what_o the_o meaning_n of_o the_o clause_n cum_fw-la piscationibus_fw-la simple_o or_o of_o fish_v in_o salt_n water_n can_v import_n see_v there_o be_v common_a freedom_n of_o every_o nation_n to_o fish_n into_o the_o sea_n or_o into_o brook_n or_o river_n for_o common_a fish_n and_o therefore_o needs_o no_o special_a concession_n from_o the_o king_n or_o other_o superior_a but_o the_o use_n thereof_o may_v be_v first_o that_o it_o may_v be_v the_o title_n or_o foundation_n of_o prescription_n of_o salmond-fishing_a not_o only_o in_o freshwater_n but_o in_o the_o sea_n at_o the_o water-mouth_n where_o they_o be_v frequent_o take_v and_o also_o that_o in_o other_o fishing_n if_o a_o prescription_n run_v of_o interrupt_v and_o hinder_v other_o to_o fish_v whatsoever_o sort_n of_o fish_n it_o will_v constitute_v a_o property_n thereof_o which_o can_v not_o consist_v without_o this_o clause_n or_o the_o like_a as_o a_o title_n neither_o can_v it_o be_v comprehend_v as_o annex_v or_o connex_v of_o land_n or_o as_o a_o servitude_n be_v a_o distinct_a right_n have_v so_o little_a respect_n to_o land_n 70._o there_o be_v a_o special_a way_n of_o fish_v by_o cruive_n or_o zaire_n both_o in_o fresh_a water_n and_o salt_n all_o such_o cruive_n be_v absolute_o prohibit_v to_o be_v set_v within_o rivers_n in_o so_o far_o as_o the_o tide_n flow_v as_o be_v destructive_a to_o the_o frey_n of_o all_o fish_n parliament_n 1424._o cap._n 11._o renew_v par._n 1477._o cap._n 73._o par._n 1581._o cap._n 111._o and_o as_o to_o other_o cruive_n in_o fresh_a water_n they_o be_v also_o prohibit_v by_o the_o say_v last_o statute_n except_o such_o as_o be_v infeft_v in_o cruive_n lynes_n or_o loup_n within_o fresh_a water_n who_o be_v to_o enjoy_v the_o same_o according_a to_o their_o right_n keep_v saturdays_n slop_n and_o the_o due_a distance_n betwixt_o the_o heck_n the_o distance_n of_o the_o heck_n by_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1477._o cap._n 73._o be_v express_v to_o be_v three_o inch_n conform_v to_o the_o statute_n make_v by_o king_n david_n but_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1489._o cap._n 15._o express_v the_o distance_n to_o be_v five_o inch_n conform_v to_o king_n david_n act_n and_o in_o both_o these_o statute_n beside_o the_o distance_n aforesaid_n saturday_n slop_n be_v appoint_v and_o likewise_o that_o the_o mid-stream_n by_o the_o space_n of_o five_o foot_n be_v always_o free_a and_o that_o no_o cruive_n be_v make_v use_n of_o in_o forbid_a time_n of_o year_n when_o salmond_n may_v not_o be_v take_v which_o be_v declare_v to_o be_v from_o the_o feast_n of_o the_o assumption_n of_o the_o virgin_n mary_n unto_o the_o feast_n of_o saint_n andrews_n in_o winter_n parliament_n 1424._o cap._n 35._o few_o debate_n have_v occur_v concern_v cruive_n notwithstanding_o the_o great_a notice_n thereof_o by_o so_o many_o of_o our_o king_n one_o do_v late_o occur_v and_o be_v full_o debate_v in_o presentia_fw-la betwixt_o the_o heretor_n of_o the_o water_n of_o don_n and_o the_o town_n of_o aberdene_n which_o be_v main_o decide_v on_o january_n 26._o 1665._o the_o case_n be_v thus_o the_o town_n of_o aberdene_n have_v change_v a_o cruive-dyke_n to_o another_o place_n within_o their_o own_o bound_n and_o build_v the_o same_o there_o again_o of_o new_a whereupon_o the_o heretor_n who_o have_v right_a to_o the_o salmond-fishing_a upon_o the_o water_n of_o don_n above_o these_o cruive_n raise_v a_o declarator_n against_o they_o wherein_z after_o large_a dispute_n concern_v saturdays_n slop_n and_o the_o mid-stream_n and_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o heck_n and_o the_o height_n of_o the_o cruive-dyke_n and_o whether_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v build_v slope_v or_o perpendicular_a and_o whether_o it_o may_v be_v change_v to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o heretor_n the_o lord_n find_v that_o the_o town_n of_o aberdene_n may_v change_v the_o cruive-dyke_n keep_v it_o within_o their_o own_o bound_n and_o have_v no_o more_o dykes_n but_o one_o but_o find_v that_o see_v they_o have_v a_o cruive_n past_o memory_n without_o interruption_n which_o have_v determine_v the_o height_n and_o frame_n thereof_o they_o find_v that_o the_o new_a dyke_n behove_v to_o be_v build_v in_o all_o thing_n conform_v to_o the_o old_a and_o with_o no_o more_o detriment_n to_o the_o say_n heretor_n fish_v then_o be_v former_o before_o the_o water_n have_v pool_v at_o the_o old_a dike_n and_o so_o it_o be_v not_o determine_v how_o high_a a_o cruive-dyke_n may_v be_v or_o whether_o it_o behove_v to_o be_v slope_v or_o not_o where_o prescription_n have_v not_o determine_v which_o be_v very_o seldom_o it_o be_v also_o find_v that_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o heck_n ought_v to_o be_v three_o inch_n conform_v to_o the_o act_n of_o king_n james_n the_o three_o par._n 1477._o cap._n 73._o and_o not_o five_o inch_n according_a to_o the_o act_n of_o king_n james_n the_o four_o par._n 1489._o cap._n 15._o which_o mention_n five_o inch_n which_o the_o lord_n find_v to_o be_v a_o mistake_n in_o the_o transcribe_v or_o print_v of_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n in_o respect_n that_o both_o this_o and_o the_o former_a act_n relate_v to_o the_o statute_n of_o king_n david_n as_o the_o pattern_n thereof_o which_o mention_n but_o three_o inch_n and_o that_o heck_v of_o five_o inch_n wide_o will_v be_v of_o no_o use_n nor_o hold_v in_o any_o salmond_n the_o lord_n also_o find_v that_o the_o saturday_n slop_n behove_v to_o be_v observe_v not_o only_o in_o one_o cruive_n but_o in_o all_o the_o cruive_n of_o the_o dyke_n and_o that_o by_o pull_v up_o the_o heck_n of_o each_o cruive_n by_o the_o breadth_n of_o a_o ell_n to_o continue_v from_o saturday_n at_o six_o a_o clok_n till_o monday_n at_o sunrising_n and_o the_o lord_n find_v that_o part_n of_o the_o statute_n concern_v the_o mid-stream_n to_o be_v indeed_o distinct_a from_o saturday_n slop_n but_o they_o find_v that_o part_n of_o the_o statute_n concern_v the_o mid-stream_n to_o be_v in_o desuetude_n in_o all_o the_o cruive_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o repeat_v by_o the_o act_n of_o king_n james_n the_o six_o par._n 1584._o cap._n 111._o and_o therefore_o find_v the_o same_o not_o obligatory_a notwithstanding_o that_o in_o the_o late_a act_n of_o parliament_n 1661._o there_o be_v a_o act_n ratify_v all_o the_o old_a statute_n concern_v cruive_n which_o be_v allege_v to_o revive_v that_o point_n of_o the_o mid-stream_n which_o the_o lord_n do_v not_o respect_n as_o a_o general_a law_n albeit_o the_o confirmation_n do_v run_v in_o these_o term_n because_o it_o past_o the_o parliament_n without_o notice_n as_o a_o ordinary_a confirmation_n at_o the_o impetration_n of_o their_o pursuer_n and_o do_v not_o pass_v the_o article_n and_o be_v not_o appoint_v to_o be_v print_v as_o a_o public_a law_n 71._o milns_n be_v not_o carry_v as_o part_v and_o pertinent_a because_o they_o be_v esteem_v as_o separata_fw-la tenementa_fw-la require_v a_o special_a seasine_n unless_o the_o land_n be_v in_o barronia_n for_o then_o infeftment_n in_o the_o land_n carry_v the_o milns_n thereon_o yet_o a_o miln_n be_v build_v upon_o a_o liferenters_n land_n after_o her_o infeftment_n bear_v cum_fw-la molendinis_fw-la be_v find_v to_o belong_v to_o the_o relict_n though_o milns_n be_v not_o in_o the_o dispositive_a clause_n nor_o be_v she_o in_o conjunct-fee_n of_o a_o barony_n but_o she_o be_v not_o find_v to_o have_v right_a to_o the_o astricted_a multure_n of_o any_o land_n but_o her_o liferent_a land_n february_n 16._o 1666._o lady_n otter_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o otter_n 72._o the_o privilege_n of_o brew_v be_v design_v for_o public_a use_n for_o common_a hostlary_n the_o inspection_n whereof_o be_v commit_v to_o the_o judge_n ordinary_a magistrate_n of_o burgh_n sheriff_n baily_n and_o baron_n who_o be_v appoint_v to_o settle_v hostlary_n in_o convenient_a place_n and_o to_o visit_v their_o measure_n if_o they_o be_v sufficient_a and_o the_o goodness_n of_o their_o ale_n par._n 1535._o cap._n 17._o and_o the_o say_n magistrate_n to_o burgh_n or_o landward_o be_v ordain_v to_o see_v reasonable_a price_n for_o meat_n and_o drink_n in_o hostlary_n with_o power_n to_o deprive_v they_o of_o their_o privilege_n if_o they_o transgress_v so_o that_o a_o barony_n carry_v that_o privilege_n though_o not_o express_v but_o infeftment_n of_o other_o tenement_n carry_v it_o not_o unless_o it_o be_v express_o grant_v by_o the_o king_n immediate_o or_o by_o progress_n that_o be_v that_o all_o the_o superior_n interveen_v betwixt_o and_o the_o king_n have_v that_o privilege_n july_n 25._o 1626._o stuart_n contra_fw-la brewer_n but_o in_o possessorio_fw-la the_o proprietar_n infeftment_n bear_v cum_fw-la brueriis_fw-la will_v be_v sufficient_a and_o presume_v the_o progress_n unless_o that_o privilege_n be_v crave_v to_o be_v reduce_v wherein_o the_o
know_v to_o affect_v it_o by_o legal_a diligence_n the_o reason_n ordinary_o give_v for_o take_v write_v in_o that_o way_n be_v to_o shun_v the_o trouble_n of_o assignation_n translation_n or_o intimation_n thereof_o as_o they_o pass_v from_o hand_n to_o hand_n according_a to_o that_o tenor_n of_o obligation_n frequent_a in_o other_o place_n whereby_o the_o debtor_n oblige_v he_o to_o and_o perform_v such_o thing_n latori_fw-la presentium_fw-la by_o which_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v to_o none_o but_o he_o may_v get_v up_o the_o bond_n and_o safe_o pay_v to_o any_o that_o have_v it_o there_o be_v another_o reason_n of_o take_v blank_a bond_n to_o shun_v compensation_n upon_o any_o debt_n due_a by_o the_o cedent_fw-la for_o the_o law_n allow_v compensation_n against_o the_o assigney_n upon_o any_o debt_n due_a by_o the_o debtor_n to_o the_o cedent_fw-la before_o the_o assignation_n be_v intimate_v but_o when_o the_o debtor_n give_v a_o bond_n blank_a in_o the_o creditor_n name_n he_o be_v thereby_o understand_v to_o pass_v from_o compensation_n which_o have_v be_v sustain_v vide_fw-la title_n 11._o upon_o compensation_n for_o it_o be_v a_o just_a personal_a objection_n against_o he_o who_o grant_v the_o blank_a bond_n not_o to_o stop_v the_o effect_n or_o exccution_n thereof_o upon_o any_o other_o debt_n due_a by_o he_o to_o that_o party_n to_o who_o he_o grant_v the_o bond._n and_o albeit_o such_o blank_a bond_n may_v pass_v among_o merchant_n where_o intimation_n be_v not_o necessary_a upon_o bill_n of_o exchange_n which_o be_v transmit_v by_o the_o order_n of_o merchant_n thereupon_o without_o intimation_n and_o though_o such_o bond_n may_v pass_v among_o person_n of_o entire_a credit_n yet_o such_o conveyance_n if_o they_o shall_v be_v encourage_v and_o pass_v current_o without_o intimation_n will_v be_v of_o dangerous_a consequence_n and_o give_v occasion_n to_o much_o fraud_n for_o thereby_o creditor_n shall_v not_o know_v in_o who_o person_n such_o right_n stand_v and_o how_o to_o affect_v they_o for_o just_a debt_n and_o although_o the_o grant_a of_o such_o blank_a bond_n or_o the_o haver_n who_o so_o transmits_n they_o may_v be_v exclude_v from_o compensation_n yet_o other_o who_o may_v have_v interest_n to_o propone_v compensation_n in_o the_o same_o way_n as_o they_o may_v found_v upon_o a_o discharge_v grant_v by_o the_o receiver_n of_o the_o blank_a bond_n to_o the_o debtor_n therein_o can_v be_v exclude_v from_o allege_v compensation_n there_o be_v no_o personal_a objection_n against_o they_o and_o likewise_o conveyance_n without_o a_o cause_n onerous_a in_o prejudice_n of_o anterior_a creditor_n by_o person_n insolvent_a and_o fraudulent_a so_o that_o if_o either_o the_o first_o receiver_n of_o such_o blank_a security_n or_o the_o posterior_n receiver_n thereof_o be_v insolvent_a and_o without_o a_o equivalent_a cause_n onerous_a do_v transmit_v such_o blank_a security_n only_o by_o deliver_v the_o same_o the_o intermediat_a haver_n can_v hardly_o ever_o be_v know_v who_o creditor_n may_v affect_v the_o right_a while_n in_o their_o hand_n etc._n etc._n upon_o which_o consideration_n the_o first_o occasion_n that_o occur_v to_o the_o lord_n be_v a_o blank_a bond_n grant_v by_o marjory_n sandiland_n and_o deliver_v to_o samuel_n veatch_n he_o do_v deliver_v the_o same_o to_o marion_n geddess_n who_o fill_v up_o her_o name_n in_o the_o blank_a leave_v for_o the_o creditor_n and_o registrate_n the_o bond_n against_o sandiland_n the_o debtor_n yet_o tailzief_o who_o be_v veatche_n creditor_n have_v arrest_v all_o sum_n in_o sandiland_n hand_n due_a to_o veatch_n in_o the_o competition_n betwixt_o tailzief_a the_o arrester_n and_o geddess_n who_o name_n be_v fill_v up_o in_o the_o blank_a and_o the_o bond_n registrate_n in_o her_o name_n before_o the_o arrestment_n the_o sum_n remain_v yet_o unpay_v in_o sandiland_n hand_n the_o arrester_n be_v prefer_v in_o respect_n that_o albeit_o geddef_n name_n be_v fill_v up_o in_o the_o blank_a bond_n and_o it_o so_o registrate_n before_o the_o arrestment_n yet_o the_o delivery_n of_o the_o blank_a bond_n by_o veatch_n to_o geddess_n be_v in_o effect_n a_o assignation_n be_v find_v to_o require_v intimation_n and_o therefore_o tailzief_a the_o arrester_n be_v prefer_v in_o this_o case_n veatch_n who_o be_v first_o creditor_n be_v insolvent_a and_o albeit_o it_o the_o lord_n in_o the_o competition_n betwixt_o thomas_n hendrison_n and_o david_n george_n decide_v jan._n 18._o 1668._o prefer_v hendrison_n who_o name_n be_v in_o the_o bond_n as_o creditor_n and_o who_o offer_v his_o oath_n for_o clear_v whether_o the_o bond_n be_v blank_a ab_fw-la initio_fw-la and_o when_o fill_v up_o yet_o the_o lord_n do_v not_o leave_v it_o to_o his_o oath_n but_o take_v witness_n ex_fw-la officio_fw-la who_o prove_v that_o they_o see_v the_o bond_n fill_v up_o with_o henrieson_n name_v before_o the_o arrestment_n lay_v on_o by_o thomas_n george_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o debtor_n as_o due_a to_o short_a his_o creditor_n before_o the_o arrestment_n yet_o there_o be_v nothing_o adduce_v to_o prove_v that_o ever_o the_o bond_n have_v be_v blank_a or_o deliver_v to_o short_n and_o likewise_o a_o bond_n blank_a in_o the_o creditor_n name_n be_v deliver_v by_o the_o receiver_n of_o the_o bond_n to_o a_o creditor_n of_o he_o in_o satisfaction_n of_o his_o debt_n the_o same_o be_v find_v relevant_a to_o be_v prove_v that_o the_o blank_a bond_n be_v deliver_v before_o the_o declarator_n of_o escheat_n of_o the_o party_n to_o who_o it_o be_v first_o deliver_v in_o satisfaction_n of_o a_o debt_n due_a by_o he_o before_o he_o be_v denunce_v decemb._n 19_o 1676._o and_o jan_n 17._o 1677._o lord_n bamff_n contra_fw-la grant_v of_o rosa-solis_n there_o have_v be_v nothing_o do_v since_o to_o take_v off_o the_o necessity_n of_o a_o formal_a intimation_n make_v to_o the_o debtor_n of_o the_o fill_n up_o of_o the_o creditor_n name_n upon_o production_n of_o the_o bond_n itself_o show_v that_o name_n to_o be_v fill_v up_o and_o therefore_o any_o arrestment_n upon_o the_o debt_n of_o the_o person_n to_o who_o the_o bond_n be_v first_o deliver_v as_o creditor_n or_o to_o his_o own_o behoof_n or_o for_o the_o debt_n of_o any_o other_o person_n in_o who_o possession_n it_o come_v for_o his_o own_o behoof_n before_o the_o say_a intimation_n will_v prefer_v the_o arrester_n as_o to_o the_o manner_n of_o probation_n that_o the_o bond_n be_v blank_a ab_fw-la initio_fw-la in_o the_o creditor_n name_n it_o be_v a_o strong_a evidence_n that_o it_o be_v write_v with_o a_o hand_n different_a from_o the_o body_n of_o the_o bond_n for_o though_o blank_a draught_n of_o bond_n be_v frequent_o draw_v up_o by_o writer_n and_o nottar_n leave_v the_o sum_n the_o name_n of_o the_o debtor_n and_o creditor_n blank_a which_o be_v fill_v up_o by_o any_o that_o make_v use_v of_o the_o draught_n yet_o at_o the_o subscription_n the_o filler_z up_o of_o the_o sum_n the_o debtor_n and_o creditor_n name_n shall_v be_v express_v for_o these_o be_v more_o substantial_a than_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bond_n so_o that_o if_o the_o creditor_n name_n be_v not_o fill_v up_o with_o the_o hand_n that_o write_v the_o bond_n or_o of_o he_o who_o insert_v the_o date_n and_o witness_n it_o will_v be_v presume_v to_o have_v be_v blank_a in_o which_o case_n the_o debtor_n oath_n may_v be_v take_v to_o who_o he_o do_v deliver_v it_o for_o his_o own_o use_n and_o that_o person_n oath_n to_o who_o he_o do_v deliver_v the_o same_o whereby_o the_o progress_n of_o it_o till_o it_o come_v to_o he_o who_o name_n be_v insert_v will_v be_v find_v out_o and_o upon_o this_o ground_n a_o disposition_n of_o land_n bear_v to_o be_v to_o two_o person_n for_o themselves_o and_o other_o creditor_n of_o the_o disponer_n after-specified_n after_o which_o there_o be_v several_a line_n write_v with_o another_o hand_n insert_v particular_a creditor_n and_o sum_n without_o mention_v of_o the_o fill_n up_o there_o or_o at_o the_o date_n of_o the_o write_v therefore_o a_o inhibition_n by_o a_o creditor_n of_o the_o disponer_n be_v sustain_v to_o reduce_v the_o right_n of_o these_o creditor_n fill_v up_o in_o the_o blank_a as_o presume_v to_o be_v fill_v up_o after_o the_o inhibition_n although_o the_o date_n of_o the_o disposition_n be_v before_o the_o inhibition_n unless_o it_o be_v prove_v by_o witness_n insert_v in_o the_o disposition_n or_o other_o above_o exception_n that_o the_o blank_n be_v so_o fill_v up_o before_o the_o inhibition_n jan._n 15._o 1670._o lady_n lucia_n hamiltoun_n contra_fw-la the_o creditor_n of_o monkcastle_n these_o blank_a bond_n be_v so_o little_o favour_v that_o when_o the_o debtor_n depones_fw-la that_o he_o be_v only_a debtor_n by_o a_o bond_n blank_a in_o the_o creditor_n name_n which_o he_o do_v deliver_v to_o such_o a_o party_n for_o his_o own_o
serve_v without_o delay_n otherways_o they_o can_v never_o be_v serve_v there_o be_v ever_o possibility_n of_o the_o issue_n of_o men._n yet_o if_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v enter_v before_o the_o superveniency_n even_o though_o but_o in_o the_o womb_n the_o same_o will_v take_v place_n but_o if_o the_o ascendent_n be_v actual_o enter_v the_o law_n afford_v no_o remedy_n reversion_n or_o restitution_n neither_o can_v this_o difficulty_n be_v a_o reason_n against_o the_o succcession_n ofascendents_n because_o the_o question_n be_v only_o betwixt_o they_o and_o their_o own_o child_n and_o nothing_o operat_o in_o favour_n of_o their_o brother_n and_o sister_n or_o their_o descendants_n as_o to_o the_o other_o case_n in_o the_o instance_n propose_v it_o seem_v the_o succeession_n ought_v to_o have_v depend_v till_o the_o event_n of_o the_o lawful_a issue_n of_o marion_n weir_n first_o because_o that_o have_v a_o determine_a time_n by_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n viz._n the_o fift_v or_o 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do_v reserve_v to_o the_o special_a declarator_n how_o far_o the_o nonentry_n will_v reach_v whether_o to_o the_o retoured_a duty_n only_o or_o to_o the_o full_a rent_n but_o many_o of_o the_o lordswerc_n of_o opinion_n that_o david_n melvil_n shall_v enter_v as_o heir_n of_o tilzie_n yet_o so_o that_o if_o the_o chancellor_n have_v a_o second_o son_n he_o or_o his_o issue_n will_v succeed_v as_o heir_n of_o tailzie_n to_o david_n melvil_n and_o neither_o his_o own_o heir_n of_o line_n nor_o the_o earl_n of_o weemes_n second_n son_n because_o at_o the_o time_n of_o david_n melvil_n death_n the_o chancellor_n second_o son_n will_v be_v a_o near_a heir_n of_o tailzie_n to_o david_n than_o his_o own_o son_n as_o be_v of_o a_o prior_n branch_n of_o the_o tailzie_n feb._n 22._o 1677._o sr._n william_n bruce_n contra_fw-la david_n melvil_n but_o the_o lord_n find_v that_o the_o nonentrie_n by_o the_o special_a declarator_n can_v not_o reach_v to_o the_o full_a rent_n but_o only_o to_o the_o retoured_a duty_n see_v the_o apparent_a heir_n be_v neither_o in_o culpa_fw-la nor_o mora_fw-la which_o do_v only_o infer_v the_o full_a duty_n and_o therefore_o find_v the_o donatar_n have_v right_a to_o the_o retoured_a duty_n and_o that_o the_o remainder_n continue_v in_o haereditate_fw-la jacente_fw-la to_o be_v manage_v by_o the_o lord_n malvil_n as_o curator_n datus_fw-la bonis_fw-la of_o the_o estate_n of_o leven_n by_o the_o king_n have_v power_n to_o manage_v the_o affair_n of_o that_o estate_n as_o a_o tutor_n or_o as_o if_o a_o heir_n have_v be_v enter_v july_n 24._o 1677._o inter_fw-la eosdem_fw-la 51._o it_o come_v ofttimes_o to_o pass_v that_o through_o the_o unclear_a conception_n of_o clause_n of_o provision_n it_o become_v dubious_a who_o be_v thereby_o constitut_o foot_n and_o who_o liferenter_fw-la as_o be_v ordinary_a when_o sum_n of_o
the_o institution_n of_o the_o law_n of_o scotland_n deduce_v from_o its_o original_n and_o collate_v with_o the_o civil_a canon_n and_o feudal-law_n and_o with_o the_o custom_n of_o neighbour_a nation_n the_o first_o part_n by_o sir_n james_n dalrymple_n of_o stair_n precedent_n of_o the_o session_n edinburgh_n print_v by_o the_o heir_n of_o andrew_n anderson_n printer_n to_o his_o most_o sacred_a majesty_n anno_fw-la dom._n 1681._o to_z the_o king_n may_v it_o please_v your_o majesty_n i_o do_v humble_o present_a to_o your_o majesty_n a_o summary_n of_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o your_o ancient_a kingdom_n of_o scotland_n which_o can_v be_v no_o where_o so_o fit_o place_v as_o under_o the_o ray_n of_o your_o royal_a protection_n i_o be_o confident_a it_o will_v tend_v to_o the_o honour_n and_o renoun_n of_o your_o majesty_n and_o your_o princely_a progenitor_n that_o you_o have_v govern_v this_o nation_n so_o long_o and_o so_o happy_o by_o such_o just_a and_o convenient_a law_n 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enjoy_v their_o right_n and_o possession_n which_o by_o our_o public_a record_n be_v better_o know_v then_o any_o where_o by_o which_o we_o may_v with_o the_o great_a assurance_n trust_v our_o purchase_n see_v no_o land-right_a be_v effectual_a against_o purchaser_n by_o consent_n or_o by_o law_n but_o where_o the_o ultimate_a perfection_n thereof_o by_o seize_v or_o other_o evident_a be_v upon_o record_n in_o register_n set_v apart_o for_o the_o several_a right_n without_o mixture_n of_o any_o other_o whereof_o there_o be_v authentic_a minute-book_n keep_v with_o the_o record_n in_o each_o shire_n and_o jurisdiction_n whereby_o with_o the_o least_o pain_n or_o expense_n all_o the_o right_n affect_v any_o land_n within_o the_o course_n of_o prescription_n can_v easy_o be_v find_v we_o be_v not_o involve_v in_o the_o labyrinth_n of_o many_o and_o large_a statute_n whereof_o the_o posterior_n do_v ordinary_o abrogate_v or_o derogate_v from_o the_o prio_fw-la that_o it_o require_v a_o great_a part_n of_o a_o life_n to_o be_v prompt_a in_o all_o these_o wind_n without_o which_o no_o man_n with_o sincerity_n and_o confidence_n can_v consult_v or_o plead_v much_o less_o can_v the_o subject_n by_o their_o own_o industry_n know_v where_o to_o rest_v but_o must_v give_v more_o implicit_a faith_n to_o their_o judge_n and_o lawyer_n than_o they_o need_v or_o aught_o to_o give_v to_o their_o divine_n and_o we_o do_v always_o prefer_v the_o sense_n to_o the_o subtlety_n of_o law_n and_o do_v seldom_o trip_v by_o niecity_n or_o formality_n the_o great_a fixation_n and_o improvement_n of_o our_o law_n have_v be_v by_o the_o establishment_n of_o the_o supreme_a civil_a judicature_n of_o the_o kingdom_n by_o king_n james_n the_o five_o in_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o college_n of_o justice_n consist_v of_o fifteen_o ordinary_a senator_n in_o place_n of_o the_o king_n daily_a council_n which_o follow_v his_o residence_n and_o court_n and_o of_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n
be_v indirect_o more_o than_o the_o ordinary_a annualrent_n and_o so_o fall_v under_o the_o act_n 1597._o and_o on_o the_o other_o that_o improper_a wodsetts_n be_v there_o express_v and_o proper_a wodsetts_n seem_v ex_fw-la proposito_fw-la omit_v and_o in_o proper_a wodsetts_n all_o hazard_n lie_v upon_o the_o wodsetter_n of_o set_v the_o land_n of_o dead_a poor_a and_o waste_a we_o shall_v leave_v this_o to_o every_o man_n private_a judgement_n till_o public_a judgement_n cast_v the_o balance_n but_o all_o proper_a wodsetts_n before_o 1661._o be_v restrict_v to_o the_o annualrent_a by_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1661._o cap._n 62._o if_o upon_o offer_n of_o security_n the_o wodsetter_n will_v not_o quite_o possession_n he_o be_v countable_a from_o the_o offer_n as_o have_v be_v often_o decide_v since_o that_o act._n there_o use_v also_o in_o wodsetts_n and_o reversion_n to_o be_v include_v a_o condition_n to_o set_v the_o wodsett_n land_n for_o such_o time_n to_o begin_v after_o redemption_n which_o if_o it_o be_v far_o within_o the_o true_a worth_n be_v usurary_n and_o be_v declare_v so_o parl._n 1449._o cap._n 19_o that_o land_n provide_v to_o be_v set_v for_o tack_n not_o near_o the_o true_a worth_n the_o same_o shall_v not_o be_v keep_v yet_o such_o a_o tack_v be_v sustain_v see_v the_o wodsetter_n have_v not_o his_o full_a annualrent_n by_o reason_n of_o a_o liferent_a reserve_v in_o the_o wodsett_n and_o the_o wodsetter_n be_v the_o constituents_a brother_n and_o so_o like_a to_o be_v for_o his_o portion_n natural_a whereof_o the_o tack_v be_v a_o part_n june_n 21._o 1662._o laird_n of_o polwart_n contra_fw-la home_n but_o in_o other_o case_n such_o a_o tack_v be_v find_v null_a by_o the_o say_a act_n but_o not_o by_o the_o act_n betwixt_o debtor_n and_o creditor_n february_n 15._o 1666._o my_o lord_n ley_n contra_fw-la porteous_n 75._o this_o much_o for_o usury_n of_o annualrent_a by_o contract_n or_o paction_n it_o be_v also_o due_a of_o the_o law_n and_o by_o the_o obligation_n of_o recompense_n and_o reparation_n and_o in_o the_o civil_a law_n in_o all_o contract_v bonae_fw-la fidei_fw-la it_o be_v due_a ex_fw-la mora_fw-la by_o the_o delay_n of_o the_o debtor_n which_o be_v understand_v after_o he_o be_v require_v for_o the_o same_o or_o that_o the_o term_n be_v past_a nam_fw-la dies_fw-la interpellat_n pro_fw-la homine_fw-la and_o in_o other_o contract_n by_o litiscontestation_n but_o our_o custom_n have_v little_a use_n of_o that_o distinction_n neither_o follow_v it_o that_o rule_n but_o where_o annualrent_a be_v not_o agree_v first_o ordinary_o it_o be_v not_o due_a till_o horning_n be_v use_v against_o the_o debtor_n and_o that_o by_o a_o special_a statute_n 1621._o cap._n 20._o yea_o though_o the_o horning_n be_v not_o registrat_n and_o so_o null_a as_o to_o escheat_n it_o be_v find_v valid_a as_o to_o the_o annualrent_a july_n 16._o 1673._o isabel_n ker_n contra_fw-la parochioner_n of_o moramside_n but_o it_o be_v find_v not_o competent_a by_o way_n of_o special_a charge_n in_o the_o suspension_n of_o the_o principal_a debt_n but_o ordinary_o by_o ordinary_a action_n july_n 2._o 1629._o purveyance_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o craigie_n where_o dury_n his_o opinion_n be_v that_o if_o the_o charger_n have_v raise_v horning_n upon_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n it_o will_v have_v be_v sustain_v summary_o and_o be_v now_o ordinary_o sustain_v summary_o by_o a_o special_a charge_n when_o the_o sum_n be_v charge_v for_o or_o suspend_v but_o it_o be_v once_o due_a it_o not_o only_o continue_v during_o the_o life_n of_o the_o person_n denounce_v but_o still_o thereafter_o till_o payment_n july_n 4._o 1642._o huntley_n contra_fw-la heir_n of_o mr._n john_n manson_n 2._o annualrent_a provide_v by_o a_o bond_n for_o one_o year_n though_o it_o express_v not_o for_o all_o year_n thereafter_o yet_o continue_v due_a till_o payment_n decemb._n 2._o 1628._o blair_n contra_fw-la ramsay_n the_o like_a where_o one_o term_n be_v only_o in_o the_o bond_n spot_n usury_n keith_n contra_fw-la bruce_n and_o where_o annualrent_a be_v promise_v for_o a_o time_n by_o a_o letter_n it_o be_v find_v still_o due_a till_o payment_n january_n 13._o 1669._o george_n home_n contra_fw-la seaton_n of_o menzies_n 3._o it_o be_v due_a by_o use_n of_o payment_n only_o without_o express_a paction_n march_v 4._o 1628._o forrester_n contra_fw-la clerk_n 4._o annualrent_a be_v ordain_v to_o be_v due_a to_o cautioner_n by_o their_o principal_n for_o sum_n pay_v by_o they_o as_o cautioner_n by_o the_o clause_n of_o relief_n as_o be_v damange_n and_o interest_n though_o the_o bond_n bear_v no_o annualrent_n by_o statute_n of_o session_n decemb._n 21._o 1620._o hope_v usury_n torry_n contra_fw-la dowhill_n dec._n 4._o 1629._o 〈◊〉_d contra_fw-la johnstoun_n where_o the_o clause_n of_o relief_n bear_v only_o to_o relieve_v the_o cautioner_n of_o his_o caution_n and_o not_o of_o all_o damage_n the_o like_a though_o there_o be_v no_o further_a distress_n against_o the_o cautioner_n but_o registration_n january_n 24._o 1627._o i._o wauchton_n contra_fw-la l._n of_o innerweek_n and_o this_o be_v extend_v to_o co-principals_a have_v clause_n of_o mutual_a relief_n of_o cost_n skaith_o etc._n etc._n novemb_n 15._o 1627._o black_a of_o largo_n contra_fw-la william_n dick._n 5._o annualrent_a be_v due_a without_o paction_n by_o tutor_n and_o curator_n to_o their_o pupil_n of_o which_o former_o in_o the_o obligation_n betwixt_o they_o 6._o annualrent_a be_v find_v due_a without_o paction_n by_o a_o heir-male_n for_o the_o portion_n of_o the_o heir-female_a though_o not_o require_v for_o many_o year_n and_o that_o still_o from_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n july_n 5._o 1610._o calhound_n contra_fw-la l._n of_o luss._n the_o like_a by_o a_o husband_n who_o be_v oblige_v to_o his_o wife_n for_o the_o annualrent_a of_o the_o tocher_n payable_a by_o the_o father_n though_o the_o tocher_n be_v never_o pay_v hope_v husband_n and_o wife_n baird_n contra_fw-la gordoun_n spot_n usury_n mr._n john_n skeen_n contra_fw-la mr._n john_n hart._n 7._o annualrent_a be_v find_v due_a for_o the_o price_n of_o land_n possess_v by_o the_o buyer_n without_o paction_n hope_v usury_n mr._n james_n stirling_n contra_fw-la mr._n david_n ogilvy_n february_n 17._o 1624._o dury_n of_o that_o ilk_fw-mi contra_fw-la lord_n ramsay_n the_o like_a though_o the_o delay_n of_o payment_n be_v not_o the_o debtor_n salt_n november_n 14._o 1628._o cuming_n contra_fw-la cuming_n spot_n usury_n home_n contra_fw-la laird_n rentoun_n annualrent_a be_v not_o find_v due_a without_o paction_n for_o a_o sum_n lend_v to_o a_o old_a man_n on_o condition_n that_o if_o he_o die_v without_o heir_n the_o creditor_n shall_v become_v the_o debtor_n heir_n and_o yet_o he_o have_v heir_n annualrent_a be_v not_o find_v due_a decemb._n 11._o 1662._o george_n logie_n contra_fw-la logie_n but_o the_o lord_n do_v sometime_o allow_v annualrent_a or_o a_o equivalent_a expense_n among_o merchant_n and_o they_o do_v so_o in_o a_o provision_n by_o a_o father_n to_o his_o natural_a daughter_n payable_a at_o her_o marriage_n which_o be_v find_v so_o favourable_a not_o to_o hasten_v she_o to_o marry_v that_o annualrent_n be_v allow_v she_o see_v the_o condition_n be_v in_o her_o power_n june_n 25._o 1664._o margaret_n inglis_n contra_fw-la thomas_n inglis_n the_o roman_n allow_v annual_a till_o it_o equal_v the_o principal_a but_o no_o further_o but_o our_o custom_n have_v no_o such_o restriction_n yet_o we_o restrict_n the_o english_a double_a bond_n to_o the_o single_a sum_n and_o annualrent_a thereof_o but_o no_o further_o then_o till_o it_o be_v equivalent_a to_o the_o principal_a see_v by_o the_o tenor_n of_o such_o bond_n it_o appear_v the_o meaning_n of_o the_o party_n that_o no_o more_o shall_v be_v demand_v in_o any_o case_n january_n 2._o 1679._o sir_n alexander_n frazer_n and_o leyes_n burnet_n contra_fw-la sir_n james_n hamiltoun_n annual_a upon_o annual_a be_v condemn_v of_o all_o when_o it_o be_v comprehend_v in_o the_o first_o paction_n but_o it_o be_v ordinar_n by_o posterior_n contract_n to_o accumulate_v annualrent_n and_o make_v it_o a_o principal_a and_o so_o both_o that_o which_o be_v first_o principal_a and_o that_o which_o be_v once_o annual_a bear_v annual_a so_o also_o annual_a by_o virtue_n of_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n if_o decreet_a follow_v thereupon_o and_o horning_n will_v bear_v annual_a see_v there_o be_v no_o limitation_n but_o this_o will_v not_o be_v extend_v to_o annual_n in_o time_n come_v after_o the_o horning_n and_o last_o annualrent_a pay_v by_o a_o cautioner_n by_o the_o say_a statute_n of_o session_n will_v bear_v annual_a because_o to_o he_o it_o be_v a_o principal_n annualrent_a be_v also_o find_v due_a without_o paction_n for_o money_n expend_v by_o the_o custom_n of_o bourdeaux_n decemb._n 8._o 1677._o antonieta_n peron_n contra_fw-la morison_n to_o return_v to_o location_n all_o thing_n may_v
testament_n that_o she_o have_v pay_v the_o tocher_n february_n 16._o 1671._o marrion_n dod_n contra_fw-la laurence_n scot._n payment_n be_v always_o presume_v by_o retire_v of_o the_o principal_a bond_n chyrographum_fw-la apud_fw-la debitorem_fw-la repertum_fw-la presumitur_fw-la solutum_fw-la and_o therefore_o missive_n or_o narrative_n in_o other_o write_v will_v not_o instruct_v where_o the_o principal_a write_v itself_o be_v not_o produce_v and_o therefore_o be_v hold_v as_o retire_v albeit_o these_o be_v adminicle_n to_o prove_v the_o tenor_n if_o the_o casus_fw-la amissionis_fw-la be_v so_o far_o instruct_v as_o to_o take_v off_o the_o presumption_n that_o the_o write_v be_v retire_v payment_n make_v indefinite_o by_o a_o debtor_n for_o several_a sum_n be_v general_o ascribe_v to_o any_o of_o these_o sum_n that_o the_o debtor_n please_v to_o apply_v because_o the_o case_n of_o the_o debtor_n be_v favourable_a and_o the_o creditor_n grant_v a_o receipt_n indefinite_o it_o be_v interpret_v against_o he_o the_o matter_n remain_v entire_a as_o it_o be_v the_o time_n of_o the_o receipt_n but_o where_o the_o debtor_n become_v bankrupt_a after_o the_o indefinite_a receipt_n the_o famine_n be_v not_o find_v applicable_a to_o a_o sum_n have_v caution_n there_o be_v another_o sum_n which_o have_v no_o caution_n which_o will_v be_v lose_v by_o that_o application_n february_n 2._o 1680._o samuel_n moncref_n contra_fw-la donald_n cameron_n but_o where_o the_o debtor_n make_v no_o application_n but_o his_o creditor_n or_o singular_a successor_n do_v count_v for_o the_o application_n presumitur_fw-la in_o duriorem_fw-la sortem_fw-la as_o if_o for_o one_o debt_n there_o be_v a_o band_n bear_v annualrent_a and_o another_o debt_n bear_v no_o annualrent_n the_o indefinite_a receipt_n be_v to_o be_v impute_v to_o the_o bond_n bear_v annualrent_a or_o where_o the_o one_o security_n have_v a_o great_a penalty_n legal_a or_o conventional_a in_o case_n of_o not_o payment_n as_o appryse_v or_o adjudication_n whereof_o the_o legal_a be_v near_o to_o expire_v 4._o consignation_n in_o case_n of_o the_o absence_n lurk_v or_o refusal_n of_o the_o creditor_n be_v equivalent_a to_o payment_n and_o where_o it_o be_v not_o otherways_o agree_v with_o we_o it_o be_v ordinary_o do_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o clerk_n of_o the_o bill_n by_o way_n of_o suspension_n and_o it_o stop_v the_o run_v of_o annual_n and_o all_o other_o inconvenience_n upon_o the_o debtor_n and_o the_o consigner_n be_v free_a though_o that_o which_o be_v consign_v be_v lose_v by_o the_o keeper_n be_v bankrupt_a or_o otherways_o if_o it_o be_v the_o creditor_n fault_n who_o charge_v for_o more_o than_o be_v due_a as_o if_o he_o charge_v for_o the_o whole_a penalty_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v modify_v and_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n in_o that_o case_n to_o offer_v what_o be_v due_a but_o if_o the_o fault_n be_v the_o consigner_n if_o the_o money_n be_v lose_v it_o be_v lose_v to_o he_o as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o galloway_n and_o 〈◊〉_d of_o kilkerran_n it_o be_v also_o find_v that_o a_o sum_n comsign_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o clerk_n of_o the_o bill_n upon_o obtain_v suspension_n the_o consigner_n have_v first_o offer_v by_o instrument_n the_o principal_a sum_n and_o annualrent_n and_o so_o much_o of_o the_o penalty_n as_o the_o charger_n will_v depone_n he_o have_v true_o deburse_v upon_o oath_n the_o instrument_n be_v also_o instruct_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o witness_n insert_v the_o consigner_n be_v declare_v free_a though_o the_o then_o clerk_n of_o the_o bill_n be_v become_v insolvent_a july_n 28._o 1665._o bessie_n scot_n contra_fw-la somervail_n so_o that_o in_o consignation_n of_o sum_n for_o which_o there_o be_v a_o charge_n of_o horning_n if_o the_o charge_n be_v for_o more_o than_o what_o be_v due_a consignation_n may_v be_v warrantable_o make_v without_o offer_n of_o what_o be_v due_a but_o other_o way_n the_o offer_n of_o what_o be_v due_a shall_v proceed_v else_o the_o peril_n be_v the_o consigner_n if_o the_o sum_n consign_v be_v lose_v but_o if_o when_o the_o consignation_n be_v authore_fw-la pretore_fw-la either_o by_o deliverance_n of_o the_o lord_n or_o by_o the_o ordinar_n pass_a bill_n of_o suspension_n upon_o consignation_n it_o stop_v the_o course_n of_o annual_n because_o there_o be_v always_o a_o several_a reason_n of_o suspension_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v relevant_a though_o consignation_n will_v make_v it_o pass_v without_o instruction_n for_o then_o consignation_n be_v only_o for_o the_o creditor_n security_n in_o place_n of_o caution_n and_o see_v the_o creditor_n may_v quick_o discuss_v the_o suspension_n and_o will_v be_v hear_v to_o answer_v summary_o upon_o the_o bill_n albeit_o at_o discuss_v the_o reason_n be_v not_o find_v relevant_a or_o not_o instruct_v annual_n be_v not_o decern_v after_o the_o consignation_n be_v modica_fw-la mora_fw-la yet_o if_o the_o sum_n be_v lose_v the_o peril_n will_v be_v the_o consigner_n not_o have_v first_o offer_v all_o that_o be_v due_a by_o instrument_n and_o though_o the_o creditor_n be_v uncertain_a lurk_a or_o out_o of_o the_o country_n the_o lord_n upon_o supplication_n will_v grant_v letter_n of_o requisition_n and_o offer_n to_o be_v execute_v at_o the_o cross_n of_o edinburgh_n and_o peer_n of_o leith_n where_o all_o man_n be_v presume_v to_o have_v procurator_n to_o answer_v for_o they_o tanquam_fw-la in_o communipatria_fw-la but_o if_o a_o offer_n be_v make_v of_o all_o that_o be_v due_a and_o not_o accept_v it_o be_v a_o relevant_a reason_n of_o suspension_n upon_o production_n of_o the_o instrument_n and_o consign_v the_o principal_a and_o annual_a though_o no_o part_n of_o the_o expense_n be_v consign_v till_o they_o be_v modify_v if_o the_o consigner_n reason_n be_v find_v relevant_a and_o instruct_v the_o charge_n will_v be_v suspend_v simpliciter_fw-la and_o the_o decreet_a will_v contain_v warrant_n to_o the_o clerk_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o deliver_v up_o the_o consign_v sum_n to_o the_o suspender_n who_o must_v bear_v the_o expense_n of_o consignation_n but_o if_o the_o suspender_n be_v in_o mora_fw-la aut_fw-la culpa_fw-la as_o if_o he_o do_v not_o consign_v the_o expense_n modify_v by_o the_o lord_n whereby_o the_o charger_n will_v be_v put_v to_o a_o new_a charge_n he_o must_v bear_v the_o expense_n of_o consignation_n yet_o a_o sheriff_n have_v charge_v a_o heritor_n for_o the_o king_n taxation_n albeit_o at_o discuss_v it_o be_v find_v he_o have_v charge_v for_o more_o than_o be_v due_a the_o expense_n of_o the_o consignation_n be_v lay_v upon_o the_o heretor_fw-la see_v he_o do_v not_o offer_v what_o be_v due_a for_o in_o that_o case_n the_o sheriff_n may_v proceed_v by_o general_a letter_n as_o he_o be_v inform_v and_o be_v not_o in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o creditor_n charge_v for_o his_o own_o debt_n which_o he_o can_v not_o but_o distinct_o know_v but_o if_o a_o assignay_n or_o singular_a successor_n charge_v for_o more_o than_o be_v due_a the_o hazard_n will_v not_o be_v his_o who_o may_v be_v ignorant_a of_o his_o cedent_n discharge_v and_o therefore_o the_o suspender_n ought_v to_o produce_v to_o he_o the_o discharge_v and_o offer_v to_o he_o what_o be_v due_a which_o if_o he_o omit_v the_o hazard_n will_v be_v his_o as_o to_o the_o obliegement_n upon_o the_o consignatar_n these_o shall_v more_o proper_o come_v in_o with_o redemption_n of_o wodsetts_n where_o consignation_n be_v most_o frequent_a 5._o acceptilation_n be_v the_o solution_n of_o a_o obligation_n by_o acceptance_n of_o that_o which_o be_v not_o the_o direct_a performance_n of_o the_o obligation_n in_o satisfaction_n thereof_o either_o real_o or_o imaginarly_a by_o acknowledgement_n thereof_o as_o if_o it_o be_v true_o perform_v the_o roman_n do_v only_o allow_v acceptilation_n as_o a_o liberation_n from_o stipulation_n and_o therefore_o before_o any_o other_o obligation_n can_v be_v dissolve_v by_o acceptilation_n it_o behove_v to_o be_v innovat_fw-la by_o a_o stipulation_n engage_v for_o the_o same_o matter_n and_o the_o acceptilation_n itself_o can_v only_o be_v by_o stipulation_n by_o the_o interrogation_n of_o the_o debtor_n quod_fw-la ex_fw-la tali_fw-la stipulatione_fw-la debeo_fw-la acceptum_fw-la fer_n to_o which_o the_o creditor_n answer_v acceptum_fw-la fero_fw-la whence_o it_o have_v the_o name_n of_o acceptilatio_fw-la express_v a_o acknowledgement_n of_o the_o receive_n and_o accept_v of_o the_o performance_n of_o the_o obligation_n and_o of_o present_a bear_n and_o have_v the_o same_o which_o be_v valid_a and_o effectual_a though_o the_o creditor_n neither_o then_o nor_o before_o have_v receive_v any_o performance_n of_o the_o obligation_n and_o need_v no_o other_o probation_n nor_o do_v it_o admit_v of_o a_o contrary_a probation_n that_o nothing_o be_v true_o receive_v in_o respect_n that_o the_o sole_a will_n of_o the_o creditor_n may_v evacuat_v the_o obligation_n by_o discharge_n or_o
with_o industry_n and_o preserve_v with_o earnestness_n 32._o four_o when_o man_n increase_v upon_o the_o earth_n and_o society_n become_v to_o be_v erect_v they_o possess_v whole_a country_n and_o divide_v they_o among_o they_o by_o meith_n and_o march_n and_o when_o any_o one_o of_o they_o swell_v to_o that_o greatness_n that_o their_o territory_n can_v not_o contain_v they_o either_o the_o whole_a or_o the_o excreass_n of_o they_o remove_v to_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n not_o then_o inhabit_v and_o fix_v seat_n for_o themselves_o though_o the_o unjust_a ambition_n of_o some_o of_o they_o make_v they_o expel_v other_o yet_o that_o as_o contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v also_o abhor_v and_o give_v occasion_n to_o the_o rest_n from_o that_o same_o law_n to_o concur_v with_o and_o maintain_v the_o oppress_v so_o that_o almost_o the_o whole_a face_n of_o the_o earth_n become_v change_v from_o its_o original_a community_n and_o there_o be_v a_o tacit_a consent_n of_o division_n and_o property_n establish_v throughout_o the_o world_n except_o some_o barbarous_a nation_n and_o nothing_o be_v leave_v common_a that_o can_v be_v proper_a but_o the_o few_o way_n of_o community_n of_o which_o before_o do_v only_o remain_v in_o which_o division_n and_o appropriation_n this_o also_o be_v employ_v by_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o nation_n that_o what_o be_v possess_v or_o appropriate_v by_o none_o or_o relinquish_v be_v not_o now_o common_a to_o all_o but_o hold_v as_o belong_v to_o none_o that_o by_o possession_n it_o may_v be_v appropriate_a 33._o and_o therefore_o five_o property_n be_v introduce_v by_o possession_n of_o thing_n which_o be_v simple_o void_a and_o belong_v to_o none_o and_o that_o without_o limitation_n this_o be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o their_o common_a consent_n whence_o be_v that_o principle_n quod_fw-la nullius_fw-la est_fw-la fit_a occupantis_fw-la and_o this_o way_n of_o appropriation_n differ_v from_o the_o first_o way_n whereby_o thing_n common_a or_o their_o fruit_n become_v proper_a by_o seizure_n and_o possession_n for_o that_o be_v a_o effect_n of_o the_o native_a community_n be_v with_o this_o limitation_n employ_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o community_n that_o one_o may_v seize_v upon_o no_o more_o than_o their_o use_n require_v without_o hurt_n to_o the_o rest_n who_o enjoy_v that_o same_o community_n as_o in_o a_o theatre_n which_o be_v common_a to_o a_o city_n every_o citizen_n as_o he_o come_v may_v possess_v a_o place_n for_o himself_o by_o stand_v or_o sit_v there_o but_o he_o may_v not_o along_o if_o thereby_o other_o of_o the_o society_n may_v be_v hinder_v to_o be_v present_a and_o behold_v so_o if_o property_n now_o be_v but_o the_o effect_n of_o that_o original_a community_n when_o the_o earth_n be_v so_o straighten_a with_o the_o increase_n of_o man_n it_o will_v be_v the_o ground_n of_o perpetual_a contention_n and_o war_n that_o the_o possession_n of_o some_o be_v unequal_a and_o exceed_v and_o other_o have_v not_o enough_o therefore_o for_o preservation_n of_o the_o common_a peace_n of_o mankind_n the_o custom_n and_o consent_n of_o nation_n have_v allow_v property_n of_o thing_n void_a by_o occupation_n without_o any_o further_a debate_n all_o these_o way_n of_o appropriation_n be_v by_o possession_n or_o occupation_n and_o thus_o be_v all_o free_a creature_n appropriate_a as_o fowl_n of_o the_o air_n wild_a beast_n of_o the_o earth_n fish_n of_o the_o sea_n without_o distinction_n upon_o who_o ground_n they_o be_v take_v and_o though_o man_n may_v be_v hinder_v to_o come_v within_o the_o ground_n of_o other_o there_o be_v now_o no_o ground_n for_o passage_n only_o upon_o account_n of_o hunt_v halk_a or_o fish_v yea_o though_o in_o some_o nation_n the_o use_n of_o some_o of_o these_o free_a creature_n be_v prohibit_v to_o any_o but_o to_o the_o sovereign_a power_n yet_o the_o personal_a restraint_n hinder_v not_o but_o he_o who_o seize_v upon_o any_o wild_a creature_n in_o another_o man_n bound_n it_o become_v his_o own_o though_o he_o be_v punishable_a for_o that_o trespass_n and_o positive_a law_n may_v make_v a_o part_n of_o the_o punishment_n to_o be_v the_o loss_n of_o what_o he_o have_v take_v so_o likewise_o it_o be_v the_o first_o seizure_n that_o introduce_v property_n and_o not_o the_o first_o attempt_n and_o prosecution_n as_o he_o who_o pursue_v or_o wound_v a_o wild_a beast_n a_o fowl_n or_o fish_n be_v not_o thereby_o proprietar_n unless_o he_o have_v bring_v it_o within_o his_o power_n as_o if_o he_o have_v kill_v it_o or_o wound_v it_o to_o death_n or_o otherways_o give_v the_o effectual_a cause_n whereby_o it_o can_v use_v its_o native_a freedom_n as_o at_o the_o whale_n fish_v at_o greenland_n he_o that_o wound_v a_o whale_n so_o that_o she_o can_v keep_v the_o sea_n for_o the_o smart_n of_o her_o wound_n and_o so_o must_v needs_o come_v to_o land_n be_v proprietar_n and_o not_o he_o that_o lay_v first_o hand_n on_o she_o at_o land_n though_o the_o fall_n in_o upon_o another_o game_n when_o he_o alone_o be_v in_o prosecution_n may_v be_v 〈◊〉_d civility_n or_o injury_n yet_o it_o hinder_v not_o the_o constitution_n of_o property_n though_o it_o be_v a_o just_a ground_n to_o annul_v the_o right_n of_o the_o first_o possessor_n and_o make_v he_o restore_v to_o the_o first_o prosecutor_n if_o he_o continue_v his_o pursuit_n with_o a_o probability_n to_o reach_v his_o prey_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o last_o dutch_a war_n a_o frigate_n of_o the_o king_n called_z the_o nightingale_n and_o a_o french_a frigate_n be_v then_o auxiliary_a to_o the_o king_n in_o that_o war_n have_v rencounter_v a_o dutch_a privateer_n who_o have_v possess_v and_o man_v three_o pryze_n and_o have_v debel_v he_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o prize_n make_v sail_v to_o escape_v while_o the_o two_o frigate_n be_v take_v two_o of_o these_o pryze_n a_o scotish_n privateer_n atack_v the_o three_o called_z the_o tortoice_n and_o make_v her_o strict_a sail_n but_o not_o know_v whether_o the_o other_o frigate_n be_v friend_n or_o foe_n at_o such_o a_o distance_n do_v not_o board_v she_o till_o they_o come_v near_o the_o french_a frigate_n be_v near_o than_o the_o english_a frigate_n both_o the_o french_a frigate_n and_o the_o scotish_n privateer_n claim_v the_o tortoice_n as_o their_o prize_n the_o english_a captain_n send_v the_o prize_n to_o leith_n and_o declare_v the_o case_n under_o his_o hand_n whereupon_o the_o admiral_n adjudge_v the_o tortoice_n prize_n to_o rankine_n the_o scotish_n privateer_n and_o the_o matter_n be_v bring_v before_o the_o lord_n by_o reduction_n the_o french_a privateer_n pursue_v not_o but_o the_o king_n advocate_n the_o lord_n find_v that_o the_o frigate_n under_o the_o king_n pay_v have_v defeat_n the_o dutch_a privateer_n who_o be_v possess_v of_o the_o tortoice_n and_o be_v in_o view_n and_o prosecution_n of_o she_o that_o rankins_n capture_z and_o possession_n be_v injurious_a otherways_o then_o to_o assist_v the_o first_o attacker_n unless_o it_o be_v prove_v that_o the_o prize_n will_v have_v escape_v if_o it_o have_v not_o be_v stop_v and_o force_v to_o strict_a sail_n to_o captain_n rankine_n february_n 15._o 1667._o king_n advocate_n contra_fw-la captain_n rankine_n the_o creature_n be_v understand_v to_o be_v free_a while_o they_o be_v not_o within_o the_o power_n of_o any_o but_o fish_n within_o pond_n be_v proper_a and_o fowl_n though_o never_o so_o wild_a while_o the_o be_v in_o custody_n among_o these_o free_a creature_n these_o which_o be_v tame_a be_v not_o comprehend_v but_o only_o these_o which_o be_v wild_a which_o if_o they_o be_v tame_v contrary_a their_o nature_n be_v so_o long_o proper_a as_o their_o tameness_n remain_v but_o if_o they_o return_v to_o their_o ancient_a wildness_n the_o property_n thereof_o be_v lose_v so_o soon_o as_o the_o owner_n cease_v to_o pursue_v for_o possession_n it_o be_v so_o long_o continue_v or_o understand_v to_o be_v continue_v by_o the_o mind_n have_v once_o begin_v by_o bodily_a act_n and_o therefore_o prosecution_n of_o wild_a creature_n will_v not_o begin_v though_o it_o may_v continue_v the_o property_n of_o they_o bee_n be_v number_v among_o these_o wild_a creature_n which_o therefore_o be_v not_o proper_a though_o they_o hive_n on_o tree_n more_o than_o fowl_n who_o set_v their_o nest_n thereupon_o but_o if_o they_o be_v within_o a_o skep_n or_o work_v in_o the_o hollow_a of_o a_o tree_n wall_n or_o in_o a_o house_n they_o be_v proper_a or_o while_o they_o hive_n or_o fly_v away_o be_v pursue_v by_o the_o proprietar_n but_o thereafter_o they_o belong_v to_o he_o who_o next_o get_v they_o in_o his_o power_n as_o also_o these_o who_o be_v tame_v and_o become_v wild_a become_v they_o who_o regain_v and_o tame_v they_o again_o and_o return_v not_o to_o their_o first_o owner_n thus_o be_v
by_o their_o warrant_n or_o commission_n to_o seize_v upon_o the_o good_n of_o all_o person_n under_o the_o dominion_n of_o such_o prince_n or_o people_n who_o have_v refuse_v to_o make_v just_a reparation_n for_o the_o wrong_n and_o damage_n do_v by_o any_o of_o their_o subject_n which_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n do_v just_o and_o necessary_o allow_v for_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n for_o if_o private_a person_n be_v injure_v by_o these_o who_o be_v not_o under_o one_o common_a authority_n with_o they_o by_o piracy_n pillage_n or_o otherways_o ofttimes_o they_o can_v know_v the_o injurer_n and_o all_o force_n be_v state_v in_o public_a authority_n they_o can_v make_v use_n thereof_o to_o redress_v or_o revenge_v themselves_o and_o therefore_o they_o can_v only_o make_v application_n to_o the_o sovereign_a authority_n of_o that_o society_n of_o people_n whereof_o they_o be_v member_n and_o represent_v and_o instruct_v the_o injury_n and_o damage_n sustain_v by_o they_o by_o the_o subject_n of_o other_o prince_n or_o state_n and_o thereupon_o desire_v that_o a_o redress_n may_v be_v demand_v which_o be_v ordinary_o do_v by_o ambassador_n or_o other_o minister_n of_o state_n and_o if_o redress_n be_v not_o so_o obtain_v the_o sovereign_a authority_n of_o the_o person_n injure_v may_v and_o aught_o to_o give_v commission_n for_o seize_v upon_o the_o good_n of_o any_o of_o the_o people_n of_o that_o society_n whereof_o the_o injurer_n be_v member_n till_o just_a satisfaction_n and_o reparation_n be_v obtain_v and_o though_o there_o be_v that_o singularity_n in_o it_o that_o the_o good_n of_o these_o who_o do_v not_o the_o injury_n be_v take_v to_o satisfy_v the_o same_o yet_o therein_o there_o be_v not_o only_a necessity_n but_o moral_a justice_n allow_v and_o approven_v by_o the_o custom_n of_o all_o nation_n by_o their_o common_a consent_n for_o without_o this_o society_n can_v not_o be_v preserve_v and_o therefore_o the_o public_a association_n of_o people_n imply_v this_o in_o it_o that_o the_o society_n be_v liable_a for_o reparation_n of_o the_o injury_n and_o damage_n of_o any_o of_o their_o society_n when_o reparation_n be_v refuse_v reprysal_n ought_v to_o be_v limit_v to_o a_o just_a satisfaction_n and_o therefore_o what_o be_v thereby_o seize_v aught_o to_o be_v adjndged_a in_o court_n of_o admiralty_n wherein_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v prove_v that_o the_o good_n seize_v belong_v to_o person_n of_o that_o society_n of_o which_o the_o injurer_n be_v a_o member_n and_o to_o be_v value_v according_a to_o the_o rate_n they_o be_v worth_a where_o they_o be_v bring_v in_o and_o to_o be_v adjudge_v in_o satisfaction_n to_o the_o injure_a of_o their_o damage_n and_o interest_n in_o whole_a or_o in_o part_n so_o that_o the_o excress_n shall_v be_v forthco_n ming_z to_o the_o owner_n thereof_o and_o so_o soon_o as_o satisfaction_n be_v obtain_v the_o reprysal_n ought_v to_o ceass_n neither_o do_v the_o usemaking_a of_o reprysal_n in_o this_o just_a order_n and_o measure_n import_v the_o breach_n of_o treaty_n or_o common_a peace_n or_o infer_v public_a war_n though_o they_o may_v become_v the_o occasion_n thereof_o 43._o but_o where_o the_o injury_n be_v public_a and_o attrocious_a the_o law_n of_o nation_n have_v necessary_o and_o just_o allow_v public_a war_n not_o only_o to_o reach_v the_o moveable_n of_o public_a enemy_n but_o their_o territory_n jurisdiction_n and_o estate_n wherein_o the_o proportion_n of_o satisfaction_n can_v be_v so_o measure_v nor_o be_v it_o so_o consider_v as_o in_o reprysal_n that_o which_o accrue_v to_o private_a person_n in_o war_n be_v only_o the_o give_v of_o quarter_n or_o get_v of_o spoil_n in_o so_o far_o as_o the_o same_o be_v allow_v or_o permit_v by_o the_o commander_n in_o chief_a warrant_v by_o public_a authority_n as_o be_v ordinar_n to_o the_o soldier_n upon_o defate_n of_o their_o enemy_n to_o seize_v upon_o and_o appropriate_v such_o moveable_n as_o be_v upon_o their_o enemy_n person_n or_o in_o their_o baggage_n and_o sometime_o for_o the_o encourage_n of_o soldier_n besiege_v and_o for_o the_o obstinacy_n of_o the_o besiege_a the_o plunder_v of_o place_n gain_v by_o force_n be_v for_o some_o time_n permit_v and_o cease_v so_o soon_o as_o countermand_v in_o other_o case_n what_o belong_v to_o enemy_n be_v confiscate_v for_o public_a use_n and_o soldier_n ought_v to_o be_v content_v with_o their_o wage_n 44._o the_o main_a private_a interest_n in_o public_a war_n be_v that_o which_o accrue_v by_o commission_n grant_v by_o the_o admiral_n for_o seize_v and_o appropriate_v of_o the_o ship_n and_o good_n of_o public_a enemy_n and_o of_o these_o who_o become_v partaker_n of_o the_o war_n and_o who_o carry_v not_o themselves_o as_o friend_n or_o newter_n to_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n engage_v in_o the_o war_n for_o by_o our_o custom_n albeit_o such_o ship_n and_o good_n be_v confiscate_v as_o public_a belong_v to_o the_o king_n or_o state_n yet_o private_a person_n who_o undertake_v these_o commission_n have_v the_o expense_n and_o profit_n of_o these_o seazure_n pay_v a_o fifteen_o part_n thereof_o to_o the_o king_n and_o a_o ten_o part_n to_o the_o admiral_n there_o have_v be_v many_o question_n as_o to_o the_o right_n and_o interest_n of_o ally_n and_o newter_n very_o full_o and_o accurat_o debate_v and_o decide_v in_o the_o session_n upon_o occasion_n of_o the_o late_a war_n betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o the_o state_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n which_o because_o they_o be_v of_o great_a use_n for_o clear_v the_o important_a point_n that_o occur_v in_o these_o controversy_n and_o for_o vindicate_v of_o the_o public_a justice_n of_o the_o kingdom_n we_o shall_v in_o the_o clear_a and_o short_a method_n we_o can_v give_v account_n of_o what_o have_v be_v determine_v in_o all_o the_o pryze_n which_o come_v before_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n in_o these_o war_n the_o lord_n admiral_n of_o scotland_n be_v the_o judge_n ordinar_n and_o the_o sole_a judge_n in_o the_o first_o instance_n of_o all_o prize_v take_v at_o sea_n but_o in_o the_o second_o instance_n the_o lord_n of_o session_n who_o be_v the_o supreme_a judge_n in_o all_o civil_a cause_n in_o scotland_n which_o be_v not_o determine_v by_o or_o depend_v before_o the_o parliament_n or_o their_o commissioner_n do_v upon_o complaint_n of_o iniquity_n commit_v by_o the_o admiral_n before_o final_a sentence_n advocate_n such_o cause_n wherein_o they_o find_v probable_a ground_n of_o iniquity_n allege_v and_o instruct_v or_o in_o the_o second_o instance_n after_o sentence_n do_v grant_v letter_n of_o suspension_n or_o reduction_n of_o the_o admiral_n decreet_n whereupon_o all_o intricat_a and_o difficile_a question_n in_o matter_n of_o pryze_n come_v to_o be_v debate_v and_o determine_v by_o the_o lord_n there_o be_v no_o question_n when_o the_o good_n and_o ship_n seize_v on_o belong_v to_o enemy_n but_o only_o when_o they_o do_v belong_v or_o be_v pretend_v to_o belong_v to_o ally_n or_o newter_n the_o lord_n upon_o complaint_n of_o iniquity_n commit_v by_o the_o admiral_n it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o lord_n be_v not_o judge_n in_o the_o matter_n of_o pryze_n in_o the_o first_o instance_n yet_o they_o find_v both_o by_o the_o amplitude_n of_o the_o power_n of_o their_o jurisdiction_n and_o by_o the_o custom_n in_o former_a time_n that_o it_o be_v competent_a to_o the_o lord_n to_o advocate_n cause_n from_o the_o admiral_n upon_o iniquity_n albeit_o the_o process_n can_v begin_v before_o they_o in_o the_o first_o instance_n for_o as_o they_o be_v the_o king_n ordinar_n council_n all_o matter_n not_o belong_v to_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o another_o court_n belong_v to_o they_o and_o therefore_o they_o may_v and_o oft_o have_v advocate_n cause_n from_o the_o justice_n general_n and_o other_o judge_n in_o criminal_a cause_n albeit_o the_o lord_n can_v decide_v these_o cause_n as_o be_v only_a judge_n in_o cause_n civil_a yet_o they_o may_v advocate_n the_o same_o that_o in_o case_n the_o reason_n of_o advocation_n be_v relevant_a and_o prove_v they_o may_v remit_v the_o cause_n to_o the_o proper_a and_o competent_a judge_n if_o the_o reason_n of_o advocation_n be_v upon_o incompetency_n or_o to_o other_o unsuspect_v judge_n if_o the_o reason_n be_v upon_o the_o suspicion_n of_o the_o judge_n as_o be_v concern_v in_o the_o cause_n or_o near_o relate_v to_o the_o party_n or_o have_v enmity_n against_o any_o of_o they_o and_o therefore_o the_o lord_n in_o the_o advocation_n raise_v by_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o ship_n call_v the_o bounder_n against_o captain_n gilleis_n it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o admiral_n have_v commit_v iniquity_n in_o grant_v a_o conjunct_a probation_n for_o prove_v the_o property_n of_o the_o ship_n and_o loadn_v the_o lord_n find_v this_o no_o relevant_a ground_n of_o advocation_n of_o the_o cause_n it_o be_v
in_o arbitrio_fw-la judicis_fw-la whether_o to_o grant_v a_o conjunct_a probation_n before_o answer_v to_o the_o relevancy_n of_o the_o reason_n of_o adjudication_n or_o to_o discuss_v the_o relevancy_n first_o and_o then_o to_o admit_v the_o point_n find_v relevant_a to_o probation_n but_o in_o the_o other_o way_n witness_n be_v adduce_v for_o either_o party_n yet_o this_o be_v only_o ex_fw-la nobili_fw-la officio_fw-la the_o lord_n remit_v the_o cause_n to_o the_o admiral_n and_o ordain_v he_o to_o proceed_v to_o discuss_v the_o relevancy_n there_o be_v pregnant_a ground_n of_o adjudication_n instant_o verify_v june_n 12._o 1673._o and_o upon_o his_o refusal_n they_o do_v advocate_n the_o cause_n to_o themselves_o they_o do_v also_o ordain_v the_o admiral_n to_o proceed_v upon_o the_o evidence_n adduce_v to_o adjudge_v or_o assoilzie_n without_o allow_v a_o conjunct_a probation_n before_o answer_n and_o declare_v that_o if_o he_o proceed_v not_o according_o they_o will_v advocate_n the_o cause_n albeit_o the_o danish_a treaty_n bear_v that_o their_o ship_n shall_v not_o be_v meddle_v with_o or_o their_o good_n disload_v till_o they_o be_v adjudge_v in_o a_o court_n of_o admiralty_n for_o the_o lord_n be_v the_o king_n great_a court_n of_o admiralty_n in_o the_o same_o way_n as_o his_o commissioner_n in_o england_n be_v judge_n in_o the_o second_o instance_n of_o pryze_n bring_v before_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n december_n 17._o 1673._o captain_n stuart_n contra_fw-la the_o owner_n of_o the_o danish_a ship_n call_v the_o seal_n fish_n when_o question_n concern_v prize_n come_v before_o the_o lord_n they_o do_v not_o exclude_v the_o defence_n of_o stranger_n as_o be_v competent_a and_o omit_v in_o the_o first_o instance_n though_o that_o be_v a_o rule_n by_o our_o custom_n but_o do_v proceed_v according_a to_o the_o common_a law_n of_o nation_n and_o so_o they_o decide_v july_n 23._o 1667._o hans_n jurgan_n contra_fw-la captain_n logan_n which_o be_v the_o first_o case_n occur_v in_o that_o question_n and_o be_v always_o follow_v after_o the_o rule_n by_o which_o the_o lord_n have_v always_o proceed_v in_o the_o matter_n of_o pryze_n have_v be_v the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o nation_n and_o therefore_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o admiral_n commission_n be_v not_o find_v to_o be_v the_o rule_n february_n 21._o 1668._o bartholomew_n parkman_n contra_fw-la captain_n allan_n the_o treaty_n betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o his_o ally_n in_o so_o far_o as_o they_o differ_v from_o the_o common_a law_n of_o nation_n have_v always_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o lord_n as_o exception_n from_o that_o general_a rule_n and_o good_a defence_n to_o the_o people_n comprehend_v in_o these_o treaty_n in_o dubious_a case_n the_o lord_n have_v proceed_v by_o the_o king_n instruction_n ordinary_o adhibit_v to_o the_o admirality_n of_o all_o his_o kingdom_n that_o they_o may_v keep_v one_o uniform_a rule_n with_o stranger_n in_o which_o not_o only_a respect_n have_v be_v have_v unto_o justice_n but_o even_o favour_n towards_o ally_n and_o policy_n and_o prudence_n towards_o all_o newter_n that_o none_o of_o they_o may_v receive_v irritation_n by_o the_o extension_n of_o justice_n in_o savourable_a case_n 〈◊〉_d the_o ground_n of_o justice_n for_o confiscate_v the_o ship_n of_o those_o who_o be_v not_o enemy_n be_v that_o they_o have_v assist_v the_o enemy_n in_o carry_v on_o the_o war_n and_o thereby_o become_v accessory_n to_o the_o war_n and_o by_o that_o delinquence_n do_v confiscate_v the_o ship_n and_o the_o load_n by_o which_o they_o have_v have_v accession_n for_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o nation_n have_v very_o fit_o restrict_v the_o reparation_n of_o this_o delinquence_n so_o as_o not_o to_o state_n the_o party_n offender_n as_o enemy_n and_o thereby_o to_o make_v all_o their_o good_n confiscable_a as_o enemy_n good_n but_o do_v limit_v the_o same_o to_o these_o ship_n in_o which_o the_o concourse_n be_v act_v ifthey_a be_v seize_v in_o that_o voyage_n in_o which_o they_o give_v assistance_n or_o in_o the_o immediate_a return_n engagement_n in_o war_n by_o prince_n and_o state_n can_v just_o hinder_v the_o free_a trade_n of_o other_o people_n upon_o who_o neither_o party_n have_v either_o obligation_n or_o jurisdiction_n but_o the_o common_a consent_n and_o custom_n of_o nation_n require_v a_o equality_n and_o neutrality_n in_o all_o other_o party_n that_o they_o concur_v not_o in_o the_o war_n with_o either_o party_n forbear_v assistance_n in_o the_o war_n which_o be_v by_o furnish_v they_o man_n instrument_n of_o war_n material_n special_o requisite_a for_o the_o present_a war_n money_n furnish_v for_o public_a use_n and_o in_o some_o case_n victual_v as_o when_o carry_v to_o place_n besiege_v and_o other_o thing_n which_o have_v promiscuous_a use_n in_o peace_n and_o war_n when_o there_o be_v a_o special_a application_n there_o of_o to_o the_o necessary_a use_n of_o the_o war_n as_o iron_n brass_n leid_n pitch_n tar_n and_o the_o like_a which_o be_v therefore_o call_v counterband-goods_a or_o prohibit-goods_a and_o by_o the_o denunciation_n of_o war_n intimation_n be_v ordinary_o make_v to_o newter_n from_o what_o thing_n to_o abstain_v as_o from_o carry_v of_o counterband-goods_a towards_o enemy_n port_n or_o carry_v the_o good_n and_o ware_n of_o enemy_n whereby_o their_o trade_n be_v promote_v and_o they_o enable_v to_o maintain_v the_o war_n or_o by_o carry_v on_o their_o trade_n under_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o trade_n of_o neuter_n and_o therefore_o in_o time_n of_o war_n neuter_n do_v instruct_v their_o vessel_n with_o pass_n and_o other_o document_n instruct_v that_o the_o bottom_n and_o good_n belong_v to_o their_o subject_n freeman_n and_o that_o the_o party_n engage_v in_o the_o war_n or_o any_o of_o their_o subject_n have_v no_o interest_n therein_o which_o pass_n be_v upon_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o ship_n or_o master_n thereof_o and_o those_o who_o embark_v the_o load_n and_o where_o there_o be_v any_o treaty_n the_o formula_fw-la of_o such_o pass_n use_v to_o be_v express_v always_o include_v a_o oath_n and_o be_v give_v by_o such_o magistrate_n as_o be_v agree_v upon_o first_o then_o see_v the_o accession_n of_o neuter_n be_v a_o delinquence_n it_o can_v have_v no_o place_n where_o there_o be_v not_o a_o public_a denunce_v war_n which_o be_v presume_v to_o be_v know_v to_o the_o delinquent_n and_o therefore_o the_o ship_n and_o good_n belong_v to_o neuter_n be_v not_o find_v prize_n because_o carry_v counterband-goods_a towards_o the_o enemy_n port_n unless_o the_o war_n have_v be_v nottour_o know_v at_o the_o place_n where_o they_o loose_v at_o the_o time_n when_o they_o loose_v and_o act_n of_o hostility_n and_o declare_v of_o prize_n in_o neighbour_a place_n be_v not_o find_v sufficient_a july_n 22._o 1667._o hans_n jurgan_n contra_fw-la captain_n logan_n the_o like_a be_v find_v of_o a_o ship_n of_o hamburg_n carry_v counterband-goods_a to_o danish_a port_n after_o act_n of_o hostility_n betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o the_o dane_n because_o the_o ship_n be_v take_v before_o the_o proclamation_n of_o the_o war_n against_o the_o dane_n february_n 25._o 1668._o merchant_n of_o hamburg_n contra_fw-la captain_n dishingtoun_n if_o ship_n have_v in_o they_o counterband-goods_a they_o may_v be_v bring_v up_o if_o the_o port_n be_v not_o express_v upon_o oath_n and_o be_v a_o free_a port_n or_o be_v contradict_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o skipper_n and_o company_n which_o infer_v a_o full_a probation_n in_o case_n they_o acknowledge_v a_o unfree_a port_n and_o a_o presumptive_a probation_n in_o case_n the_o pass_n bear_v not_o a_o free_a port_n yet_o it_o admit_v a_o contrary_a probation_n for_o prove_v of_o the_o true_a port_n january_n 21._o 1673._o hendrick_n anderson_n master_n of_o the_o sun_n of_o dantzick_n contra_fw-la captain_n dowglas_n the_o like_a be_v find_v where_o the_o pass_v make_v the_o port_n uncertain_a and_o ambiguous_a bear_v london_z to_o be_v the_o port_n but_o a_o great_a fraught_n promise_v if_o the_o ship_n be_v bring_v up_o into_o holland_n which_o be_v find_v to_o be_v elide_v by_o a_o positive_a contrair_a probation_n february_n 19_o 1673._o the_o owner_n of_o the_o palmtree_n and_o patience_n contra_fw-la captain_n atchison_n among_o counterband_n pitch_n and_o tar_n be_v find_v comprehend_v july_n 9_o 1668._o captain_n allan_n contra_fw-la bartholomew_n parkman_n timber_n proper_a for_o ship_n as_o mast_n etc._n etc._n be_v unquestionable_o counterband_n but_o timber_n of_o promiscuous_a use_n be_v not_o counterband_n except_o in_o special_a case_n for_o the_o peculiar_a use_n of_o the_o war._n there_o be_v a_o particular_a article_n in_o the_o first_o treaty_n betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o the_o swede_n by_o which_o it_o be_v declare_v that_o in_o regard_n the_o most_o of_o the_o material_n of_o the_o swedish_n trade_n be_v pitch_n tar_n 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n
clerk_n merchant_n at_o london_n have_v order_v a_o parcel_n of_o brass_n wire_n to_o be_v bring_v home_o to_o he_o from_o sweden_n the_o samen_n be_v embark_v in_o the_o ship_n call_v the_o calm_a which_o be_v take_v in_o her_o voyage_n to_o london_n by_o captain_n smeatoun_n and_o be_v adjudge_v prize_n by_o the_o admiral_n because_o the_o pass_n be_v convel_v by_o the_o master_n oath_n yet_o the_o parcel_n of_o brass-wyer_n belong_v to_o sir_n francis_n clerk_n be_v find_v not_o to_o be_v prize_n decemb._n 13._o 1673._o sir_n francis_z clerk_z contra_fw-la captain_n smeaton_n and_o that_o because_o sir_n francis_n reside_v in_o england_n and_o not_o be_v upon_o the_o place_n of_o embarque_a can_v not_o know_v the_o falsehood_n or_o simulation_n of_o the_o pass_n or_o other_o ground_n of_o confiscation_n and_o albeit_o there_o be_v no_o document_n aboard_o for_o this_o parcel_n of_o brass-wyer_n which_o will_v have_v infer_v a_o presumptive_a probation_n against_o ally_n or_o newter_n that_o the_o same_o belong_v to_o enemy_n yet_o the_o same_o or_o any_o other_o presumptive_a probation_n though_o so_o strong_a against_o newter_n that_o it_o will_v admit_v no_o contrary_a probation_n as_o to_o the_o king_n subject_n reside_v in_o his_o dominion_n who_o can_v not_o trade_n but_o under_o colourable_a document_n it_o be_v not_o dolus_fw-la malus_fw-la unless_o they_o have_v or_o can_v have_v know_v the_o interest_n of_o any_o of_o the_o king_n enemy_n and_o likewise_o some_o merchant_n in_o hull_n have_v embark_v a_o load_n in_o a_o ship_n of_o hamburg_n call_v the_o lyveday_n the_o admiral_n find_v the_o load_v prize_n because_o there_o be_v double_a and_o forge_a document_n make_v use_v of_o against_o which_o no_o contrary_a probation_n will_v have_v be_v admit_v for_o newter_n who_o be_v free_a with_o all_o party_n engage_v in_o the_o war_n have_v no_o reason_n to_o make_v use_n of_o false_a or_o double_a document_n so_o that_o it_o necessary_o infer_v that_o the_o ship_n and_o load_n belong_v not_o to_o newter_n but_o to_o enemy_n yet_o the_o matter_n be_v bring_v in_o question_n by_o reducton_n the_o lord_n find_v that_o there_o be_v no_o ground_n of_o confiscation_n of_o the_o ship_n but_o it_o be_v a_o free_a hamburg_n ship_n except_o upon_o account_n of_o the_o colourable_a document_n for_o the_o load_n they_o admit_v a_o contrary_a probation_n that_o the_o property_n of_o the_o load_n belong_v to_o the_o merchant_n of_o hull_n nou._n 14._o 1673._o master_n of_o the_o lyveday_n contra_fw-la captain_n middletoun_n we_o have_v now_o go_v through_o the_o ordinary_a ground_n of_o adjudication_n of_o prize_n there_o be_v some_o other_o ground_n that_o have_v be_v allege_v for_o confiscation_n but_o have_v not_o be_v sustain_v as_o first_o it_o be_v not_o find_v a_o ground_n of_o confiscation_n of_o a_o ship_n or_o load_n that_o the_o same_o belong_v to_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o holstein_n who_o hold_v some_o of_o his_o estate_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n than_o a_o declare_a enemy_n to_o the_o king_n unless_o the_o duke_n of_o holsten_n have_v contribute_v to_o the_o war_n as_o be_v find_v january_n 4._o 1667._o paul_n herrison_n contra_fw-la l._n of_o ludquharn_n neither_o that_o the_o ship_n want_v a_o vendition_n in_o write_v july_n 26._o 1673._o captain_n hamiltoun_n contra_fw-la master_n of_o the_o ship_n call_v of_o stattin_n neither_o be_v it_o find_v a_o relevant_a ground_n of_o confiscation_n because_o the_o ship_n be_v buy_v in_o holland_n and_o take_v at_o sea_n ere_o she_o touch_v any_o other_o ground_n february_n 21._o 1673._o the_o owner_n of_o the_o ship_n call_v the_o prince_n of_o east-freezland_a contra_fw-la captain_n binnie_n the_o like_a be_v find_v in_o the_o foresay_a case_n of_o captain_n hamiltoun_n neither_o do_v the_o insurance_n of_o ship_n or_o load_n in_o holland_n infer_v a_o sufficient_a ground_n of_o confiscation_n alone_o though_o it_o may_v concur_v with_o other_o as_o a_o adminicle_n albeit_o the_o insurance_n be_v allege_v to_o put_v the_o risk_a and_o hazard_v of_o the_o capture_z upon_o the_o king_n enemy_n without_o detriment_n to_o his_o ally_n yet_o the_o lord_n find_v that_o see_v the_o property_n of_o the_o good_n insure_v do_v remain_v in_o the_o king_n ally_n the_o samen_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v confiscate_v neither_o be_v it_o allege_v that_o the_o insurance_n be_v express_o against_o capture_z but_o against_o hazard_n at_o sea_n in_o general_n july_n 22._o 1673._o captain_n contra_fw-la owner_n of_o the_o fortune_n of_o trailsound_n this_o further_a be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o when_o the_o ship_n of_o newter_n have_v aboard_o counterband_n the_o defect_n of_o document_n for_o the_o counterband_n or_o double_a or_o colourable_a document_n to_o cover_v the_o same_o will_v not_o infer_v confiscation_n if_o the_o property_n be_v prove_v to_o belong_v to_o free_a man_n and_o that_o the_o true_a port_n intend_v be_v not_o a_o enemy_n port_n because_o in_o such_o case_n newter_n have_v necessity_n of_o colourable_a document_n but_o as_o to_o the_o property_n of_o ship_n and_o good_n they_o have_v no_o such_o necessity_n and_o therefore_o contrary_a probation_n be_v not_o admit_v against_o the_o ordinar_n presumptive_a probation_n by_o want_v of_o document_n conceal_v or_o destroy_v of_o document_n or_o make_v use_n of_o double_a or_o false_a document_n when_o prize_v adjudge_v by_o the_o admiral_n be_v roup_v and_o sell_v if_o by_o reduction_n they_o be_v liberat_fw-la by_o the_o lord_n the_o owner_n be_v decern_v in_o solidum_fw-la to_o restore_v the_o price_n the_o ship_n and_o load_v be_v indivisible_a and_o ofttimes_o some_o be_v assume_v as_o owner_n which_o be_v not_o solvent_a june_n 10._o 1680._o the_o ann_n of_o christiana_n contra_fw-la captain_n martin_n and_o if_o the_o ship_n and_o load_n be_v orderly_o roup_v upon_o the_o admiral_n warrant_n or_o sell_v upon_o his_o decreet_a before_o the_o same_o be_v call_v in_o question_n by_o citation_n upon_o reduction_n albeit_o the_o lord_n thereafter_o liberat_fw-la the_o ship_n they_o will_v decern_v no_o more_o but_o the_o price_n obtain_v by_o the_o roup_n before_o the_o admiral_n adjudication_n or_o the_o price_n obtain_v by_o sale_n bona_fw-la fide_fw-la after_o the_o admiral_n decreet_a and_o if_o the_o king_n fifteen_o part_n and_o the_o admiral_n ten_o part_n be_v bona_fw-la fide_fw-la pay_v they_o be_v liberat_fw-la pro_fw-la tanto_fw-la and_o the_o stranger_n must_v have_v recourse_n to_o the_o thesaury_n and_o against_o the_o admiral_n for_o repetition_n title_n xiii_o infeftment_n of_o property_n 1._o the_o original_n of_o fe_n 2._o feudal_n jurisdiction_n especial_o of_o the_o king_n in_o parliament_n 3._o feudal_n jurisdiction_n of_o superior_n 4._o allodial_n 5._o requisit_n of_o proper_a fe_n 6._o kind_n of_o improper_a fe_n 7._o dominium_fw-la directum_fw-la essential_a to_o all_o fe_n 8._o dominium_fw-la utile_fw-la 9_o fidelity_n also_o necessary_a 10._o feudal_n contract_v 11._o udal_n right_n 12._o infeftment_n what_o it_o signify_v 13._o how_o write_v be_v necessary_a for_o infeftment_n 14._o what_o kind_n of_o write_v be_v necessary_a for_o infeftment_n 15._o the_o tenor_n of_o formal_a charter_n 16._o when_o instrument_n of_o seasine_n become_v necessary_a 17._o the_o tenor_n of_o formal_a seasin_n 18._o the_o essential_o necessary_a in_o seasin_n 19_o seasin_n must_v have_v warrant_n and_o adminicle_n and_o what_o these_o be_v 20._o registration_n of_o seasin_n 21._o registration_n of_o resignation_n ad_fw-la remanentiam_fw-la 21._o registration_n of_o the_o allowance_n of_o apprysing_n and_o adjudication_n inhibition_n and_o horning_n 23._o the_o attest_v of_o the_o nottar_n and_o two_o witness_n necessary_a in_o seasin_n 24._o extract_v of_o seasin_n not_o probative_a 25._o transumpt_n of_o seasin_n 26._o bound_v infeftment_n 27._o base_a infeftment_n how_o far_o effectual_a without_o possession_n 28._o infeftment_n by_o confirmation_n 29._o infeftment_n upon_o apprize_a or_o adjudication_n 30._o the_o effect_n of_o appryzing_n or_o adjudication_n with_o a_o charge_n 31._o infeftment_n ward_n 32._o feus_n of_o ward-land_n how_o far_o valide_fw-la 33._o infeftment_n blensh_o 34._o infeftment_n feu_n 35._o the_o annex_v property_n of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d can_v only_o be_v set_v feu_n after_o 〈◊〉_d in_o parliament_n 36._o feus_n of_o the_o annex_v property_n set_v with_o diminution_n of_o the_o retour_fw-fr duty_n be_v null_n 37._o feus_n of_o kirk-land_n 38._o infeftment_n in_o burgage_n 39_o infeftment_n in_o mortification_n 40._o manse_v and_o gleibs_n 41._o conjunct_a infeftment_n 42._o infeftment_n to_o heir_n substitute_n 43._o infeftment_n simple_a and_o tailzy_v 44._o union_n 45._o erection_n 46._o warrandice_n 47._o tacit_fw-la condition_n employ_v in_o ward-land_n 48._o tacit_fw-la condition_n in_o warandice_n and_o relief_n 49._o tacit_fw-la condition_n in_o infeftment_n of_o office_n 50._o tacit_fw-la condition_n in_o excambion_n 51._o
tacit_fw-la condition_n in_o feus_n 52._o liferent_n reserve_v in_o infeftment_n of_o propertie_n 53._o exception_n in_o infeftment_n how_o far_o effectual_a 54._o faculty_n reserve_v in_o infeftment_n 55._o burden_n of_o sum_n in_o infeftment_n how_o far_o effectual_a 56._o the_o effect_n of_o impossible_a or_o unlawful_a condition_n in_o infeftment_n 57_o condition_n inconsistent_a be_v null_n 58._o clause_n de_fw-fr non_fw-fr alienando_fw-la in_o tailzies_n 59_o clause_n restrictive_a and_o irritant_fw-la in_o tailzies_n 60._o regalia_z not_o express_v be_v not_o carry_v by_o infeftment_n 61._o regalia_z be_v carry_v in_o barony_n though_o not_o express_v 62._o jurisdiction_n and_o court_n 63._o jurisdiction_n of_o baron_n court_n how_o far_o restrict_v 64._o issue_n of_o baron_n court_v belong_v to_o themselves_o 65._o infeftment_n of_o constabulary_a 66._o fortalice_n how_o far_o extend_v 67._o forrestry_n 68_o hunt_v of_o deer_n inter_fw-la regalia_z 69._o salmond-fishing_a 70._o cruive_n 71._o milns_n 72._o privilege_n of_o brew_v 73._o part_n and_o pertinent_a 74._o wood_n and_o coal_n 75._o house_n and_o biggings_n and_o park_n dykes_n 76._o fowl_v hunt_v and_o fish_v 77._o cunningar_n 78._o dovecott_n 79._o free_a ish_n and_o entry_n 80._o herezeld_n 81._o steelbow-goods_a 82._o the_o effect_n of_o infeftment_n in_o possessorio_fw-la 83._o the_o effect_n of_o infeftment_n in_o petitorio_fw-la 84._o inhibition_n and_o their_o effect_n against_o infeftment_n the_o roman_a empire_n in_o italy_n be_v long_o oppress_v and_o at_o length_n suppress_v by_o the_o inundation_n of_o the_o longobard_n and_o other_o barbarous_a nation_n who_o seat_v themselves_o there_o and_o divide_v these_o beautiful_a courtrey_n among_o their_o captain_n and_o they_o subdivide_v the_o same_o to_o their_o soldier_n for_o their_o military_a service_n and_o as_o they_o be_v the_o author_n of_o this_o new_a right_n so_o they_o do_v term_v it_o by_o a_o new_a and_o barbarous_a name_n feudum_n which_o the_o german_n call_v fiff_a and_o we_o with_o the_o english_a call_v a_o fee_n concern_v which_o there_o be_v no_o common_a write_v law_n but_o the_o several_a province_n have_v their_o diverse_a custom_n as_o they_o think_v most_o suitable_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o right_n and_o their_o own_o utility_n these_o book_n annex_v to_o the_o civil_a law_n call_v libri_fw-la feudorum_fw-la though_o they_o have_v great_a respect_n among_o lawyer_n yet_o they_o be_v but_o the_o observation_n of_o private_a person_n and_o so_o not_o a_o write_v public_a law_n by_o the_o irruption_n which_o happen_v in_o the_o six_o century_n the_o civil_a law_n be_v sopit_fw-la for_o five_o hundred_o year_n it_o be_v revive_v in_o the_o eleven_o century_n and_o do_v take_v in_o with_o it_o the_o feudal_n custom_n which_o have_v be_v propagat_v through_o the_o most_o civil_a nation_n in_o the_o world_n not_o only_o for_o strengthen_v they_o towards_o war_n but_o because_o sovereign_n have_v thereby_o a_o new_a interest_n over_o their_o subject_n and_o inferior_n thereby_o become_v their_o feudatar_n and_o vassal_n owe_v always_o to_o they_o fidelity_n and_o oft_a follow_v as_o their_o client_n and_o assecles_n acknowledge_v they_o as_o their_o lord_n superior_n and_o paramount_n in_o their_o land_n and_o heretage_n which_o be_v all_o derive_v mediate_o or_o immediate_o from_o the_o sovereign_a authority_n as_o the_o common_a and_o supreme_a superior_a of_o all_o the_o subject_n who_o have_v any_o more_o than_o the_o right_n of_o unfixed_a movable_n 2._o and_o thereby_o also_o arise_v the_o feudal_n jurisdiction_n whereby_o not_o only_o the_o sovereign_a power_n but_o all_o superior_n do_v by_o the_o advice_n and_o assistance_n of_o their_o vassal_n who_o be_v call_v peer_n of_o their_o court_n order_n and_o determine_v all_o thing_n not_o only_o relate_v to_o themselves_o and_o their_o vassal_n but_o to_o all_o other_o who_o be_v local_o within_o their_o territory_n both_o in_o civil_n and_o criminal_n in_o so_o far_o as_o they_o derive_v jurisdiction_n civil_a or_o criminal_a from_o the_o sovereign_a power_n immediate_o or_o mediate_o no_o nation_n be_v more_o exact_a in_o this_o then_o scotland_n wherein_o the_o king_n as_o supreme_a superior_a rule_v by_o his_o vassal_n assemble_v in_o parliament_n in_o which_o at_o first_o all_o be_v personal_o present_a who_o hold_v land_n immediate_o of_o he_o as_o baron_n great_a and_o small_a freeholders_n and_o prelate_n for_o church-land_n the_o free_a burgh_n be_v also_o represent_v in_o parliament_n by_o their_o commissioner_n as_o hold_v their_o burgage_n land_n and_o their_o freedom_n and_o privilege_n of_o burgh_n as_o feudater_n of_o the_o king_n so_o that_o there_o be_v not_o one_o foot_n of_o ground_n in_o scotland_n who_o lord_n be_v not_o present_a in_o parliament_n but_o when_o fee_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n become_v subdivide_v or_o multiply_v two_o or_o more_o commissioner_n be_v admit_v in_o parliament_n in_o name_n of_o the_o mean_a baron_n and_o freeholders_n all_o be_v account_v great_a baron_n who_o hold_v a_o hundred_o mark_fw-mi land_n or_o above_o of_o the_o king_n and_o the_o rest_n mean_a baron_n par._n 1503._o cap._n 78._o so_o also_o other_o superior_n have_v their_o court_n consist_v of_o their_o vassal_n who_o be_v oblige_v to_o answer_v suit_n thereto_o who_o as_o a_o jury_n give_v doom_n and_o judgement_n of_o old_a when_o all_o matter_n proceed_v by_o jury_n or_o inquest_n as_o it_o be_v also_o in_o the_o king_n court_n by_o sheriff_n bailzy_n etc._n etc._n of_o which_o the_o shadow_n or_o formality_n yet_o remain_v of_o have_v a_o doomster_n as_o a_o member_n of_o court_n to_o pronounce_v sentence_n though_o inquest_n be_v in_o most_o thing_n lay_v aside_o through_o custom_n 3._o the_o very_a right_n of_o superiority_n carry_v this_o right_a of_o jurisdiction_n over_o the_o vassal_n unless_o by_o their_o infeftment_n or_o prescription_n they_o be_v exempt_v our_o learned_a countryman_n mr._n thomas_n craig_n advocate_n have_v large_o and_o learned_o handle_v the_o feudal_n right_n of_o this_o and_o other_o nation_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr feudis_fw-la and_o therefore_o we_o shall_v only_o follow_v close_o what_o since_o his_o time_n by_o statute_n or_o custom_n have_v be_v clear_v or_o alter_v in_o feudal_n right_n which_o be_v very_o much_o for_o he_o have_v write_v in_o the_o year_n 1600._o there_o be_v since_o many_o statute_n and_o variety_n of_o case_n which_o do_v occur_v and_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o lord_n and_o have_v be_v de_fw-fr recenti_fw-la observe_v as_o they_o be_v do_v by_o the_o most_o eminent_a of_o the_o lord_n and_o lawyer_n as_o by_o haddingtoun_n who_o be_v precedent_n of_o the_o session_n and_o by_o precedent_n spotswood_n and_o by_o dury_n who_o continue_v in_o the_o session_n from_o the_o year_n 1620._o until_o his_o death_n in_o the_o year_n 1642._o and_o though_o these_o decision_n have_v be_v intermit_v since_o that_o time_n till_o the_o king_n return_n the_o loss_n be_v not_o great_a these_o time_n be_v troublesome_a and_o great_a alteration_n of_o the_o lord_n but_o the_o decision_n of_o the_o lord_n have_v be_v constant_o observe_v since_o the_o king_n return_n by_o which_o most_o of_o the_o feudal_n question_n be_v determine_v and_o these_o thing_n which_o craig_n can_v but_o conjecture_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o feudal_n right_n the_o custom_n of_o neighbour_a nation_n and_o the_o opinion_n of_o feudist_n be_v now_o common_o know_v and_o come_v to_o a_o fix_a custom_n neither_o do_v he_o observe_v any_o decision_n particular_o by_o the_o time_n further_o than_o his_o own_o time_n in_o which_o our_o feudal_n custom_n can_v little_o be_v determine_v see_v the_o lord_n of_o session_n be_v mutable_a and_o ambulatory_a till_o the_o year_n 1540_o in_o which_o king_n james_n the_o five_o do_v perfect_v the_o establishment_n of_o the_o session_n in_o a_o college_n of_o justice_n who_o at_o first_o can_v not_o be_v so_o know_v and_o fix_v in_o their_o form_n and_o custom_n and_o therefore_o it_o can_v be_v think_v strange_a if_o the_o feudal_n custom_n as_o they_o be_v now_o settle_v do_v much_o differ_v from_o what_o craig_n do_v observe_v he_o have_v indeed_o very_a well_o observe_v the_o origine_fw-la and_o nature_n of_o feudal_n right_n and_o the_o custom_n of_o italy_n where_o they_o begin_v and_o of_o france_n and_o england_n whence_o they_o be_v derive_v to_o we_o and_o therefore_o we_o say_v little_a as_o to_o these_o and_o so_o much_o only_o of_o the_o right_n themselves_o as_o must_v necessary_o be_v introductory_n to_o our_o fix_a custom_n in_o which_o we_o shall_v follow_v that_o same_o method_n as_o most_o accommodat_fw-la to_o the_o matter_n which_o we_o observe_v in_o the_o former_a title_n of_o real_a right_n but_o there_o be_v in_o feudal_n right_n nothing_o of_o that_o original_a community_n which_o be_v therein_o be_v only_o a_o promiscuous_a property_n
then_o subjoin_v the_o tenor_n and_o word_n of_o the_o charter_n these_o charter_n of_o confirmation_n whensoever_o grant_v be_v draw_v back_o to_o the_o date_n of_o the_o charter_n confirm_v which_o be_v absolute_o null_a till_o confirmation_n unless_o there_o be_v a_o medium_n impedimentum_fw-la as_o a_o prior_n infeftment_n by_o confirmation_n or_o upon_o resignation_n by_o the_o superior_a yea_o though_o the_o infeftment_n by_o confirmation_n be_v after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o grant_a of_o the_o charter_n to_o be_v confirm_v if_o the_o superior_a do_v confirm_v it_o be_v draw_v back_o and_o will_v import_v the_o superior_n pass_v from_o any_o casuality_n fall_v by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o author_n unless_o these_o be_v reserve_v wherein_o the_o neglect_n of_o the_o king_n officer_n may_v not_o be_v impute_v in_o his_o prejudice_n albeit_o craig_n relate_v a_o case_n betwixt_o kirkaldie_n of_o grange_n and_o ker_n in_o the_o contrary_a l._n 2._o dieges_fw-fr 4._o and_o add_v this_o reason_n that_o the_o former_a vassal_n grant_a of_o the_o charter_n to_o be_v confirm_v die_v before_o confirmation_n it_o may_v be_v true_o say_v that_o he_o die_v last_o vest_n and_o seize_v as_o of_o fee_n which_o the_o subsequent_a confirmation_n can_v make_v false_a yet_o this_o be_v fictione_n juris_fw-la these_o fiction_n may_v do_v much_o more_o than_o this_o change_n and_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o frequent_a then_o to_o confirm_v very_o old_a charter_n or_o disposition_n there_o be_v another_o kind_n of_o charter_n of_o confirmation_n by_o the_o king_n of_o charter_n grant_v by_o his_o vassal_n to_o their_o sub-vassal_n not_o to_o be_v hold_v a_o se_n of_o the_o king_n but_o de_fw-mi se_fw-mi of_o the_o disponer_n the_o effect_n of_o which_o confirmation_n be_v to_o secure_v the_o acquir_a against_o the_o forefaulture_n or_o recognition_n of_o his_o superior_a charter_n by_o the_o king_n upon_o apprize_a or_o adjudication_n do_v either_o narrate_v the_o apprize_a or_o adjudication_n before_o the_o dispositive_a clause_n or_o otherways_o after_o the_o dispositive_a clause_n by_o the_o clause_n beginning_n quae_fw-la quidem_fw-la terrae_fw-la perprius_fw-la haereditarie_a pertinuerunt_fw-la ad_fw-la a._n b._n etc._n etc._n which_o clause_n be_v also_o next_o to_o the_o dispositive_a in_o charter_n upon_o resignation_n and_o do_v express_v the_o resignation_n make_v either_o personal_o by_o the_o vassal_n or_o more_o ordinary_o by_o his_o procuratory_n and_o then_o bear_v the_o procuratory_n of_o resignation_n and_o the_o date_n thereof_o but_o if_o it_o be_v upon_o apprize_a or_o adjudication_n it_o bear_v that_o the_o land_n and_o other_o in_o the_o charter_n be_v apprise_v or_o adjudge_v from_o the_o former_a vassal_n or_o his_o apparent_a heir_n lawful_o charge_v to_o enter_v heir_n in_o special_a and_o express_v the_o date_n of_o the_o apprize_a or_o adjudication_n and_o the_o sum_n thereincontained_n and_o bear_v in_o the_o reddendo_fw-la the_o duty_n and_o service_n due_a and_o accustom_a before_o the_o say_v apprize_a or_o adjudication_n the_o king_n charter_n bear_v as_o witness_n several_a officer_n of_o state_n and_o director_n of_o the_o chanclery_n the_o king_n charter_n must_v pass_v in_o exchequer_n upon_o a_o signature_n sign_v by_o the_o king_n or_o by_o his_o thesaurer_n or_o commissioner_n of_o the_o thesaury_n and_o a_o quorum_n of_o the_o exchequer_n which_o signature_n be_v record_v in_o the_o book_n of_o exchequer_n and_o then_o pass_v under_o the_o signet_n and_o then_o under_o the_o privy_a seal_n who_o warrant_n be_v the_o signature_n and_o last_o under_o the_o great_a seal_n charter_n by_o subject_n in_o most_o thing_n agree_v with_o the_o king_n charter_n but_o differ_v in_o these_o point_n that_o they_o begin_v not_o with_o their_o title_n but_o thus_o omnibus_fw-la hanc_fw-la cartam_fw-la visuris_fw-la vel_fw-la audituris_fw-la and_o then_o follow_v the_o superior_n title_n or_o designation_n and_o in_o original_a charter_n the_o special_a cause_n be_v narrate_v as_o for_o implement_n of_o a_o certain_a contract_n disposition_n or_o obligation_n in_o they_o also_o the_o warrandice_n be_v more_o particular_o express_v because_o it_o be_v effectual_a according_a to_o its_o tenor._n in_o the_o charter_n grant_v by_o subject_n the_o precept_n of_o seasine_n be_v ordinary_o ingross_v and_o now_o by_o the_o late_a act_n of_o parliament_n 1672._o cap._n seven_o precept_n of_o seasine_n be_v appoint_v to_o be_v insert_v in_o the_o king_n charter_n which_o before_o can_v only_o pass_v by_o a_o write_v under_o the_o quarter_n seal_n or_o testimony_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n in_o all_o charter_n both_o by_o king_n and_o subject_n the_o clause_n tenendas_fw-la use_v to_o be_v insert_v express_v the_o land_n or_o other_o by_o their_o ordinary_a designation_n and_o then_o add_v per_fw-la omnes_fw-la 〈◊〉_d metas_fw-la antiquas_fw-la &_o divisas_fw-la pro_fw-la ut_fw-la jacent_fw-la in_o 〈◊〉_d &_o latitudine_fw-la cumdomibus_fw-la aedificiis_fw-la boscis_fw-la planis_fw-la moris_fw-la maresiis_fw-la viis_fw-la 〈◊〉_d aquis_fw-la rivolis_fw-la stagnis_fw-la pratis_fw-la pascuis_fw-la &_o pasturis_fw-la molendinis_fw-la &_o multuris_fw-la &_o eorum_fw-la sequelis_fw-la aucupationibus_fw-la venationibus_fw-la piscationibus_fw-la petariis_fw-la turbariis_fw-la cuniculis_fw-la cuniculariis_fw-la columbis_fw-la columbariis_fw-la hortis_fw-la pomariis_fw-la fabrilibus_fw-la brasinis_fw-la &_o brueriis_fw-la genestis_fw-la sylvis_fw-la nemoribus_fw-la &_o virgultis_fw-la lignis_fw-la lapicidiis_fw-la lapide_fw-la &_o calce_fw-la cum_fw-la curiis_fw-la &_o earum_fw-la exitibus_fw-la herezeldis_fw-la 〈◊〉_d &_o mulierum_fw-la merchetis_fw-la libero_fw-la 〈◊〉_d &_o exitu_fw-la ac_fw-la cum_fw-la omnibus_fw-la aliis_fw-la libertatibus_fw-la commoditatibus_fw-la proficuis_fw-la astamentis_fw-la ac_fw-la justis_fw-la suis_fw-la pertinentiis_fw-la quibuscunque_fw-la tam_fw-la non_fw-la nominatis_fw-la quam_fw-la nominatis_fw-la tam_fw-la subtus_fw-la quam_fw-la supra_fw-la terram_fw-la procul_fw-la &_o prope_fw-la ad_fw-la praedictas_fw-la terras_fw-la spectantibus_fw-la seu_fw-la spectare_fw-la valentibus_fw-la quomodolibet_fw-la in_o futurum_fw-la libere_fw-la plenary_a quiet_a integre_n honorifice_fw-la sine_fw-la aliquo_fw-la impedimento_fw-la revocatione_n contradictione_n aut_fw-la obstaculo_fw-la qualicunque_fw-la in_o the_o charter_n by_o the_o king_n or_o subject_n there_o may_v and_o use_v to_o be_v insert_v a_o clause_n the_o novo-damus_a which_o do_v dispone_n the_o fee_n as_o by_o a_o original_a right_n in_o case_n the_o disponer_n right_o shall_v be_v find_v defective_a and_o to_o secure_v against_o any_o title_n proper_a to_o the_o superior_a either_o as_o to_o the_o property_n or_o any_o servitude_n or_o casuality_n which_o clause_n use_v to_o be_v very_o full_a and_o to_o express_v all_o nullity_n title_n or_o interest_n in_o the_o superior_a with_o supply_n of_o all_o defect_n and_o bear_v all_o the_o particular_a casualty_n with_o which_o the_o fee_n may_v be_v burden_v which_o be_v effectual_a and_o extend_v to_o the_o full_a against_o subject_n but_o as_o to_o such_o clause_n in_o the_o king_n charter_n they_o be_v full_o extend_v as_o to_o all_o interest_n in_o the_o king_n relate_v to_o the_o property_n such_o as_o nullity_n forefaulture_n recognition_n purpresture_n disclamation_n but_o the_o general_a word_n pro_fw-la omni_fw-la jure_fw-la titulo_fw-la &_o interest_n be_v not_o extend_v against_o the_o king_n to_o any_o casuality_n of_o superiority_n not_o reach_v but_o burden_v the_o property_n except_o such_o only_a as_o be_v particular_o express_v and_o therefore_o a_o novo_fw-la damus_fw-la in_o a_o bishop_n charter_n from_o the_o king_n dispone_v a_o patronage_n pro_fw-la omni_fw-la jure_fw-la be_v find_v to_o give_v the_o bishop_n successor_n right_a to_o that_o patronage_n though_o it_o be_v a_o like_fw-mi patronage_n without_o necessity_n to_o instruct_v that_o the_o bishop_n have_v any_o pretence_n of_o a_o title_n thereto_o before_o but_o that_o the_o novo_fw-la damus_fw-la be_v as_o effectual_a as_o a_o original_a right_n february_n 19_o 1680._o sir_n john_n scot_n of_o ancrum_n contra_fw-la archbishop_n of_o glasgow_n but_o a_o novo_fw-la damus_fw-la by_o the_o king_n bearing_z pro_fw-la omni_fw-la jure_fw-la titulo_fw-la &_o interest_n and_o express_v ward_n find_v not_o to_o exclude_v the_o king_n donator_n from_o the_o marriage_n as_o be_v a_o casuality_n differ_v from_o the_o ward_n which_o use_v to_o pass_v by_o a_o several_a gift_n 17._o day_n of_o july_n 1672._o lord_n hatton_n contra_fw-la the_o earl_n of_o northesk_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o different_a extension_n of_o the_o clause_n de_fw-fr novo_fw-la damus_fw-la as_o to_o the_o king_n and_o subject_n be_v because_o subject_n be_v presume_v to_o take_v special_a notice_n of_o all_o clause_n that_o they_o insert_v in_o their_o charter_n which_o in_o dubio_fw-la be_v interpret_v contra_fw-la proferentem_fw-la but_o these_o clause_n do_v more_o easy_o pass_v by_o inadvertence_n in_o exchequer_n and_o therefore_o their_o gift_n be_v more_o regulat_fw-la by_o their_o act_n then_o by_o the_o common_a style_n thereof_o for_o though_o gift_n of_o ward_n comprehend_v nonentry_n ay_o and_o while_o the_o entry_n of_o the_o righteous_a
possession_n as_o a_o base_a infeftment_n by_o father_n to_o their_o child_n be_v not_o sustain_v by_o the_o father_n possession_n who_o liferent_a be_v reserve_v therein_o june_n 26._o 1634._o dury_n contra_fw-la bruce_n but_o a_o posterior_n base_a infeftment_n to_o the_o wife_n be_v prefer_v in_o this_o case_n as_o be_v clad_v with_o the_o husband_n possession_n though_o common_a author_n to_o both_o the_o son_n and_o wife_n the_o like_a of_o a_o base_a infeftment_n grant_v by_o a_o goodsire_n to_o his_o oy_fw-it reserve_v the_o goodsires_n liferent_a july_n 3._o 1624._o earl_n of_o annandale_n contra_fw-la johnstoun_n and_o a_o infeftment_n by_o a_o father_n to_o his_o son_n be_v not_o find_v clad_v with_o possession_n by_o the_o father_n possession_n though_o he_o have_v a_o factory_a from_o the_o son_n but_o it_o be_v not_o allege_v that_o the_o father_n have_v grant_v discharge_v express_o relate_v to_o the_o factory_a july_n 10._o 1669._o gardner_n contra_fw-la colvil_n yet_o in_o the_o competition_n of_o two_o base_a infeftment_n the_o former_a be_v grant_v to_o a_o stranger_n for_o relief_n of_o caution_n and_o the_o latter_a grant_v to_o a_o son_n and_o appearand_a heir_n for_o relief_n of_o his_o caution_n exceed_v the_o value_n of_o the_o land_n the_o son_n base_a infeftment_n though_o posterior_n have_v first_o attain_v possession_n and_o be_v without_o all_o suspicion_n of_o simulation_n be_v prefer_v and_o it_o be_v not_o find_v that_o infeftment_n for_o relief_n be_v in_o the_o same_o case_n with_o warrandice_n land_n where_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o principal_a land_n be_v fictione_n juris_fw-la a_o possession_n of_o the_o warrandice_n land_n these_o infeftment_n be_v less_o subject_a to_o fraud_n or_o uncertainty_n than_o infeftment_n for_o relief_n which_o relate_v to_o personal_a debt_n and_o ofttimes_o general_o to_o all_o debt_n or_o cautionry_n contract_v or_o to_o be_v contract_v which_o debt_n may_v be_v retire_v and_o keep_v up_o and_o make_v use_v of_o by_o the_o infeftment_n for_o relief_n june_n 26._o 1677._o mr._n john_n inglis_n contra_fw-la tenant_n of_o eastbarns_n infeftment_n base_a to_o wife_n not_o be_v upon_o their_o contract_n of_o marriage_n or_o in_o place_n thereof_o be_v not_o hold_v as_o clad_v with_o possession_n by_o the_o husband_n possession_n 28._o infeftment_n by_o confirmation_n do_v not_o only_o require_v a_o charter_n from_o the_o disponer_n bear_v the_o land_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o the_o superior_a and_o seasine_n thereupon_o but_o require_v also_o the_o superior_n confirmation_n till_o which_o it_o be_v no_o real_a right_n but_o null_n but_o whensoever_o the_o confirmation_n be_v add_v the_o right_o become_v valid_a from_o the_o date_n of_o the_o infeftment_n confirm_v as_o to_o the_o right_n of_o property_n and_o as_o to_o the_o superior_n casualty_n and_o therefore_o a_o infeftment_n ase_a not_o confirm_v be_v find_v null_a by_o exception_n though_o clad_v with_o some_o year_n possession_n december_n 4._o 1623._o patton_n contra_fw-la stuart_n and_o find_v null_n though_o the_o confirmation_n be_v past_o the_o privy_a seal_n hope_v confirmation_n hunter_n contra_fw-la dalgleish_n and_o also_o find_v null_a in_o a_o annualrent_n hold_v from_o the_o disponer_n not_o confirm_v hope_n confirmation_n lord_n balmerino_n contra_fw-la coatfield_n but_o if_o there_o be_v any_o mid_a impediment_n betwixt_o the_o charter_n confirm_v and_o the_o confirmation_n it_o exclude_v the_o confirmation_n and_o whole_a right_n as_o a_o apprize_a and_o infeftment_n but_o confirmation_n of_o a_o right_n not_o bear_v to_o be_v hold_v of_o the_o superior_a but_o of_o the_o vastal_n make_v it_o not_o a_o public_a infeftment_n nor_o take_v it_o away_o the_o superior_n ordinary_a casualty_n as_o ward_n but_o only_a recognition_n and_o forefaulture_n hope_n confirmation_n lady_n cathcart_n contra_fw-la vassal_n of_o cathcart_n november_n 17._o 1627._o laird_n of_o clackmannan_n contra_fw-la balnamoon_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o because_o confirmation_n constitute_v right_n hold_v of_o the_o superior_a that_o the_o first_o confirmation_n make_v the_o first_o right_o though_o it_o confirm_v a_o posterior_n infeftment_n from_o the_o vassal_n as_o be_v clear_o determine_v in_o the_o case_n of_o double_a confirmation_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n par._n 1578._o cap._n 66._o which_o be_v not_o introduce_v but_o declare_v by_o that_o act_n and_o hold_v alike_o in_o other_o confirmation_n it_o do_v of_o time_n fall_v to_o be_v doubtful_a whether_o a_o confirmation_n make_v a_o infeftment_n public_a or_o not_o when_o seasine_n be_v take_v upon_o a_o precept_n of_o seasine_n in_o a_o disposition_n which_o disposition_n contain_v obliegment_n for_o infeftment_n de_fw-fr se_fw-la &_o ase_a by_o confirmation_n but_o the_o precept_n of_o seasine_n relate_v not_o special_o to_o either_o obligement_n and_o seasine_n be_v take_v thereupon_o and_o be_v afterward_o confirm_v the_o question_n come_v whether_o this_o be_v only_o a_o confirmation_n of_o a_o base_a infeftment_n to_o exclude_v forefaulture_n or_o recognition_n or_o if_o it_o do_v make_v the_o infeftment_n public_a it_o be_v general_o construct_v as_o a_o public_a infeftment_n as_o be_v find_v july_n 5._o 1680._o bishop_n of_o aberdeen_n contra_fw-la viscount_n of_o kenmure_n 29._o infeftment_n upon_o apprize_a or_o adjudication_n when_o formal_o perfect_v do_v require_v charter_n to_o be_v grant_v by_o the_o superior_n of_o the_o apprise_v land_n or_o other_o real_a right_n the_o tenor_n whereof_o be_v already_o set_v down_o in_o this_o title_n and_o precept_n and_o seasine_n thereupon_o which_o have_v little_a peculiar_a differ_v from_o other_o infeftment_n as_o to_o their_o tenor_n and_o effect_n but_o that_o their_o reddendo_fw-la be_v ordinary_o general_a when_o the_o appryzer_n or_o adjudger_n can_v prove_v or_o instruct_v the_o tenor_n of_o his_o author_n right_o and_o therefore_o do_v bear_v such_o duty_n and_o service_n as_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o author_n right_n which_o the_o superior_a may_v be_v charge_v to_o renew_v and_o make_v special_a so_o soon_o as_o the_o author_n right_n be_v produce_v and_o if_o they_o be_v not_o so_o renew_v they_o be_v understand_v as_o ward-holdings_a but_o for_o renovation_n thereof_o the_o appryzer_n or_o adjudger_n will_v get_v letter_n of_o horning_n summary_o upon_o the_o allowance_n of_o the_o apprize_a or_o adjudication_n which_o will_v not_o be_v exclude_v although_o the_o superior_a have_v already_o grant_v infeftment_n in_o general_a term_n as_o aforesaid_a but_o he_o must_v renew_v the_o same_o according_a to_o the_o special_a tenor_n of_o the_o author_n right_o produce_v and_o that_o without_o any_o new_a composition_n yea_o the_o appryzers_n heir_n upon_o supplication_n will_v obtain_v letter_n of_o horning_n summary_o for_o renew_v the_o same_o and_o so_o will_v his_o singular_a successor_n but_o they_o must_v pay_v a_o year_n rend_v for_o their_o entry_n whether_o their_o title_n be_v apprize_a or_o adjudication_n against_o the_o former_a appryzer_n or_o adjudger_n in_o which_o case_n he_o may_v make_v use_n of_o letter_n of_o horning_n upon_o the_o allowance_n of_o his_o own_o apprize_a and_o though_o his_o title_n be_v a_o voluntary_a disposition_n he_o will_v get_v letter_n of_o horning_n as_o succeed_v in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o former_a appryzer_n or_o adjudger_n to_o renew_v and_o make_v special_a the_o former_a infeftment_n to_o his_o author_n upon_o payment_n of_o a_o year_n duty_n but_o apprize_a and_o adjudication_n be_v legal_a disposition_n and_o conveyance_n of_o the_o author_n infeftment_n we_o shall_v say_v no_o further_o of_o they_o in_o this_o place_n but_o leave_v they_o to_o the_o title_n twenty_o four_o where_o they_o be_v consider_v among_o disposition_n we_o shall_v only_o add_v here_o that_o before_o the_o year_n 1624._o appryzing_n be_v left_a at_o the_o great_a seal_n by_o warrant_n from_o the_o lord_n whence_o precept_n be_v issue_v thereupon_o against_o the_o superior_n to_o infeft_n which_o if_o they_o obey_v not_o charter_n be_v grant_v by_o the_o king_n to_o supply_v their_o vice_n but_o since_o they_o be_v retain_v by_o the_o appryzer_n and_o he_o may_v have_v letter_n of_o horning_n summary_o charge_v the_o superior_n to_o grant_n charter_n and_o precept_n of_o seasine_n as_o be_v aforesaid_a 30._o this_o also_o be_v singular_a in_o appryzing_n and_o adjudication_n that_o a_o real_a right_n of_o fee_n be_v constitute_v thereby_o by_o a_o charge_n of_o horning_n against_o the_o superior_a without_o charter_n or_o seasine_n for_o such_o appryzing_n or_o adjudication_n be_v declare_v effectual_a by_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1661._o cap._n 62._o order_v the_o payment_n of_o debt_n betwixt_o creditor_n and_o debtor_n for_o after_o that_o charge_n no_o infeftment_n upon_o voluntary_a disposition_n or_o upon_o any_o other_o apprize_a or_o adjudication_n can_v be_v grant_v by_o the_o superior_a prefer_v any_o other_o vassal_n to_o the_o appryzer_n or_o adjudger_n who_o he_o
solemnity_n requisite_a in_o infeftment_n there_o use_v to_o be_v many_o clause_n insert_v therein_o all_o which_o we_o can_v follow_v but_o shall_v insist_v in_o the_o most_o ordinar_n and_o and_o important_a these_o be_v union_n erection_n warrandice_n reservation_n provision_n condition_n and_o clause_n irritant_fw-la 44._o union_n be_v the_o conjunction_n or_o incorporation_n of_o land_n or_o tenement_n lie_v discontigue_n or_o several_a kind_n unto_o one_o tenement_n that_o one_o seasine_a may_v suffice_v for_o they_o all_o in_o which_o there_o be_v sometime_o express_v a_o special_a place_n where_o seasine_n shall_v be_v take_v and_o when_o that_o be_v not_o seasine_n upon_o any_o part_n be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o whole_a land_n lie_v contiguous_a be_v natural_o unite_v and_o needs_o no_o union_n so_o that_o seasine_n take_v upon_o any_o of_o they_o extend_v to_o the_o whole_a but_o where_o they_o lie_v discontiguous_a other_o tenement_n be_v interject_v there_o must_v be_v seasine_n take_v upon_o every_o discontiguous_a tenement_n which_o must_v be_v all_o particular_o so_o express_v in_o the_o instrument_n of_o season_n whereof_o one_o will_v serve_v for_o all_o the_o tenement_n or_o otherways_o when_o they_o be_v tenement_n of_o several_a kind_n as_o land_n milns_n fortalices_n and_o fish_n all_o which_o be_v several_a kind_n of_o tenement_n and_o require_v several_a seasine_n and_o pass_v by_o several_a symbol_n or_o token_n as_o land_n by_o earth_n and_o stone_n milns_n by_o the_o clap_n fortalices_n by_o the_o entry_n at_o the_o gate_n and_o enclose_v the_o person_n possess_v and_o exclude_v the_o grant_a of_o the_o possession_n solemn_o conform_v to_o the_o charter_n or_o precept_n union_n can_v be_v constitute_v original_o by_o no_o other_o than_o the_o sovereign_a authority_n concede_v the_o same_o january_n 16._o 1623._o mr._n hendry_n aikin_n contra_fw-la greenlaw_n or_o confirm_v the_o same_o january_n 16._o 1623._o aikin_n contra_fw-la stuart_n and_o therefore_o union_n be_v constitute_v by_o a_o subject_a not_o have_v the_o same_o from_o the_o king_n be_v find_v null_a by_o exception_n at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o possessor_n though_o pretend_v no_o right_n december_n 16._o 1628._o lady_n borthwick_n contra_fw-la scot_n of_o goldylands_n and_o when_o there_o be_v a_o place_n for_o the_o seasine_a of_o the_o union_n a_o seasine_a take_v elsewhere_o reach_v none_o of_o the_o land_n lie_v discontigue_n march_v 19_o 1636._o lady_n dunipace_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o but_o if_o the_o land_n unite_v by_o the_o king_n be_v dispone_v whole_o together_o by_o the_o vassal_n to_o other_o subaltern_o infeft_v the_o union_n stand_v valid_a july_n 12._o 1626._o stuart_n and_o dowglas_n contra_fw-la cranstoun_n home_n repeat_v jan._n 5._o 1627._o which_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n ought_v to_o be_v extend_v to_o subaltern_n infeftment_n of_o a_o annualrent_a of_o a_o barony_n or_o unite_a tenement_n which_o be_v find_v to_o extend_v to_o a_o miln_n and_o to_o land_n lie_v discontigue_n though_o not_o take_v in_o the_o place_n design_v in_o the_o union_n spot_n executor_n lady_n ednem_fw-la contra_fw-la tenant_n of_o ednem_fw-la 45._o erection_n be_v when_o land_n be_v not_o only_o unite_v in_o one_o tenement_n but_o be_v erect_v into_o the_o dignity_n of_o a_o barony_n which_o comprehend_v lordship_n earldom_n etc._n etc._n all_o which_o be_v more_o noble_a title_n of_o a_o barony_n have_v the_o like_a seudal_a effect_n and_o whensoever_o the_o tenement_n be_v grant_v as_o a_o barony_n union_n be_v comprehend_v as_o the_o lesser_a degree_n though_o not_o express_v and_o therefore_o one_o seasine_n carry_v the_o whole_a barony_n and_o all_o milns_n and_o fortalices_n thereupon_o and_o fish_v adjacent_a thereto_o erection_n can_v be_v only_o grant_v by_o the_o sovereign_a authority_n and_o be_v not_o communicable_a by_o the_o subaltern_n infeftment_n though_o the_o union_n employ_v therein_o may_v be_v communicate_v erection_n be_v find_v to_o be_v instruct_v by_o the_o king_n confirmation_n of_o a_o charter_n design_v the_o land_n a_o barony_n though_o it_o be_v not_o a_o barony_n before_o but_o the_o half_a of_o a_o barony_n wherein_o the_o baron_n infeft_v his_o son_n in_o libera_n baronia_n which_o infeftment_n be_v confirm_v by_o the_o king_n do_v constitute_v it_o a_o full_a barony_n whereby_o a_o infeftment_n of_o annualrent_n take_v upon_o a_o part_n of_o the_o land_n affect_v the_o whole_a november_n 16._o 1630._o laird_n of_o clackmanan_n contra_fw-la alardice_n erection_n of_o kirklands_n in_o temporal_a barony_n or_o lordship_n whereby_o the_o lord_n of_o erection_n be_v interject_v betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o the_o fevar_n be_v prohibit_v par._n 1592._o cap._n 119._o and_o par._n 1594._o cap._n 195._o for_o all_o these_o land_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o crown_n par._n 1587._o cap._n 29._o and_o par._n 1633._o cap._n 10._o the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v evident_a that_o such_o erection_n be_v prejudicial_a both_o to_o the_o king_n who_o lose_v his_o casualty_n of_o the_o fevar_n and_o to_o the_o people_n who_o must_v accept_v another_o superior_a in_o stead_n of_o the_o king_n and_o though_o they_o have_v former_o but_o subject_n to_o their_o superior_n yet_o churchman_n be_v much_o more_o easy_a than_o secular_a person_n as_o require_v little_a service_n and_o be_v ashamed_a to_o demand_v rigorous_a rate_n but_o any_o man_n may_v obtain_v the_o land_n he_o have_v in_o property_n hold_v mediate_o of_o the_o king_n which_o be_v kirk-land_n erect_v in_o any_o dignity_n the_o king_n please_v to_o grant_v there_o be_v many_o exception_n in_o the_o act_n of_o annexation_n of_o the_o temporality_n of_o kirk-land_n and_o in_o the_o act_n against_o erection_n by_o which_o the_o kirk-land_n except_v be_v valid_o erect_v and_o all_o the_o erection_n be_v so_o far_o allow_v as_o to_o give_v the_o lord_n of_o erection_n right_n to_o the_o feu-duty_n or_o fruit_n of_o the_o property_n of_o kirk-land_n feve_v till_o they_o be_v redeem_v by_o payment_n of_o ten_o per_fw-la cent_n and_o the_o infeftment_n grant_v to_o the_o vassal_n medio_fw-la tempore_fw-la be_v valid_a but_o the_o casualty_n ought_v still_o to_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n it_o have_v be_v sometime_o question_v whether_o the_o union_n and_o erection_n of_o land_n be_v dissolve_v and_o lose_v by_o a_o infeftment_n of_o a_o part_n thereof_o from_o the_o vassal_n hold_v of_o the_o superior_a by_o resignation_n or_o confirmation_n craig_n l._n 2._o dieges_fw-fr 7._o be_v for_o the_o affirmative_a confirm_v by_o the_o resemblance_n of_o a_o sheaf_n of_o arrow_n bind_v with_o one_o ligament_n for_o if_o one_o arrow_n be_v pull_v out_o all_o become_v louse_n and_o so_o the_o union_n of_o the_o whole_a be_v dissolve_v unless_o the_o superior_a give_v the_o new_a infeftment_n but_o prejudice_n of_o the_o rest_n but_o though_o such_o case_n frequent_o occur_v whereby_o infeftment_n of_o discontiguous_a land_n will_v only_o be_v valid_a as_o to_o the_o contiguous_a land_n upon_o which_o they_o be_v take_v yet_o in_o no_o competition_n or_o other_o process_n have_v it_o be_v observe_v by_o any_o to_o be_v draw_v in_o question_n or_o decide_v so_o that_o we_o have_v ever_o rest_v in_o the_o negative_a and_o the_o consequence_n from_o that_o resemblance_n be_v not_o sufficient_a but_o on_o the_o contrary_a he_o who_o unite_v many_o discontiguous_a land_n unite_v every_o part_n of_o they_o to_o every_o part_n so_o that_o the_o take_v off_o of_o one_o part_n dissolve_v only_o itself_o the_o rest_n remain_v unite_v but_o union_n or_o erection_n do_v not_o change_v the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o land_n unite_v as_o to_o the_o shire_n and_o bailziry_n where_o they_o natural_o lie_v vide_fw-la tit._n confiscatione_n §_o horning_n barony_n and_o unite_a tenement_n when_o they_o be_v original_o grant_v aught_o to_o express_v the_o several_a tenement_n according_a to_o their_o proper_a designation_n and_o so_o express_o unite_v they_o but_o when_o these_o be_v acknowledge_v to_o have_v be_v barony_n or_o otherways_o unite_v or_o be_v name_v or_o defign_v as_o such_o by_o these_o who_o have_v power_n to_o unite_n than_o the_o common_a name_n of_o the_o unite_a barony_n or_o tenement_n be_v sufficient_a to_o carry_v all_o that_o be_v hold_v and_o repute_n as_o part_v and_o pertinent_o thereof_o which_o be_v extend_v to_o land_n as_o part_n of_o a_o common_a designation_n though_o some_o particular_n be_v name_v and_o the_o land_n in_o question_n have_v also_o proper_a name_n and_o be_v express_v in_o the_o ancient_a infeftment_n the_o right_a in_o question_n be_v a_o apprize_a march_v 23._o 1622._o gallowsheils_n contra_fw-la lord_n borthwick_n union_n and_o erection_n be_v as_o quality_n of_o the_o real_a right_n and_o pass_v unto_o singular_a successor_n as_o be_v before_o express_v 46._o warrandice_n be_v either_o real_a when_o infeftment_n be_v give_v of_o one_o tenement_n in_o security_n of_o
be_v give_v and_o expire_v which_o in_o all_o decreet_n proceed_v upon_o citation_n require_v fifteen_o day_n in_o which_o address_n may_v bemade_v to_o the_o lord_n three_o decreet_n of_o baron_n have_v no_o execution_n by_o horning_n which_o go_v of_o course_n upon_o the_o decreet_n precept_n and_o execution_n of_o other_o judge_n ordinary_a so_o that_o all_o the_o execution_n upon_o their_o sentence_n be_v only_o poind_v or_o corporal_a punishment_n as_o to_o which_o if_o there_o be_v any_o process_n for_o capital_a punishment_n the_o lord_n will_v very_o easy_o grant_v advocation_n as_o they_o do_v advocate_n cause_n from_o inferior_a judge_n not_o only_o upon_o incompotency_n but_o upon_o intricacy_n and_o importance_n so_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o important_a than_o the_o life_n of_o man_n they_o will_v easy_o advocate_n such_o process_n wherein_o baron_n shall_v not_o proceed_v summary_o to_o execution_n but_o both_o they_o and_o other_o inferior_a judge_n ordinary_a shall_v after_o sentence_n at_o least_o abide_v term_n of_o law_n by_o the_o space_n of_o fifteen_o day_n that_o the_o lord_n may_v give_v remeed_o by_o advocation_n or_o suspension_n of_o execution_n for_o though_o the_o lord_n have_v not_o criminal_a jurisdiction_n they_o do_v ordinary_o advocate_n and_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n may_v suspend_v criminal_a process_n to_o the_o effect_n the_o same_o may_v be_v remit_v to_o competent_a and_o unsuspect_a judge_n so_o that_o if_o there_o be_v any_o doubtfulness_n in_o the_o case_n the_o lord_n will_v remit_v the_o cause_n to_o the_o justice_n four_o the_o court_n of_o baron_n or_o freeholders_n be_v not_o court_n of_o record_n in_o which_o write_v use_v to_o be_v registrat_n 64._o as_o the_o court_n of_o baron_n and_o freeholders_n have_v these_o restriction_n more_o than_o the_o inferior_a judge_n so_o they_o have_v this_o advantage_n ordinary_o that_o all_o the_o profit_n and_o issue_n of_o their_o court_n belong_v to_o themselves_o whereas_o sheriff_n stewart_n and_o bailiff_n of_o royalty_n be_v countable_a to_o the_o king_n see_v these_o be_v the_o king_n court_n but_o bailiff_n of_o regality_n be_v not_o countable_a because_o though_o they_o be_v the_o king_n court_n yet_o the_o king_n have_v gift_v the_o profit_n of_o the_o court_n by_o the_o erection_n of_o the_o regality_n if_o then_o a_o infeftment_n contain_v court_n the_o profit_v thereof_o be_v carry_v therewith_o though_o not_o express_v but_o ordinary_o they_o bear_v cum_fw-la curiis_fw-la earumque_fw-la exitibus_fw-la and_o therefore_o the_o amerciament_n of_o court_n or_o there_o other_o issue_n or_o there_o privilege_n on_o the_o breaker_n of_o arreeistment_n lose_v their_o tack_n to_o their_o master_n within_o their_o barony_n be_v not_o comprehend_v within_o public_a confiscation_n reserve_v to_o the_o king_n 65._o fortalice_n be_v also_o inter_v regalia_z and_o be_v not_o carry_v by_o the_o fee_n unless_o express_v or_o at_o least_o the_o land_n be_v erect_v in_o barony_n by_o fortalice_n be_v understand_v all_o strength_n build_v for_o public_a defence_n whether_o that_o appear_v by_o common_a fame_n or_o reputation_n such_o as_o all_o the_o king_n castle_n whereof_o many_o be_v now_o in_o private_a hand_n as_o proprietar_n or_o heritable_a keeper_n thereof_o or_o constable_n of_o the_o same_o such_o be_v the_o castle_n of_o dunstafnage_n carrick_n skipnes_n and_o other_o belong_v to_o the_o earl_n of_o argyl_n the_o constabulary_a of_o forfar_n belong_v to_o the_o earl_n of_o strathmore_n the_o constabulary_a of_o dundie_n now_o belong_v to_o the_o lord_n hattoun_n and_o when_o these_o castle_n be_v dispone_v either_o in_o property_n or_o custody_n the_o infeftment_n thereof_o carry_v therewith_o not_o only_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o castle_n but_o the_o dependency_n thereof_o as_o garden_n orchard_n park_n meadow_n and_o other_o ground_n possess_v by_o the_o king_n or_o keeper_n for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o castle_n and_o all_o rent_n annuity_n jurisdiction_n and_o privilege_n thereunto_o belong_v which_o may_v be_v instruct_v by_o their_o charter_n their_o court-book_n or_o other_o write_v or_o instrument_n and_o even_o by_o witness_n prove_v long_a possession_n albeit_o the_o infeftment_n of_o constabulary_a bear_v only_o in_o general_n officium_fw-la constabularii_fw-la cum_fw-la feodis_fw-la &_o divoriis_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la which_o be_v find_v to_o extend_v to_o the_o proclaim_n and_o ride_v of_o fair_n anterior_a to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o office_n and_o exerce_v criminal_a jurisdiction_n in_o the_o town_n where_o the_o fair_n be_v hold_v during_o these_o fair_n but_o not_o to_o extend_v to_o other_o fair_n recent_o grant_v by_o the_o king_n or_o to_o jurisdiction_n at_o other_o time_n july_n 18._o 1676._o earl_n of_o kinghorn_n contra_fw-la town_n of_o forfar_n the_o like_a be_v do_v in_o the_o process_n betwixt_o hattoun_n and_o the_o town_n of_o dundie_n in_o anno_fw-la 1679._o wherein_o multitude_n of_o witness_n be_v examine_v upon_o either_o part_n and_o the_o emolument_n privilege_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o constabulary_a be_v decern_v according_a to_o the_o probation_n and_o particular_o 20_o shilling_n sterling_a yearly_a for_o which_o the_o town_n of_o dundie_n count_v in_o exchequer_n as_o belong_v to_o the_o constable_n which_o be_v find_v to_o belong_v to_o the_o office_n albeit_o there_o be_v a_o discharge_n thereof_o grant_v to_o the_o town_n by_o scrymzour_n constable_n of_o dundie_n which_o be_v not_o find_v effectual_a against_o hattoun_n his_o singular_a successor_n in_o the_o office_n by_o appryse_v december_n 9_o 1679._o inter_fw-la eosdem_fw-la 66._o the_o case_n be_v more_o doubtful_a as_o to_o other_o fortalice_n which_o be_v not_o repute_v to_o have_v be_v the_o king_n castle_n craig_n opinion_n be_v that_o all_o strong_a hold_n be_v presume_v to_o have_v be_v build_v for_o public_a defence_n and_o not_o for_o private_a safety_n wherein_o turris_fw-la pinnata_fw-la be_v comprehend_v have_v turret_n or_o round_n upon_o the_o angles_n from_o whence_o shot_n may_v be_v direct_v alongst_o all_o the_o wall_n and_o therefore_o much_o more_o may_v castle_n with_o bartizen_n or_o band_n that_o be_v strong_a and_o high_a wall_n surround_v the_o castle_n or_o if_o the_o castle_n be_v build_v upon_o a_o place_n natural_o strong_a which_o may_v give_v suspicion_n to_o the_o king_n to_o be_v a_o occasion_n of_o rebellion_n and_o not_o to_o be_v patent_n and_o accessible_a at_o his_o pleasure_n and_o most_o of_o all_o if_o there_o be_v regular_a fortification_n of_o stone_n or_o earth_n certain_o such_o fortress_n or_o fortification_n whereby_o place_n be_v make_v of_o that_o strength_n which_o be_v accustom_v to_o secure_v against_o public_a enemy_n in_o war_n may_v not_o be_v build_v without_o the_o king_n warrant_n and_o if_o otherwise_o build_v may_v be_v demolish_v and_o the_o builder_n punish_v but_o long_a possession_n presume_v a_o warrant_n and_o as_o such_o fortalice_n may_v be_v presume_v to_o have_v be_v at_o first_o the_o king_n from_o the_o very_a inspection_n of_o the_o fortalice_n and_o its_o proper_a use_n so_o long_a possession_n may_v take_v off_o that_o presumption_n and_o that_o they_o have_v be_v build_v main_o for_o private_a use_n in_o time_n of_o trouble_n with_o the_o king_n consent_n but_o we_o need_v not_o insist_v in_o these_o question_n see_v tower_n and_o fortalice_n do_v now_o pass_v in_o course_n in_o charter_n yet_o though_o these_o be_v express_v if_o it_o appear_v the_o fortress_n have_v belong_v to_o the_o king_n and_o can_v be_v comprehend_v in_o the_o annex_v property_n the_o right_a of_o they_o will_v only_o resolve_v into_o a_o heritable_a keep_n so_o that_o the_o king_n in_o time_n of_o war_n or_o insurrection_n may_v make_v use_n of_o such_o strong_a hold_n and_o put_v garrison_n therein_o see_v keep_v do_v not_o exclude_v the_o king_n own_o necessary_a use_n neither_o will_v the_o express_v of_o fortalice_n general_o empower_v the_o vassal_n to_o build_v such_o strength_n as_o be_v proper_a for_o public_a war_n because_o the_o clause_n can_v only_o import_v such_o fortalice_n as_o then_o be_v build_v but_o i_o see_v no_o ground_n to_o extend_v fortalice_n to_o all_o house_n with_o batlement_n or_o with_o turret_n or_o round_n which_o can_v only_o infer_v private_a safety_n against_o robber_n plunderer_n or_o fly_a party_n but_o nothing_o proper_a for_o a_o siege_n or_o public_a defence_n of_o a_o kingdom_n and_o therefore_o these_o may_v pass_v as_o house_n or_o pertinent_o and_o as_o to_o that_o ground_n craig_n adduce_n that_o it_o be_v treason_n to_o hold_v any_o fortalice_n against_o the_o king_n or_o to_o deny_v he_o or_o these_o commission_v by_o he_o access_n by_o arm_a force_n and_o yet_o delivery_n of_o any_o other_o private_a right_n may_v be_v refuse_v to_o the_o king_n without_o hazard_n whence_o he_o infer_v that_o the_o king_n must_v have_v great_a right_o and_o interest_n in_o
superior_n must_v be_v call_v 73._o all_o other_o interest_n of_o fee_n be_v carry_v as_o part_v and_o pertinent_a though_o they_o be_v not_o express_v and_o albeit_o wood_n and_o loch_n use_v oft_o to_o be_v express_v yet_o they_o be_v comprehend_v under_o part_n and_o pertinent_o and_o therefore_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ground_n have_v not_o only_o right_a to_o the_o water_n in_o loch_n but_o to_o the_o ground_n thereof_o and_o may_v drain_n the_o same_o unless_o servitude_n be_v fix_v to_o water-gangs_a of_o milns_n or_o other_o work_n and_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o loch_n and_o all_o that_o be_v upon_o it_o or_o under_o it_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o fee_n but_o if_o the_o loch_n be_v not_o whole_o within_o the_o fee_n but_o partly_o within_o or_o adjacent_a to_o the_o fee_n of_o another_o then_o unless_o the_o loch_n be_v express_v it_o will_v be_v divide_v among_o the_o fiars_n who_o land_n front_v thereupon_o the_o part_n of_o fee_n be_v only_o express_v in_o bound_a charter_n but_o in_o all_o other_o the_o part_n be_v only_o know_v by_o the_o common_a reputation_n of_o the_o neighbourhood_n what_o they_o comprehend_v under_o the_o designation_n express_v in_o the_o infeftment_n and_o by_o possession_n as_o part_v and_o pertinent_a of_o the_o land_n design_v in_o the_o infeftment_n whether_o they_o have_v but_o one_o common_a designation_n as_o such_o a_o barony_n or_o tenement_n or_o if_o there_o be_v a_o enumeration_n of_o their_o part_n by_o distinct_a name_n which_o do_v not_o exclude_v other_o part_n though_o belong_v to_o none_o of_o the_o part_n enumerat_a there_o be_v only_o this_o difference_n that_o express_a infeftment_n be_v preferable_a to_o these_o which_o allege_v but_o part_n and_o pertinent_a much_o more_o if_o it_o be_v allege_v to_o be_v separatum_fw-la tenementum_fw-la require_v a_o distinct_a infeftment_n and_o yet_o prescription_n as_o part_v and_o pertinent_a will_v exclude_v a_o infeftment_n as_o a_o separate_a tenement_n but_o where_o there_o be_v march-stone_n set_v it_o be_v a_o great_a convenience_n to_o preserve_v peaceable_a possession_n and_o though_o it_o can_v be_v prove_v when_o these_o march_n be_v set_v yet_o their_o be_v repute_n as_o march-stone_n will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o defend_v at_o any_o time_n within_o prescription_n but_o land_n be_v ofttimes_o so_o large_a comprehend_v mure_n and_o mountain_n that_o march-stone_n can_v be_v set_v for_o remeid_v whereof_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n by_o a_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la 1580._o ratify_v in_o par._n 1587._o cap._n 42._o ordain_v all_o molestation_n in_o property_n or_o commontie_z in_o possessorso_fw-it to_o be_v before_o sheriff_n baily_n of_o regality_n and_o other_o inferior_a ordinar_n judge_n where_o the_o land_n lie_v and_o for_o that_o effect_n the_o lord_n will_v direct_v letter_n of_o cognition_n to_o proceed_v upon_o fifteen_o day_n warn_v by_o a_o inquest_n of_o person_n who_o best_o know_v the_o matter_n the_o most_o part_n thereof_o be_v landed-man_n have_v at_o least_o four_o plough_n of_o land_n or_o three_o hundred_o mark_n of_o irredeemable_a rent_n and_o the_o rest_n substantious_a famous_a zeamans_n of_o the_o same_o paroch_n and_o fail_v thereof_o of_o the_o paroch_n near_a adjacent_a and_o if_o both_o party_n have_v cognition_n raise_v before_o litiscontestation_n on_o either_o the_o half_a of_o the_o assyzer_n shall_v be_v take_v of_o these_o summon_v for_o either_o party_n or_o in_o case_n there_o be_v not_o a_o sufficient_a number_n of_o they_o habile_fw-la the_o judge_n shall_v supply_v the_o same_o and_o the_o odd_a man_n to_o be_v choose_v by_o lot_n which_o inquest_n shall_v visit_v the_o ground_n and_o shall_v return_v their_o verdict_n upon_o oath_n both_o upon_o the_o claim_n and_o exception_n of_o the_o party_n and_o in_o case_n the_o judge_n ordinar_n be_v suspect_v or_o that_o the_o land_n lie_v in_o divers_a jurisdiction_n the_o lord_n be_v to_o appoint_v unsuspect_v judge_n to_o be_v pass_v under_o the_o quarter_n seal_v there_o be_v only_o except_v the_o action_n belong_v to_o the_o member_n of_o the_o college_n of_o justice_n which_o be_v to_o be_v before_o the_o lord_n yet_o the_o lord_n be_v accustom_v to_o grant_v commission_n to_o some_o of_o their_o own_o number_n where_o question_n arise_v concern_v the_o part_n or_o march_n of_o tenement_n to_o visit_v the_o ground_n and_o there_o to_o receive_v witness_n hinc_fw-la inde_fw-la both_o as_o to_o possession_n and_o interruption_n which_o the_o lord_n do_v advise_v and_o determine_v without_o a_o inquest_n part_n of_o tenement_n in_o possessorio_fw-la be_v sustain_v by_o the_o present_a peaceable_a possession_n for_o some_o time_n for_o seven_o year_n peaceable_a possession_n will_v sustain_v the_o right_n of_o the_o whole_a till_o reduction_n and_o forty_o year_n possession_n as_o part_v and_o pertinent_a be_v sufficient_a in_o petitorio_fw-la for_o the_o point_n of_o right_n and_o will_v exclude_v a_o infeftment_n express_v yea_o though_o it_o be_v a_o infeftment_n as_o distinctum_fw-la tenementum_fw-la november_n 14._o 1671._o walter_z young_z contra_fw-la william_n carmichael_n but_o if_o there_o be_v interruption_n and_o that_o either_o party_n have_v have_v some_o possession_n the_o express_a infeftment_n will_v be_v preferable_a and_o any_o lawful_a interruption_n will_v preserve_v a_o infeftment_n of_o a_o separate_a tenement_n but_o if_o neither_o party_n be_v express_o infeft_v in_o the_o land_n in_o question_n interruption_n by_o either_o party_n will_v not_o exclude_v prescription_n because_o there_o be_v not_o a_o prior_n special_a right_n valid_a of_o itself_o without_o possession_n and_o therefore_o if_o both_o party_n have_v have_v mutual_a or_o promiscuous_a possession_n each_o possess_v when_o they_o can_v and_o turn_v off_o the_o other_o that_o part_n of_o the_o land_n so_o possess_v will_v continue_v as_o a_o promiscuous_a commontie_z which_o frequent_o fall_v out_o about_o the_o march_n of_o large_a tenement_n and_o be_v so_o determine_v betwixt_o the_o lord_n strathoord_n and_o sir_n thomas_n stuart_n of_o gairntully_n if_o neither_o party_n have_v a_o express_v or_o several_a infeftment_n discontiguity_n will_v not_o exclude_v part_n and_o pertinent_a though_o if_o the_o question_n be_v with_o he_o to_o who_o the_o land_n be_v contiguous_a less_o probation_n will_v prefer_v he_o craig_n l._n 2._o dieges_fw-fr 3._o relate_v a_o case_n in_o his_o time_n betwixt_o the_o earl_n of_o angus_n and_o hoom_n of_o polwart_n where_o discontiguity_n do_v not_o exclude_v part_n and_o pertinent_a not_o be_v know_v as_o a_o distinct_a tenement_n pertinent_o comprehend_v all_o the_o natural_a fruit_n for_o corn_n be_v account_v as_o movable_a and_o as_o no_o part_n of_o the_o ground_n as_o have_v be_v show_v in_o the_o former_a title_n section_n second_o and_o also_o all_o servitude_n so_o a_o servitude_n of_o a_o pasturage_n in_o another_o heretors_n wood_n be_v sustain_v as_o a_o pertinent_a by_o long_a possession_n spot_n servitude_n laird_n of_o knockdolian_n contra_fw-la tenant_n of_o partick_n and_o part_n and_o pertinent_a be_v express_v in_o a_o minute_n of_o sale_n it_o be_v find_v to_o carry_v common_a pasturage_n in_o a_o mure_n which_o be_v a_o commontie_z to_o a_o barony_n whereof_o the_o land_n sell_v be_v a_o part_n february_n 14._o 1668._o william_n borthwick_n contra_fw-la lord_n borthwick_n and_o in_o the_o case_n betwixt_o the_o laird_n of_o hain_v and_o town_n of_o selkirk_n decide_v february_n 15._o 1668._o a_o barony_n of_o the_o king_n cum_fw-la pertinentibus_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la pascuis_fw-la &_o pasturis_fw-la be_v find_v to_o carry_v common_a pasturage_n in_o the_o mure_n of_o the_o barony_n and_o that_o the_o last_o forty_o year_n possession_n do_v presume_v the_o like_a possession_n in_o the_o fevar_n from_o the_o obtain_n their_o feve_n and_o that_o interruption_n by_o the_o town_n who_o infeftment_n be_v but_o general_a cum_fw-la communiis_fw-la do_v not_o exclude_v the_o pasturage_n of_o the_o fever_n who_o have_v also_o make_v interruption_n against_o the_o town_n 74._o craig_n l._n 2._o dieges_fw-fr 8._o debate_n this_o question_n whether_o wood_n and_o coal_n be_v part_n of_o the_o ground_n or_o only_o pertinent_a as_o fruit_n thereof_o for_o if_o these_o be_v part_n of_o the_o ground_n conjunct-feers_a or_o liferenter_n will_v have_v no_o share_n thereof_o nor_o donatar_n of_o ward_n nonentry_n or_o liferent-escheat_n so_o that_o the_o question_n be_v very_o important_a wherein_o he_o relate_v two_o decision_n one_o betwixt_o the_o lord_n seatoun_n and_o his_o mother_n who_o be_v serve_v to_o a_o terce_n be_v find_v to_o have_v right_a to_o the_o three_o of_o a_o coal-work_n constant_o go_v for_o sale_n in_o the_o defunct_n time_n and_o another_o betwixt_o ramsay_n of_o dalhousie_n and_o mary_n ballantine_n his_o predecessor_n relict_n in_o relation_n to_o a_o wood_n which_o the_o fire_n be_v find_v to_o have_v the_o only_a right_o to_o sell_v and_o
fall_v by_o reduction_n or_o nullity_n of_o infeftment_n or_o retour_n 20._o burgage_n fall_v not_o in_o nonentrie_n as_o to_o the_o burgh_n or_o particular_a person_n 21._o the_o effect_n of_o the_o general_a declarator_n of_o nonentry_n 22._o the_o effect_n of_o nonentrie_n after_o citation_n in_o the_o general_a declarator_n 23._o exception_n against_o nonentry_n as_o to_o the_o feu-dutie_n or_o retoured_a mail_n 24._o exception_n against_o nonentrie_n as_o to_o the_o full_a rent_n 25._o whether_o nonentrie_n after_o ward_n require_v declarator_n 26._o the_o original_a of_o relief_n 27._o the_o custom_n of_o england_n and_o france_n as_o to_o relief_n 28._o the_o quantity_n of_o relief_n with_o we_o 29._o whether_o relief_n be_v due_a during_o nonentrie_n 30._o whether_o relief_n be_v due_a when_o the_o heir_n be_v enter_v whether_o the_o fee_n be_v burden_v with_o conjunct-fee_n or_o liferent_a 31._o relief_n stop_v not_o the_o heir_n seasine_n 32._o composition_n for_o the_o entry_n of_o appryzer_n or_o adjudger_n 33._o the_o original_a of_o ward_n 34._o the_o effect_n of_o ward_n as_o to_o the_o heir_n person_n 35._o the_o effect_n of_o ward_n as_o to_o the_o fee._n 36._o the_o restriction_n of_o ward_n 37._o the_o value_n of_o the_o marriage_n of_o heir_n of_o ward-vassal_n 38._o the_o true_a interest_n of_o superior_n in_o the_o marriage_n of_o their_o vassal_n 39_o the_o single_a value_n of_o marriage_n not_o penal_a but_o favourable_a 40._o double_o value_v penal_a and_o unfavourable_a with_o the_o exception_n against_o it_o 41._o single_a value_n find_v due_a where_o the_o heir_n be_v marry_v before_o his_o predecessor_n die_v by_o precipitation_n 42._o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o single_a value_n in_o heir_n male_a or_o female_a 43._o marriage_n be_v debitum_fw-la fundi_fw-la 44._o it_o belong_v to_o the_o elder_a superior_a 45._o the_o royal_a prerogative_n prefer_v the_o king_n to_o all_o other_o as_o to_o the_o marriage_n of_o the_o vassal_n 46._o marriage_n be_v due_a by_o the_o heir_n of_o appryzer_n 47._o exception_n against_o the_o value_n of_o marriage_n 48._o the_o rise_n of_o liferent-escheat_n 49._o it_o extend_v to_o all_o kind_n of_o liferent_n 50._o liferent_n of_o fee_n not_o have_v infeftment_n or_o not_o owe_v fidelity_n to_o a_o subject_a belong_v to_o the_o king_n 51._o liferent_a escheat_n of_o sub-vassal_n to_o who_o they_o belong_v 52._o liferent_a escheat_n be_v not_o exclude_v by_o voluntary_a infeftment_n after_o denunciation_n not_o be_v for_o implement_n of_o a_o special_a obligement_n to_o infeft_v before_o denunciation_n 53._o liferent_a escheat_n be_v exclude_v by_o apprize_a for_o debt_n anterior_a to_o the_o rebellion_n there_o be_v infeftment_n or_o charge_v in_o cursu_fw-la rebellionis_fw-la 54._o liferent_a esche_n it_o extend_v not_o to_o burgage_n or_o mortification_n 55._o but_o extend_v to_o minister_n stipend_n 56._o liferent_a escheat_n be_v make_v effectual_a by_o declarator_n have_v now_o show_v what_o be_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o vassal_n in_o the_o fee_n it_o will_v be_v the_o more_o easy_a to_o find_v out_o what_o the_o superior_n right_o of_o the_o superiority_n retain_v for_o what_o be_v proper_a to_o the_o fee_n and_o be_v not_o dispone_v to_o the_o vassal_n be_v reserve_v to_o the_o superior_a and_o it_o be_v either_o constitute_v as_o belong_v to_o the_o superior_a constant_o or_o casual_o 1._o the_o constant_a right_n of_o the_o superior_a stand_v main_o in_o these_o particular_n first_o superiority_n itself_o be_v dominium_fw-la directum_fw-la as_o the_o tenentry_n be_v but_o dominium_fw-la utile_fw-la as_o before_o be_v show_v and_o therefore_o the_o superior_a must_v be_v infeft_v as_o well_o as_o the_o vassal_n and_o that_o in_o the_o land_n and_o tenement_n itself_o without_o mention_n of_o the_o superiority_n which_o follow_v but_o upon_o the_o concession_n of_o the_o fee_n in_o tenentry_n though_o sometime_o through_o the_o ignorance_n of_o writer_n infeftment_n bear_v express_o to_o be_v of_o the_o superiority_n 2._o only_o the_o sovereign_a authority_n as_o the_o common_a fountain_n of_o all_o right_n of_o the_o ground_n need_v no_o infeftment_n but_o have_v his_o right_n found_v in_o jure_fw-la communi_fw-la and_o be_v not_o feudal_n but_o allodial_a and_o when_o the_o right_a of_o land_n fall_v to_o the_o king_n by_o the_o casuality_n of_o his_o superiority_n as_o forefaulture_n recognition_n bastardy_n or_o last_o heir_n if_o the_o land_n be_v hold_v immediate_o of_o the_o king_n they_o be_v ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la consolidat_fw-la with_o the_o superiority_n and_o the_o declarator_n require_v thereanent_a do_v not_o constitute_v but_o declare_v the_o king_n right_o without_o prejudice_n of_o what_o be_v consume_v bona_fw-la fide_fw-la but_o where_o they_o be_v not_o hold_v immediate_o of_o the_o king_n the_o right_a thereof_o be_v perfect_v by_o gift_n and_o presentation_n whereby_o the_o immediate_a superior_a be_v oblige_v to_o receive_v the_o donatar_n by_o infeftment_n like_a to_o that_o of_o his_o former_a vassal_n yet_o the_o king_n right_o by_o the_o casuality_n though_o it_o be_v not_o perfect_v be_v real_a and_o effectual_a against_o all_o singular_a successor_n whereby_o deed_n of_o treason_n and_o recognition_n be_v in_o fact_n ordinary_o prove_v by_o witness_n purchaser_n can_v be_v secure_v by_o any_o register_n and_o therefore_o must_v secure_v themselves_o by_o the_o king_n confirmation_n &_o novo_fw-la damus_fw-la but_o where_o the_o king_n succeed_v in_o any_o fee_n to_o a_o subject_a as_o to_o property_n or_o superiority_n before_o he_o can_v alienat_fw-la the_o same_o he_o must_v be_v serve_v heir_n in_o special_a thereunto_o so_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o be_v serve_v heir_n to_o queen_n ann_n his_o mother_n in_o the_o lordship_n of_o dumfermling_n in_o which_o king_n james_n infeft_v she_o in_o fee_n to_o she_o and_o her_o heir_n by_o a_o morning-gift_n the_o first_o day_n after_o his_o marriage_n with_o she_o and_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o be_v serve_v heir_n to_o charles_n duke_n of_o lennox_n in_o the_o earldom_n of_o lennox_n in_o which_o service_n the_o chancellor_n and_o fourteen_o of_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n be_v the_o inquest_n the_o young_a lord_n be_v leave_v out_o because_o there_o can_v be_v no_o more_o but_o fifteen_o but_o the_o king_n need_v no_o infeftment_n upon_o such_o retour_n but_o if_o he_o acquire_v any_o land_n hold_v immediate_o of_o himself_o the_o instrument_n of_o resignation_n must_v be_v registrat_n and_o if_o hold_v of_o a_o subject_a there_o arise_v no_o real_a right_n to_o a_o donatar_a till_o he_o be_v infeft_v upon_o the_o king_n presentation_n and_o his_o seasine_a registrat_n by_o both_o which_o the_o certainty_n of_o land-rights_a be_v preserve_v 3._o second_o superiority_n carry_v a_o right_a to_o all_o action_n follow_v the_o land_n against_o any_o other_o than_o the_o vassal_n for_o see_v superior_n be_v infeft_v in_o the_o land_n they_o can_v only_o be_v repel_v from_o such_o action_n by_o the_o right_n grant_v to_o their_o vassal_n but_o by_o no_o other_o and_o so_o may_v remove_v possessor_n who_o can_v show_v no_o right_n this_o be_v find_v though_o the_o superior_n infeftment_n bear_v he_o only_o to_o be_v infeft_v in_o the_o superiority_n of_o the_o land_n november_n 19_o 1624._o lag_a contra_fw-la his_o tenant_n 4._o if_o a_o superior_a become_v fire_n by_o succession_n or_o acquisition_n for_o establish_v the_o property_n in_o his_o person_n he_o may_v either_o be_v infeft_v upon_o his_o own_o precept_n or_o the_o king_n november_n 26._o 1668._o daughter_n of_o mr._n robert_n mortoun_n 5._o but_o a_o superior_a can_v interpose_v betwixt_o himself_o and_o his_o vassal_n by_o infeft_v another_o in_o the_o land_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o himself_o such_o infeftment_n be_v find_v null_a by_o exception_n january_n 30._o 1671._o dowglas_n of_o kelhead_n contra_fw-la vassal_n superior_n must_v receive_v and_o infeft_v their_o sub-vassal_n upon_o the_o refusal_n or_o incapacity_n of_o the_o vassal_n and_o may_v at_o any_o time_n after_o receive_v the_o immediate_a vassal_n or_o his_o successor_n or_o another_o if_o the_o immediate_a vassal_n right_o be_v extinct_a or_o acquire_v by_o the_o superior_a which_o be_v no_o unwarrantable_a interposition_n which_o be_v repel_v as_o contrary_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o feudal_n contract_n and_o right_o it_o be_v inconsistent_a that_o the_o superior_a shall_v both_o give_v his_o superiority_n to_o another_o and_o claim_v it_o himself_o dans_fw-fr &_o retinens_fw-la nihil_fw-la that_fw-mi and_o if_o that_o be_v allow_v interpose_a vassal_n may_v be_v infinite_o multiply_v november_n 26._o 1672._o earl_n of_o argyle_n contra_fw-la mcleod_n in_o which_o case_n the_o late_a marquis_n of_o argyle_n be_v forefault_n mcleod_n who_o be_v argyles_n vassal_n be_v retour_v and_o infeft_v in_o the_o land_n as_o hold_v immediate_o of_o the_o king_n which_o do_v not_o hinder_v the_o king_n to_o interpose_v this_o
earl_n of_o argile_n as_o donatar_n to_o his_o father_n forefaulture_n see_v the_o king_n have_v do_v no_o deed_n to_o accept_v mcleod_n as_o his_o immediate_a vassal_n but_o that_o he_o be_v infeft_v by_o precept_n out_o of_o the_o chanclery_n pass_v of_o course_n 6._o superior_n nor_o their_o donatar_n need_v not_o instruct_v the_o superior_n right_a but_o the_o vassal_n must_v acknowledge_v it_o or_o disclaim_v he_o upon_o his_o peril_n so_o it_o be_v find_v in_o the_o casuality_n of_o marriage_n february_n 25._o 1662._o arbuthnet_n contra_fw-la keith_n which_o will_v not_o hold_v if_o the_o right_n of_o superiority_n be_v new_o acquire_v and_o no_o infeftment_n give_v to_o the_o vassal_n or_o his_o predecessor_n by_o virtue_n thereof_o the_o superior_n infeftment_n give_v he_o interest_n to_o pursue_v reduction_n and_o improbation_n against_o all_o party_n even_o against_o his_o own_o vassal_n who_o will_v be_v force_v to_o produce_v their_o right_n under_o the_o certification_n to_o be_v declare_v null_n or_o false_a and_o feign_a though_o when_o they_o be_v produce_v they_o may_v defend_v they_o 7._o superiority_n carry_v a_o right_a to_o the_o service_n and_o duty_n contain_v in_o the_o vassal_n reddendo_fw-la and_o that_o not_o only_o personal_o against_o the_o vassal_n upon_o any_o personal_a obligation_n or_o contract_n in_o write_n but_o also_o by_o virtue_n of_o intromission_n in_o meddle_v with_o the_o fruit_n and_o profit_n of_o the_o land_n for_o all_o such_o intromettor_n may_v be_v pursue_v and_o distress_v personal_o for_o the_o duty_n contain_v in_o the_o reddendo_fw-la which_o be_v grant_v to_o master_n of_o the_o ground_n for_o their_o tack_v duty_n against_o tenant_n and_o all_o intromettor_n with_o the_o rent_n be_v much_o more_o competent_a to_o the_o superior_a for_o his_o feu-duty_n or_o other_o service_n in_o kind_n how_o far_o this_o will_v be_v extend_v to_o blensh-duty_n have_v be_v show_v in_o the_o former_a title_n and_o as_o to_o service_n which_o be_v annual_a as_o win_v and_o lead_v of_o peat_n etc._n etc._n these_o be_v not_o due_a if_o they_o be_v not_o require_v yearly_o in_o due_a time_n whether_o they_o be_v due_a by_o vassal_n to_o the_o superior_a or_o tenant_n to_o their_o master_n january_n penult_n 1624._o carnowsie_a contra_fw-la keith_n so_o service_n of_o harrage_n and_o carriage_n in_o a_o feu-duty_n be_v find_v not_o due_a but_o when_o demand_v within_o the_o year_n june_n 27._o 1662._o mr._n david_n watson_n contra_fw-la mr._n james_n elleis_n 8._o but_o also_o the_o superiority_n carry_v the_o right_a to_o the_o duty_n of_o the_o reddendo_fw-la real_o against_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o fee_n for_o which_o he_o have_v action_n of_o poind_v of_o the_o ground_n against_o the_o vassal_n and_o all_o singular_a successor_n to_o he_o whereby_o he_o may_v appryze_v the_o good_n upon_o the_o ground_n or_o the_o ground-right_a and_o property_n of_o the_o land_n the_o say_n duty_n be_v liquidat_n upon_o repayment_n whereof_o the_o land_n be_v redeemable_a as_o in_o other_o appryzing_n 9_o superiority_n carry_v the_o right_a of_o jurisdiction_n over_o the_o vassal_n land_n and_o inhabitant_n thereof_o if_o the_o same_o be_v grant_v to_o the_o superior_a in_o his_o own_o infeftment_n either_o implicit_o as_o be_v a_o barony_n lordship_n or_o earldom_n or_o express_o have_v the_o power_n of_o court_n and_o their_o issue_n and_o though_o the_o superior_a grant_v the_o same_o to_o the_o vassal_n yet_o that_o be_v not_o exclusive_a of_o his_o own_o right_n but_o cumulative_a therewith_o how_o far_o superiority_n carry_v the_o right_a of_o thirlage_n of_o the_o vassal_n land_n to_o their_o superior_n milns_n when_o the_o vassal_n have_v not_o grant_v to_o they_o the_o privilege_n of_o milns_n and_o multar_n will_v appear_v among_o servitude_n of_o which_o hereafter_o 10._o superiority_n carry_v all_o the_o casualty_n thereof_o require_v declarator_n to_o heir_n and_o singular_a successor_n hoc_fw-la ipso_fw-la that_o they_o have_v the_o superiority_n establish_v in_o their_o person_n and_o do_v not_o fall_v to_o the_o executor_n of_o the_o superior_a as_o to_o bygone_n before_o his_o death_n unless_o gift_v or_o liquidat_n by_o sentence_n march_v 5._o 1611._o dowglas_n contra_fw-la captain_n crawford_n february_n 19_o 1635._o cunninghame_n contra_fw-la stuart_n july_n 11._o 1673._o robert_n fa_fw-it contra_fw-la lord_n balmerino_n and_o laird_n of_o pourie_n but_o feu-duty_n or_o any_o casuality_n may_v be_v separate_a from_o the_o superiority_n by_o sentence_n or_o assignation_n and_o therefore_o a_o disposition_n of_o the_o superiority_n be_v find_v to_o imply_v a_o assignation_n to_o the_o feu-duty_n by-gone_a which_o be_v to_o the_o vassal_n himself_o need_v no_o intimation_n and_o be_v valid_a against_o a_o singular_a successor_n infeft_v in_o the_o land_n in_o superiority_n december_n 14._o 1676._o earl_n of_o argile_n contra_fw-la lord_n mcdonald_n 11._o a_o superior_a of_o kirk-land_n pursue_v his_o vassal_n for_o his_o reddendo_fw-la be_v not_o exclude_v till_o he_o instruct_v that_o he_o consent_v to_o the_o surrender_n conform_v to_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1633._o annex_v the_o superiority_n of_o kirk-land_n to_o the_o crown_n reserve_v the_o feu-duty_n to_o the_o lord_n of_o erection_n who_o consent_v to_o the_o surrender_n which_o be_v presume_v in_o possessorio_fw-la june_n 27._o 1662._o mr._n david_n watson_n contra_fw-la mr._n james_n elleis_n 12._o superior_n be_v oblige_v to_o receive_v appryzer_n or_o adjudger_n for_o a_o year_n duty_n albeit_o the_o superior_a allege_v a_o better_a right_o than_o the_o appryzer_n but_o the_o infeftment_n to_o bear_v salvo_fw-la jure_fw-la cujuslibet_fw-la &_o svo_fw-la july_n 4._o 1667._o george_n shein_n contra_fw-la james_n chrystie_n yet_o a_o superior_a have_v receive_v a_o appryzer_n be_v not_o find_v exclude_v from_o any_o right_n to_o the_o property_n though_o he_o make_v no_o reservation_n thereof_o see_v his_o receive_n be_v necessary_a july_n 19_o 1664._o hospital_n of_o glasgow_n contra_fw-la robert_n campbel_n but_o a_o superior_a be_v charge_v to_o receive_v a_o adjudger_n be_v find_v to_o have_v his_o option_n either_o to_o receive_v he_o for_o a_o year_n rent_n or_o to_o pay_v the_o sum_n adjudge_v for_o get_v assignation_n to_o the_o adjudication_n be_v redeemable_a by_o the_o vassal_n from_o the_o superior_a and_o without_o any_o year_n entry_n to_o be_v pay_v at_o redemption_n see_v the_o vassal_n be_v not_o change_v as_o be_v provide_v par._n 1439._o cap._n 36._o june_n 10._o 1671._o sir_n francis_n scot_n of_o thirlestain_n contra_fw-la lord_n drumlanerk_n 13._o and_o a_o superior_a be_v also_o oblige_v to_o receive_v a_o donatar_n upon_o the_o king_n presentation_n gratis_o without_o present_a payment_n of_o the_o nonentry_n duty_n till_o declarator_n and_o if_o he_o refuse_v he_o lose_v his_o superiority_n during_o his_o life_n june_n 25._o 1680._o laird_n of_o blair_n contra_fw-la lord_n montgomerie_n 14._o a_o superior_a must_v also_o receive_v his_o sub-vassal_n who_o his_o immediate_a vassal_n refuse_v to_o enter_v without_o further_a instruct_v of_o the_o vassal_n right_o but_o by_o receipt_n of_o the_o feu-duty_n by_o he_o as_o superior_a wherein_o the_o mediate_v superior_a supplet_fw-la vicem_fw-la of_o the_o immediate_a salvo_fw-la jure_fw-la june_n 28._o 1672._o menzies_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o 〈◊〉_d yet_o a_o superior_a can_v exclude_v a_o appryzer_n or_o adjudger_n within_o the_o legal_a from_o the_o rent_n of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d till_o he_o pay_v a_o year_n rend_v december_n 3._o 1672._o mr._n hendry_n hay_o contra_fw-la earlstoun_n 15._o and_o if_o a_o superior_a or_o any_o to_o his_o behoof_n take_v the_o gift_n of_o his_o own_o ward_n he_o be_v find_v to_o have_v no_o interest_n to_o extend_v it_o further_o against_o his_o vissal_n infeft_v with_o absolute_a warrandice_n then_o to_o a_o proportional_a part_n of_o the_o composition_n and_o expense_n february_n 15._o 1665._o boyd_n of_o penkil_n cintra_fw-la tenant_n of_o carslooth_n the_o like_a where_o the_o ward_n have_v fall_v after_o the_o vassal_n right_o for_o if_o it_o have_v fall_v before_o he_o can_v have_v nothing_o december_n 1._o 1676._o lord_n lindsay_n contra_fw-la bargallon_n 16._o superior_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o receive_v upon_o resignation_n or_o by_o confirmation_n and_o have_v accept_v resignation_n it_o do_v not_o exclude_v the_o marriage_n of_o the_o resigner_n heir_n there_o be_v no_o infeftment_n upon_o the_o resignation_n before_o the_o resigner_n death_n november_n 14._o 1677._o sir_n william_n purves_n contra_fw-la strachan_n of_o kinadie_n 17._o superiority_n fall_v to_o more_o person_n do_v not_o oblige_v the_o vassal_n to_o take_v infeftment_n of_o they_o all_o but_o if_o heir_n portioner_n of_o the_o elder_a july_n 30._o 1678._o lady_n lus_o contra_fw-la inglis_n and_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n if_o the_o superiority_n fall_v to_o many_o singular_a successor_n by_o apprize_a or_o otherway_n the_o vassal_n
of_o their_o estate_n which_o ostentimes_o be_v dispone_v nomine_fw-la dotis_fw-la but_o only_o such_o a_o sum_n for_o they_o all_o as_o will_v have_v be_v modify_v for_o the_o marriage_n of_o one_o man_n as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o heir_n of_o fairly_n and_o thorniedikes_n and_o so_o be_v find_v june_n 14._o 1673._o mr._n george_n gibson_n contra_fw-la janet_n ramsay_n 43._o but_o the_o marriage_n of_o heir_n be_v debitum_fw-la fundi_fw-la and_o the_o tenants_n good_n may_v be_v poind_v therefore_o for_o their_o term_n mail_n or_o otherways_o the_o ground-right_a and_o property_n may_v be_v apprise_v both_o be_v do_v after_o the_o ward_n be_v end_v which_o in_o man_n be_v at_o the_o age_n of_o twenty_o one_o complete_a and_o in_o woman_n at_o the_o age_n of_o fourteen_o complete_a this_o apprize_a or_o adjudication_n will_v be_v draw_v back_o to_o the_o time_n that_o the_o marriage_n be_v due_a and_o prefer_v to_o any_o legal_a diligence_n since_o that_o time_n as_o all_o appryzing_n super_fw-la debito_fw-la fundi_fw-la be_v december_n 17._o 1673._o patrick_n hadden_n contra_fw-la john_n moor._n but_o it_o do_v not_o affect_v the_o appearand_a heir_n personal_o not_o be_v in_o possession_n nor_o be_v the_o tocher_n he_o get_v after_o his_o predecessor_n death_n account_v as_o a_o part_n of_o his_o estate_n be_v marriageable_a before_o that_o time_n but_o only_o the_o estate_n he_o have_v when_o he_o marry_v or_o be_v require_v to_o marry_v january_n 5._o 1681._o laird_n of_o dun_n contra_fw-la viscount_n of_o arbuthnet_n 44._o the_o value_n of_o the_o marriage_n be_v jus_o indivisibile_fw-la and_o belong_v not_o to_o every_o superior_a of_o who_o the_o vassal_n hold_v ward-land_n but_o to_o the_o most_o ancient_a superior_a 45._o the_o king_n by_o his_o royal_a prerogative_n have_v the_o marriage_n of_o the_o ward-vassal_n whensoever_o he_o become_v immediate_a superior_a if_o before_o the_o marriage_n fall_v due_a though_o the_o land_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n be_v tax_v to_o a_o small_a sum_n for_o the_o marriage_n july_n 19_o 1672._o earl_n of_o argile_n contra_fw-la mcleod_n and_o though_o the_o vassal_n hold_v some_o land_n of_o the_o king_n simple_a ward_n and_o other_o tax_v ward_n the_o full_a value_n be_v due_a but_o the_o tax_v value_n be_v deduce_v as_o a_o part_n of_o it_o february_n 24._o 1675._o king_n advocate_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o innernytie_n yea_o a_o marriage_n be_v find_v due_a by_o a_o vassal_n in_o the_o principality_n albeit_o he_o hold_v land_n immediate_o of_o the_o king_n tax_v ward_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o nonexistence_n of_o a_o prince_n during_o which_o the_o king_n act_v not_o as_o administrator_n or_o curator_n hareditatis_fw-la jacentis_fw-la of_o the_o prince_n but_o proprio_fw-la jure_fw-la as_o sovereign_a prince_n and_o stewart_n of_o scotland_n jan._n 1680._o sir_n william_n purves_n contra_fw-la the_o laird_n of_o lus._n 46._o a_o marriage_n be_v find_v due_a by_o the_o heir_n of_o a_o appryzer_n who_o die_v infeft_v albeit_o within_o the_o legal_a unless_o the_o apprize_a be_v prove_v to_o be_v satisfy_v in_o the_o defunct_a vassal_n time_n july_n 13._o 1680._o king_n advocate_n contra_fw-la zeaman_n of_o dryburgh_n to_o come_v now_o to_o the_o exception_n exclusive_a of_o the_o value_n of_o marriage_n it_o be_v not_o find_v relevant_a that_o the_o vassal_n die_v in_o the_o war_n by_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1641._o see_v there_o be_v a_o pacification_n after_o that_o act_n and_o it_o be_v not_o renew_v thereafter_o july_n 9_o 1672._o lord_n hattoun_n contra_fw-la earl_n of_o northesk_n neither_o because_o the_o vassal_n die_v in_o the_o king_n service_n see_v the_o act_n to_o that_o purpose_n be_v only_o temporary_a january_n 20._o 1681._o captain_n paterson_n contra_fw-la tweedie_n of_o whitehaugh_n the_o next_o exception_n be_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o superior_a which_o be_v not_o infer_v by_o the_o superior_n be_v present_a at_o the_o marriage_n as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o argile_n contra_fw-la m`naughtoun_n nor_o by_o receive_v a_o vassal_n upon_o apprize_a neither_o by_o enter_v the_o vassal_n heir_n though_o without_o reservation_n these_o be_v act_n to_o which_o the_o superior_a may_v be_v compel_v by_o charge_n of_o horning_n upon_o appryzing_n or_o on_o precept_n out_o of_o the_o chanclery_n upon_o retour_n even_o though_o these_o be_v not_o actual_o use_v but_o that_o the_o superior_a give_v precept_n of_o clare_v constat_fw-la yea_o his_o subscrive_a witness_n in_o the_o vassal_n contract_v of_o marriage_n after_o gift_v of_o the_o same_o be_v not_o sustain_v feb._n 25._o 1662._o 〈◊〉_d contra_fw-la keiths_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v no_o less_o than_o a_o consent_n as_o superior_a will_v exclude_v the_o marriage_n the_o most_o exception_n be_v upon_o the_o informality_n of_o the_o instrument_n of_o requisition_n but_o the_o most_o ordinary_a and_o material_a exception_n be_v disparagement_n which_o do_v not_o consist_v in_o equality_n of_o estate_n or_o tocher_n but_o in_o the_o inequality_n of_o blood_n wherein_o if_o a_o zeaman_n be_v offer_v to_o a_o burgess_n or_o a_o burgess_n to_o a_o baron_n it_o be_v common_o interpret_v disparagement_n but_o a_o baron_n to_o any_o superior_a dignity_n of_o a_o subject_a import_v no_o disparagement_n or_o if_o there_o be_v great_a disparity_n in_o age_n or_o that_o the_o party_n offer_v have_v any_o considerable_a defect_n as_o the_o want_n of_o a_o member_n or_o have_v any_o loathsome_a or_o perpetual_a disease_n which_o be_v all_o the_o ground_n of_o disparagement_n mention_v by_o craig_n buthe_n think_v not_o claudication_n to_o infer_v disparagement_n and_o it_o be_v like_a as_o to_o the_o single_a value_n the_o disparagement_n behove_v to_o be_v very_o gross_a but_o as_o to_o the_o double_a value_n any_o just_a ground_n of_o aversion_n seem_v to_o be_v be_v sufficient_a as_o deformity_n even_o hardness_n of_o favour_n or_o any_o vulgar_a reproach_n of_o inchastity_n insobriety_n or_o other_o vice_n it_o will_v also_o be_v a_o temporal_a exception_n if_o requisition_n be_v make_v before_o the_o vassal_n be_v marriageable_a which_o be_v the_o age_n of_o fourteen_o complete_a in_o man_n and_o twelve_o complete_a in_o woman_n which_o may_v become_v a_o absolute_a exclusion_n if_o the_o party_n so_o require_v die_v unmarried_a and_o though_o the_o party_n marry_v to_o another_o it_o will_v but_o infer_v the_o single_a value_n the_o value_n of_o marriage_n be_v due_a to_o the_o superior_a if_o the_o heir_n be_v not_o marry_v at_o his_o predecessor_n death_n whether_o minor_a or_o major_a marry_v without_o consent_n of_o the_o superior_a or_o his_o donatar_n or_o that_o be_v or_o become_v major_a and_o require_v they_o marry_v not_o at_o all_o 48._o the_o last_o common_a casuality_n of_o superior_n be_v the_o liferent-escheat_n of_o the_o vassal_n when_o the_o vassal_n be_v denunce_v rebel_n for_o disobedience_n of_o the_o law_n which_o because_o it_o be_v intimate_v by_o three_o blast_n of_o a_o horn_n be_v call_v horning_n if_o he_o continue_v so_o unrestored_a or_o unrelax_v year_n and_o day_n his_o liferent_a be_v escheat_n or_o foresault_v unto_o his_o several_a superior_n of_o who_o he_o hold_v his_o fee_n this_o may_v seem_v a_o penalty_n for_o disobedience_n to_o law_n and_o be_v so_o as_o to_o fee_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n yet_o if_o it_o have_v no_o other_o ground_n the_o liferent_a can_v not_o befall_v to_o the_o superior_a but_o to_o the_o king_n who_o command_n be_v disobey_v as_o forefaulture_n and_o single_a escheat_n do_v but_o the_o original_n of_o it_o be_v that_o rebellion_n be_v like_a capitis_fw-la diminutio_fw-la or_o civitatis_fw-la amissio_fw-la among_o the_o roman_n whereby_o such_o person_n can_v stand_v in_o judgement_n and_o they_o be_v civiliter_fw-la mortui_fw-la and_o thereby_o their_o fee_n become_v void_a and_o return_v to_o their_o superior_n and_o so_o be_v declare_v parl._n 1535._o cap._n 31._o 49._o liferent-escheat_n carry_v the_o profit_n of_o all_o fee_n and_o liferent_n whether_o constitute_v by_o conjunct-fee_n infeftment_n terce_n or_o liferent-tack_n during_o the_o life_n of_o the_o rebel_n have_v remain_v year_n and_o day_n at_o the_o horn_n though_o thereafter_o he_o be_v relax_v during_o his_o natural_a life_n even_o though_o he_o be_v not_o infeft_v and_o enter_v as_o heir_n the_o time_n of_o his_o denunciation_n july_n 3._o 1624._o moor_n contra_fw-la hannay_n and_o the_o earl_n of_o galloway_n yea_o though_o there_o be_v no_o infeftment_n if_o by_o contract_n or_o disposition_n there_o be_v any_o heritable_a right_n or_o life-rent_a provide_v even_o though_o there_o be_v no_o infeftment_n require_v as_o a_o terce_n by_o paction_n without_o service_n or_o ken_n hope_v horning_n maxwel_n and_o gordoun_n contra_fw-la lochinvar_n so_o life-rent_a tack_n of_o land_n or_o teind_n fall_v under_o escheat_n without_o prejudice_n to_o these_o
fire_n and_o water_n within_o the_o same_o by_o be_v kiln_v and_o steep_v and_o in_o some_o place_n brown_a within_o the_o same_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o multure_n if_o it_o be_v not_o determine_v by_o write_n be_v determine_v by_o use_n of_o payment_n of_o the_o barony_n or_o sucken_n though_o a_o part_n thereof_o in_o question_n pay_v less_o former_o which_o do_v only_o liberat_fw-la they_o from_fw-la bygones_fw-la july_n 20._o 1610._o neilson_n of_o craigcaffie_n contra_fw-la tenant_n of_o innermesson_n 21._o beside_o the_o multures_n thirlage_n be_v extend_v to_o sequels_fw-fr which_o be_v express_v in_o thirlage_n be_v understand_v to_o be_v the_o knaveship_n bannock_n or_o lock_v payable_a beside_o the_o multure_n to_o the_o milner_n and_o their_o servant_n for_o their_o service_n according_a to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o several_a milns_n though_o these_o be_v not_o express_v march_v 22._o 1628._o adamson_n of_o braco_n contra_fw-la tenant_n of_o shallie_n the_o like_a before_o even_o where_o the_o corn_n be_v abstract_v spot_n milns_n march_v 22._o 1628._o and_o where_o the_o thirlage_n be_v by_o use_n and_o custom_n these_o small_a duty_n be_v according_o due_a beside_o the_o multure_n 22._o thirlage_n also_o carry_v service_n to_o the_o miln_n as_o carry_v home_o of_o miln-stone_n uphold_v the_o damn_n watergates_o and_o of_o the_o milnhouse_n which_o be_v service_n diverse_a and_o regulate_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o several_a milns_n the_o thirlage_n constitute_v by_o infeftment_n of_o a_o miln_n cum_fw-la mutturis_fw-la &_o sequelis_fw-la find_v to_o give_v right_a to_o the_o ordinary_a miln_n service_n to_o the_o miln-damn_a and_o miln-stone_n by_o paction_n or_o prescription_n the_o same_o be_v take_v away_o february_n 27._o 1668._o maitland_n contra_fw-la lesly_n in_o prove_v of_o the_o custom_n of_o these_o duty_n to_o milns_n there_o be_v no_o necessity_n to_o prove_v forty_o year_n constant_a custom_n but_o diverse_a year_n custom_n in_o 〈◊〉_d unless_o a_o contrary_a custom_n be_v prove_v by_o the_o thirl_a nicol._n de_fw-fr servitute_fw-la 〈◊〉_d contra_fw-la ballachan_n but_o it_o be_v find_v that_o a_o heretor_fw-la of_o a_o miln_n be_v infeft_v and_o in_o possession_n of_o the_o miln_n with_o the_o multure_n of_o the_o land_n in_o question_n 〈◊〉_d he_o have_v the_o benefit_n of_o a_o possessory_a judgement_n with_o seven_o year_n 〈◊〉_d and_o so_o it_o will_v stand_v and_o be_v effectual_a till_o it_o be_v reduce_v notwithstanding_o a_o anterior_a infeftment_n cum_fw-la mollendinis_fw-la june_n 28._o 1636._o maxwel_o contra_fw-la maxwel_n 23._o thirlage_n also_o be_v esteem_v by_o some_o to_o carry_v this_o privilege_n that_o the_o heretor_fw-la of_o the_o miln_n may_v brevi_fw-la manu_fw-la cast_v down_o any_o other_o miln_n big_v within_o the_o thirl_z but_o craig_n opinion_n be_v in_o the_o contrary_a in_o the_o forecited_a place_n and_o it_o be_v so_o find_v where_o the_o miln_n so_o big_v have_v go_v fifteen_o day_n spot_n husband_n and_o wife_n laird_n of_o ludquharn_n contra_fw-la earl_n of_o marischal_n but_o whether_o it_o may_v not_o be_v hinder_v while_o the_o new_a miln_n be_v in_o building_n be_v not_o so_o clear_a at_o least_o it_o may_v be_v civil_o interrupt_v nunciatione_fw-la novi_fw-la operis_fw-la in_o respect_n of_o the_o favour_n of_o go_v milns_n these_o be_v not_o to_o be_v destroy_v for_o the_o public_a use_n of_o the_o country_n from_o which_o ground_n it_o be_v that_o the_o watergang_n of_o a_o miln_n pass_v through_o a_o heretors_n land_n be_v not_o suffer_v to_o be_v stop_v though_o it_o be_v without_o consent_n or_o prescription_n not_o be_v to_o his_o prejudice_n hope_n milns_n laird_n of_o bass_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o balgown_n but_o though_o milns_n may_v not_o be_v stop_v brevi_fw-la manu_fw-la yet_o building_n a_o miln_n within_o the_o thirl_z on_o pretence_n to_o get_v voluntary_a multure_n and_o that_o the_o builder_n will_v still_o bring_v his_o own_o corn_n to_o the_o other_o miln_n be_v unwarrantable_a and_o contrary_a the_o common_a custom_n of_o destroy_a quern_n which_o may_v have_v the_o same_o pretence_n nor_o can_v it_o be_v know_v what_o be_v clandestine_o ground_fw-mi at_o the_o new_a miln_n within_o the_o old_a thirl_z but_o halyard_n be_v build_n a_o miln_n near_o to_o breastmiln_a who_o crave_v summary_o to_o stop_v he_o by_o supplication_n to_o the_o lord_n they_o do_v refuse_v to_o stop_v because_o it_o be_v not_o clear_a that_o his_o land_n be_v thirl_a july_n 29._o 1673._o thirlage_n have_v also_o this_o effect_n in_o someplace_n that_o when_o any_o person_n be_v apprehend_v abstracting_a corn_n the_o horse_n and_o corn_n may_v be_v seize_v upon_o braevi_fw-la manu_fw-la and_o the_o corn_n confiscate_v to_o the_o milner_n and_o craig_n relate_v in_o the_o forecited_a place_n that_o it_o be_v the_o ordinary_a custom_n in_o france_n that_o corn_n be_v escheat_n to_o the_o lord_n and_o may_v be_v seize_v summary_o it_o be_v relate_v by_o craig_n l._n 2._o dieg._n 8._o out_o of_o the_o statute_n of_o king_n william_n that_o there_o ought_v to_o be_v a_o master_n and_o two_o servant_n in_o every_o miln_n swear_v to_o be_v faithful_a to_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o his_o man_n and_o that_o the_o common_a multure_n not_o determine_v by_o infeftment_n be_v the_o twenty_o grain_n and_o that_o all_o grain_n that_o shall_v be_v set_v down_o upon_o the_o ground_n of_o another_o thirl_z shall_v pay_v multure_n there_o and_o that_o when_o a_o horse_n carry_v grain_n out_o of_o the_o thirl_z be_v take_v the_o grain_n be_v escheat_n to_o the_o miller_n and_o the_o horse_n to_o the_o master_n and_o that_o he_o who_o remove_v from_o the_o thirl_z shall_v have_v his_o seed_n multure_n free_a these_o be_v most_o part_n overrule_v by_o custom_n as_o have_v be_v before_o show_v this_o far_o i_o find_v it_o among_o our_o custom_n that_o the_o spuilzie_n of_o a_o horse_n be_v elide_v because_o he_o be_v seize_v upon_o take_v corn_n out_o of_o the_o thirl_z to_o another_o miln_n as_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o that_o place_n and_o that_o after_o carry_v back_o thereof_o the_o horse_n be_v offer_v that_o same_o night_n january_n 22._o 1635._o menzies_n contra_fw-la mckie_n thirlage_n omnium_fw-la granorum_fw-la crescentium_fw-la upon_o such_o a_o tenement_n find_v to_o extend_v not_o only_o to_o the_o tenant_n but_o to_o the_o mains_fw-fr july_n 29._o 1673._o dundas_n of_o breastmiln_n contra_fw-la skeen_n of_o halyard_n 24._o it_o remain_v that_o we_o confider_v how_o thirlage_n be_v constitute_v be_v destitute_a or_o take_v off_o and_o that_o be_v in_o the_o like_a manner_n as_o it_o be_v constitute_v either_o by_o prescription_n whereby_o liberty_n be_v recover_v to_o the_o thirl_a land_n which_o need_v no_o positive_a act_n to_o deny_v the_o multure_n but_o simple_a forbearance_n to_o lift_v or_o seek_v they_o be_v enough_o or_o otherways_o by_o any_o discharge_n or_o renunciation_n without_o further_a solemnity_n for_o in_o that_o way_n also_o it_o be_v constitute_v but_o the_o most_o ordinary_a way_n of_o take_v off_o thirlage_n be_v by_o grant_v a_o charter_n contain_v milns_n and_o multure_n in_o the_o tenendas_fw-la which_o be_v not_o find_v good_a as_o to_o the_o king_n fevar_n because_o past_a in_o exchequer_n without_o notice_n as_o the_o common_a style_n january_n 8._o 1662._o james_n stuart_n contra_fw-la fevar_n of_o aberledno_n which_o be_v more_o evident_a when_o milns_n and_o multure_n be_v in_o the_o dispositive_a clause_n it_o have_v the_o like_a effect_n when_o the_o miln_n and_o multure_n be_v dispone_v to_o one_o party_n and_o by_o a_o prior_n disposition_n or_o infeftment_n the_o same_o land_n which_o be_v of_o old_a of_o the_o thirl_z be_v grant_v to_o the_o vassal_n thereof_o cum_fw-la molendanis_fw-la &_o multuris_fw-la for_o thereby_o the_o posterior_n infeftment_n of_o the_o miln_n and_o multure_n be_v a_o non_fw-la habente_fw-la potestatem_fw-la and_o ineffectual_a novemb_v 26._o 1631._o mr._n william_n elephant_n contra_fw-la earl_n marischal_n 25._o in_o thirlage_n there_o be_v only_a allowance_n or_o deduction_n of_o seed_n and_o horse-corn_n but_o nothing_o for_o expense_n of_o labour_v jan._n 14._o 1662._o nicolson_n contra_fw-la fevar_n of_o tillicoutrie_n 26._o thirlage_n by_o a_o vassal_n be_v not_o find_v effectual_a against_o the_o superior_a when_o the_o land_n fall_v in_o his_o hand_n by_o ward_n unless_o the_o superior_a have_v consent_v decem._n 11._o 1666._o earl_n of_o cassils_n contra_fw-la tenant_n of_o dalmortoun_n thirlage_n by_o a_o vassal_n charter_n find_v not_o to_o make_v he_o liable_a for_o the_o abstraction_n of_o his_o tenant_n but_o only_o the_o tenant_n themselves_o decemb._n 10._o 1667._o earl_n of_o cassils_n contra_fw-la sheriff_n of_o galloway_n 27._o if_o it_o be_v question_v whether_o multure_n be_v due_a when_o the_o miln_n be_v unable_a to_o work_v by_o frost_n break_v of_o the_o
price_n thereof_o to_o be_v pay_v by_o the_o heretor_n to_o the_o said_n titular_o of_o erection_n with_o a_o burden_n of_o annuity_n to_o the_o king_n except_v the_o teind_n of_o the_o surrenderer_n own_o proper_a land_n be_v always_o subject_a to_o his_o majesty_n annuity_n which_o submission_n his_o majesty_n accept_v and_o there_o follow_v thereupon_o a_o instrument_n of_o resignation_n at_o whitehall_n may_v 14._o 1628._o there_o be_v also_o a_o submission_n make_v by_o the_o bishop_n of_o all_o teind_n belong_v to_o they_o or_o their_o patrimonial_a kirk_n provide_v they_o be_v not_o damnify_v in_o their_o benefice_n as_o they_o be_v then_o possess_v either_o in_o quantity_n or_o quality_n whether_o the_o examine_v be_v pay_v in_o rental_a bolls_n or_o draw_v teind_v so_o that_o the_o submission_n do_v only_o reach_v to_o teind_n that_o be_v in_o tack_v or_o other_o use_n of_o payment_n and_o whereof_o the_o bishop_n or_o benefice_a person_n be_v not_o then_o in_o possession_n by_o rental_a bolls_n or_o draw_v teind_v this_o submission_n be_v in_o anno_fw-la 1628._o there_o be_v also_o a_o submission_n by_o the_o burrows_n of_o their_o teind_n in_o the_o same_o year_n and_o a_o four_o submission_n by_o several_a person_n have_v right_o to_o teind_n in_o anno_fw-la 1629._o the_o king_n do_v pronounce_v his_o decreet_a arbitral_n upon_o the_o submission_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o erection_n upon_o the_o second_o of_o september_n one_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o nine_o whereby_o he_o ordain_v the_o lord_n of_o erection_n to_o have_v ten_o year_n purchase_v for_o the_o feu-duty_n and_o all_o their_o constant_a rent_n consist_v of_o victual_n or_o money_n the_o victual_n be_v reckon_v at_o a_o hundred_o mark_n the_o chalder_n deduce_v so_o much_o of_o the_o feu-duty_n as_o be_v equivalent_a to_o the_o blensh-duty_n contain_v in_o the_o infeftment_n of_o erection_n for_o which_o nothing_o be_v to_o be_v pay_v and_o allow_v the_o lord_n of_o erection_n to_o retain_v the_o feu-duty_n until_o they_o be_v redeem_v his_o majesty_n do_v also_o decern_v that_o each_o heretor_fw-la shall_v have_v his_o own_o teind_n that_o such_o as_o have_v right_a to_o other_o man_n teind_n shall_v after_o valuation_n thereof_o whereby_o the_o five_o part_n of_o the_o constant_a rent_n which_o each_o land_n pay_v in_o stock_n and_o teind_v be_v declare_v to_o be_v the_o teind_v and_o where_o the_o teind_v be_v value_v several_o that_o the_o heretor_fw-la shall_v have_v the_o five_o part_n of_o the_o yearly_a value_n thereof_o deduce_v for_o the_o king_n ease_n and_o the_o price_n of_o the_o say_v teind_v for_o a_o heritable_a right_n be_v make_v nine_o year_n purchase_v and_o for_o other_o right_n of_o teind_n inferior_a to_o heritable_a right_n proportionable_o according_a to_o the_o worth_n thereof_o to_o be_v determine_v by_o a_o commission_n to_o be_v grant_v by_o his_o majesty_n to_o that_o effect_n and_o that_o both_o for_o tack_n of_o teind_n and_o patronage_n there_o be_v also_o decreet_v by_o his_o majesty_n upon_o the_o other_o submission_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n and_o by_o the_o ten_o and_o fourteen_o act_n par._n 1633._o the_o superiority_n of_o all_o kirk-land_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o crown_n except_o these_o belong_v to_o bishop_n with_o the_o feu-duty_n of_o the_o say_a superiority_n reserve_v to_o the_o lord_n and_o titular_o of_o erection_n who_o subscribe_v the_o general_a surrender_n of_o submission_n their_o feu-duty_n till_o they_o be_v redeem_v at_o ten_o year_n purchase_n and_o reserve_v to_o they_o the_o property_n hold_v of_o his_o majesty_n for_o payment_n of_o the_o feu-duty_n contain_v in_o the_o old_a infeftment_n precede_v the_o annexation_n by_o the_o 12._o act_n par._n 1633._o the_o king_n restrict_v his_o general_a revocation_n in_o october_n 1625._o registrate_n in_o the_o book_n of_o secret_a council_n february_n 9_o 1626._o in_o a_o proclamation_n then_o emit_v and_o another_o july_n 21._o 1626._o to_o the_o annul_v all_o pretend_a right_n to_o the_o property_n of_o the_o crown_n as_o well_o annex_v as_o not_o annex_v whereof_o a_o account_n have_v be_v make_v in_o exchequer_n and_o of_o the_o principality_n unlawful_o dispone_v by_o his_o predecessor_n against_o the_o law_n and_o act_n then_o stand_v and_o to_o the_o annul_n of_o erection_n and_o other_o disposition_n of_o whatsoever_o land_n teind_n patronage_n and_o benefice_n former_o belong_v to_o the_o kirk_n and_o since_o annex_v to_o the_o crown_n and_o any_o other_o land_n and_o benefice_n mortify_v to_o pious_a use_n and_o of_o regality_n and_o heritable_a office_n and_o the_o change_n from_o ward_n to_o blensh_fw-mi or_o taxt-ward_n since_o the_o year_n 1540_o upon_o this_o progress_n it_o may_v be_v question_v whether_o the_o patronage_n that_o former_o belong_v to_o churchman_n and_o be_v annex_v to_o the_o land_n burrows_n or_o benefice_n and_o thereafter_o be_v erect_v in_o temporal_a estate_n do_v belong_v to_o the_o king_n or_o lord_n of_o erection_n and_o next_o whether_o these_o more_o improper_a patronage_n of_o the_o patrimonial_a kirk_n of_o abbacy_n whereby_o the_o lord_n of_o erection_n come_v in_o the_o abbot_n place_n do_v claim_v the_o right_n of_o presentation_n or_o nomination_n of_o stipendiary_a minister_n to_o these_o kirk_n do_v belong_v to_o they_o or_o the_o king_n as_o to_o the_o first_o there_o seem_v less_o difficulty_n that_o the_o patronage_n which_o do_v belong_v to_o abbot_n of_o kirk_n which_o be_v not_o of_o their_o patrimony_n but_o whereof_o they_o have_v only_o jus_o presentandi_fw-la do_v belong_v to_o the_o king_n because_o such_o patronage_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o the_o general_a act_n of_o annexation_n which_o though_o it_o do_v not_o mention_v patronage_n yet_o the_o barony_n or_o benefice_n wherein_o such_o patronage_n be_v comprehend_v be_v express_o annex_v and_o barony_n or_o benefice_n be_v nomina_fw-la universitatis_fw-la will_v comprehend_v patronage_n incorporate_v therein_o or_o annex_v thereto_o so_o that_o without_o dissolution_n no_o subject_n can_v pretend_v right_a to_o the_o ecclesiastic_a patronage_n of_o abbot_n prior_n etc._n etc._n and_o as_o to_o the_o lord_n of_o erection_n who_o fall_v under_o the_o exception_n of_o the_o general_a act_n of_o annexation_n they_o have_v submit_v and_o surrender_v all_o their_o title_n of_o erection_n to_o the_o king_n and_o particular_o their_o patronage_n and_o thereupon_o the_o king_n have_v by_o his_o decreet_a arbitral_n ratify_v in_o parliament_n reserve_v only_o to_o they_o their_o property_n land_n and_o teind_n and_o feu-duty_n till_o they_o be_v redeem_v and_o the_o superiority_n be_v again_o annex_v which_o be_v the_o dominium_fw-la directum_fw-la of_o these_o ecclesiastical_a barony_n the_o ecclesiastic_a patronage_n of_o the_o abbot_n comprehend_v in_o nomine_fw-la barroniae_fw-la do_v therewith_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n unless_o they_o have_v be_v dispone_v after_o dissolutlon_n or_o a_o subject_n title_n to_o the_o advocation_n donation_n or_o right_o of_o patronage_n of_o such_o kirk_n be_v perfect_v by_o prescription_n for_o the_o act_n of_o prescription_n 1617._o have_v no_o exception_n of_o the_o king_n right_o to_o which_o the_o prior_n act_n that_o the_o king_n shall_v not_o be_v prejudge_v by_o the_o neglect_n of_o his_o officer_n do_v not_o extend_v but_o that_o interruption_n within_o the_o forty_o year_n be_v requisite_a even_o for_o the_o king_n the_o form_n whereof_o be_v order_v by_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n and_o approven_v by_o parliament_n 1633._o cap._n 12._o but_o there_o be_v much_o more_o difficulty_n as_o to_o the_o other_o point_n concern_v the_o patronage_n of_o these_o kirk_n that_o be_v part_n of_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o abbot_n which_o before_o the_o reformation_n be_v not_o kirk_n patronat_fw-la but_o patrimonial_a but_o thereafter_o be_v dissolve_v and_o declare_v distinct_a paroch_n kirk_n the_o abbot_n power_n of_o nomination_n of_o viccar_n in_o these_o kirk_n become_v to_o be_v exercise_v by_o presentation_n to_o the_o kirk_n which_o presentation_n be_v give_v by_o the_o king_n to_o some_o kirk_n even_o where_o there_o be_v erection_n but_o in_o most_o erection_n the_o lord_n of_o erection_n do_v present_a as_o come_v in_o place_n of_o the_o abbot_n and_o do_v in_o their_o original_a or_o subsequent_a right_n insert_v the_o patronage_n of_o some_o or_o all_o of_o the_o patrimonial_a kirk_n of_o these_o abbacy_n and_o where_o the_o right_a of_o patronage_n be_v not_o express_v the_o lord_n of_o erection_n have_v but_o small_a ground_n to_o pretend_v to_o these_o and_o where_o they_o be_v express_v and_o perfect_v by_o prescription_n they_o be_v secure_a so_o that_o the_o question_n will_v remain_v as_o to_o the_o power_n of_o presentation_n to_o the_o patrimonial_a kirk_n of_o abbacy_n where_o prescription_n have_v not_o clear_v the_o question_n but_o that_o sometime_o the_o king_n sometime_o the_o
lord_n of_o erection_n have_v present_v which_o be_v large_o debate_v in_o november_n 1677._o concern_v the_o patronage_n of_o the_o kirk_n of_o allan_n whereunto_o the_o laird_n of_o watertoun_n have_v present_v as_o derive_v right_o to_o a_o erection_n prio_fw-la to_o the_o act_n of_o annexation_n and_o have_v desire_v from_o the_o council_n letter_n to_o charge_v the_o bishop_n to_o grant_v collation_n upon_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o parliament_n ordain_v bishop_n to_o try_v and_o collate_n upon_o the_o patron_n presentation_n the_o matter_n be_v remit_v by_o the_o privy_a council_n to_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n in_o respect_n that_o the_o officer_n of_o state_n do_v claim_v right_a to_o that_o patronage_n as_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n whereupon_o the_o lord_n do_v at_o first_o sist_z any_o further_a progress_n in_o admit_v either_o the_o person_n present_v by_o the_o king_n or_o by_o watertoun_n till_o the_o matter_n be_v discuss_v but_o after_o hear_v the_o cause_n at_o length_n in_o their_o presence_n wattertoun_n have_v allege_v that_o his_o author_n have_v a_o erection_n bear_v the_o patronage_n of_o this_o kirk_n per_fw-la expressum_fw-la and_o that_o such_o patronage_n be_v not_o annex_v to_o the_o crown_n because_o they_o be_v not_o comprehend_v in_o the_o abbot_n right_n such_o kirk_n not_o be_v then_o patronat_n but_o patrimonial_a and_o that_o the_o king_n in_o his_o decrect_a arbitral_n have_v determine_v nothing_o anent_o patronage_n but_o that_o the_o lord_n of_o erection_n have_v always_o enjoy_v the_o same_o and_o that_o the_o lord_n of_o erection_n retain_v the_o right_a of_o the_o teind_n the_o patronage_n belong_v to_o they_o as_o consequent_a to_o the_o teind_n out_o of_o which_o the_o provision_n for_o the_o kirk_n be_v payable_a and_o it_o be_v answer_v for_o the_o king_n that_o though_o the_o abbot_n have_v not_o the_o formal_a right_n of_o presentation_n because_o the_o kirk_n be_v not_o then_o patronat_fw-la yet_o they_o have_v the_o right_a of_o nomination_n or_o substitution_n of_o the_o viccar_n who_o serve_v in_o these_o kirk_n in_o place_n of_o who_o be_v now_o the_o stipendiary_a minister_n these_o new_a patronage_n arise_v form_v the_o dissolution_n of_o these_o abbacy_n into_o distinct_a paroch_n must_v belong_v to_o the_o king_n and_o the_o power_n of_o nomination_n or_o presentation_n of_o these_o stipendiar_n be_v comprehend_v in_o and_o annex_v with_o these_o benefice_n to_o the_o crown_n by_o the_o first_o act_n of_o annexation_n but_o especial_o by_o the_o annexation_n 1633._o whereby_o upon_o the_o surrender_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o erection_n of_o all_o their_o right_n and_o special_o of_o their_o patronage_n the_o king_n by_o his_o decreet_a arbitral_n have_v decern_v to_o they_o only_o ten_o year_n purchase_n for_o the_o feu-duty_n and_o nine_o year_n purchase_n for_o the_o teind_v they_o can_v pretend_v to_o no_o more_o and_o so_o to_o no_o right_a of_o patronage_n likeas_n the_o king_n in_o the_o interruption_n make_v by_o the_o 12_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1633._o do_v express_o declare_v that_o he_o will_v insist_v in_o his_o general_a revocation_n as_o to_o the_o particular_n enumerat_a in_o the_o act_n of_o interruption_n whereof_o patronage_n be_v one_o in_o this_o debate_n the_o lord_n be_v desirous_a that_o the_o matter_n may_v be_v determine_v upon_o the_o clear_a ground_n and_o to_o know_v if_o prescription_n have_v clear_v the_o matter_n and_o either_o party_n have_v allege_v possession_n the_o lord_n before_o answer_n ordain_v either_o party_n to_o adduce_v all_o the_o evidence_n they_o can_v whether_o the_o king_n or_o wattertoun_n and_o his_o author_n have_v be_v in_o possession_n how_o long_o and_o what_o way_n title_n xix_o tack_n where_o of_o rental_n tacit_a relocation_n and_o remove_n 1._o the_o nature_n of_o tack_n 2._o how_o tack_n become_v as_o real_a right_n effectual_a against_o singular_a successor_n 3._o who_o may_v grant_v tack_n 4._o how_o tack_n may_v be_v set_v 5._o the_o tenor_n of_o tack_n 6._o the_o effect_n of_o obliegement_n to_o set_v tack_n 7._o tack_n become_v real_a right_n by_o possession_n 8._o tack_n in_o wodests_a after_o redemption_n become_v valid_a 9_o the_o extent_n and_o effect_n of_o tack_n 10._o tacks-man_n in_o possession_n need_v not_o dispute_v the_o setter_n right_a dispute_v as_o heritable_a proprietar_n 11._o the_o effect_n of_o tack_n whereof_o the_o tack_v duty_n be_v payable_a to_o creditor_n 12._o tack_n be_v good_a active_a title_n for_o mail_n and_o duty_n 13._o the_o effect_n of_o tack_n set_v to_o husband_n and_o wife_n 14._o kind_n of_o tack_n 15._o rental_n 16._o the_o effect_n of_o assignation_n or_o subtack_n of_o rental_n or_o other_o tack_n 17._o the_o effect_n of_o subtack_n as_o to_o tutor_n and_o donatar_n 18._o the_o effect_n of_o rental_n in_o court_n book_n or_o rental_a book_n only_o 19_o the_o endurance_n of_o rental_n 20._o the_o effect_n of_o grassoum_n 21._o how_o far_o rental_n become_v void_a by_o alegnation_n assignation_n or_o subtack_n 22._o defect_n of_o subtack_n 23._o tacite_fw-la relocation_n 24._o how_o tack_n fall_v in_o escheat_n 25._o tack_n sleep_v during_o ward_n and_o nonentry_n of_o the_o setter_n and_o be_v valid_a against_o his_o liferentesheat_n 26._o tack_n be_v strictissimi_fw-la juris_fw-la and_o extend_v not_o to_o heir_n or_o voluntary_a assignays_n or_o subtack_n or_o remove_v but_o when_o express_v except_o tack_n for_o liferent_a or_o equivalent_a 27._o tack_n without_o ish_n be_v null_a 28._o how_o far_o tack_n to_o endure_v till_o a_o sum_n be_v pay_v be_v valid_a 29._o tack_n be_v null_a without_o a_o tack_v duty_n 30._o tack_n be_v valid_a though_o not_o express_v the_o entry_n 31._o tenants_n must_v labour_v and_o not_o waste_v or_o open_v the_o ground_n for_o any_o mineral_n 32._o tack_n become_v void_a by_o two_o year_n not_o payment_n of_o the_o tack-duty_n 33._o or_o for_o not_o find_v caution_n to_o pay_v the_o tack-duty_n bygome_v and_o in_o time_n to_o come_v 34._o or_o by_o the_o tenants_n renounciation_n 35._o by_o contrary_a consent_n of_o both_o party_n 36._o by_o deed_n contrary_a to_o the_o tack_v 37._o or_o by_o remove_v 38._o summar_n remove_v without_o warning_n in_o what_o case_n 39_o the_o old_a way_n of_o remove_v tenant_n 40._o warn_v of_o tenant_n to_o remove_v 41._o the_o active_a title_n in_o removeing_n 42._o exception_n against_o remove_n not_o instant_o verify_v be_v not_o receiveable_a till_o caution_n be_v find_v for_o the_o violent_a profit_n 43._o defence_n against_o remove_v and_o reply_n thereto_o 44._o violent_a profit_n 45._o succeed_v in_o the_o vice_n of_o tenant_n remove_v 1._o atack_n of_o itself_o be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o personal_a contract_n of_o location_n whereby_o land_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n have_v profit_n or_o fruit_n be_v set_v to_o the_o tacks-man_n for_o enjoy_v the_o fruit_n or_o profit_n thereof_o for_o a_o hire_n which_o be_v call_v the_o tack-duty_n which_o therefore_o do_v only_o oblige_v the_o setter_n and_o his_o heir_n to_o make_v it_o effectual_a to_o the_o tacks-man_n but_o do_v not_o introduce_v any_o real_a right_n affect_v the_o thing_n set_v and_o carry_v therewith_o to_o singular_a successor_n 2._o but_o so_o soon_o as_o the_o thing_n set_v cease_v to_o be_v the_o setter_n the_o tack_n can_v not_o reach_v it_o thus_o it_o be_v with_o we_o tillthe_n statute_n par._n 1449._o cap._n 18._o whereby_o purchaser_n and_o singular_a successor_n be_v disenable_v to_o break_v the_o tack_n set_v to_o the_o tenant_n by_o this_o statute_n tack_n become_v as_o real_a right_n affect_v the_o ground_n and_o because_o they_o can_v come_v the_o length_n to_o be_v esteem_v as_o right_n of_o property_n they_o be_v rank_v here_o among_o servitude_n personal_a for_o as_o liferent-rights_a be_v real_a right_n put_v a_o servitude_n upon_o hereditament_n to_o the_o person_n of_o the_o liferenter_fw-la during_o life_n whereof_o a_o liferent-tack_n be_v a_o kind_n so_o other_o tack_n do_v subject_a the_o thing_n set_v to_o the_o tacks-man_n for_o a_o time_n and_o affect_v the_o same_o though_o it_o pass_v to_o singular_a successor_n albeit_o the_o statute_n only_o express_v that_o buyer_n shall_v not_o break_v tack_n and_o be_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o poor_a labourer_n of_o the_o ground_n for_o who_o security_n it_o be_v chief_o intend_v yet_o it_o be_v extend_v against_o all_o singular_a successor_n whether_o by_o sale_n exchange_n apprize_a adjudication_n or_o any_o other_o way_n as_o the_o statute_n bear_v in_o who_o hand_n soever_o the_o land_n come_v and_o also_o in_o favour_n of_o all_o tacks-man_n whether_o they_o be_v labourer_n of_o the_o ground_n or_o not_o whereby_o tack_n be_v now_o become_v the_o most_o ordinary_a and_o important_a right_n and_o if_o the_o great_a favour_n of_o this_o statute_n make_v they_o not_o in_o other_o thingsto_fw-la be_v strict_o
superior_a whether_o the_o rise_v hereof_o be_v from_o the_o personal_a obligation_n of_o fidelity_n which_o the_o vassal_n owe_v to_o the_o superior_a only_o or_o from_o the_o obligement_n of_o gratitude_n and_o service_n or_o from_o that_o peculiar_a choice_n of_o the_o person_n and_o race_n of_o the_o vassal_n which_o the_o superior_a have_v make_v contrair_a to_o which_o a_o stranger_n can_v be_v obtrude_v upon_o he_o neither_o can_v the_o vassal_n withdraw_v himself_o from_o the_o fidelity_n or_o render_v himself_o unfit_a for_o his_o service_n or_o from_o all_o these_o yet_o in_o this_o do_v most_o agree_v that_o the_o near_a cause_n of_o recognition_n be_v the_o alienation_n of_o the_o fee_n so_o then_o the_o main_a difficulty_n be_v what_o be_v mean_v by_o that_o alienation_n by_o which_o recognition_n be_v incur_v craig_n lib._n 3._o diege_n 5._o declare_v that_o this_o alienation_n can_v be_v by_o naked_a contract_n or_o disposition_n till_o seasine_n follow_v for_o these_o be_v but_o personal_a and_o incomplete_a right_n do_v not_o alienat_fw-la the_o fee_n from_o the_o vassal_n but_o only_o constitute_v upon_o he_o a_o personal_a obligement_n so_o to_o do_v it_o be_v also_o clear_a that_o by_o infeftment_n grant_v by_o the_o superior_a upon_o resignation_n there_o can_v be_v no_o recognition_n because_o the_o superior_n accept_v of_o the_o resignation_n import_v his_o consent_n so_o that_o the_o question_n will_v only_o remain_v when_o the_o vassal_n grant_v disposition_n or_o charter_n a_o se_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o his_o superior_a and_o before_o the_o superior_n confirmation_n obtain_a give_v seasine_n for_o the_o confirmation_n be_v the_o express_a consent_n of_o the_o superior_a if_o the_o seasine_a be_v after_o it_o there_o can_v be_v no_o hazard_n of_o recognition_n or_o otherways_o while_o the_o vassal_n grant_v a_o subaltern_a infeftment_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o himself_o 11._o as_o to_o the_o first_o case_n it_o seem_v there_o can_v be_v no_o recognition_n incur_v by_o infeftment_n grant_v by_o the_o vassal_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o his_o superior_a because_o if_o these_o be_v confirm_v the_o right_o be_v null_a and_o there_o be_v no_o alienation_n nor_o transmission_n of_o property_n but_o the_o vassal_n grant_a of_o the_o infeftment_n remain_v still_o proprietar_n and_o therefore_o such_o a_o infeftment_n be_v equivalent_a as_o if_o the_o vassal_n do_v alienat_fw-la upon_o condition_n that_o the_o superior_a shall_v consent_v and_o if_o he_o do_v not_o consent_n the_o infeftment_n to_o be_v null_a in_o which_o case_n most_o feudist_n do_v agree_v that_o by_o such_o infeftment_n there_o be_v no_o recognition_n and_o this_o reason_n be_v the_o more_o fortify_v that_o craig_n in_o the_o forecited_n place_n relate_v that_o a_o infeftment_n null_a for_o want_n of_o registration_n be_v not_o find_v to_o infer_v recognition_n in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o king_n advocate_n against_o kenneth_n mackenzie_n and_o bain_n for_o solution_n of_o this_o difficulty_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v deny_v that_o if_o a_o seasine_a be_v null_a by_o defect_n of_o any_o substantial_a or_o essential_a necessary_o requisite_a to_o seasine_n or_o symbolical_a delivery_n of_o possession_n there_o will_v follow_v no_o recognition_n as_o if_o there_o be_v no_o tradition_n of_o earth_n and_o stone_n or_o symbol_n requisite_a or_o not_o by_o the_o superior_a or_o his_o bailie_n or_o not_o to_o the_o vassal_n or_o his_o procurator_n or_o not_o upon_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o land_n natural_o or_o by_o union_n but_o though_o seasine_n may_v be_v null_a by_o defect_n of_o some_o accidental_a solemnity_n introduce_v by_o statute_n or_o custom_n and_o not_o necessary_o involve_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o tradition_n as_o the_o indiction_n or_o year_n of_o the_o prince_n reign_n though_o law_n shall_v declare_v the_o seasine_a null_n for_o want_n of_o these_o yet_o the_o vassal_n perform_v such_o essential_a requisite_n the_o feu_n fall_v in_o recognition_n and_o therefore_o there_o seem_v no_o ground_n to_o follow_v that_o decision_n adduce_v by_o craig_n exclude_v recognition_n upon_o the_o nullity_n of_o the_o seasine_a for_o want_n of_o registration_n but_o as_o to_o the_o case_n propose_v the_o superior_n confirmation_n be_v not_o essential_a to_o the_o vassal_n seasine_n neither_o be_v it_o so_o require_v by_o the_o common_a feudal_n custom_n as_o with_o we_o for_o thereby_o if_o the_o superior_a do_v acquiesce_v approve_v or_o homologate_v the_o seasine_a grant_v by_o a_o vassal_n to_o a_o stranger_n the_o same_o will_v be_v valid_a without_o a_o formal_a confirmation_n in_o write_v albeit_o by_o our_o custom_n such_o infeftment_n till_o confirm_v be_v null_n not_o only_o as_o to_o the_o superior_a but_o as_o to_o all_o other_o three_o party_n and_o so_o be_v become_v as_o a_o substantial_a of_o the_o infeftment_n not_o be_v true_o essential_a by_o the_o common_a fedual_a custom_n it_o do_v not_o exclude_v recognition_n and_o as_o craig_n in_o the_o forecited_a place_n render_v the_o reason_n that_o infeftment_n by_o the_o vassal_n a_o se_fw-la not_o confirm_v infer_v recognition_n be_v because_o he_o have_v do_v all_o that_o in_o he_o be_v to_o alienate_v the_o fee_n there_o be_v no_o act_n remain_v to_o be_v perform_v by_o he_o or_o his_o procurator_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o declarator_n of_o recognition_n pursue_v at_o the_o instance_n of_o lady_n anna_n hamiltoun_n lady_n carnagy_n contra_fw-la lord_n cranburn_n upon_o the_o earl_n of_o dirletoun_n dispone_v of_o the_o land_n of_o innerweek_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n ward_n to_o cranburn_n and_o infeft_v he_o therein_o to_o be_v hold_v of_o the_o king_n this_o defence_n be_v not_o find_v relevant_a that_o the_o seasine_a be_v not_o confirm_v and_o so_o null_a though_o do_v upon_o deathbed_n accept_v for_o a_o minor_a absent_a and_o inscient_a and_o recall_v and_o reduce_v 12._o for_o in_o such_o case_n as_o in_o rebellion_n or_o escheat_n there_o be_v no_o privilege_n of_o minority_n nor_o of_o deed_n upon_o deathbed_n against_o the_o superior_a though_o do_v by_o a_o minor_a except_o the_o deed_n upon_o deathbed_n be_v in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o heir_n and_o be_v reduce_v by_o the_o heir_n ex_fw-la capite_fw-la lecti_fw-la but_o in_o this_o case_n dirletoun_v heir_n do_v not_o quarrel_v the_o disposition_n make_v by_o he_o as_o do_v upon_o deathbed_n but_o do_v take_v a_o gift_n of_o recognition_n from_o the_o king_n but_o where_o the_o gift_n of_o recognition_n be_v not_o grant_v to_o the_o heir-male_n who_o be_v heir_n in_o the_o investiture_n but_o to_o a_o heir_n female_a the_o heir-male_n propon_v that_o the_o alienation_n be_v upon_o deathbed_n and_o so_o null_a as_o to_o he_o the_o lord_n find_v that_o if_o the_o disposition_n be_v upon_o deathbed_n the_o defence_n be_v relevant_a and_o competent_a by_o way_n of_o exception_n the_o declarator_n of_o recognition_n not_o be_v a_o possessory_a judgement_n but_o where_o the_o disposition_n be_v in_o liege_n poustie_a and_o be_v deliver_v with_o a_o precept_n of_o seasine_n simple_o without_o 〈◊〉_d not_o to_o take_v seasine_n base_a upon_o the_o precept_n which_o import_v a_o warrant_n to_o take_v seasine_n thereupon_o it_o be_v find_v the_o take_a seasine_n when_o the_o disponer_n be_v upon_o deathbed_n upon_o that_o precept_n subscribe_v and_o deliver_v in_o 〈◊〉_d poustie_a do_v infer_v recognition_n july_n 20._o 1669._o barcley_n contra_fw-la barcley_n 13._o it_o be_v much_o debate_v among_o the_o feudist_n whether_o by_o subfeudation_a recognition_n be_v incur_v or_o whether_o it_o be_v comprehend_v under_o alienation_n because_o in_o libro_fw-la jeudorum_fw-la albeit_o alienation_n of_o fee_n be_v express_o prohibit_v yet_o in_o the_o same_o place_n as_o craig_n observe_v subfeudation_a be_v allow_v because_o by_o subfeudation_a neither_o the_o personal_a right_n betwixt_o superior_a and_o vassal_n be_v alter_v see_v the_o vassal_n continue_v vassal_n and_o liable_a to_o all_o these_o neither_o be_v the_o real_a right_n and_o interest_n of_o the_o superior_a in_o the_o fee_n itself_o diminish_v but_o he_o have_v the_o same_o access_n thereto_o as_o if_o there_o have_v be_v no_o subfeudation_a yet_o subfeudation_a in_o all_o case_n be_v account_v alienation_n and_o where_o alienation_n be_v prohibit_v subfeudation_a be_v understand_v and_o so_o emphitiosis_n or_o feu-ferm_a which_o be_v at_o least_o a_o perpetual_a location_n for_o solve_v this_o difficulty_n it_o must_v be_v remember_v that_o feudalia_fw-la be_v localia_fw-la regulable_a according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o several_a place_n and_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o feudal-rights_a and_o common_a feudal-custom_n where_o special_a custom_n be_v not_o and_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o question_n of_o this_o point_n in_o france_n or_o most_o place_n in_o germany_n where_o alienation_n of_o fee_n many_o way_n be_v allow_v but_o in_o italy_n and_o other_o country_n where_o the_o common_a feudal_n
custom_n rule_v ordinary_o according_a to_o the_o feudal-book_n the_o doubt_n remain_v which_o may_v be_v clear_v thus_o first_o though_o in_o some_o case_n alienation_n be_v extend_v to_o location_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o so_o by_o the_o common_a feudal_a custom_n second_o if_o the_o subfeudation_a be_v a_o real_a feu-ferm_a whereby_o the_o feu-duty_n be_v considerable_a and_o competent_a to_o entertain_v the_o vassal_n such_o subfeudation_a be_v thereby_o account_v only_a lacation_n nor_o do_v it_o infer_v recognition_n be_v in_o effect_n no_o more_o than_o a_o perpetual_a location_n whereby_o the_o antinomy_n in_o the_o feudal_n law_n be_v sufficient_o reconcile_v that_o such_o sub-feudations_a be_v not_o alienation_n but_o if_o the_o subfeudation_a be_v ward_n blensh_fw-mi or_o in_o mortification_n or_o though_o it_o be_v under_o the_o name_n of_o emphyteosis_n yet_o for_o a_o elusory_a or_o a_o inconsiderable_a and_o unproportionable_a feu-duty_n which_o by_o no_o estimation_n can_v be_v correspodent_a to_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o fee_n but_o within_o the_o half_a of_o the_o true_a worth_n in_o these_o case_n the_o subfeudation_a be_v alienation_n infer_v recognition_n 14._o as_o to_o our_o own_o custom_n in_o this_o point_n they_o do_v agree_v to_o the_o common_a feudal_n custom_n as_o to_o subaltern_n infeftment_n blensh_fw-mi ward_n or_o in_o mortification_n or_o elusory_a or_o unprofitable_a feus_n but_o as_o to_o feve_n by_o which_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o ward_n or_o fee_n be_v not_o take_v away_o though_o such_o case_n have_v not_o occur_v to_o be_v controvert_v they_o seem_v not_o to_o infer_v recognition_n for_o if_o the_o major_a part_n be_v not_o alienate_v subaltern_n infeudation_n though_o blensh_fw-mi or_o in_o mortification_n infer_v not_o recognition_n when_o these_o right_n be_v disjunctim_fw-la of_o part_n of_o the_o fee_n there_o appear_v no_o reason_n that_o the_o subfeudation_n of_o the_o whole_a with_o a_o feu-duty_n equivalent_a to_o the_o half_a of_o the_o true_a rent_n whereby_o in_o effect_n the_o half_a be_v not_o alienate_v see_v the_o dominium_fw-la directum_fw-la of_o the_o whole_a and_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o half_a be_v retain_v shall_v infer_v recognition_n especial_o now_o when_o general_o fee_n be_v grant_v for_o cause_n onerous_a 15._o and_o by_o the_o statute_n allow_v feve_n par._n 1457._o cap._n 72._o it_o be_v provide_v that_o the_o feu_fw-fr be_v set_v to_o a_o competent_a avail_n which_o by_o the_o say_a statute_n be_v clear_v to_o be_v without_o diminution_n of_o the_o rental_a and_o which_o be_v common_o interpret_v the_o retoure_n duty_n because_o it_o be_v the_o public_a valuation_n and_o rate_n at_o that_o time_n and_o by_o the_o say_a statute_n such_o feve_n be_v confirm_v and_o declare_v not_o to_o be_v prejudge_v by_o the_o ward_n without_o mention_n of_o the_o hazard_n of_o recognition_n as_o not_o be_v consequent_a upon_o such_o feve_n but_o this_o statute_n be_v abrogate_v as_o to_o the_o liege_n par._n 18._o ja._n 6._o cap._n 12._o all_o sub-feves_a of_o ward-land_n hold_v of_o subject_n without_o the_o superior_n consent_n be_v declare_v null_n and_o void_a but_o there_o be_v no_o mention_n of_o recognition_n to_o be_v incur_v thereby_o and_o feve_n be_v only_o prohibit_v as_o be_v in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o over-lord_n who_o be_v not_o prejudge_v if_o the_o major_a part_n be_v not_o alienate_v see_v all_o subaltern_n infeftment_n not_o exceed_v the_o half_a be_v allow_v by_o law_n and_o albeit_o the_o narrative_a of_o the_o act_n respect_n feve_v precede_v it_o yet_o the_o statutory_a part_n be_v only_o as_o to_o feve_v grant_v thereafter_o and_o the_o like_a prohibition_n be_v appoint_v for_o the_o king_n and_o prince_n vassal_n par._n 1633._o cap._n 16._o the_o effect_n of_o this_o act_n as_o to_o the_o vassal_n of_o the_o king_n and_o prince_n be_v suspend_v till_o the_o next_o meeting_n of_o parliament_n and_o the_o vassal_n exempt_v therefrom_o in_o the_o interim_n par._n 1640._o cap._n 36._o and_o the_o say_a act_n be_v whole_o repeal_v par._n 1641._o cap._n 58._o and_o so_o remain_v until_o all_o these_o parliament_n be_v rescind_v see_v the_o private_a right_n of_o party_n acquire_v thereby_o by_o the_o general_a act_n rescissory_a par._n 1661._o cap._n 15._o but_o it_o have_v be_v find_v that_o alienation_n during_o these_o act_n now_o rescind_v and_o during_o the_o usurpation_n when_o ward_n be_v discharge_v do_v infer_v recognition_n see_v the_o vassal_n do_v not_o seek_v confirmation_n after_o the_o king_n return_n december_n 15._o 1669._o maitland_n of_o pittrichy_n contra_fw-la gordoun_n of_o gight_n the_o like_a be_v find_v in_o the_o recognition_n at_o the_o instance_n of_o sir_n george_n kinard_n contra_fw-la the_o vassal_n of_o the_o lord_n grace_n the_o like_a though_o the_o base_a infeftment_n infer_v recognitien_n be_v in_o anno_fw-la 1643._o when_o there_o be_v a_o statute_n then_o stand_v allow_v such_o infeftment_n see_v after_o rescind_v that_o statute_n no_o application_n be_v make_v to_o the_o king_n for_o confirmation_n january_n 7._o 1676._o cockburn_n of_o riselaw_n conira_fw-la cockburn_n of_o chouslie_o but_o recognition_n be_v exclude_v where_o the_o vassal_n require_v the_o superior_a to_o confirm_v the_o subaltern_a right_n debito_fw-la tempore_fw-la or_o do_v purge_v the_o same_o by_o procure_v resignation_n ad_fw-la remanentiam_fw-la to_o himself_o from_o the_o sub-vassal_n february_n 12._o 1674._o viscount_n of_o kilsyth_n contra_fw-la hamiltoun_n of_o bardowie_a but_o recognition_n be_v not_o find_v against_o a_o pupil_n upon_o his_o tutor_n take_v infeftment_n for_o he_o during_o the_o usurpation_n july_n 15._o 1669._o jack_n contra_fw-la jack_n whereby_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o feve_n have_v no_o effect_n against_o the_o superior_a as_o to_o the_o ward_n nonentry_n more_o than_o tack_n 16._o whether_o the_o alienation_n be_v by_o infeftment_n hold_v from_o or_o of_o the_o vassal_n there_o be_v no_o recognition_n with_o we_o except_o in_o ward-holdings_a yea_o if_o the_o hold_v be_v dubious_a and_o soa_o probable_a ground_n of_o error_n of_o the_o vassal_n as_o be_v a_o payment_n of_o money_n in_o the_o reddendo_fw-la with_o service_n use_v and_o wont_a which_o though_o true_o ward_n yet_o because_o the_o payment_n of_o money_n may_v render_v it_o dubious_a craig_n hold_v in_o the_o say_v dieg._n l._n 3._o that_o it_o will_v not_o infer_v recognition_n yet_o this_o will_v not_o give_v ground_n to_o think_v that_o alienation_n of_o land_n taxt-ward_n will_v excuse_v from_o recognition_n because_o ward_n be_v more_o clear_a and_o express_v nominatim_fw-la in_o that_o case_n in_o itself_o for_o the_o casualty_n thereof_o be_v tax_v as_o the_o marriage_n and_o ward-duty_n which_o 〈◊〉_d be_v but_o a_o liquidation_n or_o location_n of_o these_o casualty_n when_o they_o occur_v and_o no_o alteration_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o fee_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o say_a pursuit_n at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o lady_n carnagie_n contra_fw-la the_o lord_n cranburn_n it_o be_v not_o find_v relevant_a to_o exclude_v the_o recognition_n that_o the_o ward_n be_v tax_v 17._o it_o be_v also_o clear_a that_o alienation_n whether_o by_o infeftment_n hold_v of_o or_o from_o the_o vassal_n not_o exceed_v the_o half_a of_o the_o fee_n infer_v not_o recognition_n so_o much_o be_v indulge_v to_o the_o vassal_n for_o his_o conveniency_n or_o necessity_n but_o if_o together_o or_o by_o parcel_n or_o by_o annualrent_a the_o major_a part_n be_v alienat_fw-la not_o only_o that_o which_o then_o be_v in_o the_o vassal_n person_n fall_v under_o recognition_n but_o as_o craig_n hold_v in_o the_o forecited_a place_n dieg._n 3._o l._n 3._o even_o the_o whole_a fee_n so_o that_o parcel_n alienat_fw-la valid_o but_o without_o the_o superior_n consent_v before_o become_v void_a and_o return_v but_o though_o the_o vassal_n grant_v infeftment_n exceed_v the_o half_a of_o the_o fee_n yet_o if_o some_o of_o they_o be_v extinct_a before_o other_o be_v grant_v so_o that_o there_o be_v at_o no_o time_n right_n stand_v together_o exceed_v the_o half_a of_o the_o see_v recognition_n be_v not_o incur_v february_n 23._o 1681._o john_n hay_o contra_fw-la creditor_n of_o muirie_n but_o deed_n do_v by_o predecessor_n and_o their_o heir_n or_o author_n and_o their_o successor_n be_v in_o that_o case_n conjoin_v upon_o the_o same_o ground_n a_o infeftment_n of_o the_o see_v in_o liferent_a will_v not_o infer_v recognition_n because_o it_o exceed_v not_o the_o half_a of_o the_o value_n yea_o recognition_n be_v find_v not_o incur_v by_o grant_v a_o infeftment_n in_o warrandice_n for_o warrandice_n be_v but_o a_o hazard_n in_o case_n of_o eviction_n not_o equivalent_a to_o the_o half_a of_o the_o worth_n of_o the_o land_n grant_v in_o warrandice_n unless_o the_o right_n of_o the_o principal_a land_n be_v manifeft_o defective_a feb._n 21._o 1623._o cathcart_n contra_fw-la
campbel_n 18._o recognition_n be_v not_o infer_v by_o a_o alienation_n to_o the_o vassal_n appearand_a heir_n by_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o law_n as_o by_o a_o father_n to_o his_o elder_a son_n because_o the_o fee_n will_v befall_v to_o the_o son_n after_o the_o father_n deceass_n neither_o be_v it_o infer_v by_o a_o alienation_n grant_v by_o a_o grandfather_n with_o consent_n of_o his_o son_n to_o his_o oye_n who_o be_v alioqui_fw-la successurus_fw-la by_o the_o course_n of_o law_n hope_v recognition_n adam_n rae_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o kellie_n yet_o recognition_n be_v find_v incur_v by_o a_o vassal_n infeftment_n to_o his_o elder_a son_n his_o heir_n and_o assigney_n the_o son_n have_v dispone_v the_o major_a part_n to_o stranger_n see_v the_o father_n who_o be_v vassal_n do_v not_o bind_v up_o his_o son_n from_o dispone_v by_o a_o clause_n irritant_fw-la neither_o do_v the_o son_n purge_v the_o alienation_n make_v by_o he_o during_o his_o father_n life_n july_n 15._o 1674._o sir_n charles_n erskin_n contra_fw-la forbes_n of_o achintoul_n and_o recognition_n be_v find_v incur_v by_o the_o infeftment_n of_o ward-land_n by_o a_o husband_n to_o his_o wife_n in_o fee_n fail_v heir_n ofhi_v body_n albeit_o the_o wife_n do_v not_o accept_v or_o make_v use_n of_o the_o same_o but_o brook_v by_o a_o prior_n conjunct_a infeftment_n february_n 14._o 1678._o knock_z contra_fw-la lady_n knock._n and_o recognition_n be_v find_v to_o be_v incur_v by_o a_o alienation_n by_o the_o vassal_n to_o his_o brother_n who_o for_o the_o time_n be_v his_o appearand_a heir_n but_o not_o necessary_o by_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o law_n see_v the_o vassal_n may_v have_v have_v child_n of_o his_o own_o and_o so_o his_o brother_n can_v not_o be_v call_v alioqui_fw-la successurus_fw-la unless_o it_o be_v by_o accident_n spot_n recognition_n king_n advocate_n and_o his_o son_n contra_fw-la earl_n of_o cassils_n and_o collane_n the_o like_a july_n 29._o 1672._o lord_n hattoun_n contra_fw-la earl_n of_o northesk_n 19_o it_o be_v more_o questionable_a whether_o recognition_n be_v incur_v by_o a_o conditional_a alienation_n bear_v if_o the_o superior_a consent_n or_o save_v the_o superior_n right_a craig_n follow_v baldus_n in_o the_o say_v three_o diege_n l_o 3._o declare_v that_o if_o such_o clause_n be_v insert_v bona_fw-la fide_fw-la they_o infer_v not_o recognition_n but_o contrariwys_o if_o they_o be_v do_v fraudulent_o as_o when_o the_o vassal_n seize_v and_o possess_v a_o powerful_a person_n who_o the_o superior_a can_v easy_o dispossess_v or_o his_o enemy_n concern_v who_o there_o can_v be_v no_o doubt_n of_o the_o superior_n will_v or_o if_o the_o superior_a have_v declare_v his_o will_n upon_o the_o contrary_n but_o for_o clear_v further_o of_o the_o point_n distinction_n will_v be_v make_v of_o the_o nature_n and_o tenor_n of_o the_o clause_n which_o may_v either_o be_v suspensive_a or_o resolutive_a of_o the_o property_n or_o fee_n in_o the_o former_a case_n tradition_n be_v only_o make_v of_o the_o possession_n but_o the_o property_n be_v suspend_v till_o the_o superior_n will_v be_v know_v as_o if_o the_o vassal_n dispone_n and_o possess_v another_o without_o seasine_n there_o can_v be_v no_o recognition_n or_o though_o he_o possess_v he_o by_o a_o instrument_n ofpossession_n bear_v express_o that_o he_o shall_v have_v no_o right_n to_o the_o property_n till_o the_o superior_n consent_v be_v obtain_v this_o be_v a_o suspensive_a clause_n like_v to_o the_o addictio_fw-la in_o diem_fw-la in_o the_o civil_a law_n by_o which_o only_a possession_n and_o not_o the_o property_n be_v transmit_v for_o that_o time_n and_o so_o till_o the_o purification_n of_o the_o condition_n it_o can_v be_v no_o alienation_n but_o when_o the_o clause_n be_v only_o resolutive_a not_o hinder_v the_o transmission_n of_o the_o property_n but_o resolve_v or_o annul_v the_o same_o though_o transmit_v in_o such_o a_o case_n such_o clause_n do_v not_o exclude_v recognition_n because_o there_o be_v true_o there_o a_o alienation_n without_o the_o superior_a consent_n which_o be_v only_o to_o be_v disannul_v by_o his_o disassent_v much_o less_o can_v such_o general_a clause_n as_o salvo_n jure_fw-la cujuslibet_fw-la or_o salvo_n jure_fw-la superioris_fw-la avoid_v recognition_n 20._o recognition_n be_v find_v not_o exclude_v or_o burden_v by_o inhibition_n against_o the_o ward-vassal_n before_o the_o gift_n and_o declarator_n of_o the_o deed_n infer_v recognition_n see_v the_o creditor_n inhibit_v do_v not_o pursue_v reduction_n before_o declaratorof_o recognition_n december_n 16._o 1680._o john_n hay_o contra_fw-la bethark_n and_o laird_n of_o balagarno_n 21._o neither_o be_v recognition_n exclude_v because_o the_o deed_n infer_v recognition_n be_v do_v when_o the_o disponer_n be_v drink_v not_o be_v to_o stupidity_n impede_v reason_n july_n 29._o 1672._o lord_n hattoun_n contra_fw-la earl_n of_o northesk_n 22._o to_o come_v now_o to_o the_o superior_n consent_n it_o may_v be_v either_o antecedent_n concomitant_a or_o consequent_a to_o the_o alienation_n and_o it_o may_v be_v either_o express_a or_o tacit_a all_o which_o will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o avoid_v recognition_n albeit_o many_o of_o they_o will_v not_o be_v sufficient_a to_o make_v a_o valide_fw-la infeftment_n if_o the_o same_o be_v grant_v by_o the_o vassal_n to_o be_v hold_v from_o he_o of_o the_o superior_a which_o by_o our_o custom_n be_v null_a till_o it_o be_v confirm_v whereunto_o a_o anterior_a consent_n or_o homologation_n in_o any_o way_n will_v not_o suffice_v craig_n in_o the_o forementioned_a dieg._n 3._o relate_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o feudist_n whereunto_o he_o agree_v that_o if_o the_o vassal_n fee_fw-mi be_v grant_v to_o he_o his_o heir_n and_o assigney_n whatsoever_o that_o thereby_o there_o be_v grant_v a_o general_a antecedent_n consent_n of_o the_o superior_a to_o his_o vassal_n to_o and_o assigney_n whatsoever_o that_o thereby_o there_o be_v grant_v a_o general_a antecedent_n consent_n of_o the_o superior_a to_o his_o vassal_n to_o alienat_fw-la or_o assign_v to_o who_o he_o please_v but_o the_o contrary_n be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o lady_n cranagie_n contra_fw-la lord_n cranburn_n feb._n 5._o 1633._o and_o that_o the_o disposition_n to_o assigney_n do_v only_o importa_fw-la power_n to_o assign_v the_o disposition_n before_o infeftment_n take_v thereupon_o 23._o there_o be_v no_o question_n but_o the_o superior_a confirmation_n be_v sufficient_a even_o the_o king_n confirmation_n though_o without_o a_o novo_fw-la damus_fw-la albeit_o it_o may_v pass_v in_o exchequer_n without_o the_o knowledge_n &_o advertency_n of_o the_o recognition_n incur_v it_o be_v find_v sufficient_a be_v do_v before_o the_o donatar_n of_o recognition_n be_v infeft_v hope_v recognition_n rae_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o kellie_n which_o confirmation_n do_v secure_a against_o recognition_n fall_v by_o thatinfeftment_n confirm_v but_o do_v not_o secure_a against_o recognition_n upon_o other_o subaltern_a infeftment_n not_o confirm_v which_o be_v not_o consider_v to_o be_v know_v by_o the_o king_n or_o his_o officer_n without_o a_o novo_fw-la damus_fw-la and_o so_o import_v but_o a_o pass_n from_o recognition_n by_o the_o infeftment_n confirm_v but_o not_o to_o import_v a_o absolute_a ratification_n pro_fw-la omni_fw-la jure_fw-la february_n 6._o 1673._o lord_n hattoun_n contra_fw-la earl_n of_o weims_n the_o like_a be_v find_v february_n 23._o 1681._o john_n hay_o contra_fw-la creditor_n of_o murie_n and_o a_o donatar_n of_o recognition_n have_v grant_v precept_n of_o clare_v constat_fw-la acknowledge_v the_o vassal_n right_a be_v find_v thereby_o exclude_v albeit_o the_o precept_n do_v bear_v to_o be_v in_o obedience_n of_o precept_n out_o of_o the_o chanclery_n june_n 24._o 1668._o andrew_n grace_n contra_fw-la howison_n and_o grace_n but_o the_o superior_n consent_n be_v not_o infer_v by_o grant_v charter_n for_o obedience_n upon_o apprize_a though_o before_o any_o infeftment_n of_o the_o donatar_n hope_v recognition_n laird_n of_o lugtoun_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o lethendie_n 24._o the_o superior_a consent_n also_o by_o homologation_n be_v sufficient_a to_o avoid_v recognition_n as_o if_o it_o be_v express_a consent_n as_o if_o the_o superior_a require_v the_o new_a vassal_n or_o sub-vassal_n to_o perform_v the_o service_n due_a out_o of_o the_o fee_n for_o thereby_o he_o acknowledge_v he_o vassal_n as_o be_v observe_v by_o craig_n in_o the_o case_n betwixt_o the_o laird_n of_o calderwood_n and_o maxwel_n of_o calderhead_n or_o if_o the_o superior_a shall_v pursue_v the_o new_a vassal_n for_o the_o avail_n of_o his_o marriage_n liferent-escheat_n or_o other_o casuality_n of_o the_o superiority_n 25._o recognition_n be_v incur_v so_o open_v and_o return_v the_o fee_n to_o the_o superior_a that_o no_o debt_n or_o deed_n of_o the_o vassal_n do_v burden_n the_o same_o but_o these_o only_a which_o before_o that_o time_n be_v establish_v by_o consent_n of_o the_o superior_a or_o authority_n of_o law_n
apprize_a be_v find_v effectual_a against_o his_o successor_n by_o translation_n july_n 6._o 1676._o sir_n lodovick_n gordoun_n contra_fw-la skeen_n and_o crawford_n but_o the_o back-bond_n of_o a_o assigney_n to_o a_o disposition_n of_o land_n not_o draw_v in_o question_n till_o the_o assigney_n singular_a successor_n be_v infeft_v upon_o his_o translation_n be_v not_o find_v effectual_a against_o the_o singular_a successor_n june_n 20._o 1676._o brown_n contra_fw-la smith_n for_o if_o assignation_n back-pond_n or_o even_o discharge_v or_o renunciation_n of_o redeemable_a disposition_n of_o land_n be_v effectual_a against_o singular_a successor_n in_o these_o land_n after_o the_o right_n be_v perfect_v in_o their_o own_o person_n or_o their_o author_n by_o infeftment_n it_o may_v in_o a_o great_a part_n disappoint_v the_o design_n of_o these_o excellent_a statute_n for_o registration_n of_o land_n right_n therefore_o unless_o inhibition_n be_v use_v or_o the_o matter_n make_v litigious_a upon_o these_o personal_a right_n before_o infeftment_n they_o be_v not_o habile_fw-la to_o affect_v a_o real_a right_n or_o a_o singular_a successor_n therein_o but_o because_o appryzing_n within_o the_o legal_a may_v be_v take_v away_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o personal_a right_n therefore_o the_o assignation_n discharge_v and_o back_o bond_n by_o these_o who_o have_v right_a to_o the_o apprize_a be_v make_v within_o the_o legal_a be_v effectual_a if_o thereupon_o the_o matter_n be_v make_v litigious_a before_o the_o expyry_a of_o the_o legal_a reversion_n or_o inhibition_n use_v thereupon_o they_o will_v be_v effectual_a against_o the_o singular_a successor_n even_o after_o the_o legal_a be_v expyre_v but_o after_o expyry_a of_o the_o legal_a infeftment_n upon_o appryzing_n be_v in_o the_o same_o case_n as_o infeftment_n upon_o irredeemable_a disposition_n for_o they_o be_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o right_n of_o most_o land_n in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o if_o personal_a right_n shall_v make_v they_o insecure_a after_o the_o expyry_a of_o the_o legal_a it_o will_v be_v of_o great_a inconvenience_n 22._o assigney_n by_o tutor_n to_o their_o pupil_n bond_n will_v have_v no_o execution_n till_o the_o tutor_n count_n be_v make_v by_o the_o cedent_fw-la decem._n 2._o 1679._o james_n cleiland_n contra_fw-la bailzie_n of_o lamingtoun_n 23._o it_o be_v more_o dubious_a and_o have_v be_v diverse_o decide_v when_o the_o exception_n be_v personal_a against_o the_o cedent_fw-la in_o mutual_a contract_n the_o contracter_n himself_o can_v have_v no_o action_n unless_o he_o fulfil_v his_o part_n but_o whether_o his_o assigney_n will_v be_v in_o the_o like_a case_n be_v the_o question_n which_o be_v at_o large_a clear_v tit._n 10._o §_o 16._o and_o therefore_o shall_v not_o be_v here_o repeat_v judicial_a assignation_n be_v oftwo_a sort_n according_a to_o the_o matter_n convey_v thereby_o which_o if_o it_o be_v movable_a be_v convey_v from_o the_o debtor_n to_o his_o creditor_n by_o arrestment_n and_o decreet_a for_o make_v the_o arrest_v sum_n and_o good_n forthcoming_a and_o if_o it_o be_v heritable_a by_o apprize_a or_o adjudication_n as_o to_o the_o first_o that_o the_o progress_n upon_o arrestment_n may_v be_v clear_o take_v up_o we_o shall_v first_o consider_v the_o arrestment_n itself_o second_o the_o louse_v of_o it_o three_o the_o action_n for_o make_v forthcoming_a arrestment_n be_v a_o precept_n or_o command_n of_o a_o judge_n ordain_v the_o thing_n arrest_v to_o remain_v in_o the_o same_o case_n it_o be_v when_o arrest_v till_o such_o thing_n be_v do_v as_o be_v prescribe_v in_o the_o precept_n or_o letter_n of_o arrestment_n it_o be_v sometime_o extend_v to_o any_o preparatory_a precept_n of_o a_o judge_n antecedent_n unto_o any_o further_a process_n so_o the_o first_o citation_n or_o secure_n of_o person_n till_o trial_n be_v make_v or_o surety_n find_v it_o be_v call_v a_o arrestment_n or_o attatchment_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o force_n of_o the_o crowner_n arreftment_n of_o delinquent_n par._n 1487._o cap._n 99_o par._n 1528._o cap._n 5._o but_o arrestment_n proceed_v most_o ordinary_o upon_o a_o interlocutor_n sentence_n as_o when_o party_n be_v contend_v for_o peat_n turff_n or_o corn_n upon_o debateable_a land_n these_o use_n to_o be_v arrest_v till_o the_o mater_fw-la be_v decide_v whereby_o the_o thing_n arrest_v become_v litigious_a and_o any_o thing_n do_v to_o the_o contrary_n have_v the_o effect_n of_o breach_n of_o arrestment_n and_o be_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o innovatalite_fw-la dependente_fw-la which_o therefore_o must_v be_v summary_o restore_v and_o put_v in_o statu_fw-la quo_fw-la and_o bring_v no_o advantage_n but_o loss_n to_o the_o actor_n 24._o but_o arrestment_n which_o we_o be_v now_o about_o be_v precept_n or_o letter_n of_o arrestment_n arrest_v debt_n or_o good_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o any_o party_n haver_n thereof_o at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o creditor_n of_o he_o to_o who_o the_o debt_n or_o good_n belong_v to_o remain_v under_o arrestment_n until_o the_o debt_n whereupon_o the_o arrestment_n proceed_v be_v secure_v or_o satisfy_v therefore_o arrestment_n may_v be_v grant_v by_o all_o judge_n ordinar_n superior_a or_o inferior_a but_o the_o arrestment_n of_o a_o inferior_a judge_n be_v only_o find_v effectual_a in_o process_n before_o himself_o and_o before_o no_o other_o inferior_a judge_n march_v 8._o 1634._o smith_n contra_fw-la miller_n but_o upon_o occasion_n of_o this_o debate_n most_o of_o the_o lord_n think_v a_o inferior_a judge_n may_v proceed_v upon_o the_o lord_n arrestment_n pass_v in_o the_o king_n name_n and_o there_o be_v not_o want_v ground_n to_o think_v that_o a_o inferior_a judge_n may_v proceed_v upon_o the_o arrestment_n of_o another_o see_v all_o of_o they_o proceed_v alone_o upon_o the_o king_n authority_n as_o if_o the_o defender_n change_v his_o domicile_fw-la a_o arrestment_n make_v by_o the_o inferior_a judge_n where_o hedwelt_v before_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v ineffectual_a nor_o he_o necessitate_v to_o pursue_v before_o the_o lord_n as_o be_v find_v in_o a_o arrestment_n before_o the_o admiral_n march_z 22_o 1637._o 〈◊〉_d contra_fw-la grace_n yet_o a_o arrestment_n upon_o the_o precept_n of_o a_o inferior_a judge_n be_v find_v null_n because_o execute_v without_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o that_o judge_n although_o the_o party_n in_o who_o hand_n it_o be_v make_v dw_o eltwithin_v the_o jurisdiction_n decem._n 5._o 1671._o mr._n andrew_n miller_n contra_fw-la orsburn_n crawford_n and_o the_o laird_n of_o bishoptoun_n the_o reason_n hereof_o be_v no_o execution_n be_v valid_a extra_n tertitorium_fw-la judicis_fw-la which_o do_v not_o conclude_v against_o the_o arrestment_n of_o a_o inferior_a judge_n make_v within_o his_o own_o jurisdiction_n but_o that_o it_o will_v be_v sustain_v against_o that_o party_n in_o any_o process_n before_o the_o lord_n or_o any_o superior_a have_v cumulative_a jurisdiction_n or_o even_o before_o a_o co-ordinat_a or_o inferior_a jurisdiction_n in_o which_o if_o any_o question_n be_v make_v the_o lord_n by_o letter_n of_o supplement_n will_v ready_o auctorize_v the_o same_o arrestment_n require_v no_o other_o solemnity_n but_o the_o execution_n thereof_o by_o he_o to_o who_o the_o letter_n be_v direct_v which_o require_v the_o like_a requisite_n as_o other_o execution_n do_v of_o which_o hereafter_o 25._o there_o have_v be_v a_o extraordinary_a form_n of_o arrestment_n sometime_o use_v and_o sustain_v whereby_o creditor_n do_v arrest_v the_o good_n of_o their_o debtor_n in_o the_o debtor_n own_o hand_n and_o thereupon_o do_v pursue_v such_o as_o buy_v from_o they_o whereof_o there_o be_v a_o instance_n observe_v by_o dury_n jan._n 10._o 1624._o betwixt_o the_o laird_n of_o innerweek_n john_n wilkie_n and_o the_o lady_n bothwel_o wherein_o innerweek_n have_v arrest_v a_o parcel_n of_o wool_n in_o the_o lady_n botwel_v hand_n upon_o a_o debt_n owe_v by_o she_o to_o he_o and_o she_o have_v thereafter_o sell_v the_o wool_n to_o john_n wilkie_n who_o pay_v the_o price_n he_o be_v decern_v to_o make_v forthcoming_a the_o true_a worth_n of_o the_o wool_n to_o innerweek_n although_o nothing_o appear_v instruct_v that_o there_o be_v any_o collusion_n betwixt_o the_o lady_n bothwel_n and_o wilkie_n but_o what_o may_v be_v conjecture_v from_o the_o lord_n allow_v the_o price_n of_o the_o wool_n this_o kind_n of_o arrestment_n have_v not_o be_v draw_v in_o example_n for_o i_o have_v find_v no_o instance_n of_o it_o observe_v by_o any_o since_o that_o time_n and_o as_o the_o instance_n observe_v be_v but_o the_o arrestment_n of_o one_o particular_a if_o it_o be_v to_o be_v allow_v it_o may_v be_v extend_v to_o more_o particular_n even_o to_o all_o the_o movable_a good_n and_o mean_n of_o the_o debtor_n and_o certain_o it_o will_v be_v ordinary_o so_o use_v as_o straighten_v the_o debtor_n more_o that_o he_o can_v dispose_v of_o nothing_o but_o to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o arrest_v creditor_n and_o so_o it_o will_v become_v
will_v be_v thereby_o preferable_a to_o all_o other_o right_n after_o the_o registration_n thereof_o june_n 8._o 1665._o 25._o there_o be_v many_o debate_n which_o arise_v concern_v the_o entry_n betwixt_o appryzer_n and_o superior_n as_o whether_o the_o superior_a can_v be_v compel_v to_o receive_v the_o appryzer_n without_o instruct_v that_o the_o vassal_n from_o who_o he_o have_v apprise_v be_v infeft_v or_o special_o charge_v which_o have_v be_v several_a time_n decide_v negative_a fifty_o year_n since_o but_o now_o of_o a_o long_a time_n charge_n against_o superior_n for_o infeft_a appryzer_n salvo_fw-la jure_fw-la ejuslibet_fw-la &_o svo_fw-la have_v be_v still_o sustain_v because_o it_o be_v unusual_a and_o difficult_a for_o the_o appryzer_n to_o get_v his_o debtor_n evident_n unless_o it_o be_v the_o extract_n of_o his_o seasine_n and_o the_o superior_n receive_v he_o upon_o obedience_n can_v prejudge_v he_o and_o therefore_o the_o superior_a be_v ordain_v to_o receive_v the_o appryzer_n though_o himself_o be_v in_o possession_n by_o virtue_n of_o a_o right_n march_v 5._o 1634._o black_a contra_fw-la pitmedden_n the_o like_a whatever_o right_o the_o superior_a may_v pretend_v march_v 11._o 2636._o margaret_n scot_n contra_fw-la gilbert_n eliot_n 26._o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o year_n rend_v by_o the_o act_n of_o par._n 1469._o cap._n 36._o be_v express_v to_o be_v a_o year_n mail_n as_o the_o land_n be_v set_v for_o the_o time_n wherein_o consideration_n be_v have_v of_o such_o real_a burden_n affect_v the_o land_n as_o be_v take_v one_o with_o the_o superior_n consent_n but_o in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o liferent_a so_o take_v on_o the_o year_n rend_v be_v modify_v full_a but_o delay_v to_o be_v pay_v till_o the_o liferenters_n death_n july_n 18._o 1633._o branden_n baird_n contra_fw-la consideration_n be_v also_o have_v of_o feus_n set_v by_o the_o debtor_n before_o the_o apprize_a which_o while_o warrant_v by_o law_n the_o superior_a will_n only_o get_v a_o year_n feu-duty_n for_o receive_v the_o appryzer_n in_o the_o superiority_n feb._n 15._o 1634._o munktoun_n contra_fw-la lord_n yester_n spot_n apprize_a walter_n cowan_n contra_fw-la master_n of_o elphingstoun_n but_o the_o superior_a will_v not_o be_v oblige_v to_o receive_v the_o appryzer_n for_o a_o year_n rend_v of_o the_o money_n apprise_v for_o but_o of_o the_o land_n apprise_v march_v 23._o 1622._o mr._n simeon_n ramsay_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o corstoun_n march_n 30._o 1637._o thomas_n peterson_n contra_fw-la walter_n murray_n yet_o in_o this_o last_o case_n the_o lord_n modify_v the_o rent_n far_o within_o the_o worth_n of_o the_o land_n for_o the_o rent_n be_v worth_a 800._o mark_n be_v modify_v to_o 300._o mark_n a_o superior_a must_v not_o only_o receive_v the_o first_o appryzer_n but_o all_o other_o who_o charge_v though_o one_o be_v infeft_v before_o any_o other_o charge_v march_v 11._o 1628._o ferguson_n contra_fw-la couper_n and_o if_o more_o charge_n he_o must_v accept_v a_o year_n rend_v for_o all_o provide_v that_o he_o who_o shall_v be_v prefer_v refound_v to_o the_o rest_n the_o proportion_n pay_v by_o they_o to_o the_o superior_a july_n 22._o 1628._o lord_n borthwick_n and_o walter_n hay_o contra_fw-la haistoun_n and_o smith_n 27._o if_o the_o superior_a be_v contumacious_a and_o will_v not_o enter_v the_o appryzer_n upon_o diligence_n craig_n lib._n 2._o dieg_n 2._o prescrive_v that_o the_o superior_a may_v be_v thrice_o require_v and_o if_o he_o refuse_v letter_n may_v be_v obtain_v from_o the_o lord_n to_o charge_v his_o superior_a to_o receive_v the_o appryzer_n supply_v his_o place_n and_o so_o from_o superior_a to_o superior_a till_o he_o come_v to_o the_o king_n who_o refuse_v none_o by_o which_o the_o superior_a will_v loose_v the_o casualty_n of_o his_o superiority_n during_o his_o life_n as_o be_v ordinary_a in_o the_o entry_n of_o heir_n upon_o retour_fw-fr 28._o as_o to_o the_o next_o point_n infeftment_n follow_v upon_o apprize_a do_v constitute_v a_o real_a right_n but_o under_o reversion_n of_o seven_o year_n be_v before_o the_o act_n debtor_n and_o creditor_n par._n 1661._o cap._n 62._o or_o since_o of_o ten_o year_n which_o be_v count_v from_o the_o date_n of_o the_o apprize_a and_o not_o from_o the_o allowance_n or_o infeftment_n november_n 11._o 1630._o laird_n of_o limpitlaw_n contra_fw-la mr._n james_n aikenhead_n 29._o yet_o it_o remain_v but_o as_o a_o security_n which_o the_o appryzer_n may_v renunce_v or_o make_v use_n of_o other_o security_n till_o he_o be_v satisfy_v march_v 15._o 1628._o lord_n blantyre_n contra_fw-la parochioner_n of_o bothwel_n the_o like_a though_o after_o the_o legal_a be_v expyre_v decem._n 7._o 1631._o scarlet_n contra_fw-la paterson_n but_o here_o the_o appryzer_n have_v attain_v no_o possession_n 30._o remain_v the_o last_o point_n propose_v how_o appryzing_n become_v extinct_a and_o be_v take_v off_o and_o that_o be_v first_o when_o the_o apprize_a be_v declare_v null_n through_o defect_n of_o any_o essential_a solemnity_n second_o when_o the_o sum_n whereupon_o it_o be_v deduce_v be_v not_o due_a as_o when_o the_o half_a thereof_o be_v pay_v hope_v apprize_a samuel_n blackburn_n contra_fw-la james_n lamb._n james_n lamb_n contra_fw-la hepburn_n of_o smeatoun_n or_o be_v deduce_v for_o a_o term_n rent_n which_o be_v not_o due_a till_o after_o the_o apprize_a albeit_o it_o be_v a_o assigney_n who_o apprise_v see_v it_o be_v to_o the_o behoof_n of_o the_o cedent_fw-la it_o be_v find_v relevan_fw-mi to_o reduce_v the_o apprize_a in_o totum_fw-la june_n 20._o 1678._o scot_n of_o burnfoot_n contra_fw-la sir_n john_n falconer_n and_o james_n edmonston_n jan._n 31._o 1679._o francis_n irving_n contra_fw-la contra_fw-la laird_n of_o drum_n the_o like_a where_o a_o part_n of_o the_o sum_n be_v poind_v for_o and_o yet_o the_o apprize_a be_v for_o the_o whole_a nicol_n qui_fw-la potiores_fw-la in_o pignore_fw-la john_n steven_n contra_fw-la maxwel_n or_o where_o the_o denunciation_n be_v before_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n though_o the_o apprize_a be_v after_o nou._n 28._o 1623._o mr._n robert_n craig_n contra_fw-la wilson_n and_o a_o apprize_a for_o two_o sum_n instead_o thereof_o as_o to_o one_o of_o which_o sum_v the_o decreet_a be_v loose_v &_o turnedin_fw-mi a_o lybel_n before_o the_o apprize_a be_v deduce_v yet_o the_o appryzers_n intromission_n thereby_o before_o citation_n be_v not_o find_v to_o be_v repeal_v as_o be_v consume_v bonafide_fw-la upon_o a_o colourable_a title_n nou._n 23._o 1677._o boid_n and_o graham_n contra_fw-la malloch_n and_o a_o apprize_a be_v reduce_v because_o one_o of_o the_o sum_n apprise_v for_o be_v registrat_n a_o non_fw-la svo_fw-la judice_fw-la july_n 20._o 1678._o moreis_fw-la contra_fw-la orrock_n of_o balram_n in_o which_o case_n the_o lord_n will_v have_v sustain_v the_o apprize_a as_o a_o security_n for_o the_o true_a sum_n rest_v if_o the_o appryzer_n will_v have_v pass_v by_o the_o term_o failzie_a for_o the_o lord_n do_v frequent_o supply_v defect_n in_o appryzing_n or_o adjudication_n in_o so_o far_o as_o they_o may_v stand_v as_o security_n of_o true_a debt_n and_o real_a expense_n especial_o when_o the_o question_n be_v betwixt_o the_o debtor_n and_o the_o appryzer_n but_o not_o in_o competition_n with_o more_o formal_a right_n and_o they_o be_v most_o strict_a against_o appryzing_n or_o adjudication_n when_o they_o be_v insist_v upon_o as_o expire_v or_o for_o penalty_n sheriff-fee_n and_o the_o annualrent_n thereof_o and_o therefore_o a_o posterior_n apprize_a being_n solemn_a and_o formal_a according_a to_o the_o custom_n then_o in_o use_n be_v prefer_v to_o a_o prior_n not_o be_v so_o formal_a july_n 15._o 1670._o lady_n lucia_n hamiltoun_n contra_fw-la boyd_n of_o pitcon_n and_o likeways_o a_o apprize_a being_n lead_v for_o penalty_n and_o term_o failzy_n be_v reduce_v as_o to_o these_o because_o a_o part_n of_o the_o sum_n be_v not_o due_a at_o the_o date_n of_o the_o apprize_a though_o it_o be_v deduce_v at_o the_o instance_n of_o a_o assigney_n but_o if_o it_o be_v prove_v to_o the_o cedent_n behoove_v it_o be_v also_o find_v reducible_a quo_fw-la ad_fw-la the_o accumulation_n of_o the_o annualrent_n and_o make_v they_o and_o penalty_n principal_a sum_n but_o see_v the_o appryzer_n declare_v it_o redeemable_a though_o the_o legal_a reversion_n be_v expyre_v it_o be_v sustain_v as_o a_o security_n of_o the_o first_o principal_a sum_n and_o current_a annualrent_n thereof_o jan._n 31._o 1679._o francis_n lrve_v contra_fw-la laird_n of_o drum_n and_o apprize_a be_v sustain_v upon_o a_o bond_n bear_v a_o long_a term_n of_o payment_n with_o a_o clause_n irritant_fw-la that_o if_o two_o term_n annualrent_a run_v together_o unpay_v the_o whole_a principal_n and_o annual_a shall_v be_v payable_a without_o abide_v the_o first_o term_n though_o there_o be_v no_o declarator_n of_o the_o irritancy_n it_o not_o be_v penal_a but_o take_v away_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o
gift_n of_o escheat_n before_o denunciation_n be_v find_v null_a by_o exception_n because_o it_o mention_v no_o particular_a horning_n whereupon_o it_o proceed_v though_o do_v by_o the_o king_n own_o hand_n at_o court_n and_o though_o anterior_a horning_n be_v produce_v in_o the_o process_n and_o no_o other_o donatar_n nor_o officer_n of_o state_n quarrel_v the_o same_o november_n 20._o 1628._o weston_n contra_fw-la stewart_n 19_o gift_n of_o escheat_n not_o bear_v express_o good_n to_o be_v acquire_v extend_v no_o further_o then_o to_o the_o good_n the_o denunce_v have_v the_o time_n of_o the_o gift_n february_n 27._o 1623._o bruce_n contra_fw-la buckie_n and_o though_o the_o gift_n bear_v express_o not_o only_o the_o good_n the_o rebel_n have_v but_o which_o he_o shall_v acquire_v thereafter_o during_o his_o rebellion_n yet_o the_o same_o be_v only_o extend_v to_o what_o he_o have_v the_o time_n of_o the_o gift_n and_o what_o superveen_v within_o year_n and_o day_n june_n 27._o 1622._o john_n jnglis_fw-la contra_fw-la laird_n of_o caprinton_n it_o be_v so_o decide_v july_n 2._o 1669._o barclay_n contra_fw-la barclay_n yea_o the_o same_o be_v extend_v to_o no_o good_n acquire_v after_o the_o gift_n see_v the_o style_n thereof_o bear_v not_o what_o he_o shall_v acquire_v february_n 2._o 1627._o lewis_n somervail_n contra_fw-la mr._n william_n stirling_n 20._o escheat_n of_o person_n live_v within_o regality_n belong_v to_o the_o lord_n or_o baillie_n of_o regality_n infeft_v with_o that_o privilege_n and_o therefore_o gift_n by_o the_o king_n reach_v not_o these_o escheat_n but_o gift_n by_o the_o lord_n or_o baillie_n of_o the_o regality_n which_o be_v find_v to_o comprehend_v all_o movable_a good_n and_o sum_n belong_v to_o the_o party_n denunce_v as_o well_o within_o the_o regality_n as_o without_o the_o same_o june_n 26._o 1680._o young_a contra_fw-la laird_n of_o raploch_n but_o these_o gift_n differ_v from_o the_o king_n gift_n that_o they_o be_v effectual_a according_a to_o their_o tenor_n both_o as_o to_o good_n before_o and_o after_o the_o gift_n and_o be_v valid_a though_o grant_v general_o or_o though_o before_o the_o casuality_n fall_v if_o a_o special_a gift_n after_o the_o casuality_n fall_v be_v not_o in_o competition_n for_o the_o prior_n limitation_n of_o the_o king_n gift_n be_v only_o in_o favour_n of_o the_o king_n that_o he_o be_v not_o prejudge_v by_o the_o default_n of_o his_o officer_n but_o private_a party_n ought_v sibi_fw-la invigilare_fw-la and_o albeit_o the_o diligence_n of_o creditor_n be_v prefer_v to_o the_o donatar_n chief_o by_o the_o king_n benignity_n yet_o the_o same_o be_v sustain_v against_o a_o donatar_n of_o escheat_n by_o a_o lord_n of_o regality_n february_n 24._o 1637._o gilmore_n contra_fw-la hagie_n 21._o the_o main_a difficulty_n anent_o gift_n be_v when_o they_o be_v simulat_fw-la and_o to_o the_o behoof_n of_o the_o denunce_v which_o be_v much_o clear_v by_o that_o excellent_a statute_n par._n 1592._o cap._n 145._o declare_v it_o a_o sufficient_a evidence_n of_o simulation_n of_o any_o assignation_n or_o gift_n of_o escheat_n if_o the_o rebel_n himself_o his_o wife_n bairn_n or_o near_a friend_n remain_z in_o possession_n of_o his_o tack_v and_o good_n to_o their_o own_o use_n and_o behoove_v yet_o it_o be_v not_o declare_v how_o long_o their_o possession_n must_v be_v see_v the_o rebel_n ordinary_o for_o some_o time_n be_v in_o possession_n till_o the_o donatar_a use_n diligence_n but_o where_o the_o rebel_n retain_v possession_n till_o his_o death_n a_o gift_n though_o declare_v be_v find_v null_a by_o exception_n july_n 12._o 1628._o morison_n contra_fw-la frendraught_n june_n 26._o 1611._o gairdner_n contra_fw-la lord_n grace_n yea_o it_o be_v find_v simulat_fw-la where_o the_o rebel_n possess_v 9_o year_n june_n 27._o 1622._o john_n inglis_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o capringtoun_n and_o other_o circumstance_n concur_v 4_o or_o 5._o year_n by_o the_o rebel_n be_v find_v sufficient_a the_o donatar_a have_v consent_v to_o several_a tack_n and_o wodset_v grant_v by_o the_o rebel_n and_o yet_o the_o same_o gift_n be_v find_v valid_a in_o part_n in_o so_o far_o as_o concern_v heritable_a right_n acquire_v by_o the_o donatar_n from_o the_o rebel_n december_n 23._o 1623._o ballantyn_n contra_fw-la murray_n four_o or_o five_o year_n possession_n of_o the_o rebel_n be_v find_v sufficient_a to_o infer_v simulation_n though_o the_o donatar_n be_v a_o creditor_n and_o the_o rebel_n land_n appryse_v see_v the_o appryser_n possess_v not_o but_o the_o rebel_n 6_o and_o 9_o of_o january_n 1666._o sr._n lawrance_n oliphant_n contra_fw-la sir_n james_n drummond_n so_o that_o the_o time_n of_o possession_n sufficient_a to_o infer_v simulation_n remain_v in_o arbitrio_fw-la judicis_fw-la the_o next_o ground_n of_o the_o simulation_n of_o gift_n of_o escheat_n and_o presume_v the_o same_o to_o the_o rebel_n behoof_n be_v when_o it_o be_v take_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o child_n in_o his_o family_n which_o be_v find_v relevant_a without_o mention_n of_o the_o rebel_n possession_n june_n 25._o 1622._o lord_n borthwick_n bairn_n contra_fw-la dickson_n but_o the_o presumption_n be_v not_o find_v sufficient_a that_o the_o gift_n be_v to_o the_o behoof_n of_o the_o rebel_n son_n here_o it_o be_v not_o allege_v that_o he_o be_v then_o in_o his_o father_n family_n march_v 20._o 1623._o keith_n contra_fw-la benholme_n the_o like_a where_o the_o son_n be_v not_o in_o his_o father_n family_n and_o be_v a_o creditor_n and_o make_v faith_n it_o be_v to_o his_o own_o behoof_n at_o pass_v the_o gift_n though_o the_o party_n denunce_v do_v remain_v in_o possession_n sometime_o after_o declarator_n december_n 4._o 1669._o jaffray_n contra_fw-la jaffray_n the_o three_o presumption_n of_o the_o simulation_n of_o gift_n be_v when_o the_o same_o be_v procure_v and_o past_a by_o the_o rebel_n mean_n which_o be_v sustain_v though_o a_o part_n be_v by_o the_o donatar_n mean_n and_o a_o part_n by_o the_o rebel_n though_o the_o donatar_n be_v then_o a_o creditor_n june_n 26._o 1622._o john_n inglis_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o capringtoun_n the_o like_a find_v probable_a by_o member_n of_o the_o exchequer_n as_o witness_n nou._n 28._o 1626._o earl_n of_o kinghorn_n contra_fw-la wood._n hope_n cessio_fw-la bonorum_fw-la laird_n of_o clunie_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o blandine_n cant_n and_o porterfield_n contra_fw-la sir_n james_n stewart_n the_o like_a against_o a_o assigney_n constitute_v by_o the_o donatar_n hope_v horning_n sir_n georg_n hamilton_n contra_fw-la robert_n ramsay_n simulation_n of_o a_o gift_n of_o life-rent_a to_o the_o rebel_n behoove_v be_v find_v probable_a by_o the_o rebel_n oath_n and_o the_o witness_n insert_v in_o the_o gift_n june_n 19_o 1669._o scot_n contra_fw-la langtoun_n this_o ground_n of_o simulation_n be_v find_v relevant_a not_o only_o against_o the_o donatar_n but_o against_o a_o singular_a succesor_n not_o partake_v of_o the_o fraud_n who_o assignation_n be_v after_o the_o creditor_n diligence_n december_n 10._o 1623._o dowglas_n contra_fw-la belshes_n and_o though_o there_o be_v no_o diligence_n the_o gift_n be_v exp_v blank_a in_o the_o name_n and_o fill_v up_o thereafter_o in_o the_o donatar_n name_n it_o be_v find_v simulat_fw-la even_o as_o to_o he_o though_o obtain_v it_o for_o his_o true_a debt_n december_n 17._o 1670._o nicol_n langton_n contra_fw-la robison_n simulation_n be_v not_o otherwise_o valid_a against_o singular_a successor_n yet_o it_o will_v not_o be_v relevant_a to_o exclude_v the_o donatar_n and_o prefer_v another_o donatar_n in_o so_o far_o as_o concern_v the_o first_o donatar_n debt_n true_o owe_v to_o he_o though_o the_o gift_n be_v give_v at_o the_o rebel_n request_n and_o past_a at_o his_o own_o charge_n so_o that_o the_o exclusiion_n by_o this_o presume_a simulation_n be_v only_o infer_v as_o to_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o gift_n above_o the_o donatar_n own_o debt_n in_o quantum_fw-la lucratus_fw-la est_fw-la for_o that_o be_v find_v no_o fault_n in_o the_o debtor_n rebel_n to_o concur_v in_o desire_n and_o moyen_fw-fr to_o get_v a_o gift_n to_o his_o creditor_n in_o so_o far_o as_o concern_v that_o creditor_n debt_n march_v 11._o 1624._o william_n dowglas_n contra_fw-la viscont_n of_o air._n the_o like_a where_o the_o rebel_n concured_a in_o procur_v the_o gift_n the_o donatar_a have_v make_v faith_n the_o gift_n be_v to_o his_o own_o behoof_n show_v his_o debt_n and_o back-band_n december_n 12._o 1673._o mr._n georg_n dickson_n contra_fw-la sr._n alexander_n mcculloch_n all_o this_o must_v be_v understand_v if_o the_o rebel_n remain_v unrelax_v for_o if_o unrelax_v a_o gift_n though_o take_v express_o in_o his_o name_n return_v and_o accresce_v to_o the_o fisk_n and_o next_o donatar_n july_n 6_o 1627._o earl_n of_o annandale_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o cockpool_n yea_o though_o he_o be_v after_o relax_v before_o any_o other_o gift_n november_n 28._o 1626._o earl_n of_o kinghorn_n contra_fw-la
wood._n june_n 2._o 1610._o lenuox_n contra_fw-la turnbul_n but_o if_o the_o denunce_v be_v relax_v the_o time_n of_o the_o gift_n as_o it_o will_v be_v sufficient_a in_o his_o own_o person_n express_o so_o it_o be_v valid_a in_o another_o person_n though_o to_o his_o behoof_n yet_o it_o will_v exclude_v none_o of_o the_o creditor_n these_o nullity_n be_v not_o only_o competent_a to_o posterior_n donatar_n but_o also_o the_o rebel_n creditor_n use_v diligence_n to_o come_v now_o to_o the_o declarator_n of_o escheat_n there_o be_v two_o the_o first_o general_a the_o next_o special_a 22._o in_o the_o action_n of_o general_n declarator_n the_o rebel_n or_o his_o bairn_n or_o 〈◊〉_d of_o kin_n if_o he_o be_v dead_a must_v be_v call_v hope_n cessio_fw-la bonorum_fw-la frazer_n of_o tillebodie_o contra_fw-la mopherson_n but_o the_o declarator_n have_v no_o effect_n against_o movable_a airship_n unless_o the_o rebel_n air_n be_v call_v as_o to_o the_o other_o movable_n though_o there_o use_v seldom_o to_o be_v executor_n confirm_v to_o defunct_a rebel_n and_o therefore_o the_o wife_n and_o near_a of_o kin_n be_v ordinary_o call_v yet_o where_o the_o wife_n be_v only_o call_v she_o be_v executrix_n confirm_v it_o be_v sustain_v nicol_n de_fw-fr haereditariis_fw-la actionibus_fw-la contra_fw-la relict_n of_o james_n forrest_n and_o though_o summon_v of_o general_a declarator_n bear_v all_o party_n have_v interest_n who_o must_v be_v cite_v general_o at_o the_o mercat_n cross_n of_o the_o head_n burgh_n where_o the_o rebel_n residence_n be_v that_o be_v but_o stilus_fw-la curiae_fw-la and_o the_o want_n of_o it_o hinder_v nothing_o june_n 27._o 1666._o massoun_fw-fr contra_fw-la black_n 23._o the_o title_n in_o the_o general_a declarator_n be_v the_o gift_n and_o the_o horning_n whereupon_o it_o proceed_v the_o extract_n whereof_o do_v as_o sufficient_o prove_v as_o the_o principal_a par._n 1579._o cap._n 75._o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o general_a declarator_n be_v that_o the_o rebel_n be_v due_o and_o orderly_o denunce_v by_o the_o horning_n libel_v and_o that_o thereby_o the_o whole_a movable_a good_n and_o gear_n etc._n etc._n become_v escheat_n and_o belong_v to_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi by_o virtue_n of_o his_o gift_n all_o which_o be_v instant_o verify_v by_o the_o title_n and_o therefore_o if_o no_o relevant_a exception_n be_v propon_v decreet_a be_v instant_o give_v 24._o no_o exception_n will_v be_v here_o competent_a against_o the_o horning_n not_o be_v instant_o verify_v for_o all_o other_o will_v be_v reserve_v to_o reduction_n so_o be_v it_o find_v it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o rebel_n dwell_v in_o another_o shire_n then_o where_o he_o be_v denunce_v june_n 12._o 1611._o mr._n of_o ocheltrie_a contra_fw-la laird_n of_o symonton_n yet_o if_o the_o reduction_n be_v depend_v it_o may_v be_v sustain_v as_o prejudicial_a and_o be_v first_o discuss_v december_n 12._o 1622._o dalmahoy_n contra_fw-la scot._n neither_o will_v any_o exception_n be_v sustain_v against_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o horning_n as_o not_o due_a or_o satisfy_v as_o that_o it_o proceed_v upon_o a_o nats_n band_n subscribe_v only_o by_o one_o notar_n january_n 12._o 1610._o durham_n contra_fw-la clelland_n or_o that_o payment_n be_v make_v before_o denunciation_n november_n 30._o 1630._o dowglas_n contra_fw-la wardlaw_n hope_v horning_n escheat_n lord_n dowglas_n contra_fw-la lord_n carmichael_n the_o reason_n be_v not_o only_o because_o the_o allegiance_n be_v not_o instant_o verify_v but_o special_o because_o the_o king_n officer_n be_v not_o call_v that_o they_o may_v defend_v the_o king_n interest_n and_o obviate_v collusion_n upon_o forge_v discharge_v or_o otherwise_o for_o ofttimes_o the_o donatar_n have_v but_o a_o small_a interest_n in_o respect_n of_o his_o back-band_n and_o so_o may_v ready_o collude_v and_o therefore_o though_o the_o defence_n be_v instant_o verify_v it_o be_v not_o receive_v by_o exception_n though_o it_o may_v just_o be_v without_o multiplication_n of_o process_n intimation_n be_v make_v to_o the_o thesaurer_n and_o advocate_n that_o they_o may_v appear_v for_o the_o king_n interest_n but_o if_o it_o be_v a_o visible_a nullity_n in_o the_o horning_n or_o a_o exception_n wherein_o there_o can_v be_v no_o appearance_n of_o collusion_n it_o be_v sometime_o admit_v as_o this_o exception_n that_o the_o horning_n be_v suspend_v before_o denunciation_n and_o be_v false_a be_v sustain_v hope_v horning_n sheriff_n of_o murray_n contra_fw-la exception_n of_o any_o party_n compear_v for_o their_o interest_n and_o allege_v assignation_n or_o disposition_n of_o the_o good_n or_o diligence_n do_v use_v not_o to_o be_v receive_v in_o the_o general_a declaratar_n but_o reserve_v to_o the_o special_a because_o the_o general_n be_v but_o a_o intimation_n and_o so_o proceed_v summary_o 25._o the_o action_n of_o special_a declarator_n though_o it_o have_v the_o name_n of_o declarator_n yet_o have_v little_a in_o it_o declaratory_a but_o it_o be_v petitory_a of_o the_o good_n special_o libel_v in_o it_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n to_o call_v the_o rebel_n or_o any_o represent_v he_o but_o the_o haver_n or_o intrometter_n with_o the_o escheat_n good_n the_o title_n in_o this_o action_n be_v the_o decreet_a of_o general_a declarator_n and_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n to_o produce_v the_o gift_n or_o horning_n feb._n 10._o 1627._o creditor_n of_o john_n stewart_n of_o coldinghams_n escheat_n contra_fw-la a_o debetor_fw-la to_o the_o rebel_n november_n 20._o 1629._o lundie_n contra_fw-la lundie_n where_o another_o donatar_n be_v admit_v for_o his_o interest_n in_o the_o special_a declarator_n though_o he_o have_v no_o general_a declaratar_n nor_o be_v any_o exception_n competent_a against_o the_o same_o or_o ground_n thereof_o but_o only_o by_o reduction_n yet_o in_o the_o competition_n of_o other_o donatar_n or_o creditor_n have_v use_v diligence_n or_o have_v get_v assignation_n intimate_fw-la or_o disposition_n clad_v with_o possession_n before_o general_a declarator_n upon_o debt_n anterior_a to_o the_o denunciation_n or_o criminal_a fact_n or_o otherways_o upon_o the_o simulation_n of_o the_o gift_n be_v here_o competent_a as_o the_o simulation_n be_v competent_a also_o against_o the_o general_a declarator_n and_o all_o exception_n general_o or_o particular_o reserve_v in_o the_o general_a declarator_n be_v competent_a in_o the_o special_a all_o these_o exception_n be_v hold_v forth_o before_o in_o the_o same_o title_n there_o be_v no_o necessity_n here_o to_o repeat_v they_o in_o aspecial_a declarator_n of_o escheat_n payment_n before_o denunciation_n be_v sustain_v to_o be_v prove_v by_o the_o creditor_n oath_n upon_o a_o reduction_n of_o the_o horning_n and_o general_a declarator_n repeat_v by_o way_n of_o defence_n february_n 10._o 1662._o william_n montgomerie_n contra_fw-la theodor_n montgomerie_n and_o mr._n william_n lander_n in_o this_o cause_n a_o creditor_n be_v not_o find_v to_o have_v interest_n to_o find_v upon_o the_o donatar_n back-band_n give_v to_o the_o thesaurer_n without_o obtain_v a_o second_o gift_n special_a declarator_n may_v be_v pursue_v any_o other_o way_n as_o upon_o arreistment_n or_o particular_a lybel_n for_o restitution_n and_o delivery_n of_o the_o escheat_n good_n it_o be_v also_o consistaut_n in_o the_o same_o lybel_n with_o the_o general_a declarator_n but_o before_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi insist_v in_o the_o other_o member_n for_o the_o special_a declarator_n he_o must_v pursue_v that_o member_n for_o the_o general_a declarator_n 26._o liferent-escheat_n though_o it_o be_v a_o penalty_n of_o contumacy_n and_o rebellion_n and_o so_o be_v proper_o a_o confiscation_n yet_o see_v it_o do_v not_o befall_v only_o to_o the_o fisk_n but_o be_v a_o common_a casuality_n of_o superiority_n and_o have_v be_v handle_v in_o the_o title_n superiority_n we_o shall_v not_o here_o repeat_v but_o only_o touch_v some_o difference_n between_o liferent-escheat_n and_o single-escheat_n first_o single-escheat_n be_v only_o a_o legal_a penalty_n and_o therefore_o belong_v alone_o to_o the_o king_n and_o his_o minister_n of_o justice_n who_o be_v comptable_a to_o he_o therefore_o as_o sheriff_n etc._n etc._n or_o to_o there_o own_o behoof_n by_o their_o infeftment_n as_o lord_n and_o baily_n of_o regality_n but_o liferent-escheat_n be_v not_o only_o penal_a but_o be_v a_o legal_a consequence_n of_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o rebel_n whereby_o he_o be_v outlawed_a and_o have_v no_o person_n in_o judgement_n be_v exclude_v from_o the_o possession_n of_o all_o his_o right_n and_o be_v esteem_v as_o civiliter_fw-la mortuus_fw-la whereby_o his_o fies_z become_v open_a and_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o his_o superior_a whether_o the_o king_n or_o any_o other_o superior_a by_o his_o continue_n unrelax_v year_n and_o day_n and_o therefore_o the_o diligence_n do_v against_o or_o the_o deed_n do_v by_o the_o rebel_n for_o satisfy_v of_o his_o lawful_a debt_n contract_v before_o rebellion_n do_v not_o effect_v his_o liferent-escheat_n as_o they_o do_v his_o single-escheat_n though_o
be_v liable_a to_o fulfil_v the_o bastard_n back-band_n june_n 20._o 1671._o alexander_n alexander_n contra_fw-la lord_n saltoun_n 47._o ultimus_n haeres_fw-la may_v seem_v to_o be_v a_o succession_n from_o the_o dead_a and_o to_o come_v in_o among_o other_o heir_n yet_o though_o it_o have_v the_o resemblance_n of_o a_o heir_n because_o it_o have_v effect_v when_o there_o be_v no_o other_o heir_n and_o make_v the_o heritagelyable_a to_o pay_v the_o defunct_n debt_n it_o be_v only_o a_o caduciarie_n confiscation_n of_o the_o defuncts-estate_n with_o the_o burden_n of_o his_o debt_n but_o no_o proper_a succession_n to_o he_o therein_o which_o appear_v thus_o the_o heir_n be_v one_o person_n in_o law_n and_o be_v therefore_o personal_o obleige_v for_o all_o the_o defunct_n debt_n so_o be_v not_o the_o fisk_n against_o who_o or_o the_o donatar_n there_o lie_v no_o personal_a action_n for_o payment_n but_o for_o restitution_n if_o he_o have_v intromet_v and_o of_o real_a action_n contra_fw-la haereditatem_fw-la jacentem_fw-la which_o be_v most_o proper_a by_o adjudication_n be_v the_o supplement_n of_o ordinary_a action_n or_o execution_n competent_a by_o law_n for_o there_o be_v no_o party_n to_o represent_v the_o defunct_a debtor_n there_o can_v be_v no_o decreet_a but_o cognitionis_fw-la causa_fw-la and_o adjudication_n follow_v thereupon_o in_o which_o the_o fisk_n or_o donatar_n be_v to_o be_v call_v passive_a as_o the_o party_n have_v interest_n to_o see_v that_o the_o debt_n be_v due_a which_o will_v affect_v the_o defunct_n caduciarie_n heritage_n to_o the_o detrement_n of_o the_o fisk_n or_o donatar_n so_o then_o vltimus_fw-la haeres_fw-la and_o bastardrie_n be_v of_o the_o like_a nature_n which_o be_v caduciarie_n confiscation_n fall_v to_o the_o fisk_n because_o no_o other_o can_v have_v right_a there_o may_v be_v this_o difference_n betwixt_o they_o that_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o last_o heir_n creditor_n for_o their_o satisfaction_n may_v confirm_v the_o defunct_n movable_n and_o so_o recover_v the_o same_o for_o their_o own_o satisfaction_n in_o which_o case_n they_o will_v be_v liable_a as_o other_o executor_n to_o the_o remanent_fw-la creditor_n of_o the_o defunct_a and_o to_o the_o fisk_n or_o donatar_n for_o the_o superplus_n as_o in_o the_o place_n of_o near_a of_o kin_n &_o to_o the_o relict_n also_o for_o her_o part_n but_o this_o be_v only_o for_o obtain_v their_o own_o satisfaction_n and_o for_o shun_v a_o more_o extraordinary_a way_n by_o adjudication_n which_o also_o they_o may_v use_v at_o their_o option_n they_o ought_v not_o in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o fisk_n to_o have_v the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o defunct_n part_n as_o other_o executor_n but_o in_o the_o case_n of_o bastardy_n confirmation_n of_o executor_n be_v not_o competent_a because_o the_o bastard_n be_v exclude_v from_o the_o power_n of_o make_v testament_n can_v have_v no_o executor_n concern_v last_a heir_n the_o great_a doubt_n be_v who_o they_o be_v and_o in_o what_o case_n they_o take_v place_n as_o to_o the_o first_o craig_n lib._n 2._o dieg._n 17._o be_v not_o positive_a whether_o superior_n be_v last_v heir_n of_o the_o defunct_a in_o the_o fies_z hold_v of_o they_o or_o if_o the_o king_n be_v the_o last_o heir_n for_o all_o and_o according_a to_o the_o ancient_a feudal_n custom_n there_o be_v no_o doubt_n the_o feus_n return_n to_o the_o several_a superior_n for_o thereby_o none_o can_v succeed_v without_o express_a provision_n in_o the_o contrary_a but_o the_o lawful_a issue_n of_o the_o descendent_a of_o the_o first_o vassal_n who_o person_n and_o race_n be_v peculiar_o choose_v and_o confide_v in_o by_o the_o superior_a but_o now_o fies_z not_o be_v gratuitous_a as_o at_o first_o but_o for_o onerous_a cause_n beside_o the_o reddendo_fw-la &_o service_n and_o ordinary_o grant_v to_o the_o vassal_n and_o his_o heir_n whatsoever_o which_o failze_v the_o king_n by_o his_o prerogative_n royal_a exclude_v all_o other_o superior_n who_o be_v presume_v to_o retain_v no_o right_n nor_o expectation_n of_o succession_n unless_o by_o express_a provision_n of_o the_o investiture_n the_o fies_z be_v provide_v to_o heir_n male_a or_o of_o tailzie_n which_o failze_v to_o return_v to_o the_o superior_a in_o which_o he_o be_v proper_a heir_n of_o provision_n as_o to_o the_o other_o doubt_v in_o what_o case_n the_o king_n be_v last_o heir_n craig_n in_o the_o forename_a place_n relate_v that_o some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o if_o the_o defunct_a have_v no_o heir_n within_o the_o seven_o degree_n the_o king_n take_v place_n as_o last_o heir_n and_o that_o other_o think_v it_o to_o hold_v in_o collateral_a succession_n but_o his_o own_o opinion_n be_v in_o the_o contrary_a that_o any_o heir_n of_o what_o degree_n soever_o have_v right_o which_o suit_v with_o the_o ground_n now_o lay_v that_o the_o king_n have_v right_a as_o last_o heir_n to_o the_o heritage_n become_v caduciarie_n because_o no_o other_o party_n can_v be_v instruct_v lawful_a heir_n so_o he_o report_v it_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o marr_n who_o be_v serve_v heir_n to_o lady_n elizabeth_n dowglas_n countess_n of_o marr_n beyond_o the_o ten_o degree_n and_o that_o the_o lord_n seatoun_n that_o he_o may_v have_v a_o title_n to_o the_o redemption_n of_o the_o land_n of_o longnidrie_n against_o forester_n serve_v himself_o heir_n to_o the_o grant_a of_o the_o wodsett_n beyond_o the_o seven_o degree_n whereof_o several_a degree_n be_v collateral_a and_o the_o french_a king_n henry_n the_o four_o succeed_v to_o henry_n the_o 3._o though_o not_o within_o the_o 15._o degree_n the_o gift_n or_o right_a of_o vltimus_fw-la haeres_fw-la have_v no_o effect_n till_o decreet_a of_o declarator_n be_v obtain_v thereupon_o in_o the_o same_o way_n as_o in_o bastardy_n july_n 20._o 1662._o laird_n of_o balnagoun_n contra_fw-la dingwal_n july_n 31._o 1666._o thomas_n crawford_n contra_fw-la town_n of_o edinburgh_n title_n xxvi_o succession_n 1._o whether_o in_o equity_n there_o be_v a_o rule_n in_o succession_n 2._o that_o rule_n be_v the_o express_a will_n or_o presume_a will_n of_o the_o defunct_a 3._o the_o first_o degree_n of_o succession_n by_o the_o presume_a will_n of_o defunct_n 4._o whether_o in_o equity_n there_o be_v right_a of_o representation_n 5._o fail_v descendants_n ascendant_n succeed_v in_o equity_n 6._o fail_v both_o brother_n and_o sister_n succeed_v 7._o fail_v these_o the_o near_a agnat_n succeed_v 8._o the_o succession_n of_o cognat_n 9_o the_o jewish_a succession_n whereby_o all_o the_o son_n succeed_v and_o exclude_v the_o daughter_n and_o the_o elder_a son_n have_v a_o double_a portion_n 10._o father_n can_v not_o prejudge_v the_o primogenitur_fw-la of_o their_o elder_a son_n 11._o by_o the_o jewish_a succession_n fail_v descendants_n the_o inheritance_n pass_v to_o brethren_n and_o these_o fail_v to_o father_n brethren_n and_o fail_v these_o to_o the_o near_a kinsman_n 12._o whether_o in_o the_o jewish_a succession_n there_o be_v right_a of_o representation_n 13._o why_o no_o female_n but_o daughter_n succeed_v among_o the_o jew_n 14._o why_o parent_n succeed_v not_o among_o the_o jew_n 15._o succession_n among_o the_o roman_n be_v first_o by_o testament_n 16._o if_o there_o be_v no_o heir_n institute_v by_o testament_n the_o ancient_a roman_a law_n call_v all_o the_o child_n of_o the_o family_n unforisfamiliat_v male_a &_o female_a not_o except_v adopt_a child_n to_o succeed_v 17._o these_o fail_v the_o near_a agnat_n but_o no_o parent_n thereby_o succeed_v 18._o the_o roman_n succession_n be_v the_o praetorian_a law_n 19_o their_o succession_n by_o justinians_n novel_a constitution_n 20._o in_o feudal_n succession_n the_o first_o rule_n be_v the_o express_a will_n of_o the_o party_n by_o the_o investitur_fw-la 21._o the_o nixt_a rule_n be_v the_o conjecture_v will_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o fee_n 22._o primogeniture_n now_o establish_v by_o common_a custom_n in_o feudal_n right_n 23._o succession_n in_o scotland_n be_v whole_o different_a in_o moveable_n and_o immovables_n 24._o the_o several_a degree_n of_o succession_n in_o moveable_n 25._o succession_n in_o heritable_a right_n 26._o the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o two_o succession_n 27._o the_o privilege_n of_o heir_n not_o to_o be_v prejudge_v by_o their_o predecessor_n deed_n on_o deathbed_n 28._o what_o be_v estimate_n deathbed_n 29._o against_o what_o right_n deathbed_n be_v extend_v 30._o deathbed_n annul_v no_o deed_n for_o cause_n onerous_a 31._o disposition_n in_o testament_n be_v as_o on_o deathbed_n 32._o annus_fw-la deliberandi_fw-la 33._o kind_n if_o heir_n in_o scotland_n 34._o no_o place_n for_o adopt_a or_o cognat_n in_o succession_n with_o we_o 35._o parent_n succeed_v to_o their_o child_n &_o exclude_v the_o parent_n collateral_n or_o these_o represent_v the_o colaterals_n succession_n to_o defunct_n be_v the_o most_o important_a title_n in_o law_n for_o thereby_o the_o right_n of_o all_o
rutherfoord_n this_o presumption_n do_v withstand_v a_o far_o strange_a opposite_a probation_n of_o health_n when_o the_o defunct_a go_v not_o abroad_o as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o say_a ease_n robertson_n contra_fw-la fleeming_n that_o it_o be_v not_o relevant_a to_o eleid_v deathbed_n that_o the_o defunct_a be_v in_o strength_n and_o ability_n to_o have_v come_v to_o kirk_n and_o marcat_fw-la nor_o that_o the_o defunct_a put_v on_o his_o clothes_n daily_o and_o that_o any_o disease_n he_o have_v be_v but_o lent_n and_o not_o impedimentum_fw-la rebus_fw-la agendis_fw-la as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o say_a case_n schaw_n contra_fw-la grace_n neither_o that_o the_o defunct_a live_v a_o year_n and_o a_o half_a after_o the_o deed_n in_o question_n and_o be_v only_o hinder_v to_o come_v abroad_o by_o a_o palsy_n which_o trouble_v his_o walk_n and_o make_v he_o not_o come_v abroad_o albeit_o he_o do_v all_o his_o affair_n within_o door_n as_o former_o july_n 1._o 1637._o cranston_n riddell_n contra_fw-la richardson_n and_o albeit_o there_o be_v remember_v a_o case_n of_o a_o disposition_n make_v be_v david_n graham_n merchant_n in_o edinburgh_n for_o a_o pious_a use_n to_o the_o 〈◊〉_d that_o his_o have_v on_o his_o cloth_n the_o contrive_v and_o write_v the_o whole_a disposition_n himself_o be_v sufficient_a to_o eleid_v deathbed_n and_o to_o instruct_v health_n yet_o the_o circumstance_n of_o that_o case_n be_v not_o full_o know_v not_o be_v observe_v by_o any_o of_o the_o lord_n and_o the_o decision_n have_v ever_o be_v decry_v since_o but_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o creditor_n of_o the_o lord_n balmerino_n against_o the_o lady_n couper_n for_o reduce_v of_o the_o disposition_n of_o his_o estate_n to_o she_o which_o be_v decide_v june_n 25._o 1671._o it_o be_v not_o find_v relevant_a to_o instruct_v liege_n poustie_a that_o after_o the_o disposition_n my_o lord_n make_v bargain_n and_o count_n seem_v to_o be_v merry_a and_o laugh_v keep_v on_o his_o clothes_n keep_v the_o table_n come_v from_o his_o chamber_n to_o the_o hall_n whisle_v to_o himself_o and_o dance_v albeit_o no_o particular_a disease_n but_o only_a sickness_n be_v prove_v and_o in_o the_o foresay_a case_n clelland_n contra_fw-la clelland_n health_n be_v not_o find_v prove_v albeit_o soundness_n of_o judgement_n and_o memory_n be_v prove_v and_o that_o the_o defunct_a do_v not_o only_o all_o his_o own_o affair_n but_o try_v for_o other_o and_o that_o he_o live_v two_o year_n and_o a_o half_a after_o the_o disposition_n and_o be_v in_o like_a condition_n as_o he_o have_v be_v seven_o year_n before_o so_o that_o it_o seem_v that_o if_o the_o contract_n of_o sickness_n be_v prove_v no_o contrary_a probation_n of_o any_o act_n within_o door_n will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o eleid_v the_o reason_n of_o deathbed_n by_o all_o with_o decision_n the_o second_o point_n propose_v be_v sufficient_o clear_v as_o to_o the_o three_o point_v propose_v whether_o sickness_n be_v prove_v once_o contract_v the_o countenance_n thereof_o till_o death_n must_v be_v prove_v it_o be_v common_o hold_v that_o if_o it_o be_v prove_v sickness_n be_v contract_v and_o that_o death_n follow_v probatis_fw-la extremis_fw-la presumuntur_fw-la media_fw-la and_o sickness_n once_o be_v prove_v be_v presume_v to_o continue_v otherways_o it_o be_v scarce_o possible_a by_o a_o positive_a probation_n to_o instruct_v the_o continuance_n of_o the_o sickness_n till_o death_n and_o this_o be_v only_o presumptio_fw-la juris_fw-la lay_v the_o burden_n of_o probation_n upon_o the_o party_n that_o allege_v convalescence_n the_o four_o point_n for_o prove_v liege_n poustie_a either_o that_o there_o be_v no_o disease_n or_o by_o convalescence_n if_o there_o have_v be_v a_o disease_n by_o go_v free_o to_o kirk_n and_o mercat_n unsupported_a be_v the_o ordinar_n and_o unquestionable_a defence_n against_o deathbed_n upon_o which_o law_n and_o custom_n have_v pitch_v as_o the_o most_o public_a and_o sure_a evidence_n of_o health_n andconvalescence_n so_o that_o albeit_o the_o go_v to_o kirk_n and_o mercat_n be_v but_o of_o design_n to_o validat_n thedeed_o yet_o if_o the_o attempt_n be_v perfect_o make_v out_o it_o will_v be_v sufficient_a and_o much_o more_o will_v be_v allow_v when_o the_o go_v abroad_o be_v principal_o to_o hear_v sermon_n or_o for_o devotion_n or_o about_o affair_n to_o the_o mercat_n in_o which_o case_n take_v the_o party_n by_o the_o hand_n or_o help_v he_o at_o a_o ragged_a ground_n will_v not_o infer_v supportation_n there_o be_v no_o design_n of_o cautiousness_n in_o the_o party_n but_o use_v his_o ordinar_n way_n as_o if_o a_o gentlewoman_n accustom_v to_o by_o lead_v be_v the_o hand_n shall_v go_v so_o lead_v to_o the_o kirk_n or_o mercat_n by_o reiterated_a act_n it_o may_v be_v sufficient_a for_o infer_v health_n or_o convalescence_n but_o if_o it_o do_v appear_v to_o be_v upon_o design_n she_o behove_v to_o forbear_v the_o prerogative_n of_o herquality_n and_o go_v free_o alone_a without_o be_v lead_v or_o if_o a_o old_a man_n infirm_a by_o age_n or_o any_o defect_n in_o his_o leg_n or_o foot_n not_o arise_v from_o inward_a sickness_n shall_v be_v help_v in_o difficult_a place_n in_o reiterated_a act_n in_o go_v to_o kirk_n and_o mercat_n without_o design_n and_o as_o to_o that_o qualification_n whether_o it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o go_v the_o kirk_n or_o mercat_n place_n or_o at_o the_o congregation_n orgather_v at_o the_o mercat_n i_o have_v not_o observe_v it_o particular_o debate_v or_o decide_v but_o that_o party_n when_o they_o go_v to_o the_o kirk_n ordinary_o go_v to_o the_o prayer_n and_o certain_o it_o be_v the_o most_o secure_a way_n that_o the_o go_v be_v to_o the_o congregation_n or_o meet_v at_o the_o mercat_n otherways_o pick_v out_o witness_n may_v be_v choose_v to_o wait_v upon_o the_o party_n to_o the_o kirk_n or_o mercat-place_n which_o in_o many_o case_n will_v be_v very_o private_a and_o will_v not_o expose_v the_o party_n to_o public_a view_n the_o five_o point_n concern_v supportation_n be_v the_o ordinary_a reply_n against_o go_v abroad_o and_o as_o have_v be_v say_v it_o be_v ever_o to_o be_v consider_v whether_o the_o act_n appear_v to_o be_v of_o design_n or_o not_o and_o that_o if_o the_o act_n be_v reiterate_v and_o of_o course_n nothing_o that_o be_v ordinar_n for_o the_o defunct_a in_o take_v of_o help_n when_o he_o be_v in_o unquestionable_a health_n will_v import_v supportation_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o case_n pargilleis_n contra_fw-la pargilleis_n decide_v febr._n 26._o 1669._o it_o have_v be_v prove_v that_o the_o defunct_a be_v a_o very_a old_a man_n and_o that_o after_o the_o disposition_n quarrel_v he_o have_v several_a time_n come_v to_o calder_n and_o do_v affair_n there_o and_o that_o he_o go_v up_o from_o the_o merca-place_n in_o the_o mercat_n time_n to_o the_o place_n of_o calder_n be_v a_o steep_a way_n borrow_a money_n from_o the_o lord_n torphichen_n tell_v and_o receive_v the_o same_o which_o be_v find_v sufficient_a albeit_o he_o be_v help_v up_o stair_n and_o down_o stair_n and_o be_v help_v to_o his_o horse_n and_o from_o his_o horse_n and_o his_o man_n lead_v his_o bridle_n and_o that_o he_o have_v a_o staff_n in_o his_o hand_n but_o when_o the_o go_n to_o kirk_n and_o mercat_n be_v upon_o design_n the_o least_o defect_n in_o the_o exact_a performance_n will_v render_v it_o inefectuall_a and_o so_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o disposition_n make_v by_o the_o lord_n couper_n it_o have_v be_v evident_a that_o it_o be_v of_o design_n to_o validat_n the_o disposition_n that_o the_o next_o day_n after_o the_o disposition_n my_o lord_n go_v to_o the_o mercat_n at_o couper_n the_o lay_v hishand_o upon_o thomas_n ogilbies_n hand_n who_o walk_v by_o he_o and_o that_o only_a at_o someime_n and_o in_o ragged_a place_n where_o he_o be_v accustom_v to_o take_v any_o walk_n by_o he_o by_o the_o hand_n before_o yet_o see_v he_o put_v nature_n to_o the_o outmost_a reach_n to_o manifest_a health_n by_o that_o act_n and_o can_v not_o full_o perform_v it_o it_o be_v not_o find_v sufficient_a but_o he_o be_v find_v to_o be_v support_v and_o in_o the_o case_n clellands_n contra_fw-la clelland_n of_o faskin_n the_o defunct_a find_n that_o his_o disposition_n be_v quarrelld_v and_o stop_v at_o the_o exchequer_n as_o be_v do_v in_o lecto_fw-la immediate_o after_o he_o cause_v make_v a_o chair_n with_o a_o fix_a 〈◊〉_d to_o bear_v his_o foot_n in_o which_o he_o be_v carry_v with_o man_n till_o he_o come_v within_o two_o pair_n or_o thereby_o to_o the_o kirk_n and_o thence_o he_o walk_v to_o the_o kirk_n but_o there_o be_v no_o congregation_n and_o return_v back_o to_o the_o chair_n and_o so_o be_v carry_v home_o and_o the_o witness_n that_o be_v about_o he_o be_v examine_v whether_o he_o walk_v free_o or_o with_o