Bishop who together with the Congregation falling down and making Confession on their behalf raised them up and laid his hands upon them and they departed with the Catechumens 4. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Such as stayed with the Congregation and joined in Prayer and Singing but not in the Sacrament Yet they were afterward Advanced to be 3. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Faithful Communicants who had been Baptized Confirmed and admitted to the Lord's Supper having approved themselves by the long train of a stricct and pious Life Mahometan Only Men for they permit not Women to enter the Mosques lest they should distract Men from their Devotion And besides They do not believe that Women go to Heaven and hardly account them rational Creatures Yet in some Mosques they have Apartments by themselves with a kind of Pannels of Plaister as high as the Cieling with holes through M. de Thevenot Every Busurman is bound to resort to Prayers five times daily except he have some lawful impediment and if not yet at one to be well washed to which purpose they have innumerable Bathes in Turkey Purchas Only the chief sort on the Week-days the Poor being excused not so on Fridays Id. The Women enter not the Mosques but on Fridays at Nine a Clock or at Easter and then in a Terass apart where they may see and not be seen except the Wives and Mothers of the Chief of the place They abide there 'till Mid-night continually Praying with strange Motions and strong Cries Idem Ancient Heathen Let not a Woman enter into the publick Temples who hath been caught with an Adulterer Demosth Orat. contra Neeram Hither likewise may be referred the Remark made before viz. That all Irreligious and Prophane Persons were driven away with a Procul este profani c. Modern Heathen Among the Modern Heathens though it be difficult to give a particular Account because of their multitude and variety yet it is easie to conclude That their Assemblies are made up of their respective Priests and Officers and People In Mexico and Peru are Priests Officers Boys and Virgins trained up for the Service of the Temple and living upon the Revenues of the Temple and these in some places many in number together with the common People Purchas out of Acosta c. Amongst these some are under Instruction some Penitents some Confessors Men and Women Confessors c. Idem Diabolical The Witches Tried at Salem in New-England 1692. affirmed That they form themselves into Assemblies much after the manner of the Congregational Churches consisting of Officers and People c. Cotton Mather 12. Times of Worship 1. Weekly or Monthly Jewish 1. THE Sabbath or Seventh-Day It began at Six a Clock the Night before Observe 1. The Preparation which began at Three a Clock in the Afternoon called the Sabbath-Eve by the Evangelists 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the Ancient Fathers Coena pura It was proclaimed formerly by Trumpets of late by Sextons On this Day it was unlawful 1. To go above a quarter of a Days Journey three Parsath whereof Ten make a Days Journey 2. For Judges to sit on Causes upon Life and Death 3. For Tradesmen to work Except Shoomaker Except Taylers Except Scribes And they only half the Day The Wealthiest did help to forward Business 2. The Sanctification Herein they were so Superstitious that 1. Some Jews at Tiberias began the Sabbath sooner because dwelling in a Valley the Sun appeared not so soon to them as to others Others at Tsepphore a City upon a Mount kept the Sabbath longer because the Sun continued longer 2. They would dress no Meat on this Day 3. Nor Kindle any Fire 4. Nor roast an Apple chop an Herb climbe a Tree resist an Enemy and on this account became a Prey to their Enemies in the times of Antiochus and Pompey 2. Mondays in remembrance of Moses's returning from Mount Sinai Thursdays in remembrance of his going up to the Mount for the Law 3. New Moons the first Day of every Month commonly On this Day they 1. Heard the Word 2 Kings 4 23. 2. Abstained from Merchandise 3. Offered Sacrifices Numb 28.11 Christian 1. Saturday the Jewish Sabbath was in great Veneration especially in the Eastern parts honoured with all the publick Solemnity of Religion out of compliance with the Jews who were loath to part with it On this Day were publick Prayers reading the Scriptures celebration of the Sacraments Vid. Athan Hom. de Sement Idem Hist. Eccle. l. 6. c. 8. Fasts were prohibited on this Day Ordinary Works allowed yet so as might consist with their publick Worship for the Lord's Day was still preferred before it V. Athan. Hom. de Sem. Synod Laod. can 29. But in the West it was kept as a Fast yet at Milan as a Festival for St. Ambrose dined on no other Days in the Week but Saturday and Sunday Yet at Rome out of compliance with the Custom there Fasted as they did Aug. ad Janu. Ep. 118. Probably the reason of keeping this Day East was the Opinion which the Ancients had viz. That the Apostles Fasted on Friday and Saturday The Council of Illiberis Ordained That the Saturday-Festival was an Error Can. 39. which ought to be corrected and kept as a Fast 2. Sunday so called by Justin Martyr and Tertullian and in the Imperial Edicts of the first Christian Emperors Afterwards the LORD's Day 1. On this Day they stood at Prayers to put them in mind of Christ's Resurrection from the Grave and their own from Sin V. Justin M. Tertul. ex Ireneo The Council of Nice required a constant Uniformity in it 2. They deposited somewhat for the use of the Poor 3. All of us that live in City or Country meet together in one place Just M. Three Days absence from Church was punished with Suspension from Communion Con. Ill. Separate Assemblies Anathematized V. Conc. Gang. can 4.5 Conc. Antioch c. 5. 4. In times of Persecution they met before Day Plin. Ep. ad Traj They had Nocturnal Convocations Tertul. ad Vx Christians therefore called in scorn a Skulking Generation Min. F. 5. Kept in with great Expressions of Joy Fasting accounted unlawful Tertul. de Coron Constantine and Theodosius M. Jun. c. Forbad Courts of Judicature Suits at Law demanding Debts all publick Shews pleasures of all Sights opening of the Theatres his own Birth-Day or Inauguration on the Lord's Day 2. Wednesday and Friday Vid. postea Mahometan Friday the mahometan-Mahometan-Sabbath because on that Day Mahomet was Proclaimed King or Emperor and solemnly so Created and withal to distinguish his Fellowers from the Jews and Christians They call this Sabbath of theirs Glumaagun Others say Mahomet was born on this Day Ancient Heathen The Ancient Heathens Greeks and Romans had no Weeks but divided their Months into 3 parts the Greeks into so many Decads the Romans into Kalends Nones and Ides The Kalends of every Month were dedicated to Juno On the Kalends of every
Titus Vespasian came against them to Jerusalem rather than prophane their Festival they exposed themselves unanimously to the danger of the Enemy Private Persons among them as one here in England falling into a Jakes on the Sabbath-day have through an obstinate Perseverance in their Superstition run the hazard of their lives Christians Victorinus a Rhetorician at Rome a Man of great Note and Fame who had obtained the honour of a publick Statue but a zealous Pagan upon reading Scripture turn'd Christian which he told privately to Simplician who would not believe him unless he would testifie it also in the Publick Church To which at first he answered with some scorn What! Are they then the Walls that make a Christian Afterwards becoming sensible of his Fault and gathering courage afraid lest Christ should deny him if he should refuse to confess Him came to Simplician and said Come let us go into the Church and I will now become a Christian. He did so and was Instructed and Baptized and being to make the accustomed Confession the Ministers offered him the liberty of Privacy as to those who were of a bashful temper which he refused making Confession before all the People Aug. Conf. l. 8. c. 2. One Blandina in the French Persecution under Aurelius a good Woman yet of whom the Church was afraid how she should hold out because of the tenderness of her Body and Education when she came to it though plied from Morning 'till Night with all kind of Racks and Tortures she bore up with invincible Courage refreshing her self ever and anon with these words I am a Christian and no Evil is done by us Her Tormentors gave over and wondered That a Body so broken should be able to breath The Britains in the time of Austin the Monk would not renounce their Hen Fydh old Faith counting Popery an Innovation then and therefore stoutly resisted all that Austin said Th. Jones of Oswestree John Rodolph Stadler a Clock-Maker of Zurik who had been five Years in the King of Persia's Service and growing weary of being so long among Infidels was desirous to return into his own Countrey but desiring his Majesty's leave had 400 Crowns promised him to stay two Years longer But this prevail'd not for he got the German Ambassadors to interceed for him In the mean time his House was broke open in the night and the Thief kill'd for which he was Condemned to dye with this proviso That if he would be circumcised and turn Mussulman he should be pardon'd Most of the Lords sollicited him very much to change his Religion at least in shew and for a time and promised him advantages Twice he was brought to the place of Execution in the Maidau in hopes the horrour of death would oblige him to renounce but his constancy could not be shaken He told them that the King's favour should never make him lose that which Jesus Christ had done for him in redeeming him from Eternal death by his blood c. The Augustine Monks and Carmelites endeavour'd all they could to make him profess himself Roman Catholick but all in vain at last he was delivered up to the Relations of the Deceased and at 3 blows struck down to the ground 1637 D. of Holst Emb. Trav. p. 208. and M. Tavernier l. 5. c. 4. Armenians M. Tavernier cites several examples of the constancy of the Armenians in maintaining their Religion against the persecutions of the Mahometans as of one that went to the Cadi saying Sir you know that some years since I turn'd Mahometan now I come to declare before you that I have repented of denying the Saviour of the world and embracing your wicked law proceeding to blaspheme Mahomet for which he was cut in pieces l. 4. c. 14. Mahometans A Gentleman of Quality and a servant to the Mogul would needs be baptized and become a Christian whereupon the King sent for him and by promises and threats strongly attempted to turn him again to Mahometanism for a tryal of his constancy but he replied to the Mogul that he was most willing to suffer any thing in that cause that the King could inflict and as for the rewards proffered he would not accept of any thing to forsake his said Religion whereupon the Mogul wondering at his constancy told him that if he could have frighted him or brought him from his new Profession he would have made him an example for all Waverers but perceiving his resolution with a reward dismissed him Anonyn Author of the Manners of Indolstan c. Observation of the Lord's Day or Sabbath Jews IN the days of Mattathias Father of Judas Maccabeus 1000 were murdered without resistance 'till by him they were better advised Before that time Ptolomey captivated Jerusalem and the Jews both by this advantage viz. their superstitious strictness in observing the Sabbath So did Pompey afterwards They cavilled with our Saviour's Disciples for plucking and rubbing a few Ears of Corn on that day when they were hungry A Jew fell into a Privy at Maidenburg 1270. on the Sabbath and another at Tewksbury 1220. and were the one by the Bishop of the place the other by the Earl of Glooester constrained to abide the Christian Sabbath the latter of them died in his stinking Superstitious Devotion They Fasted that Day 'till Noon their Sabbath-days Journey was not above 2000 Paces by the Institution of Barachibas Simeon and Hellis Rabbins The Sacrifices and accustomed Rites of the Sabbath are mentioned Num. 28. Lev. 23 24. where we may read That the daily Burnt-Offering and Meat-Offering and Drink-Offering were doubled on the Sabbath and the Shew-bread renewed c. Sam. Purchas Theolog. Disq of Asia Africa c. Dr. Addison tells us That amongst the Jews in Barbary every Sabbath is observed with three Feasts and four Offices that all the Afternoon of Friday is usually taken up in Preparation as washing trimming pairing the Nails whetting the Knives c. the Office of the Sabbath-arrit Eve is very long They have Garments designed only for the honour of the Sabbath for which they urge Isa 58.13 Thou shalt honour Him And how canst thou do it in thy every days vile Habit They excite their Devotion by repeating such Sentences as these Prepare to keep the Sabbath and rest from all the Work Provide the choicest Diet for the Day Prepare good Wine Flesh and Fish Speak nothing but what may cause Mirth If all things necessary are provided thou art Praise-worthy Come with a good appetite Cover the bed decently A certain Rabbi saith That he who merrily passeth the Sabbath hath whatsoever he will ask of God as it is written Delight thou in the Lord and he shall give thee thy hearts desire They sleep a good part of the Sabbath morning and much indulge their Genius on that day observing strictly three Banquets They are forbid to fast longer than the sixth hour because thou shalt call the Sabbath a delight He that purposely fasts on the
three 3. The Company between ten and twenty meeting together and roasting it 4. Blessing the Cup and Bread 5. Dividing among the Guests 6. Eating it with 1. bitter Herbs and those Herbs 2. dipt in Sauce and all 3. without Leaven using also 4. in the posture of Travellers standing first afterwards lying or leaning 7. To a Child asking what means this Service Answering at large by way of Declaration or Annunciation Vid. Exod. 12.26 Also Godw. Antiq. 8. Washing the Feet of the Guests 9. Sprinkling the Door-posts wich the Blood 10. Eating all the Lamb breaking no Bones 11. On the Second Day Offering a sheaf of the First-Fruits of Harvest Lev. 23.10 for 'till then they might not reap 1. The Lamb was killed in the Court of the Temple 2. Was eaten in their own Houses in Jerusalem 3. The First and Last Days were Holy Convocations 4. Only the Circumcised might eat Ancient Christion and Muscovite 1. Principal 1. Easter wherein Observe 1. The Antiquity From the first Ages The Muscovites keep it now and call it Wellikoiden 2. The Time of keeping it 1. The Asiatic Churches on the first day of the first Month which always began with the Appearance of the Moon mostly answering to our March the Day of the Jewish Passover Thus did the Churches of Asia the less called Quartodecimans because they kept Easter on the 14th day after the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of the Moon Pleading the Example of the Apostles particularly S. John Polycarp c. Polycrates pleaded the Example of S. Philip. 2. The Western Churches on the Lord's Day following the Jewish Passeover Pleading likewise Apostolical Tradition The Procedure of the Controversie this 1. The Bishop of Rome would impose their Custom on the East 2. Polycarp comes to Rome to confer with Anicetus about it who agreed not yet part fairly 3. Pope Victor renewed the Quarrel threatening to Excommunicate the Eastern Churches 4. Irenaeus and others of his Party reproved the Pope for it 5. The Asian Churches went on 'till Constantine Summoning the Council of Nice which Ordained That it should be kept universally on the Lord's Day 3. The Preparation The Eve or Vigils of Easter was kept with Pomp Watchings multitudes of lighted Torches in Churches and private Houses so as to turn Night into Day as a Fore-runner of that Great Light The Sun of Righteousness Nazianz. 4. The Celebration of the Day it self It was spent in Works of Mercy and Charity to the Poor Constantine used to arise early this Day to bestow rich Gifts all over his Empire His Successors released Prisoners c. It was called The Holy and Famous Passeover Queen of Days Festival of Festivals Naz. Mar. 25. Blagauescenia Priziste bogorodice or the Annunciation of our Lady a Feast of the Muscovites D. of Holst Emb. Trav. Mahometan Persian-Azar Thirty One Days N. The Turkish Year consists of 354 Days divided into 12 Months Their several Months begin at the several Moons The Turks have their Easter too which they call Biram Vid. postea The Feast of Neurous i.e. New-years-day is kept in March when the Sun enters Aries so at Azmer in the East-Indies with Ornaments in the Palace much Pomp a Fair in the Seraglio by Ladies of the Court Feasting Dancing of Quinchenies Women and Maids of a Caste of that Name having no other Profession but Dancing Presents from and to the King M. de Thev Turk's Chaabanai Twenty Nine Days My Author accounts this also as a Feast of the Heathens in the E. Indies And so also in Persia say others who call it Nauras Ancient Heathen Mar. 27. Quinquatria Minervas Birth-Day Now the Salary Minerval was paid to the Masters It lasted 5 Days On the last Day Mar. 23. was the Tubilustrum a Lustration of the Sacred Trumpets 25. Hilaria Matris Deûm festa 28. Megalesia Modern Heathen The Chinese keep their New-Years-Day in March every Man striving to exceed others in the Fancy of their Pageants and adorning their Doors with Paper-Arches and Images all Night with Lanthorns and Lights Sin Th. Herb. Neurous New-Years-Day a Feast in the East-Indies M. de Thev In Tunquin every beginning of the Year they celebrate the Memory of those who in their life-time have done any noble Action reckoning in that number those that have been so hardy as to Rebel against their Princes and this with a very great Solemnity Tavernier When the Moon is at the full in March the Indian Idolaters keep a Solemn Festival for their Idol which is in form of a Serpent for nine days every Morning worshipping the Idol and the Maids dancing about it for an hour to the noise of Flutes and Drums after which they eat and drink and are merry till the Evening when they worship and dance about their Idol again M. Tavernier 2. In Ijar April and May. Jewish 10. A Fast Eli the High-Priest dies with both his Sons the Ark is taken Scaliger 23d Day of Ijar was ordained a Festival for the expiation of the Tower of Jerusalem by Simon Mac. 1 Mac. 13. Simon takes Gaza Scal. 28. A Fast Samuel the Prophet dieth and is lamented by all the People Scal. Ancient Christian Apr. 10. Palm-Sunday which the Muscovites celebrate with a Procession to represent out Saviour's entrance into Jerusalem Thus it was A. C. 1636. 1. The great Duke and Patriarch set out first 2. Many Priests followed in Copes and Surplices with Crosses Banners and Images upon long Poles some singing others casting Incense among the People 3. Goses the Duke's Merchants Clerks Secretaries Nobility and Gentry with Palms in their Hands c. 4. The great Duke with his Crown on his Head Supported by the Two Principal Counsellors of State led the Patriarch's Horse covered with Cloth and made to represent an Ass 5. The Patriarch rode upon him being himself attired with a round white Cap on his head of Sattin beset with rich Pearls and about it a very rich Crown a Cross of Diamonds in his right hand wherewith he bless'd the People who received his Benediction with bowing of their heads and making Crosses 6. About fifty little Boys most clad in red put off their Cassocks and scattered them along the way Others had pieces of Colth about an Ell square of all Colours which they laid on the ground for the Great Duke and Patriarch to pass over This is the same all over Muscovy D. of Holst Ambassador's Travels Apr. 17. was their Easter-Day 1636. Celebrated 1. With selling and sending Eggs of all colours to one another 2. Killing each other at Meeting with these words Christos wos Chrest i.e. Christ is risen the Answer is Wosten wos Chrest i.e. He is Risen indeed 3. Devotions at Church 4. Feasting Drunkenness c. Id. See afterwards under the Title of the Feasts of the Greck Church Wasnescenia Christova Ascension-Day a Feast of the Muscovites also Mahometan Persian Onzon Thirty Days This Month is called Ramadan as being the Month of Lent which they
4. Conc. Trid. A second Head of Cardinal Pool's Reformation was For the putting away of all FeAsting in the Festivities of the Dedication of Churches Dr. Burnet's Hist of the Reformation Mahometan Persian-Techrion el-avel 31. days 10th day of Rebiulewel is kept the Feast of Omar Reschdgiade in honour of an Illustrious Miller M. de Thev 12th day of this Moon Mahomet's Birth-day is celebrated by lighting Lamps round the Minarets Turkish-Rebiulewel ai 30. Days In the morning the Grand Seignior goes to the New Mosque where he causeth Sweet Meats and Sherbet to be brought from the Seraglio and after Prayers all eat and drink of them M. de Thev On this day the Poets make Sonnets in the praise of Mahomet which they rehearse publickly and are rewarded accordingly and Boys in Fez carry Wax Torches to School which they light before day and let them burn till Sun-rising all this while singing Mahomet's Praise Candles are on this day presented to the King of incredible height and bigness who that night hears all the Law read Ross Ancient Heathen Oct. 28. Mysteria minora 29. Libero Sacr. Nov. 1. Jovis Epulum Anthesteria seu Bacchanalia Sr. Thomas Herbert in his Travels in the E. Indies thought he found some remainders of this Festival in Casta as he guess'd by the dress mimic frisks and nightly pastimes the women practice There they covered themselves with skins adorn'd their heads had tresses with Ivy in one hand holding a leav'd Javelin and Cymbals of brass or Timbrels in the other attended by many boys and girls rambling like distracted people up and down and striving to rend the air with their continual clamours Sr. Tho. Herbert Modern Heathen Homespet amadum a feast on the 30 of Spindumu'd or Octob. Jewish 9. In Chisleu November December Chisleu 25. The feast of Dedication 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in remembrance of the Dedication of the Altar appointed by Judas Macchabeus as also of their deliverance from Antiochus and his Idolatry Vid. 1. Macc. 4.59 Joh. 10.22 It lasted seven days 28. A fast Jehojakim burnt the Roll which Baruch wrote from the mouth of Jeremy Scal. Ancient Christian Nov. 21. Vedenia priziste bogorodice or the oblation of the Blessed mother of God A Festival of the Muscovites Mr. Hales of Eaton in one of his Sermons complains we bring the Church and Kitchin together for when we celebrate the memorial of any Saint Apostle Martyr do we not call this solemnity their Feast and accordingly solemnize it with excess of cheer Stultum est nimia Saturitate honorare velle Martyrem Hierom. The Ancient Ethnics were wont to celebrate their 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 feasts of Sobriety and fasting in the honour of their Drunken God Bacchus upon the like fancy Christians appoint Feasts in the honour of Temperate Saints The Church of Rome to this lap the relicks and ashes of Saints in silk and costly stuff and shrine them in silver and gold whereas when the Saints themselves were on Earth and their bodies living Temples of the Holy Ghost they would have thought themselves much wronged if any such costly ornaments should have been employed about them We think that God and the Saints are like us and taken with such things as please us Machiavel in the life of Castruccio Castracano a Gentleman of Luca tells that he delighted much in often feasting and being reproved answered If feasting were not a good thing men would not honour God and the Saints so much with it Lo here the natural consequences of Church-Feasts It is an Apology for Luxury It was a Custom in the Church in sundry places for all young and old upon the Vigils of the Martyrs to come together by Night and meet in Church-yards and Eat and Drink on the Tombs of the Martyrs Vigilantius reproved it and justly for nox vinum Mulier c. Night Wine and Women c. This put S. Hierom into a fit of Choler by common consent this Custom was laid down Mahometan Persian Techrion-el ilani 30 Days 26 of this Moon at Night Mahomet's Ascension to Heaven from the Alboraoh is celebrated as a great Festival Turkish Rebiul ahhir ai 29 Days Ancient Heathen Nov. 15. Ludi Plebei 24. Brumalia Dec. 1. Fortunae muliebris fest 3. Posidonia 5. Faunalia 11. Alcyonii dies 14. Brumalia Ambrosia Modern Heathen Medusan a Festival of the Persees kept on the 11th of Adebese or December This as all the other is kept in memory of the Creation or monthly benefits Sir Tho. Herb. 10. In Tebeth December January Jewish 8. A Fast The Law was written in Greek in the days of K. Ptolomy Darkness for 3 days over the world Scal. 4. Fast for turning the Bible out of holy Hebrew into profane Greek Dr. Addison 9. Our Masters have not written the Cause why this Day was marked for a Fast Scal. 10. A Fast Jerusalem was besieged by the King of Babylon Idem and Dr. Addison Ancient Christian Dec. 25. Rosostua Christoua the Nativity of Christ a Feast of the Muscovites Epiphany Christmas-day 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Naz. Orat. 38 Observe 1. The Time In January on Epiphany-day probably in the East Clem. Alex. saith 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 So Lydiat in Emend Temp. Upon Advice from the West-Churches they changed it to Dec. 25. S. Chrysostome Serm. 31. Tom. 5. saith it was not above 10 years since in that Ghurch Antioch it began to be kept on that day and offers several reasons to prove that to be the day S. Ambrose Serm. 13. Length of nights had possessed the whole day had not the coming of Christ shined gloriously in the very shortness of days c. S. August Our Lord was born on the eighth of the Calends of January when the days begin to lengthen Aug. in Psal 132. et de Trin. l. 3. c. 5. So Orosius on the 8th of the Kal. of Jan. Oros l. 7. c. 2. S. Bernard Christ was born in the winter Bern. in Nat. Dom. Ser. 3. So Nicephorus Hist Eccl. l. 1. c. 12. Chemnitius Genebrard So the Arabian Persian and Syriac Churches Mr. Greg. Notes and Obs Soaliger H. Broughton Jacob Capella Alsted say Sept. or Octob. 2. The Antiquity In the 2d Century 't is mentioned by Theophilus Bishop of Caesarca Next by the Decretal Epistles but those suspected Next by Nicephorus H. Eccl. l. 7. c. 6. Who tells of Dioclesian burning a whole Church of Christians assembled to celebrate that Festival Dr. Brown in his Travels saith the Festivity of Christmas is observed at Vienna much after the same manner ceremonies and solemnity as in Italy p. 152. Jan. 6. Epiphany properly so called from the appearance 1. Of the star 2. The Trinity at Christ's baptism 3. The Divinity at Cana. Jan. 6. Bose Jaulenia or Chreschenia Epiphany A Festival of the Muscovites At Vienna the old Custom of chusing K. and Qu. was observed Count Lesly happened to be King the Emperor laid the Cloth and the Empress filled out
destroy him i. e. a Giant killed by Crutchman God M. de Thev Meduserum A feast of the Persees kept the 15 of Fez'e or February in memory of some monthly benefit Jewish 1. The Sabbatical year every Seventh year To signify that they and theirs were the Lord 's 1. On this year they did not till the ground 2. They discharged their Debtors and released the Debts And this to teach them 1. To depend on Providence 2. To mind them of Adam's fruitful Paradise 3. To mind them of the Everlasting Sabbath peradventure to commence from the 7000th Year 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Eliae dict ex Talm. 2. Jubilee from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Ram's Horn or Trumpet Josh 6.4 or Jubal Gen. 4.21 Every Forty Ninth Year On this Feast They 1. Restored Lands to the first owners 2. Released Servants 3. Preserved the Tribes distinct 4. It served for computation 5. They were put in mind of our Spiritual Jubilee under Christ by whom we are restored to our Land of Canaan and released of our Servitude and this signified too by the sound of the Gospel Zach. 9.14 As in the Babylonish Captivity so in the Dispersion since Christ they keep no Jubilee Rosse 3. Liver without ceasing denoted by the Fire continually burning upon the Altar Lev. 6.12 And again Holiness becomes thine House for ever And again Pray without ceasing Ancient Christian In imitation of the Jewish Pope Bonifiace 8th instituted A. C. 1300. the Popish Jubilee to be observed every 100dth year which Clement 6th abridged to every 50th year Ancient Heathen Amongst the Greeks 1. Olympia Games instituted by Hercules in Honour of Jupiter celebrated every Fifth year or 50th Month by 1. Running Five Exercises 2. Leaping Five Exercises 3. Quoiting Five Exercises 4. Wrestling Five Exercises 5. Hurling Five Exercises The Conquerors reward was a Crown with the Branch of an Olive Tree Amongst the Romans 2. Lustrum The Purgation of the City by Sacrifice every fifth year at which time the Censors went out of their Office and the Fee-Farm Rents were paid and then they Sacrificed a Sow a Sheep and a Bull in the Field of Mars to attone the Gods and purge the City 3. Ludi Seculares called also Tarentini from a place in Rome Celebrated every 100th year lasting three days in honour of Diana and Apollo The Young Virgins and Men were wont at this time to sing Hymns Poeanas to Apollo D' Assigny The Fire of the Vestal Nuns among the Greeks first and afterward the Romans seems derived from the Mosaic Institution The old Africans also whose chief Gods were the Sun and Fire kept Fire continually burning on their Altars Rosse Modern Heathen Tozcolt a kind of Jubilee in Mexico in Honour of Tezcalipuca kept in Mexico when there was given full Indulgence and Pardon of Sins In this day they did Sacrifice a Captive which resembled the Idol Purchas Every Twelfth Year in the City of Quilecare in Malabar is a Jubilee kept to the Honour of their Idol in which the King of that place on a Scaffold covered with Silk before the People washes himself Prayeth and having cut off his Nose Ears Lips c. at last cuts his own Throat as a Sacrifice to his Idol His Successor is bound to be present and to act the same Tragedy on himself next Jubilee Rosse The Pyree of the Persees in the E. Indies In Persia they had many Pyree or God-Fires not made of common Combustibles as Wood Straw Coals c. nor blown by any Bellows c. but kindled with Lightning or a Burning-glass c. Some to this day remaining above 1000 years as some say unextinguish'd Sir T. Herb. 15. The Peoples Reverence in Divine Worship Jewish WIth what Reverence the Jews were required to perform their Prayers and Publick Service antiently may be collected out of Sacred Scripture Now they Pray Girt standing upright Face Jerusalem-wards with Hand on the Heart and Head stooping abstaining strictly from Belching Yawning Spitting Breaking Wind c. Before their Synagogue they have an Iron fastened to make clean their shoes according to Solomon's counsel keep thy foot when thou goest into the House of God When they enter they put off their pantastoes Exod. 3.5 at entrance they pronounce some part of David's Psalms and must enter with fear and trembling Purchas See more in the chapter of Respect to places of Worship Ancient Christian They were required 1. To come to Church 1. In comely apparel with a grave pace silence chast body and mind Clem. Alex. pad 2. To use a modest voice order reverence in prayer Not to throw about their prayers with a wild and confused voice or disorderly prattling Gypr 3. Men with their heads bare as asham'd to look up to Heaven 4. Women covered Tertull. de Virg. veland 5. Hands lift up to Heaven a posture common to both Jews and Gentiles c. and expanded in form of a Cross Tertul. de Orat. c. 11. Apol. c. 39. 6. Kneeling most usually 7. Standing on Lord's days sitting ever held rude c. Tertullian falls heavy on some that clap'd themselves down upon their seats as soon as ever prayer was done and down-right charges it as against Script 8. Praying towards the East Either because that 1. Was the most excellent part of the Creation 2. Paradise was in the East Basil Const App. l. 2. 3. Or in resp of Christ the Son of Righteousness Clem. Alex. strom l. 7. Athan. c. 9. Standing usually at Sermon-time None sitting but the Bishop and Prsbyters Optat. de schism Donat. l. 4. Except In some Transmarine Churches perhaps Western the people had seats Aug. de Catech. ruaib It was part of the Deacons office to call on the people 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in respect of body and mind Chrys de incomp dei nat Hom. 4. et Liturg Gr. 10. Especially at the Gospel A general custom Sozomen wonders at the Bishop of Alexand that he did not rise up at the Gospel a thing saith he which I never saw or heard in any other place Hist Eccl. l. 7. c. 19. Philostorgius saith of Theophilus the Indian Bishop that amongst other irregularities he corrected in those Churches this was one sitting at the lessons out of the Gospels Hist Eccl. l. 3. n. 5. Constantine M. which Eusebius was making a Panegyrick before him in his Palace concerning our Saviour's Sepulcher would not sit down and when Eusebius besought him to sit upon his Throne yet would not and when Eusebius in compliance would have broken off and done he call'd on him to go on and when besought again he would still stand 11. People were forbid to depart till after the blessing Conc. Aurel. c. 22. Mahometan 1. The Mahometans after coming into Church say softly or aloud if they please I will imitate that Imam in what he doth 2. Next they put their hands upon their shoulders and say Allah ekber i. e. God is great 3. Then lay their hands one
over another upon the Navel and say softly some Prayers to themselves 4. They still keep their face to the Keble 5. At the end of every Prayer prostrate themselves on the ground and cry Allah ekber At Sabahnamaz they prostrate 8 times At Noon 20 times At the Quindy 16. At the Akschamnamaz 10. At the Yatzinamaz 24. 6. They never prattle nor talk in their Moschs but carry themselves with great Reverence 7. They turn neither this way nor that way whatever may happen M. de Thevenot Ancient Heathen The people were obliged both among the Ancient Greeks and Romans to a grave Comportment all profane and rude persons being driven away And when any Sacrifice was offered both the Priest and People that offered laid their hands on the Altar to signifie their free consent and heartiness of Devotion Modern Heathen In the Becar a Province of the East Indies when the people come to their Pagods having taken directions from their Bramens they anoint their bodies with Oil and say their Prayers and depart M. de Thov But first they present their Oblations to the Idol Idem The Persians are covered on their Heads all day long with their Shasks not excepting the presence of their King nor their set times of Devotion Sir Tho. Herbert 16. The Rule of Worship Jewish 1. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Moses The Prophets The Psalms H. Scripture Hammi-kra Reading 2. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 viz. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 A Secondary Law consisting in Traditions for many Years unwritten or dispersed without Order till after our Saviour's time and then by Rabbi Juda reduced to Aphorisins which afterwards became of great Authority with all the Jews The Book is called Mischna i. e. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Its parts are as followeth 1. Zeraim of Fruits and Seeds c. 2. Moed of Fasts 3. Naschim of Women Divorces Diseases 4. Nezikim of Losses 5. Kodaschim of Sacrifices and sacred things 6. Tahoroth of Purifications Hotting Their Religion is contained in the Old Testament and Talmud M. de Theven For say they Moses was not with God on M. Sinai 40 Days and 40 Nights to keep Geese Purchas Canons also were made by the Sanhedrim and varied in several Generations about the Times of Morning and Evening Service the Number of Prayers to be said daily which at last grew to be 18 c. Dr. Lightfoot To study and read the Bible is a Vertue and not a Vertue i. e. a small Vertue but to learn their mischna or Talmud-Text is a Vertue worthy Reward and to learn Gemaram the Complement of the Talmud is a Vertue so great that none can be greater Purchas ex Tract Banamaziah Ancient Christian 1. H. Scripture Our pious Fathers fetcht their Weapons against the Hereticks out of no other Armory than the Scripture Augustine against Patilianus the Donatist saith Let not these words be heard among us I say or you say but let us rather say Thus saith the Lord Jerome saith whatever things are asserted as delivered from the Apostles without Scripture-Testimony are smitten with the Sword of God Ambrose to Gratian the Emperour Let the Scriptures be asked saith he Let the Apostles be asked Let the Prophets be asked Let Christ be asked Jewel's Apol. I adore the fullness of Scripture Let Hermogenes's School shew that it is writ if not writ let him be afraid Tertul. 2. Traditions Of which Tertullian speaks in these words I will begin with Baptism where coming to the Water we testify before the President That we renounce the Devil his Pomps and his Angels then are we thrice dipt answering somewhat more than Christ commanded in his Gospel The Sacrament of the Eucharist which our Lord instituted after Supper we partake of in our meetings before the Day arise we think it wickedness to fast or to pray kneeling on the Lord's Day we kneel not from Easter till Whitsuntideâ— Whensoever we go forth or come in or whatsoever we are conversant about we sign our foreheads with the sign of the Cross And if you do require a Law of Scripture for these Observations you will find none Tradition will be alledged as the Author and Custome the confirmer of them de Coron Mil. c. 3.4 Vincentius Lirinensis saith he many a time and with much industry and attention enquired of Holy and Learned Men how he might by a certain general and regular way discern the Truth from Falshood c. and he always received this kind of Answer First by the Authority of the Divine Law and secondly by Tradition of the Catholick Church Because saith he tho the Scripture be perfect and more than sufficient for all things yet by reason of its heighth it is diversly interpreted Let us endeavour to hold that which hath been believed every where always by all Vin. Lirin Commonit c. 1 and 3. Mahometan Mahomet distinguisheth the Law into 1. Written viz. The Alcoran so called from Al this and Koran Reading of 124 Azoaras or chapters On the Cover of which they write Let none touch this but he that is clean Their Liturgy is in the Arabian Tongue not understood by many of the common people The Priests never touch their Alcoran without an Expression of much outward Reverence So the people at seeing or hearing of it read shew much attention affection and reverence The Alcoran written in Heaven and sent in the month Ramadan They lift it to their heads before they read it It hath no method or order in it 2. Unwritten viz. the Suna or Assonna Traditions whereof Bochari hath published 7275 Titles or Apothegms Most of the Mahometans do firmly believe them all called therefore Populus Sunae N. B. They receive the Decalogue of Moses and cause it to be observed by all M. de Theven Ancient Heathen 1. Written The Romans had the Books of Sibylla Cumana kept by a College of 8 Pontiffs with a Chief whose Office it was to regulate all the Ceremonies relating to the Worship of the Gods Galtruch What Rites of Sacrifices and Worship were to be observed were not only diligently prescribed in the Laws of Sacrifices but by the Oracle of Apollo enjoyned to be observed with much Accuracy Nat. Com. 2. Unwritten The Druids of Gaul held it not lawful to commit their Verses of which they had a great number containing the mysteries of their Discipline to writing Caesar Comment Modern Heathen 1. The Hindoes or Indians call the book of their Law Shestâ—r or the book of their written word which hath been transcribed in all ages ever since the first delivery of it not long after the Creation as they say by thee Bramins out of the which they deliver Precepts unto the people Viz. 1. Thou shalt not kill any living creature c. 2. To observe times of fasting and hours of watching 3. About Festivals c. 4. To take their food moderately c. 5. Help the poor as far as possible 6. Not to tell false Tales 7. Not to steal 8. Not
to defraud 9. Not to oppress 2. The Persees in their book of Religion have these Precepts the book called Zundawastau 1. To have shame and fear ever with thâ—â— 2. To consider whether what they take in hand be good or bad commanded or forbidden 3. To keep their Eyes and hearts from coveting what is another's and their hands from hurting any one 4. To have a care always to speak the Truth 5. To be known only in their own businesses and not to enquire into and to busie themselves in other mens matters 6. Not to entertain any other Law besides what they have delivered to them from their Prophets M. de Thevenot 3. The Indian Bramins call the books of their Religion Bets which are four in number which they say God sent to them and that they are the Keepers M. de Thev The Gaurs have a large Book in three parts relating to Salvation Dreams and Physick in a language which themselves scarce understand but by the help of other Books M. Tavernier l. 4. Diabolical The Devil is very cunning a notable Politician S. Paul knew him so and therefore uses many words to set out his Frauds His Interest and Subtility are the only Rules he goes by And he Attacks all persons he hath to deal with according to their Genius Exempl g. Balaam a false Prophet by Apparitions Dr. Dee a Mathematician by Magical Devices our Saviour by sacred Scripture the obstinate Jews by a false Messiah a Barcocab Enthusiastical Persons by Revelations Dreams Fancies Learned Men by Curiosities the Religious by Superstitions c. 17. The manner of calling Assemblies Jewish THE Jews Sounded Trumpets formerly Also they rung the great Bell Migrepha Now about five in the Afternoon the Door-Keeper of the Synagogue knocks at their Doors with a Hammer warning them to repair to Evening Prayer Rosse Ancient Christian At first certainly the Christians by agreement among themselves appointed the Day and Hour before-hand and conveyed the notice thereof by word of Mouth Pancirollus refers the Invention of Bells to Paulinus Bishop of Nola about the Year of Christ 400. But he rather changed the use of them to religious purposes Dr. Holid on Juv. In Cyprus the Greeks are called to Church in the Morning by one or two a Clock by the striking on their Door with a Hammer the Clerk uttering these words Christians go to Church Taver l. 2. c. 2 p. 81. The Musccvites have no Bells in Steeples but in a certain Engine or Machine near the Church in the Church-Yard and are for the most part so small that few of them are 150 or 200 pound weight They toll them at beginning of Service and at the elevation of the Chalice The Rope being fasten'd not to the Bell but the Clapper they easily Chime many together The Abyssines have no Bells of Brass or mix'd Metal but a kind of hollow Vessels made of Wood Stone or Iron more for noise than delight to the Ear. Job Ludolph Salmuth c. They have two great Bells in the Convent of Niamoni in the Isle of Chio. The Turks allowing them to Christians no where else There are little ones in every Village M. de Thev I passed by a Church in Ispahan where hearing a great noise I went into it the noise was made by striking with a great Stick upon a Deal-Board that was hung up which the Armenians are forced to make use of instead of Bells the Persians not permitting them to make use of any D. of Holst Amb. Trav. p. 208. Mahometan The Mahometans are called to Church five times a day by a Cryer by a Cryer bauling aloud Alla Allah Allahu The Turks call Etchmeasin in Persia the Seat of one of the Armenian-Patriarchs the Church with Bells for they are used here and no where else in Turkey except in Moldavia Valachia Mount Athos The Muczim goes up to a Minaret at every Mosque and stopping his Ears with his Fingers he sings and cries these words with all his force Allah ekbar c. i. e. God is great God is great is great great shew that there is but one God shew that Mahomet is his Prophet come and present your selves to the Mercy of God and ask Forgiveness of your Sins God is great God is great God is great God is great There is no other God but God M. de Thev This they do five times a day and on Friday six The Faquirs or poor Mahometan-Voluntiers the have many Disciples call them together when they assemble by the Sound of a Horn or the Beat of a Drum M. Tavernier Par. 2. l. 2. c. 2. Ancient Heathen The Persians did call an Assembly before Day-light saith Strabo 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 with the sound of a Bell. l. 15. The Priestesses of Bona-Dea at Rome were called to the Service by a Horn. Upon the Festival of Dame Flora the Rabble and idle Strumpets were called together by the sound of a Trumpet Modern Heathen In Pegu the Talapoi Summon the People to Church by sounding a brass Bason Pacquet broke open Vol. 2. In Mexico they awaked the People to Service with a Trumpet The Bannyans are called to their Idolatrous Devotions to their Pagods under their Trees with the sound of a little Bell. Sir Tho. Herb. In some parts of Java particularly Bantam they use Drums instead of Bells which they beat with a Bar as big as a Weaver's Beam and sometimes brass Basons Mandelslo In Siam their Pagods have Steeples and Bells Tavernier Upon tolling of the Bells they rise to Prayers about 4 it the Morning which they repeat again toward Evening Idem In Tunquin also they have Bells Idem In Gilolo and Amboyna they bring their Daemon or Nito to a conference by the sound of a little Tabor called Typha and with lighted Candles and Words of Conjuration Pacquet broke open Vol. 2. Diabolical In Amboyna to have conference with the Devil whom they call Nito they assemble to the number of 20 or 30 and call upon him with the beat of a little Drum consecrated to this use which they call Typha Mandelslo In New-England 1692. at Salem one G. B. was reported by some of the Witnesses for Summoning other Witches to a Sacrament with the sound of a Trumpet who failed not from all Quarters to go towards the appointed place of Meeting soon after the Sound Cotton Mather in his Wonders of the Invisible World 18. The Parts and Order of Divine or Religious Worship Domestical Jewish 1. PArts of Divine Worship Domestical Daily Daniel prayed thrice a day and praised GOD and it was his manner so to do Dan. 6.16 David prayed at Morning and Evening and Noon Night and Day even in his Bed making it swim with tears Anna served the Lord in the Temple with Fasting and Prayer Night and Day Luke 2.37 GOD appointed a Lamb to be offered for a daily Sacrifice Morning and Evening He that eats Bread with unwashen hands sins as grievously as he that lies with
difference there is between their priest and people save that I observed they carried at the end of a Cane a piece of Cow's Tail and that one of them suffered the Nails of his two fore-fingers to grow to the length of Eagles Claw's Mandelslo's Trav. p. 207. Ortelius mentions a strange custom among the Tartars that their Priests on high Trees preach to them and after Sermon besprinkle their Auditors with Blood Milk Earth and Cow-dung mixt together Rosse In Pegu the peoples Alms are brought to the preachers in the pulpits whilst preaching Idem In Mexico the priests did preach on some Festival days to the people Idem Diabolical The Devil useth several ways for the instruction of his Scholars 1. Sometimes he is seen to go in a visible shape through the Countrey as in Sweedland A.D. 1669. and 1670 and appearing dayly to the people working upon the weaker sort by presenting them with Meat and drink not Spiritual Manna 2. Sometimes he assembles his Disciples in a Church by night and appears to them in the Habit of a black man with a little-Band instructing them out of the pulpit Glanvil 3. Sometimes at his night-meetings he exhorts them to observe his Laws to do mischief and promises they shall want nothing Cloths Victuals nor Mony Idem N. B. The Name of God or Jesus Christ is never used or mentionen'd at their Meetings But yet where it may serve for his purpose the Devil can pray and preach too and that exceeding well Vide Dr. Dec's Actions with Spirits Quote Scripture readily S. Matth. c. 4. 6. Sacraments Vows Jewish 1. CIreumcision called a sign Gen. 17. a Seal Rom. 4.11 Observe 1. The Time the 8th day precisely 1. That a Sabbath might pass over it 2. Or to shew that God is not tied to Sacraments in the Salvation of persons 3. Or that it might be out of its legal uncleanness its blood Lev. 22.27 c. 12.2 3. 2. The penalty for Omission viz. Cutting-off by bodily Death probably or Excommunication 3. The manner The Jews 1. Bathe the Child oft to take away the filth 2. Bring it to the Synagogue in Parade with several Boys one bearing a Torch of 12 lights 3. Another a dish of Sand to throw the Prepuce into Another the Circumcisang instrument of wood stone iron c. also oyl rags c. a Cordial Sometimes 4. The Baal-berith gives the Child to Mohel c. See more in Book Second 2. The Passover See before in the Ch. of Times of publick Worship Festivals c. Some Jews will not suffer the Women to make clean the House in preparation for the Passover because they say Talkativeness is so natural to that Sex that they cannot perform the Office with so great silence as is required Dr. Addison Ancient Christian 1. Baptism wherein observe 1. By whom it was administred 1. By the President Just M. Antistes Tertul the Bishop Ignat. Ep. ad Smyrn Tertul. de Bapt. S. Hierom saith it was so in his time Sometimes the Bishop began the Prosbyters carried it on 2. Presbyters and Deacons Tertull. Philip Baptized 3. A Man Orthodox Cyprian with 87 African Bishops more in Con. Carth. was for rebaptizing persons baptiz'd by Hereticks 4. Lay-unordained persons in case of Necessity as Tertull. Hierom c. positively asserts and Conc. Illibar rectified the custom with this proviso that if the person lived he should have confirmation from the Bishop for they account none could be saved without Baptism by Water or Blood Font or Martyrdom 5. Women never allowed to baptize unless among Hereticks 6. Athanasius's case viz. Baptizing when a Boy was rare 2. To whom 1. Infants v. Irenaeum Tertul. Orig. Cypr. c. 2. Adult after they had been Catechised and given account of their proficiency to the Bishop 3. When 1. All times alike at the first afterwards 2. From Easter or Whitsuntide whence dying to sin c. 3. Clinici in case of Sickness or Death any time 4. Where 1. Where was Water Just. M. 2. Ponds Springs Rivers c. Tertul. 3. Baptisteria near or in the Church these were large with a partition for Men and Women 5. How 1. With great nakedness and simplicity 2. Afterwards there was Catechising the Catechumen sate with his Face toward the West hands stretch'd out interrogated insufflated anointed immersed 3 times anointed again and cloathed with a white Garmen Confirmation Infants when adult Adult Persons a little after Baptism were brought to the Bishop and anointed sometimes viz. if they had not had Compleat Baptism vid. Con. Aurant always confirmed by imposition of Hands with devout Prayers that the person confirmed might grow in Grace and be enabled to perform the Vows of Baptism Lords Supper Observe 1. The Persons administring viz. the President only Tertul. de Coron Mil. c. 3. who consecrated the Deacons distributing Just Mart. Apol. 2. 2. The Communicants 1. At first the whole Church 2. As Christians multiplied and a more exact Disciplines grew necessary the Faithful only Catechumens and Penitents being excluded scandalous persons debarred Persons sick or on just causes absent had some little pieces of the Consecrated Bread dipt in the Cup carried to them usually by the Deacon sometimes by any other person 3. Persons dead i. e. such as lapsed and died suddenly to shew that they died in the Communion of the Church This abrogated by the Concil Carth. 3. Trull 1. 4. New Baptized Infants commonly 3. The Time 1. What days Every Lord's Day besides other Days and especially Saturdays on which all the Churches in the World except Rome and Alexandria used to celebrate this Sacrament Socrat. l. 5. c. 22. 2. What time of the Day 1. Our Saviour at Night 2. When the Apostles did is doubtful 3. Tertullian saith at Supper tempore victus 4. In the Morning before day Plin. l. 10. Ep. 97. And Cyprian pleads for the Morning ad Cecil Ep. 63. This Custom obtain'd generally except in some places of Egypt Socrat. l. 5. 3. How often vid. post 1. At first every day as oft as they came together for Publick Worship We receive the Eucharist every day Cypr. de Orat. Dom. So S. Ambrose saith of his Church at Milan So S. Hierom of Rome In the East the custom wore off sooner S. Basil speaks of four times a Week Lord's Day Wednesday Friday Saturday besides Festivals 2. Afterwards once a Week three times a Year c. 4. The Place where 1. Our Saviour in a House at the Jews Passeover 2. The Apostles in an upper Room set apart for Church-Service 3. In Times of Persecution on Mountains Cryptâ— Tombs of Martyrs c. 4. When Temples were built at the East-end of the Church on a Table of Wood or Stone senced in with Rails Out of this place they were forbid to Communicate Laod. Cone Can. 58. unless in great necessity 5. The manner After the Service of the Catechumens 1. They offered all somewhat 2. Out of the Offerings which
Him who hath fed us with His own and of whose Goodness we live All the Guests answer'd Blessed be He of whose Meat we have eaten and of whose goodness we live Then the Master proceeded Blessed be He and blessed be His Name c. annexing a long Prayer in which he gave thanks 1. For present Food 2. Deliverance out of Aegypt 3. Circumcision 4. The Law And Prayed 1. For the People Israel 2. The City Jerusalem 3. Sion the Tabernacle of His Glory 4. The Kingdom of David's House 5. The coming of Elias 6. That God would make them worthy of those Days and the Life of the World to come Then the Guests answer Fear the Lord all ye his Saints for there is no lack c. Afterward he blessed the Cup as before and then drunk round And lastly they sung a Hymn Their gesture was lying on Beds They sent Portions to the needy Ancient Christian The Christian-Feasts used in Primitive Times were called Agapae or Love-Feasts The manner thus 1. They prayed to God before they ventured upon His Creatures 2. Ate but what sufficed Hunger drank no more than consisted with sober and modest Men and fed so as remembring they were to rise at night to worship God 3. When they had done they sung Psalms either of their own Composure or out of the Holy Volumes 4. And as they began so they ended the Feast with Prayer 5. And then departed with the same care to preserve their Modesty and Chastity so that they appeared not so much to have Feasted at Supper as to have fed upon Discipline and Order So Tertullian Mahometan The Mahometans have a kind of Easter-Feast which they call Bayran which lasteth three days in which they enjoy all sorts of Pleasures They have also great Feasting at the Circumcision of their Males They observe divers Festivals Rosse Ancient Heathen The Romans after Sacrificing went to Feast upon the remaining part of the Beast singing the praises of their God After the Banquet they did return to the Altar and cast into the Flames the Morsels of Meat that were left with the Tongue and some Wine and then did return thanks to the God for the honour and advantage of sharing with him in the Victim This ended they concluded with Prayers D Assigny upon Galir p. 26. At their ordinary Feasts they had Libationes To retrench the Expences of their Feasts and oblige them to Frugality and Moderation there were several Laws enacted amongst the Romans called Leges Sumptuariae concerning which more may be seen in A. Gellius Macrobius c. The order and manner of their Feasts was thus 1. As to the time it was commonly at Supper 2. Water was brought to wash with Modern Heathen In Tanquin they keep I casts commonly all Day and Night their most esteem'd Meats are Colt's Flesh and Dog's Flesh most of their Dishes are relished with a kind of Birds-nest which gives them a tast of almost all sorts of Spices They conclude commonly with Comedies and Fire-works Tavernier Diabolical At the Entertainments which the Devil makes for Witches by night Glanvil mentions Wine Cake Roast-Meat Drink Dances Musick And the Devil at Meeting bids them welcome 9. Church-Discipline Excommunication Jewish Observe here 1. THE Causes of Excommunication 1. Among the old Jews were only 1. Leprosie 2. Touching the Dead 3. An Issue 2. Among the Modern Jews are added 1. Scandalizing a Master though dead 2. Reviling a publick Minister of Justice 3. Calling a Free-man a Slave 4. Not appearing at the Consistory c. 5. Undervaluing a single Precept 6. Not doing what is appointed 7. Keeping what may hurt another as a Hiring Dog broken Scales 8. Selling Land to a Gentile 9. Witnessing in a Heathen Court against a Hebrew 10. A Priest Sacrificing and not giving the rest of the Priests their due 11. Working on the Fore-noon before the Passeover 12. Pronouncing the Name of God carelesly or with an Oath or in lofty Hyperbolical Terms 13. Causing the Vulgar to profane it 14. Computing times out of otherwise than their Fore-fathers in the Holy Land 15. Causing the Vulgar to eat holy things out of holy places 16. Causing the Blind to stumble 17. Hindering the Vulgar in any Command 18. A Priest Sacrificing a torn Beast 19. Killing a Beast with a Knife not yet tried by a Rabbi c. 20. Moroseness and backwardness to learn 21. Associating with a Wife after himself hath Divorced her 22. A wise Man or Rabbi of ill Fame 23. Undeservedly Excommunicating another 24. Profaning the Festivals 2. The Kings or Degrees 1. Niddui the lowest 2. Schammatha 3. Cherem Concerning which see in the Second Book Ancient Christian Observe 1. What Crimes All publick in themselves or made known to the Church after private admonition The greatest Temptation was to Idolatry committed 1. By Exposing the Scriptures called Traditores 2. Actual Sacrificing called Thurificati 3. Purchasing a Warrant from the Magistrate to execute them called Libellatici 2. What Penalties viz. Spiritual Excommunication for 2 3 5 7 10 20 30 years sometimes for their whole Life according to the Offence Clergy-men forfeited their Ministry And tho upon repentance admitted to Communion yet but as Lay-men Abstineri 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. Anathematizari 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Anathematizari Are all Synonymous terms signifying Excommunication 3. What manner 1. Reproofs and Exhortations were used in the Assembly 2. The Censure was passed not always in a formal manner the Fact being notorious and the offender ipso facto excommunicate The Excommunicate appeared in a sordid habit with a sad Countenance a head hung down tears in their Eyes standing without at the Church-doors never suffered to enter in falling down to the Ministers as they went in and begging the Prayers of all good Christians making open Confession of their Faults This was to satisfy 1. The Church of their Repentance and for the Scandal 2. God by acknowledging the fault and beging pardon 4. The time of Penance ended they addressed themselves to the Governors of the Church for Absolution their repentance examined and found sincere they were openly readmitted by imposition of hands The party kneeling down between the Bishop's knees or the Presbyters in his Absence the Bishop laying his hands on him and blessing him The Penitent was now received with acclamations of joy sometimes weeping for his Recovery to the Lord's Supper c. The set time of Penance was remitted in case of Death Persecution many Offenders Dignity Age c. 4. The Persons Excommunicating 1. The publick Congregation the people Cyprian 2. The Elders President Tertull. 3. The Majores Natu presiding in the Church Firmilian in a letter to Cyprian 4. Only the Bishop Conc. Illiber can 32. or 5. The Presbyter or Deacon in necessity Ibid. Cypr. 6. In the Decian Persecution a publick Penitentiary Martyrs gave sometimes Libellos to mitigate the Penance Mahometan The Mahometans have none but punish by Civil Magistrates
Yet their Dervices do undergo voluntary Penances far exceeding the Romanists herein putting such massy Fetters of Iron upon their Legs as that they could scarce stir with them and then covered with blew Mantles the Colour of Mourners going as fast as they are able bare-foot many miles together upon the hot parching ground in Pilgrimage to visit the Sepulchers of their Saints suffering and waiting for their Recompence in that better life to come Once in their lives they are obliged by their Law to go one Pilgrimage to Mecha Which is thus All the way they sing Verses of the Alcoran bestow Charity c. Two days before they arrive at Mecha they strip naked and continue so 8 days and go round the Kiaabe 7 times Praying with an Imam before them Ancient Heathen Corn. Cethegus and Qu. Sulpitius Roman Priests were put out of Office the one because he let fall the Apex which the Priests carried in Sacrificing from his Head the others because he did not place the Entrals of the Victim aright The Druids if any person private or publick engaged in Controversy will not stand to their determination they forbid them the Sacrifices Caesar de Bell. Gall. They sit in a Consecrated place whither all come for the hearing of Controversies The persons thus suspended were accounted impious and execrable All men shun'd their company The Unclean were driven away from Sacrifices by the Herald crying Procul este profani Vestal Virgins becoming incontinent were bound alive carried on a Bier through the Forum with great silence and horrour set on a Ladder by which she descended into a Cave where was prepared a Bed a burning Light a little Bread Water and Milk the Ladder drawn up the Cave's Mouth was filled up with earth either that such an offender might not be honour'd with burning or that being a Consecrate Virgin she might dye as it were of her own accord saith Plutar. Modern Heathen In the East-Indies when a Man or Woman hath committed a sin that makes them be expelled the Caste as if a Woman had lain with a Mahometan she must in order to be re-admitted live upon no nothing else for a certain time but the grain that is found amongst Cow-dung M. de Thev 10. Marriage and Divorce Jewish 1. MArriage Concerning the Marriage of the Ancient Jews I refer my Reader to Sacred Scripture The Barbary-Jews admit not any unmarried Sect among them Concerning their Marriages observe 1. Whom they marry One of their own Tribe 2. When. Their Daughters often are betrothed at ten Years of Age and if Rich married when young 3. How 1. The first visit is short to prevent disparagement if it succeed not 2. In case of liking Presents are sent 3. Articles are drawn up particularly even 'till it come to the Night-dress 4. A Dowry is made by the Man 5. The Woman is affianced i. e. given to the Man by some near Relation 6. For eight Days the Woman useth Bathing 7. On the Marriage-Eve she is put by two Matrons into Tabila a Cistern of cold Water not a Hair above Water when she comes out her Hair is neatly dressed up 8. On the Marriage-Day they put on their Wedding-Robes retire to their private Devotions and then to the Synagogue-Service 9. Then returns he to his Bride sitting in a Chair having a Virgin on each hand puts the Kedusim or Wedding-Ring on her Thumb or any Finger of her right Hand calling Witnesses 10. The Rabbi saith a Prayer 11. After Prayer having blessed and tasted a Glass of Wine he gives it to the Bridegroom who breaks it in remembrance of the destruction of the Temple 12. The Bridegroom takes off the Bride's Veil gives her the right hand sits down by her discourses a while retire into the Lodging-Room wherein are two Beds on the Floor to one of which the Bridegroom betakes himself after the Tokens received Deut. 22. and a certain short Mystical Prayer used 13. For eight days they Feast Neighbours come and pray with the Man the Woman being allowed these eight Days for Purification the Man sees her not but at meal-times 14. At a woman's first meeting her husband she walks thrice about him and the man once about the woman 2. Divorce concerning which and more concerning Marriage see in the Second Book Ancient Christian None could lawfully Marry till they had first advised with the Bishop and Clergy and obtained their leave probably to secure them from Marrying with Gentiles v. Tertull. de Monog c. 11. c ad Vx l. 2. c. 2.9 Pope Calixtus first Prohibited Matrimony between those that were near a-kin consanguineos of the same Blood such as the Laws of God of the Emperors Greek and Roman admitted to the Inherirance Carrauz in Decr. Calixti Pa. Christians were forbid to Marry with Infidels Idem Sum. Elibert Conc. c. 15.16 17. S. Jerome speaks of sponsalitius annulus upon Job c. 8. and on Isa 3. and Beda calls it sincera fidei signaculum on Luk. c. 5. Hom. 40. Pope Euristus in his first Epistle to the African Bishops shews in what manner Christian Matrimony ought to be Celebrated Viz. 1. Let a Wife be sought and betrothed by the Parents that are next to her a Parentibns Propinquioribus i. e. I suppose Father Grand-father c. 2. Let her be blessed in a Priestly manner as the custom is with Prayers and Orations by the Priest 3. Let her be kept and attended by the Brideman and Bride-maid and for two or three days let them be at leisure for Prayers and preserve their Chastity that good Children may be generated and they may please the Lord in their Actions otherwise saith he account them rather Adulteries Lewdness or Fornication than Wedlock Carrauz in Decr. Eucaristi Pa. Mahometan The Turks may have three sorts of Wives lawful Wives Wives of Kebin and Slaves 1. The first are thus Married 1. The Man agrees with the Maid's Parents for her Dowry 2. The Cady with two Witnesses writs down the agreement 3. Before the Celebration the Imam blesses the Marriage 4. On the day the Bride muffled up is led to the Bride-groom's House to Feasting and Musick c. They may have four Wives For Wives of Kebin less ceremony serves Divorces are thus The Husband goes before a Cady and saith I part with her for three times allowing her a Dowry if he Divorce her wrongfully nor may she Marry again till after four Months Ancient Heathen A Soothsayer and Witnesses were present at Marriages the one to give token of good luck e. g. a Crow because one dying the other lives without a Mate the others Signatores to Seal the form of the Contract They gave the Bride Golden Coin in a Charger which some think was stampt with the Resemblance of the Bride-groom or Bride or both Dr. Holy-day on Juv. p 114. They betrothed with a Ring Et digito pignus fortasse dedisti Juv. Pliny saith the Ring was of Iron Tertullian and Marcell Donatus of
Church-Yards weep and pray for the dead eat and drink Wine Baptism of the Cross is a Festival which the Armenians keep in commemoration of the Baptism of our Lord on the Day of Epiphany according to the old Calendar which they follow plunging after several Prayers a Cross into Water whereof all strive to take their shares in Pots M. de Thev They keep S. George's Day On Easter-Day by break of Day the Priests say Mass confess and administer after which it is lawful to eat flesh They have four other Feasts Christmass Ascension Annunciation and especially S. George's Tavernier Indians of St. Thomas Our three chief Festivals they celebrate The first of July also they commemorate the Martyrdom of S. Thomas Sir Tho. Herbert Muscovites The Muscovites observe 1. The Annunciation of our Lady March 25. 2. Easter-Day 3. Pentecost 4. New-years-day Sep. 1. 5. Nativity of the Mother of God Sep. 8. 6. The Manifestation of Christ on the Mount Sep. 6. 7. The Assumption of the Mother of God Sep. 15. 8. Exaltation of the Cross Sep. 14. 9. The Oblation of the Mother of God Nov. 21. 10. The Nativity of Christ Dec. 25. 11. Epiphany Jan. 6. 12. Candlemass-day Feb. 2. Of all which mention is made before Abyssines On their January 11th our 6th in the midst of their Summer and the Feast of Epiphany they commemorate our Saviour's Baptism the Clergy beginning the Solemnity before the dawn of the Morning with loud and chearful Hymns The King with all the Nobility the Metropolitan with his Clergy Noble with the Plebeian old and young thronging into the Rivers and Ponds before Sun-rise plunging and diving over head and ears craving of any of the Priests as they meet them a Blessing and being answer'd God bless thee or God the Father Son and Holy Ghost bless thee But this is turn'd into a kind of Sport rather than a pious Festival the young Men leaping and dancing and swimming and ducking one another and filling the neighbouring Fields with whoopings and hollowings Ludolph In their Thanksgiving-Solemnities they have their singing Priests Dabetra with very harsh Voices use Instruments of the Egyptian manner Cymbals Morrice-bells Kettle-Drums Skipping and Dancing as if they would make the Floor ring again which they call exulting and clapping hands to the God of Jacob and praising God upon the Harp and Organ and Cymbal Idem Nor is this so much to be admired if we know that in some places among the Latines the Feast of the Body of God was celebrated with a Harp and Dancing Idem They observe the Feasts of the Annunciation Nativity Circumcision Baptism Passion Resurrection Ascension Pentecost Sabeans or Christians of St. John I shall give an account of these by themselves as being part Christians part Turks part Jews and part Gentiles out of Monsieur de Thevenot Itin. Orient Ind. and Mons Tavernier in his Persian Travels 1. Most of the Sabeans are Gold-smiths very Poor and very Ignorant they live in Bassora Dgesire Harviza and Souster in Chusistan belonging to the King of Persia They have but two Books and them made lately though they say in the days of Adam their old ones burnt by Mahometans 2. They retain Baptism in remembrance of S. John's Baptism performed only on Sundays in running Water In the Name of the ancient Mighty Lord God who knows all that we do before the Light of the World Thrice besprinkling the Head of the Infant and thrice dipping it into the River and thrice rehearsing the same words And this is all their Ceremony and this reiterated every Year for the space of five days by Old and Young Male and Female and at Marriage the Bridegroom and Bride are baptized again Yet they say Christ is the Spirit and Word of the Eternal Father 3. As to Marriage The Minister takes an Oath from the Bride that she is a Virgin and afterwards the Minister's Wife searches her then they are both baptized and set Back to Back and the Minister saith some Prayers over them this is all the Ceremony Ministers and Laity may have two Wives but the Ministers ever a Maid at Marriage 4. As to the Eucharist They say only some Prayers over the Hoste which is made of Flour kneaded with Wine and Oyl their Wine drawn from Grapes steep'd in Water and press'd 5. As to Orders They have superior and inferior Ministers but use no great Ceremony in Consecration a Minister says some Prayers over him who is made Minister and that 's all Children succeed to their Fathers if sixteen or seventeen Years of Age or in defect of Sons the next of kin 6. Gospel they have none All their Service consists in some Prayers and in Communicating as before is said They say Christ left twelve Apostles to preach 7. On Sundays they work not They highly honour the Cross and sign themselves with it 8. Three Festivals they have yearly their Year consisting of 366 days i. e. twelve Months and six days 1. At New Year which lasts three days in memory of the Creation 2. At the beginning of the fourth month three days in memory of St. John 3. At the beginning of the seventh month five days in remembrance of our Saviour's being Baptized by St. John They are all baptized during these five days This Feast is called Pendgia 9. No other Saints they acknowledge but S. John S. Zacharias S. Elizabeth and S. M. Magd. They acknowledge Jesus Christ but S. John's Servant born of a Virgin Crucified c. 10. No Purgatory but a Heaven and Hell viz. A narrow Passage for the Wicked guarded with Lyons and Bears which will devour them c. The Good go the same way but over these Beasts straight to Paradise 11. No Meat they eat of but kill'd by a Sabean all other is unclean 12. Therefore their Ministers are always their Butchers who put on white Drawers a Rope for a Girdle a white Shirt girt with it a white Turban a white Napkin about their Neck like a Stole and another rag for a Fillet Then they wash e. g. the Feet and Beak of the Pullet they are to kill because it eats and often treads on unclean things then they kill it saying In the name of the Merciful God may this be Blessed to those that eat it Sheep and Fish they wash not accounting their Food Grass and Water not unclean things 13. They will not Drink in a Vessel wherein one not a Sabean hath drank 14. They abhor the Blew Colour because the Jews in Malice knowing that Baptism was to destroy their Law when St. John was baptizing Jesus threw Indico into Jordan to spoil the Water c. from thence God cursed this blew colour Others say Dogs Ordure is used in dying of this colour N. B. M. Tavernier saith the words at Baptism are Beesmebrad er Rabi Kaddamin Akzeri Menhal el genuat Alli Kouli Kralek i. e. In the Name of the Lord first and last of the World and of Paradise the
High Creator of all things That the Bishop reads Prayers over the Child in Church before the Baptism and in the River at Baptism while the Godfather plunges the Child three times all over and then to Feasting Papists 1. Doctrines according to the Council of Trent I N. do with a stedfast Faith believe and profess all and every Point contained in the Symbol of the Faith that the Holy Roman Church doth use viz. To believe in God the Father Almighty Maker of Heaven and Earth of all things visible and invisible And in one Lord Jesus Christ the only begotten Son of God and born of the Father before all Worlds God of God Light of Light True God of True God begotten not made of the same Substance with the Father by whom all things were made who for us Men and for our Salvation came down from Heaven was Incarnate by the Holy Ghost of the Virgin Mary and was made Man was crucified for us under Pontius Pilate suffered and was buried and rose again the third day according to the Scriptures and ascended up into Heaven sitteth at the right Hand of the Father and he shall come again with Glory to judge both the Quick and the Dead of whose Kingdom there shall be no end and in the Holy Ghost the Lord and Giver of Life who proceedeth from the Father and the Son who with the Father and the Son together is worshipped and glorified who spake by the Prophets and one Holy Catholick and Apostolick Church I confess one Baptism for the Remission of Sins and I expect the Resurrection of the Dead and the Life of the World to come Amen I do most stedfastly admit and embrace the Traditions of the Apostles and of the Church and all other Observances and Constitutions of the same Church I do likewise admit the Holy Scripture according to that Sense which our Holy Mother the Catholick Church hath holden and doth hold unto whom it doth appertain to judge of the True Sense and Interpretation of the Holy Scriptures neither will I ever understand nor interpret the same otherwise than according to the uniform consent of the Fathers I do also profess that there be truly and properly Seven Sacraments of the New Law and necessary for the Salvation of Mankind although they be not necessary for all Men viz. Baptism Confirmation Eucharist Pennance Extream Unction Orders and Matrimony and that these Sacraments do give Grace and that of them Baptism Confirmation and Orders cannot be reiterated without Sacrilege I do also receive and admit all the received and approved Ceremonies of the Catholick Church in the Solemn Administration of all the aforesaid Sacraments I do embrace and receive all and every of those things which in the Holy Council of Trent have been defined and declared touching Original Sin and Justification I do profess also that in the Mass is offered unto God a true proper and propitiatory Sacrifice for the Quick and Dead and that in the most Holy Sacrifice of the Altar there is truly really and substantially the Body and Blood together with the Soul and Divinity of our Lord Jesus Christ and that there is made a Conversion of the whole Substance of Wine into the Blood which Conversion the Catholick Church doth call Transubstantiation I do also confess that under either kind only is received Christ whole intire and the True Sacrament I do constantly hold that there it Purgatory and that the Souls which be there detained are holpen by the Prayers of the Faithful Also that the Saints who reign together with Christ are to be worshipped and called upon and that they offer up Prayers to God for us and that their Relicks are to be worshipped I do most stedfastly affirm that the Images of Christ of the Mother of God always Virgin and of other Saints are to be had and received and that due Honour and Reverence is to be given to them I do affirm that the Authority of Indulgencies was left by Christ in the Church and that the use of them is very behooveful to Christian People I do acknowledge the Holy Catholick and Apostolick Roman Church to be the Mother and Mistress of all Churches and do promise and swear true Obedience to the Bishop of Rome who is the Successor of St. Peter Prince of the Apostles and the Vicar of Jesus Christ All other things defined and declared by the Holy Canons and Oecumenical Councils and chiefly by the Holy Council of Trent I do undoubtedly receive and profess And also all contrary things and whatsoever Heresies condemned rejected and accursed by the Church I likewise do condemn reject and accurse This True Catholick Faith without which no Man can be Saved which now I do willingly profess and hold I the same I. N. do Promise Vow and Swear to hold and confess most constantly by God's help intire and uncorrupted even to the last end of my Life and to procure as much as shall lye in me that my Subjects or those of whom I shall have care in my Office shall accordingly teach and preach the same So God help me and these Holy Gospels of God Dr. James Library-keeper of Oxford out of Lewis de Grenado 's Sp. Doctrine 2. Vsages and Ceremonies and Traditions 1. In publick Prayers they use the Latine-Tongue 2. In the Commandments they make the First and Second One and divide the Tenth into Two 3. They distinguish Sins into 1. Mortal by which only they say the Commandments are broken which are 1. Pride 2. Covetousness 3. Leachery 4. Anger 5. Gluttony 6. Envy 7. Sloth 2. Venial Not contrary to the end of the Commandments i. e. to Charity e. g. an idle Word an officious or jesting Lie stealing of a Pin or Apple c. not killing but disposing to mortal Sin 4. They say 't is possible necessary and easie by the assistance of God's Grace to keep all the Commandments 5. That mortal sin is remitted by 1. Hearty Penance 2. Contrition 6. That venial sin is remitted by 1. All the Sacraments 2. Holy-water 3. Devout Prayer c. 7. The punishment Of mortal sin is Hell for ever 7. The punishment Of venial sin is Purgatory 8. That there are six Sins against the Holy Ghost 1. Despair of Salvation 2. Presumption of God's Mercy 3. Impugning the known Truth 4. Envy at others known good 5. Obstinacy in Sin 6. Final Impenitence 9. That there are four crying Sins 1. Wilful Murder 2. The Sin of Sodom 3. Oppression of the Poor 4. Defrauding VVork-men of their VVages 10. There be three principal Counsels of Christ to his Church 1. Voluntary Poverty 2. Perpetual Chastity 3. Obedience to another's will in all that is not Sin 11. There be six Commandments of the Church principally 1. To hear Mass on all Sundays and Holy-Days if opportunity serve 2. To Fast 1. Lent 2. Vigils commanded 3. Ember-Days and Fridays by custom of England 4. To abstain from Flesh on Saturdays 3. To confess
three Hours which Christ hung on the Cross 17. Uncovering the Chalice and signing it five times with the Host to signifie the rending the Veil of the Temple c. 18. Pater Noster said with a loud Voice to signifie the seven Mystical Words spoke by our Saviour with a loud Voice on the Cross 1. Father forgive them c. 2. To day shalt thou be with c. 3. Behold thy Mother Woman behold c. 4. My God c. 5. I Thirst. 6. Into thy hands c. 7. It is finished 19. Laying down the Host upon the Corporal and then covering the Chalice again to signifie taking Christ down from the Cross 20. The Priest is silent for a time to signifie our Saviour's Rest in the Grave 21. The Host divided into three parts his Body broken and divided into Hands Side and Feet 22. Signing the Chalice three times again with a particle of the Host and raising his voice saying Pax Domini c. 23. Putting a particle of the Host into the Chalice to signifie the reuniting of our Saviour's Body and Soul 24. Saying aloud Agnus Dei qui c. 25. Pax or Kiss of Peace given before Communion 26. Ite missa est The Host is offered Mass ended c. 27. The Priest lifteth up his hands and blesseth the People N. The Missal is the Book wherein the Mass is contained 19. The Office of our Lady concerning which observe 1. The Book in which it is contained the Primer 2. The Parts 1. Hymns 2. Psalms 3. Canticles 4. Antiphones 5. Versicles 6. Responsories 7. Prayers 3. The Time viz. seven Hours several The time of our Saviour's Passion 4. The Contents 1. Matins and Lauds a Commemoration of his Bloody Sweat and binding in the Garden c. 2. The first Hour his being led through the Streets at Jerusalem with the Indignities c. 3. The third Hour whipping crowning with Thorns c. 4. The ninth Hour drinking Gall and Vinegar dying c. 5. The Evening-Song his taking from the Cross c. 6. The Compline his Burial 20. Festival-Days 1. Of Christ 1. His Nativity Christmass 2. Circumcision New-years-day 3. Epiphany Twelfth-day 4. Purification the Presentation of Christ c. Before Mass of that Day the Church blesseth the Lights for the whole Year and makes a Procession with hallowed Lights in the hands of all the Faithful 5. Transfiguration 6. Resurrection or Easter-Day from Oriens the East 7. Ascension 8. Corpus Christi-day in honour of the real Presence The Eucharist on this Feast during the Octave is exposed to be adored in all the principal Churches of the World and great Processions are made in honour of it 9. Four Sundays of Advent 10. Septuagesima Sexagesima Quinquag Quad. 11. Passion-Sunday to prepare us for the approaching Passion 12. Palm-Sunday on which Day the Church blesseth Palms and make a Solemn Procession the People bearing Palm-branches in their hands 13. Dominica in Albis Low-Sunday the Octave of Easter-Day because on that Day the Catechumens were solemnly divested in the Church of their white Garments 2. Of our Blessed Lady viz. 6. The Conception Nativity Presentation Annunciation Visitation and Assumption of our Blessed Lady 3. Pentecost or Whitsunday 4. Trinity-Sunday 5. Other peculiar days 1. The Feast of St. Peter's Chair at Antioch viz. his installing there 2. Of his Chair at Rome viz. his Translation from Antioch c. 3. Of S. Peter and S. Paul together 4. S. Peter ad vincula Acts 12. 5. Michaelmass a Church on that Day in Rome was Dedicated to S. Michael by Pope Boniface 6. The Apparition of S. Michael he appearing on Mount Garganus where by his own appointment a Temple was Dedicated to him 7. All-Saints to beg the Patronage of all together 8. All-Souls to pray Souls out of Purgatory 9. Ashwednesday the Priest blesseth Ashes on this day wherewith he signs the People with a Cross on their Foreheads saying memento homo remember Man that thou art dust and to dust c. 10. Mandy Thursday in memory of our Lord's last Supper when he washed his Disciples Feet So called from Mandatum Novum do vobis the beginning of the Antiphon The Bishops on this day begin the Ceremony of washing the Peoples Feet 21. Good Friday Add two Holy Rood-days viz. Invention and Exaltation 12. Three days of Tenebrae before Easter 13. Rogation-week a week of publick Prayer and Processions for the temperateness of the weather c. from Rogo c. 14. Quatuor Tempora Ember-weeks 21. Orders of Monks or Friers whose Officers are Prior Provincial and General c. 1. Monks of St. Basil who abstain from Flesh of which not many in the Church of Rome but many in the Greek Church 2. Austine Friers or Eremites or Friers Mendicants viz. The First Order Other Branches of them are 1. Monks of S. Hierom in Spain especially Their Robe a white Cassok under a Tawny Cloak 2. Carmelites or Jacobines or white Friers from the Colour of their Habit. 3. Friers of S. Cross Crouched Friers their Robe is watchet and in their hands they carry the Figure of the Cross 4. Dominicans or Friers Praedicant who are to Preach the Gospelin all parts of the World called also Black Friers from the Colour of their Habit and are the third Order of Friers-Mendicants 3. Benedictines whose Habit is a loose black Gown reaching to the Ground with a hood of the same an under Garment of white Woollen and Boots on their Legs Other Branches 1. Monks of Clugnia from Clugny in Normandy 2. Carthusians from Carthusia a Town in Dauphine They Eat no Flesh live by couples labour with their hands watch pray and never meet together but upon Sundays 3. Monks of Cisteaûx so called from a place in Burgundy called by us white Monks as the common Benedictines black Monks from their Habit which was a white Cassock girt with a woollen Girdle the rest black 4. Celestines from Celestine the 5th c. 4. Franciscans from S. Francis of Assis in Spoleto who profess absolute Beggary are to carry no money about them nor more Victuals than will for the present serve for themselves and brethren The chief branches of them are 1. Minors from their humility Cordeliers by the French from the knotty Cord which they use for a Girdle Grey Friers by the English from the colour of their upper Garment These are the fourth and last of the Friers Mendicants 2. Minims who keep always a true Lenten Fast unless in sickness their Robe is a Dark Tawny with a Hood of the same hanging to the Girdle 3. Capuchins from their Cowl or Capuch who are to spend all their time in prayer generally thought to be the most devout of all 5. Jesuits neither simply Lay nor Priests nor merely Secular nor Regular but all together who are to vow not only Poverty Obedience and Chastity as the rest but Mission i. e. to go upon command of the Pope or General on any hazardous
the Alms and this is done every Lord's Day and the Purse laid upon the Communion-Table 7. Then the Minister prays again concluding with the Lord's prayer 8. After which they sing another Psalm and conclude with the Blessing Afternoon-Service 1. At one a clock the Bell rings and calls to Catechism which is begun with a Psalm and prayer and concluded with a prayer also the minister in the rehearsal of it standing before the Communion-Table 2. Then the Bells ring again for the Evening-Service which is much what in the same manner with the Morning-Service Note that in some Churches they have Organs in others none Lutherans of the Palatinate On Week-days they have Prayers every Morning and in some places Morning and Evening their Order thus 1. They sing as on Sundays taking the Psalms before them in order as they go one day the 1st and 2d Psalms the next the 3d and 4th c. 2. The Minister Prays in short 3. He reads a Chapter out of the Old Testament and another out of the New 4. He reads a Form of Common-Prayer one single Prayer for all necessities Emperors Magistrates c. by Book the People all the while lifting up their hands closed together concluding with the Lord's Supper 5. He ends with the Blessing Note 1. In some places they have Prayers on Wednesdays in others on Wednesdays and Fridays 2. Every first Wednesday in the Month is a prayer-Prayer-day the Shops being shut and no body daring to work till after Sermon 3. The Lord's Supper is administered in some places monthly in others quarterly The Posture standing notice is given before hand and the Minister goes with the Church-warden from House to House a Fortnight before to examine them of their fitness and the day before he gives a preparation Sermon and puts Interrogatories to the People taking a kind of Confession from them and requiring their Answer Yes 4. At Baptism the Midwife holds the Child the Godfather and Godmother standing by whilst the Minister takes water out of a Bason on the Communion-Table and sprinkles it on the child In the Name of the Father the Son and the Holy Ghost 5. On Whitsunday they sing one of Luther's Hymns to this purpose Now we beseech thee Holy Ghost Through Faith thou wilt us keep That when this world we shall depart In thee Lord we may sleep Kyrie Eleison Thou the true Light enlighten us Let us know thee alone Who in our Father's Countrey hast Thy mercy to us shown Kyrie Elison c. It consists of two such Stanzaes more each concluding with Kyrie Eleison 2. Calvinists 1. Their Doctrines and Discipline They hold absolute Praedestination Ordinatination by Priests appoint Synods at stated times and places are for the assistance of Lay-elders in the use of the Ministry condemn Diocesan Episcopacy and all significant Ceremonies Lent days of Saints the Cross in Baptism together with all unnecessary impositions the use of Godfathers and Godmothers in Baptism and the Government of Bishops without the Assistance of Presbyters Mr. Ric. Baxter 2. Their Worship and Usages 1. In the Canton of Zurick 1. Their Morning Service 1. In the morning on Sundays they begin with Grace Peace and Mercy from Almighty God be at all times with us miserable sinners Amen And then in a certain Form Pray for the Magistrates Burger-master Persecuted Churches sick and afflicted and distracted Persons about which the Minister is allowed to enlarge his Prayers concluding always with the Lords Prayer 2. The Minister kneels down having laid his Book on the Pulpit Prays in silence for himself as the People also do 3. He delivers his Sermon by Heart as they are all enjoyned to do 4. In case of Wedding he publishes the Banns thus These following Honest persons c. but in case of scandalous unchastness the word Honest is left out 5. If any be Dead that week the Minister names them praiseth God for their deliverance out of this Thraldom into everlasting Joy advising them to be watchful c. 6. Next follows a short general confession of sins I poor sinful wretch c. and after that a Prayer for the Sabbath all Kings and Estates of Christendom the Cantons of Switzerland c. concluded with the Lord's Prayer 7. The Minister turning towards the People saith For God's sake remember always the Poor in your Alms Pray constantly one for another Pray to God for me which I also will do for you tho this only the Lord Antistes is used to say and after the Administration of Holy Baptism and the Christian Hymn is finished to the praise of God depart in peace And the grace of God be with you 8. After this the Minister goes down from the Pulpit to the Font to Christen the Children if there be any to be Baptized 9. Then the chief Chanter with his Scholars begins a Psalm taking the Book of Psalms in order before them throughout in the year the whole Congregation of men Women and Children following with distinct Voices and a most Melodious Harmony N. B. Young Ladies and Gentlewomen learn of their Minister to sing and play on Virginals but are forbidden Dancing 2. Their latter Morning-Service begins At Nine a Clock with a short Form much what as in the former Morning-Service and then Sermon and last of all with a short Confession of Sin and Prayer for God's Mercy and the Lord's Prayer and another pretty long Form of Prayer he concludes adding Pray continually c. depart in peace On Sunday-Mornings they always preach on one of the Four Evangelists their Sermons are an hour long or near it Heathen Authors seldom mentioned and the Primitive Fathers but sparingly The Text expounded out of the Hebrew or Greek Originals meer Morality preach'd is sharply censured by the Chapter or Synod 3. Their Noon-Service 1. The Minister useth the same Form of Prayer as he used before the Sermon in the Morning concluding with the Lord's Prayer c. 2. He rehearses the Ten Commandments and the Apostles Creed concluding them with a Collect. 3. Then either continuing in the Pulpit or going from Pew to Pew according to his discretion over against the Font which is placed near the Quire he examines the Children and Youths even 'till they are capable of the Lord's Supper or 'till Marriage in some places out of the Tigurine-Catechism or takes an account of several Lessons out of Holy Scripture which he had assign'd them before 4. Then out of the Pulpit he makes a Paraphrase or Explication of the Questions he ask'd 5. At last he concludes with a Prayer O merciful God who preparest Praises to thy self out of the mouths of Babes and Sucklings c. Concluding with the Lord's Prayer At this Service the Parents are bound to be present under pain of Censure and Rebuke of the Minister or Consistory 4. Their Evening-Service for they have Service four times a day consists 1. Of a Form before the Sermon for themselves for the
Catholick Church c. 2. A silent Prayer as in the Morning 3. A Sermon 4. A Form consisting of a Collect the Lord's Prayer and another longer Form with Pray constantly c. and depart in peace as before Besides these Services which are all for Sundays they have also Forms of Prayer for every Day of the Week Morning and Evening and Sermons every Day On Saturdays in the Evening as well as Sundays at Noon they examine the Catechism and have a peculiar Form of Prayer for that purpose so likewise for the Fasts and Festivals appointed as the Day after our Saviour's Nativity New-year-day Easter-Monday Ascension-day Pentecost the Day of Church-Dedication and extraordinary occasions as War Victory Plague Murrain c. Their Baptism is thus 1. The Minister begins with saying In the name of God Amen If ye the God-fathers and God-mothers desire that this Child be baptized in the Baptism of our Lord Jesus Christ say Yea. 2. Then after an Exhortation he proceeds to pray for a Blessing upon the Child in a pretty long Form 3. He reads the Gospel Mark 10. concluding thus Praise be unto God he forgives us all our sins through his Son Amen 4. After a short Speech to the Sureties he rehearseth the Creed and calls upon the Sureties to pray for such a Faith for that Child saying Our Father which art in Heaven c. 5. He asks the Sureties If they will according to their utmost power and as necessity may require be instrumental to and assist in the Education of the Child c. The Sureties answering Yea. 6. The Sureties name the Child the God-mother holding the Child over the Font whilest the Minister pours three handfuls of Water upon his Fore-head saying N. N. I baptize thee in the Name of God the Father the Son and the Holy Ghost Amen 7. The Minister blesses the Child in these words God grant unto thee that as thou art now besprinkled with clean Water thou mayest likewise appear before God in the last day with a pure and undefiled Conscience and so to be eternally saved N. B. Baptism is never administred privately but at time of Publick-Service the first opportunity after the Birth The God-father in the Church presents a piece of Gold or Silver to the Nurse and if a Female-Child to the God-mother also if a Male the God-mother to the God-father Every year they send New-years-gifts to their God-children which some continue to do 'till they are of Age for the Lord's Supper and some 'till Marriage On their Birth-day yearly they use to feast their God-children and give them grave advice None are to be Christen'd without Sureties Their Administration of the Lord's Supper thus 1. The Minister useth a grave Exhortation concerning the intention of the Sacrament 2. The People confess their Sins and pray for pardon as after the Sermon 3. The Antistes behind the Table with an Arch-Deacon on either hand if there be so many saith with a loud Voice In the name of God the Father the Son and the Holy Ghost Arch-Deacon answering Amen Antistes Let us pray O Almighty c. Arch-Deacon That which is now read is contained in 1 Cor. 11.20 21 c. Antistes Praise be unto God Arch-Deacon on the right hand And Peace on Earth Antistes Good-will towards Men. First Arch-Deacon We praise thee we magnifie thee Second Arch-Deacon We worship thee we honour thee Antistes We render thanks for thy great honour and benefits O Lord God Heavenly King Father Almighty First Arch-Deacon O Lord thou only begotten Son Jesus Christ and thou O Holy Ghost Second Arch-Deacon O Lord God Lamb of God Son of the Father thou that takest away the Sins of the World c. and so on with an alternate voice to the end of that Hymn 4. The First Arch-Deacon reads part of the sixth Chapter of S. John's Gospel Thus speaketh the Lord Jesus Verily verily I say unto you He that believes in me hath everlasting life I am the bread of life c. Concluding with Praises and thanks be unto God He forgives us all our sins according to his holy word Amen which is said by the Antistes 5. The Antistes and the Arch-Deacons alternately rehearse the Creed as they did the Hymn before 6. Then follows an Exhortation to the Examining themselves ending thus Wherefore kneel down and pray 7. Then the Ministers kneeling about the Lord's Table and the People either standing or kneeling say the Lord's Prayer 8. The First Arch-Deacon saith Lift up your hearts unto God and say with Devotion O Lord Almighty God c. 9. The Antistes afterwards saith Hear now with Devotion and Faith how Christ Jesus did celebrate his holy Supper c. Jesus on the night in which he was betrayed took Bread c. Here the Antistes takes the Bread breaks it eats a Morsel and gives the rest to the first Arch-Deacon who reaches the same to the other Ministers about the Table Afterwards when he comes to those Words He took also the Cup he takes a Cup and having drank of it gives to the first Arch-Deacon as he did the Bread and he to the Ministers and they to the People a Reader from the Pulpit in the interim reading the Lord's Speech concerning the Supper beginning at S. John 13.1 10. Then the Antistes and Arch-Deacons alternately say Antistes Rise up and let us render Praise and Thanks unto the Lord. First Arch-Deacon I will praise thee O my God c. This Hymn consists of 14 or 15 Responses 11. They read alternately the 113 Psalm which was wont to be read at the Passeover 12. Lastly follows an Exhortation with a Consolation and Benediction and a short Collect concluding thus For God's sake remember the Poor always in your Alms pray constantly one for another And after the Christian Hymn be ended which concludes the Solemnity Depart in peace and the Grace of God be with you Note 1. Their Bread is unleavened made in a broad square Cake thin almost as Paper white as Snow by the chief Sexton only of their great Minster Church 2. They use wooden Cups in Imitation of the Primitive Simplicity 3. They receive in their Seats the common People sitting or standing Their Discipline 1. The Ministers are obliged to call such as they know to have committed Notorious Crimes or to be inflamed with Hatred and Passion some Weeks before the Administration of the Sacrament into their Closets or before the Church-wardens according to their Discretion to admonish and warn them and declare to them that if they do not repent c. the Sacrament will prove to them not an Earnest of God's Favour but of his Just Wrath and their Damnation c. 2. Those that will not be reconciled to their Enemies shall not be admitted to the Sacrament 3. Yet Excommunication is never formally practised in the Church of Zurick but instead thereof the Ministers are commanded by the Higher Power and by the Synod to
and dismiss the People with the Blessing Numb 6.24 The Afternoon Service is the same except that instead of Reading the Commandments they Sing them 6. They receive the Lord's Supper standing during the Administration Chapters are Read and Psalms Sung till the Holy Ceremony is over and then instead of the 117th Psalm they sing the Song of Simeon kneeling 7. Baptism is administred in the Church and the People strictly forbid to depart till the Solemnity is over The Father promises to take care of his Child but the same is required of a Godfather and Godmother 8. No Marriage is solemnized without an antecedent Publication of the Banns 9. They say Prayers in their Families which they conclude with the Lord's Prayer Creed and Blessing morning and Evening 10. They bless their Meat in the Name of the Father Son and Holy Ghost 11. They Excommunicate all scandalous and notorious Offenders and admit them not to the Sacrament till after a publick Confession Mr. Janmard Vic. of Arundel in Sussex 3. In England I need not to say what their Doctrine Discipline or way of Divine Worship is the Assemblies Catechism giving a sufficient Account of their Doctrine and the Directory of their Discipline and Worship And besides this Book being in the English Tongue primarily and chiefly for the use of English-men it will not be hard for any English-man to inform himself by a personal acquaintance and conversation with them 4. In Scotland 1. Their Doctrine is mostly agreeable to that of the English except that they hold the King inferiour to the Church and consequently may be Excommunicated which I think for I would slander no party is peculiar to them and Fathered upon their Politicks 2. Their Worship thus 1. A Psalm two or three Verses 2. A Prayer 3. A Text and Sermon 4. A short Prayer 5. A Psalm with Glory to the Father Son c. 5. In New-England 1. For morning 1. A Prayer 2. The Sermon 3. A Psalm 4. A conclusion with Prayers for the sick c. 2. Evening 1. A Psalm 2. A short Prayer 3. The Sermon 4. A Prayer pretty long 5. A Psalm again 6. A conclusion by way of Prayer and Benediction c. They have Sacraments every Month once APPENDIX COncerning Differences in the Church of Geneva Dr. Burnet tells us The middle way that Amirald Daille and some others in France took in the matters that were disputed in Holland concerning the Divine Decrees and the extent of the Death of Christ as it came to be generally followed in France so it had some Asserters both in Geneva and Switzerland who denied the imputation of Adam's sin and asserted the Universality of Christ's Death together with a sufficient Grace given to all Men asserting with this a particular and free Decree of Election with an Efficacious Grace for those included in it These came to be called Vniversalists and began to grow very considerable in Geneva Two of the Professors of Divinity there being known to favour those Opinions whereupon those who adhered strictly to the opposite Doctrine were inflamed and the Contention grew to that height that almost the whole Town came to be concerned and all were divided into Parties But tho the Party of Universalists was considerable in Geneva it was very small in Switzerland therefore some Divines there that adhered to the old received Doctrine drew up some Articles in which all these Doctrines were not only condemned together with some speculations that were asserted concerning Adam's immortality and other qualities belonging to the state of innocency But because Capel and some other Criticks had not only asserted the Novelty of the Points but had taken the liberty to correct the reading of the Hebrew c. They condemned all Corrections of the Hebrew Bible and asserted the Antiquity of the Points or at least of the Power and reading according to them obliging all such as should be admitted tot he Ministery to sign sic sentio so I think Thus at Bern Zurich and Geneva Dr. Burnet's Letters Independents The Tenets of the Independents are as follow 1. They hold That particular Churches associated for personal Communion are of Divine Institution 2. That particular Churches ought to have a proper Exercise of Discipline amongst themselves 3. That none but free Consenters should receive the Sacrament nor be related to the Pastor as his Flock 4. That the rest should live as Catechumens in peace 5. That the Church of England is no True Church 6. That Parish-Churches are no True Churches 7. That Parish-Ministers are no True Ministers if Ordained by Diocesans and not chosen by the People 8. That Ministers and People must gather Churches that are purer and set up purer Discipline whatever Rulers say or do or themselves suffer by it 9. That no prohibition of the Magistrate will warrant a Minister to forbear his Office Mr. Rich. Baxter Mr. Rosse and others give a larger account of their Opinions but these being all that they have of late Years contended for and being of late at least in part reconciled to the Presbyterians I forbear to ascribe any more to them Anabaptists Their Doctrines are as follows 1. They condemn Infant-Baptism 2. They condemn Tithes and forced Maintenance of Ministers 3. They allow not as lawful Swearing before a Magistrate 4. They condemn Magistracy it self as unlawful among Christians 5. They say That humane Learning is unnecessary in a Minister These are commonly professed by them to this that They who would know more may read Mr. Rosse Paget c. I forbear at present to tax them with the Doctrine of Community of Goods and some other Doctrines which as the case now stands with them are laid asleep and not asserted or owned by them Quakers 1. Their Tenets 1. They deny the Scriptures to be the Word of God but yet grant them to be an holy Declaration of the Word of God and of the Rule and Guide in Matters of Salvation 2. They hold That the Spirit which leads into all Truth is the great Evangelical Rule of Holy Living 3. That Christians ought now to expect inward Revelation from the Spirit of God 4. That Forms of Prayer are not to be perpetuated in the Church 5. That Baptism by Water is not Christ's Ordinance 6. That the Lord's Supper is unnecessary to the Regenerate because Christ is come to them viz. by his Spirit 7. That Swearing before Magistrates is unlawful 8. That all persons inspired may preach tho' Mechanicks 9. That Errors and Vices do un-minister Men. 10. That the jewish-Jewish-Sabbath being a Type of Spiritual Rest under the Gospel we are not now bound to any set Day yet to some time of Divine Worship W. Penn Esq See more in Mr. Rosse's View of all Religions c. 2. Their Divisions In England they are divided especially in two Parties such as follow Mr. Mead who is accounted the most rational and moderate and such as adhere to Mr. Penn. In Pennsilvania we have had
Embassies and Arts Threats and Promises of the Church of Rome their Pastors were prevailed with to make Retractations and submit themselves for a while to the Papal Yoke But they soon started back again and the whole body of the people were never entirely reduced to this day Yet bitterly reproached and spitefully represented to the World and confounded with the Manichees Cathari and the worst of Hereticks on purpose to derive the greater Odium and stroke of Persecution upon them 2. Their Names At first they were called Patarines from a place called Patria or Pataria where upon a difference with their Neighbours they were feign to say Mass by themselves afterwards Subalpini from the Countrey Waldenses from Valles Waldenses from Waldo being an Eminent Man and one that had translated the Scriptures into a Known Tongue and probably many of his disciples joyning themselves to this Church Lions the place of their abode gave them the Name of Poor People of Lions c. Albigenses 3. Their Countrey First Italy and the Countrey of Piedmont Lombardy France and Bohemia whither they fled for shelter in the times of persecution about A. C. 1200. England c. 4. Their Doctrines 1. The Church of Rome is an Assembly of ungodly men not the Church of Christ but the Whore in the Revelation 2. All sins reign in that Church 3. That themselves are the true poor in Spirit who suffer for the Faith c. The True Church of Christ 4. That the Eastern Church doth not value the Church of Rome 5. They despise all Ordinances and Statutes of the Church as being too many and burdensom 6. The Prelates are the Scribes and Pharisees 7. None in the Church ought to be greater than other 8. None ought to kneel to a Priest See thou do it not Rev. 9. Tythes are not to be given to Priests nor the Clergy ought not to enjoy any Temporal Possessions Prebends Regalia c. 10. Neither Land nor People ought to be divided into Parishes 11. They condemn Monasteries all the Sacraments of the Church of Rome 12. They were against Swearing c. But these are accounted to us by Authors of the Roman Church with so much malice and confusion that 't is not easie to believe any of their Reports They had indeed a mixture of Error with their substantial Truths which is capable of Apology 5. Their Conduct of Life They were orderly and modest in their manners and behaviour avoiding all Pride in their Habits wearing neither very rich Cloaths nor over mean and ragged ones they kept up no Trade to avoid Lies Swearing and Deceit but only lived by the Labour of their hands as Handy-crafts men and Day-labourers and their Teachers were Weavers and Tailors they did not heap up Riches but were content with Necessaries they were also very Chast sparing and very temperate in Eating and Drinking not frequenting Taverns or Ale-houses nor going to Balls or other Vanities abstaining from Anger when they workt they either Learned or Taught and therefore Prayed but little They Hypocritically went to Church Offered Confessed Communicated and heard Sermons to catch the Preacher in his Words Observe this Character is given them by an Adversary an Inquisitor who wrote in the 14th Century In like manner their Women were very modest avoiding Back-biting Foolish Jesting and levity of Words and abstaining especially from lies and swearing not so much as making use of the common Asseverations In truth for certain c. 6. Their Worship and Behaviour from the afore-said Anthor They kneel down upon the ground before a bench or the like and continue thus in all their Prayers in silence as long as one might repeat a Pater-Noster 30 or 40 times and conclude their Prayers by repeating the word Amen several times and this they do every day very Reverently amongst those of their own Perswasion without the company of any Strangers before noon after noon and at night when they go to bed besides some other times as well in the day morning and at night they say teach nor have any other Prayer besides Our Father They do not look on the Salutation of the Angel to be a Prayer nor the Apostle's Creed and say that these were introduced by the Church of Rome not by Christ However they have drawn up a short draught of the seven Articles concerning the Godhead and as many concerning the Human Nature the Ten Commandmants and the seven Works of Mercy which they say and teach and boast much of them and readily offer themselves to Answer to any one that demands of them a reason of their Faith Before they set themselves down to Table they bless it saying Bless the Lord. Lord have mercy upon us Christ have mercy upon us Lord have mercy upon us Our Father c. After which the Eldest of the Company saith in the Vulgar Tongue God who blessed the 5 barley Loaves and 2 Fishes in the Desart before his Disciples bless this Table and that which is upon it and then make the sign of the Cross in the Name of the Father Son and Holy Ghost Amen And when they rise from Table after Dinner or Supper they give Thanks thus the Eldest in the Vulgar Tongue repeating the Doxology set down in the Revelation Blessing and Glory and Wisdom and Thanksgiving Honour Power and Might be ascribed to God alone for ever and ever Amen And then adds God render a good reward and a plentiful return to all those who are our Benefactors and the God who hath given us Corporal food vouchsafe us also the Life of his Spirit and God be with us and we with him always Amen Also when they bless the Table and when they return Thanks they fold their Hands together and lift them up towards Heaven And after Dinner and they have returned Thanks and Prayed as before they Preach Teach and Exhort according to their way and Doctrine They who would know more may read Archbishop Vsher Morland Dr. Allix out of whom I have in great hast Extracted this short Account rather to give an edg than satisfy the Appetite of my Readers Place these Two Leaves before the 2d Part. THE HISTORY OF ALL RELIGIONS In the World c. PART II. 1. Knowledge of God Jewish MAimonides acknowledges God to be incorporeal and incomprehensible Dr. Tenison Esdras appointed the People to meet three times a week to be taught the Law because in the desart of Sur they wandered three days without water i. e. the Law Ross Christians S. Augustine was inflamed with a desire of Wisdom by reading Ciccro's Hortensius That Book saith he changed my Affections and turned my Prayers to thy self O Lord and made an alteration in my wishes and desires All vain hope grew low in my esteem on a suddain and I long'd for the Immortality of Wisdom with an incredible heat of mind How did I burn my God how did I burn with a desire to fly from Earthly things to thee and I knew
Sabbath must fast the next day after to do Penance After Dinner the Rabbies have thought fit to study or read sacred Writ because say they the Sabbath once complained to God for lack of a Meet Companion and God answered Israel shall be thy Companion for on the Sabbath they shall learn the Law c. Dr. Addison Esseans The Esseans are more severe than any other in observing the Sabbath for they do not only abstain from dressing of meat which they dress the Evening before that day but also they may not remove any Vessel out of its place nor satisfie the necessities of nature Josephus de Bell. Jud. l. 2. c. 7. The Talmud expresly speaks for no other Reason was the Temple at Jerusalem destroyed but because the Jews observed not the Sabbath aright Though a Man have an hundred Maids or the command of a Thousand Servants yet he himself ought with his own hands to do something in honour of the Sabbath and so we read in the Talmud that Rabbi Casdam cut the Pot-herbs R. Joseph clave the Wood R. Sira kindled the fire R. Nachman swept the House and covered the Table Dr. Addison Present State of the Jews in Barb. Christians The first Observation of the Christian Sabbath was more by the Providence and Design of God than the Apostles own Inclination Joh. 20.19 The second was performed volutarily Joh. 20.26 So afterwards upon the Day of Pentecost being the first day Act. 2.1 Act. 20.7 Rev. 1.10 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Just. Mart. Apol. 2. Countrey work about Husbandry Vintage Sowing Mowing Threshing c. is prohibited by the Council of Arles Conc. 3. Can. 21. Fasting is forbid Conc. Caesar August Vid. Carrauz Sum. p. 119. S. Augustine declares himself frequently against Dancing on the Lord's Day Hearing or pleading of Causes on the Lord's Day is prohibited apud Gratian. Adrian p. c. 15. q. 4. item Conc. Eph. Conc. Tarracon c. Judges Riding to Assizes is reproved very gravely by Gattaker in his Sermon called God's Parley with Princes p. 13. Concerning God's Judgments upon Sabbath-Breakers see Mr. Mayer on the Church-Catechism also the Practice of Piety and my Book called The Christian's Companion The whole Week is Sanctified by this Day and according to my care of this is my Blessing on the Rest Dr. Hall To the same purpose Judge Hale remark'd upon himself That according to his Devotion on the Lord's Day he prospered in his Affairs the Week following Modern Heathens I came to the place where my Company Encamped they waited only for a Billet from the Customer to be gone but it could not be had that Day because it was Friday and the Customer who was a Mahometan observed that Day with great exactness M. de Thev Travels into the Indies l. 3. p. 77. In Guinea The Heathens forbear on their Sabbath which is Thursday Fishing and Husbandry and the Palm-Wine that is got that day must not be sold but offered to the King who bestows it on the Courtiers to drink at Night View of the Engl. Acqu in Guin and the E. Ind. On this Day in the Market-place on a Table three yards high whose flat cover is made of straw and reeds interwoven they place many Rings which they call Festiloes or Gods and within them set Wheat Water and Oil for their Gods whom they imagine devour it Ibid. Discipline Jews THe Jews still enjoyn Circumcision under its old Penalty Gen. 17. viz. Cutting off Yet they are not peremptory about the precise time viz. Eight days after the birth I knew one Jacob Israel Belgara born in Spain coming afterwards to Barbary 1667 Circumcised in the 40th year of his Age. Dr. Addison Christians I called to mind a passage of a Letter of Cornelius that was Bishop of Rome after the middle of the Third Century preserved by Eusebius in his 6th Book ch 43. There were 46 Presbyters 7 Deacons 7 Subdeacons 94 of the inferiour Orders of the Clergy among them also 1500 Widows and other Poor maintained out of the publick Charities Dr. Burnet's Letters When Philip the Emperor would have gone into Church on Easter-Eve to Prayers the Bishop of the place would by no means suffer it till he had made Confession of his Sins and passed thro' the Order of Penitents being guilty of great sins and the Emperor very willingly submitted to it Euseb l. 6. Some think this was rather Philip Governor in Egypt Theodosius the Great for his barbarous Slaughter of the Thessalonians was by S. Ambrose suspended brought to publick Confession forced a severe Penance for eight Months together Prostrations in the Church tearing off his Hair beating his Forehead watering his Cheeks with Tears c. crying out as David My Soul cleaveth unto the dust quicken thou me according to thy word After which he was Absolved and restored to Communion Theodor. H. Eccl. l. 5. c. 15. A Publick Penitentiary an Holy grave Presbyter was appointed to take Confessions of those sins which persons had committed after Baptism and by Prayers Fastings Mortifications to prepare them for Absolution This continued some hundreds of years till Abrogated by Nectarius S. Chrysostom's Predecessor in Constantinople upon occasion of a Woman complaining that during her time of Penitent Exercises in the Church she was tempted to Folly by a Deacon This was done by the Advice of Eudemon most Bishops following his Example Dr. Cave The Clergy of Venice have a very extraordinary sort of Exemption and are a sort of a Body like a Presbytery independent of the Bishop The Curates are chosen by the Inhabitants of every Parish and no Noble Venetian is suffered to pretend to any Curacy thinking it below their Dignity There is a sort of Association among the Curates for Judging of their common concerns and some of the Laity of the several Parishes assist in those Courts so that here is a real Presbytery Dr. Burnet's Letters I wondred at two Discourses that I heard at one Church in Milan at the same time in the Afternoon for there were two Bodies of Men set down in different places of the Church all covered and two Lay-Men in ordinary Habits were entertaining them with Discourses of Religion in a Catechistical Stile These were Confrairies and those were some of the more Devout that instructed the rest This as I never saw any where else so I do not know whether it is peculiar to Milan or not Idem Cathay The Tartars here punish the breach of their Traditions with Death or a Penal Sum of Mony tho in Trifling matters as touching the Fire with a Knife medling with young Birds c. which are forbid Packet broke open vol. 2. Presbyterians Amongst the Presbyterians the Minister or Presbytery may not Excommunicate without the consent of the Church nor for any faults but sins of Perversness and after admonition nor for private sins but those which are publick and scandalous nor for the Sins of others as Bishop Auxilius Excommunicated a whole family
Invented on those that were willing to read them Hieron adv Ruff. Chrysostom maintained many Presbyters and Monks in Phoenicia at his own charge to instruct the Heathens and procured a Law from Arcadius Emp. for pulling down the Pagan Temples and when many of them were wounded and slain for their pains he encourages them to go on and promiseth though himself then in Banishment and his Incomes poor that their former Pensions should be paid them Theod. Hist Eccl. What care S. John took for the Soul of a young Man entrusted with a Bishop and afterward turned High-way-man vid. alibi What care and pains Monica took for the Conversion of her Husband Patricius vid. Aug. Conf. l. 9. c. 9. as also for her Son Augustine vid. ibid. c. 10. Serapion called Sindonites because he never wore but one poor Linnen Garment sold himself to a Gentile Player that served the Theatre with whom he lived and underwent the meanest offices 'till he had converted him his Wife and whole Family to Christianity who upon their Baptism restored him to Liberty whereupon he freely returned them back the Money which he had received as the price of his Servitude which by mutual consent was given to the Poor Coming afterwarks to Lacedaemon he sold himself to a principal Man of that City that was a Manichee but otherwise a good man and served him two Years as his Slave 'till he had brought that whole Family off from that pernicious Heresie and for his kindness was afterward respected as a Brother or Father Pallad Hist Laus c. 83. in Vit. Serap Origen tells Celsus That some of the Christians had peculiarly undertaken to go up and down to Towns and Villages c. to convert others often wanting convenient Accomodations for their pains Orig. contr Celss The Lady Bowes afterward Lady Darcy in the North gave about one Thousand Pounds per Annum to maintain Preachers where there were nor any means for them such as Mr. Baines Mr. Dyke c. Clark's Lives Love to the Souls of others Armenians THE Revenue of the Armenian Patriarch is 600000 Crowns or thereabouts for all the Armenian-Christians that are above fifteen Years of Age ought to pay him yearly five Sous and though many pay him not by reason of their Poverty yet the Rich supply that defect who sometimes pay him two or three Crowns a head But this Money doth not stay in the Patriarch's Pocket Nay he is sometimes behind hand for he is engaged to relieve the poor Armenians who have not wherewithal to pay the Carage the Annual Tribute imposed by the Mahometan Prince otherwise necessity would force them to become Mahometans and they their Wives and Children would be sold which the Grand Patriarch labours all he can no prevent M. Tavern l. 1. c. 3. Protestants Fox thus reports of Bishop Hooper Twice I was at his Palace at Worcester where in his Common-Hall I saw a Table spread with good store of Meat and beset full of Beggars and poor Folk and I asking his Servants what it meant they told me That every day their Lord and Master's manner was to have customably to Dinner a certain number of poor Folk of the said City by course who were served by four at a Mess with whole and wholesom Meats and when they were served being before examined by him or his Deputies of the Lord's Prayer Ten Commandments and the Articles of their Faith then he himself sat down to Dinner and not before Fox Mar. Chinese In Quinsay in a walled Park belonging to a Monastery the Monks fed 4000 living Creatures of divers kinds out of their Charity to the Souls of Noble Men which they believed were entered into the Bodies of these Creatures Rosse Care of their Bodies Jews THe Jews have no Beggars such as go from house to house tho in Barbary many indigent persons With great insulting they upbraid the Moor and Christian with their Common Beggars Their way of Releiving the poor is 1. By Copies of the Law bought and laid up in the Synagogue till the buyer's family or any of them be in poverty and then sold for their use 2. By Legacies of dying persons For none dye safely say they who bequeath not something to the Corban 3. Contributions out of which they raise portions and provide for Orphans And to avoid Sophistication the poorer females are provided for by lot those on whom the lot falls are first placed in marriage 4. Private Alms on Fridays and Holy-days 5. By Kibbus or letters of Collection from Synagogue to Synagogue Dr. Addison Christians Cyprian gave especially to the Presbyters and Deacons of his Church to provide for the poor Ep. 5. Dionysius Bishop of Corinth testifies of the Church of Rome that they administred very liberally to the necessities of other Churches as well as their own Euseb Hist. Eccl. l. 4. c. 23. Chrysostom tells of the Church of Antioch tho the Revenues of it were small in his time yet besides its Clergy besides strangers Lepers and Prisoners it daily maintained above 3000 Widows and Maids Hom. 67. in Matt. Cyprian upon his turning Christian sold his Estate to relieve the wants of others and could not be Restrained from it by perswasions or considerations After his entrance on the Ministery his doors were open to all comers from whom no Widow ever returned empty to the Blind he would be a Guide to direct them a support to the Lame a defence to the oppressed Vit. ejus Paul Diac. Caesarius S. Basil's Brother made this short Will I Will that all my Estate be given to the poor Basil ad Sophron. Ep. 84. Nazianzen saith His Father gave not only the Surplusage of his Estate to the Poor but even part of what he reserved for necessary uses Of his Mother That an Ocean of Wealth would not have filled her unsatisfyed desire of doing good That he often heard her say if lawful she could willingly have Sold her self and Children to expend the Price on the Poor Of his Sister Gorgonia That she was immensely Liberal her gate open to every stranger her Estate common to the Poor and as much at their need as every one's is to himself Orat. 19. Abassines Amongst the Abassines Homicides are deliver'd up to the next of Kin to the Party Murder'd at whose free will it is to Pardon the Malefactors sell them to foreign Merchants or put them to what death they please If the Homicide escape unknown all the Neighbourhood are obliged to pay a Fine Job Imdolph a custom still used in Persia Ancient Heathens Every one of us is encompassed round with many circles some less some greater c. In the first are those things which belong to our own Body the second comprehends our Parents Wives and Children the third Uncles Aunts Grandfathers and Grandmothers Nephews c. The fourth the rest of our Relations then those of our own Tribe and Society next our Neighbourhood and Nation the last and greatest is that
Study but among the Magistrates and Citizens And if there are not many Men of the first Form of Learning among them yet every one almost here hath a good Tincture of a learned Education insomuch that they are Masters of the Latin Tongue they know the Controversies of Religion and History and are generally Men of good Sense Dr. Burnet's Letters Muscovites A Muscovite may sell his Son and alienate him for his own Advantage but they seldom come to such Extremities and had rather see their Children Starve at home than suffer them to go out any where to Service Sometimes for Debt they make over their Children to their Creditors D. of Holstein's Emb. Travels The first thing the Muscovites teach their Children is to make their Reverences and Inclinations to the Images At Ladoga I lodg'd at a Womans House who would not give his Breakfast to a Child she had who could hardly either stand or speak till he had first made nine Inclinations or Bows to the Saint and as often as well as he could pronounce it said his Gospodi Lord have Mercy upon me Idem Persians The Persians put their Children very young either to Work or to School to learn to Write Read and Cast Account Their Metzid or Mosquits where they say their Prayers serve also for Schools No City but hath as many Metzids as Streets every Street being obliged to maintain a Metzid with a Molla or Professor or Principal and Calife which is the Regent belonging to it Idem They have also Universities Medressa and Professors Mederis at Ispahan Sohiras Ardebil Meschid Tabris Caswin Kom Jescht Schamachie c. with Revenues from such Provinces as pay no Taxes to the King for the teaching of Mathematicks Eloquence Poetry Natural and Moral Philosophy Law and Medicine Idem Chinese The first Lectures they make to Youth are those of Compliments whereof there are whole Books Mandelslo Indians The Bannians accustom their Children betimes to fly Idleness and instead of permitting them to play in the Streets as we generally do they teach them Arithmetick which they are so perfect at that without making use of either Pen and Ink or Counters but only of their Memories they will in a moment cast up the most difficult Account that can be imagined Tavernier Part 2. l. 2. c. 3. Turks The Turks are not much given to Contemplation Learning yet are careful to breed up their Children and to be Instructed for the which there are many Schools where they read their Laws to the end they may serve in their Mosques or be able to Govern the Common-weal Knolles Persians The Persians seldom see their Infants 'till past four Years of Age from which or Twenty they learn to Ride and Shoot also to fair meanly lodge hard watch till the ground and be content with small things Sir Tho. Herbert Heathens Japan In Japan they bring up their Children with extraordinary Indulgence and Mildness never beating and very seldom chiding them considering that they are not yet come to the use of Reason and for this reason their Children at 7 8 or 9 Years of Age have more piercing Wits and are more Searching and Inquisitive and Brisk than our Youth at Seventeen or Eighteen Mandelslo's Trav. p. 157. Siam In Siam the Inheritance is divided equally to the Children except the Eldest who hath some advantage at five or six Years of Age they are put to the Ecclesiasticks to Write and Read and be Instructed in Religion the Parents in the mean time very seldom seeing them afterwards to a Trade or if Ingenious continued in their Studies to fit them for the Priestly Function or some other Employments which among them are bestowed according to Merit not Money Idem p. 104. Tunquin In Tunquin when they put forth a Child to learn Sculpture Painting Goldsmith's Work c. before they let him Work they set him upon an Altar and Sacrifice to the Idol Tiensa which is the Patroness of Handicrafts to the end she may infuse into the Lad Wit and Aptness to learn Tavern Coll. Good Children Jews KIng Josiah Timothy c. Hopeful from their Youth At Five Years old the Children go to School are Five Years learning the Pentateuch at Ten are put to learn the Mischna and some choice Parcels of the Talmud at Thirteen they receive the Passeover and are purified and now are answerable for their own Faults And at this Age by way of Question and Answer there are no Youth under Heaven can give so good account of their Religion as the Jewish Dr. Addison They are usually girt as soon as their Bodies will endure it and never go ungirt to the Synagogue ungirt unblest Idem Christians Origen when a Child was mightily inquisitive into the recondite meaning of the Scriptures even tiring his Parents with asking Religious Questions comforting his Father in Prison with Letters and hardly forbearing to offer himself to Martyrdom Dr. Cave Mr. Tho. Cartwright in his younger Years hath risen many times in the Night to seek out places to pray in Clark's Lives Mr. Arthur Hildersam of Papist-Parents was converted by Mr. Desborow his School-Master and fitted for Cambridge by thirteen Years of Age. Idem Mr. Rich. Sedgwick when a School-boy living with an Uncle when the rest of the Family were at their Games and Dancings he would be in a Corner mourning his Uncle at first imputed it to Bookishness and rebuked him for it but at last perceiving the Truth of the thing began to hate him cast him out of his Family saying A Puritan should never inherit his Land Idem Mr. Julines Hering born in Montgomery educated first in Shropshire next removed to Coventry when at School was noted for his diligence in reading the Scriptures On play-Play-days he with two or three more School-Fellows would pray together repeat the Heads of their Catechism with the Sermons which they heard last Lord's Day Idem Mr. Herbert Palmer esteem'd Sanctified even from the Womb at the Age of four or five Years he would cry to go to his Lady-Mother Sir Tho. Palmer being his Father that he might hear somewhat of GOD. When a Child little more than five Years old he wept in reading the Story of Joseph and took much pleasure in learning Chapters by heart He learned the French-Tongue almost so soon as he could speak He often affirmed That he never remembred the Learning of it By his Discourse he could hardly be distinguish'd from a Native French-man When at the Latine-School at vacant hours when others were at play he was constantly observed to be reading studiously by himself Dr. W. Gouge at School continually studious even at Play-hours was even then conscionable in secret Prayer and Sanctifying the Sabbath much grieved at the Sports and Pastimes used too licenciously on that day Mr. Tho. Gattaker often chid by his Father from his Book Mr. Jer. Whitaker when a School-Boy would frequently go in company 8 or 10 Miles to hear a Warming-Sermon and took Sermon-Notes
Glanvil tells us from the Confession of some Witches that at their Night-Meetings when the Cloth is laid and the Devil set down at the upper end of the Table he useth some words before Meat Jews The Jews spreading their Hands over the Bread say Blessed art thou O Lord God King of the World who bringest Bread out of the Earth then over a Cup of Wine Blessed c. who hast made the Fruit of the Vine over Water no Blessing the 23d Psalm is set before them at Meal time and they have Multitudes of new Graces if any better Dainties be set before them Purchas Forms of Excommunication Jews The Degrees or Kinds of Excommunication are 1. THE Niddui the lowest sort as some think a separation or casting out of the Synagogue for about thirty Days during which time the Party was not to come within four Cubits either of Man or Woman nor to dress or trim himself as at other times yet admitted to instruction and divine Service Might be more severely punished his Son might be denied Circumcision his Dead not buried according to the Contumacy of the Person Excommunicated The Form was this N. Let him be excommunicated 2. The Shammatha the same with Maranatha as some think Mr. Selden thinks 't is the same with Niddui This was a total Exclusion from the Church a blotting them out of the Book of Life and not permitting them the least Communion in things of publick Religion and the word Shammatha they interpret the Coming of the Lord to take Vengeance on the Excommunicate It was never pronounced but when the Offender became desperate 3. The Cherem when the Offender within 30 days gave no sign of Amendment This was so dreadful and direful in our Saviour's time that many principal Jews who believed on Christ durst not confess him for fear of it See the Form By the Decrees of Cities and Command of the Holy we Anathematize adjure exterminate excommunicate curse and execrate God being willing and his Church by the Book of the Law by the 600 Precepts therein written by the Anathema with which Joshua anathematized Jericho by the Curse wherewith Elisha cursed the Young Man by the Curse wherewith Gehezi cursed his Boy and by the Excommunication with which Baruch excommunicated Merozi and by the Excommunication which R. Jehuda Son of Jehezkiel used in this matter and by all the Anathemata Imprecations Curses Excommunications and Exterminations which have been made from the time of our Master Moses and since by the name of Acetheriel Jah the Lord of Hosts Michael the great Prince by the name of Mittatron whose name is as the name of his Master by the name of Sandalipon who ties the bands of the Lord by the name of the 42 Letters by his name who appeared to Moses in the Bush by the name with which Moses divided the Sea by the name I am what I am by the mystery of the name Tetragrammaton by the Scripture that was written upon the Tables by the name of the Lord of Armies Sabath the God of Israel sitting upon the Cherubim By the name of the Spheres and Circles and Living Creatures Saints and Ministring Angels By the name of all the Angels which wait on the most High God Every Israelite and Israelitess who willingly and knowingly violates any of those laws which are now denounced to be observed Let him be Cursed of the God of Israel who sits upon Cherubim Let him be Cursed by the Bright and Glorious name which the High Priest in the day of expiation expresseth with his mouth Let him be Cursed by Heaven and Earth Cursed from Almighty God Cursed of Michael the great Prince Cursed of Mittatron whose name is as the name of his Master Cursed of Acetheriel Jah the Lord of Hosts of the Seraphim and of the Orbs of the Holy Animals and Angels who wait before the most High God of Israel in Holiness and Purity If he was born in the month Nisan which the Angel Vriel as the Prince of the Classes under which it is governs Let him be Cursed of him and all his Order and if in the month Ijar which the Angel Tzephaniel governs let him be Cursed of him and all his order c. Let him be Cursed of the 7 Angels set over the 7 weeks and of all their order and helping power Let him be Cursed of the 4 Angels which govern the 4 Seasons of the year Cursed of the 7 Palaces Cursed of the Princes of the Law by the name of the Crown and the name of the Seal Let him be Cursed of the great God strong and Bright Let him receive Confusion for his embraces Let him fall with swift Ruin Let God the God of Spirits put him under all Flesh Let God the God of Spirits lay him prostrate to all flesh Let the wrath of the Lord and Violent whirlwind fall upon the head of the wicked Let the Destroying Angels run upon him Let him be Cursed in every thing that he puts his hand to Let his Soul depart in Terrour Let him dye of the Quinsey Let not his breath come or go Let him be smitten with a feaver Dryness the Sword Rottenness the Jaundise Neither Let him be deliver'd from them before Destruction Let his sword enter into his own heart And let his Bows be broken Let him be as the dust before the wind and the Angel of the Lord scattering them Upon him shall rest all the Maledictions written in the Book of this Law and the Lord shall blot out his name from under Heaven Also the Lord shall separate him for mischeif out of all the Tribes of Israel to all the Curses of the Covenant written in the book of this Law But you who adhere to the Lord your God are all alive this day He that blessed Abraham Isaac Jacob and Moses and Aaron David and Solomon and the Prophets of Israel and those who are Pious among the Nations let him bless all this Holy Congregation except the man that hath violated this Anathema and so let it be his will and Decree Amen Dr. Addison Prsent state of the Jews in Barbary N. B. Samaritans were Excommunicated by sound of Trumpet and Singing of the Levites Ross Christians Greek A Form of the Greek Excommunication If they restore not to him that which is his own and possess him peaceably of it but suffer him to remain injured and damnifyed Let him be separated from the Lord God Creator and be Accursed and Unpardoned and Undissolvable after Death in this World and in the World to come Let Wood stones and iron be dissolved but not They. May they inherit the Leprosy of Gehazi and the Confusion of Judas may the Earth be divided and devour them like Dathan and Abiram may they Sigh and Tremble on Earth like Cain and the wrath of God be upon their Countenances may they see nothing of that for which they labour and beg their bread all their days may their works possessions and
services be accursed always without effect or success and blown away like Dust May they have the Curses of the Holy and Righteous Patriarchs Abraham Isaac and Jacob of the 318 Saints who were the Divine Fathers of the Synod of Nice and of all other Holy Synods And being out of the Church of Christ let no man administer unto them the things of the Church or bless them or offer sacrifice for them or give them 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or the blessed bread or Eat or Drink or Work with them And after Death let no man bury them in penalty of being under the same state of Excommunication For so let them remain until they have performed what is here written Paul Ricaut Esq Abissine A Form of Excommunication among the Abissines And let him be accursed by Addirion and Actariel by Sandalpkon and Hadarmel by Ansiciel and Patchiel by Seraphiel and Zeganzael by Michael and Gabriel and by Raphael and Meschartiel and let him be interdicted by Trantzeviv and Haweheviv He is the great God and by the seventy names of that great King and on the behalf of Tzortak the great Ensign-bearer c. Job Ludolph l. 3. c. 5. They as the Jews think to tertify with uncouth and harsh words Idem Mr. Ross saith that in answer to the Degrees of Excommunication among the Jews the Greeks had their 1. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 2. ' 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 3. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Latins had their 1. Abstenti 2. Excommunicati 3. Anathemata N. B. Mr. Ricaut tells us that among the Greeks Excommunication is granted upon light occasions and is either expressive of the party with his name and condition or indenfinite of any person guilty of such crime Yet it is of high esteem and dread among them For they relate as sad and various stories of Judgments befallen the Excommunicated dying so as if they were still nourished in the Coffins and haunted the Countries as we do of witches Apostates are not received into the Church among the Greeks unless they have first sought it earnestly with tears and signifyed their desire by forty days fasting with bread and water and continual prayer night and day Those few Christians that after Apostasy to Turcism return do confess with extream danger of dying for it P. Ricaut Esq Western Christians In England we have several degrees or kinds of Censures as 1. Minor Excommunicatio exclusion from the Lord's Supper 2. Major Excommunicatio exclusion from the Society of Christians not only in spiritual duties but in temporal affairs and this if it continue 40 days is pursued with the King 's writ de excommunicato capiendo and then to prison without bail 3. Anathematismus for obstinate Heresy done by the Bishop Dean and Chapter 4. Interdictum a prohibition of all Divine offices Christian burial sacraments c. 5. Publick Penance the delinquent standing in the Church-Porch with bare head bare feet in a white sheet and a white rod in his hand c. See more in the present state of England part 2d Creeds Modern Jews Art 1. I Believe with a true perfect faith that God is the Creator whose name be blessed Governor and Maker of all Creatures and that he hath wrought all things and shall work for ever Art 2. I believe with a perfect faith that the Creator whose name be blessed is one and that such an unity as is in him can be found in no other and that he alone hath been our God is and for ever shall be Art 3. That the Creator is not Corporeal nor to be comprehended with any bodily properties and that no bodily essence can be likened to him Art 4. That the Creator is the first and last and that nothing was before him and that he shall last for ever Art 5. That the Creator is to be worshipt and none else Art 6. That all the words of the prophets are true Art 7. I believe with a perfect faith that the prophecies of Moses our master may he rest in peace were true that he was the Father and Chief of all the wise men that liv'd before him and shall live after him Art 8. That all the law which at this day is found in our hands was delivered by God himself to our master Moses God's peace be with him Art 9. The same law is never to be chang'd nor any other to be given us of God whose name be Blessed Art 10. That God whose Name be Blessed understands all the Thoughts and Works of Men As it is Written in the Prophets He fashions their Hearts alike he understands all their Works Art 11. That God will recompence good to those that keep his Commandments and will Punish those who transgress them Art 12. That Messiah is yet to come and although he retard his coming yet I will wait for him till he come Art 13. That the Dead shall be restored to Life when it shall seem fit to God the Creator whose Name be Blessed and Memory Celebrated world without end Amen The Creed Dr. Addison presents us with out of Sepher Ikkarim or Book of Fundamentals put in writing by Moses Ben Maimon a Corduba Jew A. D. 1104. And tho not set down in their Service-Book yet they begin their Mattins with it and utter it with a hollow tone different from the other Service Christians I Believe in God the Father Almighty maker of Heaven and Earth And in Jesus Christ his only Son our Lord Who was Conceived by the Holy Ghost Born of the Virgin Mary Suffered under Pontius Pilate Was Crucified Dead and Buried he Descended into Hell The third day he rose again from the Dead He ascended into Heaven And sits on the Right Hand of God the Father Almighty From thence He shall come to Judg the Quick and the Dead I Believe in the Holy Ghost The Holy Catholick Church The Communion of Saints The Forgiveness of Sins The Resurrection of the Body And the Life Everlasting Amen This is commonly ascribed to the Apostles as the first Compilers but by general Confession and Testimony of Ecclesiastical Writers is very Antient Saving that those words He Descended into Hell are not of so old a Date the first place it being found in being the Church of Aquileia in the Fourth Century Dr. Pearson Gaurs 1. I Believe in God maker of the World 2. That he sent Ebrahim zer-ateucht his Prophet Son of Azer a Carver by Trade and Doghdon who upon the appearance of an Angel overspreading her Face with a Celestial Light Conceived the Prophet aforesaid 3. That the Birth of this Child was known by Astrologers and told to the King Nebrout who thereupon caused all the Women with Child through all his Domininions to be slain 4. That this Child laugh'd so soon as he was Born because he was to Triumph in the Hearts of the People 5. That the Father in fear confessed to the King the King going about to slay the Child with a Sword his