of the first of these orders betwixt which was no small difference and the heads of these were also called Chiefe Priests in the old and new Testament It was by their Lawe forbidden on paine of death to any Priest or Leuite to intermeddle in anothers Function But at the three solemne Feasts any of the Priests which would were permitted to Minister and to participate with those whose course it then was Onely they might not offer the Vowes or Free-will or ordinarie Offerings The Leuites had the next place in the Legall Ministerie all that descended of Leui except the familie of Aaron being thus called And Num. 3. according to the descent of the three sons of Leui had their offices assigned them which so continued till the daies of Dauid He distributed them according to their families vnto their seuerall functions twentie foure thousand to the seruice of the Temple six thousand to be Iudges and Rulers foure thousand Porters and foure thousand which praysed the Lord vpon Instruments These were diuided vnder their Heads or Principals according to their families The Leuiticall Musicians with their Offices and Orders are reckoned 1. Chron. 25. and 2. Chron. 7. These in stead of the silken stole which they ware obtained in the daies of Agrippa to weare a linnen one like the Priests The Porters are in the 26. of 1. Chron. described according to their families orders and offices They kept in their courses the doores and treasures of the Temple to keepe the same cleane and to keepe that which was vncleane out of the same and these all are ministred in their offices 2. Chron. 35. The Gibeonites called after Nethanims were at hand vnto the Leuites in the meanest Offices about the Tabernacle and Temple Ios. 9.21 and 1. Chron. 9. assigned hereunto first by Ioshua after by Dauid and the Princes for the seruice of the Leuites to cut wood and draw water for the house of God Ezra 8. Besides these Ecclesiasticall persons in the ordinarie Ministerie of the Temple were other which may no lesse be counted holy either in regard of Vow as the Nazarites for a time Sampson is an especiall example hereof and Iames the Iust brother of our Lord or else they were Prophets by extraordinarie calling as Samuel
as if he had touched a stranger They liue long feare not death not by any tortures of the Romans could be compelled to transgresse their lawes but derided their tormentors rather beleeuing to receiue their soules againe presently holding the bodies to be corruptible and the prisons of the immortall soules which if they haue been good haue a pleasant place assigned them beyond the Ocean but the euill to be in tempestuous stormie places of punishments Some of these Essens also foretell things to come And another sort is of them which allow of marriage but make a three yeeres tryall first of the woman and if by a constant purgation they appeare fit for child-bearing they wed them not for pleasure but procreation and therefore after conception do not accompanie with them These women when they wash haue their sacred linnen garments also as the men Thus far Iosephus who in his Antiq. addeth to these their opinions of Gods prouidence ruling all things and that they thinke their Ceremonies more holy then those of the Temple and therefore send thither their gifts but do not there sacrifice but by themselues following the same course of life which the Plisti do amongst the Dacians Some of these Essees liued solitarie like to Hermites as is said before Happily that Baenus was of this sort to whom Iosephus resorted for imitation He liued in the wildernesse cloathing and feeding himselfe with such things as the trees and plants of their owne accord yeelded him and with often cold washings in the night and day cooling the heate of lust with him Iosephus abode three yeeres §. VI. Of the Scribes THE Gaulonites or Galilaans had their beginning of Iudas elsewhere hee calleth him Simon a Galilaean whose doctrine was That Only GOD was to be accounted their Lord and Prince In other things they agreed with the Pharises but for their libertie they would rather endure any the most exquisite tortures together with their kindred and friends then call any mortall man their Lord Theudas happily mentioned Act. 5. and that Egyptian Act. 21. were of this rebellious and trayterous Sect and those Sicarij which wore short weapons vnder their garments therewith murthering men in assemblies That Egyptian Iosephus cals a false Prophet who vnder pretence of Religion and name of a Prophet assembled almost thirtie thousand men to Mount Oliuet hee was defeated by Foelix the Gouernour Such were their Zelotae in the siege of Ierusalem vnder the mantle of Religion all of them harbouring and cloaking Treason and villanie The Scribes are not a Sect but a function of which were two sorts 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the one expounders of the Law the other publike Notaries or Actuaries Recorders Secretarie Epiphanius maketh difference betwixt the Scribes that were 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Teachers of the Law and the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Lawyers which prescribed formes of Law Law-cases and taught Ciuill actions But these are often taken one for the other Ezra is called a Scribe whose Pulpit is mentioned Nehem. 8. and Moses Chaire was the Seate of the Scribes that is they taught the Law of Moses which they vsed to do sitting as Christ also did Math. 5.2 Their expositions Epiphanius saith were of foure sorts one in the name of Moses the second in the name of their Rabbine Akiba he is said to haue liued a hundred and twentie yeeres and to be standard-bearer to Barchozba the third in Andan or Annan the fourth after the Assamonai But little is to bee said of these Scribes more then what is before said of the Pharises this being not a differing Sect but an Office or Ministerie wherof the Pharises also were capable and are for false teaching blamed by our Sauiour together with the Scribes The Scribes are said in their expositions to haue beene more textuall the Pharises more in their Glosses and Traditions The Scribes had chiefe reputation for learning the Pharises for holinesse taking more paines saith our English Iosephus to goe to hell The Scribes professed both disputation and obseruation of many things saith Arias Montanus but not so exact as the Pharises For the Pharises though not so learned as the other thought themselues more holy then them because they obserued not onely those things which in the common opinion were thought meete but those things which were least which the people obserued not which others had added This they were ambitious of as of some great perfection for there was a threefold state of men The Doctors Pharises and people of the Land The Prouerbe was The people of the Land are the foote-stoole of the Pharises And this The people of the Land is not holy and they discerne not the Law nor wisedome yea saith the booke Musar hee shall not take the daughter of the people of the Land because they are abomination and their wiues are abomination and of their daughters it is said Cursed be hee that lyeth with a beast Thus did these proud Doctors and Pharises treade the way to the Popish Clergie in contemning the Laytie as vnworthie of the Law and Scripture which in an vnknowne tongue was sealed from them and feasted them at high Feasts with an halfe Sacrament and in their ordinarie priuate Masse with none at all Were not these faire reasons The Laytie might if they had a whole Communion touch the Cup and some of them haue beards and some haue the palsie and their dignitie is inferior to the Priestly c. The Booke Aboth sheweth how the people of the Lord required this supercilious generation talking of them and scoffing at them for their obseruations When I was of the people of the Land R. Aquiba there saith I said Who will giue me a Disciple of the wise I would bite him as an Asse for that insolence and because they would not suffer themselues to be touched of them The people were tyed to obserue the precepts mentioned or by necessitie of consequence drawne out of the Bible The Pharises as is said added their Traditions The Scribes manner of teaching was colde and weake consisting in certaine arguments which rather afflicted then affected the mindes of the hearers in certaine niceties and scrupulous questions and sometimes inextricable And therefore the people heard Christ as speaking with authoritie and not as the Scribes But to let passe these Schoole-men and those Canonists let vs come to their other Sects and sorts of professions §. VII Of many other Iewish Sects and Heresies THe Hemerobaptists are numbred by Epiphanius among the Iewish heresies which saith hee in other things differ not from the Scribes and Pharisies but in their doctrine of the resurrection and in infidelitie are like to the Sadduces And euerie day in all times of the yeere they are baptized or washed whence they haue their name But this custome of daily washing saith Scaliger was common
were once a yeere on the ninth day of the Moneth Ab allowed entrance into Ierusalem by Adrians Edict But then also saith Saint Hierome they are forced to pay for it that they which sometime bought the blood of Christ now must buy their owne teares There may you see saith he on that day whereon Ierusalem was taken by the Romans decrepit women and old ragged men annis pannisque obsitos and many wretched people but pittied of none with blubbered cheekes blacke armes disheueled hayre howling and lamenting for the ruines of their Sanctuarie in their bodies and habite bearing and wearing the markes of Diuine vengeance Of whom the Souldier exacteth his fee also for libertie of further weeping It is written in an ancient Iournall of Burdeaux that not farre from the Images there is a stone boared thorow to which the Iewes come yeerely and anoint it lamenting grieuously and renting their garments and then depart Beniamin an Hebrew Author relateth that one and twentie dayes iourney from Kupha through the Wildernesse he trauelled to the Region of Seba where dwelled Iewes called the children of Rechab or men of Theima which gaue Tithes to the Disciples of the wise who continually applied themselues to learning and to Sermons alway sitting in the Schoole and to the humbled Israelites and deuout persons which lament Sion and bewayle Ierusalem These dwell in Caues or in ruined houses fasting all the daies of their life except on the Sabbaths and Festiuals beseeching mercy continually at the hands of God touching the banishment and deportation of Israel they neuer eate flesh nor drinke wine The same also do all the Iewes of the Countrey Theima and of Talmaas pray All which go with rent clothes and fast fortie dayes for the Iewish captiuitie And so let them mourne which refuse the glad tidings of great ioy to all people that vnto vs is borne IESVS a Sauiour which is Christ the Lord But yet what rockie heart can but mourne with them and for them thus made spectacles to the World of bodily and spirituall misery which both in these times mentioned and before in the time of Traian and in all ages since hath pursued them in all places of their habitation if that name may be giuen to this World-wandring and Vagabond-people In the time of Traian Adrians predecessor the Iewes had rebelled in Egypt and Cyrene where they committed much outrage and mischiefe vnder one Luke their Captaine against whom the Emperour sent Martius Turbo who destroyed many thousands of them and fearing that the Iewes in Mesopotamia would do the like commanded Lucius Quietus to destroy them vtterly in recompence of which seruice executed to his minde he made him president of Iudaea Dion saith That the Captaine of the Iewes was named Andrew and that they slue many Greekes and Romans did eate their flesh gyrt themselues with their guts were imbrued with their blood and clothed with their skinnes many they sawed asunder from the crowne downewards many they cast to the Beasts and many were found to kill one another with mutuall combats so that two hundred and twentie thousand persons perished by this vnspeakeable crueltie In Egypt and Cyprus vnder their Captaine Artemion they destroyed two hundred and fortie thousand They were subdued by Traians captaynes specially by Lucius And it was made a capitall crime for a Iewe although forced by tempest to set foote in Cyprus Africa was re-peopled where they had destroyed with new Colonies No maruell if the Romans thus prouoked both in the time of Traian Hadrian destroyed so many thousands of them Iulian afterward gaue them leaue to return into their Countrie re-build their Temple more for hatred of the Christians then for loue to their Nation Whose wickednesse and answerable successe herein is plainely detected and detested by Gregorie Nazianzene and other Fathers as we haue before related §. III. Of other their False Christs and Seducing Prophets TO adde further of their bodily confusions and the illusions of their bewitched minds Nicephorus mentioneth a Pseudo-Moses of the Iewes in the parts of Arabia destroyed by the forces of the Empire together with his Complices in a like Rebellion Socrates describeth a further madnesse of theirs for true is that saying of Saint Paul That they which will not beleeue the Truth are giuen ouer to strong delusions to beleeue lies In the I le of Creete was a false Prophet that affirmed himselfe to be Moses which led the Israelites thorow the Red-Sea and to be sent from Heauen to those Iewes to conduct them thorow the Red-Sea into the continent of the holy Land This he perswaded them for the space of a whole yeere going from Citie to Citie And at last induced them to leaue their riches to them that would take them and to follow him at a day appointed he went afore them vnto a Promontorie of the Sea and there bid them leape in which many obaying perished in the waues and many more had perished had not some Christian Merchants and Fishers beene at Land which saued some and forbad the rest to follow The Iewes seeking to be reuenged of this counterfeit Moses could no where finde him and therefore thought him to be some Deuill in humane shape which sought their destruction and thereupon many of them became Christians Beniamin Teudelensis reporteth of one in Persia called Dauid Elroi sometime the Disciple of Hasdai which was Head of the captiuitie one learned in the Law and Talmud in forraine learning in the Ismaelites tongue and in Magike who gathered together the Iewes in Hhapthon and would needes warre on all Nations and winne Ierusalem affirming that GOD had sent him therefore and to free them from the Gentiles Many beleeued him to bee the Messias The King of Persia sent for him imprisoned him in the citie Dabasthan whence they are not freed during life But he three dayes after when the King and his Councel sate to examine and take order for this businesse came amongst them And when the King asked who brought him thither he said his owne wisedome and industrie The King bid lay hold on him but his seruants answered they could heare him but not see him and away he went the King following him to a Riuer ouer which Dauid stretching his hand-kerchiefe passed ouer and was then seene of them all who in vaine pursued him with their boates This Dauid the same day went ten dayes iourney from thence to Elghamaria and declared to the Iewes there all which had passed The Persian sent to the Calipha of Bagded that he should cause the head of the Captiuitie to perswade him to other courses otherwise threatning destruction to all the Iewes in Persia which Iewes likewise for feare thereof writ to the head of the Captiuitie He therefore writ to Dauid We would haue thee to knowe that the time of our deliuerance is not yet come nor haue we yet seene our signes and
therefore enioyne thee to desist from these attempts otherwise be thou cast out from all Israel But he proceeded neuertheles till Zinaldin a Turkish King subiect to the Persian corrupted his Father in Law with ten thousand peeces of Gold who accordingly with a Sword slew him in his bed And thus ended Dauid but not his designes for the Iewes in Persia were forced by many talents af gold to buy their peace with the King About the same time Rambam tells of another which tooke him to bee the Messenger of the Messias which should direct his way before him preaching that the Messias would appeare in the South To him resorted many Iewes and Arabians whom hee led alongst the Mountaines professing to go meete the Messias who had sent him Our Brethren in the South countrey wrote to me a long Letter hereof declaring the innouations he made in their Prayers and his preachings amongst them asking my aduice And I writ a booke saith Rambam for their sakes touching the signes of the comming of the Messias This Seducer was taken after a yeeres space and brought before one of the Kings of the Arabians which examined him of his courses who answered that he had so done at the commandement of GOD in witnesse whereof he bad him cut off his head and he would rise againe and reuiue which the King caused to be done without any such miraculous effect ensuing The like telleth Isaac Leuita of one Lemlen a Iew in the yeere 1500. as also of R. Dauid which about the same time was burned for like cause The Iewes haue Legends as that of Eldad translated by Genebrard of multitudes of Iewes in Aethiopia whom when wee come thither we will visit But alas it is small comfort being burned in the fire to make themselues merry with smoke Of their miseries sustained in all places of their abode all histories make mention And yet their superstition is more lamentable then their dispersion as also their pertinacie and stubbornenesse in their superstition And certainely me thinks that euen to him that will walke by sight and not by faith not oblieging his credit to meete authoritie as the case standeth betwixt vs and the Scriptures but will be drawne by the cords of Reason onely and Sense euen to such a one me thinks this Historie of the Iewes may be a visible demonstration of the Truth of Christian Religion Not onely because the truth of the Prophesies of Iaacob of Moses of Esay and other the Prophets is fulfilled in them and because Gods iustice still exacteth the punishment of the betraying and murthering that iust one but especially in this that the bitterest enemies cruellest persecutors and wilfullest Haters that euer were of the Christian truth are dispersed into so many parts of the World as witnesses of the same Truth holding and maintayning to death the Scriptures of Moses and the Prophets then which euen Reason being Iudge as is said before we will not desire sounder and fuller proofes of our profession Neither is our Gospell wherein we differ from them any other then the fulfilling of their Law and Christ came not to destroy the Law but to fulfill the same the same truth being deliuered in both veyled in the one and reuealed in the other In him the Promises in him the figures in him the righteousnesse of the Law righteousnesse in Doctrine righteousnesse in practice righteousnesse of Doing righteousnesse of Suffering to satisfie the debt to merit the inheritance are the witnesses that in him they are all yea and Amen haue receiued their perfect being and accomplishment But the vayle is ouer their hearts eyes they haue and see not eares and heare not They hold out to vs the light of Scripture themselues walking in darkenes and reserued to darkenesse like to a Lampe Lanthorne or Candlesticke communicating light to others whereof themselues are not capable nor can make any vse §. IIII. Of the Miserable Dispersions of the Iewes WE haue shewed how they were vtterly cast out of their countrey And Italie and the Empire was filled with Iewish slaues Nor was this their first dispersion but as the Assyrians had carried away the other ten Tribes So the Babylonians carried away the two Tribes remayning which might haue returned vnder the Persian Monarchie but many remained in those Countries till the dissolution of that Iewish state and after They had there diuers famous Vniuersities and that at Bagdet endured till the yeere of Christ one thousand three hundred so writeth Boterus At which time they fleeing the persecutions of the Arabians dispersed themselues into India where many are found at this day These through continuall conuersing with the Gentiles and Christians haue small knowledge of the Law and lesse would haue but for other Iewes that resort thither out of Egypt Before that time also if we beleeue the Ethiopian History twelue thousand Iewes of each Tribe a thousand went with the Queene of Sabaes Sonne which they say she had by Salomon into that Country and there remaine their posteritie to this day Thus is ASIA and AFRIKE fraught with them but EVROPE much more Adrian banished fiue hundred thousand into Spayne where they multiplied infinitely and founded an Vniuersitie at Corduba about the yeere of our Lord one thousand And at Toledo was a Schoole of twelue thousand Iewes about the yeere of our Lord one thousand two hundred thirty and sixe as writeth Rabbi Mosche Mikkatzi from hence it seemeth they swarmed into England and France Anno 1096. innumerable numbers of men and women of diuers Nations according to the zeale of those times trauelling to Ierusalem compelled the Iewes in places whereby they passed to be baptized euery where making terrible massacre and slaughter of such as refused may of the Iewes also killing themselues in zeale of their Law At Mentz they slew of them 1014. of both sexes and fired the greatest part of the Citie The rest rested not long in their imposed Christianitie but willingly renounced that which against their wils they had accepted Auentinus numbreth 12000. Iewes slaine in Germanie in this irreligious quarrell Otto Frisingensis attributes these Iewish slaughters to the zealous preaching of Rodolph a Monke which furie was appeased by the preaching and authoritie of Saint BERNARD These Pilgrims saith Albertus Aquensis which then liued being a gallimaufry of all Nations in pretence of this holy quarrell against the Turkes gaue themselues to all vnholy and filthy courses amongst themselues and against the Christians where they passed may whoores attending and following the Campe to which they added excesse in dyet robberies especially all cruelties against the Iewes chiefly in the kingdome of Lorraine thus beginning the rudiments of that war against the enemies of the Faith First they destroyed them and their Synagogues in Collen and taking two hundred of them flying by night to Nuis they slue and robbed them all At Mentz the Iewes committed
Narbone was as it were Ensigne-bearer of the Law to all the Countries about where was chiefe Kalonymus of the seede of Dauid there were three hundred Iewes Foure leagues thence was the Citie Bidrach where was an Vniuersitie stored with Disciples of the wise whereof also there were at Mompelier Lunel was a famous Vniuersitie where liued Asser the Pharisee which studied night and day fasting and perpetually abstayning from flesh with Messulam Ioseph Iacob Aaron which by the bounty of the Vniuersitie gaue foode rayment and teaching to such as came from far to studie there as long as they stayed Theremas a Synagogue of three hundred Iewes At Bothiaquiers fortie at Nogheres about an hundred at Arles two hundred at Massilia two Colledges and three hundred Iewes At Rome two hundred free from tribute at Salern six hundred At Beneuent an Vniuersitie of two hundred At Taraam two hundred At Tarentum three hundred At Ornedo fiue hundred At Thebes two thousand At Corinth three hundred There were people liuing in the Mountaines which robbed and spoyled all but dealt more fauourably with the Iewes whose liues they spared then with Christians whom they not onely robbed but slew also These said they were descended of the Iewes they were called Balachi At Arimbon were foure hundred at Seleuca fiue hundred Constantinople would not suffer a Iew to dwell in the Citie nor to ride on horse-back except one Solomon the Kings Physitian yea the people would beate them in the streets At Pera liued two thousand Iewes Two daies sayling from thence At Dorostum was an Vniuersity of foure hundred at Rhodes were foure hundred at Dophros were Iewes and Cyprian Epicures before mentioned At Behalgad were a Sect of Ismaelites with a peculiar Prophet of their owne At Tripoli many Iewes and Gentiles had a little before perished with an Earth-quake whereof dyed in all Israel twentie thousand At Gebal was a place where the Ammonites had somtimes a Temple and it was an Idoll of stone couered with gold sitting with two Images of women sitting by and an Altar before There were an hundred and twentie Iewes At Beeroth fiftie at Sidon twentie Here-awayes liued a people called Dogzijn of whom we shall speake more fitly in another place At Caesarea were few Iewes but two hundred Samaritans at Sebaste an hundred This is betweene Garizim an hill fertile well watred and Gebal an hill stony and drie In the place of the sometime Sanctuarie at Ierusalem was a faire and large Temple called the Temple of the Lord built of Ghemar ben Alchetab there the Christians had no image but resorted hither only for prayer Ouer-against it is a wall made of the wals of the Sanctuarie this they call the Gate of mercy to this place the Iewes come to pray The Pillar of Lois wife was then continuing which was said to grow to the former bignes if at any time the flocks had diminished it with licking At Hebron was a great temple and in a vault six Sepulchres of Abraham and Sara Isaac and Rebecca Iacob and Leah a Lampe perpetually burning and in the Caue it selfe were tubs full of bones of the ancient Israelites At Benibera or new Ascalon in the border of Egypt were two hundred Iewes forty Carraim and three hundred Samaritans At Tiberias were fifty Iewes and the Synagogue of Caleb son of Iephunneh at Damascus were three thousand There dwelt the Head of the land of Israel called Esdras and his brother Sarsalem which was ouer the Iudgement and Ioseph the fift of the Synedrian and Matsliah head of the order of Readers there were two hundred Carraim and foure hundred Samaritans amongst all which was peace but no intercourse of marriages in differing Sects In Thadmar were foure thousand Iewes here and at Baghala were buildings of stone so great that it was said to be the worke of Asmodaeus with as good reason as Diuels dike with vs At Hamath was an Earth quake in those times which destroyed fifteene thousand people in one day and only an hundred and seuenty remayned Haleb in old times called Aram Tezoba had fifteene hundred Israelites At Petra in the Desart were two thousand At Dakia sometime Chalne seuen hundred Here was a Synagogue built by Esdras in the returne from Babylon and another also of his building at Charan two dayes iourney thence the place where Abraham had dwelt had no building on it but was frequented by the Israelites to pray there At Alchabor were two thousand Iewes at Nisibis one thousand at Gezir ben Ghamar a Citie on the bankes of Tigris were foure thousand It is foure miles from the place where Noahs Arke rested which Arke Ghamar son of Alchetab brought from the top of the hill to the vse of a Moschee neere to which was the Synagogue of Esdras whither the Iewes on festiual dayes resorted to Prayer Two daies iourney thence was Al-Mutsal sometime called Assur the beginning of the kingdome of Persia retayning her ancient greatnes situate on Tigris a bridge onely being betweene that and Niniue now wholly destroyed only Castles and streetes remayned in the circuit thereof at Al-Mutsal were seuen thousand Iewes and three Synagogues of the three Prophets Abdias Ionas and Nahum In Rahaban anciently Rehoboth were two thousand At Karkesia on the same banke of Euphrates with the former fiue hundred at Aliobar two thousand at Hhardan fifteene thousand at Ghukbera built by Iectronia tenne thousand Two dayes iourney thence is Bagdad of the kingdome of the Calipha named Amir Almumanim Alghabassi Hhaphtsi the chiefe of the Ismaelite Sect Here was a thousand Iewes and ten Synedria or Courts the heads or chiefe whereof he nameth them are called Vacantes because they attended no other function but the administring of the societie They giue iudgement to all Iewes which resort vnto them on any day of the weeke but the second in which they all meet together before Samuel the head of the Synedrium But ouer all these was Daniel son of Hhasdai entituled the Head of the Captiuitie descended from Dauid whom the Iewes called Our Lord the Ismaelites Sydna ben Dauid Our L. son of Dauid Hee had great Authoritie ouer all congregations of Israelites warranted to him with the Amirs seale who caused that all Israelites and Ismaelites should rise to him vnder paine of an hundred stripes When he goeth to see the King it is with very great pompe This dignitie is bought with a great summe of money giuen to the King and Princes at his confirmation and then is the second Chariot of the King prouided for him He exerciseth imposition of hands on the men of the Synedrium There were eight and twentie Synagogues in Bagdad and the Suburbe on the other side Tigris But the Synagogue which pertayned to the head of the Captiuity was of Marble of diuers colors adornd with gold siluer spacious and on the pillers were verses of the Psalmes written in gold Before the Arke were ten rowes
beene mustered from the Easterne and Westerne Babel and the like manner of their confusion hath almost made mee forget the Historie and my selfe but neuer a whit the Truth And this will be further manifested in the rest of this Booke where their Superstitious Deuotion is related As for those Testimonies of the Iewes against themselues besides the Scriptures which in regard of the true sense the veile ouer their hearts will not suffer them to reade but it is a sealed Booke vnto them and they left the riches thereof vnto vnto vs as the Aramites left their Tents with their Horses and Treasure to the pined Israelites Their other Authours are so plaine and plentifull in the Mysteries of our Religion as I know not whether it cause greater pleasure to reade their Writings or astonishment and wonder at the Nation so stricken with madnesse and with blindnesse and with astonishment of heart since they haue shut their eyes against the Sunne of Righteousnesse on whom that threatned plague is come Thou shalt groape at Noone-dayes as the Blind doth groape in darknesse For out of their Talmud-Authors is plainly deliuered the mystery of the Trinitie the Incarnation of the Sonne of GOD his two Natures his Birth of a Virgin his spiriuall Kingdome the time of his Comming the truth of his Prophesies and power of his Miracles the Redemption of Mankind by his Death his Crucifying Descent Resurrection and Ascension and that their Nation was to be reiected the old Law to cease New to succeed c. All which as they agree vnto that sweet and blessed Name and Person of Iesus which name and that of Emanuel is also found in their Writings so doe they argue the seueritie of GODS Iudgements when men will not beleeue the Truth that by the efficacie of errour they shall haue eyes and see not eares and heare not neither ours nor their owne as Paul and CHRIST himselfe often told them But those particulars as rather appertayning to Disputation then Historie and therefore too much impertinent to our purpose the desirous Readers may at large find in Morney and Galatinus not to mention others The witnesse of Iosephus being one whose name we oftten vse in this Historie may iustly challenge me if I should omit him especially seeing hee liued in the very dayes of the Apostles who as he witnesseth of Iohn Baptist and of many other things mentioned in the Gospell fully agreeing therewith so concerning our Lord and Sauiour hath this Testimonie In the time of Tiberius there was one Iesus a wise Man if at least-wise he was to be called a man who was a worker of great Miracles and a Teacher of such as loue the Truth and had many followers as well of Iewes as of Gentiles This was Christ Neuerthelesse being accused vnto Pilate by the chiefe of the Iewes hee was crucified But yet for all that those which had loued Him from the beginning ceased not to continue still For hee shewed himselfe aliue vnto them three dayes after his Death as the Prophets had foretold of him both this and diuers other things And euen vnto this day doe those continue still which after his name are called Christians Thus much Iosephus Thus did the Truth force him to confesse whose Historie of the destruction of his Nation what is it but as a Commentary on Iesus Prophesie thereof and their fearefull Imprecation His bloud be vpon vs and our children shewing that the wrath of God was come vpon them to the vtmost From Mount Oliuet where Iesus was first apprehended and where last those blessed feet touched the Earth as if there Mercie had left a print of Iustice was Ierusalem besieged and at their Feast of Passeouer when they had crucified Christ they were cooped vp as it were assembled by Diuine Iustice from all quarters to destructron together with that their Citie where they had slaine the Lord But of this before It will not bee vnsauourie to the Reader obseruing herein Diuine vengeance to relate as vnsauourie a Tale as euer was deuised which their Talmud telleth in derogation of Christs Miracles in which I know not whether to call them beasts or Deuils so witlesse and withall so wicked is their blasphemie Forsooth in Salomons Temple there was say they a certayne stoue of very rare vertue wherein Salomon by his singular Wisedome had engrauen the very true Name of GOD which it was lawfull for euery man to reade but not to conne by heart nor to write out And at the Temple doore were two Lyons tyed at two Chaines which rored terribly that the feare thereof made him to forget the name that had committed the same to memorie and him to burst asunder in the middest that had put it in writing But IESVS the Sonne of Mary say they regarding neither the Curse annexed to the Prohibition nor the roaring of the Lyons writ it out in a Bill and went his way with it ioyfully And lest he might be taken with the thing about him hee had a little opened the skinne of his legge and put it in there and afterwards wrought his miracles by the vertue of that name I should be almost as absurd as they if I should dispute against it seeing in this and most of their brain-sicke Dreames the very recitation is sufficient refutation It cannot be denyed that there haue beene many Rabbines very Learned as R. Moses Aegyptius Abben Tibbon which translated Euclide and other Authours out of Arabicke into Hebrew and some parts also of Aristotle translated into Hebrew are accounted his doing many others of them writ in Philosophie likewise and for Physicke who haue beene more famous But he which will haue notice of the RR. and their workes let him reade Buxdorfius his Bibliotheca Rabbinica printed 1613. yet euen the best of them haue much Chaffe which needs much fanning from the Corne Many wise Sentences and Prouerbs haue beene by Drusius and others gathered out of some of their workes which would haue beautified this Discourse as these for a taste Vowes are the hedge or wall of defence to holinesse Tithes are the same to Riches he which increaseth his flesh encreaseth Wormes Who is wise he which learneth of euery one Who is valiant hee which brideleth his affections Who is rich he which is content with his portion If I care not for my selfe who shall care for me And if I what am I and if not now when The day is short and the worke much and the Labourers slow and the wages great and the Housholder calleth vpon vs But me thinkes you call vpon me to proceed But of these and such like Sayings there is a whole Treatise called Pirke Auoth which is as it were their Medulla Patrum or Flores Doctorum gathered by R. Nathan Babylonius set forth by Fagius and since by Drusius yet hauing spoken thus much of their Learned men I thinke it would to some louers of Learning not be
euer were of the Hebrew Bibles Wherein there appeareth an euident token of the prouidence of GOD for the preseruation of the sacred Bookes of Scripture whole and sound that the Masoreth hath beene kept till our times these many hundred yeeres with such care and diligence that in sundry Copies of it which haue beene written no difference was euer found And it hath beene added in all the written Bibles that are in Europe Africke or Asia each of them agreeing throughly therein with other euen as it is printed in the Venice Bibles to the great wonder of them who read it Thus farre Montanus and by this Masóreth their Obiection of Caari and Caaru in the two and twentieth Psalme is answered in that certayne Readings haue the later and truer as the Masóreth testifieth Wee haue alreadie shewed That these Masorites inuented the prickes wherewith the Hebrew is now read to supply the lacke of vowels herein vsing religious care lest by inuenting new Letters to that purpose they should haue changed that ancient forme of writing and somewhat impayred the Maiesty thereof They tell that when a certayne Rabbine had read Zácar for Zécer he was slaine of his Scholler Ioab for violating Scripture Genebrard denying their opinion that make Ezra or Esdras Authour of these Hebrew prickes and Accents saith That they were inuented after the times of Honorius the Emperour in the yeare after the Temple was destroyed 436. which is sayth hee from Christ 476. in Tyberias a Citie of Galilee the chiefe Authours were Aaron Aseries and Iames Sonne of Nephthali whose dissenting one from another caused a diuision among the Iewes the Westerne Iewes following the former the Easterne which dwelt in Babylonia the later The Syriake Tongue some hold to haue sprung from the corruption of the Chaldee and Hebrew mixt The Editions and Translations of the Scriptures out of the Hebrew into the Greeke are reckoned nine besides that which Clement Alexandrinus sayth was before the time of Alexander whereof Plato and the Philosophers borrowed not a little The first already mentioned of the Seuentie The second of Aquila first a Gentile after a Christian and now last a Iew in the time of Adrian whom Serarius thinketh to bee Onkelos or Ankelos Author of the Targum The third of Theodotian a Marcionist vnder Commodus The fourth of Symmachus first a Samaritan and after that a Iew. Of the fift and sixt are not knowne the Authors Of all these Origen compounded his Hexapla The seuenth was the correction rather then a translation The eight was of Lucian Priest and Martyr The ninth of Hesychius But the most famous and ancient which the Spirit of GOD hath by often allegations in some measure confirmed is that of the Seuentie As for that conceit of the Celles which Iustine sayth were threescore and ten in which they were diuided and which Epiphanius placeth by couples and numbreth sixe and thirtie Celles in which by Miracle these thus diuided did all agree in words and sense Hierome derideth the same as a Fable because neither Aristaeus which then liued nor Iosephus doe euer mention it Now whereas Iosephus mentioneth onely the Law translated by them Iustinus Irenaeus Clemens Eusubius write That they translated all And although Aristaeus name but the Law yet who knoweth not that by this generall name they sometime comprehended all the Scripture as in the New Testament is seene as 1. Cor. 14.21 and Iohn 10.34 Some accuse this Aristaeus for a Counterfeit CHAP. XIII Of the Moderne Iewes Creed or the Articles of their Faith with their Interpretation of the same and their Affirmatiue and Negatiue Precepts §. I. Of their Creed STay your selues and wonder sayth the Lord of this people they are blind and make blind they are drunken but not with Wine they stagger but not by strong drinke c. And after because of their Hypocrisies And their feare toward me is taught by the Precept of Men. Therefore behold I will againe doe a maruellous worke in this People euen a maruellous worke and a wonder for the wisedome of their Wise-men shall perish and the vnderstanding of their prudent men shall bee hid This day is this Scripture as it hath beene many Ages heretofore fulfilled in our eyes as it hath appeared by our former declaration of the Talmud and further followeth in rehearsing the thirteene Articles of their Creed thus briefly expressed in their daily Prayer-bookes 1. I Beleeue with a true and perfect Faith that GOD is the Creator Gouernour and Preseruer of all Creatures and that he hath wrought all things worketh hitherto and shall worke for euer 2. I beleeue with a perfect Faith that GOD the Creator is one and that such an Vnitie as is in him can be found in none other who alone hath beene OVR GOD is yet and for euer shall continue OVR GOD. 3. I beleeue with a perfect Faith that GOD the Creator is not bodily nor indued with bodily properties and that no bodily Essence can be compared to him 4. I beleeue that GOD the Creator is the first and last and that nothing was before him that he shall abide the last for euer 5. I beleeue that he alone is to be adored and that none else may be worshipped 6. I beleeue that all whatsoeuer the Prophts haue taught and spoken is sincere Truth 7. I beleeue that the Doctrine and Prophesie of MOSES was true that hee was the Father and Chiefe of Wise men that liued then or before his time or should be in times to come after 8. I beleeue that all the Law as it is this day in our hands was so deliuered by GOD himselfe to MOSES 9. I beleeue that the same Law is neuer to be changed nor any other to bee giuen vs of GOD. 10. I beleeue that he knoweth and vnderstandeth all the works and thoughts of men as it is written in the Prophet He hath fashioned their hearts together considering all their works Psal. 33.15 11. I beleeue that GOD will recompence to all men their works to all I say which keepe his Commandements and will punish all Transgressers whomsoeuer 12. I beleeue that the MESSIAS is yet to come and although he doe long deferre his comming yet will I hope that he will come wayting for him euery day till he doth come 13. I beleeue with a perfect Faith that there shall be an awakening of the dead at that time which shall seeme fit to GOD the Creator the name of which GOD the Creator be much blessed and celebrated for euermore AMEN Genebrard out of the Spanish Breuiarie hath annexed this their Creed-prayer O GOD and King which sitteth on the Throne of Mercies forgiuest Iniquities c. O GOD which hast taught the thirteene Articles of Faith remember this day the Couenant of thy thirteene Properties as thou reuealedst them to Moses in thy Law 1. Lord Lord. 2. Strong 3. Mercifull 4. Gracious 5. Long-suffering 6.
And of great goodnesse 7. And Truth 8. Which keepest Mercy for thousands 9. Which takest away the Iniquitie 10. Transgressions 11. And sinnes 12. Which absoluest not 13. But rendrest the Iniquitie of the Fathers vpon the Children to the third and fourth Generation then follow those thirteene Articles in forme of an Hymne with the Exposition of R. Moses which also you may reade in the Treatise of Philip Ferdinand a Polonian Christned Iew. And hee which thus beleeueth sayth Ferdinand is a Iew and as a Brother to bee loued and though hee commit all the sinnes of the World howsoeuer hee shall bee punished for his sinne yet shall he haue part in the Kingdome of Heauen though he be reckoned among the Sinners of Israel But he which shall ouerturne one of these Precepts shall bee blotted out of the number of the Saints and be reckoned an Heretike Apostata Epicure worthy to bee hated of all This is the Iewish Faith in which with much vexation doubting and lamentation they liue and dye vpon which their Religion hath beene alway founded but it was first put in writing and brought into this Order by R. Mosche bar Maimon who dyed in the yeere after their reckoning 4964. Anno Dom. 1104. and straite charge was giuen That the Iewes thenceforth for euer confessing it in this Order should according to the same liue and dye This their Creed howsoeuer Charity may construe much of it to a better sense yet according to their vnderstanding doth it principally ayme at the subuersion of Christian Religion as appeareth in a more strait Examination after their sense of the 2 3 4 and 5 the 7 8 9 10 11 12. Articles All which make against the person or the Office of the Sonne of GOD as they vnderstand them denying his God-head and disanulling his Office affirming as a Iew shamed not to professe and vtter vnto M. Buxdorfius That it needed not that any should satisfie for them for euery Fox must yeeld his owne skinne and haires to the flayer And the Iewish Faith saith R. Ioseph Albu is founded vpon three foundations vpon the vnitie of the Diuine Essence vpon the Law of Moses and vpon the eternall reward of good workes and punishment of euill contemning the Passion of Christ by whose stripes we are healed and on whom GOD hath laid the iniquities of vs all It is written also in their Talmud that all the Israelites haue their portion in the World to come not all alike but he shall haue a greater part that hath done more good workes and the wicked and Impenitent shall be punished twelue moneths in Hell or Purgatorie after which time they also and some sooner if they haue beene lesse sinners shall haue their part but a lesse then the former but to them which deny GOD which become Christians their fore-skinne groweth againe and as vncircumcised eternally are punished in Hell And the Sonne of a deceased Iew is bound to say for the space of one yeere a Prayer called Kiddisch thereby to redeeme him from Purgatorie in which respect the Father dyeth with ioy A good woman may doe the like for her Husband But R. Bechai who excludeth all other Nations from their part in the Resurrection preferring the Iewes in a foure-fold Priuiledge viz. the Land of Canaan the Law the Prophets and the Resurrection reciteth out of the great Talmud That three sorts of men shall rise againe at the Day of Iudgement one of the best Israelites a second sort of the wicked and worst the third of a meane who haue done as much good as euill The good shall presently goe into life eternall the wicked shall be cast into Hell as in the twelfth of Daniel and shall be for euer in torments of bodie and soule The third and meaner sort of sinners shall bee tormented for twelue moneths space for their sinnes in Hell at the end of which time their bodies shall be consumed and the wind shall scatter their ashes vnder the soles of the feet of the Iust c. and as worthily doe they proue it out of the Prophet And in that day two parts shall be cut off and dye and the third shall be left therein and I will bring that third part thorow the fire and will fine them as siluer is fined and will try them as Gold is tryed And in another place The Lord killeth and maketh aliue bringeth downe to Hell and raiseth vp Iust as fitly applyed as 1. Cor. 3. and such like places by our Purgatory Spirits R. Dauid Kimchi vpon the first Psalme and Esay 26. commenteth That the wicked shall not rise but in the day of death their soule shall dye together with their bodie And Aben Ezra in his Exposition of Dan. 12. writeth out of R. Higgaon That many shall rise and many not rise but suffer euerlasting reproch and expoundeth it thus That the good Iewes which dye in Exile shall rise againe when the Messias shall come and shall liue as long as the Patriarkes before the Floud and then they shall make merrie with the great Fish Leuiathan and the great Bird Ziz and the great Oxe Behemoth of which we shall speake after When this is done they shall dye and at the last Day shall be raysed vp againe and shall possesse eternall Life where shall bee no eating nor drinking but glory c. Iacob desired to be buried in Canaan not in Egypt for three causes saith R. Salomon Iarchi because he foresaw That of the Dust of Egypt shall bee made Lice Secondly because the Israelites which dye out of Canaan shall not rise againe without much paine of their rolling thorow the deepe and hidden Vaults of the Earth Thirdly left the Egyptians should make an Idoll of him For the better vnderstanding hereof let vs heare what is said out of the Booke Tanchum an Exposition of the Pentateuch concerning this subiect The Patriarkes sayth he desired to be buried in Canaan because they which are there buried shall first rise in the time of the Messias And R. Hananiah sayth That they which dye out of Canaan must endure two deaths and the same appeareth Ier. 20. where it is said Pashur should go into Babel and should there dye and there be buried What quoth R. Simon shall then all the Iust perish which dye out of Canaan No but God will make them Mechillos that is deepe Clifts and Caues vnder the Earth by which they may passe into the Land of Promise whither when they are come GOD shall inspire into them the breath of life that they may rise againe as it is written I will open your Graues and cause you to come out of your Sepulchres c. The like is written in their Targum or Chaldaean Interpretation of the Canticles When the dead shall rise Mount Oliuet shall cleaue asunder and the Israelites which haue beene dead shall come out of the same and they which haue dyed in
be washed and if hee should touch his eyes hee would be blinde his eares deafe his nose dropping his mouth stinking his hand scabbed with these vnwashed and therefore venemous hands and when hee washeth he must powre water three times on his right hand and as oft on the left before one hand may touch the other hee must not bee sparing in his water for store of water store of health after the hands the mouth and face must bee washed because they were created after the Image of God and how should the name of God be vttered out of a foule mouth hee must wash ouer a bason not ouer the ground he must drie his face very well for feare of wheales and wrinkles and that with a cleane Towel not with his shirt for this would make them blockish and forgetfull After all this followeth his Brachah or blessing Blessed bee thou O God our God King of the whole world who hast commanded vs to wash our hands Their hands they must alwayes wash on these occasions in the morning at their returne from the stoole from bathing when they haue cut their nayles haue scratched their naked bodie hauing pulled off their shooes with their hands haue touched a dead bodie haue gone amongst the dead haue companied with their wiues or haue killed a louse If hee respect not washing after these if he bee learned he shall forget his learning if vnlearned he shall lose his sense §. II. Of their Zizis and Tephillim and Holy Vestments THey haue a foure-cornered garment which some put on with the rest when they rise others then when they will pray The foure cornered parts thereof are made of linnen silke tyed together with two winding bands of such length that they may draw through their head betwixt them so that those two quadrangular pieces may hang downe one on his brest the other on his backe In euery of those foure corners hangeth a labell made of white woollen threds by a little knot downewards to the ground and the same is foure or eight or twelue fingers broad These labels they call Zizis Those which are deuout weare this garment euery day vnder a long outward coat in such sort that those labels may appeare out a little so that they may alwayes see them as monitories of the Commandements of God When they put them on they praise God that hath commanded them to weare these Zizis Hee say they that keepeth duely this Precept of Zizis doth as much as if hee kept the whole Law for there are in all fiue knots compared to the fiue bookes of Moses eight threds added to them make thirteene And the word Zizis maketh sixe hundred altogether amounting to sixe hunded and thirteene the number as you haue heard of Gods Commandements They ascribe the continencie of Ioseph in Potiphars house and of Boaz when Ruth slept by him to the Zizis May it please your patience a storie out of the Talmud One Rab. Iochanan saw a boxe full of Iewels which one of his Schollers Bar-Emorai purposed to steale but was forbidden by a voyce sounding out of the ayre Let it alone Bar-Emorai for it belongeth to R. Chaninas wife which in the other world shall put into the same violet wooll to make thred for Zizis that of them the iust men there may haue their fringed garments sewed Once hee which weareth this garment without intermission is fortified against the Deuill and all euill Spirits Besides this memorable Vestment they weare a certaine knot neare their nose out of Deut. 6.8 They shall bee frontlets betweene thine eyes They make it thus They take a little blacke foure-square calfe-skin which they fold eight times that it may haue foure double folds and distinct breadths They put into these distinct Scriptures the same being fourefold of parchment These Scriptures are taken out of Exod. 13. and Deut. 6. Then take they haires out of a Cow or Calues tayle and wash them cleane and binde them about those writings of Scripture so that any one may see that they are good by the ends of them appearing out of the skin This skinne they sew with cleane and fine strings taken out of Calues or Kines bodies or made of Bulls sinewes or if such strings cannot bee had with strings of Calue-skin-parchment Then doe they sew a long and blacke thong to that thick hide or skin and knit a knot about it This piece of worke they call Tephillim to put them in minde of often prayer and tye it so about their heads that the thicke knot wherein the Scriptures are may hang betwixt the eyes After this they take another foure-cornered skin which they fold as the former and write certaine verses out of Exodus in parchment and put it into a little hollowed skinne and sew it vpon the thicke-folded skin to which they adde a long thong and call it the Tephillim of the hand This they tye to the bare skin aboue the elbow of the left arme that so that which is written may bee ouer-against the heart which may hereby be the more enflamed to prayer That long string is so fastned that it commeth to the fore-part of the hand thus fulfilling that Commandement The words which I command thee this day shall bee on thine heart and thou shalt tye them for a signe in thy hand They tye on first this Tephillim of the hand and then that of the head and make their brachah or prayer saying Blessed bee thou O God our Lord who hast sanctified vs in thy Commandements and hast commanded vs to put on Tephillim looking while hee speaketh diligently on the knot on his fore-head In folding sewing knitting and tying them they verie subtilly frame the name of God Schaddai Other their manifold ceremonies about these Tephillim I willingly omit Their sanctitie is such that he which weareth them must be pure within and without and if hee lets them fall on the ground all that shall see them so lying must fast with him one whole day they must not bee hanged vp bare but in a bagge nor may they be left in a chamber where a man and his wife lye together except in a triple chest or bagge A man must not sleepe while he hath them on nor may hee breake winde and if he haue list to the stoole he must lay them foure ells from the place of his easement or lay them against his heart in a double bagge Their women seruants and sicke folkes are free from wearing them It is sufficient for women to say Amen to their prayers And all this Moses learned in Mount Sinai §. III. Of their Schoole or Synagogue Rites and their Mattins WEE haue beene tedious in furnishing our Iew to his Mattins at Sun-rising is their houre as you haue heard but their Rabbins haue inlarged and lengthened that time to about nine of the clocke Where many of the Iewes liue together they resort at a set houre to their Synagogue Thither they must
hurle after him a broken sherd signifying that with him all heauinesse should bee expelled and broken When they are come to the place of buriall they say Blessed be GOD which hath formed you with iudgement and iustice hath created fed sustained and at last hath depriued you of life speaking to the dead Hee knoweth the number of you all and will quicken you againe in his time Blessed be God which doth to die and maketh aliue Let the dead liue with my carkasse let them rise againe Awake and reioyce yee that lie in dust because thy dew is the dew of light and the earth shall cast foorth her dead This the Minister sayth alone then he goeth on with a long prayer of three and twenty sentences which the people say after him going about the sepulchre They call this prayer Tzidduck haddin the subiect whereof is the iustice of GOD calling for pardon in the name of Abraham Isaac and Iacob acknowledging that by three things the foundations of the world are founded the Law worship and piety to the dead calling for deliuerance for the bloud of his seruants shed in the 856. yeere for the confession of his holy Name and for the merit of the onely-begotten which was seuen and thirty yeeres old in whose place a Ramme was taken concluding with mention of their Captaines slaine in the 136. yeere Heere they take downe the corps and then the Minister singeth the people following This is the way of the world let him sleepe in peace c. Yee Fathers of the world which sleepe in Hebron open vnto him the gates of the garden of Eden and say His comming be in peace Yee euerlasting hills of the double caue open vnto him the gates of the garden of Eden and bid him welcome Yee Angels of peace go forth to meete him vnlocke to him the gates of Paradise Yee keepers of the treasures of the garden of Eden open the gates and let N. enter enioy the fruites of Paradise good things bee at his right hand pleasant things at his left Heare this O Lord and let his comming be in peace Then lay they him into the ground and his neerest kinsmen cast in the first earth after which they turne to the East with diuers other blessings When they returne they blow themselues backwards three times and throw grasse ouer their heads signifying their hope of the resurrection according to that Es 66.14 and your bones shall bud as the grasse saying also Dust thou art and to Dust thou shalt returne Then doth euery one mutter a Prayer to himselfe as he goeth out of the buriall place In the porch of the Synagogue God shall destroy death for euer say they and wipe away all teares from their eyes and will take away their reproach from all the earth for the Lord hath spoken it Then enter they into the Synagogue and leape vp and downe and change their Seates seuen times and there say ouer their Purgatorie-prayer Kaddisch The Mourners goe bare-foote seuen dayes and eate not Flesh nor drinke Wine except on the Sabbaths and Festiuals They bathe not in three and thirty dayes after cut not their nayles worke not make a pittifull howling c. The first night the Mourner eateth nothing of his owne but meate sent him from his friendes The childe mourneth for his Father a yeere The sonne eleuen moneths saith ouer his Kaddisch for meane sinners are freed sooner but the wicked stay the whole twelue moneths and therefore to persist the twelfth moueth in his prayer should be to acknowledge his father a wicked man And for the effect hereof Rabbi Akibha met once in the way a man with an Asse-like burthen of stickes which vpon examination confessed That hee was a Purgatorie-ghost carrying to burne himselfe such bundles euery day Rabbi Akibha enquired if hee had a Sonne or Wife and where and finding out his sonne taught him this prayer which was so effectuall that in a dreame this Ghost returned to the Rabbi with thankes for his deliuerance and sayd hee was now in Gan Eden or Paradise Rabbi Akibha signified this to the Iewish Synagogues with iniunction to teach their Children this prayer But to returne to our Funerals when they are come backe to the mourning house they wash their hands but obserue not the Mosaicall Rites because the Temple is not standing Then doe they powre out a long blessing ouer a cup of Wine and another ouer their Meate exceeding much longer Their Purgatorie-Prayer or as Genebrard calleth it their Requiem vel libera is this It is better to go into the house of mourning then into the house of feasting in which is the end of all men which let the liuing remember Let vs heare the end Feare GOD and keepe his Commandements this is the dutie of euery man A sure rest in the high habitation vnder the wings of GOD in the degree of the Saints shining as the brightnesse of the skie The change of bonds pardon of sinnes grant of saluation indulgence and mercie from the sight of him which dwels in Heauen and a portion in the life to come there let the portion be and the dwelling of the soule of the wise Master N. The Spirit of the Lord make him to rest in Gan Eden and giue him peace as it is written in Esay Let peace come and let him rest in beds walking before it he and all the deceased of Israel through his mercie Amen They write also on the Tombe Let his soule bee in the Garden of Eden Amen Or Let his soule bee bound in the bundle of life And sometimes Thou art the Tombe of N. which departed into Eden such a day of such a moneth and yeere Thus poore Purgatorie with Iewes and Romists is preached by walking Ghosts They haue a light burning for the dead seuen dayes They powre the water out of the doores because the Angell of Death washed his sword lately vsed in water and enuenometh it This his sword he holdeth in his hand at the beds head hauing on the end thereof three drops of gall The sicke man spying this Deadly Angell openeth his mouth with feare then those drops fall in of which one killeth him the second maketh him pale the third rotteth and putrifieth Elias Leuita addeth that after a man is dead the Angell of Death commeth and sitteth on his Graue and presently the soule entreth into his body and hee maketh him stand on his feet hauing to that purpose in his hand a chayne halfe of yron and halfe of fire wherewith hee striketh him At the first blow his members are dissolued at the second his bones are scattered then come the Angels and gather them at the third hee is brought to dust and ashes and returneth into his Graue And this sayth R. Meir is more grieuous then the iudgement of Hell for the iust and the sonnes of the Princes and abortiues are iudged therewith except they which dye on the Eeuen
of those which haue since succeeded them in habitation in sinne in iudgement And where might wee better stay or what part of the world can yeeld such varietie and multiplicitie of obiects to both the eyes of the minde Curiositie and Deuotion No where such manifold alterations and diuisions of state so diuersified a Map of Nature so multiplied rites of Religion in such differing sects of Heathens Hebrewes Mahumetans Christians No where Antiquitie shewing a grauer countenance no where the Monuments of such mercies the spectacles of such iudgements such consolations such desolations such ambition of Potentates and forraine sutors from the East the West the North the South such Miracles such Oracles such confluence of Pilgrims looking as farre opposite as Sampsons Foxes with as fierie diuisions whether in differing heresies of one or differing names of diuers Deuotions both Catholike and Hereticall Iewes Saracens and Christians concurring in visiting adorning adoring these places with Titles and Rites of Holinesse How often hath this country emtied our Westerne world with Armes and Armies to recouer it and the Easterne in like manner to retaine it How often hath it brought Armies of Angelicall spirits out of the highest Heauens to couer these Hilles with Chariots and Horses of fire round about the holy men of GOD How oft But what speake I of Men or Angels GOD himselfe loued the gates of Sion more then all the dwellings of the world and IESVS CHRIST the Angell of the Couenant true GOD and perfect MAM here was borne here liued practised died ascended and hence he sent his Apostles to bee Fathers of men that the sonnes of men might bee made the heires of GOD co-heires with himselfe After the Iewes for reiecting him were reiected out of both the heauenly and earthly Canaan this countrey was inhabited partly by Roman Colonies there planted for securitie of the countrey by the Roman Emperours partly by such Syrians as submitted themselues peaceably to the Roman Empire both that Ethnike before Constantine and after in farre more flourishing estate vnder the Christian Emperours till the daies of vn-christian Phocas This was the murtherer of Mauritius his Lord the vsurper of the Empire the exalter of the Roman See vnto the Ecclesiasticall Supremacie with as good right as himselfe had to the state a monster of mankinde vnder whom the Empire was neere an vtter ouerthrow as by the Hunnes Auares and other Nations in the West so especially by the Persians in the East whose Emperour Chosroes ouerthrew that Armie which had conspired against Mauricius and in the fourth yeere of Phocas ouer-ranne Mesopotamia and Syria in the next yeere after carried much prey and many captiues out of all Syria Palestina and Phoenicia in the seuenth yeere of his raigne possessed Armenia Galatia Paphlagonia and spoiled all as farre as Chalcedon Yet saith Cedrenus Phocas did more harme at home then the enemy in the field At the same time the Iewes made a commotion at Antioch and slew besides many other Citizens Anastasius the Patriarch in despight also putting his priuitiues in his mouth But the Iewes paid much bloud for this butcherie and Phocas also himselfe the chiefe Butcher was most mercilesly butchered presently after by Heraclius his successour They tell of a Reuelation to a certaine Holy man that GOD had made Phocas Emperour because hee could not finde a worse man by whom to punish that people which I mention that the world might see what a good Mid-wife Rome then in trauel had to helpe her babe Antichrist into the world But to returne to the Storie Heraclius could not withstand the Persian insolence but lost in his first yeere Apamea and Edessa and in the next Caesarea from whence they carried many thousands into captiuitie in the fourth Damascus was taken and in the fifth Ierusalem where by reason of the Iewish crueltie who bought all the Christians they could to slaughter them there were slaine ninetie thousand Zacharias the Patriarch together with the holy Crosse and exceeding store of captiues and spoile were carried into captiuitie The next yeere they ouercame Egypt Africa and Ethiopia Chosroes neglects all ouertures of peace made to him by Heraclius except they would deny their crucified God and worship the Sunne He also caused the Christians in his dominion to become Nestorians the cause perhaps why almost all the farre Easterne Christians to this day are or at least are called Nestorians Against him Heraclius continued a six yeeres expedition in which hee ouerranne his countries ouerthrew his Armies sacked his Cities Castles and Palaces and at last assisted his eldest sonne Siroes whom Chosroes sought to dis-herit against him who tooke him and hauing before exposed him to all contumelious insultations and almost starued him in a darke prison and slaine all his other children in his sight with abominable tyrannie shot his tyrannicall father to death So died Chosroes a successour of Sennacherib in the dominion of many the same countries subiection to the like blasphemous impietie and reward by like parricide Heraclius in the ninteenth yeere of his raigne visiteth Ierusalem restoring the captiued crosse and Patriarch by restitution of Siroes He banished thence all the Iewes prohibiting by Edict that none should come neere it by three miles §. II. Of the Saracens and Turkes in Palestina THe Saracens had done good seruice in rhese wars against the Persians which in the time of Heraclius began a new Religion and Empire vnder Mahomet the founder of both the second after whom Omar ouerthrew Theodorus the brother of Heraclius in battell and after him another Theodorus and Boanes his Generals forced the Emperour to abandon Syria carrying the holy crosse from Ierusalem to Constantinople In the 26. of Heraclius hee entred Ierusalem hypocritically and pseudoprophetically clothed in a homely garment of Camels haire and sought out the place of Salomons Temple there to erect another subduing soone after the whole Persian State and a great part of the Roman Anno Dom. 641. did Homar build his Temple at Ierusalem with incredible costs in matter and workmanship enriching the same with many and large possessions and reuenues in the Musaike worke of the inner and outward part thereof expressing in Arabike letters the Author time and charges of the building The forme whereof is thus described by William Archbishop of Tyrus The Church-yard was square about a bow-shot in length and bredth compassed with a high wall hauing on the West square two gates one on the North and another on the East on the South was the Palace On euery of these gates and on the corners were high steeples on which at certaine houres the Priests after the Saracenicall manner called them to prayers In this compasse none were suffered to dwell nor to enter but with bare and washed feet Porters being assigned to that purpose In the midst of this square was another somewhat higher whereto they ascended by staires in two places on the West
the next Chalife enioyed it but nine moneths his sonne Almostancer Byla seuenteene yeeres in whose time the Mogoles or Tartarians wanne some Prouinces but by him were diuers time defeated Almostacem or Musteatzem Byla Abdula was the fiftie eight others reckon but fiftie foure and the last of the Chalifaes of Bagadet the thirtie seuen of this family which had commanded about fiue hundred twentie three yeeres in the Persian Chronicles of Mirkond and others esteemed as Kings thereof Hee dyed A. H. 655. I confesse Zacuth and Mirkond doe not fully agree in names times and relations nor yet much disagree I haue heere most obserued the later as the larger Not long before one Bada professing himselfe a Prophet sent of GOD had of the scumme of all Nations gathered an Armie wherewith hee committed much excesse and slaughter in Asia both of Iewes and Christians In the time of this last Chalife the Tartar King Chita made his brother Halacho King of Irak and Mesopotamia who besieged and sacked Bagded and slew Musteatzem This Chalipha was starued by his commandement in the middest of his treasures because hee would not employ the same through niggardise for his owne defence From that time there hath been no Chaliph saith this Arabian Historie in Bagdet In him ended the Abasian line of which had beene fiue and thirtie Chaliphaes §. IIII. Of their Titles Greatnesse and Learning AFter Mahumet or Muhammed the false Prophet the first Captaines of warre were called Emirelmumenim that is to say Praefecti orthodoxorum the Captaines of the Sound-beleeuers and after because vnder cloake of Religion they seized on the Primacie and tyrannie spirituall and temporall they named themselues Caliphes that is Vicars Bedwell interprets successours The first Emirelmumenim was Abubecher When by his successours Gouernours were sent into Spaine and Africa they for a time held the same as Deputies although to their power nothing lacked but the Tytle of a King yet they professed to doe all in the name of the Emirelmumenim vntill afterwards they tooke that Tytle also themselues and became absolute Whence all the pettie Kings of Spaine and the African Potentates were called Emireelmumenim and the Kings of Barbarie are so stiled at this day euen as the French King is called Christianissimus the Spaniard Catholicus The Legats of the Chalipha were called Naibin which also signifieth the same that Chalipha but this was made peculiar to those Saracen tyrants which vsed both Swords to speake in the Romish language supreame in matters Diuine and Humane Thus obserueth Ioseph Scaliger of these names whereby appeareth that Emire elmumenim was not giuen onely to Abedramon and his successours in Africa as is before obserued out of Curio Beniamin Tudelensis nameth the Chaliph which in his time ruled in Bagded Amir Almumanin Alghabassi which Montanus translateth The Prince of the beleeuers which liue in penance or heauinesse But I rather encline to Mr. Seldens coniecture that it is Emirelmumenim of the Abazian race or kindred for so Beniamin adds after that the proper name of this great King was Al-ghabassi Hhaphtsi whom I take to bee the same which is before called Moktaphi the first sillable in that name being common as you see to many of them and Ktaphi or Chaphtsi not so vnlike as many names proue in their transmigration from one language to another He reports that he had a Palace of three miles compasse within the Citie within which was a wood or groue of Trees of all sorts both barren and bearing Beasts also of all sorts for game and in the middest thereof a great lake with plentie of Fish neither wanted there Fowles for varietie of disport He was skilfull of the Hebrew and well respected that Nation He had imposed this rule on himselfe not to vse any meate or apparell which hee had not first earned to which purpose hee made fine Mattes which being sealed with his owne Seale were by his Courtiers solde the great men buying them for their vse None of the Ismaelites so he calleth the Mahumetans might see his face and the Pilgrimes which came from Mecca in the Land of Eliman and passing this way desired to see him vsed to enter the Palace and there cryed out O Lord Light of the Ismaelites and Sun-beame of our Law shew vs the brightnesse of thy face But hee answered them nothing as not seeming to regard them Then his Courtiers and great Attendants sued for them saying O our Lord spread thy peace ouer these men which come from farre Countries c. Then would hee let out at the window a skirt of his garment which they deuoutly kissed and when one of those great men had said Goe in peace returned full of gladnesse to their home where they were receiued almost with veneration for so happie an exploit Euery of the Princes which attended on him had their seuerall Palaces within the great Palace and were duely obserued wearing also yron chaynes because they had once conspired to set vp his brother But they had the reuenues of Townes and Cities belonging to them brought them by their Officers notwithstanding Thus did hee conserue his Maiestie with the people and securitie with his owne I omit the Edifices and pillars of gold and siluer adorned with Gemmes which he mentioneth in that Palace Out of which the Chaliph came but once in the yeere in the moneth Ramadan or their Easter solemnitie at which time they resorted thither out of farre Countries to see him as if hee had beene Mahomet He was then carryed on a Mule royally apparelled and crowned with a Diadem of vnspeakable price on which he ware a blacke cloth in token that the day of death would obscure all that pompe and splendor The Princes of Arabia Media Persia Tuboth did attend him and thus he went to the great Temple built in the gate Bosra The people men and women all cloathed in silke purple salute him Peace be on thee our Lord King He resaluting them with his hand or mouing his garment Being thus conueyed to the Porch with musicke also of all kindes and dances he ascendeth a Tower of wood and there maketh a Sermon of his Law the wise-men of the Ismaelites applauding his learning the people answering Amen After this hee giueth them all his blessing and a Camell is brought to him which hee killeth for the Paschall Feast and causeth the Princes to distribute pieces of the flesh of the beast which himselfe had slaine this they esteeme a great gift This done they depart the King returning by another way by the bankes of Tygris alone the Princes passing in the Riuer vnto the Palace Hee had built a Palace on the other side of Tygris on a branch of Euphrates which floweth by one side of the Citie in which hee had raysed great Houses Hospitals for the sicke and for the poore and for mad men with all prouision for them at his charge This I haue beene bold to
seuen gates thereof c. where as in the place fittest for him wee will leaue him The booke of the vertues of Mahomet saith That in glorying of his strength hee would boast that hee had knowne his eleuen wiues successiuely in one houre One of their Chronicles telleth of his Martiall affaires This Chronicle reckoneth from Adam to Noe one thousand two hundred fortie and two yeeres From thence to Abraham one thousand and fourescore Hence to Moses fiue hundred and fifteene After him to Dauid fiue hundred threescore and nine and from this time to Christ one thousand three hundred and fiftie from whence to Mahomet is numbred six hundred and twentie in all fiue thousand three hundred threescore and sixteene from Adam to Mahomet All the Prophets were in number an hundred and twentie thousand and the Messengers of GOD three hundred and fifteene whereof Adam Seth Esdrik Noe Abraham were Hebrewes Huth Schale Ishmael Schaib Mahomet were Arabians If this Historie of Mahomets life be long and tedious I thought good out of an Arabian Chronicle to adde this Epitome thereof His Mother dyed in a iourney to Mecca when he was fourescore yeeres old and his Nurse restored him to his Grand-father Abdalmutalif with whom hee liued eight yeeres The Seraphim preserued him but was neuer seene After that Gabriel was his Guardian of whom hee receiued the Law which he kept close three yeeres communicating it onely to some of his owne opinion by whose helpe hee became Priest and Prince of the Arabians and Saracens and about eighteene moneths after was carried into Heauen and being returned into the Earth he tooke Eubocara Ali and Zaid to be his companions in this enterprise He went to Zaif or Atharf and preached publikely and thence to Mecca ten yeeres going from place to place And of his Conuerts he chose some for guard of his Person who sware the obseruance of his Law to the number of fortie who now with Word now with the Sword set forward this Doctrine After ten yeeres Mecca was peopled onely with beleeuers and all Arabia was conuerted without difficultie Then hee sent to the neighbouring Kings to become of his Religion to the King of Persia to the Roman Emperour to King Cinna to the Lord of the two Seas to the King of Aethiopia c. After he returned to Ietrib and on Tuesday the twelfth of Rab in the eleuenth yeere dyed His Sepulture was appointed by GOD in the house of Aisca his Wife in the chamber where hee was wont to sleepe where at this day is a Temple of bricke His bodie was wrapped in three white clothes without any pompe His seale was a siluer Ring with this inscription Mahomet the Messenger of God He went twise on Pilgrimage and nineteene times conducted an Armie The place of his buriall is at Medina surnamed of him Talnabi that is of the Prophet not as some write at Mecca Neither doth his corps hang in the ayre by force of Load-stones drawing vp his yron Coffin or Chest but lieth buried in the ground if any where as Ludouicus Verttomannus by his owne view hath obserued Of this place and of Mecha we shall speake more in relating the Rites of the Pilgrims that visit them Some relate otherwise of the death of Mahomet as that hee dyed at fortie yeeres of age being poysoned by one of his disciples called Albunor to make triall of his boasting Prophesie that he would rise againe within three daies after his death This Albunor after comming to see him found his bodie torne in pieces and deuoured of dogs whereupon gathering together the bones that remained into a Coffin hee caused them to bee buried Which in my minde is not so probable as the former report The day of his death Scaliger accounteth the tenth yeere of the Hogira on Munday the twelfth of Rabie 1. or rather the euening before that is the sixteenth of Iune in the yeere of our Lord 631. and was borne the fifth of May An. Dom. 570. on the same day and moneth sixtie three Arabike yeeres before Vnto this which hath been spoken I haue thought good to adde out of Arabike Authors collected by Gabriel and Iohn the Maronites this which followeth Mahomed was borne at Mecca and in the fortieth yeere of his age and as Ben-Casem hath in the 933. of Alexander the Great began to vtter his doctrine first priuily after that publikely whereupon hee was banished the Citie in the fiftie two of his life or according to Abdillatif Ben-Iusof the fiftie three and fled to Iathreb from which flight which they call Hegeraton or Hegera which hapned A. B. 622. or thereabouts And although this yeere 1623. bee to them 1032. Yet because they reckon according to the yeeres of the Moone which they say consist of three hundred fiftie foure dayes the Moones course hath in this space exceeded that of the Sunne some moneths aboue thirtie one yeeres Whereupon their moneths are vncertaine In this Citie by subtile hypocrisies Mahomed became Politicall and Ecclesiasticall Prince and beganne to procure the friendship of many and to promulgate his lawes by degrees In the second yeere of his flight he enacted his lawes of Fasting in the third forbade wine and swines-flesh and so proceeded with the rest that within eight yeeres hee brought into subiection Mecca whence he had beene expulsed and Muna and went forward with his law and conquest As concerning his wiues Ben-Casem saith he had foure hee is also reported to haue many harlots and concubines and in this Chapiter Surato-lbaqra or de vacea hee bids them marrie one two three or foure wiues a man and to take as many concubines as they are able to keepe Ben-Sidi Ali saith That he gloried that he had the power of ten Prophets in copulation giuen him by God yea he ascribed all his villanies to God by ministerie of the Angell Gabriel His first wife was named Chodaige by whom he had two sonnes and foure daughters Zainab Fatema whom Ali married Om Kalihum the third and Rakia the fourth both which Abu-beer married His second wife was Aifee daughter of Aba-Becr the first Chalifa which was but six yeeres old Ben-Casem is our Author when Mohamed tooke her to wife the Moslemans call her The Mother of the faithfull who besides the knowledge of tongues perused diligently the Arabike histories loued exceedingly and alway praised Mohamed The third was named Mary which brought forth to Mohamed Ebrahim sirnamed Casem whence Mohamed is often called Abulcasem though Ben-Abdilatif will haue Ebrahim to be one and Casem another but Ben-Casem saith he had but three sons of which Ebrahim Casem dyed at eighteene moneths and Taiheb and Taher his sonnes by Codaigre dyed both in their cradles Mohameds last wife was Zainab whom also they call the Mother of the faithfull before the wife of Zaid Ben-Harteh Mohameds Master who diuorced her whereupon Mohamed gladly tooke her to wife He had foure Councellors or
the memorie of his owne designes occasioned so by the sword and fire it may be rooted out of the world againe The first Surat or Chapiter which is the Pater noster or daily prayer of the Muhamedans I will transcribe out of Erpenius called by them Opening as before is said and the Mother of the booke foundation treasure and perfection In the name of God the shower of mercie mercifull Praise to God the Lord of the Creatures the shewer of mercie mercifull the King of the day of Iudgement Wee worship thee and we call vpon thee Direct vs into the right way the way of them who are gracious towards them without anger against them and not them which erring not Amen The Copies of the Alcaron were diuers and after Mahomets death made if it could be worse at least otherwise then he left them For Hali had one Copie left him by Mahomet which the Iewes corrupted adding racing changing at their pleasure and promised him their assistance if hee would professe himselfe a Prophet But Ozimen commanded all the Bookes to be brought and deliuered into the hands of Zeidi and Abdalla to bring all into one booke and where they dissented to reade after the Copie of Corais and to burne all the rest They thus composed the Alcoran whereof they left foure Copies which after were lost And yet Hali Abitalib and Ibenmuzod then refused to deliuer their Bookes Whereupon arose diuers Readings and afterward diuers Schismes which to compound others often endeuoured by like labours after but could not throughly perfect the same Neither doth that which we haue translated agree with those things which Frier Richard and others cite out of it in their confutations thereof The truth thereof is such in his deuisings of new and seeking and altering the old that it is not probable in Viues opinion that euer hee read the Old and New Testament For saith he though I thinke of him exceeding badly yet thinke I him not so mad to change and wrest the Scripture there especially where it made nothing against him but he had partly heard of such things partly was so perswaded by his fellowes Apostata-Iewes and Christians This riming harsh confused packing worke disagreeing each Copie from other and all from truth and honestie hath beene translated into Latine once by an English man Robertus Retinensis and after by Ioannes Segobiensis a Spaniard at the Councell of Constance and after out of Arabian into Italian published by Andraea Ariuabene The first and last of these that of Robert of Reading and the Italian translations are here by vs followed For the Arabike I vnderstand not nor can warrant this when so great a man as Scaliger findeth great fault with it He that vndertooke to mend the Latine stile marred the sense and the Italian beguileth the world in professing to haue translated out of the Arabike Thus Scaliger who mentioneth another translation then in hand which we are almost out of hope to see In the meane while such as we haue we giue to you It containeth Chapters or Azoara's 124. euery of them beginning In the name of the mercifull and pittifull God Euthymius Zigabenus mentioneth but 113. Mr. Bedwel saith that all the Arabike copies which euer hee saw whether written in the East or West amongst the Moores in Barbarie doe constantly with one consent reckon 114. The reason of this difference is this some Interpreters doe not account the first for any Chapiter but make it a kinde of Preface Robert of Reading of the second Chapter maketh foure of the third three of the fourth foure of the fifth two of the sixth three The first of these are the words of Mahomet and is called the Mother of the Booke and is as it were their Creede the rest are all deliuered as the words of GOD hee being induced as speaker The first is in this sense In the name of the mercifull and pittifull God Thankes bee vnto God the Lord of the World mercifull pittifull Iudge of the day of Iudgement Wee pray vnto thee wee trust in thee Lead vs into the right way the way of them whom thou hast chosen not of them with whom thou art angrie and of the Infidels Postellus thus translateth it In the name of God mercifull pittifull Praise bee to God King of the World mercifull and pittifull King of the day of Iudgement O let vs serue him and wee shall bee helped Direct vs in the right point the point of them with whom thou art well pleased without anger against them and they shall not erre This prayer is saith hee as common to them as the Lords Prayer to vs and is so ouer and ouer with battologies by some of them repeated that they will say ouer the same word or two or three words an hundred times saying Alhamdu lillah hamdu lillah hamdu lillah and so on with these and the other words in like manner And thus doth the Priest in their publike prayers which they say supplieth the defects of such as are negligent in praying some will say and repeat it in the fields till with wearinesse they fall downe Others with wheeling about their bodies till they be besides themselues and then in imitation of Mahomet vtter some ridiculous obscure phantasticall speeches They diuide it into seuen periods which they cal miracles as they are here by the points That which is before them In the name c. Mahomet vsed to vtter alwayes when hee arose from his sicknesse or traunce and therefore is prefixed to all the Chapters and by deuout Authors also in the beginning of their Philosophicall workes By these words the point and the right point they vnderstand the Alcoran Now let vs see the Doctrine contained in this booke which with much labour I haue thus reduced into Theologicall heads reducing that which therein is confusedly heaped and handled in diuers places to this Method naming the Chapter or Azoara where the Reader may finde each sentence §. II. The Doctrine of the ALCORAN brought into common Places OF GOD he writeth that he is One necessary to all incorporeall which neither hath begotten nor is begotten nor hath any like him the Creator long-suffering searcher of the heart true That he will confound inchantments that without his gift none can beleeue this his Alcoran that hee hath no sonne for hee needeth nothing and he which setteth a second in the place of GOD shall goe into hell Az. 31. and he hath no partaker 32. yet in Azoar 67. hee induceth God speaking thus To Christ the sonne of Marie wee haue giuen the Gospell that by him men may obtaine the loue and fauour of GOD and that the beleeuers amongst them Christians shall receiue a great reward as also in Az. 2. he saith Euery one whosoeuer liueth rightly be he Iew or Christian or if he leaueth his owne Law and embrace another if hee worship GOD and doe good shall vndoubtedly
after held cruell fight with twelue great Gallies full of Ianizaries and choice men whom he ouerthrew and tooke But the Ianizaries that were left cast their Scimaters ouer-boord least such choice weapons should come to the Christians hands Solyman conuerting his forces against the Venetians for the indignities mentioned had almost fallen into the hands of the Mountaine-Theeues which liued in the Acroceranian Hills who in a strange resolution had conspired to kill him in his Tent and had almost to the wonder of the world in a night by vnknowne wayes suddenly effected it had not the cracking of a bough discouered their Captaine who in a tree was taking view of the Campe how to bring to passe his desperate designes This their Captaine by name Damianus was after confession hereof torne in pieces and those wilde Mountainers liuing on robberie without Law or Religion were like wilde beasts hunted to destruction The Turkes inuaded Corfu whence they carried sixteene thousand of the Islanders captiues They likewise in their returne committed great spoyle in Zante and Cythera sacked Aegina Paros and other Ilands in the Archipelago bringing Naxos vnder tribute Barbarussa sacked Botrotus a Venetian Citie The like did Vstrif to Obroatium and the Castle of Nadin Nauplium also and Epidaurus were besieged But Ferdinand who had entituled himselfe King of Hungarie after Lewis his death receiued a greater disgrace in Hungarie by the Turkish forces then befell the Venetians in all their losses Cazzianer the Generall of the Christians shamefully flying and betraying his associates to the Turkish crueltie The next yeere 1538. Barbarussa chaseth the Christian Fleet in which the Emperours Venetians and the Popes forces were ioyned In the yeere 1541. Solyman againe inuadeth Hungarie professing himselfe Protector of the young King which Iohn late King of Hungarie who had held long warres with Ferdinand about that Title had left behinde him his heire and successor But vnder colour of protection hee maketh himselfe Lord of Buda the chiefe Citie turning the Cathedrall Church into a Meschit and maketh Hungarie a Turkish Prouince bestowing Transyluania and what he pleased on the Orphan Two yeeres after he reentereth Hungarie and taketh Strigonium turning the Christian Temples into Mahumetan sacrificing there for his victorie as he had done at Buda Hee entred also into Alba Regalis where the Hungarian Kings lye entombed another chiefe Citie of that Kingdome and slew the Magistrates I speake not all this while of the spacious Countries in Africa which from the Riuer Muluia hee added to his Dominions the Kingdomes of Algier Tremisen Tunes Tripoly c. being annexed to his Turkish Soueraigntie Howbeit Tunes by ayde of Charles the Emperour somewhat recouered her selfe but breathed out againe her last gaspe of libertie in the daies of Selym his sonne And thus was Solyman victorious and happy otherwhere victorious and vnhappy when he was forced to darreine battell against his owne bowels and hauing murthered Mustapha his eldest sonne the hopefullest branch in Turkish estimation that euer grew out of the Ottoman stocke hee warred against Baiazet another of his sonnes whom with foure of his children he procured to be done to death in Persia And after much domesticall trouble in his seuenth Expedition into Hungarie his Fleet in the siege of Malta being before with great disgrace repulsed he dyed at the siege of Zigeth the fourth of September 1566. §. II. Of SELIM the second and AMVRATH the third SELYM the onely sonne which the bloudie father had left aliue succeeded in the Throne not in the prowesse and valour of his father Neither hath any Turkish Sultan since his dayes led their forces in person but committed it to their Deputies and Generals except once when Mahomet the third had almost lost his Armie and himselfe Yet did this Selym by his Bassaes make him Lord of Cyprus and also of the Kingdome of Tunis But this sweet meate was sourely sauced by his exceeding losse in the Sea-fight betwixt Hali Bassa Admirall of the Turkes and Don Iohn of Austria Generall of the Fleet set forth by the Pope Spaniard and Venetian 1571. wherein an hundred threescore and one Gallies were taken fortie sunke or burnt and of Galliots and other small vessels were taken about threescore The Turkish Admirall was then slaine Wittily did a Turke descant vpon this losse of the Turkes and their gaine of Cyprus comparing this to the shauing of a mans beard which would grow againe that to the losse of an arme which once cut off cannot bee renued Lastly Tunes came in and Selym went out of this Turkish Soueraigntie both in manner together 1574. Amurath his heire began his Empire with the slaughter of his fiue brethren The mother of Solyman one of that number slew herselfe with a dagger for anguish of that losse He in viewing a new Gally by the breach of a Peece hardly escaped death thirtie of his company being slaine And because the Plague was exceeding hot hee by deuotion sought to appease diuine anger and therefore prohibited all vse of Sodomie Blasphemie and Polygamie and himselfe put out fiue hundred women out of his Seraile In a priuate habite hee visited the Markets and hanged vp the hoorders of corne He by the Tartars inuaded Polonia and Henry of France secretly leauing that Kingdome of Polonia hee wrote vnto him to chuse Stephen Battor for their King in which letters he called himselfe God of the Earth Gouernour of the whole World Messenger of God and faithfull seruant of the great Prophet which wrought so much with the Nobilitie that either they would not or durst not doe otherwise howsoeuer Maximilian had beene before by many of them chosen Tamas the Persian at the same time dying bequeathed his Crowne to Ismael his sonne whom Aidere his brother seeketh to depriue but is therefore himselfe depriued of that ambitious head which he sought to adorne with the Crowne and Ismael adding the slaughter of eight his younger brethren ascendeth the Throne which together with his life hee lost by vnnaturall trecherie of Periaconcona his sister the foure and twentieth of Nouember 1577. Mahomet his brother succeeded in this troublesome State which Amurath the Turke in these troubled waters thought fit time for himselfe to fish for Hereunto also helped the hatred and ciuill broyles in Persia for the head of Periaconcona presented to Mahomet with the haire disheuelled on a Launce and for other vncouth and bloudie spectacles Sahamal and Leuent Ogli two Georgian Lords seeking also innouations Amurath therefore in the yeere 1578. sent Mustapha Bassa which had lately conquered Cyprus with an Army of an hundred and tenne thousand into Persia who in the first battell he had with them slew fiue thousand and tooke three thousand Persians and to strike that Nation with terrour commanded a bulwarke to be framed of those heads but by an exceeding tempest which lasted foure dayes together whereby the Heauens seemed to melt themselues in teares for
Commander those horses are sadled the contrary way and richly furnished hauing certaine things hanged at their noses which cause them to neigh as it were lamenting the losse of their Master They carry also the truncheons of their Lances with their Standards and Ensignes trailing along the ground There are planted also about their Sepulchres violets and other pleasant flowers The common sort haue their Tombes of Marble engrauen with letters When they are come to the place with those sheets they let the corps into the graue couering him on euery side with boords only on the face they lay a little earth and there leaue him and returne home where they finde store of cheere there make a prayer for his soule Georgiouitz saith that they make ouer the graue the forme of an Altar lest the beasts should goe ouer it and defile it They also often repaire thither with teares and set on the Monument flesh bread wheat egs milke c. which is done for the dead mans soule in almes to the poore or to the birds or ants which they also account an act of mercy no lesse meritorious then the other The Priests haue fiue aspers a piece giuen them for their paines And if the partie be poore they gather money to pay the Priests and to discharge the funeralls They weare blacks eight dayes in token of mourning and those that are of great account three dayes at which time the friends of the dead assemble and vsing some words of mutuall consolation from thenceforth resume their wonted habite Howbeit their kindred specially of the female sexe often repaire to the graues to lament there Bellonius in his Obseruat obserueth that they sew not the sheet at the head nor at the feet The reason is their dreame of certaine Angels sent in commission presently after the buriall to examine the deceased partie into whom they say GOD hath then put a new spirit These Angels Menauino cals Nechir Remonchir who come with dreadful countenances and burning fire-brands and examine him of his life which if they finde wicked they scourge him with fierie whips if good they become goodly Angels and comfort him Bellonius a little otherwise telleth that those Angels which hee calleth Guanequir and Mongir come the one with an yron hammer the other with a hooke which set the corps vpon his knees and put a new soule into it and then aske if he haue beleeued Mahomet and obserued his precepts if hee haue done good workes kept their Lent paied his Tithes giuen Almes Of which if hee can giue good account they depart from him and two other Angels come in their places white as snow and one of them puts his armes in stead of a pillow vnder his head the other sits at his feet and defends him vntill the day of Iudgement But if hee satisfie not the demands of those blacke Angels hee with the yron mallet strikes him at one blow there with nine fadome vnder the ground and neither of them ceaseth the one with his hammer the other with his hooke to torment the deceased partie vntill the day of Iudgement For this cause the Turkes write vpon the dead carkasses the name Croco and make their Sepulchres hollow that they may haue roome to kneele and some lay boords ouer that no earth fall in The feare hereof makes them in their morning praier to say Lord God from the questioning of the two Angels the torment of the graue and euill iourney deliuer me Amin. Yea hence are the praiers which the Turkes men and women say at the graues of the dead for deliuerie from these Angels Concerning the day of Iudgement they hold that there is an Angel standing in Heauen named Israphil holding alway a Trumpet in his hand prepared against Gods command to sound the consummation of the World For at the sound thereof all Men and Angels shall die for so they finde it written in their Curaam which Booke is of high authoritie with them The Turkish Doctors would dissent from that opinion of the Angels mortalitie if this Booke would giue them leaue for to contradict the authoritie thereof is punished with fire or else their tongues are pulled out of their heads They hold that after this dismall sound shall bee a great Earthquake which shall tumble the Mountaines and Rockes from their places and grinde them to meale After this God will returne to make anew the light and the Angels as before and will cause to fall a pleasant raine called Rehemet sui that is the raine of mercie and so shall the earth remaine fortie dayes although those dayes shall bee of a larger size then these Many also hold that from thenceforth there shall bee no darknesse of the night as now but that it shall be most cleere neither shall there need any more sleepe for the sustentation of our bodies After fortie dayes God will command Israphil to sound his Trumpet the second time at which found all the dead shall bee raised againe by the will of God the dead euen from Abel to the end of the world throughout all the earth hearing the sound thereof and rising in manner as they were buried Amongst them shall be seene diuers faces and countenances some shining as the Sunne many like the Moone many as the Starres Others shall bee obscure and darke and others with hogges faces with swolne tongues Then shall euerie one crie Nessi Nessi that is Woe is me wretch who haue suffered my selfe to be ouercome with my filthy lusts The Angels shall with their fingers point at the faces which shine which are they that haue wrought good workes and shall shew them to one another The wicked shall haue enuy thereat They say that those with faces like hogs are such as haue beene Vsurers and those with the swolne tongues Liers and Blasphemers There shall be other trodden vnder foot to wit the proud persons of this world God say they will then demand account of the Kings Princes Emperors and Tyrants which vse oppression and violence Then shal God diuide this raised company into seuentie parts all which shall be examined presenting their sins before their eyes and all that they haue in this world done well or ill whereto hee shall need no testimony euerie member bearing witnesse against it selfe of the deeds yea and very thoughts There shall be also Michael the Angel holding in his hand the ballance of diuine Iustice and shal weigh soules and distinguish the good from the bad There shal be Moses with his Standard vnder which shall all the obseruers of his law bee assembled Neere to him shall be Iesus Christ the Sonne of the Virgin Mary with another great Standard and all his Christians the obseruers of his Faith On the other side shall be Mahomet with his Standard and faithfull Mahumetans they which haue done good shall be all gathered vnder the said Standards where they shall haue a pleasant shaddow the rest
setled Empire an honour giuen after by the Easterne world to Alexander in like manner The Babylonian Kingdome was thus diuided and giuen to the Medes and Persians first to Darius by bloud and descent a Mede and after by conquest to Cyrus a Persian We haue large Fragments of Ctesias who was present in the battell betweene Artaxerxes and Cyrus as was Xenophon also who hath written the same at large collected and reserued by Photius who saith hee had read foure and twentie Bookes of this Ctesias his Persica in which hee much differeth from the reports of Herodotus professing that hee had either seene those things which hee writeth or receiued them of the Persians themselues He affirmeth that Astygas so he calleth Astyages was nothing of kinne to Cyrus but being by him conquered was first imprisoned and after inlarged and kindly intreated Cyrus taking his daughter Amytis her husband Spytama being slaine to his wife He subdued the Bactrians and tooke Amorges King of the Sacae prisoner But his wife Sparethra with an Army of three hundred thousand men and two hundred thousand women came against Cyrus and taking him and Parmyses the brother of Amytis prisoners in exchange of them redeemed her husband Amorges after this helped Cyrus in his warres against Croesus who the Citie being taken and his sonne which had beene giuen in hostage slaine before his face fled vnto Apollos Temple whence by Magicall illusions he made an escape and being taken againe and bound faster his bands with thunder and lightning were loosed whereupon Cyrus freed him and gaue him the Citie Barene neere to Ecbatana Cyrus after that warred against the Derbices who by the helpe of the Indians and Elephants ouerthrew Cyrus who receiued there a wound by an Indian whereof hee three dayes afterwards died But by helpe of Amorges the Derbices were ouercome and their King Amoraeus slaine with his two sonnes Cyrus before his death made Cambyses his eldest sonne his heire and Tanyoxarces his younger Lord of the Bactrians Choramnians and Parthians and set Spytades sonne of Spytama ouer the Derbices He reigned thirtie yeeres §. II. Of the succession of CYRVS and of CAMBYSES CAMBYSES Ctesias addeth in his twelfth Booke sent his fathers bodie into Persia He warred vpon Egypt and sent Amyrtaeus the King with sixe thousand Egyptians Captiues into Susa hauing slaine fiftie thousand Egyptians and lost seuen thousand and two Persians In the meane time Sphendadates one of the Magi being corrected by Tanyoxarees for some offence accused him to Cambyses his brother who caused him to die with a draught of Buls bloud deceiuing his mother and his brothers followers as if hee had put the Magus to death for that slander And so neerely did they resemble each other that Sphendadates was sent to the Bactrians where fiue yeeres after the mysterie of this iniquitie was detected by Tybetheus an Eunuch by him chastened vnto Amitis who when shee could not obtaine him of Cambyses to punishment poysoned her selfe Cambyses after hee had reigned eighteene yeeres died at Babylon of a wound which he had receiued in his thigh by whitling a sticke to passe away the time hauing receiued before direfull presages of this disaster in his sacrifice not bleeding and Roxane bringing him forth a sonne without a head Bagapates and Artasyras his chiefe Eunuches procured the Kingdome to the Magus reigning with the name of Tanyoxarces till Ixabates detected him who fleeing into a Temple was drawne thence and slaine But seuen chiefe men Onophas Idernes Norodabates Mardonius Barises Ataphernes and Darius sonne of Hystaspes conspired against the Magus and by the helpe of Artasyras and Bagapates slew him in his bed-chamber hauing reigned seuen moneths ordaining the solemne festiuall Magaphonia in remembrance thereof Darius being mounted to the Throne by the neighing of his Horse as these Princes had before agreed built him a Sepulchre in his life time in a Hill which when hee would haue seene the Chaldaeans forbade him and his parents curious of that sight were let downe by the Priests with ropes but they terrified by the sudden sight of Serpents let goe their hold and Darius for that losse of his parents slaine in the fall cut off the heads of the Priests in number fortie He marched with eight hundred thousand men into Europe against the Scythians but returning with losse dyed after hee had reigned one and thirtie yeeres But before we follow Ctesias any further let vs see what the common report by Herodotus and others hath deliuered of these proceedings and let the iudicious Reader chuse whom hee wil embrace Scaliger and others rather follow Herodotus who relateth of Cambyses that succeeding his father hee tooke and after slew Psammenitus King of Egypt And when hee would haue added Aethiopia to his new Conquests with the spoiles of the Temple of Ammon for which purposes he sent two Armies the one was almost consumed with famine the beasts and prouisions failing and that barren desart denying grasse the remainder by consuming one another were a strange remedie preserued from consumption euery tenth man being by lot tythed to the shambles and more returning to their fellowes mawes then on their owne legs The other Armie was quite buryed in the sands At his returne finding the Egyptians solemnizing the feast of their Idoll Apis hee slew the same it was a Bull which they worshipped and after dreaming that Smerdis reigned hee sent and slew his brother which was so called in vaine seeking to frustrate this presage which was fulfilled in another of that name He fell in loue with his sister and asking whether it were lawfull for him to marry her the Iudges whose authoritie with the Persians lasted with their liues answered that they had no such law but they had another that the King of Persia might doe what him liked whereupon hee marryed her His crueltie appeared in that Prexaspes presuming to admonish him of his too much inclination to drunkennesse he answered he should see proofe of the contrary and presently sending for Prexaspes his sonne with an arrow shot him to the heart the father not daring but to commend his steadie hand and Art in shooting He dyed of his owne sword which falling out of his scabberd as hee mounted his horse killed him not fearing in this Countrey of Syria any such disaduenture because the Oracle of Latona in Egypt had told him he should dye at Ecbatana which he vnderstood of Media and was fulfilled at another Ecbatana more obscure in Syria Hee caused a Iudge which had beene corrupted with money to be flayed and made of his skin a couering for the Tribunall Polyoenus tels That against the Egyptians hee vsed this stratageme to set the gods dogs cats sheepe c. in the fore-front of his battell He neither deserued nor obtained that honourable funerall which Cyrus had who was buryed at Pasargadae a Tower shadowed with trees hauing in the vpper part a Chappell furnished with a
and others attribute this to Guine and say that these slaues became his disciples first and after Souldiers to his sonne Aidar against the Christian Georgians This Aider Erdebil or after Iouius Harduelles forsaking as some say the world led a streight life in continency and austerity and was therefore admired as a Prophet and resorted to out of all parts of Armenia and Persia comming to Tauris to see him Hee inueighed against the common opinion concerning Mahomets successors as Guine and Sophi had done shutting vp heauen to all sauing Hali his followers For so the Persians vse to say in their prayers Cursed be Ebubeker Omar and Osman GOD be fauourable to Hali and well pleased with him Vsuncassan moued with his fame gaue him in mariage his daughter Martha begot of the Christian Lady Despina daughter of Calo Ioannes Emperour of Trapezond both of them by this alliance strengthning themselues against the Turke Aidar had by this Martha Ismael whom she trayned vp in the principles of Christian Religion Iacob successor of Vsuncassan iealous of the multitude of Aidars disciples and the greatnesse of his fame caused him to be secretly murthered persecuting all his professed followers with fire and sword Ismael then a child fled into Hyrcania to one Pyrchales a friend of his fathers who afterwards ayded him to the recouering of his patrimonie Boterus saith that Iacob after the murther of Aidar committed his two sonnes Ismael and Solyman to Amanzar a Captayne of his to be conueyed to Zalga a strong mountaynie place but he brought them vp liberally with his owne children and in his last sicknesse gaue them horse and two hundred Ducats with aduice to repaire to their mother where taking vpon him the protection of the sect of Hali and the reuenge of his fathers death his enterprises succeeded prosperously Giouan Maria Angiolelio saith that Iacob being poysoned 1485. the Signiorie was possessed by a kinseman of Iacobs called Iulauer after whose three yeeres raigne succeeded Baysingir two yeeres after Rustan seuen yeares who sent Solimanbec against Sechaidar the father of Ismael who made challenge to the State in right of his wife the daughter of Vsuncassan who slew him in the field Rustan would also haue killed the mother and her sonnes had not entreatie of his Nobles preuented it He committed them to ward in the Iland of the Armenians in the Lake Astumar whither he sent for them againe after three yeeres but they for feare fled to Ardouil there liued closely for a time Rustan was slaine by Agmat through his mothers procurement who loued that Agmat who abode Sultan fiue months was slaine by Rustans Souldiers And Aluan the kinsman of Vsuncassan was Signior whom Ismael slew A certaine Merchant who abode a long time in Tauris and trauelled thorow the most part of Persia skilfull of the Turkish Persian and Arabian languages either seeing himselfe or learning of them which did see in the time of Ismael relates this history somewhat otherwise whom as learning of the Persians themselues the Persian affaires we may reckon worthy to be followed Hee saith that this Sechaidar in Ardouil was this head of thy Sophian Sect and had three sonnes and three daughters by the daughter of Vsuncassan He was a zealous enemie against the Christians oftentimes with his followers repayring into Circassia doing the people much damage which when in the daies of Sultan Alumut hee attempted as before times he was by Alumuts order forbidden at Darbent further passage but seeking to make way by force he was by the forces of Alumut taken and his head on the top of a Lance presented to Alumut and by his command giuen to the Dogges to bee eaten the cause why the Sophians are such enemies vnto Dogs killing all they finde This newes comming to Ardouil his three sonnes fled one into Natolia another to Aleppo Ismael the third to an Iland in the Lake of Van in which is a Citie of Christian Armenians where he abode foure yeeres in the house of an Armenian Priest being then about thirteene yeeres old who vsed him courteously and instructed him in the rudiments of Christian Religion A yeere after he went from Arminig to Chillan where he kept with a Gold-smith his fathers friend In this time hee had intelligence by mutuall writing with his friends at Ardouil and with this Gold-smith hauing gathered together eighteene or twentie men of their Sect secretly to take a strong Castle called Maumutaga and hidden in ambush two hundred horse-men of his friends in Ardouill suddenly slaying the Guard and possessing himselfe of the Castle he entred a Towne not farre from the Castle killing the Inhabitants and carrying the spoile to the Castle This Castle was verie rich because it was a principall Hauen of the Caspian Sea and so strong that when Alumut had newes hereof hee was disswaded from sending any power thither to besiege him Two daies iourney from hence is Sumachi which with his power now encreased he also took and diuided the spoiles euery where to his Souldiers which with fame of this liberalitie came from all parts vnto him He sent also into Hiberia three or four daies iourny from thence which was then gouerned by seuen great Lords three of which Alexander Sbec Gorgurambec and Mirzambec with many promises of present spoiles and future exemptions from tribute hee won to his side receiuing from each of them three thousand horse so that he was now growne fifteene or sixteene thousand strong Alumut with thirtie thousand valiant Souldiers went to meet him between Tauris Sumachia and hauing passed a great Riuer ouer which were two Bridges he presently caused them to be broken Ismael arriuing there the next day with great diligence found a passage thorow the streame and with his whole forces in front in the breake of the day assailed Alumut his armie little suspecting such a good morrow that Alumut with a few companions hardly escaped The pauilions horses and other bootie Ismael bestowed on his Souldiers and then hasted to Tauris where entring without resistance hee made great slaughter killing all the race of Iacob opening his Sepulchre and the Graues of other Noble-men which had been at the battaile of Darbent against his father and burning their bones three hundred harlots he caused to be cut asunder in the middle hee killed all the Dogs in Tauris and because his mother had married to one of those Nobles which were in the battaile of Darbent he caused her head to bee stricken off in his presence In this while many Townes Cities Castles and Lords submitted themselues to him and weare his red-coloured Turbant but the Castle Alangiachana whereto were subiect eighteene Villages of Christians which vsed yeerely to send to Rome two men from the Patriarch to the Pope of whose faith they were speaking Armenian hauing some bookes but quite lost the vse of the Italian language this Castle I say held out for Alumut vntill his death While
the Mountayne and left a spacious way by which they with all their substance passed Westward Hence it is that the Tartars ascribe some happinesse to the number of nine and hee that will offer a present to any Tartarian Signor must offer nine things which custome they vse in their tributes vnto this day as Master Ienkinson found by experience to his cost Cangius after many aduentures and many lawes which of him were called Iasack Cangis Can hauing first perswaded his twelue sons wherein I thinke his nephewes were also reckoned to concord bidding each of them to bring him an arrow which together none of them ; asunder the least of them might easily breake hee dyed This Historie of Cingis or Cangius I haue thus fully related for knowledge both of the beginnings of their State and Religion and if these Visions seeme fabulous yet might Cingis in his subtilty deale with them as Mahomet with his Arabians or Numa with the Romans the one making Gabriel the other Aegeria Authors of their policies and what hee in part pretended might by Fame and Time be augmented Although I see not but that this History of Cingis may as well be credited as that of Alexander in Iosephus to whom appeared one in the habite of the Iewish High Priest commanding him to vndertake that enterprise with promise of assistance for which cause he whom the World worshipped as a King and as a God did worship himselfe prostrate before Iaddus the High Priest And the same Author also saith that the Pamphylian Sea diuided it selfe to giue way vnto his Macedonian Souldiers hauing no other way to destroy the Empire of the Persians To returne to our Fryer with whom we began he reporteth that Cingis after his victorie against the Naimani warred vpon the Kythayans where hee was ouerthrowne and all the Nobles except seuen slaine Hauing breathed himselfe a while at home hee inuaded the Huyri a Christian people of the Nestorian Sect whom they ouer-came and receiued of them Letters of which before they were ignorant After them he subdued the Saroyur Karanites and Hudirat This done he waged Warre against the Kythayans or Cathayans whose Emperour he shut vp into his chiefe Citie where Cingis besieged him till that Victuall fayling in his Campe he commanded that they should eate euery tenth man of the Armie They of the Citie fought valiantly with Engines Darts Arrowes and when Stones wanted they threw Siluer especially molten siluer But by vnder-mining the Tartars made way from the Armie into the middest of the Citie where they issued vp and opened the gates by force and slew the Citizens This is the first time that the Emperour of the Kathayans being vanquished Cingis Cham obtayned the Empire The men of Kaytay are Pagans hauing a speciall kinde of writing by themselues and as it is reported the Scriptures of the Old and New Testament They haue also recorded in Histories the liues of their fore-fathers and they haue Eremites and certayne houses made after the maner of our Churches which in those dayes they greatly resorted vnto They say that they haue diuers Saints also and they worship one God They adore and reuerence Christ Iesus our Lord and beleeue the Article of eternall life but are not baptized They doe also honorably esteeme and reuerence our Scriptures They loue Christians and bestow much almes and are a very courteous and gentle people They haue no beards and they agree partly with the Mongals in the disposition of their countenance There are not better Artificers in the world Their Countrey is exceeding rich in Corne Wine Gold Silke and other commodities Of their writing Fryer Bacon from the Relations of W. Rubruquis which liued in his time and Rubruquis himselfe as in the Manuscript thereof appeareth testifie that it was done with pencils and in characters as the Chinois and Iaponites still vse The Iugres write from the top to the bottome of the page and from the left hand to the right the men of Tebeth as wee doe those of Tangat from the right hand to the left but multiply their lines vpwards The Cathayans saith Rubruquis are little men and speake thorow the nose They are good artificers the sonne succeeding in the fathers trade Their Physitians deale with hearbes but not with vrines There were amongst them Nestorians who had a Bishop residing in Segni Their bookes were in Syriake themselues ignorant of that tongue They were drunkards vsurers and some of them had many wiues They washed their lower parts when they entred their Churches they feast and eat flesh on Fridayes as the Saracens Their Bishop visits them scarce once in fiftie yeeres And then all their Males euen infants also are ordred Priests The Idolaters amongst them are more moderate some of which weare yellow broad cowles some are Eremites and leade an austere life in woods and hills Cathaya had not then any vines but they made drinke of Rise wherewith they also tooke a kinde of Apes which would drinke themselues drunken with that pleasant liquor out of whose neckes they tooke the bloud wherewith they died purple After the conquest of Cathay Cyngis sent his sonne Thossut Can for so they termed him also against the people of Comania whom hee vanquished Another sonne he sent against the Indians who subdued India Minor These Indians are the blacke Saracens which are also called Aethiopians Thence hee marched to fight against Christians dwelling in India Maior whose King was commonly called Presbyter Iohn who by a stratageme repelled them out of his dominion In trauelling homewards the said Armie of the Mongals came vnto the Land of Buirthabeth the inhabitants whereof are Pagans and conquered the people in battaile This people haue a strange custome When any mans father dieth hee assembleth all his kindred and they eat him They haue no beards but with an iron instrument plucke out the haires if any grow Cyngis himselfe went vnto the Land of Kergis which they then conquered not And in his returne home his people suffered extreme famine and by chance finding the fresh entrailes of a beast they cast away the dung sod it and brought it before Cyngis and did eate thereof Heereupon Cyngis enacted That neither the bloud nor the entrailes nor any other part of a beast which might bee eaten should be cast away saue onely the dung Hee was afterward slaine by a thunderclap leauing behind him foure sonnes the first Occoday the second Thossut Can the third Thiaday the name of the fourth is not knowne §. III. Of OCCODAY the next Emperour and CVINE CAN. CYNGIS being dead Occoday was chosen Emperour He sent Duke Bathy his nephew the sonne of Thossut Can against the Countrey of Altisoldan and the people called Bisermini who were Saracens but spake the Language of Comania whom hee subdued Thence they marched against Orna a Port Towne on the Riuer Don where were many Gazarians Alanians Russians and Saracens which he drowned
foure moneths in which the citie endured fiftie thousand great shot before the Vice-Roy Alphonsus Castrius freed the same He leauing the charge of Goa to the care of Menesius the Arch-Bishop with a great Armada set forth in the beginning of May ignorant of this Siege and set vpon the Acheners by the way where hee got blowes and shame Sixe leagues from Malaca the Hollanders fought with him August the eleuenth The first day was little difference the next day one Holland Ship was burnt and the Admirall fired two Portugall ships burned one of them the Admirall On the third and fourth the Portugall had the better but so as neither part were absolute Conquerours Hee that will not onely reade but in manner see the most of these exploits of the Hollanders with other rarities of the Indies may resort to Theodoricke and Israel de Bry who haue in liuely stamps expressed these Nauigations with the obseruations of Linschoten and others Floris their Countrey-man complaynes that they suffer and assist Moores and Ethnikes in this Indian Trade which they forbid to their Seruants Countrey-men and Brethren vpon paine of Death and losse of Goods They haue in the Easterne Ilands done much harme to the Portugalls and Spaniards Captayne Schot tooke the Castle and Iland of Solor with a great quantitie of Sandelwood and sent the Portugalls to Malacca He mentioneth one Fleet of theirs in the Moluccos of two and twentie saile and that they expected the next yeere 1614. fourteene saile more Bangam nameth seuen and thirtie Factories and twentie Forts and Castles of theirs all beyond the Cape Comori In some places where they haue Castles hee saith They threatned to carry such as Prisoners to their Fort that should sell their commodities to the English In some places where the People are poore and haue nothing but their Cloues to liue on the Hollanders buy it at a cheap rate as fiftie Ryalls of Eight the Bahar which they seldome giue in mony but in Rice Clothes and Commodities so that eight Ryalls of Eight well employed on the Coast of Coromandel may here yeeld a Bahar which is sixe hundred twentie fiue pound of Cloues Hee addeth That they will not suffer the Malayans and Iauans to haue Cloues but of them at sixtie sixe Ryals readie money Richard Cock from Iapan writes That the Spaniards feare the losse of the Philippina's by their force which is sufficient to do in those Seas what they list The Spaniards succeeded the Portugals in the Moluccos which the Hollanders tooke from them and the Vice-roy of Mexico with the Gouernor of Manilla haue ioyned in their endeuors against them the Countrey people also better affect the Spaniard as more Liberall and Bountiful The Spaniards haue in these Easterne parts besides Manilla the Castles of Gamalamma in Ternate of Tidore Gelola Battachina as Bangam obserueth Thus much haue I thought to speake here of the Hollanders who haue worthily sought found much Honor especially by their Marine exploits round about the world which if it bee attended with some vnneighbourly quarrels with Ours and other soyle of couetousnesse in this humaine frailty and their proper thriftinesse is no great wonder Balbi mentioneth an Iland on this Coast called Carnalcubar the Inhabitants whereof goe from one Iland to another as the Caribes were wont to hunt men for their cruell diet For the most part they liue on fish goe naked without Law and had almost seized on him and his company Dauid Middleton affirmeth the like of another Iland called Seran which prouoked by wrongs from the Portugals eate all Christians they can get rosting them aliue without regard of any ransome CHAP. IIII. Of the Kingdome of Pegu or Brama and the subiect and neighbouring Kingdomes §. I. Of the Greatnesse of the King of Pegu OF the Kingdome Brema or Brama the Citie Royall is Pegu the Nation where began the greatnesse of the late Kings These Bramans inhabited neere the Lake Chiamay among whom the King of Pegu had his Lieutenants or Viceroyes one whereof the Deputy of Tangu about threescore and ten yeares since rebelled against him and surprised the Kingdomes of Prom Melintay Calam Bacam Mirandu Aua all peopled with the Bramans trending Northwards a hundred and fiftie leagues Hee after attempted Siam with an Armie of three hundred thousand and spent three moneths in making way through the huge Woods and inaccessible Places but atchieued not his purpose After his returne hee assayled Pegu and conquered it and then returned the second time 1567. as in the former Chapter is mentioned Hee subiected to his Seignorie twelue Kingdomes which Fernandes thus rehearseth The Kingdome of Cauelan where are the best Rubies and Saphyres Secondly that of Aua the bowels whereof are filled with Mines of Copper Lead and Siluer The third Bacan enriched with Mines of Gold Tungran the fourth aboundeth with Lac and Lead such is Prom the fifth the sixth is Iangoma stored with Copper Muske Pepper Silke Siluer Gold Lauran the seuenth hath Beioin enough to ladeships the eight and ninth are the Kingdomes of Trucon Staples of China-Merchandize the tenth and eleuenth are the Diademes of Cublan betweene Aua and China powdred with precious stones Siam whence wee last came is the last of the twelue in the inuasion whereof hee armed a million and threescore thousand men which number is short of Fredericks reckoning except wee ascribe that surplusage to Victualers Voluntaries and Seruants and Attendants on the baggage which Armie saith Fernandes hee tythed out of his people taking one only of ten Fredericke then in Pegu saith he had fiue hundred thousand sent him in supply of those which were slaine and lost of the first Armie which consisted of foureteene hundred thousand men after one and twentie moneths siege hee preuayled by Treason of the Siamites which opened one of their Gates in the night and receiued his Forces into the Citie whereupon the King of Siam poysoned himselfe leauing a rich bootie to the Conqueror Hee saw at the Kings returne the Elephants ordered in a triumphall square laden with Gold Siluer Iewels and with the Great Prisoners of Siam This King saith the same Author hath no power by Sea but in the Land for People Dominions Gold and Siluer hee farre exceeds the Great Turke He hath diuers Magasons full of Treasure which is euery day encreased without diminishing besides that hee is Lord of the Mines of Rubies and other Iewells The King in his Feasts vsed to ride on a triumphall Chariot all guilded drawne by sixteene Horses it was high with a goodly Canopy ouer it twentie Lords attended the same holding in their hands a Rope fastned to this Chariot to keepe it vpright The King sits in the middle and about him stand foure of his chiefe Fauorites Before marcheth the Armie in the midst all the Nobilitie and round about the Chariot exceeding pompously and orderly The King hath one principall Wife three
esteemed the worst slaues of all India for that they are all Theeues and the Women Whores although this fault is common through all India no place excepted They haue a custome neuer to dresse or seethe meat twice in one pot but haue euerie time a new one Whensoeuer they are found in Adulterie they haue their Noses cut off and are thence forwards narrowly looked to that they keepe not each others company The Portugalls haue here Porto Grande and Porto Pequino but without Forts and Gouernment euery man liuing after his owne lust and for the most part they are such as dare not stay in their places of better Gouernment for some wickednesse by them committed In Bengala are found great numbers of Abdas or Rhinocerotes whose horne growing vp from his snowt Teeth Flesh Blood Clawes and whatsoeuer he hath without and within his bodie is good against poyson and is much accounted of throughout all India The skinne vpon the vpper part of this Beast is all wrinkled as if hee were armed with shields It is a great enemy of the Elephant Some thinke that this is the right Vnicorne because as yet there is no other by late Trauellers found but onely by heare-say Onely Lodouicus Vertomannus saith he saw a couple of those other Vnicornes at Mecca one whereof had a horne of three Cubits being of the bignesse of a Colt of two yeeres and a halfe old the other was much lesse both sent to the Sultan of Mecca for a rare present out of Aethiopia Gesner in his Booke of Foure-footed Beasts citeth this testimony and some others whereby he perswadeth that there are diuers sorts of these Vnicornes but it cannot seeme otherwise then strange that in this last hundred of yeeres wherein the World hath vn-veyled her face more then euer before none of credit that I haue heard hath affirmed himselfe to haue seene this Vnicorne but in picture And in picture they haue lately abused M.T. Coryate who writing that he saw Vnicornes at the Mogors or Mogols Court which as some that were there told me were Rhinocerotes they haue published the same with picture of the Painters Vnicorne with a long horne out of his forehead whereas this groweth out of the middle of the Nose and is but short the length of a mans hand being a large Hornes measure That which is reported of their vertue against poyson proceedeth from the hearbs which Bengala yeeldeth for in other places they are not neer the price of these There are here also certain wild goats whose hornes are in account against venome as I my selfe saith Linschoten haue proued The Kings of Bengala in times past were chosen of the Abassine or Aethiopian slaues as the Soldans of Cairo were sometime of the Circassian Mamalukes Northward from Bengala lyeth the Kingdome of Arracan before mentioned The great Can subdued these parts and the Kingdome of Mien about the yere 1272. while Marcus Paulus liued there Arracan Chandican and Siripur are by Fernandez placed in Bengala as so many Kingdomes Patane or Patenau by Fredericke and Fitch reckoned to another Bengalau Kingdome which our Country-man Master Fitch calleth the Kingdome of Gouren so that vnder this name Bengala are comprehended many Seigniories all or the most part now subiect to the Mogor §. II. Of Ganges and the Superstitions there obserued OVr Maps seeme not to describe the Riuer Ganges so will wee here terme it with Ortelius Castaldus Barrius and all our later Trauellers both Merchants and Iesuites according to the due course thereof For Chaberis they bring from the North enclining to the East Guenga from the West but Master Fitch which continued fiue months in passing downe first in Iamena from Agra which falleth into Ganges and then in Ganges it selfe to Bengala although he confesseth it may be done in shorter time saith it commeth from the North-west and runneth East into the Sea Some call Chaberis Ganges and some hold Guenga to be Ganges and some make but one Riuer of them both and hence may happily arise in part that seeking of Ganges so farre off Both Ganga and Ganges are in sacred account saith Barros and therefore the Mahometan Kings will not suffer the superstitious washing of the Ethnikes therein without a Custome or Imposition There is in Ganges a place called Gongasagie that is the entrie of the Sea in which are many Fishes called Sea-Dogs They which are weary of this World and desire to haue a quicke passage to Paradise cast in themselues here to bee deuoured of these Fishes perswading themselues that the next and readiest way thither is by their jawes Ganges ouerflowing his bankes in times past drowned many Villages which so remaine and hath changed his wonted channell the cause that Tanda a Citie of trafficke where the people goe naked to the waste standeth now a league from the Riuer It watereth a fruitfull Countrey and populous and as the Oceans high Collector receiueth into him many Riuers by the way some no lesse then it selfe so that in the time of raine you cannot see from the one side of Ganges to the other The superstitious opinion conceiued in those parts of this Riuer appeareth by the reports of all Emanuel Pinner at Cambaia obserued many to resort thither on Pilgrimage sometime out of that Citie foure thousand and was told by the Gouernour of Bengala vnder the Mogor then at Lahor that there came thither sometime three hundred thousand or foure hundred thousand Pilgrims And addeth That not long before his comming to Cambaia there assembled there to this deuout iourney fiftie thousand people Happy they esteeme that man which washeth himselfe therein and secure of saluation if at the point of death hee may drinke of this water Hee conferred with one Gedacham a great man which had been on this holy voyage and had there weighed his Mother three times first by her weight in Siluer secondly in Gold thirdly in Pearles all which he gaue to the poore A brother of his called Rau being to goe to the great Mogor offered one hundred and fiftie thousand Pardaws that his Pagods or Idols should send him good successe They make an Image also to this Riuer whereunto they doe diuine honor The King of Calecut and the other Kings of Malabar keepe a solemne feast euery twelue yeeres in honor of this Riuer because that long since a certaine Brachmane falsly accused fled vnto Ganges there led an austere life twelue yeeres worshipping that Streame and his Idoll to whom when hee purposed to returne home after those twelue yeeres expired that Image of Ganges appeared and said That on the last day of February he would appeare in a Riuer of his owne Countrey and cause the Waters thereof to arise and run backward in witnesse of his innocencie and bade him assemble all the Lords of Malabar to the sight which accordingly came to passe and the memorie thereof is by this Feast solemnized
Parimal There are two sorts of Moores one Mesticos of mixed seed of Moore-fathers and Ethnike-mothers called Naiteans Mungrels also in their Religion the other Forreiners which come thither in trading There are also many Iewes which haue almost lost their Iudaisme minding more their merchandize then superstition Besides those former Sects Stephanus de Brito speaketh of the Maleas which inhabit small Villages in the Mountaynes which are Hunters of Elephants amongst whom are no thefts or robberies and therefore they leaue their doores open when they goe abroad They haue no Idoll amongst them only they obserue their Ancestours Sepulchres These haue no Commerce with their Neighbours nor are much subiect to Kings only pay them a kinde of tribute hauing Arelli set ouer them as Iudges or Magistrates vnder each of them fiue or sixe thousand men Their houses are made of Indian Canes dawbed with earth and some liue on trees laying beames from one tree to another and so building them lofty Cottages free from Tygres and wilde Elephants whereof the Montaynes are full which they take in Pits couered ouer with leaues They haue fertile fields and Valleyes but not diligently husbanded They are content with one Wife which they carry with them whithersoeuer they goe though but a Hunting-voyage They are as other Malabars naked from the waste vpwards a long garment hangs thence to the ankles and on their heads a Turbant as the Mores Their necke eares and nostrils are laden with gold For the Malabars weare gold aswell for nose-rings as eare-rings These Maleas are of better estimation then the base vulgar nor is it accounted a pollution to touch them no more then other Nairos or Thomaean Christians They haue their Pipes and Tabors on their Feasts They are also Sorcerers acd diuine by familiar Spirits but vse not to kill or hurt men by Witch-craft as other Indians and Malabars doe A witty docible honest people perhaps descended of those Malliani which Plutarch and Curtius mention in the life of Alexander Of the Feast which all the Malabar-Kings hold euery twelfth yeare in honour of the Riuer Ganges we haue there spoken where we haue discoursed of the Riuer This Feast lasteth eight and twentie or thirtie dayes with great solemnitie the Samorin euery day washing himselfe and offering Sacrifices to Ganges after which hee returnes to his Palace with innumerable troupes of men riding vpon an Elephant in great pompe and three dayes after in the morning and euening with greatest Royaltie makes shew of himselfe in a high Throne many Lampes of gold and siluer burning about him many Peeces discharged with other ceremonie of State The King prostrates himselfe on the ground and three times doth reuerence to the People and they to Him the Kings Vassals then doing him homage After this many Champions exercise their Fencing-skill before him and at the sound of Instruments the chiefe Nobles by two and two in a ranke with their faces to the ground doe reuerence the Elephants are likewise to honour Him Twentie thousand Crownes are spent on this solemnitie by the King Another more diuellish rite followes About the yeare 1520. the Zamorin slue a certaine King In memorie whereof the Successors of that King send a certayne number of their Souldiers to reuenge his death themselues being sure to be slaine these are called Amocae which are Clients to that King and are either to come themselues or to send so many Souldiers to the number of thirtie which rush among the People and kill as many as they can themselues certayne to be killed of the Kings Souldiers CHAP. XI Of the Kingdome of Narsinga and Bisnagar §. I. Of their Funerall and Idolatrous bloudie Rites FRom those places where our feet last rested or touched rather vnto the Cape Guadauerin betwixt that ridge of Mountaines called Gate and the Ocean which is there named the Gulfe of Bengala trendeth the Kingdome of Narsinga or Bisnagar those two Royall Cities contending which shall giue name to this mightie Empire containing two hundred leagues of Sea-coast The King hath in continuall pay forty thousand Nairos But as occasion serueth he can bring into the field many many thousands more as in that Expedition against Idalkan specified by Barrius and Boterus in which was a world of people seuen hundred thousand foot fortie thousand horse seuen hundred Elephants twentie thousand harlots Hee sacrificed also vnto Idols twentie thousand seuen hundred and threescore head of Beasts and Fowles in nine dayes space which in Idoll-deuotion were all bestowed after on the poore In the yeare of our Lord 1565. Biznagar was sacked by foure Kings of the Mores as saith Frederike naming them Dialkan Zamaluc Cotamaluc and Viridy through treason of two More Captaines which had seuen or eight score thousand Souldiers vnder them but being of the same Religion with the Kings of Decan betrayed their owne King forsaking him in the midst of the battaile This was a iust reward of treason to the true King of Biznegar For three Captaines had kept the King thirtie yeares as prisoner once a yeare shewing him to the people themselues ruling the State When he dyed then Ramaragio exalted himselfe to the Throne Temiragio the second swayed the gouernment and the third Bengahe was Generall of the Armie Onely Temiragio escaped and returned when the Decans had sacked the Citie and were gone to Beznegar and sent to Goa great promises for Horses if any Merchants would bring any Whereupon Frederike went with other Merchants which carried store of them but brought no store of money in payment the Tyrant accepting the Horses but paying nothing Temiragio temoued his Court from Bezneger to Penegorde eight dayes iourney within Land And his sonne put to death the sonne of that King before mentioned which had beene imprisoned as this also had beene till Death by a murthering hand freed him Hence grew many broyles the Nobles refusing to acknowledge this New King and thus Bezneger being forsaken remained after this an Habitation for Tygres and wild Beasts containing in circuit foure and twentie myles as our Author that stayed there seuen moneths affirmeth He neuer saw Palace exceeding that of Biznagar It had nine Gates with guards of Souldiers Here hee obserued their Rites in burning the women so often mentioned which after his and Balby his relations are thus I haue declared the like for substance before this as in some Rites differing I adde also The woman taketh two or three moneths respite after her husbands death The day being come she goeth earely out of her house mounted on a Horse or Elephant or else on a Stage carried by eight men apparelled like to a Bride adorned with Iewels and her haire about her shoulders holding in her left hand a Looking-glasse in the right an Arrow and singeth as shee passeth through the Citie saying That she goeth to sleepe with her husband She is accompanied with her friends vntill it be one or two of the clocke in the afternoone
with loftie Cedars and Pines watered with a goodly streame arched with a double row of pillars adorned with fiftie Lanternes on each side of solid metall couered with gold and curiously wrought which burne all night the large Monasterie of Bonzian Nunnes which being aboue fiue and fortie yeeres old deuote themselues to these holies the Qoire not to be entred by any but certaine Religious which there sit in garments of silke these with other like might tempt my pen to bee tedious And so might the Temple of Fachiman in the same Groue more costly and curious then the former and another without it consecrate to Dai which hath two giantly Porters of stone fourteene elles high fourescore and eighteene pillars of wonderfull height and three elles and a halfe in compasse it was built seuen hundred yeeres since and was twentie yeeres in building A Tower or Steeple of wood is borne vp with thirtie pillars in which did hang a brazen Bell the mouth whereof was two elles the compasse sixe the depth three and a halfe the thicknesse aboue thirteene inches There are many Deere and Doues consecrated to the Temple which goe into mens houses no man touching them Their walkes set with Orange Trees and other their rarities of Art and Nature they which would further learne let them resort to Almeida our Author One Temple is dedicated iust by to a Lizard which they make Author and Patron of learning without Altar or Image in it Hee that readeth of the huge workes of Taicosama holding sometime an hundred thousand workmen in labour at once may present to his imagination the incredible buildings which those Tyrants by so many slauish hands can raise Their busie wits appeare by their curious questions to Iohn Fernandus of the nature of the Soule of Angels and Deuils c. and some of them seeing the absurdities of the Bonzij worship nothing at all The Bonzij as the Iesuites report raysed slanderous rumours of them to be eaters of mens flesh and causes of the warres and plagues which their gods prouoked by this new Sect sent amongst them they slandered the new Conuerts as miserable Apostataes which became Christians because they would not be at the charges of their Idolatrie The Iesuites tell of a great woman possessed with a Deuill which said that he was a Foxe for some iniuries offered by the Maide thus dealing with the Mistresse There were in those parts store of Foxes multiplyed by their superstition not daring to hurt any notwithstanding their great harmes because forsooth they were the Deuils instruments to punish them Yet in this case the Wizard being consulted counsayled to take a Foxe without hurting him which with a trap was done and to giue him all kinde entertaynment with most delicate foode and vsage so to pacifie the Good-wifes angrie Daemon who yet like a Deuill with faire entreatie grew worse Hereupon another famous Wizard was called who writ a long scroll binding himselfe in the Deuill-Foxes name to free the woman subscribing with his bloud which scroll hee hanged on the Foxes necke before taken which being neatly trimmed and shauen by a Barber and painted as their women being of pale complexion vse was let goe and the Deuill intermitted his tortures awhile but after reiterating the same The womans husband caused all the Foxes thereabouts to bee slaine for this perfidiousnesse and a third Wizard cured the Mistresse by coniuring the Diuell into one of her Maides They are very curious and ambitious in setting foorth their Funerals thus briefely The friends assemble in their best array to the fire the women of his acquaintance goe forth in white raiment with partie coloured veyles on their heads and their Maidens attending their chiefe women are carried in Beds or Litters of Cedar After them follow the Men in sumptuous habite next comes the chiefe Bonzius of his Sect in his Pontificalibus carried in a costly Bed attended with thirtie other Bonzij in their Linnen vestments Then one in Ash-coloured garments for that is also a mourning colour with a long Torch lighted sheweth the Corpse the way to the fire followed with two hundred Bonzij singing to the Deitie which the dead had chiefely obserued others beate on a Bason till they come at the fire others carrie paper-baskets full of painted Flowers which they shake out by the way as a token that his soule is gone to Paradise Eight Bonzij draw Banners on the ground in which is written their Idols name tenne Lanternes with the same inscription are carried with lights burning Two follow with Torches vnlighted wherewith afterward they kindle the fire Many come after in Ash-coloured habite with three-square Caps on their heads with the name also of their Diuell therein written which name another beareth written in a Table with large letters of Gold After all these did you thinke you had lost him comes the Corpse sitting in a Bed in white borne by foure men his hands ioyned in a praying gesture His Children are next the eldest carrying a Torch to kindle the fire Lastly comes the multitudes with such Caps as wee spoke of After an houres hallowing their Holies by all this multitude and three times compassing about the inclosed square place in which besides tables for viands the fire is made the chiefe Bonzij in an vnknowne language mumbleth ouer an Hymne and lighting a Torch doth thrice brandish it about his head thereby signifying that the soule is without beginning or end and then casts it away Two of his Children take it vp and after a triple ceremonie the body being layd thereon kindle therewith the wood on which they hurle costly woods and Oyle and so burne the carkasse to ashes Which done the Children making incense adore their Father as now assumed to the heauenly societie and richly reward the Bonzij Next day they returne and put the reliques of this Corpse ashes and bones into a gilded vessell which is hanged in the house there to receiue like exequies and afterwards with no lesse ceremonie buried euery seuenth day and seuenth month and seuenth yeere his Children renuing their deuotions The poorer spend herein two or three hundred the rich as many thousand Ducats In the Obits of Great Persons the Lords and men of Ranke assemble themselues and are called euery man by name to doe honour to the Image of the deceased with incense as in sacrifices After so much wickednesse of men let vs adde somewhat of the admirable workes of God in Iapan §. VII Of the strange Earthquakes and Tempests in Iapan with some other Obseruations ON the two and twentieth day of Iuly in the yeere 1596. it rained Ashes round about Meaco couering the ground as if it had beene Snow Soone after it rained both there and in other places red sand and after that as it had beene womens haire And not long after followed an Earthquake that hurled downe Temples and Palaces wherein Taicosama had then newly employed night and
belong to another place and it were tedious here to relate the yeeres of their seuerall Reignes Otmen the fourth Chalipha beganne in the yeere of Christ 645. whom the rest succeeded in order vntill the yeere 869. And then the Chaliphaes were diuided Mutamed reigning in Bagded and Tolon in Egypt who dyed in the yeere of Christ 883. and of the Hegeira 270. whom succeeded Hamaria his sonne and after him his sonne Aharun whom Muchtaphi the Bagdet Chalipha slue about the yeere 907. Afterwardes about the yeere 943. Achishid Muhamid sonne of Tangi reigned in Egypt to whom a few yeeres after succeeded his sonne Abigud whom Meaz Ledin Illahi of the posteritie of Phetima Mahumets Daughter depriued in the yeere of our Lord 971. To whom succeeded his sonne Aziz 975. Elhacham in the yeere 996. Etaher Laazizdin Illahi 1030. Musteratzor Billahi 1035. Musteale 1095. Elamir Bahacam Illahi 1101. he was but fiue yeeres old the Protector of the Kingdome was Aphtzala Wizir Elhaphit Ladin Illahi 1135. Ettaphar succeeded and hee being slaine Elphaiz who died in the yeere 1160. and Etxar Ledin Illahi his Sonne was the last of the Phetimaan race To him succeeded Asareddin Shirachoch of the Family of Ainb which were Curdi after his death Iusaph Tzelat Eddin was constituted King by the Chalipha and the Bagded Chaliphaes were againe acknowledged in Egypt This is that Saladine that tooke Ierusalem in the yeere of Christ 1190. Heg. 586 He conquered Mesopotamia c. hee died in the yeere of our Lord 1193. And as Cardinall Vitriaco affirmeth reduced the Schismaticall Sect in Egypt to vniformity with the Baldac Chalipha Elaphtzal succeeded him in the Kingdome of Damascus Melich Elaziz in Egypt Taher Giazi in Halep or Aleppo Melich Elaziz exchanged Egypt for Damascus with his Vncle Etadel The Egyptians made Aphtzal their King in the yeere of our Lord 1202. After Eladel succeeded Elchamel 1219. who died in the yeere of our Lord 1237. Heg. 635. Essaloch followed and after him Elmutam 1242. The Turkmen conspired against him he fled into a Tower of Wood which they fired and halfe burned he leaped into a streame that passed by and there perished Tureoman Azeddin Ibib was made King in his place in the yeere of our Lord 1245. Heere beganne the Reigne of the Mamalukes or slaues Hee being slaine another slaue succeeded whom they called Melich Elmutaphar This seemeth to be he that Leo calleth Piperitis Thus farre out of Scaliger collected by him out of Abraham Zacuthi which addeth much light to the Egyptian Historie of these times wherein I could neuer before satisfie my selfe concerning the erection and alteration of the Schismaticall Egyptian Chaliphaes which with much labour little auayling I had sought Iacobus à Vitriaco Bishop of Accon or Ptolemais aboue foure hundred yeeres since and a Roman Cardinall in his Orientall History affirmeth That Haly disdayning to be accounted the successour of Mahomet whom hee thought inferiour to himselfe began a new Sect of his owne which he established in Egypt the other Mahumetans erecting another at Baldac but Baldac was of a later erection and these things haue no probabilitie These Kings were not called Chaliphaes as the posterity of Phetima or Fatima but Sultans A certaine Catalogue of the Names Times and Affaires of these Mamaluke-Sultans I cannot perfectly exhibit Peucerus nameth in order these names Turquemenius Cathus Bendocader Melechsait Elpis Melechseraph Melechnasar Melechadal and after many others Caithbeius a stout enemy of the Turkes This Caithbeius was chosen Sultan in the yeere of our Lord 1465. and reigned three and thirty yeeres Two of his principall Mamalukes Achardin and Campsous full of emulation were a principall cause of the ruine of that Dynastie For whereas the Sultan was alway chosen out of the Mamalukes by most voyces amongst themselues Campsous fearing lest Achardin should haue succeeded after Caithbeius fained That his Master had taken order on his death-bed that his Sonne Mahomet should obtaine the roome and vsed meanes to effect it both by the voyces of those Mamalukes he could suborne and confirmation of their Chalipha whose hornes these Soldans had shortned abridging his power as before is said This Mahomet proued so cruell a Tyrant and those two Mamalukes so banded themselues in Factions that all became confused and within six yeeres after Caithbeius his death the Sultans Throne was fiue times vacant Tomumbeius kils Mahomet Campsous Ciarchesius is chosen Zauballat President of Damascus rebelleth and by Temumbeius meanes imprisoneth him and vsurpeth the Scepter but for his crueltie soone after is depriued and captiued by Tomumbeuis and after strangled He also succeding in Authority Tyranny and Destiny After Tomumbeius was elected Campson Gaurus whom Zelim the Turke ouerthrew and slue in battaile in whose place another Tomumbeius was chosen but soone together with his whole State came into the Turkes power Thus being diuided in many Factions among themselues and exercising all cruelties and pillages vpon the people they made themselues a prey to their Neighbours who like Aesops Vulture watched this opportunity to seize on these Lions hauing now bled out their strength in mutuall and ciuill conflicts in the yeere of our Lord 1517. The Egyptians affirme That a little before Selim besieged Cairo for the space of eight dayes together a great number of Crocodiles were seene in all parts on the banks of Nilus and much dispersed abroad in the fields taking and tearing great store of prey as a presage of this Turkish seruitude Solyman succeeded in the yeere of our Lord 1519. or 1520. as others say Selim the second 1566. Amurat the third 1574. in the yeere 1595. Mahomet the third to whom Achmet who now is the Egyptian and Turkish Soldan Of these you may be more fully informed in M. Knolles his Turkish Historie as also in our former Relations CHAP. VII Of the Oracle of IVPITER AMMON and of Cyrene and diuers Peoples adioyning mentioned by the Ancients ALl that lyeth betweene Africa Minor and Egypt Pômponius Mela doth call Cyrenaica including vnder that title Marmarica which Plinio reckoneth by it selfe who also calleth the former Pentapolitana and saith it is renowmed by the Oracle of Hammon which is fiftie miles distant from Cyrene by the Fountayne of the Sunne and those fiue Cities Berenice Arsinoe Ptolemais Apollonia Cyrene This Region is now called Barca and Mesrata of which this is inhabited and rich the other it most-what desart and poore Their Religion was like the Egyptians in times past The Arabians that liue there now attend on their purchase being the greatest Theeues in Afrike But this is vsuall to the Arabians in all places of their abode or wandring rather for which cause it seemeth Hierome saith the word Arabi signifieth Theeues and is therefore taxed of Drusius in his Obseruations Arabi no otherwise signifying Theeues then Chananeus a Merchant or Chaldaeus a Mathematician because such commonly were their studies and courses Berenice
Congo that they build their Houses with Lime and Stone and for their fashions and qualities may be compared with the Portugals This seemeth to be in Goiame where the Abassine entitleth himselfe King and in his title as before you haue read cals it the Fountayne of Nilus which Aluares also mentioneth that Peter Conilian saw He affirmeth That there are Iewes about those parts which perhaps are the people that the Anzichi speake of From this second Lake in Goiame the Riuer which is there called Gihon passeth through the Pretes Dominion to Meroe and so to Egypt as elsewhere is shewed In these two great Lakes are diuers Ilands that we speake not of the Tritons and other I know not what Monsters there reported to be found The Lake Zembre yeeldeth not Nilus alone but Zaire a farre more spacious Riuer in widenesse and more violent in force then Nilus or any other Riuer in Africa Europe or Asia of which wee lately related And besides her Northerne and Westerne Tributes carried by those two Riuers to the Mediterranean and Ocean Seas shee sendeth her great streames of Magnice Coaua and Cuama into the inner or Easterne Ocean Magnice springing out of Zembre receiueth in his Voyage to the Sea three other Riuers Nagoa called Saint Christophers and Margues which both spring out of the Mountaynes of the Moone by the people there called Toroa the third is Arroe which besides his waters payeth to Neptune which neyther needs nor heeds it a great quantity of Gold which it washeth from the Mountaynes of Monomotapa a Countrey extending it selfe betweene Magnice and Cuama whose seuen mouthes seeke to swallow vp many Ilands which they hold in their jawes but through greedinesse lose that which greedinesse makes them seeke not able to swallow so great morsels which therefore remayne and are inhabited with Pagans Boterus sayth That this Riuer runs out of that Lake a great space in one Channell and then is diuided into two the one called Spirito Sancto running into the Sea vnder the Cape Couenti the other Cuama receiueth the Riuers Panami Luangua Arruia Mangiono Inadire Ruina and is sayled more then seuen hundred miles Coaua is also a great Riuer The Inhabitants within Land about these Riuers are as you haue heard Pagans and rude people Let me now haue leaue to conuey my selfe downe this Riuer Coaua into the Ocean and there take view of the many Ilands with which Nature hath adorned this African World as with many Brooches and Iewels set and hanged about the fringes of her garments and first learning what we can of the Ilands in and from the Red Sea hither we will in some Portugall Carricke sayle round about the African Coast and acquaint you with what we shall find worthiest obseruation and then not willing as yet to set foot in Lisbone as we meete with the Fleet of Spaine sayling to the New-found World will passe with them for further Discoueries For to goe into the Mediterranean to discouer the African Ilands there will scarce be worth the while To heare a little of those few may content vs Thus Authors haue written of the Riuers which they nâ—uer saw but Iohn des Santos a Portugall Frier which liued many yeeres in those parts hath giuen a fuller description of the Riuers and Coasts in those Easterne shores of Afrike By whose narration it appeareth that Cuama and Nilus come not out of one and the same Lake for Cuama ouerfloweth in March and Apill not as Nilus in Iuly and August and makes the Countrey at that time sickly and driueth the wild beasts to the higher parts where Lions Tygres Elephants Merus a kind of horned Asses Ounces Rhinocerotes Buffals wilde Kine and Swine and Horses and Dogs Zeuras other creatures of those parts are assembled in a peaceable Parliament by the Riuers forceable summons which so aweth them that as somtime in Noahs Arke they forget their preying nature and quietly expect their dismission with that of the waters Riuer horses there abound and Crocodiles other strange Beasts Birds Fishes and Wormes they haue with Manna and other naturall rarities touching which I referre the Reader to the second part of my Pilgrimes where the Relations of Santos and Iobson will entertayne him frankly Santos also will there acquaint you with the description of the Riuers Countrey Mynes and people of those parts their Kingdomes Warres Customes Politike Oeconomike and Religious the Portugall Forts of Sofala Sena Tete and the Marts of Massapa Luanze Manzono the strange Rites of the Kings of Monomotapa Quiteue Sedanda and their Neighbours The Quiteue is King of Sofala and on that side of Cuama hath about 100. women amongst which his Ants Sisters Daughters whom he carnally vseth which incest to a subiect were death when he dyeth the Successor is he to whom those women giue peaceable and quiet possession of the Kings House and themselues No force is made nor subiection yeelded vpon forced possession The King thus by them receiued is not only admitted of the rest but adored yea they aske of him raine seasonable Haruest and all things they need not without great Presents He hath his Oracle-consultations with the Deuill and euery yeere on the Obit day of the former King the Deuill then entring into some one of the Assembly and giuing answers Euery New Moone is a holy day and the Musimos or Feast dayes which the Quiteue appoints by Proclamation which they obserue without working They otherwise worship no God nor haue any Idoll Image or Temple Priest or Sacrifice They call the Quiteue by prodigious titles Lord of the Sunne and Moone and especially entitle him in all things Great as great Thiefe great Witch none else are permitted to bee Witches great Lion c. good or bad so as Great be the Epithet The name Quiteue is common to all their Kings successiuely in that Countrey and to the Countrey it selfe Their Oathes by Poyson licking of hote Iron c. and other strange customes you shall find in the place aforesaid CHAP. XI Of the Seas and Ilands about Africa the Ancient and Moderne Obseruations Nauigations and Discoueries §. I. Of the Red Sea and why it is so called AFter this long and tedious journey ouer Land where the steepe and snowie Mountaynes the myrie and vnwholesome Vallies the vnpassable Wildernesses swift Riuers still Lakes thicke Woods and varietie of the Continent-obseruations haue thus long whiled vs let vs now by a swifter course take view of the African Seas and those Ilands which they hold alway besieged but neuer conquer In the first place presents it selfe to our Discouery that Sea which separateth after the Moderne reckoning Africa and Asia asunder This is called the Red Sea which name sayth Plinie the Graecians call Erythraeum this word signifieth Red and is ascribed by some to a King named Erythras whom Postellus and some others thinke to be Esau or Edom which the like signification of his name
vnto his laborious Collections for which our English Nauigations both for the memoriall of passed incouragement of present and instructions to the future are as to Neptunes Secretarie and the Oceans Protonotary indebted beyond recompence whereby he being dead whiles we write these things yet speaketh And although in this third Edition I could not obtaine like kindnesse from him I know not how affected or infected with emulation or iealousie yet shall his Name liue whiles my Writings endure as without whose helpes and industrious Collections perhaps I had neuer troubled the World in this kind And this is my Epitaph in his memory who hath yet a better his owne large Volumes being the best and truest Titles of his Honour and if some Iuno Lucina would helpe to bring forth the Posthume Issue of his Voyages not yet published the World should enioy a more full Testimony of his paines in that kind CHAP. IX Of New Spaine and the conquest thereof by HERNANDO CORTES §. I. Of the first Discouerie by CORTES and others NOw are we safely arriued out of the South Sea and North vnknowne Lands where we haue wildered our selues and wearied the Reader in this great and spacious Country of New Spaine New Spaine is all that which lyeth betweene Florida and California and confines on the South with Guatimala and Iucatan how it came to be so called asketh a long Discourse concerning the Conquest thereof by Cortes whose History is thus related Hernando Cortes was borne at Medellin in Andulozia a Prouince of Spaine Anno 1485. When he was nineteene yeeres old he sayled to the Iland of Saint Domingo where Ouando the Gouernour kindly entertayned him Hee went to the conquest of Cuba in the yeere 1511. as Clerke to the Treasurer vnder the conduct of Iames Velasques who gaue vnto him the Indians of Manicorao where he was the first that brought vp Kine Sheepe and Mares and had heards and flockes of them and with his Indians hee gathered great quantitie of Gold so that in short time he was able to put in two thousand Castlins for his stocke with Andres de Duero a Merchant At this time Christopher Morante had sent An. 1517. Francis Hernandes de Cordoua who first discouered Yucatan whence he brought nothing except the relation of the Country but stripes whereupon Iames Velasques in the yeere 1518. sent his Kinsman Iohn de Grijalua with 200. Spaniards in foure ships hee traded in the Riuer of Tauasco and for trifles returned much Gold and curious workes of Feathers Idols of Gold a whole harnesse or furniture for an armed man of Gold thin beaten Eagles Lions and other pourtratures found in Gold c. But while Grijalua deferred his returne Velasques agreed with Cortes to be his partner in the Discouerie which hee gladly accepted and procured licence from the Gouernours in Domingo and prepared for the Voyage Velasques afterward vsed all meanes to breake off in so much that Cortes was forced to engage all his owne stocke and credit with his friends in the Expedition and with fiue hundred and fiftie Spaniards in eleuen Ships set sayle the tenth of February 1519. and arriued at the Iland of Acusamil The Inhabitants at first fled but by the kinde entertainment of some that were taken they returned and receiued him and his with all kinde Offices They told him of certaine bearded men in Yucatan whither Cortes sent and one of them Geronimo de Aguilar came vnto him who told him that by shipwracke at Iamaica their Caruell being lost twentie of them wandred in the boat without sayle water or bread thirteene or fourteene dayes in which space the violence of the Current had cast them on shoare in a Prouince called Maija where as they trauelled seuen died with famine and their Captayne Valdinia and other foure were sacrificed to the Idols by the Cacike or Lord of the Countrie and eaten in a solemne banquet and hee with sixe other were put into a coope or cage to be fatned for another Sacrifice But breaking prison they escaped to another Cacike enemie to the former where all the rest died but himselfe and Gonsalo Guerrer a Mariner Hee had transformed himselfe into the Indian Cut boring his Nose full of holes his eares iagged his face and hands painted married a wife and became a Captaine of name amongst the Indians and would not returne with this Aguilar Cortes with this new Interpreter passed vp the Riuer Tauasco called of the former Discouerer Grijalua where the Towne that stood thereon refusing to victuall him was taken and sacked The Indians here with enraged assembled an Armie of fortie thousand but Cortes by his Horse Ordnance preuayled the Indians thinking the Horse and Rider had beene but one Creature whose gaping and swiftnesse was terrible vnto them whereupon they submitted themselues When they heard the Horses ney they had thought the Horses could speake and demanded what they said the Spaniards answered These Horses are sore offended with you for fighting with them and would haue you corrected the simple Indians presented Roses and Hens to the beasts desiring them to eate and to pardon them Cortes purposed to discouer Westward because he heard that there were Mynes of Gold hauing first receiued their Vassalage to the King his Master to whom hee said the Monarchie of the Vniuersall did appertaine These were the first Vassals the Emperour had in New Spaine They named the Towne where these things were done Victorie before called Potonchan contayning neere fiue and twenty thousand Houses which are great made of Lime and Stone and Bricke and some of mudwals and rafters couered with Straw their dwelling is in the vpper part of the House for the moystnesse of the Soyle They did eate mans flesh sacrificed The Spaniards sailed further Westward and came to Saint Iohn de Vlhua where Teudilli the Gouernour of the Country came to him with foure thousand Indians He did his reuerence to the Captaine burning Frankincense after their custome and little strawes touched in the bloud of his owne bodie and then presented vnto him Victuals and Iewels of Gold and other curious workes of Feathers which Cortes requited with a Collar of Glasse and other things of small value A woman-slaue giuen him at Potonchan vnderstood their Language and she with Aguilar were his Interpreters Cortes professed himselfe the Seruant of a great Emperour which had sent him thither whose power is so highly extolled that Teudilli maruelled thinking there had beene no such Prince in the World as his Master and Souereigne the King of Mexico whose Vassal he was named Mutezuma To him he sent the representations of these bearded Men and their Horses Apparell Weapons Ordnance and other Rarities painted in Cotton-clothes their ships and numbers These painted Cottons he sent by Posts which deliuered them from one to another with such celeritie that in a day and night the message came to Mexico which was two hundred and ten miles distant
Cortes had demanded whether Mutezuma had Gold Teudilli affirmed and Cortes replyed That hee and his fellowes had a Disease of the heart whereunto Gold was the best remedie Mutezuma sent him many Cotton-clothes of diuers colours many Tuffes of Feathers two Wheeles the one of Siluer with the signe of the Moone and the other of Gold made like the Sunne which they hold for Gods and giue vnto them the colours of the Metals most like them Each Wheele was two yards and a halfe broad These with other parts of the Present were esteemed worth twenty thousand Duckets Mutezuma also professed ioy to heare of so great a Prince and so strange people and promised prouision of all necessaries but was very vnwilling that Cortes should come to see him as he pretended Yet Cortes persisted in that his desire of seeing Mutezuma that hee might further acquaint himselfe with the knowledge of those parts The silly Indians hauing neuer seene such strange sights came daily to the Campe to see them and when they heare the Ordnance discharged they fell downe flat thinking the Heauens had falne the ships they thought were the God of the Ayre called Quezalcouolt which came with the Temples on his backe for they daily looked for him Amongst the rest or rather aloofe off from the rest were certaine Indians of differing habit higher then the other and had the gristles of their Noses slit hanging ouer their mouthes and Rings of Iet and Amber hanging thereat their nether lips also bored and in the holes Rings of Gold and Turkesse-stones which weighed so much that their lips hung ouer ther chinnes leauing their teeth bare This vglinesse they accounted gallantry and such vncouth deformity to be the only brauery And thou Gallant that readest and deridest this madnesse of Fashion if thine eyes were not dazeled with lightnesse light I cannot cal it of selfe-reflected Vanitie mightest see as Monster-like fashions at home and a more fashionly Monster of thy selfe thy Clothes and Othes thy Gestures and Vestures make thy naked Deformitie worse then their thus deformed nakednesse both indeed seeme to haue receiued some Hellish Character if there may be bodily representation of that olde Serpent in these new Fashions striuing who shall shape himselfe neerest to that mishapen vglinesse wherein the Indianiagges himselfe out of humane lineaments the other swaggers himselfe further out of all Ciuill and Christian Ornaments But these Fashion-mongers haue made mee almost out of my fashion and to forget my selfe in remembring their forgetfulnesse These Indians of this New-cut Cortes caused to come to him and learned that they were of Zempoallan a Citie distant thence a dayes Iourney whom their Lord had sent to see what Gods were come in those Teucallis that is Temples so it seemeth that they called the ships which held no conuersation with the other Indians as being not subiect to Mutezuma but onely as they were holden in by force He gaue them certaine toyes and was glad to heare that the Indians of Zempoallan and other their Neighbors were not wel affected to Mutezuma but readie as farre as they durst to entertaine all occasions of war with him He sayled from thence to Panuco and passed the Riuer farther till he came to a little Towne where was a Temple with a little Towre and a Chappell on the top ascended by twentie steps in which they found some Idols many bloudie Papers and much Mans bloud of those which had beene sacrificed the blocke also whereon they cut open those Sacrifices and the Razors made of flint wherewith they opened their brests which strucke the Spaniards with some horrour and feare They passed a little further and there hauing taken possession in the Emperours name of the whole Country they founded the Towne De la vera Crux Cortes resigning his authoritie and Officers being elected and lastly all with generall consent appointing Cortes their Captaine §. II. CORTES his Expedition to Mexico and entertainment by MVTEZVMA COrtes went forward to Zempoallan where hee was solemnely receiued and lodged in a great House of Lime and Stone whited with Playster that shined in the Sunne as if it had beene Siluer so did the Siluer-conceits of the Spaniards imagine the desire of that Metall hauing made such an impression in their imagination that they told Cortes before he came at it they had seene a House with wals of Siluer Here and at Chiauiztlan Cortes incited them to rebell against Mutezuma and to become seruants to the Spaniards which they did and hee vnder-hand so wrought that Mutezuma tooke him for his friend All his intent was to fish in troubled waters and to set them both by the eares that hee might watch opportunitie to benefit himselfe His owne people rebelled some of whom he chastised with the halter and the whip for example to the rest and after caused all his shâ—ps to be sunke closely that they should not minde any returne Hee left an hundred and fifty men for the guard of the new Towne vnder Pedro de Henrico and with foure hundred Spaniards fifteene Horses and sixe Peeces of Artillery and 1300. Indians they went from Zempoallan and came to Zaclotan the Lord whereof was Olintler the subiect of Mutezuma who to testifie his ioy and to honour Cortes commanded fifty men to be sacrificed whose bloud they saw new and fresh They carried the Spaniards on their shoulders sitting on Beeres such as whereon they vse to carry dead men He bragged as much of the power of Mutezuma as the Spaniards of their Emperour Hee said hee had thirty Vassals each of which was able to bring into the field an hundred thousand men of warre and sacrificed twenty thousand men yeerely to the Gods in this he somewat exceeded the other was true although some yeeres the Sacrifices also were thought to amount to fifty thousand This Towne was great and had thirteene Temples in each of which were many Idols of stone of diuers fashions before whom they sacrificed Men Doues Quailes and other things with great perfumes and veneration Here Mutezuma had fiue thousand Souldiers in Garrison Cortes passed from thence to Mexico by the Frontiers of Tlaxcallon which were enemies to Mutezuma whom he might easily haue ouercome but reserued partly for the exercise of his subiects to the war partly for the Sacrifices to his Gods These ioyned an hundred and fifty thousand men against Cortes taking him for Mutezuma's friend and yet euery day sent him Guinny-cocks bread partly to espy his strength and partly in a brauery lest their glory should bee obscured in the conquest of men already starued But when in many skirmishes and fights they could not preuaile against that handfull of Spaniards they thought they were preserued from harme by inchantments and sent him three presents with this message that if he were that rigorous god which eateth mans flesh he should eate those fiue slaues which they brought him and they would bring
Medowes Fish and other things all very white which were the signes their God had giuen them of their promised Land In the night following Vitzliputzli appeared in a dreame to an ancient Priest saying That they should goe seeke out a Tunall in the Lake which grew out of a stone vpon which they should see an Eagle feeding on small Birds which they should hold for the place where their City should be built to become famous through the world Hereupon the next day they all assembled and diuiding themselues into bands made that search with great diligence and deuotion In their search they met with the former Water-course not white as it was then but red like bloud diuiding it selfe into two streames one of which was an obscure Azure At last they espied the Eagle with wings displayed toward the Sunne compassed about with many rich feathers of diuers colours and holding in his Tallons a goodly Bird. At this sight they fell on their knees and worshipped the Eagle with great demonstrations of ioy and thankes to Vitzliputzli For this cause they called the Citie which there they founded Tenoxtiltan which signifies Tunal on a stone and till this day carry in their Armes an Eagle vpon a Tunal with a bird in his Tallon The next day following by common consent they made an Heremitage adioyning to the Tunal of the Eagle that the Arke of their God might rest there till they might haue meanes to build him a sumptuous Temple This they made of Flagges and Turfes couered with Straw Afterwards they consulted to buy of their neighbours Stone Timber Lime in exchange of Fish Fowles Frogges and other things which they hunted for in the Lake by which meanes they procuring necessaries built a Chappell of Lime and Stone and laboured to fill vp part of the Lake with rubbish The Idoll commanded that they should diuide themselues into foure principall quarters about this house and each part build therein to which he enioyned certaine Gods to his appointment called Calpultecco which is Quarter Gods This was the beginning of Mexico §. II. The Historie of eight of their first Kings THis diuision seemed not equall to some of the Ancients who valued their deserts farre aboue their allotted portion who therefore separated themselues and went to Tlatedulco whose practices against the Mexicans caused them to chuse a King to which Soueraigntie was chosed Acamapitzli Nephew to the King of Culhuacan and of the Mexican bloud by the Fathers side Him by Embassage they demanded and obtained in the name of their God with this answere from the King of Culhuacan Let my Grand-child goe to serue your God and be his Lieutenant to rule and gouerne his Creatures by whom we liue who is the Lord of Night Day and Windes Let him goe and bee Lord of the Water and Land and possesse the Mexican Nations c. Hee was solemnely welcommed by the Mexicans welcome thou art saith an Orator vnto him in their name to this poore House and City amongst the Weedes and Mud where thy poore Fathers Grand-fathers and Kinsfolkes endure what it pleaseth the Lord of things created Remember Lord thou commest to bee our defence and to bee the resemblance of Vitzliputzli not to rest thy selfe but to endure a new charge with many words to that effect expressed in the Mexican Histories reserued by tradition the children to that end learning them by heart and these being as Presidents to them which learned the Art Oratorie After this they were sworne and hee crowned The Crowne was like that of the Dukes of Venice His name Acamapitzly signifieth a handfull of Reedes and therefore they carrie in their Armories a hand holding many Arrowes of Reedes The Mexicans at this time were tributaries to the Tapanecans whose chiefe Citie was Azcapuzalco who iudging according to the nature of Enuie and Suspition that they were so much weaker how much the stronger they saw their neighbours thought to oppresse them by a strange policie in imposing an vncouth and in shew impossible tribute which was that they should bring the Tapunecan King a Garden planted and growing in the water In this their distresse Vitzliputzli taught them to doe it by casting earth vpon Reedes and Grasse laid in the Lake and planting in this mouing Garden Maiz Figs Gourds and other things which at the time appointed they carried growing and ripe a thing often since proued in that Lake emulous no lesse of that glorie to be accounted one of the Wonders in that New World then those pensill Gardens towred vp in the Ayre at Babylon both heere and there the reason of Man according to his naturall priuiledge subiecting to his vse the most rebellious Elements of Ayre and Water Acamapitzli the Mexican King after he had raigned fortie yeeres dyed leauing it to their choice to chuse his Successor They chose his Sonne Vitzilovitli which signifieth a rich Feather they anointed him with an Oyntment which they call Diuine being the same wherewith they anointed their Idoll Of their Coronation thus Lopez de Gomara saith that this was done by the High Priest attired in his Pontificalibus attended with many others in Surplices the Oyntment was as blacke as Inke They blessed him and sprinkled him foure times with Holy-Water made at the time of the Consecration of their God Then they put vpon his head a Cloth painted with the bones and skuls of dead men clothed him with a blacke garment and vpon that a blue both painted with figures of skuls and bones Then did they hang on him Laces and bottles of Powders whereby he was deliuered from diseases and Witchcrafts Then did he offer Incense to Vitzliputzli and the High Priest tooke his Oath for the maintenance of their Religion to maintayne Iustice and the Lawes to cause the Sunne to giue his light and the Clouds to raine and the earth to be fruitfull c Lastly followed the acclamations of the people crying God saue the King with dances c. He being crowned and hauing receiued homage of his Subiects obtained the King of Azcapuzalco his daughter to wife by whom he had a sonne called Chimalpopoca and procured a relaxation of Tribute from his father in Law Hee was deuout in his Superstitions hauing raigned thirteene yeeres he dyed His son then but ten yeeres old was chosen in his roome but was soone after slaine by the Inhabitants of Azcapuzalco The Mexicans inraged with this iniury assembled themselues and an Orator among many other words tels them That the Sunne is eclipsed and darkened for a time but will returne suddenly in the choice of another King They agreed vpon Izcoalt which signifieth a Snake of Rsors the sonne of Acamapixtli their first King The common people were earnest with this new King for peace with the Tapanecans for the obtaining whereof they would carry their God in his Litter for an intercessor This was hindered by Tlacaellec the Kings Nephew a resolute and valiant
licence departed He sent with him many Guianians all laden with as much Gold as they could carrie but before he entred Orenoque the Orenoqueponi robbed him of all but of two Bottels of Gold beads which they had thought had beene his drinke or meate Thus escaped he to Trinidado and died after at Saint Iuan de Puerto-rico where in his extremes he vttered these things to his Confessor He called the Citie Manoa El Dorado the gilded or golden because that at their drunken Solemnities in which vice no Nation vnder Heauen excels them when the Emperour carowseth with any of his Commanders they that pledge him are stripped naked and their bodies anointed with a kinde of white Balsamum and then certaine seruants of the Emperour hauing prepared Gold made into fine powder blow it thorow hollow Canes vpon their naked bodies vntill they bee all shining from the foot to the head and in this sort they fit drinking by twenties and hundreds and continue in drunkennesse sometimes sixe or seuen dayes together Vpon this sight and for the abundance of Gold he saw in the Citie the Images in the Temples the Plates Armours and Shields of Gold vsed in their Warres he gaue the Citie that name Iuan de Castellanos reckoneth twentie seuerall Expeditions of some or other Spaniards for this Guianian Discouery with little effect saue that diuers lost their liues therein Anno 1543. Gonzalo Pizarro sent a Captaine named Orellana from the borders of Peru who with fifty men were carried by the violent current of the Riuer that they could not return to Pizarro he descended not in Orenoque the Guianian Riuer but in Maragnon called of him Orellana which Iosephus Acosta writeth from the Relation of one of their Societie who being a Boy had bin in the Expedition of Pedro de Orsua for this Discouery and had sailed the Riuer thorow that in the middest men can see nothing but the Skie as before is said and the Riuer and that it is seuentie leagues broad vnder the Aequinoctiall Martin Fernandez maketh it seuen degrees and a halfe to the North of the Line and fifteen leagues broad and the Sea of fresh water to bee another Riuer of forty leagues breadth others haue written otherwise which varying proceedeth from that varietie of Armes or mouthes of Orenoque or Raleana and Marannon or Amazones which since haue beene better discouered as Master Keymis Master Masham and others employed in this action haue found by experience It riseth in Quito Orellana sayled in it sixe thousand miles In all these parts their greatest treasure is multitude of women and children Topiawari made a heauie complaint that whereas they were wont to haue ten or twelue wiues now they had not aboue three or foure by reason of the wars with the Epuremei their Enemies whereas the Lords of the Epuremei had fifty or a hundred and their war is more for women then either for Gold or Dominion After Orellana Pedro de Orsua was employed with fiue hundred Souldiers for the conquest of the Amazons as they called it but for a beautifull woman which he had with him was slaine by conspiracie of Lope de Aguirre which loued her and Fernando de Guzman whom they saluted King c. Veg. pag. 2. lib. 8. c. 14. Berreo in the search for Guiana tooke his Iourney from Nueuo Reyno de Granado where he dwelt with seuen hundred Horse but trauelling he lost many of his company and Horse at Amapaia the soyle is a low Marish and the water issuing thorow the Bogs is red and venemous which poysoned the Horses and infected the men at noone the Sunne had made it more wholesome for their vse This new Kingdome of Granada is two hundred leagues within Land Southward from Cartagena It had that name because the Captaine that discouered it was of Granada in Spaine The plenty of Emeralds in these parts hath made that Gemme of lesse worth The next Prouince to this is called Popayan in both which the Spaniards haue many Townes And by the Riuer of Orenoque both may be inuaded All the parts from the Golden Castle and the Gulfe of Vraba to Paria yeeld Caribes or Canibals which eate mans flesh and geld children to make them more fat and tender for their diet And in all Inland parts neere Peru and in the Hils called Andes which some call Golden Castile they little differ Ciezar saith That in the Valley of Anzerma they keepe certaine Tablets amongst the Reeds wherein they carue the Image of the Deuill in a terrible shape also the figures of Cats and other Idols which they worship To them they pray for raine or faire weather they haue commerce with the Deuill and obserue such Superstitions as he enioyneth them They are great man-eaters At the doores of their houses they haue small Courts wherein are their graues in deepe Vaults opening to the East in which they bury their great men with all their wealh The Curies are not far from them they haue no Temple nor Idoll They haue conference with the Deuill They marry with their Neeces and Sisters and are man-eaters They call the Deuill Xaxarama They esteeme Virginitie little worth In the Prouince of Arma the Deuill doth often appeare to the Indians in honour of whom they sacrifice their Captiues taken in Warre hanging them vp by the shoulders and pulling out the hearts of some of them In Paucora they haue like Deuillish Deuotions and their Priests are their Oracles Before the house of the chiefe Lord was an Idoll as bigge as a man with his face to the East and his armes open They sacrificed two Indians euery Tuesday in this Prouince to the Deuill In the Prouince of Pozo in the houses of their Lords they had many Idols in such resemblance as the Deuill had assumed in his Apparitions And in those Idols he would also speake and giue answeres In Carrapa they are extreame Drunkards when any is sicke they offer Sacrifices to the Deuill for his recouery In Quinbaya is a Hill which casteth forth smoke but a more Hellish smoke is their conference and commerce with the Deuill like the former In the Prouince of Cali they likewise conferre with the Deuill they haue no Temples or Houses of Religion They make deepe pits for Sepulchres of their great men where their Armour Wealth and food is set about them Their lust subiecteth the Neece and Sister to their Marriages In Popayan they are man-eaters as also in the forenamed Prouinces They obserue the same Caninall and Deuillish Rites with the former framing their Superstitions to the Deuils direction in their mutuall Colloquies They bury with their Lords some of his Wiues and Prouision Some of them are great Wizards and Sorcerers In Pasto they talke also with the Deuill a thing common to al these parts of the Indies But let vs leaue these steepe and cold Hils these men of the Deuill whom they worship
Spanish Wine They eate Serpents and Toads which with them are not venemous and Lizards Our Authour saw one Lizard as big as a man with scales on her backe like Oysters They haue a kind of Monkey called Sagouin of the bignesse of a Squirrell the fore-halfe in shape resembling a Lion they haue another strange beast called Coaty as high as a Hare with a little head sharpe eares and a snout or beake aboue a foot long the mouth so little that one can scarsely put in his little finger it feedeth on Ants They take Petum it is not Tobacco not in Pipes but put foure or fiue leaues in another greater and firing it sucke in the smoke and therewith in time of warre will sustaine themselues three dayes together without other sustinance They weare this herbe about their neckes When Sir Francis Drake made his famous and fortunate Voyage about the World in the South-Sea he lost the rest of his company the Elizabeth wherein M. Winter was which returned into England and a Pinnesse wherein were seuen men besides Peter Carder the relater of this History This Pinnesse being alone returned backe the Straits and on the North side of the Riuer of Plate sixe went on shore into the wood to seeke food where threescore and ten Tapines shot at them and wounded all whereof two dyed soone after foure were taken their Pinnesse also being broken onely Peter Carder and William Pitcher remained which liued in an Iland two moneths on a fruit somewhat like Orenges Crabs without any fresh-water the want whereof forced them to drinke their owne Vrine saued in sherds for that purpose till the next morning weary of this life which began to grow weary of them they with a planke and certaine boords made shift in three dayes to set themselues ouer into the maine three leagues distant where meeting with fresh-water this Pitcher was broken and dyed within halfe an houre of ouer eager drinking Carder encountred certaine Sauages called Tappaubasse which led him away dancing rattling tabering They slept on beds of white Cotton netting tyed two foot from the ground and a fire on each side to preuent cold and wild beasts the next day they marched twenty miles to their Towne which was foure-square with foure houses euery house being two bow-shoot in length made with small trees like Arbours thatched to the ground with Palme-tree leaues hauing no windowes but thirty or forty doores on each side the square Their chiefe Lord was named Caion about forty yeeres old he had nine wiues the rest but one except the most valiant which were permitted two one for the house another to goe with him to the warres In this Towne were neere foure thousand persons Hee found among them good entertainment for certaine moneths They vsed to goe to the Warres three or foure hundred in a company with bowes and arrowes and hauing ouercome would bring home their captiues tyed by the arme to so many of their mens armes and soone after would tye them to a poste and with a club after dancing and drinking slit their heads Their drinke is made of a root chewed by women and spit into a trough where it stands two or three dayes and hath a yest on it like Ale and then is tunned into earthen jarres wherewith they drinke themselues drunke After halfe a yeere hauing learned the Language he was requested to their Warres against the Tapwees and much bettered their martiall skill teaching them to make an hundred Targets of tree-barke and two hundred clubs marking their owne company with red Balsam of this they haue red white blacke very odoriferous and so marched seuen hundred together three dayes to another foure-square Towne like but lesse then their owne They knocked downe two hundred tooke twenty they broyled their carkasses and after also the prisoners How many men they kill so many holed they make in their visage beginning at the nether lippe and so proceeding to the cheeke eye-browes and eares Some Portugals came to search for him two of which and some Negros were taken and eaten Hee obtained leaue to goe to the Coast hauing foure to prouide him victuals for nine or ten weekes and so came to Bahia de todos los Santos where he yeelded himselfe to Michael Ionas a Portugall and arriued in England in Nouember 1586. nine yeeres after his setting forth §. III. Most ample Relations of the Brasilian Nations and Customes by Master ANTHONY KNIVET MAster Anthony Kniuet hath written a Treatise of what he had seene and suffered in Brasil He was one of Master Candishes company in his vnfortunate voyage 1591. who after much misery sustained in the Magellan Straits in their returne was set on shore at St Sebastians where many of his company died with eating a kinde of blacke venemous Pease Hee saw there a great beast come out of the Riuer hauing on the backe great scales vgly clawes and a long tayle which thrust out a tongue like a harping iron but returned without harme Hee found a dead Whale which with long lying was couered with Mosse on which hee yet liued a fortnight His company were knocked on the head with firebrands and he like to be eaten of the Sauages but escaped this and many other miseries and was saued by the Iesuites from being hanged by the Portugals Where his calamities compelled him with another Indian in like predicament of slauerie to escape by flying swimming two miles ouer the Sea and so they trauelled seuen and thirty dayes thorow a desart meeting by the way as he saith Lyons Leopards huge Serpents Some Indians they saw with feathers of diuers colours fixed on their bodies and heads with oyle of Balsam seeming as if they had bin so borne not leauing a spot bare but on their legs The Sauages sell their children to the Portugals for toyes Some of them were so haunted with a Spirit which they called Coropio like that which Lerius his Sauages called Aignan that some of them dyed therewith in much amazement Many complained that they were possessed with spirits which they called Auasaly and commanded themselues to bee bound hand and foot with bow-strings desiring their friends to beat them with cords wherewith they hang their beds but most died notwithstanding They haue wormes which creepe into their fundaments which consume their guts for remedie whereof they take slices of Limons and greene pepper and put therein with salt water He in diuers expeditions for war and Merchandize with the Portugals and escapes from them trauelled thorow more of those Sauage nations then perhaps any other before or since Out of whole obseruations bought at so deare a rate I haue heere mustered these many wild people before thee with such rarities as hee found amongst them The Petiuares are not so barbarous as many other they inhabite from Baya to Rio Grande their bodies are carued with fine workes in their lips is a hole made with a Roe-Bucks horne which
heapes of bones of the slaine he slue 60000. of the Canari destroyed Tumebamba and conquered as farre as Tumbez and Caximalca hee sent a great Army with Quisquiz and Calicucima two valiant Captaines with such successe as you haue heard against Guascar whom they tooke and by his direction slue Gomara attributeth the death of Atabaliba to Philippillus the Spanish Interpreter who to enioy one of his Wiues accused him of conspiracie against the Spaniards but Benzo with more likelihood affirmeth that Pizarro from his first taking had intended it For hee might haue sent him into Spaine as Atabaliba requested if he had feared such secret practices but his request and purgation were reiected and foure Negro's which hee vsed for that purpose strangled him at his command He had many Wiues whereof the chiefe was his Sister named Pagha He seeing the glasses of Europe maruelled much as before is said that they hauing so faire a thing would go so farre for Gold His Murtherers dyed the like bloudie ends Almagro was executed by Pizarro and he slaine by young Almagro and him Vacca de Castra did likewise put to death Iohn Pizarro was slaine of the Indians Martin another of the Brethren was slaine with Francis Ferdinandus was imprisoned in Spaine and his end vnknowne Gonzales was done to death by Gasca Soto dyed of thought in Florida and Ciuill Warres ate vp the rest in Peru Before the times of the Ingua's their Gouernment in these parts was as still it is in Arauco and the Prouinces of Chili by Cominalties or the aduice of many The Gouernment of the Ingua's continued betweene three and foure hundred yeeres although for a long time their Signiorie was not aboue fiue or sixe leagues compasse about the Citie of Cusco where the originall of their conquests began and extended from Pasto to Chili almost 1000 leagues in length betweene the Andes and the South Sea The Canaries were their mortall Enemies and fauoured the Spaniards and at this day if they fall to comparisons whether the Ingua's or Canari were the more valiant they will kill one another by thousands as hath hapned in Cusco The practice which they vsed to make themselues Lords was a fiction that since the generall Deluge whereof all the Indians haue knowledge the World had beene preserued peopled and restored by them and that seuen of them came out of the Caue of Pacaricambo and that they also were the Authors of the true Religion The first of these Ingua's was Mangocapa which came out of the Caue of Tambo six leagues from Cusco Of him came two Families the Hanancusco of whom came these Lords and the Vrincusco Ingaroca the first Lord was no great Lord but was serued in Vessels of Gold and Siluer And dying he appointed that all his treasure should be employed for the seruice of his bodie and for the feeding of his Family His Successor did the like and this grew to a generall custome that no Ingua might inherit his Fathers goods He built a new Palace In the time of Ingaroca the Indians had Images of Gold Yaguaraguaque succeeded Virococha the next successor was very rich Gonzale Pizarro with cruell torments forced the Indians to confesse where his body was for the report of the treasures buried with him the body he burnt and the Indians reserued and worshipped the ashes They tooke it ill that this Ingua called himselfe Viracocha which is the name of their God but hee to satisfie them said that Viracocha appeared to him in a Dreame and commanded him to take his name Pachacuti Ingua Yupaugui succeeded him who was a great Conquerour Politician and Author of their Ceremonies he raigned 70. yeeres and fained himselfe sent of Viracocha to establish his Religion and Empire After him followed Guaynacapa the Father of Guascar and Atabaliba which brought this Empire to the greatest height The Indians opened him after his decease leauing his heart and entrailes in Quito the body was carried to Cusco and placed in the Temple of the Sunne He was worshipped of his Subiects for a God being yet aliue which was not done to any of his Predecessors When he dyed they slue a thousand persons of his houshold to serue him in the other life all which dyed willingly for his seruice insomuch that many offered themselues to death besides such as were appointed His treasure was admirable Hee vsed alwayes to haue with him many Oregioni which were his men of Warre and ware shooes and feathers and other signes of Nobilitie he was serued of the eldest Sonnes and Heires of all his chiefe Subiects euery one clothed after his owne Countrey Rite he had many Counsellours and Courtiers in differing degrees of honour Euery one at his entrance into the Palace put off his shooes and might not looke him in the face when they spake to him All the Vessels of his House Table and Kitchin were of Gold and Siluer and the meanest of Siluer and Copper for strength and hardnesse of Metall He had in his Wardrobe hollow Statues which seemed Gyants and were of Gold and the figures in proportion and bignesse of all the Beasts Birds Trees and Herbs in his Kingdome and of the Fishes likewise He had Ropes Budgets Troughs and Chests of Gold and Siluer heapes of Billets of Gold that seemed Wood cut out for the fire There was nothing in his Kingdome but he had the counterfeit in Gold Yea they say That the Ingua's had a Garden of pleasure in an Iland neer Puna which had all kind of Garden herbs flowres and trees of Gold and Siluer He had also an infinite quantitie of Siluer and Gold wrought in Cusco which was lost by the death of Guascar which the Indians concealed as is said from the Spaniards Xeres saith hee had three houses full of pieces of Gold and fiue full of Siluer and a 100000. Plates or Tiles of Gold euery of which weighed fifty Castlins What honors were done to him after his death appeares by that his golden Temple or Chappell where he was buried where hee had continuall attendance of Dancers and Musicians and such as stood with Fans to scarre away the Flyes When any came to see the Cacique they came first to performe their Ceremonies to this Image He had 200. children by diuers women Acosta sayth That he had descended from his owne loynes aboue 300. children and grand children When his Sonnes Guascar and Atibaliba were dead another of his Sonnes called Mangocapa continued the wars a while with the Spaniards and after retyred himselfe to Villa Bamba where he kept in the Mountaynes and there the Ingua's raigned vntill Amaro was taken and executed in Cusco Some remnants of them haue since bin christened The other Family of the Ingua's which descended of the first Mangocupa called Vrincusco had their successions also and Gouernment which here to discourse of were to my proposed scope impertinent Leauing therefore the Conquerours and Conquest of Peru let vs
of his Horse wherof hee dyed and asked where hee was most pained sayd in his Soule as guilty to himselfe of his former cruelties and couetousnesse This is the profit of vnsanctified and ill-sanctified Gold the one whereof we see in these Peruuian Temples thus spoyled by the Spaniards who in the other respect were more spoyled by this spoyle and purchase What golden dayes these were to the Spaniards this History in diuers places sheweth From one Palace of Cusco sayth Xeres they tooke seuen hundred plates of Gold each whereof weighed fiue hundred Castlins from another House the weight of two hundred thousand Two Houses of Gold hee speakes of the very thatch being counterfeit in Gold the strawes with the eares artificially wrought But euery where are these Relations wrought and embrodered with Cusco Gold Aluarados Armie which he brought into Peru had perished as Cieza relateth with drought but for certaine Canes as bigge as a mans legge which betweene the knots contayned a pottle of water extracted from the dewes for there fell no raine in those parts Giraua sayth that the Inhabitants of Anzerma were in their Warres armed with complete Harnesse of Gold and that about Quito there were Mynes whence more Gold was taken then Earth I tye no mans credit to these reports but sure it is that they had these Metals in abundance which the Spanish warres haue made our European World to feele more managed and mayntayned by Indian wedges then Spanish Blades But let vs come from their Mynes to their Minds which for heauenly things were as ful of drosse as the other were of purer Metals CHAP. X. Of the many Gods of Peru their opinions of the Creation Floud and end of the World §. I. Of their Gods THe Peruuians acknowledged a Supreme Lord and Authour of all things which they called Viracocha and gaue him names of great excellencie as Pachacamas or Pachayachachis which is the Creator of Heauen and Earth and Vsapu that is admirable and other the like Him they did worship as the chiefest of all and honoured him in beholding the Heauens Yet had they no proper name for God no more then the Mexicans but such as in this sort might signifie him by his attributes or workes and therefore are forced to vse the Spanish name Dios In the name of Pachacamac or Creator they had a rich Temple erected to him wherein they worshipped notwithstanding the Deuill and certaine figures The name of Viracocha was of the greatest sound in their deuotions and so they called the Spaniards esteeming them the Sonnes of Heauen Benzo alledgeth another cause of that name giuen to the Spaniards It signifieth saith he the froth of the Sea Vira is froth Cochie the Sea because they thought them ingendred of Sea froth and nourished therewith in regard of their couetousnesse and crueltie deuouring all things applying that name to them in respect of their wicked practices and not for Diuine Originall Yea they curse the Sea which sent such a cursed brood into the Land The Spaniards came thither by Sea as you haue heard If I sayth Benzo asked any of them for any Christian by that Title they would neyther looke on me nor answere but if I enquired for them by the name of Viracochie they would presently make answere And there would the Father point to the child goes a Viracochi In this they agreed with the ancient Grecian Ethnikes which termed the most inhumane Monsters of humanitie and the cruellest Tyrants the Sonnes of Neptune as procreated of the Sea Such were Procrustes Polyphemus and others To reconcile these two wholly is impossible not so to shew some reason why the same name might bee giuen both to their Idoll and the Spaniards These might bee so termed as comming thither at first by Sea and haply because at the first they thought somewhat more then humane to be in them and that which at first they gaue for honour may now bee continued in an Ironie or Antiphrasis whiles they thought them better then Men and found them little inferiour to Deuils Viracocha their great Authour of Nature may bee called by this Sea name for some especiall Sea Rites obserued in his honour or for the same cause that the Mythologians ascribe to Venus her Sea-generation For they pictured Venus swimming on the Sea as Albricus affirmeth and the Poet singeth Venus Orta Mari which the Mythologians apply to the motion and moysture required to generation and to that frothy nature of the Sperme So sayth Phornutus Venus è Mari nata perhibetur quòd ad omnium generationis causam motu humiditate opus sit Et fortè quòd spumosa sint animantium semina therefore sayth Fulgentius she is called Aphrodite for Aphros is Froth and so is Lust in regard of the vanitie and so is Seed in regard of naturall qualitie Perhaps also the first Master of Viracochas Mysteries which taught them first in Peru came thither by Sea But to returne to Acosta he telleth that the Ingua Yupangui to make himselfe more respected deuised that being one day alone Viracocha the Creator spake to him complayning that though hee were vniuersall Lord and Creator of all things and had made the Heauen the Sunne the World and Men and ruled all yet they did not yeeld him due obedience but did equally honour the Sunne Thunder Earth and other things giuing him to vnderstand that in Heauen where hee was they called him Viracocha Pachayachachia which signifieth vniuersall Creator promising also that hee would send men inuisibly to assist him against the Changuas who had lately defeated his Brother Vnder this colour he assembled a mightie Armie and ouerthrew the Changuas and from that time commanded that Viracocha should be held for vniuersall Lord and that the Images of the Sunne and Thunder should doe him reuerence And thenceforth they set his Image highest yet did he not dedicate any thing to him saying that hee being Lord of all had no need As for those inuisible Souldiers a conceit like that which wee haue mentioned of the Turkes he said that no man might see them but himselfe and since they were conuerted into stones and in that regard gathered a multitude of stones in the Mountaynes and placed them for Idols sacrificing them He called them Pururaucas and carried them to the warres with great deuotion making his Souldiers beleeue that they had gotten the victory through their helpe And by this meanes he obtayned goodly victories Next to Viracocha they worshipped the Sunne and after him the Thunder which they called by three names Chuquilla Catuilla and Intijllapa supposing it to be a man in Heauen with a Sling and a Mace in whose power it is to cause Raine Haile Thunder and other effects of the ayrie Region This Guaca so they called both their Idols and Temples was Generall to all the Indians of Peru and in Cusco they sacrificed to
the Day which the Lord hath made wee will reioyce and bee glad in it And now I see a better sight then all my Pilgrimage could yeeld Christian Churches without Heathenish Iewish or Antichristian pollutions a Royall King truely entituled Defender of the Faith a Learned Clergie wise and Honourable Counsellers peaceable and loyall Commons in a word England presents it selfe to mine eyes representing to my mind a Map of Heauen and Earth in the freedome of Bodie and Soule yea where our subiection and seruice is Freedome which I haue not else-where found in all my Perambulation of the World I feele my selfe herewith rauished and in a ioyfull extasie cannot but crie out It is good for vs to bee heere in the true Church and Suburbs of the true Heauen Heere then Reader let me rest me till I see whether thy kind acceptation of this will make mee willing to accept another and neerer but harder European Pilgrimage Trin-vni Deo gloria TWO RELATIONS ONE OF THE NORTHEASTERNE PARTS EXTRACTED OVT OF SIR IEROME HORSEY KNIGHT HIS many yeeres obseruations and experience in his frequent and Honourable Employments to and from the Muscouite Emperours and the adioyning PRINCES THE OTHER OF THE SOVTHEASTERNE Parts viz. GOLCHONDA and other adiacent Kingdomes within the Bay of Bengala Written by Mr. William Methold MOLLIA CVM DVRIS LONDON Printed by William Stansby for Henry Fetherstone and are to bee sold at his shop in Pauls Church-yard at the signe of the Rose 1626. To the Reader REader I here present vnto thee in a later seruice that which deserued a fitter place in another Worke and which I had sought with much industrie before without successe I am ashamed againe to tell thee with what little effect my Russian labours for Intelligence were seconded but since my PILGRIMES published Sir Ierome Horseys kindnesse offered me without seeking better Intelligence then any others could haue giuen for the times of Iuan and Feodore with the politike preparations of Boris vnto the Muscouian Empire a Story whereof I was so much more desirous to publish because our Age if euer so short a time in any Age or any State can hardly parallel the like practises of humane Policies to couetous cruell ambitious ends ended in the Authours and Actors owne Tragedies God taking the wise in their craftinesse and iustly spoyling the vniust spoylers of their spoyles liues states yea rooting out their whole Families the greatnesse and glory whereof they had sought to aduance by such wicked courses and withall punishing the wickednes of the people by so frequent forreigne Inuasions and intestine Combustions that wee may out of others euils learne this good Discite iustitiam moniti the true vse of all Historie I had out of Alexander Gwagninus Paulus Oderbornius and others collected some Relations of Iuan Vasiliwich and his Sonnes but those could see but the out-sides of things and giue vs but huskes shels and rumours which often are vncertaine sometimes false but here wee present an Eye-witnesse which tooke not vp Newes on trust by wonted Bils and Tales of Exchange but was admitted vnto the Mysteries of that State in the Historie of the Imperiall Acts written in their Records and in his owne personall and honourable Employments betwixt Queene Elizabeth of glorious Memory and the Russian Emperours And indeed want of the Languages of remote Regions hath hatched many imperfect Histories the blind leading the blind into errour wherein as I haue euer loued truth so was I glad to rectifie our Russian Relations by opportunitie of so worthy a Guide whose Papers had before furnished Doctor Fletcher with the best peeces of his Intelligence Euen here also I was straitned in time the Presse pursuing me so fast that I had not leisure to transcribe at large the Authours Danish Polish and Germane Relations nor to adde forme or beauty from Arte and perhaps this natiue nakednesse in a Iournall or Trauelling Method will be to some most acceptable The Author and matter addes better lustre to the Worke then my words can the one so full of varietie and weight the other an experienced and Religious Knight employed in many and honourable Seruices of State and honouring the Name and Family of the Horseys with his Acts Arts and good Parts Who had long since also dedicated this Worke to that Honourable Patriote Sir Francis Walsingham Now for Master Methold I had spared some of Frederikes Balbies and Fitches Relations if these had comne in time which so many times I had both by messages and in person sought and by reason of the Authours absence or businesses was frustrate But the Reader will finde his labour and cost recompensed in the Rarities of matter and stile also trauelling beyond the wonted pace of a Merchant-Traueller The Relation is correspondent to the Subiect it entreates of a Mine of Diamants and is a Mine of Diamants it selfe Gemmes may bee put on after the whole bodie so I call my former large Worke is attired and after that full repast as Indian Drugs vsed in second Seruices it will second thee with a new and refresh thee with a fresh Indian appetite and present vnto thee like Spectacles after great Feasts such a muster of Indian Elements affaires men arts Religions customes and other varieties as before we were not able to bring on our Stage Vale fruere EXTRACTS OVT OF SIR IEROME HORSEYS OBSERVATIONS IN SEVENTEENE YEERES TRAVELS AND EXPERIENCE IN RVSSIA AND OTHER COVNTRIES ADIOYNING Hauing before seene FRANCE and the Low Countries by Sir EDWARD HORSEYS meanes and in the company and charge of Master William Mericke Agent for the Company I Arriued in Muscouia A. 1573. and hauing some smack in the Greeke by affinity thereof in short space attained the ready knowledge of their vulgar speech the Sclauonian Tongue the most copious elegant Language of the World with some small difference of Dialect comming neere the Polish Lettois and Transyluanian and all those Countries adiacent being vsed by Merchants in Turkie also Persia in India I read their Chronicles written and kept in secret by a great Prince of that Country Knez Misthislofskie who out of his loue and fauour imparted vnto mee many secrets obserued in the memory of his fourescore yeeres time of the nature and gouernment of that State To omit things of former ages Vasily Andreowich hauing enlarged his Dominions vpon the Pole and Swethen and specially on the Crimme Tartars left his people strong and rich his Countries diuided into foure parts and two Sonnes the eldest of fiue yeeres called Volica Knez Iuan Vasilliwich which reigned after him the other of two yeeres Duke of Vaga Iuan grew vp comely in person indued with excellent gifts At twelue yeeres age he married Nastacia Romanoua which became so wise and vertuous that she was much loued and feared a long time carrying the whole sway Her Husband being young and riotous she ruled with admirable wisdome so that he
knowne and honourably entertayned I had now gotten foure or fiue Seruants Dutch and English The Burgomasters sent mee a Present of Fish Flesh and Wines taking notice of the fauours I had done to them and theirs diuers came with thankfull acknowledgement of their Redemption by my meanes and Purse from Moscouite and Tartarian Captiuity and presented me with a Boll couer guilt in it Ricks Dollers and Hungarian Duckets which Coyne I returned againe They brought mee their Towne Booke and prayed mee to write my Name and place of Birth and abode that they and their Posteritie might honour my Name in Record for euer At Hamburgh likewise they for like cause presented me their thankes and Present and the Burgomasters feasted me I landed at Harwich opened my Aquauitae Bottle which had beene girt close vnder my Caffocke by day and my best Pillow by night and tooke thence the Emperours Letters which I sweetned aswell as I could But yet the Queene smelt the Aquauitae-sauour I had accesse three or foure seuerall times and some discourse by meanes of my Lord Treasurer Sir Francis Walsingham and some honourable countenance of my Lord of Leister by Sir Edward Horsey my Kinsman his meanes I was well entertayned by the Muscouie Company to whom the Queene had giuen command to prepare those things for which the Emperour had giuen directions With which and her Maiesties Letters gracious fauour sworne her Seruant Esquire of the Body giuing me her Picture Hand to kisse I departed in company of twelue tall Ships Wee met with the King of Denmarke his Fleet of Shippes and Gallies neere the North Cape fought with them and put them to the worst and after arriued at S. Nicolas I posted ouer Vaga and came to Slobida Alexandrisca where I deliuered the Queenes Letters to the Emperour with her pleasure by word of mouth short of his expectation He commanded my silence commended my speed and businesse done for him gaue me allowanances and promised his goodnesse for recompence of my seruice He commanded also that those Commodities should be brought vp to the Musco and receiued into his Treasury viz. Copper Lead Powder Salt-peeter Brimstone c. to the value of 9000. pounds and ready mony payd for them He came to the Citie of Musco and cast his displeasure vpon some Grandes hee sent a Parasite of his with 200. Gunners to rob his Brother in Law Mekita Romanowich our next Neighbour which tooke from him all his Armour Horses Plate Mony Lands and Goods to the value of 100000. Marks sterling He sent the next day to the English House for as much course Cotton as would make himselfe and his children Gownes to couer them The Emperour sent likewise Simon Nagoy another of his Instruments to squeeze or spunge Andrew Shalkan a great bribing Officer who brought his faire young Wife Solumaneda out of her Chamber defiled her cut and gashed her naked backe with his Cemitar killed his trusty Seruant Iuan Lottish tooke all his Horses Goods and Lands and beat out of his shinnes 10000. Robles or Markes sterling in mony At that time did the Emperour also conceiue displeasure against the Dutchmen and Liuonians before mentioned to whom a Church and libertie of Religion had beene giuen by my meanes and appointed certaine Captaines with 2000. Gunners in the night to take the spoile of all they had who stripped them naked rauished and defloured the women and virgins carrying away diuers of the youngest and fairest to serue their lusts Some escaping came to the English house where they were cloathed and relieued not without danger of displeasure amongst whom was that daughter of the Gouernour of Osell in Liefland commended to my fauour whose freedome I also afterwards procured and conueyed her to her father His crueltie grew now ripe for vengeance and hee not long after falling out with his eldest Sonne for his commiseration to those distressed Christians and for greeuing at his Vnkles wrongs iealous also of the peoples affection to him gaue him a boxe on the eare as it was tearmed which he tooke so tenderly that hee fell into a burning Feuer and in three dayes departed this life Whereat the Emperour tore his haire and beard like a mad man lamenting too late for that irrecouerable losse not to himselfe so much as to the Empire whose hopes were buried with him being a wise milde and worthy Prince of three and twenty yeeres Hee was buried in Michala Archangell Church in the Musco with Iewels and Riches put in his Tombe valued at 50000. pounds watched after by twelue Citizens in course euery night deuoted to his Saint Iohn and Michael to keepe both body and Treasure till his Resurrection Now was the Emperour more earnest to send into England about his long conceited match his second Sonne being weake of wit and body without hope of ability for gouernment and the third not only young but disallowed in Sanctitie and according to the fundamentall Lawes illegitimate borne out of Wedlocke of the fift vnlawfull Wife not solemnised with the Rites of their Church but in the Church-yard by a depriued and excommunicated Prelate in which respect neyther she nor her Issue were capeable of the Crowne The Emperour peruseth the Queenes last Letters and addresseth one of his trustiest Seruants in Embassage Theodore Pissempskeie a wise Nobleman about the Lady Mary Hastings aforesaid and that her Maiesty would bee pleased to send some Noble Embassadour to treate with him therein This Embassadour tooke shipping at Saint Nicolas and arriuing in England was magnificently entertayned and admitted audience Her Maiesty caused that Lady to bee attended with diuers Ladies and young Noblemen that so the Embassadour might haue a sight of her which was accomplished in Yorke House Garden There was he attended also with diuers men of quality brought before her and casting downe his countenance fell prostrate before her and rising ranne backe with his face still towards her The Lady with the rest admiring at this strange salutation hee sayd by an Interpreter it sufficed him to behold the Angelicall presence of her which hee hoped should bee his Masters Spouse and Empresse seeming rauished with her Angelicall countenance state and beauty Shee was after that by her familiar friends in Court called Empresse of Mosconia Sir William Russell third Sonne to the Earle of Bedford a wise and comely Gentleman was appointed her Maiesties Ambassadour to the Moscoune but hee and his Friends considering of the businesse and not so forward thereto the Company of Merchants intreated for Sir Ierome Bowes mooued theretowith his presence and tall person He was well set forth most at their charge and with the Russian Embassadour arriued at S. Nicolas The Emperours Ambassadour posted ouer land and deliuered his Letters with the accounts of his Embassage which was ioyfully accepted Sir I. B. passed slowly vp the Dwina 1000. miles to Vologda The Emperour sends a Pensioner Michael Preterpopoue
men to him to whom hee was very liberall His Sonne Saududdaulas succeeded Muazzuddaulas dyed at Bagdad hauing ruled in Irac one and twentie yeeres His Sonne Bachtiar Azuddaulas succeeded in his place but not his fulnesse of power An. 358. Cafur died dyed His Court was frequented with learned men and Poets Ali Sonne of Muhammed Sonne of Achsijd reigned after him The same yeere Gheubar Seruant of Muaz Lidinilla Lord of Cairawan came with an Army into Egypt and caused the people to sweare Allegeance to Muaz And thenceforward in Egypt the publike Prayer ceassed in the name of the Abbasides til Ioseph Sallahuddine the Iobide of happie memory restored it This Gheubar builded Alcahir for his Souldiers and an Imperiall Palace and commanded all his Commanders and Souldiers to build each of them a house therein An. 362. Muaz entred Egypt Alcahir was so called viz. Compeller because it was builded in the horoscope of Mars which compelleth the World The same yeere Mutius Lilla was deposed Sebertekin the Turke hauing gotten Bagdad after hee had enioyed the place nine and twenty yeeres foure moneths and one and twenty dayes Hee was Religious frequent in Prayers and Almes honourable and sincere but hauing nothing in Irac and Persia but the title In other Regions others ruled as there the Sonnes of Boia Anno 334. so great a Famine had beene in Bagdad that women rosted children which therefore were throwne into Tigris An. 343. the King of Nubia inuaded as farre as Vswan but the Egyptian Army draue them backe and slue and took many of them and the Muslims tooke a Castle of theirs called Riwa Abdulkerim Abubecr Taius Lilla Sonne of Mutius was made Chalif on the day of his Fathers deposition An. 363. he presently vested Seberteken and set him ouer his Palace He in the yeere 364. tooke Father and Sonne with him to warre against Azzuddaulas Sonne of Boia where he and Mutius dyed and the Turkes made Astekin the Seruant of Muazzedaulas Emperour who went with Taius and besieged Wasit Abutzalab Vddacuddaulas at the same time entred Bagdad and carried himselfe as King whither Taius followed him Adaduddaulas helped his Cousin Azzuddaulas and came out of Persia to Wasit and draue away the Turkes and pursued them to Bagdad and humbled himselfe before Taius and kissed his hand then tooke his Cousin Azzuddaulas but vpon Rucnuddaulas his Fathers command restored him swearing him to make him his Lieutenant in Irac and not to contrary him nor his father Rucnuddaulas after which he returned into Persia Aftekin ruled at Damascus Limisees a Commander of the Romans tooke Emissa and Balaber and forced Damascus to buy their Peace but was soone after poisoned by Basilius and Constantine An. 365. Muaz dyed in whose Reigne ouer Egypt the Wife of Achsijd complained to him of a Iew which denyed the receit of a precious garment full set with Precious Stones she hauing offered all the rest if he would giue her but one sleeue Hee sent for the Iew which still denyed and he searching his house found it and restored it whole to the woman He being giuen to Astrologie had hidden himselfe vpon an Astrologers counsell a yeere in a vault the People imagining meane while that hee had beene taken vp into Heauen He soone after his comming forth dyed and his Sonne Barar Abulmansor Aziz Billa succeeded but Gheuhar administred the Empire Hasen Abuali Rucnuddaulas distributed his Kingdomes to his three Sonnes to Adaduddaulas Persia Argian and Carmania to Muaijdduddaulas Raija and Istahan and to Abulhasen Fachruddaulas Hamedan Dainawar taking Oaths of them for mutuall confederacy Hee dyed Anno 366 being ninetie nine yeeres old and hauing reigned foure and fortie yeeres one moneth and nine dayes Adaduddaulas went against Azzudaulas ouerthrew him and possessed Bagdad An. 367. the Chalifa vested and crowned him gaue him a chaine and declared him Lord gaue him two banners and set him ouer his Palace Hee crucified Ali the Counsellour of Azzuddaulas of whom a Poet made a rare Epitaph Exalted thou in life and death a miracle indeed Enuiron'd as when Prayer-dayes thou whilome didst areed Thou stretchedst forth as 't were with gifts thy hands which dying bleed Earths belly all too narrow is thy greatnesse to contayne Ayre yeelds close graue the Clouds thy shrouds and winding sheet remayne Azzuddaulas got helpe of Abutzalab but was in a great battell slaine by Adaduddaulas He was a strong man and with his hands had prostrated a Bull without other helpes he would also goe to fight with Lions and hunted them Anno 368. Adaduddaulas possessed Diarreb Maijâ—farikin Diarbecr and Abutzalab fled into Egypt Taius Lilla commanded that King Adaduddaulas should pray in his steed euery third Friday which none had obtayned before him though partners of the couenant He commanded also Drummes to be sounded at Adaduddaulus Court at the fiue houres of Prayer which none before had And he was the first which was stiled King in Islamisme and in Pulpits he was named Siahensiah or King of Kings A. 371. he caused Taius to confirme to Muaijidduddaulas his brother Giorgian and Tabristan which draue thence Panus Son of Wasmakin A. 372. Adaduddaulas dyed at Bagdad hauing ruled ouer Irac Carmania Persia Amman Churistan Mausil Diarbecr Harran and Mambag His Sonne Marzuban Abucalangiar Samsamuddaulas was vested by Taius Muaijidduddaulas dyed 373. and his brother Fachruddaulas succeeded him confirmed by Taius An. 375. Siarfuddaulas Sonne of Adaduddaulas possessed Bagdad and imprisoned his brother and put out his eyes hauing conquered Basra Ahwas and Wasit in Irac Taius rested him An. 377. with his Fathers Dignities But he dyed An. 379. and was buried at Cufa His brother Abanasar Bahaiuddaulas succeeded and was crowned by Taius who freed his brother from Prison An. 381. Saaduddaulas King of Aleppo dyed and Abulfadaijl his Sonne succeeded who was much molested by the Egyptians and assisted by the Romanes Aziz the Egyptian dyed An. 386. Hakem his Sonne succeeded Taius Lilla was deposed by Bahaiuddaulas and Cadir Billa inaugurated pretending the resignation of Taius whereas hee had gone in to him kissed the ground and sit downe on a seate by Taius appointment after which his men came in and laying hold on the Pomell of his Sword pulled him off his bed rouled him in the carpet and carried him away to Prison Hee had beene Chalifa seuenteene yeeres nine moneths and sixe dayes In his time Aziz hauing married a Melchite Christian gaue our Ladies Church from the Iacobites to the Melchites which they call the Church of the Patriarke and her brother Ieremy was made Patriarch of Ierusalem and her brother Arseninus was made Patriarch of the Melchites at Alcahir and Mitsra Phocas rebelling against Basilius the Emperour he craued helpe of the Russe King giuing him his Sister in marriage conditionally to receiue the Christian Religion Basilius sent them Bishops which conuerted him and his People This was A. Heg. 377. Bardas
a Iewish Dreame of her 160 Rebellions at Cufa 1022 Reconciliation-Fast 112. 197 198 Rechabites 125 Red Sea or Arabian Gulfe 582 seq Ilands therein ibidem Red Sea why so called 775. seq The chiefe Townes and Ilands in the Red Sea 777 sequitur Reisbuti or Rasboots a people subiect to the Mogoll 534. Their Countrey Religion and Rites 535. 536 Religion whence the word deriued 17. 18. How differing from Superstition called Ean-fastnesse 18. Described ibidem The vse thereof 26. It is naturall to men ibid. It is not policie nor by policie can bee abolished 27. True Religion can bee but one 27. 28 Men will rather be of false then no Religion ibidem 301 391 Religion the most mortall Make-bate 75. What was the Religion of the World before the Floud 28. 29. Whom the Heathens cal-Religious 46. Peruerters of Religion 55. 70. 75. Times religius obserued in China 47 Religions of Christians Moores and Ethnicks compared for store of followers 320 Reliques of the Arke 35. Of Mahumetans 281. Of an Apes Tooth 295. Of the Ship Argo 320. Of Adams foot-print 381 Repentance 257 Resurection denyed by the Sadduces 138. By the Samaritans ibid. Confessed by the Ancient Pharisees 126. Their three opinions thereof ibid. Denyed to Vsurers 257. Of women in male sexe 261. Resurrection of Birds and Beasts 314. Turkish opinion of the Resurrection 313 Rhameses an Aegyptian King 632 Rheubarb plentifull 413 Rhinoceros of Bengala 509 Rhinoceros of the Aire a Fowle 742. And of the Sea ibid. Rice plenteous in Pegu 498. 499 Rich Carpet 1019 Riphath and Riphaean Hils 37 Rimmon an Idoll of the Syrians 74 Rings worne in Eares Nose and Lips 873 Riuers worshipped 509. 510 Riuers of Paradise 18. Of Adonis 78. Of Iordan 90 Sabbaticall 109. Of the Hircans 361 Riuers running vnder ground 65 Riuer in Laos running backwards two moneths 489 Riuers made by hand many and great in China 455 Riuers loosing themselues in Sands 579. Great Riuers in America 793. Abassian Riuers 840. The Riuer Plate and Countries adioyning 920 Riuer-horse 623. 714 Rhodes the description thereof 584 Rhodians 39 Rihi a Sauage people 1032 Roundnesse of the World 9 Rowland a name frequent with the Colchians 348 Ruck a fabulous Bird 780 Russian Obseruations 973. sequitur Russes conuerted to Christianitie 1038 S SA Scha Saha Shaugh Xa Persian titles 365. 366 Saads cruelty 1015 Saba and Queene of Saba 225 330. 331. 332. 753. The Citie Saba described 748. 753. 754 Sabaea Regio thurifera 37 Sabbaticus a Riuer in Syria 109 A Discourse of the Sabbaticall Riuer 581. 582. A tale of a Iew that thought hee had met with the Sabbaticall Riuer 580 Sabbatha a City in Arabie Foelix 37 Sabbatharians 123 Sabbaticall yeere 99 Sabbaticall yeere of the Iewes and Samaritans 109 Sabbatary Soule of the Iewes 193 Sabbaticall Superstition of the Iewes 107. 108. 127. 192. 193 Sabbath why so called 106. A generall name ibid. Sabbath why called the Lords Day 20 Sabbath how farre Moral and Ceremoniall 15. 20. 108. Obiections answered 19. 20. 21 Sabbath of Christians 20. 21. Of Iewes 106. 109. 174. 192. Of Aethiopians 111. Of Turks 310 311. Of Peguans on Munday 507. In Iaua arbitrary in Guinea on Tuesday 718. 719. So likewise in Paucora 813 Sabbetha and his Posteritie 37 Sabtlieca and Sechalitae 37 Sabyrians 439 Sacrament of the Rain-bow 36 37 Sacrifices of Cain and Abell 27 28. Kinds of Sacrifices 28 Sacrifices consumed by fire from Heauen ibid. Sacrifice but the Apparell of Diuine worship 30 Sacrifices of the Cyrenians and Iewes 110. 115. Of Mahumemetans 273. 274. Phaenician Sacrifices 81 Sacrifices to Moloch 86. Of Arabians 227. Of Taurica 234 Galatians 329. Of Meander 337. Araxes 345. Armenians 344. Albanians 346. Scythians 397. Aegyptians at Idythya 402. Busiris 594. At Heliopolis 599. Of the Carthaginians 672. Of the Blemmies 683. Aethiopians 745. Falsly supposed of Virginians 775. In Florida 846. Panuco 853 Zaclota 920. Tezcuco 932 Of Mexicans how begunne 871 Increased 872. To their Goddesses ibid. The strange fashion of their Sacrificing 871. The Rites of humane Sacrifice 872 Sacrifices of the Iewes of eight sorts and their rites 115 Sacrifices of the Persians 373. Daily ibid. Rites of their Sacrificing 374. 375. 376. Of the Philippinas 603. Selfe-sacrificing of the Banians 240 241. Of the Nayros 553. Narsinga 580. Amouchi 638 At Quilacare 890. Iapanders 595. Humane Sacrifices at Peru 945 Sacae their Habitation and rites 399 Sacriledge how punished 120 Sachoniatho 76 Sagadana 579 Saga 350 Sabatius Saga 351 Sagada hoc riuer 683 Saddai a name of God what it signifieth 4 Sadducees the History of them 129. 130. Their crueltie ibid. Difference betwixt them and the Samaritans 138 Sanhedrin vide Elders Saints in Turkie 316. 317. 318 In Aegypt vide Nafissa Saladine 657 Salmanasar 136 Saints of Pagans 999 Salomons building the Temple 102 Salamander 565 Salsette and the Rites there 545 Salt-hill 84 Salt deare sold 722. How made ibid. Saltnesse cause of motion in the Sea 573. 574 Samarcheneth a Citie 149 Samarchand the Citie of the great Tamerlane 425 Samaria how situate 93. 136 Samaritan Sect 136. sequitur The hatred betweene them and the Iewes 137. Difference from the Sadducees 138 Samaritan Chronicle 138 Samaritan Letters and Temple 138 Samosata Lucians Birth place 68 Samoits or Samoeds 431. Their Rites 432. sequitur Their hardship and manner of trauell 432. 433. Their Images Religion Persons ibid. Samiel Semixas names of Deuils 32 Samatra the Historie thereof 612 613. The King thereof a Fisherman how hee came to the Crowne 613. 614. His Admirall Attendants Women c. ibid. The present King attended by Boyes and women ibid. His entertainments to the English 613. His letter to our King 614. His cruelties 615 Samsaeins or Sunners 133. 134 Sanballat 136. 137 Sanctuary at Tauium 325. At Ephesus 336. Canopus and other places 362 Sandars three sortes thereof 570 Sopores King of Persia his reigne 361. 362 Sangene tocoro in Iapon 586 Sangius Draconis 779 Saraca the name of an Arabian Citie 230 Saracens who and why so called 215. 229. 230. 657. Their Ancient Rites ibidem Their Religion 230. 231. Their Warres vnder Mahumet and his Successors 232. sequitur Diuisions 233. Their Califes and exploits 234. 236. sequitur Their learning and learned men 240. 241. Their Story of Mahomets life 244. 245. sequitur Their opinion of the Alcoran 258. 259. The Saracenicall Conquest and Schisme in Persia 378. 379. What Countrey of the East they possessed 657. More Saracens then Christians ibid. Captaine Saris his trauels and commendation 589. 590 Sardanapalus his Conquests 61 His destruction 61. 62. His Monument ibidem How much goods perished with him ibid. Sardis Mother Citie of Lydia 339 Sarmatians 37. 407 Sasquesahanockes a Giantly people in Virginia 842. Their Rites 843. 844 Saturni who so called 45 Saturnus the same with Cain 45 Saturne of the Phaenicians 77 His other names 80 Satourioua his Acts
147. 242. 243. At many places mentioned by Beniamin Tudelensis 146. Of the Rabbins 167. Of the Saracens 240. 241. Of Brachmanes 479 480. Of the Turkes and their nine Degrees 319. 320 Vniuersities in Siam 491. 492 Vologesus and Vologesocerta 63 Votaries of Turkes 314. 315. Of the Syrian Goddesse and of Cybele Vide Galli See the Titles also of Priests Sects Punishments Monkes Nuns Monasteries Pilgrims Votaries of Iewes 123. 124. Of Assisines 218. 219. At Comana and Castabala 327. At Zela 328 At Ephesus 336. 337. In Golchonda 1000 Vraba 893 Vrania and Vrotalt 78 Vsury forbidden by the Alcoran 257 W WAges small in India 1001 Washing Rites of the Iewes 110 111. Prescribed by the Alcoran 256 265. Obserued by the Turkes 308. Peguans 502. 503 Bengalans 509. 510. Banians 240. 241. Cambayans 240. Bramenes 547. 548 Walid the eighteenth Chalifa his Epicurisme 1026 Waters in the Creation 6. 9. Aboue the Firmament 8 Water medicinable 50. 229 Water of the Sunne 229 Water worshipped by the Tartars 420 Watches of the Day and Night 106 Wealth and Almes of Ahmed 1033 Wels sacred 64 Weimouths Discoueries 813 Whale huge 210 Whale-fishing the manner of it 952. The kinds and description of them ibidem Fight betweene Whale Sword-fish and Thresher 953. 954 Wheate and Barly blades foure fingers long 50 Whoores Tribe 998 Wiapoco 922 Will of man 14 Willoughbie viz. Sir Hugh Willoughby frozen to death 577 Wildernesse vide Desart Winds hot and killing 995 Widowes in Golchonda 1000 Wittie Epitaph 1038 Wiues in India immured with their dead husbands 481. 482. Buried quicke ibid. In Golchonda 1001 Womans Creation 14. 15. Fal 22 Menstruous amongst the Zabij 52. Subiect to prohibitiue Precepts not affirmatiue 174. Women cheape sold 921. Womens Rites in Venus Temple 56. Women Enunches 286. Women inioyned to bee veyled with other their rules in the Alcoran 255 World the Creation thereof why created 5. seq The drowning repeopling thereof 33. 34. The diuision thereof 41. The Chaldees opinion of the Worlds eternitie 51. End of the World as Iewes say 211. Peguans opinion of the Worlds end 506. Ages of the World reckoned by the Iewes 153 Wormes dangerous to Ships 533 Wormes breeding in mens flesh 716. 931 Worme which becomes a tree 563 X XErxes spoyled the Temple of Belus 56. His Law for the Babylonians 58. His Expedition 337. 359. 360 Y YEares how measured by the Iewes 107 Yougorians 404. 431 Z ZAbij the same with the Chaldees their history 52. Their Bookes and Fables ibid. Their Magick worship of deuils 53 Zadok 129 Zagathayan Tartars 425. 426 Zauolhenses Tartars 424 Zaire a Riuer of Congo 766 Zambra chiefe Citie in Aethiopia described 748. 749 Zanaga their customes 701 Zanzibar or Zanguebar 758 Zarmanochagas a Brachman burned himselfe 480 Zebra a wild Beast 623 Zela a Citie described 328 Zeila 993. seq The King of Zelas triumph ibid. Zeilan described 616. 617. seq 993. Vide Seilan Zembre Lake 620 Zemes the Turke 283 Zenan nine score miles from Moha North North-west 583 Zetfa of the Turkes 320 Zigantes their Rites 667 Zinaldin a Turkish King 144 Zizis of the Iewes 184 FINIS 1. Tim. 4.8 * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Gal. 4.8 Deus vnus est 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 trinus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Zan. de 3 El. p. 4. l. 1. cap. 3. a Homer Virgil Ouid c. Apoc. 1.8 * Apoc. 3.14 b 2. Cor. 12.11 a 1. King 8.27 c Rom. 11.33 d Prou. 30.2 Verse 3 4. Verse 5. e Psal. 19.1 f Rom. 1.20 g Acts 14.17 h Acts 17.28 i D. Kings Lect. in Ion. 4. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Hiero. ille Cicer. Nat. Deor. lib. 1. Nomen quia dat notitiam Deus est nomen suum nomen eius ipse est Drus pret lib. 1. k 1. Io. 3.2 l 1. Co. 13.12 m Exod. 34.6 n Dionys de Diuinis nomin P. Galatin de Arcanis l. 3. Zanchius de Nat. Dei l. 1 Bullinger de Origine erroris lib. 1. Ar. Montanus o As true wise liuing c. p As truth wisdome life c. q In which sense rismegist affirmeth Deus nihil est omnium Deus est omnia Deus nomen nullum habet Deus habet omne nomen Vid Mars Ficin in Dionys de D. N. Dionysius also cals him Vnitas vnitatis omnis vnifica super essentialis essentia Intellectus nequà quam intelligibilis c. Empedocles described him a Sphere whose Centre is euery where the Circumference no where Sphinx Heidfeldi r Nomina 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 apud Heb. tria sunt 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Drus Tetragram cap. 1. ſ Hook Eccles Polit. lib. 5. Iustin resp ad Orthod quaest. 137. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Exemplum producit Adami Euae Sethi eandem essentiam hobentium humanam existendi autem modum diuersum à terra costa semine t Drusius taxeth Zanch. for intitling his worke De 3. Elohim as improperly saith he as De tribus dijs u Enuntiatio de Creatore per verba negatiua est vera per affirmatiua autem partim in aequiuocatione partim in imperfectione R. Moses Moreh lib. 1. 57. affirmationes periculosae x De Deo etiam vera loqui periculosum Arnob. in Psal. 91. August de Trinit lib. 3. cap. 3. y Esa 6.2 z Rom. 12 3. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 * Phil. 3.10 a Psal. 25.9 b Ioh. 7.17 17.3 c Ephes 4.21 d 1. Cor. 3.18 e 1. Cor. 8.2 f Prou. 1.7 g Exod. 34.6 h Of this name Iehoua see Drutij Tetragram Ar. Montan. ante Naturae histor pag. 37. Pet. Galat. lib. 2. Drusius thinkes that Galatinus was the first Author of this pronuntiation Iehoua Castalion writeth it Ioua the most both Iewes and Christians before forbare to name it The Masscrites ascribed to it no points of it owne but of Adonai and when Adonai goeth before or after it of Elohim It is holden that onely the High-Priest and that in the Temple and on the day of Expiation might pronounce it which to a priuate man the Iewes esteemed the losse of eternall life Steuchus thinketh that none can interpret it and Paulus Burgensis that none can translate it The Chaldaens Arabians Graecians Latines and the New Testament it selfe vse instead thereof The Lord Montanus readeth it Iehueh and affirmeth that it was knowne both to the common Israelites and to the neighbouring Nations c. but see themselues I name it after the moderne vse for distinction Zanchy and Gyraldus obserue that the name of God in all Nations is Tetragrammaton of foure letters In Dutch and English they therefore double the last consonant and learned Master Selden interpreteth the Pythagorian oath 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by Tetragrammaton de D. Syris Vid. R. Mos lib. 1. cap. 60. P. Ric. ad praec. aff 20. Reuchlin de verbo mirif lib 2. i Heb.. 13.8 k Apoc. 1.8 l Exod. 6.3 m Quae contradictionem implicant sub diuina omnipotentia non
this : read our third book the difference seemeth to be more in names then truth The sweet situation of Fez a This compasse is to bee vnderstood of all the Buildings b Braccia di Toscania c Bells were first found and founded Anno 870. by Vrâ—us Duke of Vâ—nice Plonâ— Vagetii spicilegia d Vn hora digierno * This may be reckoned as old Rent with vs which now may bee exceedingly improued for Leo wrote this An. 1526. * Bellona enemie to the Muses * Infamous Inne-keepers a The man neuer seeth his Bride before Marriage but sends his Mother or some other Woman to see her and vpon that report agreeth with the Father b These tables are boords like Horn-bookes when one lesson is learned that is wiped out and another written so throughout the Alcoran till all bee learned a A female filthinesse b Anabaptisticall fancies in Fez c Vide l. 3. c. 7. d Gold-finders and Alchymists A note for Vsurers Tame Lions m T. Walsingham hist Hen. c. 5. a Bodiu Method cap. 4. Ant. Poss de hist Aoparat lib. 16. ser 7. cap. 2. b Historie of Barbarie Ro. C. * Boter part 1. Maginus Sanutus lib. 3. a Cordouan leather of Moracco b Leo part 2. Homar a Preacher Tyrant and Saint * Karraim Scripture-Iewes Sus. Huge Whale-bones Marocco * An. Dom. 1526. * Cael. Sec. Curio de regno Mar. p. 356. a Leo reckons them in this Order Abdul Ioseph Mansor Iacob Mansor , and this Mahomet Enasir whereas Curio-seemes to insinuate a longer line of posteritie these being all directly and immediatly succeeding b Curios fault arising from confounding the Histories of Abed Ramon and Abdul Mumen which liued ome Centuries or yeres after the former c Rod Tol de rob Hispan lib. 8. cap. 10 s d Lib 7. cap 6. e Lib. 8. cap. 10 f Mat Par. in Ichan p 2 3. a The end of the Raigne of Marins b Ro. C. his Historie of Barbary cap. 1. c The Turkes fingers haue itched to bee dealing with these parts euer since Solymans time and haue therfore willingly entertayned all occasions to effect their ambitious designes Nic. Honiger d Michal ab Isselt continuatio Surii in An. 1575 1578. e Io Thom. Freigius hist de caede Sebast f Nic Doglioni Compendio Hist. part 6. g G. Wilkins cals him Mully Mahomet h Edmund Hogan in Makluyt tom 2. part 2. * Henry Roberts Hak. ih p. 119. b Ro. C. his Historie of Barb. c G. W. d Carauan is a company of Merchants going together with their goods and beasts e Madoc Hack. f Bern. let Marocco 1600. g G. Wilk miseries of Barbarie * Of these warres and the Genealogie of this Seriffian Family see Laur. Bayerlincki opus Chron. to 2. in An. 1603. a He hath also diuers other Cities Tanger Seuia c. in those parts b The Moores call their protection or defence a Horne as is vsuall in the Scriptures c The Letter of R. S. since printed May 10. d R. S. saith that he foretold three should goe off without harme the rest should take siâ—â— but not goe off so it fell out e In the first Edition of this Booke See of this King A. Iansen Gaellobelg 1612. f R. S. lit Sasi who was with him foure dayes g G. B. letter h Ianson Gallob M. Fanister and principally M. Ioseph Keble then in Barbary i Side is as much as Dominus Lord or Master a title giuen to their Religious k Fiftie miles from Marocco f Thei fights are sleight in Barbary they discharge not their Peeces aboue twice then the greatest cry Hyrla Hyrla c. makes the other side runne away a Hanged vp by the hands and weights hanged at their priuie members also Limon peeles dipped in Oile and fired then dropped on their naked backes c. 1616. b Leo l. 2. c The Mountaines of Marocco d Carraim Iewes Leo an Ambassadour * G. Wilk Miseries of Barbarie * Chronol Aug. P. Diacon Zonar Constant P. Diac. Leont G B. B. 3. part lib. 2. * Const Parphyrogenitus de administr imperio ex Theophanis historia cap. 25. * Ios. Scal Can. Isagog l 3 Chalipha est Vicarius quo nomine â—â— cati sunt qui Muhammedem rerum potiti â—â—â—t , qui d u nis humanis praeessent * About two hundred yeers after the death of Mahomet all Barbarie was infected with that pestilence Leo lib. 1. * Ro. C. Historie of Barbarie b Leo lib. 1. c The generall vices of the Africans cha 8. * Ant Gueuara Epistol. Io. de Barras Asiae dec. 1. lib. 1. d Some will haue this Qualid or Vlit to be the Miralmuminin of Africa a Maraunian whom Leo maketh the Easterne Calipha e G. B.B hist Sar. lib. 1. a See 3. part Th. Pol. pag. 163 b Dec. 1. l. 1. Asia c Bagdet was built long after this time d In two yeres space it is said that there perished in those Spanish wars 700000. people e An. Do. 1110. f Don. Henry Earle of Loraine L. Ma. Siculus l. 7. de rebus Hisp L. And. Ressend de Ant. Lusic l. 4 he in a proeme to K. Sebast.. entitleth him Africus Atlaticus Aethiopicus Arabicus Perficus Indicus Taeprobanicus c. g Osor de reb. gestis Emanuel h Tutuan Asaphi Castellum regale Azamor Titium Mazagam c. Deam à Gates i Barrius Osorius Maffaeus L. Marmol l. 9. Arthus Dantiscanus P. Gatric lib. 3. k Lib. 6. cap. 1. l L. Marmolius Sanutus one of the exactest diuiders of Africa l. 1. parteth Libya into 7. desarts and Numidia into the 4. Lands of Tesset Segelmes Zel and Biledulgerid m Leo lib. 1. n Ptol. l. 4. Plin. l. 5. c. 3. P. Mela l. 1. c. 6. Oliuarius in Melam Cael. Rhod. l. 18. c. 38. * Mermannis Theatrum a Leo lib. 6. See of the Palme more fully Sup. c. 5. b Bicri an African Cosmographer his errour c Plin. lib. 5. d Strab. l. 17. Ortel Thesaurus e L. Coruini Geograph f Herodot l. 3. g Niger Aph. Com. 3 h Isid Orig. l. 6. i Alexand. ab Alex. l. 6. c. 4. k Coel. Rhodig l. 12. c. 2. l G. Bot. Ben. p. 1 lib. 3. Maginus m Leo lib. 1. n A. Cadamosto a Maginus Gi. Bot. Ben. b Io. Leo lib. 7. c Cadamosto d Ortel Ramusius c. e Ortelius and others in their Maps make Senaga and Gambra to be armes or mouthes of Niger Sanutus thinkes it to be Rio Grande Leo alleag th the opinion of some which thinke it to come from Nilus by some vnder-earth passage The truth is vncertaine the angry Desarts not admitting due search m Leo lib. 7. n Anno 1526. o Ric. Rainolds Hack. Iarric Thes. Rer. Indic tom 3. l. 1. c. 44. Ialophi p Tombuto Tangos maos Ala and Brocall Men mutire nefas nec clam nec cum Scrobe Pers Sat. 1. Madingae
agreeth the iudgement of Aquinas Praeceptum de sanctificatione Sabbathi ponitur inter praecepta Decalogi in quantum est praeceptum morale non in quantum est ceremoniale The Precept of sanctifying the Sabbath is set amongst the Precepts of the Decalogue as it is a morall not as a ceremoniall Precept It hath pleased him saith M. Hooker as of the rest so of Times to exact some parts by way of perpetuall homage neuer to bee dispensed withall nor remitted The Morall law requiring therefore a seuenth part throughout the age of the whole world to bee that way employed although with vs the day bee changed in regard of a new reuolution begun by our Sauiour Christ yet the same proportion of time continueth which was before because in reference to the benefite of Creation and now much more of renouation thereunto added by him which was Prince of the world to come wee are bound to account the sanstification of one day in seauen a dutie which Gods immutable Law doth exact for euer Thus farre Hooker This indeed in the Sabbath was Iewish and Ceremoniall to obserue onely that last and seuenth day of the weeke and that as a figure and lastly with those appointed Ceremonies and that manner of obseruation Thus saith Aquinas Habere aliquod tempus deputatum ad vacandum diuinis cadit sub praecepto morali Sed in quantum c. To haue some set time for the seruice of God is morall but so farre this Precept is ceremoniall as in it is determined a speciall time in signe of the Creation of the World Likewise it is ceremoniall according to the Allegoricall signification in as much as it was a signe of the Rest of Christ in the graue which was the seuenth day And likewise according to the morall signification as it signifieth a ceasing from euery act of sinne and the Rest of the mind in God Likewise according to the Anagogicall signification as it prefigureth the Rest of the fruition of God which shall be in our Countrey To these obseruations of Thomas we may adde that strictnesse of the obseruation That they might not kindle a fire on the Sabbath and such like And howsoeuer some testimonies of the Fathers be alledged against this truth and to prooue that the Sabbath was born at Mount Sinai as of Tertullian Iustin Martyr Eusebius Cyprian Augustine which deny the Sabbatizing of the Patriarkes before that time and account it typicall Why may not we interpret them of that Sabbath of the Iewes which we haue thus distinguished from the Morall Sabbath by those former notes of difference Broughton in his Concent alleadgeth the Concent of Rabbins as of Ramban on Gen. 26. and Aben Ezra vpon Exod. 10. That the Fathers obserued the Sabbath before Moses And Moses himselfe no sooner commeth to a seuenth day but he sheweth that God rested blessed sanctified the sume It resteth therefore that a time of rest from bodily labour was sanctified vnto spirituall deuotions from the beginning of the world and that a seuenth dayes rest began not with the Mosaicall Ceremonies in the Wildernesse as some men will haue it but with Adam in Paradise That which is morall say some is eternall and must not giue place I answer That the Commandements are eternall but yet subordinate There is a first of all the Commandements and there is a second like to this like in qualitie not in equalitie and in euery Commandement the Soule of obedience which is the obedience of the soule taketh place of that body of obedience which is performed by the body Mercie is preferred before sacrifice and charitie before outward worship Paul staieth his preaching to heale Eutychus Christ patronizeth his Disciples plucking the eares of Corne and affirmeth That the Sabbath was made for Man and not Man for the Sabbath Although therefore both rest and workes of the Sabbath giue place to such duties which the present occasion presenteth as more weightie and necessary to that time yet doth it not follow that the Sabbath is not morall no more then the Commandement of Almes is not morall because as Barnard obserueth the prohibitiue Commandement of stealing is of greater force and more bindeth And in a word the Negatiue Precepts are of more force and more vniuersally bind then the affirmatiue A man must hate his Father and Mother for Christs sake and breake the Sabbaths rest for his Neighbour in cases of necessitie And therefore such scrupulous fancies as some obtrude vnder the name of the Sabbath esteeming it a greater sinne to violate this holy Rest then to commit Murther cannot be defended Pardon this long Discourse whereunto the longer Discourses of others haue brought me But now me thinkes I heare thee say And what is all this to Adams integrity Doubtlesse Adam had his particular calling to till the ground his generall calling also to serue GOD which as he was spiritually to performe in all things so being a body he was to haue time and place set apart for the bodily performance thereof And what example could hee better follow then of his Lord and Creator But some obiect This is to slacken him running rather then to incite and prouoke him to bind and not to loose him cannot be a spurre but a bridle to his deuotion But they should consider that we doe not tie Adam to the seuenth day onely but to the seuenth especially wherein to performe set publique and solemne worship Neither did Daniel that prayed thrice a day or Dauid in his seuen times or Saint Paul in his iniunction of praying continually conceiue that the Sabbath would hinder men and not rather further them in these workes Neither was Adams state so excellent as that he needed no helps which wofull experience in his fall hath taught God gaue him power to liue yea with euerlasting life and should not Adam therefore haue eaten yea and haue had conuenient times for food and sleep and other naturall necessities How much more in this perfect yet flexible and variable condition of his Soule did he need meanes of establishment although euen in his outward calling he did not forget nor was forgotten Which outward workes though they were not irkesome and tedious as sinne hath made them to vs yet did they detaine his body and somewhat distract his mind from that full and entire seruice which the Sabbath might exact of him Neither doe they shew any strong reason for their opinion which hold the sanctification of the Sabbath Genes 2. to be set downe by way of anticipation or as a preparatiue to the Iewish Sabbath ordained 2453. yeares after If any shall aske Why the same seuenth day is not still obserued of Christians I answer This was figuratiue and is abolished but a seuenth day still remaineth Lex naturalis est coniunctam habens ceremonialem designationem diei saith Iunius The Law is naturall hauing adioyned thereto the ceremoniall