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A62275 A sermon preached at Reading, Feb. 25, 1672, at the assizes there holden for the county of Berks, before the Right Honourable Sir Edward Turner, Knight ... and Sir Edward Thurland, Knight ... by Joseph Sayer ... Sayer, Joseph, 1630 or 31-1693. 1673 (1673) Wing S797; ESTC R7938 19,707 42

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shall shew thee and thou shalt observe to do according to all that they inform thee according to the sentence of the Law which they shall teach thee and according to the judgment which they shall tell thee thou shalt do thou shalt not decline from the sentence which they shall shew thee to the right hand or to the left And the man that will do presumptuously and will not hearken to the Priest that standeth there to minister before the Lord thy God or unto the Judge that man shall die and thou shalt put away evil from Israel and all the people shall hear and fear and do no more presumptuously Nay we are not only bound to yield Obedience in all those thing which we know to be lawful and in all those things which we know not but only suspect to be sinful but even in those things which being lawful in themselves holy Scripture not forbidding them we do verily think by reason of some mistake and errour of judgment to be sinful We are still under an Obligation of obeying though in such a case Obedience cannot be yielded without sin We are bound to obey because God commands it The mistake of our Judgment cannot disoblige us from nor dispense with the sacred bond of Gods Precept Sin can never free from Duty The errour of our judgment is a sin and that can never change the nature of a sinful omission making that which is sinful in its self become safe for us Innocently impotent to his duty 't is impossible any man should be and yet obeying in this case we are sure to sin against God because we do that which we verily take to be sinful which does argue that we would have done it had it been really such as upon mistake we apprehend it to be and that therefore we have no fear of God before our eyes in as much as we durst adventure on that which we verily thought would be a violation of the Divine Law and a provocation of Gods displeasure against our selves and therefore it is the same thing to us as if it had been really sinful a transgression of the known Law of God so that in such a case doing or not doing obeying or not obeying we are sure to sin against God that 's the great unhappiness of an erring Conscience And yet there is no absolute perplexity for there is a third thing required and to be done and that is deponere erroneam conscientiam to lay aside ones erroneous Conscience and mistaken Conceptions That is the remedy in such cases to endeavour by an humble diligence in the use of all proper and proportionable means to be truly and rightly informed that so the Judgment may be purged from errour and the Conscience thereby freed from this desperate necessity of sinning But what if after serious endeavours a man cannot be convinced of the truth cannot shake off his erroneous and mistaken conceptions cannot extricate himself from the snare in which he is engaged What is to be done in such a case He is to endeavour it still having been serious in some degree already he must be yet more serious in his search and study after the truth Hos 6.3 Hos 6.3 Then shall a man know when he follows on to know the Lord when he seeks it again and again seeks for it as for silver and searches for it as for hid treasure Prov. 2.3 Prov. 2.3 When he does persist in the use of means is exceeding earnest in prayer to God for it constant and indefatigable in his endeavours after it He must be more willing to understand and embrace the truth than he is willing that what he errs in should prove true He must lay aside all prejudice and prepossession and must read and hear what 's written and may be said on the one side as well as on the other And if he be biassed in any thing it must be in an humble jealousie and mistrust of himself and according to Saint Pauls direction Phil. 2.3 in esteeming others better than himself and then Joh. 7.17 according to our Saviours promise he shall know of the Doctrine whether it be of God or not God will instruct and teach him though not by immediate revelation that is not to be lookt for now yet by a particular secret and unknown assistance The humble man shall have grace 1 Pet. 5.5 1 Pet 5.5 The meek shall be guided in judgment and shall be surely taught Gods way Psal 25.9 Psal 25.9 But the man that will not take this course his continuance in errour becomes his greater condemnation and may be lookt on as Gods judgment on him for his pride and partiality for his negligence disrespect to Authority and for his want of care to be rightly informed But what if a man has bound himself by Oath to do contrary to what the Law of his Prince Commands Let Mr. Perkins be heard in the case An Oath does not bind says he against the wholsom Laws of the Commonwealth Rom. 13.1 because God hath commanded that every soul be subject to the Higher Powers it is in his Cases of Conscience concerning Oaths this being the second of those six Cases wherein he tells us that an Oath doth not bind An Oath ought to be kept with all imaginable care and strictness and that in all things whatsoever that are not contrary to a Christians Duty but the intervention of a Duty supersedes the Obligation of an Oath The voluntary Obligation which a man lays upon himself cannot vacate that precedent Obligation that is laid upon him by the Lord. Surely God never meant that his Name should be made use of in an Oath to oblige mens Consciences to a violation of his own Commands Let this horrible thought be once admitted and men are at liberty to do what they list they may change the nature of things and may make it lawful yea necessary to break all the Commands of God and to commit all the sins in the World If a man be unwilling to perform some necessary Duty as to pay his Debts to relieve the Poor to sustain and honour his Parents to keep the Lords Day holy to frequent the place of Gods Publick Worship to partake of the holy Sacrament of the Lords Supper or the like 't is but binding himself by Oath to the contrary and he is discharged from what before was his Duty And as for the omission of Duties so for the executing of a mans Lusts If a man scruple at Adultery Incest Theft Murder Sacriledge Idolatry Schism Rebellion or the like 't is but binding himself by Oath to do these things and their nature being immediately changed he is to press them upon his Conscience as obliging necessary Duties Once admit this errour and you are furnished with an excuse for whatsoever wickedness you have a mind to commit 'T will instruct you how to justifie all the sins in the World to the utter extirpation
the Light of Israel 3. A Third special Duty included in this general is to yield them obedience and that both Active to their Precepts Passive to their Punishments We are to execute their Commands with cheerfulness and to bear with patience what they inflict on us In the First place 1. We are to execute their Commands It is our Duty to yield an active Obedience both in things Civil and in things Religious but with this limitation while they command us nothing that is inconsistent with our Duty toward Almighty God i.e. nothing that God forbids Whatsoever they do lawfully command we are in conscience bound to obey it Defence of the Cure of Church-Divisions p. 87. What the Scripture does not make to be a sin the Magistrates Command will make to be a duty 't is Mr. Baxters expression whose testimony in this case should me thinks prevail with those who are least affected with this most needful Doctrine of Obedience And lest perhaps it should be thought that he took up this Opinion but very lately to them who shall read what he hath written it will appear to have been his constant Opinion Thes 320. That Rulers must be obeyed in all lawful things is one of his Theses in his Aphorisms of Government Nay Kings and Magistrates must be Obeyed Thes 321. not only in things Civil but even about the Worship of God in all lawful Commands that his next Thesis which he presently thus explains So much of the Circumstances of Worship as God has left to be determined by men we must obey the Magistrate in if he determine them and much more when he doth but enforce Gods own Commandments Pag. 400. to 407. Both there and again more largely in his Book of Church-Government and Worship he instances in the several circumstances of Time Place Gesture Vesture and other Modes and Forms of Worship of all which particular circumstances he discourses at large and there tells us that being left undetermined by the Word of God and therefore left to be determined by the Laws of men in all these we may be bound by the Commands of lawful Authority Nay we are bound to obey the Magistrate not only in those things which we know to be lawful but in all those things which we do not know to be sinful And so we are told by the same Learned Author as far as I can understand him in these words We must obey the Magistrate Thes 323. though we know not their Commands are lawful so long as they are so indeed and we have no sufficient reason to believe them unlawful This Doctrine he abundantly proves both there and in several other places particularly in his Book of Church-Government and Worship by such Arguments as are not to be answered Pag. 461 462 484. Gods Word commands Obedience to the Magistrate in express and down-right terms Obey them that have the rule over you Heb. 13.17 Heb. 13.17 Keep the Kings Commandment and that in regard of the Oath of God Eccles 8.2 Obey Magistrates Tit. 3.1 Eccles 8.2 Tit. 3.1 Submit your selves to every Ordinance of man for the Lords sake 1 Pet. 2.13 1 Pet. 2.12 Tit. 3.1 1 Pet. 2.15 Gal. 6.9 2 Thes 3.13 1 Pet. 2.13 It does reckon such Obedience among the good works of the Gospel which a Christian should be always ready to perform and calls it by the name of well-doing of which a Christian ought not to be weary If now the thing commanded by the Magistrate be not known to us to be as plainly forbidden as this Duty of obeying what the Magistrate is pleased to command is well known to be injoined by God what excuse can be had in the least for our not obeying Shall our own uncertain conjectures and but suspitions only be of so great weight and moment as to prevail against a known and certain Command Or ought not that much rather which is doubtful give way to that which is certain the interposition of the Magistrates Command being of so great weight and moment as to render that a Duty whereof we are not to doubt which before we did not know but did suspect or only doubt to be a sin Holy Paul indeed has told us Rom. 14.23 that Whatsoever is not of Faith is sin Rom. 14.23 i. e. Whatsoever we either do or forbear without a reasonable perswasion of the lawfulness of our so doing or so forbearing 't is to us a sin And so again in the former part of that Verse He that doubteth is damned if he eat because he eateth not of Faith But withal we ought to know that this Text of Scripture is to be understood only of those things which are left to our own choice being at liberty as we please either to do or to forbear them But it speaks not of those things wherein we are limited by the Commands of those that have Authority over us whom to disobey in things lawful is sin against Almighty God and all sin without repentance brings damnation upon our selves Neither is it without great reason that although we are to abstain from a thing doubtful being at our own disposal free and unconfined as to that particular yet we both may and ought to do it when Authority has injoined the doing of it I say not but that if we have time to consider and means to inform our selves of the nature of the thing which is injoined we ought first to consider and conscientiously use those means to inform our selves of the lawfulness of the thing ere we do what is injoined us But if our doubt be invincible or the Command require so speedy an Obedience that we have not time or cannot use means to resolve it in such case the Command of our Superiour is enough to put an end to our doubting our Superiour being Gods Deputy authorized and commissioned by him to resolve us in such doubtful cases so that his Command is a clear determining of the doubt after which we are to doubt no more while we continue in those forementioned circumstances his Command being reason enough to make us own that thing to be our Duty which as yet we do not certainly know nor can absolutely conclude to be a sin To this purpose let it be observed what 's recorded in Deut. chap. 17. verse 8 9 10 11 12 13. Deut. 17.8 9 10 11 12 13. If there arise a matter too hard for thee in judgment between blood and blood between plea and plea and between stroke and stroke being matters of controversie within thy gates then shalt thou arise and get thee to the place which the Lord thy God shall chuse and thou shalt come unto the Priests the Levites and unto the Judge that shall be in those days and enquire and they shall tell thee the sentence of judgment And thou shalt do according to the sentence which they of that place which the Lord thy God shall chuse