Sir Thomas Freake Sir Peter Fretchuile Sir William Flâ—â—twood Sir Henry Fane Company of Fishmongers Iohn Fletcher Iohn Farmer Martin Freâ—man Esquire Ralph Freeman William and Ralph Frâ—â—man Michael Fetiplace VVilliam Fettiplace Thomas Forrest Edward Flâ—etwood Esquire William Fâ—lgate William Field Nicholâ—s Fâ—rrar Iohn Farrar Giles Francis Edward Fawcet Richard Farrington Iohn Francklin Richard Frith Iohn Ferne. George Farmer Thomas Francis Iohn Fenner Nicholas Fuller Esquire Thomas Fâ—xall William Flâ—et Peter Franck Esquire Richard Fishborne VVilliam Faldoe Iohn Fletcher and Company VVilliam Ferrars G Lady Elizabeth Gray Sir Iohn Gray Sir VVilliam Godolfine Sir Thomas Gates Sir VVilliam Gee Sir Riâ—hard Grobham Sir VVilliam Garaway Sir Francis Goodwin Sir George Goring Sir Thomas Grantham Company of Grocers Company of Goldsmiths Company of Girdlers Iohn Geering Iohn Gardiner Richard Gardiner Iohn Gilbert Thomas Graue Iohn Gray Nicholas Griece Richard Goddard Thomas Gipps Peter Gates Thomas Gibbs Esquire Laurence Greene. William Greenwell Robert Garset Robert Gore Thomas Gouge Francis Glanuile Esquire G Henry Earle of Huntington Lord Theophilus Haward L. Walden Sir Iohn Harrington L. Harington Sir Iohn Hollis now Lord Hautein Sir Thomas Holecroft Sir William Harris Sir Thomas Harefleet Sir George Haiward Sir VVarwicke Heale Sir Baptist Hicks Sir Iohn Hanham Sir Thomas Horwell Sir Thomas Hewit Sir VVilliam Herrick Sir Eustace Hart. Sir Pory Huntley Sir Arthur Harris Sir Edward Heron. Sir Perseuall Hart. Sir Ferdinando Heiborne Sir Lawrence Hide Master Hugh Hamersley Alderman Master Richard Heron Alderman Richard Humble Esquire Master Richard Hackleuit Edward Harrison George Holeman Robert Hill Griffin Hinton Iohn Hawkins VVilliam Hancocke Iohn Harper George Hawger Iohn Holt. Iohn Huntley Ieremy Heiden Ralph Hamer Ralph Hamer Iunior Iohn Hodgeson Iohn Hanford Thomas Harris Richard Howell Thomas Henshaw Leonard Harwood Tristram Hill Francis Haselridge Tobias Hinson Peter Heightley George Hawkenson Thomas Hackshaw Charles Hawkens Iohn Hodgis William Holland Robert Hartley Gregory Herst Thomas Hodgis William Hodgis Roger Harris Iohn Harris M. Iohn Haiward Iames Haiward Nicholas Hide Esquire Iohn Hare Esquire William Hackwell Esquire Gressam Hoogan Humfrey Hanford William Haselden Nicholas Hooker Doctor Anthony Hunten Iohn Hodsale George Hooker Anthony Hinton Iohn Hogsell Thomas Hampton William Hicks William Holiland Ralph Harison Harman Harison I Sir Thomas Iermyn Sir Robert Iohnson Sir Arthur Ingram Sir Francis Iones Company of Ironmongers Company of Inholders Company of Imbroyderers Bailiffes of Ipswich Henry Iackson Richard Ironside M. Robert Iohnson Alderman Thomas Iones William Iobson Thomas Iohnson Thomas Iadwine Iohn Iosua George Isam Philip Iacobson Peter Iacobson Thomas Iuxson Senior Iames Iewell Gabriel Iaques Walter Iobson Edward Iames. Zachary Iones Esquire Anthony Irbye Esquire William I-anson Humfrey Iobson K Sir Valentine Knightley Sir Robert Killegrew Sir Charles Kelke Sir Iohn Kaile Richard Kirrill Iohn Kirrill Raph King Henry Kent Towne of Kingslynne Iohn Kettleby Esquire Walter Kirkham Esquire L Henry Earle of Lincolne Robert L. Lisle now Earle of Leicester Thomas Lord Laware Sir Francis Leigh Sir Richard Lowlace Sir William Litton Sir Iohn Lewson Sir William Lower Sir Samuel Leonard Sir Samson Leonard Company of Lethersellers Thomas Laughton William Lewson Peter Latham Peter Van Lore Henry Leigh Thomas Leuar Christofer Landman Morris Lewellin Edward Lewis Edward Lewkin Peter Lodge Thomas Layer Thomas Lawson Francis Lodge Iohn Langlâ—y Dauid Loide Iohn Leuitâ— Thomas Fox and Luke Lodge Captaine Richard Linley Arnold Lulls William Lawrence Iâ—hn Landman Nicholas Lichfield Nicholas Leate Gedâ—on de Laune M Philâ—p Earle of Montgomerie Doctor George Mountaine now Lord Bishop of Lincolne William Lord Mounteagle now Lord Morley Sir Thomas Mansell Sir Thomas Mildmay Sir William Maynard Sir Humfrey May. Sir Peter Manhood Sir Iohn Merrick Sir George More Sir Robert Mansell Sir Arthur Mannering Sir Dauid Murrey Sir Edward Michelborn Sir Thomas Middleton Sir Robert Miller Sir Caualiero Maicott Doctor Iames Meddas Richard Martin Esquire Company of Mercers Company of Merchant Taylors Otho Mowdite Captaine Iohn Martin Arthur Mouse Adrian More Thomas Mountford Thomas Morris Ralph Moorton Francis Mapes Richard Maplesden Iames Monger Peter Monsell Robert Middleton Thomas Maile Iohn Martin Iosias Maude Richard Morton George Mason Thomas Maddock Richard Moore Nicholas Moone Alfonsus van Medkerk Captaine Henry Meoles Philip Mutes Thomas Mayall Humfrey Marret Iaruis Munaz Robert Mildmay William Millet Richard Morer Iohn Miller Thomas Martin Iohn Middleton Francis Middleton N Dudly Lord North. Francis Lord Norris Sir Henry Neuill of Barkshire Thomas Nicols Christopher Nicols VVilliam Nicols George Newce Ioseph Newberow Christopher Newgate Thomas Norincott Ionathan Nuttall Thomas Norton O William Oxenbridge Esquire Robert Ossley Francis Oliuer P VVilliam Earle of Pembroke VVilliam Lord Paget Iohn Lord Petre. George Percy Esquire Sir Christofer Parkins Sir Amias Preston Sir Nicholas Parker Sir VVilliam Poole Sir Stephen Powell Sir Henry Peyton Sir Iames Perrot Sir Iohn Pettus Sir Robert Payne VVilliam Payne Iohn Payne Edward Parkins Edward Parkins his widow Aden Perkins Thomas Perkin Richard Partridge William Palmer Miles Palmer Robert Parkhurst Richard Perciuall Esquire Richard Poyntell George Pretty George Pit Allen Percy Abraham Peirce Edmund Peirce Phenice Pet. Thomas Philips Henry Philpot. Master George Procter Robert Penington Peter Peate Iohn Prat. William Powell Edmund Peashall Captaine William Proude Henry Price Nicholas Pewriffe Thomas Pelham Richard Piggot Iohn Pawlet Esquire Robert Pory Richard Paulson Q William Quicke R Sir Robert Rich now Earle of Warwicke Sir Thomas Row Sir Henry Rainsford Sir William Romney Sir Iohn Ratcliffe Sir Steuen Ridlesdon Sir William Russell Master Edward Rotheram Alderman Robert Rich. Tedder Roberts Henry Robinson Iohn Russell Richard Rogers Arthur Robinson Robert Robinson Millicent Ramsden Iohn Robinson George Robins Nichalas Rainton Henry Rolffe Iohn Reignolds Elias Roberts Henry Reignolds Esquire William Roscarrocke Esquire Humfrey Raymell Richard Robins S Henry Earle of Southampton Thomas Earle of Suffolke Edward Semer Earle of Hartford Robert Earle of Salisbury Mary Countesse of Shrewâ—bury Edmund Lord Sheffeld Robert Lord Spencer Iohn Lord Stanhope Sir Iohn Saint-Iohn Sir Thomas Smith Sir Iohn Samms Sir Iohn Smith Sir Edwin Sandys Sir Samuel Sandys Sir Steuen Some Sir Raph Shelton Sir Thomas Stewkley Sir William Saint-Iohn Sir William Smith Sir Richard Smith Sir Martin Sinteuill Sir Nicolas Salter Doctor Matthew Sutcliffe of Exeter Captaine Iohn Smith Thomas Sandys Esquire Henry Sandys Esquire George Sandys Esquire Company of Skinners Company of Salters Company of Stationers Iohn Stokley Richard Staper Robert Singleton Thomas Shipton Cleophas Smith Richard Strongtharâ— Hildebrand Spruson Matthew Scriuener Othowell Smith George Scot. Hewet Staperâ— Iames Swift Richard Stratford Edmund Smith Robert Smith Matthias Springham Richard Smith Edward Smith Ionathan Smith Humfrey Smith Iohn Smith George Swinhow Ioseph Some William Sheckley Iohn Southick Henry Shelley Walter Shelley Richard Snarsborow George Stone Hugh Shepley William Strachey Vrion Spencer Iohn Scarpe Thomas Scott William Sharpe Steuen Sparrow Thomas Stokes Richard Shepard Henry Spranger William Stonnard
Steuen Sad. Iohn Stockley Thomas Steuens Matthew Shepard Thomas Sherwell William Seabright Esquire Nicholas Sherwell Augustine Steward Thomas Stile Abraham Speckhard Edmund Scot. Francis Smalman Gregory Sprint Esquire Thomas Stacey William Sandbatch Augustine Stuard Esquire T Sir William Twisden Sir William Throckmorton Sir Nicholas Tufton Sir Iohn Treuer Sir Thomas Tracy George Thorpe Esquire Doctor William Turner The Trinity house Richard Turner Iohn Tauerner Daniel Tucker Charles Towler William Tayler Leonard Townson Richard Tomlins Francis Tate Esquire Andrew Troughton George Tucker Henry Timberlake William Tucker Lewis Tite Robert Thornton V Sir Horatio Vere Sir Walter Vaughan Henry Vincent Richard Venne Christopher Vertue Iohn Vassell Arthur Venne W Henry Bishop of VVorcester Francis West Esquire Sir Ralph Winwood Sir Iohn Wentworth Sir William Waad Sir Robert Wroth. Sir Perciual Willoby Sir Charles Wilmott Sir Iohn Wats Sir Hugh Worrell Sir Edward Waterhouse Sir Thomas Wilsford Sir Richard Williamson Sir Iohn Wolstenholm Sir Thomas Walsingham Sir Thomas Watson Sir Thomas Wilson Sir Iohn Weld Mistris Kath. West now Lady Conway Iohn Wroth Esquire Captaine Maria Winckfield Esquire Thomas Webb Rice Webb Edward Webb Sands Webb Felix Wilson Thomas White Richard Wiffen William Williamson Humfrey Westwood Hugh Willeston Thomas Wheatley William Wattey William Webster Iames White Edmund Winne Iohn West Iohn Wright Edward Wooller Thomas Walker Iohn Wooller Iohn Westrow Edward Welch Nathaniel Waad Richard Widowes Dauid Waterhouse Esquire Captaine Owen Winne Randall Wetwood George Wilmer Esquire Edward Wilkes Leonard White Andrew Willmer Clement Willmer George Walker William Welbie Francis Whistler Thomas Wells Captaine Thomas Winne Iohn Whittingham Thomas Wheeler William Willet Deuereux Woogam Iohn Walker Thomas Wood. Iohn Willet Nicholas Wheeler Thomas Wale William Wilston Iohn Waller William Ward William Willeston Iohn Water Thomas Warr Esquire Dauid Wiffen Garret Weston Y Sir George Yeardley now Gouernour of Virginia William Yong. Simon Yeomans Z Edward Lord Zouch Iohn Zouch Esquire THat most generous and most honourable Lord the Earle of South-hampton being pleased to take vpon him the title of Treasurer and Master Iohn Farrar his Deputy with such instructions as were necessary and admonitions to all Officers to take heede of extortion ingrosing commodities forestalling of markets especially to haue a vigilant care the familiarity of the Saluages liuing amongst them made them not way to betray or surprize them for the building of Guest-houses to relieue the weake in and that they did wonder in all this time they had made no discoueries nor knew no more then the very place whereon they did inhabit nor yet could euer see any returne for all this continuall charge and trouble therefore they sent to be added to the Councell seuen Gentlemen namely Mr. Thorp Captaine Nuce Mr. Tracy Captaine Middleton Captaine Blount Mr. Iohn Pountas and Mr. Harwood with men munition and all things thought fitting but they write from Virginia many of the Ships were so pestred with diseased people thronged together in their passage there was much sicknesse and a great mortality wherfore they desired rather a few able sufficient men well prouided then great multitudes and because there were few accidents of note but priuate aduertisements by letters we will conclude this yeere and proceed to the next Collected out of the Councels letters for Virginia The instructions and aduertisements for this yeere were both from England and Virginia much like the last only whereas before they had euer a suspicion of Opechankanough and all the rest of the Saluages they had an eye ouer him more then any but now they all write so confidently of their assured peace with the Saluages there is now no more feare nor danger either of their power or trechery so that euery man planteth himselfe where he pleaseth and followeth his businesse securely But the time of Sir George Yearley being neere expired the Councel here made choise of a worthy young Gentleman Sir Francis Wyat to succeed him whom they forth with furnished and prouided as they had done his Predecessors with all the necessary instructions all these times had acquainted them for the conuersion of the Saluages the suppressing of planting Tobacco and planting of Corne not depending continually to be supplied by the Saluages but in case of necessity to trade with them whom long ere this it hath beene promised and expected should haue beene fed and relieued by the English not the English by them and carefully to redresse all the complaints of the needlesse mortality of their people and by all diligence seeke to send something home to satisfie the Aduenturers that all this time had only liued vpon hopes grew so weary and discouraged that it must now be substance that must maintaine their proceedings not letters excuses and promises seeing they could get so much and such great estates for themselues as to spend after the rate of 100. pounds 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10. nay some 2000. or 3000. pounds yearely that were not worth so many pence when they went to Virginia can scarce containe themselues either in diet apparell gaming and all manner of such superfluity within a lesse compasse than our curious costly and consuming Gallants here in England which cannot possibly be there supported but either by oppressing the Comminalty there or deceiuing the generality here or both Extracted out of the Councels Letters for Virginia From Virginia by the relations of the Chieftains there many I haue conferred with that came from thence hither I haue much admired to heare of the incredible pleasure profit and plenty this Plantation doth abound in and yet could neuer heare of any returne but Tobacco but it hath oft amazed me to vnderstand how strangely the Saluages hath beene taught the vse of our armes and imploied in hunting and fowling with our fowling peeces and our men rooting in the ground about Tobacco like Swine besides that the Saluages that doe little but continually exercise their bow and arrowes should dwell and lie so familiarly amongst our men that practised little but the Spade being so farre asunder and in such small parties dispersed and neither Fort exercise of armes vsed Ordnances mounted Courts of guard nor any preparation nor prouision to preuent a forraine enemy much more the Saluages howsoeuer for the Saluages vncertaine conformity I doe not wonder but for their constancy and conuersion I am and euer haue beene of the opinion of Master Ionas Stockam a Minister in Virginia who euen at this time when all things were so prosperous and the Saluages at the point of conuersion against all their Gouernours and Councels opinions writ to the Councell and Company in England to this effect May 28. WE that haue left our natiue country to soiourne in a strange land some idle spectators who either cowardly dare not or couetously will not aduenture either their purses or persons in so commendable a worke others supporting Atlas of this ilmost vnsupportable
euer he came he would signifie by so many fires he came with so many boats that we might know his strength Their Boats are but one great tree which is but burnt in the forme of a trough with gins and fire till it be as they would haue it For an armour he would haue ingaged vs a bagge of pearle but we refused as not regarding it that wee might the better learn where it grew He was very iust of his promise for oft we trusted him and he would come within his day to keepe his word He sent vs commonly euery day a brace of Bucks Conies Hares and fish sometimes Mellons Walnuts Cucumbers Pease and diuers rootes This Author sayth their corne groweth three times in fiue moneths in May they sow in Iuly reape in Iune they sow in August reape in Iuly sow in August reape We put some of our Pease in the ground which in ten dayes were 14. ynches high The soyle is most plentifull sweete wholesome and fruitfull of all oâ—her there are about 14. seuerall sorts of sweete smelling tymber trees the most parts of the vnderwood Bayes and such like such Okes as we but far greater and better After this acquaintance my selfe with seauen more went twenty myle into the Riuer Occam that runneth toward the Cittie Skicoack and the euening following we came to an I le called Roanoak from the harbour where we entred 7. leagues at the North end was 9. houses builded with Cedar fortified round with sharpe trees and the entrance like a Turnpik When we came towards it the wife of Granganameo came running out to meete vs her husband was absent commanding her people to draw our Boat ashore for beating on the billowes other she appoynted to carry vs on their backes a land others to bring our Ores into the house for stealing When we came into the other roome for there was fiue in the house she caused vs to sit downe by a great fire after tooke off our clothes and washed them of some our stockings and some our feete in warme water and she her selfe tooke much paines to see all things well ordered and to provide vs victuall After we had thus dryed our selues she brought vs into an Inner roome where she set on the bord standing a long the house somewhat like frumentie sodden venison and rosted fish in like manner mellons raw boyled rootes and fruites of diuers kindes There drinke is commonly water boyled with Ginger sometimes with Saxefras and wholsome herbes but whilest the Crape lasteth they drinke wine More loue she could not expresse to entertaine vs they care but onely to defend themselues from the short winter and feede on what they finde naturall in sommer In this feaâ—ting house was their Idoll of whom they â—ould vs vncredible things When we were at meate two or three of her men came amongst vs with their Bowes and Arrowes which caused vs to take our armes in hand She perceiuing our distrust caused their Bowes and Arrowes to be broken and they beâ—ten out of the gate but the euening approaching we returned to our boate where at she much grieuing brought our supper halfe boyled pots and all but when she saw vs but put our boat a little off from the shoar and lye at Anchor perceiuing our Ielousie she sent diuers men 30. women to sit al night on the shoare side against vs and sent vs fiue Mats to couer vs from the raine doing all she could to perswade vs to her house Though there was no cause of doubt we would not aduenture for on our safety depended the voyage but a more kinde louing people cannot be Beyond this I le is the maine land and the great riuer Occam on which standeth a Towne called Pomeiock and six dayes higher their City Skicoak those people neuer saw it but say there fathers affirme it to be aboue two houres iourney about Into this riuer falleth an other called Cipo where is found many Mustells wherein are Pearles likewise another Riuer called Nomapona on the one side whereof standeth a great towne called Chawanock the Lord of the Country is not subiect to Wingandacoa Beyond him an other king they cal Menatonon These 3. are in league each with other Towards the south 4. dayes iourney is Sequotan the southermost part of Wingandacoa Adioyning to Secotan beginneth the country Pomouik belonging to the King called Piamacum in the Country Nusiok vpon the great riuer Neus These haue mortall warres with Wingina King of Wingandacoa Betwixt Piemacum and the Lord of Secotan a peace was concluded notwithstanding there is a mortall malice in the Secotuns because this Piemacum invited diuers men and 30. women to a feast and when they were altogether merry before their Idoll which is but a meere illusion of the Deuill they sudainly slew all the men of Secotan and kept the women for their vse Beyond Roanoak are many Isles full of fruits and other Naturall increases with many Townes a long the side of the Continent Those Iles lye 200. myles in length and betweene them and the mayne a great long sea in some places 20. 40. or 50. myles broad in other more somewhere lesse And in this sea are 100. Iles of diuers bignesses but to get into it you haue but 3. passages and they very dangerous Though this you see for most part be but the relations of Saluages because it is the first I thought it not a misâ—e to remember them as they are written by them that returned ariued in England about the middest of September the same yeare This discouery was so welcome into England that it pleased her Mâ—iestie to call this Country of Wingandacoa Virginia by which name now you are to vnderstand how it was planted disolued reuned and enlarged The Performers of this voyage were these following Philip Amadas Captaine Arthur Barlow Captaine William Grenuill Iohn Wood. Iames Browewich Henry Greene. Beniamen Wood. Simon Ferdinando Of the Companie Nicholas Peryman Of the Companie Iohn Hewes Of the Companie Sir Richard Grenuills voyage to Virginia for Sir Walter Raleigh â—â—85 THe 9. of Aprill he departed from Plimouth with 7. sayle the chiefe men with him in command were Master Ralph Layne Master Thomas Candish Master Iohn Arundel Master Stukley Master Bremige Master Vincent Master Hâ—ryot and Master Iohn Clarke The 14. day we fell with the Canaries and the 7. of May with Dominico in the West Indies we landed at Portorico after with much a doe at Izabella on the north of Hispaniola passing by many Iles. Vpon the 20. we fell with the mayne of Florida and were put in great danger vpon Cape Fear The 26. we Anchored at Wocokon where the admiral had like to beene cast away presently we sent to Wingina to Roanoak and Master Arundell went to the mayne with Manteo a saluage and that day to Crooâ—on The 11. The Generall victualed for 8. dayes with a selected company went to the
did faile him that should haue giuen fire to that mercilesse Pistoll So not finding that course to be the best they ioyned together to vsurpe the government thereby to escape their punishment The President had notice of their proiects the which to withstand though his old souldiers importuned him but permit them to take their heads that would resist his command yet he would not suffer them but sent for the Masters of the ships and tooke order with them for his returne for England Seeing there was neither Chirurgian nor Chirurgery in the Fort to curâ— his hurt and the ships to depart the next day his Commission to be suppressed he knew not why himselfe and souldiers to be rewarded he knew not how and a new commission granted they knew not to whom the which disabled that authority he had as made them presume so oft to those mutinies as they did besides so grievous were his wounds and so cruell his torments few expecting he could liue nor was hee able to follow his busines to regaine what they had lost suppresse those factions and range the countries for provision as he intended and well he knew in those affaires his owne actions and presence was as requisit as his directions which now could not be he went presently abroad resoluing there to appoint them governours and to take order for the mutiners but he could finde none hee thought fit for it would accept it In the meane time seeing him gone they perswaded Master Percy to stay who was then to goe for England and be their President Within lesse then an houre was this mutation begun and concluded For when the Company vnderstood Smith would leaue them saw the rest in Armes called Presidents Councellors divers began to fawne on those new commanders that now bent all their wits to get him resigne them his Commission who after much adoe and many bitter repulses that their confusion which he â—ould them was at their elbowes should not be attributed to him for leauing the Colony without a Commission he was not vnwilling they should steale it but never would he giue it to such as they And thus Strange violent forces drew vs on vnwilling Reason perswading 'gainst our loues rebelling We saw and knew the better ah curse accurst That notwithstanding we imbrace the worst But had that vnhappie blast not hapned he would quickly haue qualified the heate of those humors and factions had the ships but once left them and vs to our fortunes and haue made that provision from among the Salvages as we neither feared Spanyard Salvage nor famine nor would haue left Virginia nor our lawfull authoritie but at as deare a price as we had bought it and payd for it What shall I say but thus we left him that in all his proceedings made Iustice his first guide and experience his second even hating basenesse sloath pride and indignitie more then any dangers that neuer allowed more for himselfe then his souldiers with him that vpon no danger would send them where he would not lead them himselfe that would never see vs want what he either had or could by any meanes get vs that would rather want then borrow or starue then not pay that loued action more then words and hated falshood and covetousnesse worse then death whose adventures were our liues and whose losse our deaths Leaving vs thus with three ships seaven boats commodities readie to trade the harvest newly gathered ten weeks provision in the store foure hundred nintie and od persons twentie-foure Peeces of Ordnance three hundred Muskets Snaphances and Firelockes Shot Powder and Match sufficient Curats Pikes Swords and Morrios more then men the Salvages their language and habitations well knowne to an hundred well trayned and expert Souldiers Nets for fishing Tooles of all sorts to worke apparell to supply our wants six Mares and a Horse fiue or sixe hundred Swine as many Hennes and Chickens some Goats some sheepe what was brought or bred there remained But they regarding nothing but from hand to mouth did consume that wee had tooke care for nothing but to perfect some colourable complaints against Captaine Smith For effecting whereof three weekes longer they stayed the Ships till they could produce them That time and charge might much better haue beene spent but it suted well with the rest of their discretions Besides Iames towne that was strongly Pallizadoed containing some fiftie or sixtie houses he left fiue or sixe other severall Forts and Plantations though they were not so sumptuous as our successors expected they were better then they provided any for vs. All this time we had but one Carpenter in the Countrey and three others that could doe little but desired to be learners two Blacksmiths two saylers those we write labourers were for most part footmen and such as they that were Adventurers brought to attend them or such as they could perswade to goe with them that neuer did know what a dayes worke was except the Dutch-men and Poles and some dozen other For all the rest were poore Gentlemen Tradsmen Serving-men libertines and such like ten times more fit to spoyle a Common-wealth then either begin one or but helpe to maintaine one For when neither the feare of God nor the law nor shame nor displeasure of their friends could rule them here there is small hope ever to bring one in twentie of them ever to be good there Notwithstanding I confesse divers amongst them had better mindes and grew much more industrious then was expected yet ten good workemen would haue done more substantiall worke in a day then ten of them in a weeke Therefore men may rather wonder how we could doe so much then vse vs so badly because we did no more but leaue those examples to make others beware and the fruits of all we know not for whom But to see the justice of God vpon these Dutch-men Valdo before spoke of made a shift to get for England where perswading the Merchants what rich Mines he had found and great service he would doe them was very well rewarded and returned with the Lord La Warre but being found a meere Impostor he dyed most miserably Adam and Francis his two consorts were fled againe to Powhatan to whom they promised at the arrivall of my Lord what wonders they would doe would he suffer them but to goe to him But the King seeing they would be gone replyed You that would haue betrayed Captaine Smith to mee will certainely betray me to this great Lord for your peace so caused his men to beat out their braines To conclude the greatest honour that ever belonged to the greatest Monarkes was the inlarging their Dominions and erecting Common-weales Yet howsoever any of them haue attributed to themselues the Conquerors of the world there is more of the world never heard of them then ever any of them all had in subiection for the Medes Persians and Assyrians never Conquered all Asia nor
the Grecians but part of Europe and Asia The Romans indeed had a great part of both as well as Affrica but as for all the Northerne parts of Europe and Asia the interior Southern and Westerne parts of Affrica all America Terra incognita they were all ignorant nor is our knowledge yet but superficiall That their beginnings ending and limitations were proportioned by the Almightie is most evident but to consider of what small meanes many of them haue begun is wonderfull For some write that even Rome her selfe during the Raigne of Romulus exceeded not the number of a thousand houses And Carthage grew so great a Potentate that at first was but incirculed in the thongs of a Bulls skinne as to fight with Rome for the Empire of the world Yea Venice at this time the admiration of the earth was at first but a Marish inhabited by poore Fishermen And likewise Ninivie Thebes Babylon Delus Troy Athens Mycena and Sparta grew from small beginnings to be most famous States though now they retaine little more then a naked name Now this our yong Common-wealth in Virginia as you haue read once consisted but of 38 persons and in two yeares increased but to 200. yet by this small meanes so highly was approved the Plantation in Virginia as how many Lords with worthy Knights and braue Gentlemen pretended to see it and some did and now after the expence of fifteene yeares more and such massie summes of men and money grow they disanimated If we truely consider our Proceedings with the Spanyards and the rest we haue no reason to despayre for with so small charge they never had either greater Discoveries with such certaine tryals of more severall Commodities then in this short time hath beene returned from Virginia and by much lesse meanes New England was brought out of obscuritie and affoorded fraught for neare 200 sayle of ships where there is now erected a braue Plantation For the happines of Summer Isles they are no lesse then either and yet those haue had a far lesse and a more difficult beginning then either Rome Carthage or Venice Written by Richard Pots Clarke of the Councell William Tankard and G.P. New seeing there is thus much Paper here to spare that you should not be altogether clered with Prose such Verses as my worthy Friends bestowed vpon New England I here present you because with honestie I can neither reiect nor omit their courtesies In the deserued Honour of the Author Captaine Iohn Smith and his Worke. DAmn'd Envie is a sp'rite that ever haunts Beasts mis-nam'd Men Cowards or Ignorants But onely such shee followes whose deare WORTH Maugre her malice sets their glory forth If this faire Overture then take not It Is Envie 's spight deare friend in men of-wit Or Feare lest morsels which our mouths possesse Might fall from thence or else t is Sottishnesse If either I hope neither thee they raise Thy Letters are as Letters in thy praise Who by their vice improue when they reprooue Thy vertue so in hate procure thee Loue. Then On firme Worth this Monument I frame Scorning for any Smith to forge such fame Iohn Davies Heref To his worthy Captaine the Author THat which wee call the subiect of all Storie Is Truth which in this Worke of thine giues glorie To all that thou hast done Then scorne the spight Of Envie which doth no mans Merits right My sword may helpe the rest my Pen no more Can doe but this I 'aue said enough before Your sometime Souldier I. Codrinton now Templer To my Worthy Friend and Cosen Captaine Iohn Smith IT over-ioyes my heart when as thy Words Of these designes with deeds I doe compare Here is a Booke such worthy truth affords None should the due desert thereof impare Sith thou the man deserving of these Ages Much paine hast ta'en for this our Kingdomes good In Climes vnknowne 'Mongst Turks and Salvages T' inlarge our bounds though with thy losse of blood Hence damn'd Detraction stand not in our way Envie it selfe will not the Truth gainesay N. Smith In the deserved Honour of my honest and worthy Captaine Iohn Smith and his Worke. CAptaine and friend when I pervse thy Booke With Iudgements eyes into my heart I looke And there I finde what sometimes Albion knew A Souldier to his Countries-honour true Some fight for wealth and some for emptie praise But thou alone thy Countries Fame to raise With due discretion and vndanted heart I oft so well haue seene thee act thy Part In deepest plunge of hard extreamitie As forc't the troups of proudest foes to flie Though men of greater Ranke and lesse desert Would Pish-away thy Praise it can not start From the true Owner for all good mens tongues Shall keepe the same To them that Part belongs If then Wit Courage and Successe should get Thee Fame the Muse for that is in thy debt A part whereof least able though I be Thus here I doe disburse to honor Thee Raleigh Crashaw Michael Phettiplace Wil Phettiplace and Richard Wiffing Gentlemen and Souldiers vnder Captaine Smiths command In his deserved honour for his Worke and Worth VVHy may not wee in this Worke haue our Mite That had our share in each black day and night When thou Virginia foild'st yet kept'st vnstaind And held'st the King of Paspeheh exchaind Thou all alone this Salvage sterne didst take Pamavnkees King wee saw thee captiue make Among seauen hundred of his stoutest men To murther thee and vs resolved when Fast by the hayre thou ledst this Salvage grins Thy Pistoll at his breast to governe him Which did infuse such awe in all the rest Sith their drad Soveraigne thou had'st so distrest That thou and wee poore sixteene safe retir'd Vnto our helplesse Ships Thou thus admir'd Didst make proud Powhatan his subiects send To Iames his Towne thy censure to attend And all Virginia's Lords and pettie Kings Aw'd by thy vertue crouch and Presents brings To gaine thy grace so dreaded thou hast beene And yet a heart more milde is seldome seene So making Valour Vertue really Who hast nought in thee counterfeit or slie If in the sleight be not the truest Art That make's men famoused for faire desert Who saith of thee this sauors of vaine glorie Mistakes both thee and vs and this true Storie If it be ill in Thee so well to doe Then is ill in Vs to praise thee too But if the first be well done it is well To say it doth if so it doth excell Praise is the guerdon of each deare desert Making the praised act the praised part With more alacritie Honours Spurre is Praise Without which it regardlesse soone decaies And for this paines of thine wee praise thee rather That future Times may know who was the father Of that rare Worke New England which may bring Praise to thy God and profit to thy King The Summer Ils. The tribes ar signifyed by these Figurs 1. Sands 2. Southampton 3. Warwick 4.
to end and die a most miserable death For Affrica had not the industrious Portugals ranged her vnknowne parts who would haue sought for wealth amongst those fried Regions of blacke brutish Negars where notwithstanding all their wealth and admirable aduentures and endeuours more then one hundred and fortie yeeres they know not one third part of those blacke habitations But it is not a worke for euery one to manage such an affaire as make a discouery and plant a Colony it requires all the best parts of art iudgement courage honesty constancy diligence and industry to doe but neere well some are more proper for one thing then another and therein best to be imploied and nothing breeds more confusion then misplacing and misimploying men in their vndertakings Columbus Courtes Pitzara Zoto Magilanus and the rest serued more then a Prentiship to learne how to begin their most memorable attempts in the West-Indies which to the wonder of all ages successefully they effected when many hundreds of others farre aboue them in the worlds opinion being instructed but by relation came to shame and confusion in actions of small moment who doubtlesse in other matters were both wise discreet generous and couragious I say not this to detract any thing from their incomparable merits but to answer those questionlesse questions that keepe vs backe from imitating the worthinesse of their braue spirits that aduanced themselues from poore Souldiers to great Captaines their posterity to great Lords their King to be one of the greatest Potentates on earth and the fruits of their labours his greatest power glory and renowne The Description of New England THat part we call New England is betwixt the degrees of fortie one and fortie fiue the very meane betwixt the North pole and the line but that part this Discourse speaketh of stretcheth but from Penobscot to Câ—pe Cod some seuentie fiue leagues by a right line distant each from other within which bounds I haue seene at least fortie seuerall habitations vpon the Sea Coast and sounded about fiue and twentie excellent good Harbours in many whereof there is anchorage for fiue hundred saile of ships of any burden in some of them for one thousand and more then two hundred Iles ouer-growne with good Timber of diuers sorts of wood which doe make so many Harbours as required a longer time then I had to be well obserued The principall habitation Northward we were at was Pennobscot Southward along the Coast and vp the Riuers we found Mecadacut Segocket Pemaquid Nuscoucus Sagadahock Aumoughcowgen and Kenebeke and to those Countries belong the people of Segotago Paghhuntanuck Pocopassum Taughtanakagnet Warbigganus Nassaque Masherosqueck Wawrigweck Mosâ—oquen Wakcogo Pasharanack c. To these are alied in confederacy the Countries of Ancocisco Accomynticus Passataquack Aggawom and Naemkeck All these for any thing I could perceiue differ little in language fashion or gouernment though most of them be Lords of themselues yet they hold the Bashabes of Penobscot the chiefe and greatest amongst them The next I can remember by name are Mattahunts two pleasant Iles of Groues Gardens and Corne fields a league in the Sea from the maine Then Totant Massachuset Topent Secassaw Totheet Nasnocomacack Accomack Chawum Patuxet Massasoyts Pakanokick then Cape Cod by which is Pawmet and the I le Nawset of the language and aliance of them of Chawum the others are called Massachusets and differ somewhat in language custome and condition for their Trade and Merchandize to each of their principall families or habitations they haue diuers Townes and people belonging and by their relations and descriptions more then twentie seuerall habitations and riuers that stretch themselues farre into the Countrey euen to the Borders of diuers great Lakes where they kill and take most of their Otters from Pennobscot to Sagadaboc This Coast is mountainous and Iles of huge Rockes but ouer-growne for most part with most sorts of excellent good woods for building Houses Boats Barks or Ships with an incredible abundance of most sorts of Fish much Fowle and sundry sorts of good Fruits for mans vse Betwixt Sagadahock Sowocatuck there is but two or three Sandy Bayes but betwixt that and Cape Iames very many especially the Coast of the Massachusets is so indifferently mixed with high Clay or Sandy clifts in one place and the tracts of large long ledges of diuers sorts and Quaries of stones in other places so strangely diuided with tinctured veines of diuers colours as Free-stone for building Slate for tyling smooth stone to make Furnasses and Forges for Glasse and Iron and Iron Ore sufficient conueniently to melt in them but the most part so resembleth the Coast of Deuonshire I thinke most of the clifts would make such Lime-stone if they bee not of these qualities they are so like they may deceiue a better iudgement then mine all which are so neere adioyning to those other aduantages I obserued in these parts that if the Ore proue as good Iron and Steele in those parts as I know it is within the bounds of the Countrey I dare ingage my head hauing but men skilfull to worke the Simples there growing to haue all things belonging to the building and rigging of ships of any proportion and good Merchandise for their fraught within a square of ten or foureteene leagues and it were no hard matter to proue it within a lesse limitation And surely by reason of those sandy clifts and clifts of rocks both which we saw so planted with Gardens and Corne fields and so well inhabited with a goodly strong and well proportioned people besides the greatnesse of the Timber growing on them the greatnesse of the Fish and the moderate temper of the aire for of fiue and forty not a man was sicke but two that were many yeares diseased before they went notwithstanding our bad lodging and accidentall diet who can but approue this a most excellent place both for health and fertilitie and of all the foure parts of the world I haue yet seene not inhabited could I haue but means to transport a Colony I would rather liue here then any where and if it did not maintaine it selfe were we but once indifferently well fitted let vs starue The maine staple from hence to bee extracted for the present to produce the rest is Fish which howbeit may seeme a meane and a base Commoditie yet who will but truly take the paines and consider the sequell I thinke will allow it well worth the labour It is strange to see what great aduentures the hopes of setting forth men of warre to rob the industrious innocent would procure or such massie promises in grosse though more are choaked then well fed with such hastie hopes But who doth not know that the poore Hollanders chiefely by fishing at a great charge and labour in all weathers in the open Sea are made a people so hardy and industrious and by the venting this poore Commoditie to the Easterlings for as
like we descried foure saile after whom we stood who forling their maine Sailes attended vs to fight but our French spirits were content onely to perceiue they were English red Crosses Within a very small time after wee chased 4. Spanish ships that came from the Indies we fought with them foure or fiue houres tore their sailes and sides with many a shot betwixt wind and weather yet not daring to boord them lost them for which all the Sailers euer after hated the Captaine as a professed coward A poore Caruill of Brasile was the next wee chased and after a small fight thirteene or foureteene of her men being wounded which was the better halfe we tooke her with three hundred and seuenty chests of Sugar one hundred hides and thirty thousand Rialls of eight The next was a ship of Holland which had lost her Consorts in the Streights of Magilans going for the South sea she was put roomy she also these French men with faire promises cunningly betraied to come aboord them to shew their Commission and so made prise of all the most of the Dutch-men we tooke aboord the Admirall and manned her with French-men that within two or three nights after ran away with her for France the wounded Spaniards we set on shore on the I le of Tercera the rest we kept to saile the Caruill Within a day or two after we met a West-Indies man of warre of one hundred and sixtie tuns a fore noone wee fought with her and then tooke her with one thousand one hundred Hides fiftie Chests of Cutchancle foureteene Coffers of wedges of Siluer eight thousand Rialls of eight and six Coffers of the King of Spaines Treasure besides the good pillage and rich Coffers of many rich Passengers Two moneths they kept me in this manner to manage their fights against the Spaniards and bee a Prisoner when they tooke any English Now though the Captaine had oft broke his promise which was to put me on shore the Iles or the next ship he tooke yet at the last he was contented I should goe in the Caruill of Sugar for France himselfe seeming as resolued to keepe the Seas but the next morning we all set saile for France and that night we were separated from the Admirall and the rich prise by a storme Within two daies after wee were hailed by two West-Indies men but when they saw vs waise them for the King of France they gaue vs their broad sides shot thorow our maine Mast and so left vs. Hauing liued now this Summer amongst those French men of warre with much adoe we arriued at the Gulion not farre from Rotchell where in stead of the great promises they alwaies fed me with of double satisfaction and full content and tenne thousand Crownes was generally concluded I should haue they kept me fiue or six daies Prisoner in the Caruill accusing me to be he that burnt their Colony in New France to force me to giue them a discharge before the Iudge of the Admiraltie and stand to their courtesies for satisfaction or lie in prison or a worse mischiefe Indeed this was in the time of combustion that the Prince of Candy was with his Army in the field and euery poore Lord or men in authoritie as little Kings of themselues For this iniury was done me by them that set out this voyage not by the Sailers for they were cheated of all as well as I by a few Officers aboord and the owners on shore But to preuent this choise in the end of such a storme that beat them all vnder hatches I watched my opportunitie to get a shore in their Boat whereinto in the darke night I secretly got and with a halfe Pike that lay by me put a drift for Rat Ile but the currant was so strong and the Sea so great I went a drift to Sea till it pleased God the wind so turned with the tide that although I was all this fearefull night of gusts and raine in the Sea the space of twelue houres when many ships were driuen ashore and diuers split and being with skulling and bayling the water tired I expected each minute would sinke me at last I arriued in an Oâ—zy I le by Charowne where certaine Fowlers found me neere drowned and halfe dead with water cold and hunger My Boat I pawned to finde meanes to get to Rotchell where I vnderstood our man of war the rich prize wherein was the Cap. called Mounsieur Poyrune and the thirtie thousand Rialls of eight we tooke in the Caruill was split the Captaine drowned and halfe his Company the same night within six or seuen leagues of that place from whence I escaped in the little Boat by the mercy of God far beyond all mens reason or my expectation arriuing at Rotchell vpon my complaint to the Iudge of the Admiraltie I found many good words and faire promises and ere long many of them that escaped drowning told me the newes they heard of my owne death These I arresting their seuerall examinations did so confirme my complaint it was held proofe sufficient All which being performed according to their order of justice from vnder the Iudges hand I presented it to Sir Thomas Edmonds then Ambassadour at Burdeaux where it was my chance to see the arriuall of the Kings great mariage brought from Spaine Here it was my good fortune to meet my old friend Master Crampton that no lesse grieued at my losse then willingly to his power did supply my wants and I must confesse I was more beholden to the French men that escaped drowning in the man of warre Madam Chanoyes at Rotchell and the Lawyers of Burdeaux then all the rest of my Country-men I met in France Of the wracke of the rich prise some three thousand six hundred crownes worth of goods came ashore and was saued with the Caruill which I did my best to arrest the Iudge promised I should haue Iustice what will be the conclusion as yet I know not But vnder the couler to take Pirats and the West-Indie men because the Spaniards will not suffer the French to trade in the West-Indies any goods from thence though they take them vpon the Coast of Spaine are lawfull prize or from any of his Teritories out of the limits of Europe and as they betraied me though I had the broad-seale so did they rob and pillage twentie saile of English men more besides them I knew not of the same yeere Leauing thus my businesse in France I returned to Plimoth to finde them had thus buried me amongst the French and not onely buried me but with so much infamy as such treacherous cowards could suggest to excuse their villanies The Chiefetaines of this mutiny that I could finde I laid by the heeles the rest like themselues confessed the truth as you haue heard Now how I haue or could preuent these accidents hauing no more meanes I rest at your censures but to proceed to the
hundred in seuen or ten moneths as you see they haue done spending twice so much time in comming and going as in staying there were I there planted seeing the variety of the fishings serue the most part of the yeere and with a little labour we might make all the Salt we need vse as is formerly said and can conceiue no reason to distrust of good successe by Gods assistance besides for the building of ships no place hath more conuenient Harbours ebbe nor floud nor better timber and no Commoditie in Europe doth more decay then wood Master Dee his opinion for the building of ships MAster Dee recordeth in his Brittish Monarchy that King Edgar had a Nauy of foure thousand saile with which he yeerely made his progresse about this famous Monarchy of Great Britaine largely declaring the benefit thereof whereupon hee proiected to our most memorable Queene Elizabeth the erecting of a Fleet of sixty Saile he called a little Nauy Royall imitating that admired Pericles Prince of Athens that could neuer secure that tormented estate vntill he was Lord and Captaine of the Sea At this none need wonder for who knowes not her Royall Maiestie during her life by the incredible aduentures of her Royall Nauy and valiant Souldiers and Sea-men notwithstanding all treacheries at home the protecting and defending France and Holland and reconquering Ireland yet all the world by Sea and Land both feared or loued and admired good Queene Elizabeth Both to maintaine and increase that incomparable honour God be thanked to her incomparable Successor our most Royall Lord and Soueraigne King Iames this great Philosopher hath left this to his Maiestie and his Kingdomes consideration that if the tenths of the earth be proper to God it is also due by Sea The Kings high waies are common to passe but not to dig for Mines or any thing So Englands Coasts are free to passe but not to fish but by his Maiesties Prerogatiue His Maiesty of Spaine permits none to passe the Popes order for the East and West Indies but by his permission or at their perils if all that world be so iustly theirs it is no iniustice for England to make as much vse of her owne shores as strangers doe that pay to their owne Lords the tenth and not to the owner of those liberties any thing to speake of whose subiects may neither take nor sell any in their Teritories which small tribute would maintaine this little Nauy Royall and not cost his Maiesty a peny and yet maintaine peace with all Forrainers and allow them more courtesie then any Nation in the world affords to England It were ashame to alleage that Hollaâ—d is more worthy to enioy our fishing as Lords thereof because they haue more skill to handle it then we as they can our wooll and vndressed Cloth notwithstanding all their warres and troublesome disorders To get money to build this Nauy he saith who would not spare the one hundreth penny of his rents and the fiue hundreth penny of his goods each seruant that taketh forty shillings wages foure pence and euery forrainer of seuen yeeres of age foure pence for seuen yeeres not any of these but they will spend three times so much in pride wantonnesse or some superfluitie And doe any men loue the securitie of their estates that of themselues would not bee humble suters to his Maiesty to doe this of free will as a voluntary beneuolence or but the one halfe of this or some such other course as I haue prounded to diuers of the Companies free from any constraint tax lottery or imposition so it may be as honestly and truly imploied as it is proiected the poorest Mechanicke in this King-would gaine by it Then you might build ships of any proportion and numbers you please fiue times cheaper then you can doe here and haue good merchandize for their fraught in this vnknowne Land to the aduancement of Gods glory his Church and Gospel and the strengthning and releefe of a great part of Christendome without hurt to any to the terror of Pirats the amazement of enemies the assistance of friends the securing Merchants and so much increase of Nauigation to make Englands trade and shipping as much as any Nations in the world besides a hundred other benefits to the generall good of all true subiects would cause thousands yet vnborne to blesse the time and all them that first put it in practise Now lest it should be obscured as it hath beene to priuat ends or so weakely vndertaken by our ouerweening incredulity that strangers may possesse it whilest we contend for New-Englands goods but not Englands good I haue presented it as I haue said to the Prince and Nobility the Gentry and Commonalty hoping at last it will moue the whole land to know it and consider of it since I can finde them wood and halfe victuall with the foresaid aduantages were this Country planted with what facility they may build and maintaine this little Nauy Royall both with honour profit and content and inhabit as good a Country as any in the world within that paralell which with my life and what I haue I will endeuour to effect if God please and you permit But no man will goe from hence to haue lesse freedome there then here nor aduenture all they haue to prepare the way for them will scarce thanke them for it and it is too well knowne there haue beene so many vndertakers of Patents and such sharing of them as hath bred no lesse discouragement then wonder to heare such great promises and so little performance in the Interim you see the French and Dutch already frequent it and God forbid they in Virginia or any of his Maiesties subiects should not haue as free liberty as they To conclude were it not for Master Cherley and a few priuate aduenturers with them what haue we there for all these inducements As for them whom pride or couetousnesse lulleth asleepe in a Cradle of slothfull carelesnesse would they but consider how all the great Monarchies of the earth haue beene brought to confusion or but remember the late lamentable experiences of Constantinople and how many Cities Townes and Prouinces in the faire rich Kingdoms of Hungaria Transiluania Wallachia Moldauia and how many thousands of Princes Earles Barons Knights Merchants and others haue in one day lost goods liues and honours or sold for slaues like beasts in a market place their wiues children and seruants slaine or wandring they knew not whither dying or liuing in all extremities of extreme miseries and calamities surely they would not onely doe this but giue all they haue to enioy peace and liberty at home or but aduenture their persons abroad to preuent the conclusions of a conquering Foe who commonly assaulteth and best preuaileth where he findeth wealth and plenty most armed with ignorance and security Though the true condition of warre is onely to suppresse the proud and defend the