God seuen times a daie and to praye with ordenarie oraisons Towarde the eueninge euensonge and compline more late Matines in the morninge and incontinente prime and howres in ordre of tyme Hora prjma tertia sexta nona as thei stande in * ordre of name And this humbly before the aultare if he maye conueniently with his face towarde the Easte The pater nostre and the Crede said thei onely at the beginnyng of their seruice as the commune people do nowe a daies also Saincte Ierome at the vrgent request of Pope Damasus parted out the Psalmes acording to the daies of the wieke And appoincted for euery houre a porciō of propre psalmes For the nighte houres on the holy daye .ix. and on the worcking daye .xii. For laudes in the morning .v. for euensonge as many and for eche other houre but thre He also ordeined the Epistles Godspelles and other seruice vsed to be red out of the olde or newe testament in maner altogether sauing the note The Anthemes which Ambrose Byshoppe of millayne wrate and endited Damasus put ordre that the quiere should sing side aftre side added to euery psalmes ende Gloria patri c. The lessons and Himpnes that go before eche one of the howres did the coūceiles of Thoulouse and Agathone aucthorise The orisons the grailes the tractes the Alleluya thoffertorie the Communions in the Masse the Anthemes Versicles repitions and other thinges either songe or redde by nyghte or by daye to the beautifieng and praysing of God did Gregory Gelasius Ambrose and many other holy fathers deuise and put furthe not at one time but at sondry The Masse so terme thei the sacrifice was firste vsed to be done in suche simple sorte as yet is accustomed vppon good friday Easter euen with certeine lessōs before it But then Pope Celestinus put to the office of the Masse Thelesphorus Gloria in excelsis But Hilarius of pictauia made the Et in terra Simachus ordeined it to be songue The Salutaciōs which by the terme of Dominus vobiscum be made seuen tymes in a Masse ware taken out of the booke of Ruthe by Clemente and Anaclete and put in in their places Gelasius made vp all the reste to the Offertory in the same ordre thei be vsed Excepte the Sequenres and the Crede wherof Nicolas put in the firste Damasus the nexte acordinge to the Sinode of Constantinople The bidding of the beades with the collacion that was wonte to be made in the pulpite on Sondaies and halydaies raither grewe to a custome by the example of Nehemias and Esdras then was by any aucthorised In this collation at the firste comming vp therof when so many as ware presēte at the Masse did receiue the communion acording as was ordeyned by a decree thei that ware at any discorde ware exhorted to concorde agremente And that thei should receiue the sacrament of the aulter cleane from the fylthe of sinne vppon the whiche consideracion at this daye it endeth with confiteor or an open confession There ware thei wonte to teache the instrumentes of the olde lawe and the newe The ten cōmaundementes The .xii. articles of our beleue The seuen sacramentes holy folkes liues and Martirdomes holy dayes doctrines and disciplines vertues and vices and what soeuer are necessary beside forthe for a christiane to knowe Gregory lineked on the offertorie Leo the prefaces Gelasius the greate Canō the lesse The Sanctus blessed Sixtus And Gregory the Pater noster out of the Gospell of sainte Mathewe Martialle the scholer of blessed Peter deuised that Bysshoppes should gyue their benediction at the Agnus And as for other infeour priestes Innocentius commaūded them to giue the paxe that is to saye peace Sergius tacked on the Agnus and Gregory the poste communion The closing vp of all with Ite missa est Benedicamus Deo gratias was Leoes inuencion The. xii articles of our beleue whiche the blessed Apostles would euery manne not onely to confesse with mouthe but to beleue also in harte are these Firste that ther is one God in Trinitie the father almighty maker of heauen and earthe The seconde Iesus Christe his onely sonne our Lorde The thirde the same beinge conceiued of the holye ghoste to haue bene borne of the Virgine Marie The fourthe to haue suffred vndre Ponce pilate to haue bene crucified deade bewried and to haue descended in to helle The fiueth to haue risen agayne the thirde daye fro the deade The sixteth to haue ascended vp into the heauēs and to sitte on the right hande of God the father almighty The seuenth that he shall come fro thence like a triūpher to iudge the quicke and the deade The eight that ther is an holy ghoste The nineth that ther is an holy churche vniuersalle the communion of the godly and good The tenthe forgiuenesse of sinnes The eleuēth the rising againe of the flesshe The twelueth aftre our departing life in another worlde euerlasting The tenne commaundementes whiche god wrate with his owne fingre and gaue vnto the Israelites by Moises whiche thapostles willed vs also to kiepe The firste thou shalte haue none other Goddes but me The seconde thou shalte not make the any grauē Image or likenesse of any thing that is in heauē aboue in the earthe benethe or in the water vnder the earthe thou shalt not bowe doune to them nor worshippe them The third thou shalt not take the name of thy lorde God in vaine The fowrthe remembre that thou kiepe holie thy Sabboth daie The fiueth honour thy father mother The sixteth thou shalte doe no murdre The seuenth thou shalte not commit adulterie The eight thou shalte not steale The nineth thou shalt beare no false witnesse against thy neighbour The tenthe thou shalte not desyre thy neyghbours house his wife his seruaunte his maide his Oxe nor his Asse nor any thing that is thy neighbours The seuen Sacramentes of the churche whiche are conteined in the fiue laste Articles of our beleue and commaunded vs by the holie fathers to be beleued The firste diepyng into the water called Baptisyng aftre the Greke This by canonicalle decree in time paste was not wonte to be giuen excepte greate necessitie soner required it but to those that had bene scholers a space afore to learne the thinges appertinēt to christendome Yea and that aftre thei had bene exceadingly welle enstructed in the faithe and proufe taken of their profityng by seuen examinacions whiche ware made vpon seuen seueralle daies in the Lente and so ware thei Baptissed vpon Easter euen and Whitesondaie euen Vpon whiche daies thei ware accustomed to hallowe the christening watre in euery Paroche But because this specially of all other is chiefly necessarie vnto euerlasting saluacion leasse any bodie should die without it thei decreed that assone as the childe was borne godfathers should be sought for it as it ware for witnesses or sureties whiche should bryng the childe vnto the Churche doore
¶ The Fardle of facions conteining the aunciente maners customes and Lawes of the peoples enhabiting the two partes of the earth called Affrike and Asie Printed at London by Ihon Kingstone and Henry Sutton 1556 ¶ To the righte honourable the Erie of Arundel Knight of the ordre and Lorde Stewarde of the Quienes maiesties moste honourable householde AFtre what time the barrein traueiles of longe seruice had driueÌ„ me to thinke libertie the best rewarde of my simple life right honorable Erle and that I had determined to leaue wrastlyng with fortune and to giue my self wholie to liue vpon my studie and the labours of my hand I thought it moste sitting with the duetie that I owe to God and manne to bestowe my time if I could as well to the profite of other as of my self Not coueting to make of my floudde another maÌ„nes ebbe the Cancre of all commune wealthes but rather to sette other a flote where I my self strake on grouÌ„d Tourning me therefore to the searche of wisedome and vertue for whose sake either we tosse or oughte to tosse so many papers and tongues although I founde aboute my self verie litle of that Threasure yet remembred I that a fewe yeres paste at the instaunce of a good Citezein who might at those daies by aucthoritie commaunde me I had begonne to translate a litle booke named in the Latine Omnium gentium mores gathered longe sence by one Iohannes Boemus a manne as it appereth of good iudgemente and diligence But so corrupted in the Printing that aftre I had wrasteled a space with sondrie Printes I rather determined to lose my labour of the quartre translacion then to be shamed with the haulf And throwing it a side entended no further to wearie my self therwithall at the leaste vntill I mighte finde a booke of a bettre impressioÌ„ In searching wherof at this my retourne to my studie although I found not at the full that that I sought for yet vndrestanding emong the booke sellers as one talke bringes in another that men of good learning and eloqueÌ„ce bothe in the Frenche and Italien tonge had not thought skorne to bestowe their time aboute the translacion therof and that the Emperours Maiestie that now is vouchedsaulfe to receiue the presentation therof at the Frenche translatours hande as well appereth in his booke it kindled me againe vpon regard of mine owne profite and other menues moe to bring that to some good pointe that earst I had begonne For thought I seing the booke hath in it muche pleasant barieâ—â—e of thinges and yet more profite in the pitthe if it faile to bee otherwise rewarded it shall it thanckefully of the good be regarded Wherefore setting vpon it a fresshe where the booke is deuided acording to thaunciente deuision of the earth into thre partes Affrique Asie and Europe hauing brought to an ende the two firste partes I found no persone in mine opinioÌ„ so fitâ—e as your honour to present theim vnto For seing the whole processe ronneth vpon gouernaunce and Lawes for thadministracion of commune wealthes in peace and in warre of aunciente times to fore our greate graundfathers daies to whom mighte I bettre presente it then to a Lorde of verie nobilitie and wisedome that hath bene highe Mare-shalle in the fielde abrode deputie of the locke and keie of this realme and a counsailour at home of thre worthie princes Exercised so many waies in the waues of a sickle Commune wealthe troubled sometime but neuer disapoincted of honourable successe To your good Lordeshippe then I yelde committe the firste fruictes of my libertie the firste croppe of my labours this firste daie of the Newe yere beseching the same in as good parte to receiue it as I humblie offre it and at your pleasure to vnfolde the Fardle and considre the stuffe Whiche euer the farder in shall fieme I truste the more pleasaunte and fruictefulle And to conclude if I shall ondresraÌ„de that your honour delighteth in this it shal be a cause sufficiente to make me go in hande with Europe that yet remaineth vntouched Almightie God giue vnto your Lordeshippe prosperous fortune in sounde honour and healthe Your Lordshippes moste humblie at commaundemente William Watreman The Preface of the Authour I HAVE sought out at times as laisure hath serued me Good reader the maners and facioÌ„s the Lawes Customes and Rites of all suche peoples as semed notable and worthy to be put in remembraÌ„ce together with the situarioÌ„ descripcioÌ„ of their habitatioÌ„s which the father of Stories Herodotus the Greke Diodorus the Siciliane Berosus Strabo Solinus Trogus Pompeius Ptolomeus Plinius Cornelius the still Dionysius the Afriane PoÌ„ponius Mela Caesar Iosephus and certein of the later writers as Vincentius and Aeneas Siluius whiche aftreward made Pope had to name Pius the seconde Anthonie Sabellicus Ihon Nauclerus Ambrose Calepine Nicholas Perotte in his cornu copiae and many other famous writers eche one for their parte as it ware skatered by piece meale seâ— furthe to posteritie Those I saie haue I sought out gathered together and acordyng to the ordre of the storie and tyme digested into this litle packe Not for the hongre of gaine or the ticklyng desire of the peoples vaine brute and vnskilfulle commendacion but partly moued with the oportunitie of my laisure the wondrefull profite and pleasure that I conceiued in this kinde of studie my self and partly that other also delightyng in stories might with litle labour finde easely when thei would the somme of thynges compiled in one Booke that thei ware wonte with tediousnes to sieke in many And I haue shocked theim vp together aswell those of auncience tyme as of later yeres the lewde aswell as the vertuous indifferentlie that vsyng theÌ„ as present examples and paternes of life thou maiest with all thine endeuour folowe the vertuous and godlie with asmuche warenes eschewe the vicious vngodly Yea that thou maiest further my reader learne to discerne how men haue in these daies amended the rude simplicitie of the first worlde froÌ„ Adam to the floud and many yeres after when men liued skateryng on the earthe without knowlege of Money or what coignement or Merchauntes trade no maner of exchauÌ„ge but one good tourne for another When no man claimed aught for his seueralle but lande and water ware as coÌ„mune to al as Ayer and Skie WheÌ„ thei gaped not for honour ne hunted after richesse but eche man contented with a litle passed his daies in the wilde fielde vnder the open heauen the couerte of some shadowie Tree or slendre houelle with suche companion or companioÌ„s as siemed them good their diere babes and children aboute them Sounde without carcke and in restfull quietnesse eatyng the fruictes of the fielde and the milke of the cattle and drinking the waters of the christalline springes First clad with the softe barcke of trees or the faire broade leaues in processe with rawe felle and hide full vnworkemanly patched together Not then
other mennes olde store but opened thee also the treasury of myne owne witte and bokes not euery where to be found and like a liberall feaster haue set before thee much of myne owne and many thynges newe Farewell and thankefully take that that with labour is brought thee ¶ The first Chapiter ¶ The true opinion of the deuine concernyng the beginnyng of man WHen God had in V. daies made perfecte the heauens and the earth and the furniture of bothe whiche the latines for the goodlinesse and beautie therof call Mundus and we I knowe not for what reason haue named the worlde the sixth daie to the entent there mighte be one to enioye and be Lorde ouer all he made the moste notable creature Man One that of all earthly creatures alone is endowed with a mynde and spirit from aboue And he gaue him to name Adam accordyng to the colour of the molde he was made of Then drowyng out of his side the woman whilest he slept to th ende he should not be alone knitte her vnto hym as an vnseparable compaignion and therwith placed them in the moste pleasaunt plot of the earth fostered to flourishe with the moisture of floudes on euery parte The place for the fresshe grienesse and merie shewe the Greques name Paradisos There lyued they a whyle a moste blessed life without bleamishe of wo the earth of the own accorde bringing forth all thing But when they ones had transgressed the precepte they ware banysshed that enhabitaunce of pleasure and driuen to shift the world And fro thenceforth the graciousnes of the earth was also abated the francke fertilitie therof so withdrawen that labour and swette now wan lesse a greate deale then ydle lokyng on before tyme had done Shortly crepte in sickenes and diseases and the broyling heate and the nipping cold began to assaile their bodyes Their first sonne was Layin and the seconde Abell and then many other And as the world grewe into yeares and the earth began to waxe thicke peopled loke as the nombre did encreace so vices grew on and their lyuing decaied euer into woors For giltelesse dealyng wrong came in place for deuoutenesse coÌ„tempte of the Goddes and so farre outraged their wickednes that God skarcely fynding one iuste Noha on the earth whom he saued with his housholde to repayre the losse of mankind and replenysshe the worlde sente a floude vniuersall whiche couering all vnder water killed all fleshe that bare lyfe vppon earth excepte a fewe beastes birdes and wormes that ware preserued in the misticall arke In the ende of fiue Monethes aftre the floude began the Arque touched on the mouÌ„teines of Armenia And within foure Monethes aftre Noas and all his beyng restored to the earth with Goddes furtheraunce in shorte space repeopled the worlde And to th ende the same myghte euery wheare again be enhabited he dispersed his yssue and kyndredes into sondrie coastes After Berosus opynion he sent Cham otherwyse named Cameses and Chamesenuus with his ofspring into Egipte Into Lybia and Cirene Triton And into the whole residewe of Affrike the ancient Iapetus called Attalus Priscus Ganges he sent into Easte Asia with certeine of the sonnes of Comerus Gallus And into Arabia the fertile one Sabus sirnamed Thurifer Ouer Arabia the Waaste he made Arabus gouernour and Petreius ouer Petrea He gaue vnto Canaan all that lyeth fro Damasco to the outemost bordre of Palestine In Europe he made Tuisco king of Sarmatâ—a from the fâ—oude of Tanais vnto the Rhene And there were ioyned vnto him all the sonnes of Istrus and Mesa with their brethren fro the mounteyne of Adula to Mesemberia pontica Archadius and Emathius gouerned the Tirianes Comerus Gallus had Italie and Fraunce Samothes Briteigne and Normandie and Iubal Spayne That spiedie and vnripe puttyng forthe of the children from their progenitours before they had throughly learned and enured them selues with their facions and maners was the cause of all the diuersitie that after ensued For Cham by the reason of his naughty demeanour towarde his father beyng constrayned to departe with his wyfe and hys chyldren planted him selfe in that parte of Arabia that after was called by his name And lefte no trade of religion to his posteritie because he none had learned of his father Wher of it came to passe that when in processe of tyme they ware encreased to to many for that londe beyng sent out as it ware swarme aftre swarme into other habitations and skatered at length into sondry partes of the worlde for this banyished progeny grewe aboue measure some fel into errours wherout thei could neuer vnsnarle themselues The tongue gan to altre the knowledge of the true God and all godlie worshippe vanished out of mind Inso muche that some liued so wildely as aftre thou shalt here that it ware harde to discerne a difference betwixte them and the beastes of the felde Thei that flieted into Egipt wonderyng at the beautie and course of the Sonne the Moone as though there had been in them a power deuine began to worship them as Goddes callyng the lesse Isis and the bigger Osiris To Iupiter also thei Sacrificed did honour as to the principall of life To Vulcan for fire to Pallas as Lady of the skie to Ceres as gouerneresse of the arth and to sondry other for other sondry considerations Neyther staied that darkenesse of iniquitie in Egipte alone but where so euer the progeny of Cham stepte in from the begynnyng there fell true godlines all oute of minde and aboÌ„dage to the deuell entred his place And there neuer was countrie mother of moe swarmes of people then that part of Arabia that he and his chase to be theirs So greate a mischief did the vntymely banishemente of one manne bring to the whole CoÌ„trarily the progenie of Iapheth and Sem brought vp to full yeres vndre their elders and rightly enstructed contentyng theÌ„ selues with a litle circuite straied not so wide as this brother had doen. Whereby it chaunced that the zeale of the truthe I meane of good liuyng and true worshippe of one onely God remained as hidden in one onely people vntill the tyme of Messias ¶ The seconde Chapitre ¶ The false opinion of the Philosophre concernyng the begynnyng of man BVt the aunciente Philosophers whiche without knowledge of God and his truthe many yeres ago wrate vpon the natures of thinges and thistories of times had another opinion of the originall of man For certain of them belieued the worlde euer to haue been and that euer it should be and man together with it to haue had no beginnyng Certaine did holde that it had a beginnyng and an ende it should haue and a time to haue been when man was not For saie thei the begynner of thynges visible wrapped vp bothe heauen and earth at one instant togither in one paterne and so a distinction growyng on betwixte these meynte bodies the worlde to haue begon in suche ordre as we
Anaxirides facioned muche like a coate armour and a long coate doune to the knees with hangyng slieues acordyng The outside colours but the lining white In Somer thei weare purple and in Wintre Medleis The abillementes of their heades are muche like the frontlettes that their Magj doe weare The cōmune people are double coated doune to the midde Leggue and haue abouttheir heade a greate rolle of Sendalle Their beddes and their drinking vessell are garnished with gold Whē thei haue matier of moste importaunce to common of thei debate and cōclude in the middes of their cuppes thinkyng it muche surer that is so determined then aftre any other sobrer sorte Acqueintaunce mieting of equall degre griete one another with a kisse But the inferiour mietyng with his bettre enclineth his bodie foreward with lowe reuerence Thei bewrte their corpses in the grounde cearyng them all ouer with waxe Their Magicens thei leaue vnbewried for the foules to disspetche The children there by an ordenaunce no where elles vsed doe carnally knowe their mothers Thus haue ye heard what the maners of the Persians ware sometyme Herodotus reherseth certeine other their facions not vttrely vnworthe the tellynge That thei compted it vilanie to laughe or to spitte before the kyng Thei thought it fondenes in the Grekes worthie to be laughed at to imagine goddes to be sprong vp of menne What so euer was dishoneste to be done that thoughte thei not honest to be spokē To be in debt was muche dishonour but of all thinges moste vile for to lie Thei vse not to bewrie their deade bodies vntill thei haue bene torne with dogges or with fowles And the parentes brought to niedinesse vse there to make cheuisaunce of their doughters bodies whiche emong no nacion elles was euer allowed Howbeit some holde opinion that it was also the propretie of the Babilonians The Persians at this daie beynge subdued of the Saracenes and bewitched with Mahometes brainsicke wickednesse are cleane out of memorie a people in those daies whiche through their greate hardinesse and force ware of long tyme Lordes of the Easte parte of the worlde But now tombled cleane from their auncience renowme and bewried in dishonour ¶ The. viij Chapitre ¶ Of Ynde and the vncouthe tredes and maners of life of the people therin YNde a Countrie also of the Easte and the closyng vp of Asia toward that quartre is saied to be of suche a maigne syse that it maie be cōpared with the thirde parte of the whole earth Pomponius wrireth that alōge the shore it is fowrtie daies sailyng the nighte also comprised therin It tooke the name of the floude called Indus whiche closeth vp the lande on the Weste side Beginnyng at the Southe sea it stretcheth to the Sonne risynge And Northward to the moūt Caucasus There are in it many greate peoples and Tounes and Cities so thicke that some haue reported them in nombre fiue thousande And to saie truthe it oughte not to sieme greatly straunge vnto folkes though the roūtrie be reported to haue suche a nombre of Tounes or to be so populous consideryng that of all other the Yndiens alone neuer discharged theim selues of any ouerplus of issue as other haue done but alwaie kepte their owne offpryng at home in their owne countrie Their principall floudes are Ganges Indus and Hypanis But Ganges farre passeth in greatnes the other twaine This lande by the benefite of the battling breathe of the gētle Weast winde reapeth corne twise in the yere And other Wintre hath it none but the bittre blastes of Theasterly windes called Etesiae Thei larke wine and yet some men reporte that in the quartre called Musica there groweth a good wine grape In the Southe parte thereof groweth Nardus Cinnamome Peper and Calamus aromaticus as doeth in Arabia and Aethiope The woodde Ebenum whiche some suppose to be our Guayacum groweth there and not elles where Likewise of the Popiniaye and the Vnicorne As for precious stones Beralle Prasnes Diamantes firie Carbuncles and Pearles of all sortes be found there in greate plentie Thei haue twoo Sommers softe pimpelyng windes a milde aier a rancke soile and abundaunce of watre Diuerse of them therefore liue ar◠hundred thirtie yeres Namely emong the Musicanes And emong the Serites ▪ yet somewhat longer All the Yndians generally weare lōg heare died either aftre a bright asshe coulour or elles an Orenge tawnie Their chief iuelles are of Pearle and precious stones Their appareille is verie diuers and in fewe one like another Some go in Mantles of Wollen some of Linnen some naked some onely brieched to couuer the priuities and some wrapped aboute with pilles and lithe barckes of trees Thei are all by nature blacke of hewe euē so died in their mothers wōbe acordyng to the dispocisiō of the fathers nature whose siede also is blacke as like wise in the Aethiopians Talle men and strongly made Thei are very spare fieders namely when thei are in Campe. Neither delighte thei in muche preasse Thei are as I saied greate deckers and trimmers of them selues haters of theft Thei liue by lawe but not written Thei haue no knowledge of lettres but administer altogether without booke And for that thei are voide of guile and of very sobre diete all thing prospereth well with thē Thei drinke no wine but when thei Sacrifie to their goddes But their drincke is a bruage that thei make sometyme of Rize sometyme of Barlie Their meate for the mooste parte is soupynges made also of Rize In their lawes bargaines and couenauntes their simplicitie and true meanyng well appeareth for that thei neuer are muche contencious aboute thē Thei haue no Lawes concernyng pledges or thynges committed to another mannes kiepyng No witnessynges no handwritynges no sealynges ne suche like tokēs of trecherie and vntrust but without all these thei truste and be trusted thei belieue and are belieued yea thei oftentymes leaue their houses wide open without keper Whiche truely are all greate signes of a iuste and vprighte dealyng emong them But this peraduenture can not seatle well with euery mannes fantasie that thei should liue eche manne aparte by hymself and euery body to dine and to suppe when he lust and not all at anhowre determined For in dede for the felowshippe and ciuilitie the contrary is more allowable Thei commēde and occupie muche as a commune exercise to rubbe their bodies specially with skrapers made for the nones Aftre whiche thei smothe them selues again with Ebenum wherof I spake afore In their Toumbes and Bewrialles very plaine and nothyng costlie But in trimming and arraieng of their bodies to to gaude glorious For there aboute thei neither spare gold ne precious stone ne any kinde of silke that thei haue Thei delighte muche in garmentes of white Sarcenet And for that thei sette muche by beautie thei cary aboute with theim phanelles to defende them frō the sonne and leaue nothyng vndone that maketh for the bettre grace of their faces Thei sette asmuche
ouer and beside that the longe pilgrimage that mankinde by longe renolucion maketh from one generation to another from the tyme of our redemption saluacion and sauyng vntill the laste daie of time Wherfore duryng this while vpon consideracion of the diuerse happe and hasarde wherwith the Churche is tossed like a Shippe in the troubled Seas she neither greatly reioiseth ne soroweth but redeth greate chaunge of bookes out of the olde and newe Testamente to the ende she maie walke the warelier and the bettre wtjnde her self out of the stormes that are trady to assaile her From Aduente to Christemas to remembre the tyme from Moses to the commyng of Messias In the whiche mankinde certefied of saluacion bothe by the lawe and the Prophetes awaited with moste earneste desires for his comming and the kingdoÌ„e that he shold haue Wherefore thei ordeined that the Prophecies should be redde and fasting exercised That the churche the bettre enstruited and abled by these mighte the worthelter receiue the Birche daie of Christ her Lorde whiche euer falleth the fowerth wieke aftre and from thens holde on with feaste and continuall gladnesse vntill Septuagesima Retoisyng that he was now rome whiche should bee the saulutour of the worlde Their oratories Temples or places of praier whiche we calle Churches might not be built without the good will of the Bishoppe of the Diocese And when the Timbre was redy to be framed and the foundacion digged it behoued them to sende for the Bishoppe to hallowe the firste corner stone of the foundacioÌ„ and to make the signe of the crosse thervpon and to laie it and directe it iuste Caste and Weste And then might the Masons sette vpon the reste but not afore This Churche did thei vse to builde aftre the facion of a crosse and not vnlike the shape of a manne The Chauncelle in the whiche is conteined the highe Altare and the Quiere directe full into the East representeth the heade And therfore ought to be made somwhat rounde and muche shorter then the body of the churche And yet vpon respecte that the head is the place for the eyes it ought to be of more lighte and to bee separate with a particion in the steade of a necke from the body of the Churche This particion the Latine calleth Cancellj and out of that cometh our terme Chauncelle On eche side of this chauncelle peradueÌ„ture for so fitteth it beste should stand a Turret as it ware for two eares And in these the Belles to be hanged to calle the people to Seruice by daie and by night Undre one of these Turrettes is there commonly a voulte whose doore openeth into the quiere And in this are laid vp the hallowed vesselles and ornamentes and other vtensiles of the church we calle it a vestrie The other parte oughte so to be fitted that hauing as it ware on eche side an arme the reste maye resemble the bodye with the fete stretched in breadthe and in lengthe On eche side of the bodye the pillers to stonde Vpon whose coronettes or heades the vaulte or rophe of the churche maye reste And to the foote beneth aulters to be ioyned Those aulters to be ordrely alway couered with two aulter clothes and garnisshed with the crosse of Christe or some litle cofre of reliques At eche ende a candelsticke and a booke towarde the myddes The walles to be parieted without and within and diuersly paintted That thei also should haue in euery parisshe a faire sounde stone made holowe and fitte to holde water in the whiche the water consecrate for baptisme may be kept for the christening of children Upon the right hande of the highe aulter that ther should be an almorie either cutte into the walle or framed vpon it in the whiche thei woulde haue the Sacrament of the Lordes bodye the holy oyle for the sicke and the Chrismatorie alwaie to be locked Furthermore thei woulde that ther should be a pulpite in the middes of the churche wherein the prieste maye stonde vpon sondaies and holidayes to teache the people those thinges that it behoueth them to knowe The Chauncelle to serue onely for the priestes and clerkes The rest of the teÌ„poralle multitude to be in the body of the church Seperate notwithstonding the men on the ryghte side and the women on the lefte And eche of them to be sobre and honest in apparelle and behauour Whatsoeuer is coÌ„trary to good facion or christiane religion with greate diligence to shonne it It was the maner in the first churche both amonge men and women to lette their heare growe to shewe out their naked skinne and very litle or nothing to diffre in apparelle Sainct Peter put first ordre that women should couer their heades and menne rounde their heare and either of them to go in seueralle and sondrye apparelle Moreouer that to euery churche shold be laid out a churchyarde of the grounde adioyning in the whiche all christen mennes bodies mighte indifferently be bewried The same to be consecrate or halowed by the bisshoppe and to enioye all the priuilegies that the churche may enioye The funeralle for the deade thei kepe not in euery place ylike Some mourne and kepe dirige and Masse seuen daies continualle together some .ix. some .xxx. or fourtye some fiuetie and a hundred and other a whole yere wrapped vp in blacke The couÌ„seile of Toledo ordeined that the corps beinge firste wasshed and then wrapped vp in a shiete shoulde be caried forthe with singing by menne of his owne condicion or sorte clerkes by clerkes and laye menne of laye menne And aftre what time the priest hath sensed the corps throwen holy water vppon it said certeine prayers to laye it into the graue with the face vpwarde and the heade into the weaste Then to throwe in the earth again and in token that ther is a christiaÌ„ ther bewried to sette vp a crosse of wodde garnisshed with yvie cipres or laurelle These be the ordres and facions of the Christiane religion FINIS ¶ The treatise of Iosephus cont eyning the ordres and Lawes of the Iewes commune wealthe ¶ To the Reader THis lytle treatise good Reader haue I translated out of a Latine texte laid worde for woorde aunswe ringe to the Grieke for in that tonge Iosephus compiled it as niere as it was possible And looke howe scrupulous myne Authour was in matching the latine so scrupulous haue I also bene in deuising myne englysshe Remembring alway that thoughe in other writinges of mennes denyse an enterpretour maye eyther to giue lighte to the sentence or to obserue the naturalle phrase of the tonge that he enterpreteth in specially wher ther lieth no matier of importaunce or coutrouersie vse a more libertie of woordes and sentence yet in these holy writinges deliuered vs fro GOD in them I saye and enery braunche of them we oughte rather to shonne then to seke suche libertie asmuche as we maye Studienge nowe not so mâ—che to flourishe in painted penning as
shall ye stablishe your selues a sure quiete in your blisse And that your nature leade ye not to the worse for lacke of knowledge of the bettre I haue bothe made vnto you Lawes as I learned thē at the mouthe of the lorde also an ordre of publique discipline Acordyng to the ordenaunces whereof if ye shall directe your liues ye shal be iudged of all people the moste happie Hauyng spoken these thynges he deliuered vnto thē the lawes and the ordre of their cōmune wealth writtē in a boke But thei vniuersally wepte and greatly lamented the departure of their capitein that so fast approched Remēbring what daungters and carcke he had suffred for their sauftie muche distrustyng what should aftrewarde come of theim As the people that neuer was like to haue suche a gouernour again And muche fearyng least God would withdrawe his tendrenes towarde theim when there lacked a Moses to entreate And thei bewailed with greate repentaunce the thynges whiche in their angre thei had done vnto hym in the deserte So that the teares of the people their dole and sobbyng complaintes ware greater then could be recomforted with wordes Although Moses did what in hym laie to perswade thē that there was no cause why thei should bewaile hym But rather remembre to put in vse the ordre of the cōmune welth that he had giuen theim And so he dissolued the assemblie These woores be spokē a the person Iosephus Now then afire what tyme I shall haue shewed ye thordre of the communewealth miete for the worthines and vertue of Moses and shall haue described the same that it maie appere vnto al men beyng willyng to reade what our state hath bene in times paste I will procede to the declaracion of the other thynges With suche faithe that I neither wille penne any thyng other wise then he lefte it ne adde either for settyng out of the matier or other wise any title of myne owne Sauyng onely those that he lefte written by piecemeale as he receiued thē at the mouthe of God we haue framed toguether into one ordenarie treatise Wherof I thought good to giue warnīg least some of our bloude happenyng vpō these might by occasion saie that we had swarued from the truthe The lawes then perteinyng to the instituciō of our citie are suche as followe But suche as he lefte vs cōmune among our selues those haue I deferred vntill I putte furthe my booke A booke of Iosephus so named De moribus causis whiche I haue purposed God willyng to go in hande with next aftre this Moses speaketh againe * What time then ye shall haue achieued the land of Chanaan and as menne that haue founde laisure to vse their goodes shal determine from thencefurthe to builde cities if ye shall accomplishe these thinges ye shall bothe haue bone a thing acceptable vnto God and shall winne to your selues a grounded wealthe See that there be one holie citie in the mooste goodlie place of all the lande of Chanaan See that ther be but one churche in it and one altare of stones neither squared nor karued ne yet framed by Masonrie but hande somely heaped together as thei be gathered And lette the same be so plastered ouer that it maie appere to the sighte a plaine and comely Altare But se there be none ascence ther vnto by staiers but onely a faire vp goyng by a slope bancque of Turfes In any other of your cities se there neither be Churche ne Altare For God is but one and the people of the Hebrues but one Whosoeuer shal haue spokē * villanie against God Blasphen let hym be stoned and hanged fro morowe till nighte and vilely be bewried withoute anye solempnitie Thrise a yere the people shal assēble into the citie where the churche is fro farre and niere through the whole lande that the Nebrues shal possesse Bothe to rendre thanckes to GOD for that he shall haue sent them to make supplicaciō for thinges that are to come And further to th ende that with often hauntynge one with another and festing together there maie be a friendship engēdred emongest theim For truely it is miete that menne of one nacion and bloude and coupled in one trade of lawes should be acqueinted one with another as by suche fellowshippeit shal come to passe and that thei should cause a remembraūce to remaine one of another emōgest them with suche repaire and cōpanieng together Without the whiche ye shall seme one to a nother moste straunge Ye shall also reserue aparte a tenthe of all the fruictes of the earthe beside the tenthe appoincted to be giuen to the priestes and Leuites The whiche ye shall selle eche man at home in his countrie But the profecte comyng thereof shal be spent vpō the feastes and sacrifices to be made in the holy citie For so is it mete that men take parte of the fruictes comming of the londe whiche the Lorde shall giue them to the honour of the giuer The price that commeth of the commune har lot shalt thou not conuerte vnto the vse of Sacrifice For God delighteth not in the fruites of any kinde of iniquitie and nothing is more abhominable then such lewdenes of the body Likewyse yf anye manne require eyther thy dogge for the folde or for the chace to lime his bitche the price comming therof shalte thou not conuerte to the sacrifice of the Lord. No man shall rayle against those that other cities holde for their goddes Neither shall ye spoyle or robbe churche or chapell of any foreine Idolle ne take away any gifte consecrate to them See that none of you be apparelled with a garmente * of linnen and wollen meinte Linsy wolsy for that apperteineth onely to the priestes And when the multitude shal be assēbled into the holy citie to celebrate the seuēth yeres sacrifices at suche time as the feast of the Bowthes draweth nighe lette the bysshoppe standing in some place alofte made for the purpose fro whence he may wel be harde recite the lawes vnto them all Withholdinge neither woman ne childe no not the bondeman from hearing of them For it behoueth them to haue them writen in their hartes mindes that thei may be kepte neuer to perisshe For by that meanes shall it come to passe that thei shall not offende when thei shal haue none ignoraunce to excuse them in the ordinaunces and lawes and the lawes shal haue the greater authoritie vppon the offendours in that thei haue warned them afore of the penaltie and by hearing haue grauen in their mindes what thinges thei commaunde That thei maye haue the effecte of their meaninge euen dwelling within them The whiche neclegted thei shal offende and be the cause of their owne euilles Yea and let the very children learne the lawes fro their youthe as being a most good lye discipline and the cause of blessed wealthe Twise a daye also bothe in the morning and at the houre of
bedtime let them testifie to the Lord his bounteous goodnes from the time of their deliueraunce oute of Egipte Forasmuche as thaÌ„ckes giuinge of very nature is dewe and is had aswell to yelde recoÌ„pence for the benefites paste as to allure the like in time afterwarde Let them also write vpon their doores eche most notable benefite receiued of God and what soeuer may set forthe hie power and fauour towarde them Lette them beare them for broches on their cappes and braselettes on their armes and let them shewe them to all menne that goddes tendrenes towarde theÌ„ may on euery side be apparaÌ„t Lette there be chosen for euery citye seuen rulers exercised in all vertue and in the waye of equitie And to euery of those let ther be giuen two ministres of the Tribe of the leuites And let those whiche are appointed to ministre the lawes to the citie be had in all honour and reuerence So that no man be bolde to speake any wordes of dishonestie thei being present ne to behaue him self malapertly That this their reuerence towarde men of dignitie may make them more fearde to offende against God And let the iudges haue power to pronounce their senteÌ„ce excepte any man can shewe that thei are corrupted with money to peruerte the lawe or can bring any other cause to conuince them not to haue iudged a righte For it is not miete that such shoulde sitte in iudgement as will leane to lucre or dignitie but suche as preferre equitie before all other thinges For so might God seme to be smallie reputed amonge you and to be iudged of lesse aucthoritie then thei to whose sentence ye shoulde yelde your consente for feare of power The power of GOD is equitie He then that beareth in anye pointe with them that are of power for dignities sake enhaunseth their power aboue the power of GOD. But if the iudges be not able to determine in some race brought afore theÌ„ as amoÌ„ge men it oftentimes happeneth let theÌ„ remitte the whole cause to the holy citie And let the highe priest the prophete and the counsell asseÌ„bled giue their seÌ„tence Cleaue not to the Testimonie of one witnes But of thre or twaine at the leaste suche as haue so liued that for their honestie thei maye be reputed credite worthy The woman shal not be admitted as a witnes for the lightenes and disshonest holdenes of that kinde No the bondemaÌ„ shall haue no voice in matier of witnes for that he lacketh the francque noblenes of minde either for lucre or feare is like to testifie vntruthes If any shal be giltie of false witnes conuicted therof let him suffre the same that the personne should haue againste suffred whome he wytnessed If ther shall haue bene in any place a murder committed and neither the doer can be founde ne anye man suspected vpon malice to haue done it lette serche be yet made for the doer with al diligeÌ„ce appointing rewarde to him who so euer shall detecte him But if then neither no maÌ„ shal disclose in the officers of the townes nexte vnto the place wher the murdre was done shall mesure the distauÌ„ce fro the plotte where the deade lieth And looke what towne shal be founde nexte therunto the rulers of the same shall leade a boughte cowe into a valley and place neither fitte for ploughe ne plante and shal cutte in two the senowes of the beaste in the houghes And the priestes and leuites and the counseille of that towne wasshinge ouer the heade of the oxe shall with loude voice protest that they neither did it ne ware present at the diede And to desire God to forbeare his wrathe and that neuer ther happen so heinous a diede in the londe agayne At this present ye are not gouerned by any kinge or any one man alone but by a nombre of the beste chosen out among ye The whiche of all gouernaunces is the beste and to liue vndre it passing all other liues Wisshe ye not then for anye other trade of coÌ„mune wealthe but be ye coÌ„teÌ„ted with this accoÌ„ptinge your lawes for your lordes doyng al thinges acordiÌ„g vnto theÌ„ For god is sufficieÌ„t enoughe to be your ruler But if ye shal be at anye tune desirous to haue a king ouer ye let him be of your bloude and suche a one as estiemeth righteousnes and all other vertues And let him not sticke to his owne wisedome but ordre all matiers of waight by the lawes and the lorde And let him do nothinge withoute the hyghe priest and the sentence of the counseille Neither let him be giuen to many mariages ne to seke aboundaunce of money and horses Whiche hauing obteined he maye waxe full of the lawe and vtterly contempne it And if ye perceiue that he busily seketh suche thinges lette him be cutte shorter that his power encreace not more thaÌ„ is expedieÌ„t for you It shal be lawful for no man to remoue the bouÌ„de either of his owne londe or of other mennes with whome ye haue peace But let it be sene to that they maye continue in their steades as the sure markes of god there placed for euer For therof comme the warres and sedicion when the coueitous manne will encroche beyonde his boundes Yea who so thus ouerleapeth the bounde will not gretly sticke to ouerleape also the lawe He that planteth an horteyarde if the settes bring frute before the fourth yere let him neither yelde vnto God the firstlinges thereof ne occupie them to his owne vse For thei are comen in vndue time and soner then their nature permitteth And be nether miete for God ne the owner But in the fourthe frute haruest for then are thei seasonable lette him beare the whole gather into the holy city and let them be spente together with the tenth of all other frutes festing with his frindes the fatherles childe and the widowe And in the .v. yere he shall haue libertie to take to him self the profectes of his plantes Lette not the vineyarde be planted or sowen with aught elies For it is enoughe for the grounde to nourishe the vine to be free fro the labour of the ploughe Let the grounde be tylled with oxen and let none other beaste be yoked with them Yea let the ploughe be hande somed for them also acording to their sortes Lette your siede be moste piked and cleane pure and vnmingled nor lette them not be sowen by two or by thre sortes together For nature liketh not suche felowship of sondry kindes Neither shal ye put to your cattaille a male of adiuerse or contrarye kinde For it is to be feared lest therby the vnkindlie couplinge against kinde passe also at lengthe vnto men beginning at thinges of smalle regarde and so crieping on further Lertes ther is nothing to be suffrâ—d for other to folowe wherof mighte procede anye chaunge of your state But it behoueth you forasmuche as the lawes haue takeÌ„ charge of the weightyer thinges to foresee with all