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B00052 A discouerie of the countries of Tartaria, Scithia, & Cataya, by the northeast: with the maners, fashions, and orders which are vsed in those countries. / Set foorth by Iohn Frampton merchaunt. Frampton, John, fl. 1577-1596. 1580 (1580) STC 11255; ESTC S92572 34,080 90

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then they bring before him all that the deseased king left the which the new Emperour partely deuideth among the princes of his Realme and commaundeth the remaynder to be kept for him selfe and so the election is finished and the assemblie dismissed and from that time forwarde all thinges are in his handes and power none can nor dare say this is mine nor such a ones none can liue in any part of the realme but where he is appoynted The Emperour him selfe appoynteth places of abode to the chiefe Captaines and they to the captaines of thousands and these to the Centurions and the Centurions to the Corporals and these to the other Lordes The seale signet which the king of the Tartars vseth hath engrauen God in heauen and Cuicut Chaam in earth the fortresse of God and Emperour of all men he hath fiue very great and strong armies and fiue Captaines with the which he destroyeth and keepeth in subiection all his aduersaries Vnto the Ambassadours of other nations hee speaketh verie seldome and consenteth not to haue them come before him vnlesse that they and the giftes they bring without the which they neyther may nor can come to his presence bee firste purified and by certaine women appointed for that purpose wtout the obseruing whereof he answereth them by third persons and as long as he speaketh they must heare and hearken kneeling vpon their knees be they neuer so great and in such sort they must giue eare that they erre not in the woordes they speake to him and change no woordes for it is not lawfull for any man to alter nor change the Emperours woordes nor stande against any iudgement that hee hath geuen in any manner of cause whatsoeuer Hee nor any prince of Tartaria neuer drinketh publikely except they which serue first sing or play somthing vpō an instrument before him And whē the noblemen ride abrod they carry ouer them a hatte vppon a long lance which shadeth them and their wiues haue the like These were the manners of the Tartars two hundreth yeeres past and this was the maner of their liues and about this time they ouercame and brought in subiection to them the Georgians which were christians kept the lawes of the Greekes these were neighboures to the Greekes and their dominion did extend very farre euen from the region of Palestina vnto the Caspian mountaines and had eighteene bishopricks and a Patriarcke Sea at the beginning they were subiect to the patriarcke of Antioch they were warlike people Some of the women were also expert in the warres and exercised their weapons When these Georgians woulde enter into battell they accustomed to drinke a bottell of wine that they vse to carry with them and when they had drunke it they sette vppon their enemies with more courage The priestes gaue thē selues freely to vsurie and Simonie they had greate strife and hatred with the people of Armenia These Armenians of whome we speake were also Christians before the Tartars ouercame them and brought them in subiection and after that the Georgians were once subdued they swarued in many thinges and departed from the true fayth and manners of the catholike Church They knowe not the day of the byrth of our Lorde they keepe no holy dayes nor fasting dayes nor the foure seasons of the yeare the Satterday before Easter day they did not fast For they affirme that the same day our Lord had rysen neere to the euening All the Frydayes after Easter and Whitsontide they eate fleshe and otherwise they fasted much and began their Lent from the Sunday of Septuagesima so straightly that the Wednesday and Fryday they wold eate no oyle nor fishe nor drinke wine for they thought hee did sinne more that dranke wine those dayes then he which did commit the sinne of lecherie They did not all wholy refrayne from all meates on the Munday The Tewesday the Thursday they made but one meale The Wednesday and fryday they eate nothing The Saterday and Sunday they did continually eate flesh They did admit children of two monethes olde to receiue the holy Sacrament They kept certaine Ceremonies of the Iewes all their Priestes were vsurers as the Georgians were and gaue them selues much to the arte of Necromancie and more to drinking then the laye people did They tooke wiues but as soone as any one of them died none of them could marry againe If any woman did commit adulterie the Bishop gaue licence that her husband should put hir away and take an other Fynally in xxx articles the Georgians gaue to vnderstand that they were departed from the true Christian religion Of the Countrie of Scithia and of the rude manners of the Scithians SCITHIA is a Region that lyeth towardes the Septēcrion or north so called by Scitha Sonne vnto Hercules as Herodoto sayth or as Beroso affirmeth of an other Scitha Sonne to Araxes Prisca wife to Noe who was borne in that countrie These Scithians at the beginning did possesse a small countrey vntill by little and little by their valiantnes and strength they enlarged their Empire bringing vnder their subiection many nations These people at the beginning made their abode neere to the riuer Araxes being very fewe in number and litle esteemed vntill they had gotten a Martiall King excelling in the feates of armes vnder whom they enlarged their countrie and dominions and it extendeth by that side where the mountaines lye vnto the Ocean Seas and the lake Meotis passeth by diuers places vnto the riuer Tanais from the which riuer Scithia stretcheth in length And at the east ende it is deuided into two sortes of people parted assunder almost in the middest of the mountaine Ymao the one of the which is called the Scithians within Ymao and the other the Scithians without The Scithians were neuer set vpon or at the least not ouercome of any other strange empire Darius king of the Persians set vpon them but in the ende returned flying away with great shame They beheaded the king Cirus with all his armie and destroyed a Captaine of Alexander the Great with all his power they hearde of the armies of the Romaines but felt them not they are a hard people and can suffer greate labour warres be very valiant these people at the beginning did not go far one from another for they neither vsed tillage nor had any houses nor abiding place but soiourned in the deserts mountaines carrieng their beastes and cattaile wiues and children with them in cartes they had no lawes but obserued Iustice and equitie by their owne accord Among these there was no greater euill then theft nor any thing more punished and so it was needfull seeing they had no houses nor enclosures for their cattaile but all thinges lay abroade in the fieldes There was neyther golde nor siluer amonge them neither knew they what it meant Their meate which they vsed most commonly was milke and hony They cloathed their bodies against the colde and
with a high tower therein wherevpon there is a great bell and when it ringeth in the night none dare walke abroad in the streates but the watchemen of the citie and Midwiues and Phisicions who must passe with light And without the citie are twelue great streates euery one aunswering to his gate of the citie wherein there are many craftes men and merchants dwelling and in the same are lodged all such as come to the court about any busines and the Stewes are kept in those streates in the which are aboue xx thousand women of euil liuing and not one of them dare enter into the citie vpon paine of burning Out of this citie goeth euery day more then a thousand cartes laden with silke Nere to the citie of Cambalu there is a mountayne wherein are founde blacke stones which burne like vnto drye wood There is also nere to Cataya a countrey of xx days iourney inhabited with Christians Nestorians which haue greater fayrer churches then we haue In this citie of Cābalu the great Cham hath his Pallace and Court which is very great And it is sayde that this Pallace hath 4. Columnes of fine gold and the walles of the Pallace layde ouer with golde and the floores layed with brickes of gold siluer In this Pallace are the great Cham his wiues which are foure in nomber of lawfull birth euery of which hath in her court thirtie thousand maides many pages men women that serue them which are more then foure thousand men women His eldest sonne of his first wife hath his court by him selfe There watche euery night xx thousande gentlemen on horsebacke which are his garde And foure thousand persons sit at meat with him The first wife sitteth at his left hande the rest successiuely and at his other hande sit his sonnes his sonnes sonnes euery one according to his age He hath xx thousande huntsmen foure thousand dogs xx thousand hawkes fiue thousand Gerfalcons a great nomber of Acorres They pitch ten thousand tents in the fieldes when he goeth to his pastimes of hunting And two principall tents for him self wherin may be two thousand knights at pleasure the which tēts are furnished with such riches that one of the small realmes is not able to buy them The great Cham is the greatest Lord of the whole earth and so intitleth him selfe king of kinges and lorde of lordes and in trueth he is lorde from Scythia euen thorowe out all the East partes from thence to the Mediteran Sea so that not without reason he causeth him selfe to be written lorde and Emperour of all the East partes He commaundeth him selfe to be called the sonne of God and in this gloryeth much He hath great countryes and very riche thereby is the greatest lorde and the richest of the worlde as we haue already rehearsed In the Winter the Tartars come into the plaine feeldes which are hote and of good pasture and in the Sommer they abyde in the mountaynes and among the trees and fresh places They make rounde houses of tymber couer them with felts and these houses they carry with them w●●ther soeuer they goe And alwayes they set the dore of the house in the Sommer time towardes the South and in the Winter towardes the North. They bring likewise some cartes couered with feltes so strong that the water neuer passeth thorow them the which are drawen with Camels Vpon these they carry their wiues children family All the other customes and manners of the Tartars are spoken of already where ●e treated of Tartaria The prouince of Mangi otherwise called Mongall is neare vnto Cataya subiect to the great Cham. It hath vnder the iurisdiction thereof eight realmes and in euery realme a 140. cities And in all the prouince of Mangi is a thousand two hundred and two cities very great and riche There is in this countrey great ●rade of clothes of golde and silke and of precious stones pearles and of all sortes of spices The people are for the most parte all handycraftes men They cause the children to followe their fathers occupations There are a great nomber that vse the science of Necromancie and witchecraft and there are many euil people and of wicked conditions There is in this countrey no man of warre nor horse for the warres by reason it is situated in a strong place and shut vp with many waters and round about the cities and townes are deepe and broade ●aues full of water The people of this countrey are much toubled with sickenesse and diseases If they gaue them selues to seates of armes all the world coulde not bring the prouince of Mangi vnder subiection They worship idols they speake the Persian language they burn their dead bodies They vse in this countrie money of Corall and the women bring it hanging at their neckes and deck their Idols with it therefore it is much desired and set by In this prouince they make clothes of golde silke and chamblet in very great quantitie There are in this prouince mastiues as great as Asses All they that are borne in the prouince of Mangi haue the day houre of their birthes written that the lord of the countrey may knowe it When any man will take his iourney he goeth to aske counsell of the diuines When they dye they apparell their bodies in canuas burne them with papers wherein are paynted diuels horses slaues beastes and apparell And they say that all the same shall serue those that dye in another worlde And when they burne the bodyes they sing and make much mirth and saye that the goddes do so receiue them with ioye in the other worlde There are many great riche cities in the prouince of Cataya Mangi as for example one called Gengomsu being ten miles in compasse and the walles of the pallace of that citie are round about on the inside lined with golde In the prouince of Mangi is another citie called Nocian subiect also to the great Cham where men haue their teeth couered with golde the women set great store by their hayre and buy sell gouerne all the goods and the men followe no kinde of busines but apply their hunting pleasure pastimes in the feeldes go to the warres And when the womē haue brought forth their children the men go to bed take the child keepe it vntil fourtie dayes be past the women rise vp go abroad as though they had not ben deliuered of any child serue their husbands Singni is also a great and noble citie contayning fourtie miles in compasse and in it is an innumerable cōpany of people al are Philosophers Phisicions merchants handy craftes men very expert in all artes Ther ●re in this citie vii thousand stone bridges brought very curiously vnder the which a Galley may rowe very wel In the mountaines of this citie groweth Rewbarb and Ginger in great