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A81687 The clergies honour: or, the lives of St. Basil the Great, Archbishop of Neo-cæsarea, and St. Chrysostom, Archbishop of Constantinople. Drawn by way of parallel Dowell, John, ca. 1627-1690. 1681 (1681) Wing D2055C; ESTC R223910 54,058 112

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of the Emperour and destroying of Constantinople He was frustrated from those designs by the miraculous power of God Whereupon he flies to Tribigilaus the Gothish King who received him with the highest respect and commissioned him in the head of an Army to make a dreadful invasion upon the Graecian Empire which filled Asia with horrour and bloud Greece it self trembling under his Arms The Emperour was not provided to repel so great a force whereupon Chrysostom is sent in an Embassie to that Barbarian who though he knew the affront he had given him at Constantinople yet undertakes the business Gaynas meets him with the greatest kindness and gives him the highest testimony of respect Chrysostom so far prevails that he affrights him from a further progress whereby the Emperour had leisure to raise such an Army which chastised the treachery and insolence of Gaynas and made him satisfie for all the injuries he had done to the Romans in the ruine of his Army and the loss of his life Oh the glory of Religion that an unarmed person could free the Roman Empire from those dangers from which their own weapons could not preserve them so in Spiritual Preaching the verity of Christian Religion is asserted The weapons of our warfare are not Carnal but Spiritual through God That one Bishop should more prevail over the enemies of the Roman Empire then whole Armies and when the City of Constantinople would have twice hindred his banishment and would have opposed their Arms to the Emperours Edict that commotions and bloud might be hindred he privately delivered himself into the hands of the Emperours Souldiers who secretly conveyed him into exile Nay when Innocentius Bishop of Rome would have pronounced a sentence of Excommunication against the Emperour and Honorins the Western Emperour in the defence of Chrysostom would have drawn down his Army to Constantinople against Arcadius he hindred the intentions of both by his Eloquence peaceable and quiet Letters And to shew he retained not a rancour against the Emperour and Empress or his other Court or Ecclesiastical enemies at Cucusum where he had a space to breath in he wrote that incomparable and excellent piece stiled No man is hurt but by himself This is the glory of Christanity to reconcile the fear of God and honour of the King together They must not rifle their duty and yet they must not draw the Sword against their Princes The foundation laid by a late Philosopher of making the Princes will the rule of Justice and goodness for the preservation of Government and the peace of Societies overthrows the whole structure of Religion destroys the society and order of men and is contradictory to the reason of men But to secure Government and peace by Non-resistance and Passive obedience as it 's consonant to Divine pleasure so it secures Religion maintains Justice and is the most certain defence of the Imperial power Chrysostom privately retiring into The Accident that happened at the banishment of Chrysostom banishment the People for some hours were ignorant that he had taken Ship for Armenia but no sooner the news was spread in the City but it was filled with confusion terrours and cryes Men Women and Children of all sorts and qualities ran to the Haven and there cry out the Bishop the Bishop is gone They enquired of the Mariners where the last step was that they might kiss the very impression of his foot Never City was more doleful then Constantinople was then The Governour of the City Optatus was a Pagan a zealous professor of Idolatry he with the greatest joy embraced the banishment of Chrysostom as an occasion put into his hands to prosecute the Christians with as great a cruelty and rage as ever the Heathen Tyrants did to make a Christian Emperour by his hands the cause of inflicting as dreadful tortures on them as a Decius or Dioclesian The Banishment of Chrysostom happened imediately before Easter the great Ternary of days the days of our Lords being in the Grave was the time when these Tragedies were acted For then the Churches were filled with Christians of all sorts many Men and Women were then preparing for Baptism to be celebated on Easter-day the Deaconesses attending upon the Women the Deacons upon the Men in their distinct and several places all which were filled with sorrow for Chrysostom incredible was their grief for the Decree of Banishment fervent were their prayers for his continuance Optatus commands his Troops to enter the Church the people cry for Chrysostom the Souldiers answer their Petitions with their Swords Thus the Holy Church the Sacred Altar was besmeared with bloud in the day of the Lords Passion They enter the places where the Catechumens were to the Women they offer the basest indignities and cruelties to the Men all which malice and rage could perpetrate The Fonts were not now filled with water but bloud and they who were prepared to be consecrated to God in the waters of Baptism are now indeed baptized into the Baptism that Christ was baptized with Oh dreadful passage what if Chrysostom had been in some words indiscreet must the Flock of Christ thus suffer and the Christian Emperour give authority for such an indignity to be offered to Christian Religion The Souldiers after they had wounded the Catechumens poured their bloud into the Fonts stript the Women naked and in a barbarous cruelty and divelish rage against Christianity for these were Pagan Troops in a scorn dipt them in their own bloud and cruelly murthered many of them Who can read without tears such a Tragedy done in a Christian City with the Authority of a Christian Emperour on the day of our blessed Lord's Passion but O Eternal God! thy ways are a great depth and cannot be searched out In the very night that Chrysostom was carried into Exile a Fire began in the Throne of Chrysostom which consumed that stately Cathedral wherein he constantly Preached the flames being carried by a violent East-wind lighted upon the Palace of the Senators of Constantinople the Common-Council-house of the City a rare Pile of buildings and laid it level with the ground Those flames were matter of Joy to Optatus another opportunity being presented to him for the reaking his malice upon the Christians The favourites of Chrysostom were presently clapt in prison and laid in Irons especially the Presbyters and Deacons who were faithful to him the Constantinopolitan Ladies not being spared many of whom were put to cruel Torments that the Ecclesiastical Historian judges it best to pass by the Narrative in silence But in all the Tortures that they suffer'd neither man nor woman confessed the Fact but utterly denied it Olympias a great Lady the Widow of Nebridius a rich Consul embraced a Religious life She was a great admirer and lover of Chrysostom her Estate was crime enough she is drag'd to the Tribunal accused as an Accomplice in the burning of the Church to which accusation she bravely answers
throng'd to the Church that the Pulpit was altered from its ancient place which was in the Chancel into the body of the Church where the people standing round about him might readily attend to that torrent of Holiness and Eloquence The Athenian Orator that the noise and tumult of the people might not disturb him whilst he was pronouncing his brave Orations constantly used to repeat them on the Banks of the Haven that he who was unconcern'd at the rouling of the waves might likewise enjoy an undisturbed mind amidst the clamours and contentions of the people But this great man commanded the people to quietness every one fearing lest any noise should hinder them from hearing any sentence flowing from that golden mouth The anger that Eusebius conceived against Basil forced him into the Wilderness but the Schism between the two Bishops of Antioch elected by two different parties made Chrysostom the second time try the sweetness of the Desarts As yet that custom prevailed of the peoples power in electing the Bishop a Rite which indeed was used in several Ages of the Church which no more vindicates the Independent Ordination of Ministers then the Kings nomination of Bishops to the Sees and Patrons presenting of Clerks to their Benefices destroy the Episcopal Ordination Chrysostom thought the Briars and Thorns of the Desarts were incomparably less troublesom then the Schisms of the Church But the Antiochians are impatient Chrysostom must return they can endure no longer the absence of so brave a Preacher Chrysostom returns privately to Antioch with what joy did this news fill the City how tedious was that night to them how long seem'd every hour till they saw Chrysostom in the Pulpit Early in the morning did the Antiochians hasten to the Church expecting Chrysostom they knew he could be no longer out of the Pulpit Chrysostom failed not their expectation Chrysostom comes to Church he hastens first to the Altar where he pays his devotion to his blessed and dearest Lord. After a Reverence done to the Archbishop he ascends the Pulpit What passions appeared in the Antiochians countenances at the same time their faces gave the indication of Joy and Admiration their eyes were full of tears the sacred pavement was slippery with that holy water the Fountains of those Rivers was Love and Joy so Clouds kindly melt into gentle Rain by the greater influence of the Sun Chrysostom for twelve years which he spent during the time that he was Presbyter at Antioch was assiduous in preaching prayer and study His honour and affection that he had for his Archbishop was infinitely entire he perceiving that the Sermons of Flavianus were not so frequented as his own would reprehend the peoples temerity in the midst of his Sermons would make an Harangue in the praise of the Archbishop preferring the Sermons of him to those of his own extolling the judiciousness gravity and ponderous Divinity and reflecting with some diminutions on his own rapidness and impetuousness This glorious action endeared him to the Archbishop with whom he continued a perfect amity and rendred himself more amiable to the multitude who plainly perceived that amidst the Acclamations of the whole City nay the Applause and honour of the whole World he sought not his honour from men but endeavoured to receive it from God In the third year of his Presbytership the dreadful commotion happen'd wherein the Citizens in a wild fury threw down the Statues of the Emperor and Empress which cast Chrysostom himself into such a vast confusion of mind that for seven days together he retired to his Chamber as not being able to look upon that people who though they had attended so long to his admirable preaching should throw themselves headlong into such an inexpressible phrenzy The seventh day recollecting his Spirit he ascends the Pulpit never people wanted more an admirable Preacher and never people furnished with a more incomparable man They stood in need of Lenitives and Corrosives no person ever knew better how to apply them Their crime was so great that the very sharpest expressions a tongue dipt in Vinegar and Gall sufficed not to chastise their insolent Treasons and yet they were so filled with the apprehensions of their guilt the horrour of so dreadful a Fact did so terrifie them that their own consciences prepared wracks and wheels for them and they were dead before the sentence was pronounced against them The Citizens themselves became living Ghosts Chrysostom therefore as a most excellent Physician seeing a Patient lye sick of a desperate wound which stands in need of the most searching Corrosives and yet of a languishing and fainting mind prepares his Patient by Cordials to receive sharper Medicines so he raises the drooping Spirits of the Citizens and enlivens them by Heavenly comforts and instructions and afterwards scourges them with a most eloquent detection of their Villanies and dreadful denunciation of Eternal Judgments His Sermons he managed so piously and dexterously that they obtained his desired effect Some time after a sharp reprehension of that rebellious frenzy he would raise some comfort in their Spirits by an Elogium of the Emperors person and qualities some time promising them a happy success from the Prudence and Authority and gravity of Flavianus who undertook to intercede for them whereby at the same time he gained a greater respect from his Auditors endeared himself to the Archbishop and ingratiated himself into the Emperors esteem and thus for twelve years he so prudently managed the Function of his Priesthood that his fame flew throughout the World his name was so celebrated in the Emperors Court that it occasioned his removal from Antioch to the Archiepiscopal See of Constantinople Now let us behold our Priests consecrated Bishops now we shall behold The entry of Basil into the Metropolitical See of Caesarea them with their Crosiers now advanced to the highest dignities But with their honour we shall behold their persecutions and troubles These Mountains of Piety and Learning are now struck with Lightning and Thunder The Tranquility of the Wilderness is changed into a violent storm their Retirements and Studies are turned into the troubles and confusions of the Court and Church now they are not more glorious in holiness and honour then persecuted by Envy and Rage When they entred upon their Episcopal dignities they launched into that Sea of trouble where they found no rest till the grave had prepared a Repose for them Upon the death of Eusebius Basil to avoid the Episcopal Authority retired and fled from Caesarea Valens the Emperour sent his Praefect of Cappadocia if possible to procure the installing of an Arrian Bishop into that Metropolitical See The Neighbouring Catholick Bishops knowing of what consequence to the universal Church the Election of Basil would be all unaminously hasten to Caesarea The aged Father of Gregory the Divine expecting a Bier to carry him to the grave rather than a Chariot to bring him to Caesarea determined to