were as a spur to the naturall vertue and bountie wherewith God had endowed him as much as any Prince of his time for he was actiue hardy and valiant and withall wise mild capable and very deuour In his time flourished the Order of Cisteaux The vertues of King D. Alphonso the 8. and the religion of S. Bernard of the which he was carefull and a great benefactor so as they attribute to him the building of most part of the Monasteries of that habit which are in Spaine and hee was no lesse carefull to repayre the ruines of many townes and castels which had beene destroyed by the continuall courses of the Arbians he built and peopled new and made many good lawes and ordonances for the administration of iustice and gouernement of townes so as for these excellent vertues he was fauoured of God beloued and respected of his subiects and greatly feared of his enemies It was about his comming to the Crowne Zamora made a bishopricke that his vncle Calixfus erected an Episcopall sea at Zamora whereof D. Bernard Arcl-deacon of Toledo was the first Bishop whereas now the Sepulcher of Yllefonce Arch-bishop of Toledo is worshipped with diuine honours found as the Histories say by a shepheare a testimonie worthie of the inuention At the same time which was about the yeare 1125. the church ofs Iames in Gallcia was made a Metrapolitan An. 1125. by the same Pope Calixtus S. Iames of Compostella made an Archbishopricke in fauour of his nephew king D. Alphonso who shewed great deuotion to this Saint for that he had had his breeding and past most of his youth in Galicia The first Archb. of that place was Don Diego Gelmirio aboue-named borne in the same Diocesse vnder which Archb. were appointed 12. Bishops Salamanâ—a Auila Plaisance Zamâ—ra Badajos Cite Roderigo Coria Lugo Astorga Orenâ—e Mondoguedo and Tâ—y Then began the Abbey of S. Dominike of Calçado to increase to the which was giuen by Don Alphonso the Warriour king of Nauarre the place called Olgabarte or otherwise Iubarre with great freedomes and exemptions This Church was made subiect to the Bishop of Calaorra and at that time there was an Abbot and Monkes there whereas since there were Chanoins placed and in the end it was made a Cathedrall church the which is now a towne seated betwixt Nagera and Vilhorado and in the beginning was but a small borough called Malburgueâ—e the which is now by corruption called Margubette and is ioyned to the Cathedrall Church of that place the which at this present is called the Bourg of Saint Dominicke of Calçada King D. Alphonso the warriour had giuen some respite vnto the Moores Nauarre and Arragon vnto the yeare 1125. when as he led his armie against them of Denia and Valencia and spoyled the countrie then passing into Murcia and the marches of Carthagena hee attempted Alcaras but could not take it wherefore pursuing his good fortune hee ouer-run the territories of Granado then turning by Cordoua as he prepared to beseege it he was diuerted by an armie of Moores Almorauides to whome hee gaue Battaile and defeated them Yet he did not thinke it fit to stay then at this seege but returned laden with spoyles into his countrie whither he led many Christians Musarabes retired out of the tyrannie of die Moores to whom he gaue dwellings and lands with exemptions and titles of Nobilitie for them and theirs In Portugal Portugal Count D. Alphonso Henriques did in like manner annoy the Moores vpon his frontier An. 1127. from whome he tooke Leyra in the yeare 1127. the which hee gaue to the Monasterie of Saint Croix in the towne of Coimbra built by him as the first fruites of his victories Hee tooke in like manner the towne of Torrslnouas The contrarie happened in Cattelogne whereas the Moores whilest that the king of Nauarre and Arragon did ouer-runne their westerne countrie were furiously entred and committed infinite spoyles the which might well bee one of the reasons which made the seege of Cordoua to cease and caused the king of Nauarre and Arragon to retire to come and succor D. Raymond Arnould Earle of Barcelone In these warres D. Alphonso king of Nauarre Nauarre and Arragon had great ayde and assistance of many Knights and Noblemen of France that were neighbours to the Pyrenees to whome a great part of the victories obtained by him against the Moores are attributed by the testimonie of the Spanish Authors themselues In this voyage of Cattelogne hee led with him the infant D. Garcia sonne and heire to D Ramir Sanches to whom by right of succession the kingdome of Nauarre did belong for that he was issued from the direct and lawfull line of the king D. D. Garcia rigeâ— hetre of Nauarre Sancho Garcia his grandfather This young Prince was lest by his dying father in the gouernement of D. Sol widow to the infant D. Pedro daughter to Cid his Aunt by the mothers side by whome he was bred up in his youth in all vertue and religion and they called him the Lord of Monçon After this expedition the king peopled the new Bourg of Pampelone which he had caused to be built neere vnto the old towne and was called at that time Iruna that is to say good towne hee placed French Inhabitants there taken out of the souldiers which had followed him in the warres against the Moores whem he would reward for their good seruices in lodging them in this new increase which he had made of the towne of Pampelone giuing them the priuiledges and exemptions of the towne of Iaca. Some thinke they came from Cahors in Quercy he also gaue priuiledges to the Inhabitants of Maragnon During these things Castile the Countesse of Portugall who was a prisoner beeing too hardly intreated by D. Alphonso Henriques her sonne had meanes to acquaint D. Alphonso Raymond king of Castile her nephew with her afflictions and to intreate him to imbrace her cause and to fâ—ee her from that hard prison wherein shee was detained in recompence whereof the offered to make him her heire of the Earledome of Portugal D. Alphonso desirousâ— to ioyne this peece to his demaynes came in person with a great armie to deliuer this woman forgetting that the Earle had assisted him in the warre which he had against his mother D. Vrraca Queene of Castile and Leon but hee had a sharpe incounter in the fields of Valdues along the bankes of the riuer of Limia where beeing vanquished by the armie of D. Alphonso Henriques his cousin hee saued himselfe being hurt in the fooâ—e in the territorie of Leon. Beeing cured and hauing raysed another army he entred againe into Portugal being desirous to recouer his honour and to force the Portugals to acknowledge him and to do him the homage which they ought him as King of Leon. Beeing arriued at Guymaranes where the Earle was he beseeged it and did all hee could to take the
Nauarre at his pleasure were it either right or wrong In the meane time the King D. Fernand Castille to purge and expiat these outrages gaue bountifully to the Cathedral churches colledges parishes and monasteries of his realme and to others without it for they say hee gaue euery yeere to the Abbay of Clugny The almes deeds of the King of Castille a thousand peeces of gold out his treasury and infinite almes deeds to the poore in particular The tribute which hee demaunded of the King of Toledo was denied him a little before his death but hee went in person against him forced him to acknowledge him for his Lord and to doe him homage and in like manner the other Moores who after his example had rebelled and they hold that hee also led his army along the riuer of Ebro by the confines of Cattelogne to Valence where hauing taken great spoiles from the Moores which raigned in those Marches hee returned victorious into his country His residence was for the most part at Leon for certaine reasons And although that homebred examples did warne him to keepe his Estates vnited in one bodie to haue the more power and authority to withstand the attempts of all enemies yet hee was resolued to assigne his children their portions in his life time To D. Sancho hee appointed the realme of Castille vnto the riuer of Pisuerga D. Fernand 〈…〉 towards Leon and towards Nauarre limited by the riuer of Ebro as hee had augmented it on that side with the preiudice of his Nephew D. Sancho Garcia To D. Alphonso his second sonne he assigned the Kingdome of Leon in the Asturies and Tramsiera vnto the riuer Deua which passeth by Ouiedo and moreouer hee gaue him part of Campos and the towne of Astorga and other lands in Galicia with the towne of Zebrero To D. Garcia the youngest the realme of Galicia withall that hee had conquered in Portugall Hee did also indowe his two daughters assigning to D. Vrraca the eldest the city of Zamora and to D. Eluira the yongest the city of Toro but this diuision was not allowed nor kept by his sonne D. Sancho after his death the which many say was in the yeere of our Lord 1059. A remarkable yeere by the credit which was giuen to the Cardinals of Rome An. 1059. by the dilligence of Pope Nicholas the second a Sauoyard borne who hauing called a councell at Saint Iean de Latran in Rome prouided that from thence forth the Pope should not be chosen but by the suffrages of the Cardinalls 〈…〉 grounding this decree vpon the corruptions troubles and seditions which grew ordinarily vpon the election of Popes holding it lesse dangerous to haue these indirect courses practised by few then by the whole Clergy or the people of Rome This Decree is inserted in the three and twenty distinction and begins In nomine domini c. The writers of the Spanish History are not very certaine of the time of D. Fernands death for those which seeme most exact prolong his life vnto the yeere of our Lord 1067. The place where he died is also very doubtfull but all agree that he was interred at Saint Isidore of Leon dying so full of contrition and repentance for his sinnes as they hold his body for a holy relike in the Kings chappel in that church By this computation he should haue raigned two and thirty yeeres in Castille and thirty or thereabouts in Leon. Wee finde no other thing touching the affaires of this King with forraine Princes but only a contention betwixt his Ambassadors and those of the Emperor Henry at the councell of Florence vnder Victor the second the Emperor pretending that the Kings of Spaine should acknowledge his Maiesty and doe him homage as to their souergaine but this question was decided by the councell where it was sayd that seeing the Kings of Spaine had defended and conquered their Realmes by armes without any aide from the Emperors they were free and exempt from al acknowledgment or subiection to the Empire The Kings of Spaine doe not acknowledge the Empire whereof wee may read the glosse vpon the Chap. Adrianus Papa Distinc. 63. the like preuiledge haue the Kings of France the State of Venice the Kings of England and some others D. Raymond Berenger the elder Earle of Barcelone a wise and valiant Knight of whom we haue made mention Cattelogne defended his country by his armes and wisdome and inlarged his limits to the preiudice of the Moores by the fauour of the other Christian Potentates of Spaine which maee warre against them and the diuisions which were among these Arabian Mahumetists At that time was Seneshall in Cattelogne which was a dignity equal to that of the Constable or Mareshals in France one called Raymond Myron In his time D. Guillen the fat was Earle of Besalu sonne to Bernard Brisefer who dying in the yeere 1052. D. Bernard Guillen his second sonne succeeded him at the same time was Earle of Cerdagne D Guillen Raymond son to Cont Raymond Geoffry who held it long and had two sonnes D. Guillen Iordain who was Earle after him and D. Bernard Guillen who was also Earle of Cerdagne and to make cleere the alliances of this house of Cattelogne we finde that D. Almodis wife to Count Raymond Berenger was issued from the house of the Earles of Carcassone beeing strongly allied especially with the Lords of Bearne and Narbone and the Earles of Tolouse Bigorre and other great houses of France From the same house of Carcassone was issued Emengarde married to the Vicont of Besiers both which in the yeere of our Lord 1068. yeelded vnto Raymond Berenger Earle of Barcelone all the interest and right which they might pretend vnto the Earldomes of Carcassone Tolouse Cominges Rodes and Minerue by meanes whereof this house of Barcelone had great Siegneuries and pretensions in France and from that time did enioy the towne of Carcassone◠about which time the towne of Perpignan was built D. Sancho Fernandes the second of that name and the second King of Castille 6. Castille IN the yeere of our redemption 1067. An. 1067. the realmes of Castille Leon and Galicia were diuided betwixt the children of D. Ferdnand deceased and Castille fell to D. Sancho Fernandes surnamed the valiant Leon to Alphonso Fernandes the second whom they called the Braue and Galicia to D. Garcia with that which hee had conquered in Portugal Adding vnto these D. Sancho Garcia who held the Kingdome of Nauarre and D. Sancho Ramires raigning in Arragon wee finde that at one instant there were raigning in Spaine fiue grand-children to D. Sancho the Great King of Nauarre The Kings of Nauarre and Arragon last named made a league against D. Sancho King of Castille but their quarrels and exploits are obscure and vncertaine at the least they did him no great harme Whilest that D. Sancha the mother of D. Fernands three children liued they continued in reasonable
dyed about the yeere 1141. after which the King D. Garcia married againe with D. Vrraca bastard daughter to the Emperor D. Alphonso which he had by a gentlewoman called D. Gontrude sister to one Diego Abregon or Apricio The King had one daughter by this second wife called D. Sancha who was married first to Gaston Earle of Bearne and afterwards to D. Pedro de Molina from whom issued D. Almerigo or Manrique who was vicont of Narbonne by succession from D. Ormesind his grand-mother by the fathers sideâ—some say that the second wife of there King D. Garcia was not D. Vrrâ—ca bastard daughter to D. Alphonso King of Castille but the daughter of D. Lope Diaâ—de Haro Family of Haro Loras of Bisâ—ay Lord of Biscay the third of that name and the first which intitled himselfe de Haro the which was called D. Geâ—ffrey who sister D. Vrraca Lopes was wife to D. Fernand King of Leon the second of that name sonne to the Emperour D. Alphonso then raigning These two Ladies had also one brother called D. Diego Lopes de Haro surnamed the good who was a braue a valiant Knight Yet the first opinion taken out of D. Radrigo Ximenes Archbishop of Toledo a Nauarrois is more approoued by the Spaniards touching the marriages of the King D. Garcia There is mention made in the Histories of Spaine of a Lady of this house of Biscay called D. Maria Lopes Doxations to churches verie deuout and bountifull to the Clergy who gaue Saint Michel de Barbadillu Saint Mary de Lor Saint Mary d' Estiualis Aperregâ—â—â— and Magniriette with other lands which are in the Prouince of Alaua where she dwelt to the Monasterie of Nagera The deuotion of Princes and Noblemen in those daies was great striuing who should giue most vnto the Church beeing instructed by the Clergie that the onely meanes to redeeme their soules from eternall damnation was to doe good to religious men who praied to God for them whilest they abandoned themselues to all voluptuosnesse and pleasures in their secular estates spoyling oftentimes their neighbours or subiects of their partimonies to inrich that is to say to ruine the Church making Bishops Abbors Priests and Monkes partakers of their rapines and spoiles During the troubles of Castille Castille Arragon and Nauarre there grew great contention betwixt D. Simeon Bishop of Burgos and D. Sancho de Punes Bishop of Calaorra for the church sepulture of Saint Dominike of Calsada either of them maintayning that it was of his Diocese and iurisdiction Debate among Bishops to enlarge their Dioccses Therein in my opinion they did not striue who should haue the greatest flock and feed theÌ„ best for their soules health but they rather sought their owne reputations and particular profits for that the opinion of the holinesse to this dead man did euery day increase in which place they built a towne and moreouer that the Kings then raigning in Spaine were very deuour and great benefactors namely the Emperor D. Alphonso Raymond and his wife D. Berenguela who had a little before indowed this church with great possessions The cause was argued before Iudges appointed by the Emperour yet named by the two Bishops which contended for him of Calaorra there was chosen Pedro de Granon Arch-deacon of Calaâ—rra and for the Bishop of Burgos the Arch-deacon of Birbiesca called also Peter a dignity of Burgos these two hauing made diligent inquiry examined ancient and credible witnesses and visited the confâ—â—es of both Dioâ—â—ses they gaue sentence for the Bishop of Calaorra the which in the yeere 1137. many notable personages assisting at the Iudgement signed In the yeere 1141. the Emperor D. Alphonso An. 1141. to incourrage men to people the town which they began to build about the church of Saint Dominike granted to the Inhabitants thereof the vse of the woods forrests mountaines and pastures thereabouts like vnto the other townes their neighbours and moreouer the waters which fell from the mount of Fayola with other commodities which did help to plant this Bourg which beganne then to bee built and since is growne a good towne and a Cathedrall church as we see it The towne was vnder the iurisdiction of the church for a time for some occasions there was a Court rayoll established in the time of Ferdinand the third as we will note hereafter D. Alphonso Henriques the first King of Portugal THe affaires of Portugal during these actions aboue mentioned Portugal remaine obscure by the error and negligence of authors for there is no memory found of the deeds of D. Alphonso Hâ—nriques since the conquest of Leyra and of Torresnauas which was in the yeere of our Lord 1127. vnto the yeere 1139. when as hee past the riuer of Tayo and led an army against a King of the Moores called Ismar or Ismael In this voyage died D. Egas Nugnes who had beene Gouernor to the Earle in his youth and his faithfull councellor hee was interred at the Monastery of Sonsa neere vnto the towne of Porto Hee had founded according to the opinion of some the Monastery of Saint Martin of Cucuayes in the country of Saint Mary Ismar came out of his country against D. Alphonso Henriques beeing accompanied by foure other pettie Kings Moores the two armies were in view one of an other in the fields of Obrigue the Earles was about Castroverde which at that time was called Cabeças de Reys that is to say heads of Kings and as the Christians were much inferiour to the Infidels in number so their opinions were diuers most inclyning to a retreat without fighting but the Earle who was of a Noble courage and generous resolution perswaded his people with such forcible reasons as they resolued to all hazards and for a happie presage of a future victory the souldiars turning themselues to God were moued to salute their Earle Râ—â—al title of the house of Portugal with a royal name and title crying all with one voice Portugal Portugal for the King D Alphonso Henriques Beeing thus incourraged and all in good order they charged the Moores squadrons and made a horrible slaughter of them so as hauing put them all to flight they remained Maisters of the field they tooke fiue royal Standards of the Moores and all their baggage The Portugals celebrate this memorable victory Victory of Obrique called of Obrique vnto this day the honour whereof is due to them which dwell betwixt Tayo and Duero and betwixt Duero and Minio for the Inhabitants beyond Tayo were at that time subiect to the Moores who held also a great part of the country on this side After this battaile D. Alphonso Henriques tooke vpon him the title of King of Portugal and left by succession to his descendants this title obtained by a millitary prerogatiue before the battaile Armes of Portugal Then beganne the armes of that royall house this King taking in memorie of so great a victory which God had giuen
some and moreouer that he should deliuer the ships and merchants of Asturia Biscay Guipuscoa with their goods which he had taken and stayed whereof the K. D. Fernand made no accompt wherefore the king of Castile prepared to armes Diego Lope Pacheco a knight of Portugal was then in Castile who was retired thither by reason of the death of D. Agnes of Castro flying the fury of the king D. Pedro and had bin so fauored by the king D. Henry as he had got great reuenues honors This Knight had left many friends in Portugal by whose means he was aduertised of all that was done in D. Fernands Court and as he was a most affectionat seruant to the king of Castile so he sought to draw vnto him all those that were valiant in Portugall and if any one were persecuted he perswaded him to come into Castile declaring vnto them the bountie of the king D. Henry He had had intelligence of all that had past touching the marriage of D. Leonora Telles and of the discontent betwixt the K. and his brother D. Denis and them of the house of Acugna and the city of Lisbon wherfore imbracing these occasions fit for the war which was like to grow betwixt these two kings Diego Lope Pacheco wrought so as he drew D. Denis to come and put himselfe vnder the protection of the king D. Henry entertayned by all means such Gentlemen as were ill affected to their King to be reuenged of the wrongs he had done them Matters beeing thus prepared and the ambassador being returned who had bin sent to summon the king D. Fernand to deliuer the banished men which he had in his Realm to make restitution of the prizes which had bin taken by him the king D. Henry entred into Portugal with an army VVar betwixt â—â—tile and â—â—â—ugal and hauing sent D. Alphonso his son to Coimbra a castle in Gallicia where the banished men had fortified themselues the place was taken The king on his side seized of Almorda Panel Cillonico and Linares and there Don Denis ioyned with him with other Noblemen of Portugal who were liberally intreated and much honoured Pope Gregorie the eleuenth residing in Auignon hearing of the trobles betwixt these two kings was carefull like a good pastor to send a Legat which was Cardinall Guy of Bologno with full authoritie to reconcile them But before that hee could draw the parties to any friendly composition the king Don Henry made a new entrie tooke Viseo and ranne vp the countrie as farre as S. Iren finding no resistance for Don Fernand was not so able to maintain a quarrell as he was ready to breed one wherfore keeping himselfe within Saint Iren the king Don Henry had the passage free and open to go vnto Lisbone where he spoyled and burnt the lower part of the towne Lisbon spoiled and burnt by the King of Castile as the new street and some other places for that he neither found walles nor any resistance the quarter called Sus held good being walled in and well manned for all the inhabitants were retired thither during the which the sea-armie of Castile entred into the mouth of the riuer which is large and spacious where they did not onely recouer the ships of Biscay and others which had beene taken but many vesselles of all sorts which were fit for seruice were carried away by the Castillans and the rest burnt In the meane time the Legate laboured what he could to end these miseries wherein he preuailed so much as hee reduced the two kings to a peace the which was concluded to the great aduantage of the king of Castile Peace betwixt Castile and Portugal after which the kings met neere vnto Saint Iren either of them in a barke vppon the riuer of Tayo where they finished their accord and capitulations among the which there was a marriage concluded betwixt Donna Beatrix sister to the king D. Fernand and Don Sancho Earle of Albuquerque brother to the king of Castile and of Donna Izabella base daughter to the king Don Fernand and Don Alphonso Earle of Gijon base sonne to the king Don Henry The mariage betwixt Don Sancho and Donna Beatrix was celebrated the places taken were restored the peace was proclaimed and the king of Castile returned into his countrie leading his daughter-in-law Donna Izabella with him being but eight yeares old who was afterwards married to the Earle of Gijon to his great griefe The quarrels betwixt Castile and Arragon Arragon being not well ended they were forced to come to a new compromise wherein the Duke of Anjou brother to the French king was a dealer but with so bad successe as he became enemie to the K. of Arragon At that time were celebrated the mariages of D. Iohn D. of Girone the heire of Arragon and Martha daughter to the Earle of Armaignac who had fifteene thousand pounds starling in dowrie and of Don Martin of Arragon the kings youngest sonne with Donna Mary daughter to Don Lopes Earle of Luna and Lord of Segorbe The same yeare 1372. Don Pedro king of Arragon finding too late how easie he had beene to beleeue false reports and repenting himselfe of the vnworthie death of Bernand of Cabrera hee restored his Grand-child Bernardin sonne to Bernardin of Cabrera to all his goods except the Earldome of Vic which he kept to himselfe The father of this young Nobleman dyed in Castile in the seruice of the king Don Henry notwithstanding that hee had sought his fathers death There were this yeare seene in Arragon horrible Earthquakes with the ruins of mountaines about Ribagorça where as many villages were ouerthrowne and great multitudes of people perished In Castile the king Don Henry was prest by Donna Maria of Lara Castile Countesse of Alençon to do her right tfor the Lordships of Biscay and Lara she had many sons which were all aduanced in France the first was Earle of Alençon Biscay belongs to the house of Alenson the second of Estampes the third of Perch and two of the Church The king Don Henry made answer that she should send him two of her sonnes to remaine in Spaine and that he would giue the Lordship of Biscay to the one and that of Lara to the other He presumed that she could not do it all her children being so well aduanced in France and for some other reasons Edward king of England and his sonne Iohn Duke of Lancaster who intitled himselfe King of Castile and Leon in the right of his wife Donna Constance daughter to the king Don Pedro the Cruel sent Ambassadors to the king of Arragon 1373. Pretensiâ—ns of Iohn Duke of Lancaster to Castile in the yeare 1373. to treat a League with him beeing resolued to send a great army into Castile to conquer that Realme wherof the Duke of Lancaster should be Generall as belonging to his wife offering great conditions to the king of Arragon if he would adhere
the rest of the factions would do the like but the poore Friar was deceyued in his hope for those of the Grammontois faction rejecting this marriage as hurtfull to their side and fearing to lose so mighty a Captaine did so preuayle with the Marshall Philip as notwithstanding that matters were in such forwardnesse as neither of the parties could go backe with honour and credit the Marshall neuerthelesse refused that allyance and went wholly backe from his former promises whereat the Earle of Lerin beeing extreamely enraged and beeing of a haughtie and proud spirit was fore reuenged by killing the Marshall as hee rode from Sanguessa to Villa-franca to speake with Don Iohn de Ribera the Earle hauing attended for him vpon the way as well for to chastise his lightnesse and inconstancie as for iealousie that hee had concerning the businesse that the Marshall went about in conferring with that Castillan doubting some treason as well towards himselfe as the kingdome like to that of Viana which he still remembred and could by no meanes forget In this manner the father and the sonne both of them Marshals of the Realme of Nauarre did perish by one self same hand in which Office Peter of Nauarre succeeded who was younger brother to Philip and the fourth of that family who had held the same dignitie The Constable Pedro de Peralta was at the same time out of the Realme who hauing with great labour obtayned absolution from the Pope for the murther committed on the person of Don Nicholas of Echauarri Bishop of Pampelona slaine by D. Pedro de Peralta Bishop of Pampelona did publikely acknowledge his fault in the cathedrall Church of Valencia and liued not long after leauing one onely daughter who was called Ioane of Peralta heire of his house who was wife to Don Troilo Carillo of Acugna sonne to the Arch-bishop of Toledo of whome we haue often spoken in this Historie This house of Peralta descended from the royall stocke of Nauarre and by the death of Pedro of Peralta the office and dignitie of Constable ended in that family the successors whereof were called Earles of Saint Steephen and great Chamberlaines to the Kings of Nauarre Lewis of Beaumont Earle of Lerin entring into that Office was afterward dispossessed thereof and the Constableship fell since to Don Alphonso grandchild to Pedro of Peralta the heires of whose house in processe of time were called Marquis of Falses Marquis of Falses a towne in Nauarre Ciuill warres spoyling after this manner the poore Kingdome of Nauarre the young Kings vncles returned into the Realme accompanied with diuers Lords and Knights of the King of Castiles Court who promised them that if by faire meanes they could not bring the Kings rebellious subiects to his obedience the which hee wished them in any case to trie that he would them furnish him with men munition and money for the warres these Lords being come to the towne of Tafalla they did forthwith assemble the generall Estates The Estates of Nauarre at Tafalla by vertue of a commission which they had from the King the Cardinall and Lord Iames of Foix promising free and sure accesse and safe conduct to all men The Deputies of the three Estates of the Kingdome being assembled and hauing vnderstood by the Cardinall the cause why they were come into Nauarre wherevnto were ioyned the French King Lewis the eleuenths letters which did exhort the Nauarrois to continue obedient to their King and to acknowledge and serue him as faithfull subiects ought to doe prouiding thereby for the welfare rest and quiet of their county they did all with one generall consent make answere that the Lords and people of Nauarre did neuer meane to forsake their obedience towards Francis Phoebus the young King whom they did acknowledge for their naturall and lawfull Prince but that on the contrary they had euer till now beene iealous and fearefull in regard of his youth and absence from the Realme least some stranger should haue made himselfe Maister thereof and therefore they did no lesse desire his comming then himselfe and they humbly besought him to make hast as a thing most necessary and if his comming had beene hindred by meanes of the ambition and tiranny of a few priuate persons they gaue him to vnderstand that it was to the great griefe of others and in no sort occasioned by common consent therefore they intreated him to come in a lucky hower seeing they were ready to receiue and honour him accordingly as it did become them The Cardinall and his brother vnderstanding so pleasing and desired an answer did forthwith write thereof to the young King Francis Phoebus and to King Fernand his great vncle And because whatsoeuer was done was to no purpose vnlesse those two great houses of the Earle of Lerin and the Marshall Don Pedro were reconciled the Cardinall did vse the best meanes hee could to make them friends but by reason of their inueterate quarrels hee found matter enough whereon to set his iudgement and industry a worke and also incredible resistance against his brothers authority and his owne Perseuerance ouer-commeth all difficulties so as diuers times they were in despaire of the matter neuerthelesse knowing that by perseuerance all difficulties are surmounted and that in such holy and laudable actions we ought to vse our best endeauors they laboured so earnestly therein as in the end they thought that they had wholy reconciled them And for a greater and more strict band of this alliance Feigned reconciliation betwixt the Earl of Lerin and the Marshall of Nauarre this assembly of the Estates beeing in the time of Lent the Cardinalls would needs haue the Constable and the Marshall to receiue the Sacrament together in an hostie parted betwixt them in the Monastery of St. Sebastian in Tafalla But as the heart of man is oftentimes different from the outward shew so this reconcilliation prooued but feigned and counterfeit for notwithstanding promises oths and all respect to Religion which are oftentimes but maskes to euill intents the Earle of Lerin thinking with these ceremonies to haue suffitiently secured his aduersary did determine to kill him vpon the first proffered occasion perswading himselfe that if he could dispatch this man as hee had done his father and brother in time before that then in Nauarre hee should haue no more great enemies left to make head against him Therefore vpon the very next day after their reconcilement which was good Friday Treachery of the Earle of Lerin against the Marshall he hauing intelligence that the Marshall rode from Tafalla towards Tudela or else to the Monastery of Oliua hee came with a great troupe vnder the hill of Agnorba and there lay in ambush intending to assaile him on the sodaine as hee should passe that way The Marshall who feared no such matter came riding in the company of the Earle of Saint Steuens the Constable of Peraltas successor with their traine and beeing
misfortune and as he seemed alwaies very religious he told him only that he should acknowledge Speech of the Xeriffe to the King of Fez. that this miserie had fallen vppon him for that hee did not raigne according vnto God neither had any care of his people For sayd he thou which art a King and shouldst instruct thy subiects in vertue and good manners why ghast thou suffered such abhominable vices to be ordinarily practised in that great Citty of Fez where as euery man is giuen to fraude violence dissolutenesse and drunkennes where as wine is openly sold in Tauernes contrarie to the law of Mahomet the Prophet Why hast thou not caused iustice to be administred and these excesses punished wherunto Hamet answered nothing but that Princes which dislike of vices and would correct them could not do it when as they meete with subiects bred vp in vice and accustomed to liue ill but hee layed before him the good which the Xeriffs had receyued in Fez and that if they were growne great it was by the assistance and meanes of Oataz Benemerines intreating him to remember it The Xeriffe put him in good hope but hee made him promise to perswade the Inhabitants of Fez to open him the gates and receiue him into the towne and with this intent he marched towards the great Cittie which be rather three citties one ioyning vnto another contayning as some report eightie thousand families full of rich men liuing voluptuously and beautified with rich and stately buildings both publike and priuate more than any other citie among the Mahumetists but whatsoeuer Hamets will was in this poynt they would not suffer the Xeriffe to enter for that Buaçon Lord of Velez the Kings kins-man beeing entred into it with the remainder of the defeated armie had caused Cazen sonne to the king of Fez to be proclaymed king vppon condition that if his father being set at libertie should returne he should yeeld vp the Realme vnto him The Xeriffe Mahomet seeing there was no meanes to force that great city and wanting victuals he returned in a rage and caused the heads of aboue two hundred of the citizens that were his prisoners to be cut off leading away king Hamet Muley Bacar with other prisoners of name in chains This was an admirable exploit for they say that the Xeriffe lost but one man in his whole armie but many were hurt and the number of the dead were small of the king of Fez his part this was in the yeare 1547. The dissention among the Princes which remayned in Fez gaue the xeriffe occasion to rayse a new army in the yeare following vnder the conduct of Mahomet Haran and Abdel el Cader his sons but this warre was soone ended for the Alfaguis who are esteemed wise men among the Moores did mediate a peace by the which king Hamet Oataz King of Fez set at libertie and his followers were set at liberty and there was giuen to the xeriffe Mahomet for the charge of the war the towne of Mequineuz which was great and well peopled containing about 8000. families being 12. leagues distant from Fez. And it was agreed that whensoeuer the xeriffe would enter into Fez he should haue the keies deliuered to him About 2. moneths after the kings deliuery the xeriffe meaning to make trial of the effect of his promise came neere vnto the Cittie with some small forces and sent to demaund the keyes The king of Fez knowing that he had no great troupe with him entertayned him some dayes in hope pretending that there was some dissention in the towne which hindred his entrie In the meane time he gathered his forces together and fell out vpon him forcing him to retire with the losse of some of his Knights whereat the Xeriffe beeing wonderfully mooued hee sent for his forces and came and lodged at Arras Elma two leagues from Fez where there is a great spring which makes the riuer that runs into the towne the which he blockt vp with forts well manned to cut off their victuals and to cause a mutinie Yet they endured this discommoditie almost two yeares In the end not able any longer to beare the want of many things which they needed they let the Xeriffe by night into the old towne by a breach which they suffered him to make the which Hamet Oataz who was in the new towne where the Kings pallace is did not perceiue vntill the next day morning and then hee came with a great troupe and charged them of Marroc furiously to expell them but he could not for the people did no way assist him but kept themselues close in their houses during the fight which was very cruell in all parts of the townes the one crying for the Xeriffe and the other for the Merins and the Cittizens with their wiues and children cryed out God saue him that shall giue vs peace and bread casting stones logges tyles and whatsoeuer they could get out at the windowes wherewith many were slaine or sore wounded and more of the Kings men then of others So as Muley Hamet and his men were forced to retire into new Fez and to abandon the old towne to the Xeriffe The next night Buaçon perswaded Muley Hamet to flie with him to Velez and to passe from thence into Spaine to craue ayde from the Emperour Charles but he would not beleeue him Wherefore Buaçon retired himselfe and the same night Muley Hamet sent foorth his mother whose name was Lela Mahabilo to the Xeriffe to craue a peace of him vppon what tearmes soeuer who casting her selfe prostrate before him Fez won by the Xeriffe Mahomet besought him to receiue the Realme and to giue him some corner of ground to entertaine him and his family wherewith the Xeriffe was very well satisfied commanding that Hamet should depart the same day and retire to Marroc carying with him his wiues children Iewels treasure mooueables and whatsoeuer hee would and that Cazer◠and Aben Nacer his sonnes should go to Tarudant with their families and goods promising to giue them good entertaynment The Xeriffe hauing seene among the Kings daughters one that pleased him hee married her thus the Xeriffe thought that he had conquered the Cittie and Realme of Fez but he could not yet enioy it quietly Hee was much incensed to heare that during the warre Muley Zidan his Nephew and his sonne-in-law had come to Fez and borne armes for his enemie This made him dislodge the Xeriffe Hamet from Tafilet and to confine him to Xiguret in Zahara in Lybia with Zidan and Nacer his sonnes retayning Buaçon and Mançor who were younger with him whom he afterwards married with two of his daughters The Lord of Dabuda called Muley Amar a Prince of the bloud of the Merins beeing summoned by the Xeriffe to come and do him homage hee durst not but leauing his house he retired with his family to Melille in Gared vpon the sea Buaçon Lord of Velez beeing fled from Fez as
beames did teare so as they looked hourely when the Oretoppe would fall and the ordnance sinke downe into the Keele Whereupon hee was forced to put backe to Plymouth where hee found a great part of the fleet There they repaired their shippes and the earle tooke another his owne being made vnseruiceable But they were kept in by continuall stormes and contrarie windes vntill their three monethes victuals was in a manner spent and the sicknesse growne great in the flie boats which carried the land armie Whereupon the Generall had order to discharge his land forces all but a thousand old souldiers which had beene drawne out of the Low Countries so as they were made vnable to land any forces at Farol After which there was a project made by the earle to send in certaine ships of fire and to bume the king of Spaines fleet as it should lye in the harbour without any daunger to the queenes ships Which counsell being allowed of at Court they put the second time to sea But some of good judgement in the fleet held this exploit vnfeasable they hauing not sufficient forces to performe it neither could they attempt it without apparent daunger as indeed it succeeded not for that the Saint Mathew one of the chiefe ships which should haue beene imployed in that action had lost her fore-mast and was put backe into England as they pretended So as hauing no meanes to doe any seruice vpon the fleet at Farol they concluded for the intercepting of the Indian fleet and defeating of the Adelantado if he did put to sea for there was no meanes to take in the island of Tercera their land forces being discharged Whereupon they shaped their course for the islands where they layed wait for the Indian fleet but they escaped them and got into Tercera road What the reasons of the missing of this Indian fleet were and what was else done at the islands by this armie I leaue to an ample relation of him who was an eye witnesse and did well obserue it And so hauing failed in all their designes this fleet returned home into England The Spaniards did in like manner arme Spaniards preparation at sea There was the regiment of Alexander de Monti consisting of 15 companies imbarked at Naples the which had like to haue beene cast away in a storme vpon the coast of Romania In the end they came to Genoua and there joyned with the troupes of Gambalaita all which were transported into Spaine in Dorias gallies passing from Barcelona to Cadiz where a part of the fleet lay there they imbarked their land forces in certaine galleons being six thousand Italians going towards the Groine with an intent being joyned with the Adelantado and the rest of the fleet to make some attempt vpon England But on the eight of September they had so cruell a storme as they were scattered from their Admirall and in exceeding great daunger whereof some were cast away A galleon wherein Alexander de Monti was and some of his companies hauing lost her maine mast was driuen to the Canaries and after that to the coast of Africke hauing lost his pilot with most of his mariners there he ran her on ground and recouered Mazagon where he furnished himselfe of all that hee wanted and then he past towards the strait meeting with an English ship which fought long with him but in the end he tooke her Then joyning with D. Pedro de Toledo with some other vessels they scoured the coast of Barbarie securing the coasts of Spaine and in the end they came to winter in Saint Marie port The rest of this Spanish fleet after this cruell storme for the most part recouered Farol Thus both fleets this yeare without any fruits put themselues to the hazard of the sea and receiued great losses The warres hauing continued long betwixt France and Spaine Mediation for a peace betwixt France and Spaine many princes desired to see the miseries of Christendome at an end Pope Clement the eight as much affecting this generall peace as any of his predecessors considering the great miseries which the diuisions of the French and Spaniards did cause and that the Turke made his profit thereof and had incroached farre into Christendome hee resolued to reconcile these two kings of Spaine and France Father Bonauâ—enture Calatagirone a Siâ—ilian borne Generall of the Franciscanes and who afterwards was made Patriarke of Constantinople was sent by him into Spaine vnder colour to visit the Conuents of his Order but in effect it was to sound king Philip whether he had any inclination to a peace with France where hee found all things well disposed and the Spaniards desirous to change the doubtfull euents of a troublesome warre with the assured and more profitable effects of peace his old age his son young whom he desired to marie and to leaue him his Estates quiet his eldest daughter to whom he would giue the Low Counties marying her to cardinall Albert of Austria who like new Lords should haue need of the loue and good neighbourhood of a French king 1698 the French being vnited and their ciuile warres ended they were likely to transport the warre into his countries hauing taken Amiens by force euen in view of his armie All these considerations made the king of Spaine incline to a peace not onely with the French but with the Queene of England and the vnited Prouinces of the Netherlands Calatagirone being returned to Rome assured the Pope that hee had found a disposition and desire of peace in king Philip and that he was wearie of the warres So the Pope continuing in this good desire sent this Franciscan into France to persuade the king to peace and friendship with the king of Spaine Alexander cardinall of Florence his Holinesse Legat in France vnderstanding the Popes pleasure together with Calatagirone persuaded the king to yeeld vnto a peace And on the other side by the exhortations of the Patriarke Caietan his Holinesse Nuntio at Madrid the king of Spaine referred the whole treatie of the said peace to his nephew cardinall Albert. Whilest that Calatagirone went to Brussels to solicite the cardinall to send the deputies to Veruins the French king aduertised all his allies to the end they might be comprehended in this accord with the Spaniard if they thought good The queene of England who had more annoyed the Spaniard than all the princes of Christendome refused to be comprehended in the accord and so did the Estates of the vnited Prouinces who sent their embassadours to the French king to dissuade him from a peace with the Spaniard The king of Spaine did greatly desire a peace with them and sought it by the meanes of his kinsmen and allies who at his request sent their embassadours to that end into England Queene of England Estates of the Low Countries refuse a peace with the Spaniard and the vnited Prouinces but without effect The king of Spaine hearing of all their aunswers and
was vpon the assurance of a goodly armie which he had and if they would see it to make a more certaine report vnto their men he would suffer them commaunding some captaines to cause them all to arme and to make them march and skirmish together These deputies reported vnto their people what they had seene which diuerted them from sending any succours to the towne besieged The inhabitants whereof seeing themselues abandoned yeelded paying the value of 62000 crownes and gaue fortie knights of the noblest among them not in shew as hostages for they put them among their bands to carrie armes although in effect they were as pawnes of their promises and accords From thence Gracchus led his armie to Alce a town whereas the Celtiberians who had sent the ten deputies vnto him were camped against whom for some dayes he sent his light horsmen to tire them with light skirmishes euen within their gards sending more men daily to the end he might draw them out of their trenches to battell The which succeeding according to his desire hee commaunded the Generall of the allies to begin the fight and that presently turning their backes and making shew to bee oppressed with multitudes they should returne with all speed towards the campe He in the meane time put his armie in battell within the rampars neere vnto euerie gate and suddenly when he saw his men turne head towards the campe flying as he had commanded them and the enemie following with no lesse speed hauing retired his men he drew forth his armie by all those ports with great cries so as the enemies could not make any resistance and it happened that those which came running to take the Romanes campe Gracchus victorie against the Celtiberians could not defend their owne for presently they were repulsed put to rout and beaten into their palisadoes where they were soone after forced There were nine thousand slaine that day vpon the place three hundred prisoners 112 horses of seruice and 37 ensignes woon On the Romanes side there died but 109 men After this defeat Gracchus led the legions to spoyle the countrey of the Celtiberians wasting and carrying all away Wherefore many either for feare or otherwise forced yeelded vnto him so as in few dayes he reduced vnder the Romanes obedience one hundred and thirteene townes Some of the antient said these 113 townâ— were but farmes or doueâ—â—ouses to eclips the glorie of Gracchus and tooke great spoyles From thence hee returned againe towards Alce and began to assaile it The inhabitants endured the first assault but afterwards seeing them prepare their engines to batter it distrusting in their owne strength they retired all into the castle the which yeelded soone after submitting themselues to Gracchus his mercie The spoyle was great and many noblemen and of good houses were taken prisoners among the which there was a sonne and a daughter of Thurtus who was the greatest nobleman of the countrey Thurtus a pettie Spanish king lord of Alce and to whom the place belonged Hearing what was happened he came with a safe-conduct into the armie to Gracchus of whom he demanded life both for himselfe and his whereof Gracchus assured him Then he desired to be admitted to carrie armes with the Romanes the which was granted him and from that time he shewed himselfe faithfull and valiant in their seruice and did greatly aduance the Romane affaires in Spaine Ergauica a mightie and famous towne being amazed with the miseries and ruines of her neighbours opened the gates to the Roman armie Some write that these yeeldings were not done faithfully and that as soone as the legions were gone they entred into rebellion so as the Pretor had two encounters with the Celtiberians Caunus â—â—ount Caâ—o at this day the one neere vnto mount Caunus where the fight continued six houres with great slaughter on either side neither partie confessing himselfe to be vanquished The second time which was the third day after the Romans had an assured victorie where there were 22000 of the enemies slaine vpon the place and 300 prisoners and as many horses and 72 ensignes taken By which defeat the war was ended in that countrey and the Celtiberians demaunded peace the which they did faithfully entertain for a time without rebelling They write that L. Posthumius had at the same time woon two battles of the Vaccens others say of the Brecaires which are betwixt Minio and Duero and had slaine 35000 of the enemies and tooke their campe At Rome M. Iunius Brutus A. Manlius Volso being chosen consuls Ann. Romae 575 M. Titinius T. Fonteius Capito were created Pretors gouernors of Spain Titinius had that part which was neerest vnto Gaule and Capito the Westerne part and then Sempronius Gracchus and L. Posthumius came to Rome who had the honour of a triumph granted them for that they had gouerned the affaires of the commonweale wisely and valiantly Gracchus entred first in triumph for the Celtiberians bringing into the treasurie fortie thousand pounds weight in siluer His companion entred some dayes after triumphing for the Lusitanians and other neighbour people who also brought twentie thousand pounds To euerie one of the souldiours was giuen fiue and twentie deniers which is worth two crownes and a halfe to the centeniers double and to the horsemen treble as much and to the souldiours of their allies as much as to them of Rome Spaine tyred with warre was quiet during the gouernment of the new Pretors who continued there two yeares The third yeare Cn. Corn. Scipio Hispalus Anno 577. and Q. Petilius Spurrinus being Consuls M. Corn. Scipio Maluginensis The new Pretors refuse their charge in Spainâ— and P. Licinius Crassus were chosen Pretors in Spaine Crassus had the hither Spaine and Scipio the further but either of them pretended excuses not to go and therefore Titinius and Fonteius were continued in the gouernment as vice-Pretors to whom there was appointed to fill vp their armies three thousand foot citizens of Rome and two hundred horse and fiue thousand Latins of their allies with three hundred horse yet there is no mention of any tumult in Spaine during their abode nor after they were changed vntill the Consulship of Sp. Posthumius and Q. Mutius which was two yeres after in the which the gouernment of the hither Spaine fell to P. Furius Philo Anno Rome 579 and the further to Cn. Seruilius Cepio We read that whilest these Pretors prepared themselues to go into their prouinces the Celtiberians being in armes App. Claudius Cento who was vice-Pretor there gaue them a great defeat so as they were forced to submit themselues vnto the yoke They began their rebellion by a sudden assault which they came to giue vnto the Romanes campe at the breake of day Being discouered by the centinels they cried to armes so as the souldiors were presently armed and readie to sallie forth as they did by the ports but the Celtiberians
Eylo or Zethon whom we had confined into Ouiedo in the beginning of the raigne of this Alphonso who being made earle or gouernour of Biscaie by the kings bountie would rebell as his brother had done Rebellion of the gouernor of Biscate forcing the king to send an armie against him by the which he was vanquished taken and led to Ouiedo where he ended his dayes in prison This Zeno left two daughters the one called Theude was maried according vnto some to D. Inigo Arista king of Nauarre and the other D. Iniga to the infant D. Suria of whom we shall hereafter speake This was in the yeare 856. All this time and to the yeare 859 Moores Anno 859. there had beene a suspension of armes betwixt king D. Alphonso and the Moores but that yeare king Mahumet went to armes and came and besieged the towne of Coimbra belonging now to Portugal but D. Alphonso forced him to raise his siege and not content therewith entred into the Moores countrey wasted it and returned with great spoyles continuing euerie yeare to annoy them in such sort as they were constrained to accept of a truce for three yeares with the preiudice of their reputations and great disaduantage in their iurisdictions Then there raigned in Sarragosse a Moore called Aben Alfaie The rest of Mahumets raigne vnto his death was spent in voluptuous lust and idlenesse In his time there was a great earthquake in Spaine and a little before his death lightening entring into the Mosquee where he was slew two Noblemen Moores neere vnto him D. Garcia Inigues third of that name and seuenth King of Nauarre 37 About the yeare 867 Nauarre and Arragon vnited as some Authors write died D. Inigo Arista king of Nauarre to whom succeeded D. Garcia Inigues his sonne the third of that name who vnited the countrey of Arragon to Nauarre by marying with D. Vrraca daughter to D. Fortun the last earle or of D. Endregot Galinde of the same house and familie of Arragon He had two sons by this Ladie D. Fortun and D. Sancho Abarca and one daughter called D. Sanctiua or Sancha They write this fable of D. Sancho That the king going inconsiderately with his queene through the mountaines of Nauarre he was surprised by certaine Moores and slaine and the queene ouerthrowne being thrust into the bellie with a Moores launce at such time as she was great with this D. Sancho Some houres after a knight whom they called D. Sancho of Gueuara passing that way met with this pitifull spectacle and saw that the child had thrust forth a hand by the mothers wound and had laboured to come forth there wherefore this knight lighting from his horse made the wound greater so as he drew forth this infant aliue without any harme then he carried it to his house with good witnesses where he caused it to be nourished according to his degree vntill he grew great and then he presented him to the Estates of the realme and made him be acknowledged for their lawfull king But as we say it is like to be a fable and hath no great authoritie yet they say that the surname of Ladron which is peculiar to the house of Gueuara came for that this knight did secretly nourish the infant D. Sancho D. Sanctiua the daughter was maried to king Ordogno the second sonne to Alphonso the great 38 They hold opinion Biscaie That the lords of Biscaie had their beginning at this time in D. Suria whose posteritie was famous for many yeares for after that D. Zeno had beene vanquished and led prisoner as we haue said the Biscaines seeing themselues without a head fell to mutinies and seditions Thither was sent D. Ordogno sonne to king D. Alphonso whom they called Earle of Asturies who began to ouerrun and spoyle the countrey The townes and comminalties assembled to make head against him chusing D. Suria for their captaine who was descended from the bloud royall of Scotland by his mother and had maried a daughter of Cont Zenos called D. Iniga but at that time deceased The forces of either part came to fight in a place called then Padura The battell was sharpe and cruell and for that the whole countrey did swim with bloud the place was from that time called Arrigoriaga which in the countrey language signifies a vermilion stone The Biscaines with the aid and by the valour of D. Sancho Estiguis Lord of Durando who ended his dayes in this battell won it which was in the yeare 870. After this victorie the Biscaines chose D. Suria for their Lord as well for that he was sonne in law to their last Earle and gouernour Zeno by his daughter notwithstanding we doe not read that he had any children as for the valour and good conduct they had seene in him in this warre This D. Suria did presently after marie the daughter of D. Sancho Estiguis in whose right he got the Seigniorie of Durando which was vnited vnto Biscaie whose posteritie did enjoy those lands vntill the time of D. Henrie the second of that name king of Castille and Leon. The linage of D. Suria was called de Haro Castille the old had also an Earle called D. Diego Porcello 39 Mahumet Miralmumin of Cordoua Moores Anno 874. hauing liued some time in peace by reason of the last truce made with the Christians died in the yeare 874 leauing 54 children by his wiues whereof 34 were males and 20 females He had held the kingdome 35 yeares and his death was in the 257 yeare of the Arabians raigne Almundir sixt king of the Moores at Cordoua His sonne Almundir succeeded him who liue but two yeares hauing done nothing worthie of memorie against whom they of Cordoua rebelled notwithstanding that he offered to free them of the tenth part of their tribute which they paid He left six sonnes and seuen daughters Such was the estate of Spaine in the time of king D. Alphonso who had to wife a Ladie of the bloud royall of France called Ameline Ouiedo but they changed her name to D. Ximena by whom he had foure sonnes D. Garcia D. Ordogno D. Fruela who raigned and D. Gonsalo the Archdeacon This king in his later dayes gaue himselfe wholly to workes of pietie building of churches and monasteries indowing them with rents and great reuenewes and adorning them with iewels vessels of gold and siluer and precious ornaments according to the ceremonies brought in and maintained in the Church In the yeare 877 the church of S. Iaques was consecrated at the instance of this king and by the authoritie of Pope Iohn the eighth where many Bishops were present And it is to be noted that in those dayes the citie of Ouiedo was full of Bishops without any flockes for they did chuse Bishops of townes that were in the Moores possession keeping an account of their succssion Ouiedo the towne of Bishops all which did liue in Ouiedo and therfore it was called the
gouernors of Castille murthered where some dayes after without any formall proceeding he caused them to be murthered in the prison D. Diego Porcello as some thinke was of this number D. Nugno Bellides maried his daughter D. Sulla of whom were borne two sonnes D. Nugno Nugnez Razura D. Diego Porcello the stemme of the princes of Castille grandfather to the earle D. Fernand Gonsales and the other was Iustus Gonsales grandfather to the Lord of Lara A yeare after this tyranous action the king D. Ordogno died according to the common opinion in the yeare of our saluation 897 but according to the letters and titles of donation of the abbeyes and churches of Spaine he liued in the yeare 919 as Garibay saith who hath made a diligent search Of the authoritie and truth of which charters we may iustly doubt This king raigned eight yeares and was buried at Leon in the new Cathedrall church of Saint Marie the great the first of those kings which had beene interred at Leon. D. Froila second of that name and 15 King of Ouiedo and Leon. 48 AFter the death of D. Ordogno An. 897. the realme was held by his brother D. Froila who vsurped it from his nephewes D. Alphonso and D. Ramir sonnes to the deceased He is not put in the catalogue of the kings of Ouiedo it may be by reason of the shortnesse of his raigne or in detestation of his cruelties which purchased him the surname of Cruell or for some other considerations Genealogie of Ouiedo and Leon. He had maried a ladie called D. Munina or D. Nugna by whom he had three sonnes D. Alphonso D. Ordogno and D. Ramir and by a concubine a bastard called D. Fruela Of this bastard issued D. Pelagius called the Deacon who maried D. Aldonsa grand child to D. Bermund the Goutie whereof we will make mention King D. Fruela was a tyrant Tyrants alwaies feareful suspitious and cruelt and therefore fearefull and suspitious so as he vsed great crueltie against the noblest personages in Spaine he put some to death banished many and afflicted euerie estate Among the rest he put to death the children of a noble knight called D. Olmunde or Dimunde banished D. Frominio their brother who was Bishop of Leon and committed many other such outrages yet couered with the cloke of iustice as tyrants doe vsually 49 The people of Castille incensed at the crueltie vsed against their earles by D. Ordogno rebelled against the Crowne of Ouiedo and Leon Change of the Estate of Castille and made an Estate apart chusing two Gouernors or Iudges among them whereof the one should haue charge of the war Iudges chosen in Castille and the other should take knowledge of ciuile causes These were Nugno Razura and Flauin Caluo his sonne in law Nugno Razura was sonne to Nugno Bellides a German knight who they say was the first founder of the citie of Burgos so called by him of a German word signifying a habitation of people This knight comming into Spaine vpon deuotion to visit S. Iaques sepulchre was there maried to D. Sulla daughter to D. Diego Porcello and had by her this D. Nugno Razura a knight who was wise valiant and much esteemed by reason of his modestie He had one sonne and one daughter by his wife D. Gonsalo Nugnes and D. Eluira Nugnes or else D. Theresa Nugnes surnamed Bella either for that she was exceeding faire or to seeme to be so for the custome of the auncient was to giue their children pleasing names and surnames thinking they should thereby purchase fauour with men and that a goodly name gaue some marke or impression to the person conformable to that which it did signifie This ladie D. Bella was maried by her father to Flauin Caluo a knight of Castille lord of Biuar by whom descended by fiue degrees Cid Ruys Diaz who was a wise and valiant knight By these two Castille was gouerned without opposition for that the king D. Fruela being hated and ill obeyed by reason of his tyranie and tormented with continuall distrust being also growne a leaper could not bring any armie against them Wherefore this manner of gouernement was setled among the Castillans and the countrey was dismembred from the Crowne of Ouiedo for a time and the riuer of Pisorga diuided Castille the old from the kingdome of Leon. D. Nugnes determined of ciuile causes with great equitie and iustice Flauin Caluo managed matters of state and warre Mention is made in certain priuiledges giuen by the first kings of Castille to certain towns of that countrey of a volume of the Castillian Lawes according to the which iustice should be administred called the booke of Iudges the which was of great authoritie vnto the time of king D. Alphonso the Wise sonne to D. Fernand the third that the Lawes of the seuen parties were brought in according to the which this realme was afterwards gouerned King D. Fruela Ouiedo and Leon. without rest among his subiects without warre against the Moores and Infidels without honour in any of his actions and without health in his person infected with leprosie raigned onely foureteene monethes and was interred at Leon in the chiefe church in the yeare 898 according to the common opinion but there are letters in the treasurie of Saint Iaques of a donation of twelue miles of ground to this church made by this king dated the 28 of Iune 924 which Garibay saith he hath seene ⧠THE SEVENTH BOOKE OF the Historie of Spaine The Contents of the seuenth Booke 1 D Sancho Abarca second of that name and ninth king of Nauarre 2 D. Alphonso fourth of that name and 16 king of Ouiedo and Leon. 3 D. Ramir second of that name and 17 king of Leon leauing the title of Ouiedo 4 D. Gonsal Nugnes Iudge of Castille his vertues 5 D Fernand Gonsales first earle proprietarie of Castille 6 D. Mir second proprietarie earle of Barcelone 7 D. Ordogno third of that name and 18 king of Leon. 8 D. Garcia Sanches fourth of that name and 10 king of Nauarre 9 D. Seniofrid third earle of Barcelone sonne to D. Mir. 10 D. Sancho first of that name and 19 king of Leon called the Fat. 11 Hali Hatan ninth Souer aigne king of the Arabians or Moores in Spaine 12 D. Ramir third of that name and 20 king of Leon. 13 D. Garcia Fernandes second proprietarie earle of Castille 14 Hizen second of that name and 10 king of the Moores at Cordoua 15 D. Bermund second of that name 21 king of Leon from whom the citie of Leon was taken by the Moores 16 D. Sancho third of that name and 11 king of Nauarre 17 D. Borel fourth proprietarie earle of Barcelone 18 D. Alphonso fift of that name and 22 king of Leon. 19 D. Sancho Garcia third earle of Castille 20 D. Raymond Borel fift earle of Barcelone 21 Decay of the Moores power in Spaine by their ciuile dissentions 22
who was bishop of Zamora and besides a Limosin called Bourdin who was Arch-deacon of Toledo and afterwards Bishop of Coimbra and successiuely Arch-bishop of Braga but this Bourdin became a Iudas to the church of Rome and would haue made himselfe Pope against Calixtus the second which caused a great scisme All this seed the Archbishop of Toledo brought out of France into Spaine at his returne from Rome furnished Spaine with these Prelats in recompence of the vow which he did not performe to goe to the holy war and moreouer he re-built churches and other apparent places in the towne of Tarragone with the money which was prepared for his voiage and there established Berenger Archbishop hauing beene Bishop of Viâ—d Ausone leauing the temporalty of that towne to Raymond Arnould Earle of Barcelone This Prince was left young at the death of his father Barcelone who had beene cruelly murthered by his owne brother desirous to rule alone in Cattelogne He was much troubled with diuisions and factions betwixt the Noblemen of the country and was spoiled of Carcassone and other Lands which he had in France by tirants as it happens often during the minority of the Prince or Lord. His mother the Contesse Almodia a widow gaue ouerâ—al gouernment and professed herselfe a Nunne in the conuent of Saint Daniel of Girone so as hee remained in the hands of Armingol Earle of Vâ—gel the Earle of Cerdagne and some other of his bloud who beeing imploied against the Moores got for themfelues and did not much attend the good of their pupil yet did he grow both in vertue and valour Cont Armingol died in the yeere of our Lord 1092. and D. Guillen Iordain of Cerdagne went to the warre of Syria with Godefrey of Bouillon where beeing dead and soone after his brother D. Bernard Guillen his successor leauing no heires of their bodie the Earle D. Raymond Arnould as neerest allied did inherit the Earledâ—me God the Trotector of pupils whom God did so fauour as the Barnard of Aton who had vsurped Caâ—cassone was growne so hatefull to them of the country as they chased him away and deliuered the towne to D. Raymond Arnould their naturall Lord. So he not onely recouered that which they had taken from him but also augmented his Estates and Siegneuries with the towne of Tarragone and the county of Cordagne We haue sayd before that he was in a certaine incounter against Cid Ruis Diaz during the warres betwixt Valencia and Denia and that hee was repulsed and vanquished by hiâ— but became afterwards good friends after that Cid had taken Valencia about the yeere of our Lord 1096. To returne to which conquest Castille we will say that Cid did presently send to King D. Alphonso his Lord a hundred goodly horses richly furnished with other great presents who being in Palenza receiued them with great contentment He sent other presents to D. Ximena his wife whom with his two daughters D. Eluira and D. Sol he caused to come to Valencia with the leaue of King D. Alphonso The Almorauides of Affrike staied not long before they past the seas to defend their new conquest in Spaine and came into the country of Valencia with a great power but they were repulsed by Cid with great losse and dishonour of the spoiles of which victories Cid sent two hundred horses vnto his King richly furnished and at euery saddle did hang a sword of great value The King D. Alphonso was at that time at Vailledolit in Castille who receiued this present gratiously Marriage of the daughters of Cid Ruis Diae There beganne the treaty of marriage for the daughters of Cid with D. Diego and D. Fernand Gonçales sonnes to D. Gonçala Lord of Cartion for the effecting whereof the King Cid and the parties came to Requegna whether the King brought the two young Noblemen to whom Cid promised his daughters and afterwards the marriages were celebrated at Valencia with great pompe But in the end of this feast there happened an accident which did much trouble these two houses so inconstant and short are humaine pleasures and the councels and iudgements of God inscrutable There was a Lyon bred vp in Cids house the which by the negligence of the Gouernor or otherwise getting loose came into the hall where there was a great assembly of Noblemen and Ladies with the married coples and strooke a great terror among them where as aboue all others the two Gonçales newly married shewed themselues faint hearted cowards whereat they were ashamed seeing themselues lesse esteemed both by their father in law and by the other knights there present Cowardlinesse of Cids sonnes in law From that time they conceiued a mortal hatred against Cid thinking that this Lyon had â—eene let loose by his commandment to try them and feare them so as they resolued to be reuenged vpon the first occasion This was no vaine argument of their basenesse seeing a Lyon vpon the sodaine although that an vnexpected accident might amaze the most hardy being an ordinary thing in nature to be moued at sodaine things for soone after they gaue a more ample testimony of their want of courage in a battaile against the Moores who were come against Valencia where they carried themselues basely yet by the wisdome and valour of Cid these Infidels were vanquished After al this these two base Knights would carry their wiues home to their houses but hauing their hearts full of poison and fearing they should not be able to hurt their father in law they reuenged themselues in humainly vpon their innocent wiues and intreated them so il before they came to Carrion as they left them for dead vpon the way at a place called Robledos de Corpes neere to Berlanga where these poore Ladies beeing cherished by the good people of the country they had meanes to aduertise Cid their father of their misery The messenger whom they sent was incountred by Cids men going to the King D. Alphonso with foure score horses and other rich presents of the spoiles of the last victory obtained against the Moores Complaint was made by them vnto the King of this villanous act committed by the sonnes of the Lord of Carrion against their wiues wherevpon the King assembled the Noblemen and Knights of the country of Toledo and kept a court whereas Cid appeered hauing retired his daughters to Valencia and Iudges were appointed to doe right vnto the parties Reparation of â—imes by combate vpon so great a controuersie among the which D. Raymond of Bourgongne the Kings sonne in law was one Their sentence was that their question should bee decided by armes betwixt Knights chosen of either part such was the Iustice in those daies among Nobles a custome which is not lost amongst Christians at this day The campe where they should fight was chosen in the towne of Carrion whereas there appered Pedro Bermudes Martin Antolines and Nugno Gustos Knights for Cid who
vanquished the two sonnes of Carrion with their vncle a partifa of their villany called Suero Gonçales who were proclaimed infamous and traitors and degraded of al honor and title of nobility These two Ladies were afterwards happely married into the house of Nauarre that is D. Eluira to D. Ramires sonne to the King D. Sancho Garcia and D. Sol to the sonne of D. Pedro then raigning in Nauarre and Arragon called also D. Pedro who died before his father After these last marriages Cid growne old did nothing that was memorable He setled the Estate of Valencia as well as he could with the aide of the Princes of Nauarre and Arragon his allyes And the better to assure it he chased away diuers families of the Moores which were suspected vnto him A captaine of the Moores who was also a Doctor of the law of Mahumet Alfaraâ—i a great Doctor of the Mahumetists bâ—ptized called Alfaraxi a great friend to Cid tooke vpon him the Christian religion being held a man of great valour and Iudgement The authors place the death of Cid Ruis Dias of Biuar in the yeere 1098. the towne of Valencia beeing anoyed by the Moores which held their campe about it yet notwithstanding they say that the widow accoÌ„panied with D. Ierosme the Bishop went out of the towne conducting her husbands body to bury it at Saint Pedro de Cerdegna where it was laied Death of Cid Ruis of Biuar the Monkes of that place at this day shew many iewells and other things which they say had beene giuen by that great captaine to their Monastery After his death the Christians which were at Valencia fearing they should not bee able to resist the forces of the Moores Almorauides abandoned the towne which came into the Inâ—idels power againe and so continued 140. yeeres D. Pedro the first of that name the seuenteenth King of Nauarre and the third of Arragon 19. IN the meane time by the decease of D. Sancho Ramires Nauarre and Arragon the crowne of Nauarre and Arragon was come to D. Pedro the first of that name in the yeere 1094. who had raigned nine yeeres in Sobrarbre and Ribagorca At his comming hee swore to maintaine the lawes preuiledges of the country and intitled himselfe King of Pampelone and Arragon He continued the â—eege of Huesca the which was long and difficult by reason of the strength of the place and the resistance of the Inhabitants assisted by Almocaben King of Sarragosse and other Moores and also by some Christians of which number were D. Garcia Earle of Cabra and D. Gonçales vassals to the King of Castille A great defeat of Moores and the taking of Huesâ—â— These beeing come to succor Huesca with a mighty army in the yeere 1096. thinking to raise the seege had a battane in the fields called Alcoraz with the Nauarrois and Arâ—agonois who wonne it killing aboue 30000. Moores the rest were wholy put to rout and flight so as the towne despayring of al succors yeelded to D. Pedro King of Nauarre and Arragon Here they forge the ancient armes of Arragon vpon a vision which the Spanish writers say had appeered to many Arragonois during the combat that is Saint George on horse-backe with a shield of steele and a crosse gueules fighting for the Christians and that after the defeat there were foure heads of the chiefe Princes of the Moores found The armes of Arragon wherevpon they say that D. Pedro the King tooke for the armes of Arragon a crosse gueuls in a field argent betwixt foure Moores heads of the same collour In this battaile of Alcoraz were renouned for their vertue and prowesse Gaston Biâ—l the stemme of the family of Cornels Federic Atrocillo Lopes Ferencio de Luna Gomes de Luna Fortun Maza Simon Aznar Oteicia Sancho Pegna Knights of Arragon Huesca being taken the great Mosquee was presently dedicated for a Cathedral church and the Episcopal Sea of Iacca was transsated thether as it had beene in times past There were Christians Musarabes found within the towne who had liued there during the Moores Empire alwaies in liberty of their religion saying their seruice in Saint Peters church The King D. Pedro indowed this Cathedrall church of Huesca with great reuenues and inuited by great preuiledges men to come from al parts to inhabit it This D. Pedro during the life time of D. Sancho his father was married to an Italian Lady called by some Bertha by others Ygnes so as it is vncertaine whether hee had one wife Gâ—ncalogy of Nauarre to whom these names are attributed or that he were twice married Hee had by his wife one sonne called also D. Pedro and a daughter named D. Isabel both which died before the father The Infant D. Pedro was married to D. Sol the second daughter of Cid Ruis Diaz As for D. Eluira the other daughter of Cid shee had by her husband D. Ramir Sanches sonne to the King D. Sancho Garcia one sonne called D. Garcia Ramires who was Lord of Corrada and one daughter D. Eluira Ramires the which was married in Castille to D. Rodrigo Gomes sonne to D. Gomes Earle of Candespina and Gormas By these alliances the house of Nauarre and Arragon beeing fauorable to Cid Ruis Diaz who held Valencia he had often aide and support against the Moores both of men and money from the Princes thereof After the taking of Huesca the King D. Pedro put in garrison there D. Fortun Garces de Biel D. Ferris de Liçana and D. Pedro de Vergas hee tooke a strong castle nere to Bolea called Calafanzo and he with the other Christian Princes had done greater exploits if there had beene more faith and better correspondency amongst them yea more zeale and good religion but euery one seeking to make his house great and to that end crossing one an other the Moores power increased by the vnion which they had made of Spaine and Affrike It was at that time when as the warres in the East were most hot and that all the Princes Noblemen and Gentlemen which bare armes in France Germany Italy and England yea and in Spaine burned with desire to goe this voyage Forgetting their countries affaires and families to ingage themselues in this enterprise So as it is no wonder if the Moores Estate beeing in a manner troden vnder foote in the West by their seditions and factions hauing found support of the Myralmumins of Affrike at such time when as euery man did runne to the conquest of the East were restored by the Almorauides At this time the secular Lords or Lay men Tithes granted tolay men fitted themselues with the reuenues of the church and with titles throughout all Europe Pope Vrbain hauing granted his Bulles to Christian Princes and Potentats according vnto those of Pope Gregory the 7. giuen at Saint Iean de Latran in the yeere 1073. who did not grant it but vnto Kings in those Lands where they should build churches But Pope
him fiue little shields Azure representing the Standards of those fiuekings which he had vanquiished in a great scutchon argent placing the small scutchions like a crosse through deuotion in signe of our Sauiours fiue wounds vpon the crosse adding moreouer to euery one of them fiue deniers argent which make in all 25. the which with the fiue scutchons made the number of thirty representing in some sort the thirty pence which Iudas receiued to betray his Master our Lord and Sauiour Iesus Christ it is the allegory and spirituall interpretation of the armes of Portugal to the which was since added a border gueules charged with castles or in the time of D. Sancho the second of that name King of Portugal for some causes which we will hereafter specefie After the defeat of these fiue Arabian Kings who you must vnderstand were vassals to Alboxli Aben-Teâ—in the great Miralmumin of Affrike King D. Alphonso returned with his victorious and rich army to Coimbra being then the chiefe city of his Estate In this happie successe of his affaires Prâ—â—â—iscs 〈◊〉 the Countesse of Portugal against her son D. Theresa his mother beeing a prisoner sought to crosse him treating with D. Alphonso King or Emperour of Castille for her deliuery and restitution and moreouer by her instruments shee made great complaintes at Rome to Pope Innocent the third accusing her son of cruelty and impiety so as the Pope sent the Bishop of Coimbra into Portugal beeing then at Rome with charge to enioyne the King by the Apostolike authority and in his name to set the Countesse at liberty which the sonne refusing to obay the Bishop did interdict the citty of Coimbra and returned to Rome stealing away secretly in the morning without the Kings priuity wherewith beeing incensed hee would haue forced the Chapter to proceed to the Election of a new Bishop wherein hee was not obayed so as hee committed many outrages wherepon the Pope sent a Caradinall Legat vnto him to correct him but hee lost his time for the Countesse continued still in prison beeing very expedient and necessary for the good and quiet of the country For this the Cardinal did interdict all Portugal and then tooke his way towards Rome but hee was pursued by the King who did greatly feare these interdictions and hauing ouertaken him betwixt Coimbra and Vera neere vnto the Comanderie of Poyares hee forced him to disanul this interdiction and moreouer to graâ—t him whatsoeuer hee desired partly by force and threats and partly by perswasions Whilest hee was in this debate with the Church Ismael or Ismar who had beene vanquished came vpon the towne of Leyra Leyrataken by the Moores belonging to the Monkes of Saint Croix of Coimbra the which for that it was ill garded by a Knight called Payo Guttieres who was there in garrison for the Pior fell againe into the Moores power whereof the Abbot being aduertised leauing his frocke and monkes weed hee went to horse-backe with a good troupe of souldiars where hauing spoiled the Moores country hee seized vpon Ronches soone after King D. Alphonso Henriques came and laied siege to Leyra and tooke it since which time he depriued the Monkes of the Temporality of this place and of Ronches also leauing them only the profits of the spiritualty The warre betwixt Nauarre and Arragon was hot at this time Nauarre but D. Raymond Prince of Arragon found himselfe troubled not only against the Moores which were neighbors to Arragon and Cattelogne from whom hee tooke Chalamera and Alcolea vpon the riuer of Cinca in the yeere 1143. but also against some knights of Prouince which were enemies to D. Berenger Raymond his brother An. 1143. hauing seized vpon some places and beene the cause of great troubles so as hee was forced to goe himselfe in person wherefore his country was much anoyed by the Nauarrois who finding all assured towards Castille did what they listed yet at his returne hee had some final reuenge and tooke the fort of Sos. The peace betwixt the Castillans and Nauarre Confirmation of the peace betwixt Naurre and Castille being setled and entertained it was againe fortified by the marriage of the King D Garcia Ramires with D. Vrraca bastaâ—d daughter to the Emperour D. Alphonso by whom hee had the Infanta D. Sancha aboue mentionedâ— and wee must not doubt but that which some haue left written of this Kings third marriage with the daughter of D. Lope Dias de Haro is a mere fiction It is likely the towne of Haro was built at that time where of the Lords of Biscay and there successors carried the name from whence are descended many worthy knights and great personages in Castille and Leon. The realme of Nauarre at that time had larger bounds then it had since hauing no means to augment them vpon the Moores for that the realmes of Arragon and Castille lay betwixt both so as the Arragonois Castillans and Cattelans were to make warre against them as frontering vpon Valencia and other their lands and Siegneuries Yet the Kings of Nauar which haue bin since were so far from extending of their lymits as they haue beene often restrained by the violence and too great power of the Kings of Castille About the yeere 1146. An D. 1146. Alphonso Emperour of Spainel resouled to make warre with all violence against the Moores of Andalusia by reason of the seditions and reuolâ—s which were in Affrike against the Almorauides whose History it is needfull to relate 16. Alboali Aben-Tesin whom some will haue to bee Auicenne the great Phylosopher Moores whose workes wee read but without any ground raigning ouer the Moores of Affrike and Spaine the third King or Miralmumin of the race of the Almorauides a Moore of Affrike Troubles in the Moores estate in Affrike by Imperstition dyvinations called Aben-Thumert very learned in Astrology could a certaine young-man called Abdelmon that he found by the starres he should get the crowne of the Arabians â—and therefore hee aduised him to meete with these heauenly influences and to prepare himselfe to receiue this great good which they had promised him This man although hee were of a base and vile condition whose father got his lyuing by making of pots and other earthen vessel yet hee was neither faint-hearted nor without ambition wherefore hee gaue such credit to that which the Astrologer had deliuered vnto him as leauing his house and trade hee acquainted himselfe with a certaine religious Moore a Doctor in the law of Mahumet and with all eloquent in the Arabian tongue and therefore much esteemed amongst all the Affrican Moores to whom hee imparted the prognostication of Aben Thumert intreating him to councell him and to assist him in a matter of so great importance assuring him that is hee attained to that which hee aspired hee would make him the chiefe man amongst the Arabians next vnto himselfe This Doctor who was called Almohadi tickled with the hope of greatnesse
Mediterranean sea which at this day belongs to Granado much frequented of Merchants of diuers nations There he found the sea armie of Count Raymond and the galleys of Genoua which had alreadie attempted it vnder the command of Ansaldo Doria Vbert Torre and other captaines of that common-weale This place was so furiously battered both by sea and land Almerie taken by sorce as it was taken by force yet the Moores beeing retired into a part of the cittie of good strength they were taken to ransome from whom they drew great sums of mony They say that at this prize that great and inestimable Emâ—raud without peere was taken the which is at this day at Genoua and was giuen vnto them for their part of the bootie and in recompence of the great seruice they had done there Emeraud of inestimable price Yet many beleeue that the Geneuois brought it out of Palestina from the towne of Cesarea at which seege they were employed The spoyle sacke of this place was diuided betwixt the Castillans Nauarrois Geneuois and the subiects of the Earle D. Raymond This is all which was done in that voyage from whence euery one retired into his countey rich some by land some by sea The King Don Garcia Ramires accompained his father in-law into Castile where he remayned with great tranquilitie and content the rest of that yeare If the Christian affaires in Spaine succeeded well against the Moores Câ—â—â—cell at Rhâ—ims those in Syria declined much wherupon a Councell was held at Rheims vnder Pope Eugenius the 3. to resolue vpon some meanes to support the estate of the Kings of Ierusalem by some ayde from the Princes of Europe Thither went D. Raymond Archbishop of Toledo as Primate of Spaine who passing by Saint Denis in France obserued in a chappell an Inscription of this tenour Here lyes Saint Eâ—genius the Martyr the first Archbishop of Toledo Beeing returned he reported vnto the Church what he had found whereof the Emperor Don Alphonso and the Kings children were aduertised who together with all the people were exceeding glad for since the death of this holy man they could not learne where his body lay Beeing thus found they of Toledo procured means to haue one of his armes from king Lewis the young It was a remarkable act of Religion in the Archbishop Don Raymond in his voyage to Rheims In our time King Philippe obtayned from Charles the ninth the French King and from Charles Cardinall of Lorraine and Abbot of Saint Denis the rest of the bodie as they say of this Martyr the which was brought to his Church of Toledo where he had gouerned Domiâ—an beeing then Emperour at Rome for they did not know him much in France neither did it serue to any purpose amidst the ciuill or rather vnciuill warres growne for matter of Religion D. Raymond Berenger beeing returned into Cattelogne Arragon and Barcelone hauing the Geneuois army ready and at his commandement he employed it against the towne of Tortose which was held by the Moores the which he beseeged both by sea and land at which seege the Earle left D. William Raymond of Moncada Seneshall of Cattelogne for his Lieutenant generall whilest that he made a voyage to Barcelone to pacifie some seditions which were risen in that extie Such was the diligence of the Seneshall and Geneuois as by the 30 day of the seege after many sharpe assaults giuen and valiantly defended the towne was taken Toriose taken by the Arragonois and soone after D. Pedro de Semenate arriuing with fresh supplies the castell was also taken the Geneuois had their part of the spoyle for the good seruices they had done vnto the Earle And the Authours of the Arragon Historie write that a third part of the towne was giuen in fee to the Seneshall D. William Raymond of Moneado and another third part to the common-weale of Genoua which portion was afterwards redeemed by the Eaâ—le D. Raymond Berenger for 16000. Marauidis Maroquins a kind of mony which was then currant leauing vnto the Geneuois the Iland of Saint Laurence and granting vnto all the Inhabitants of the citty of Genoua and of the iurisdiction the which was limited by Porto venere towards the East and by Monaco vppon the West along the sea shore exemption of all Imposts and customes Henrico Guercio Marin Moro William Lusio and others beeing then Gouernours of the Common-weale Whilest the Earle was busie at this warre VVarre betwixt Nauarre and Arragon the King of Nauarre brake the truce made at Saint Estâ—enne de Gormas for that the King Don Garcia hauing caused the Emperour Don Alphonso and other Noblemen and Prelates to perswade and aduise the Earle to relinquish the pretensions which hee vaunted to haue to the Realme of Nauarre hee would not do it but threatened to poursue it when oportunitie serued wherefore the Nauarrois did ouer-runne the Countrey of Arragon and tooke the Towns of Thauste and Fayos where they put good Garrisons to serue as a frontier against the Arragonois It is no wonder Pâ—rtugal if in all these attempts of the Christian Princes in Spaine against the Moores the new King of Portugall did not ioyne with the rest for that hee was in disgrace and out of fauour with the Emperour D. Alphonso who held him as an vâ—urper of the Estate of D. Theresa his mother and moreouer of the title of a king in a Prouince which was subiect to the Soueraigntie of Leon. King D. Alphonso Henriques hauing liued now 52. yeares without a wife he married in the yeare 1146. D. Malfada Manriqua de Lara daughter to the Earle D. Manrâ—qtâ—ue Lord of Molina a great Nobleman of Castile by whom he had one sonne named D. Sancho who succeeded him in the Realme of Portugall and the Infanta D. Vrraca who was married first to D. Fernand the 2. of that name Gencalogie of the Moores King of Leon and Gallicia and from them issued D. Alphonso King of the same Realmes father to the King D. Fernand the 3. of Castile and Leon a marriage notwithstanding which was broken by reason of their proximitie of bloud and for that they were married without a dispensation King D. Alphonso Henriques had another daughter by D. Malfada called D. Theresa maried to Philip Earle of Flanders the first of that name and one called Malfada as the mother Besides these lawfull children the King of Portugall had one bastard before he was married whom they called D. Pedro Alphonso of Portugall Soone after his marriage beeing importuned by the continuall complaints of his subiects for the spoyles which the Moores of Saint Iren committed in his countrie he resolued to beseege that place but he preuailed more by policie then happily he should haue done by open force for marching thither in the night after that he had made a vow passing by that place where as now stands the royall monasterie of Alcouaça to build a Monasterie there
his sword presently and gaue this poore Pedro Diaz a deadly wound and then fled the gard and other soldiars making shew to follow him towards the towne where hee was receiued and knowne by his old Master Lope d' Arenas who nothing suspecting Dominguillo was trecherously slaine by him the murtherer hauing meanes to slip downe the wall and to recouer the campe Vpon the Gouernors death the souldiars and inhabitants resolued to yeeld the towne of Surita vnto the King Dominguillo who was prowd of this execution demanded his reward of the King but the King by a memorable example of Iustice whosoeuer aduised him vsed an admirable proportion in this action for hee first caused his eyes to bee put out for the murther which he had committed hauing not made him acquainted therewith and then hee gaue him that which was needfull for his entertainement but hearing after that hee did glory too much in his treason hee caused him to bee slaine After this enterprise of Surita the King dismissed his souldiers who returned to their houses Howsoeuer D. Alphonso Henriques King of Portugal ended his quarrels with D. Fernand of Leon Portugal yet in the yeere of our Lord 1169. hee had confirmation of his royall titles from Pope Alexander to whom he sent his Bulles taking the King D. Alphonso Henriques his successours Realme and subiects into the protection of the church of Rome paying two markes of gold for an acknowledgment or rent the which the Archbishop of Braga did receiue yeerely for the church of Rome yet no man can say that this rent was euer paied and if D. Fernand married his daughter D. Vrraca by whom he had one sonne called D. Alphonso who succeeded him in his realmes of Leon and Galicia yet this affinity did not suppresse the troubles and lamentable factions which followed King D. Fernand by the aduise of banished Portugais caused the city of Rodrique to be fortified the which some hold to bee ancient Mirobrisa and there placed a good garrison the which did wonderfully annoy the Portugals that lay neere it built Ledesma neere to Salamanca which did much in domage that city as you shal heare this King tooke pleasure in building Places built by D. Fernand when hee was not prest with warre and therefore they say that Granada which is neere to Coria Valencâ—a in the Bishoprike of Quiedo Villalpando Mansilla Majorga in the Bishoprike of Leon and Castro in Toraphe in the Bishoprike of Zamora are his workes Hee was diuorced from Vrraca by reason of consanguinity and tooke to his second wife D. Theresa daughter to Nugno de Lara after whose death he had a third wife called D. Vrraca Lopes daughter to D. Lope Diaz Lord of Biscay By this last wife D. Fernand had D. Sancho and D. Garcia lawful heires to the realme of Leon Genealogy of Leon. for that they were by the Popes sentence borne in lawful wed-locke not D. Alphonso yet they raigned not neither did they leaue any heires 4 The house of Biscay was then in great esteeme The house of Biscay out of the which was issued the third wife of the King D. Fernand the order and continuance of which family is thus set downe by the Spanish writers They name for the best knowne stem of this house D. suria who by his mothers side was Nephew to the King of Scotland begotten by a knight of Biscay called D. Lope who obtained the Siegneury of Biscay in the yeere 870. Suria in the Cantabrian tongue signifies white He carried in his armories two wolues sables either of them with a Lambe in his mouth in a field Argent which were the ancient armes of Biscay he married to his second wife D. Dalda daughter and heire to D. Sancho Esteguis Ordognes Lord of Tauira of Durango by whom he had one sonne called D. Manso Lopes who was Lord of Biscay and of Tauira of Durango this D. Manso had by his first wife for hee was married thrice one sonne called D. Inigo Esguerra that is to say deafe in the Biscaine tongue who was the third Lord of Biscay Of him was borne D. Lope Diaz the fourth Lord of Biscaie who liued in the time of D. Fernand Conçales Earle of Castille D. Sancho Lopes was his sonne and the fifth Lord of Biscay who although hee had two sonnes D. Inigo and D. Garcia surnamed Sanches yet did neither of them succeed him in the Siegneurie of Biscay the reason was that the souldiars beeing in mutynie at their returne from a certaine warre in Cubijana of Morillas in the Prouince of Alaua as D. Sancho Lopes came amongst their drawne swords to paciâ—ie them he receiued a wound for an other and was slaine leauing these two verie little wherefore the Biscaines hauing neede of a Lord able to gouerne them they made choise of D. Inigo Esguerra the second of that name bastard brother to the deceased who was the sixth Lord of Biscay of him came D. Lope Diaz the second who ruled in Biscay And to make some recompence to the children of D. Sancho Lopes D. Inigo Sancho had Lodio giuen him for a portion and D. Garcia that of Orozco D. Lope Diaz the seuenth Lord of Biscay was father to D. Diego Lopes who succeeded him in the daies of King D. Alphonso the sixth This D. Diego was the eighth Lord of Biscay surnamed the white and being maried to a Lady of Arragon he begat one sonne called D. Lope Diaz who was afterwards the ninth Lord of Biscay the third of that name It is that D. Lope which was at the siege of Surita with King D. Alphonso called the Noble in whose raigne wee now are come and whole daughter D. Vrraca was married to Fernand the second King of Leon and Gallicia hee also hauing built vp the towne of Haro in Rioje surnamed himselfe of Haro and left it to his posterity He had of D. Mencia his wife one sonne called D. Diego Lopes de Haro heire of his fathers estates and an other daughter called D. Gaufreda who some say had beene Queene of Nauarre but it is doubtfull This D. Diego Lopes was the tenth Lord of Biscay and a very good Knight who had the honor to bee standard-bearer to the King of Castille and was at al the exploits of warre done by King D. Alphonso the ninth Hee had to wife D. Maria Diaz de Lara daughter to Cont Nugno of whom we haue made mention and she bare him D. Lopes Diaz de Haro who was the eleuenth Lord of Biscay His Image is to be seene kneeling in the quier of the great church of Toledo planted against a piller The succession of these Lords shall bee here-after set downe according to the time Returning to King D. Alphonso Castille after the taking of Surita hauing dismissed his souldiars he returned to Toledo where hee kept his court and assembled the Noblemen and knights his vassals where finding himselfe in free possession of all the
marriage of D. Alphonso of Leon and of D. Theresa of Portugal was dissolued by the decree of Pope Innocent the third for that they were kinâ—â— folkes in a degree which was prohibited by the church of Rome 30 The house of Nauarre approching neere it's end for want of heires males Nauarre it is fit we should prepare the Readers to the accesse which the descendants from women which are issued from it haue had vnto that crowne speaking some thing of the house of Champagne into the which D. Blanche daughter to D. Sancho the wife and sister to this King D. Sancho the strong was married Descendants of the house of Champagne The Earles of Champagne haue beene of great possessions in France of an ancient and noble familie as well of the house as by their alliances and marriages with the greatest houses of Europe In the nine hundred and ninth yeere mention is made of Odon first Earle of Champagne Brie Blois Chartres and Tourame who was a turbulent man and had great quarrels with Richard Duke of Normandy whose daughter notwithstanding he tooke in the end to his second wife he made warre against Rodolphe or Ralphe the last King of Bourgogne and was the cause why hee resigned his Scepter and crowne to Conrade the Emperour whose daughter Odon had taken to his first wife and had Stephen and others by her This Stephen was Earle of Champagne in the yeere of our Lord 1032. after the decease of his father and Lord of his other Estates by the succession of his brethren Hee died in the holie warre in Syria hauing begotten of his wife Alis or Adela daughter to William the conqueror Duke of Normandie and King of England Thybaâ—d and other children Thybaud surnamed the great was Earle of Champagne in the yeere of our Lord 1101. hee did also enioy the Earledomes of Brie Blois and Chartres and was called the father of the poore hee had to wife Mihault a Princesse of Germany of a great house by whom he had Henry who was Earle of Champagne and Bry after him in the yeere of our Lord 1151. besides other children This Henry surnamed the Big the fourth Earle of Champagne was in Asia with King Lewis the yong and afterwards with Philip Augustus where hee did great seruice to the cause hee married Mary of France daughter to Lewis the seuenth called the young by his first wife Elenor Dutchesse of Guienne and Contesse of Poictiers of this marriage issued Henry and Thibaud who were successiuely Earles of Champagne one after an other Henry went to the warre of Asia and marrying with the daughter of Almerit King of Ierusalem widow to Conrad Marquis of Montferrat was made King of Ierusalem but returning into France hee died without issue male Wherefore his brother Thibaud the second of that name seized vpon the country of Champagne in the yeere of our Lord 1196. to the preiudice of the two daughters of the deceased Cont Henry and was the sixth Cont Palatin thereof It was this Thibaud which married D. Blanche daughter to D. Sancho the wise King of Nauarre who had one sonne after the death of her husband about the yeere of our Lord 1201. called Thibaud as the father who was Earle of Champagne and Brie notwithstanding the pretensions of a sister which was borne in their fathers life time who contended for this succession but in vaine Moreouer by the death of D. Sancho the strong of whom wee now intreate without children hee came to the crowne of Nauarre by his mothers succession A Prince greatly allied to the houses of France and England whereof wee will treate more at large But let vs returne to D. Sancho the strong raigning at this time in Nauarre This Prince married with a French Lady daughter to Raymond Earle of Tolouse the fourth of that name who was called D. Clemence they hold that hee had not any children by her wherefore according vnto some Authors hee left her and married the daughter of the Emperour Frederic Barbarousse notwithstanding this second marriage is doubtful but as for the first Garcia d' Eugui bishop of Bayone hath left in writing that hee had one sonne named D. Ferdinand Calabasa vvho died in his fathers life time VVith a fall of a horse running after a Beare and vvas buried in the Collegial church of Tudele Hee had no other lavvfull children but mention is made of one bastard sonne called William 31 The ancient league of Castille and Arragon beeing renevved betvvixt the Kings D. Alphonso the Noble and D. Pedro they did arme to annoy the King of Nauarre aboat the yeere of our Lord 1200. the which he foreseeing he sought to be supported by forraine Princes and proceeded so farre as hee did sollicit Aben Ioseph Mazemut to breake the truce which he had made for ten yeeres A Mahumetan Prince keepes his faith religiously with the King of Castille some Authors affrming that D. Sancho went himselfe in person into Affrike to treat of the businesse with this Mahumetan Prince who notwithstanding that he would not breake his faith yet hee presented him with a great summe of money and many rich Iewels During his absence the confederate Kings entred by diuers waies into Nauarre where hee had left for his Lieutenant General a knight called Alphonso Fernandes of Guendulain and tooke Ayuar and the valley of Roncal which fell to the King of Arragon and on the other side Miranda and Insura or Inzula which places the King of Castille kept for himselfe these two confederate Kings hauing agreed to diuide the conquest of Nauarre betwixt them this was all they did for that yeere As for the King D. Sancho hee fel sicke on the waie of a pestilent feuer the which in the end fell to be a canker in one of his feete which continued with him all his life This indisposition beeing knowne in Spaine it gaue courage to the King of Castille to pursue his good fortune and to trie all meanes possible to ioyne that Estate to his presuming that the King D. Sancho who had no children could not liue long and that he beeing dead there should be no great opposition against him for that D. Ramir one of his brethren was of the church the other was young and absent and the Earle of Champaigne his brother in law was either dead or gone to the holy Land but howsoeuer hee was so farre off as before hee should returne into France to debate his title to the Kingdome of Nauarre wherevnto hee had right hee did hope to bee in possession Vpon this deseigne hee leauied a new army The King of Castille inuades Nauarre entred into Alaua and ouerrunne all that Prouince where in the end hee besieged the Towne of Victoria the which was valiantly defended by D. Alphonso Fernandes of Guendulayn who had put himselfe into it with many good souldiers of Alaua and Nauarre and maintained the siege long without any succors or newes from the
of Guetaria the which he restored granting the like vnto Saint Sebastian This towne hath a good hauen couered from al windes by a little Island which is before it rysing in such manner Iohn Sebastizan delâ—ano the famous Pilot Boracat Guetaria as it defends the ships from all stormes and giues them free entry and passage with any winde that famous pilote Iohn Sebastian del Cano was borne at Guetaria who in the time of the Emperor Charles the fifth did coÌ„passe the whole world by sea D. Alphonso did also giue the like priuiledges to Motrico as to Guetaria The same yeere a peace was fully concluded Arragon betwixt D. Pedro King of Arragon and D. Sancho the strong king of Nauarre by the mediation of D. Alphonso of Castille and the Prelats and Noblemen of al the Kingdomes of Spaine wherein the endeauors of D. Roderigo Ximenes Archbishop of Toledo were very great this peace was made the two kings being in field about Mallen among other particularities which the Spaniards write of this accord the King of Nauar lent vnto him of Arragon 20000. Marauidis of gold for the which were giuen in pawne the castles of Gallur Pitilla Pina and Esco the which were deliuered for sixe monthes into the hands of D. Ximeno de Rada a Knight at the end whereof if the King of Arragon did not pay the money the places should bee deliuered vnto the King of Nauarre to hold them vntil he were satisfied The dissention and warre which had continued betwixt Nauarre and Arragon for the space of sixty fiue yeeres was then ended and there was a good and durable peace concluded betwixt those two Estates after which it did behoue the King D. Pedro to passe into Prouence by reason of the death of the Earle D. Alphonso his brother whose daughters they of Beziers had married into France without the consent of the King of Arragon and had beene too busie in the gouernment of that Earldome wherevpon hee came armed into Prouence tooke Beziers and ruined it and hauing wasted the country about Marseilles he returned into Spaine hauing setled his Nephew Raymond Berenger in his fathers succession The towne of Tortose was giuen by this King to the Knights of the Temple whereof Peter of Montague was Maister in the yeere 1210. The yeere 1210. beeing come Castille and the truce betwixt the Moores and Christians expired An. 1210. D. Alphonso the noble sent an army vnto the frontiers of Toledo vnder the conduct of his sonne D. Fernand knowing that King Aben Mahumad was past out of Affrike into Spaine with great forces of Moores Almohades and other his subiects This young Prince D. Fernand impatient of idlenesse began to ouerrunne the Moores country about Baeça Andujar and Iaen but for all this the Moore did not leaue to besiege and to take within the third month the towne of Saluatierra Saluatierra taken by the Moores with great slaughter of the inhabitants carrying away them that remained for slaues The King of Castille had drawne his forces together at Talauera to diuert him but not able to come in time bee retired and so one after lost his sonne D. Fernand in Madrid by sicknesse whereat hee was wonderfully greeued his bodie was carried to Burgos to the new Monasterie of Las Huelgas D. Roderigo the Archbishop accompanying it with many other Prelats and Knights Death of the InFant D. Fernand yea D. Berenguela Queene of Leon beeing seperated from her husband by the Popes authority who would not allow of the marriage although hee had children by her It is strange these Princes were no better aduised in the marriage of their daughters seeing they obaled the Popes restraints This warre begunne did much trouble the King of Castille Parliament at Toledo for the Moores warve wherefore hauing called a Parliament of the Lords Prelats and Deputies of the townes of his realme at Toledo he resolued to invite al Christian Princes to his succour and to demaund of Pope Clement the Indulgences and pardons of a Croisado for this holy warre to the end he might draw vnto it more Knights and souldiers for this cause hee sent by the election of the whole assembly D. Roderigo to Rome and for that necessity did force him to reforme the excesse and superfluities of his Realmes there were orders set downe for feasts apparel and other things There were also publike processions enioyned with fasting praying and giuing of almes to pacifie the wrath of God In the end commandement was giuing to all his vassals and men of warre to bee redie with horse and armes for the yeere following The like prouision was made by the Moores in Spaine euery one preparing for the warre that is those of Extremadura Andalusia Algarbes Granado Murcia and Valencia and other lands which they held yet in the territory of Toledo sollyciting moreouer their King and Miralmumin of Affrike to repasse into Spaine with the forces of those great Prouinces which hee did hold in that part of the world Whilest these great preparations were making the King of Castille came to Cuenca where finding himselfe accompanied with good troupes of souldiers hee made a road into the Moores country by the riuer of Xucar to exercise his souldiers and tooke from them the sort of Alcala Las Cueuas of Algarande and Tubas and spoiled some Bourges in the territory of Valencia and then hee returned to Cuenca when the King of Arragon came vnto him and offered to succour him with all the forces of his realme in this warre the King of Nauarre in like manner sent to make him the like offers In Italie the Archbishop D. Roderigo Croisadoe preached against the Moores vsed great dilligence and obtained from Pope Innocent the third a bountifull grant of his spirituall treasors of indulgences and pardons to all those that should crosse themselues for this warre the which was proclaimed in all places and the Croisadoe preached especially by the Archbishop of Toledo in all places as hee returned with such efficacy as there came out of Italy Germany France and England an infinite number of souldiers into Spaine who vowed their liues to defend the Christian religion and to repulse the persecutors thereof so as hee assembled at Toledo an army besides the forces of Castille Great army aganist the Moores in Spaine Arragon and Portugal of aboue a hundred strangers bearing armes which number is by some augmented and by others diminished for there are some Authors which mention one hundred thousand foote and tenne thousand horse others restraine it to fifty thousand foote and twelue thousand horse some more some lesse but howsoeuer there was a great and mightie army the which was lodged neere vnto the city in the most fertil places of the riuer of Tayo The King of Arragon came thether as the Authors of the Arragon History write with twenty thousand foote and 3500. horse the number of footemen of Castille and other countries
little wherefore Pope Innocent the third was forced at the sute and instance of the Estates of Arragon and Cattelogne to send a Cardinall called Peter of Beneuent into Languedoc to whome the young king was deliuered and led by him into his Countrie where hee was receiued and crowned at Monçon and then tooke and receiued the oath at Lerida It was ordayned in these assemblies of Monçon and Lerida that Don Sancho Earle of Rossillon should gouerne the realme during the kings minoritie but they gaue him limitation The kings person was recommended to Friar William of Monredon VVillyam of Monredon and Raymond of Pegnafort or Rochâ—fort Gouernors of the kings person Master of the Templers to whom was giuen for an Assistant Friar Raymond of Pegnafort a Castellan he that compiled the books of the Decretals and did write arguments in cases of conscience whereof there shall be more ample mention made Don Sancho Earle of Rossillon of a Regent became a tyrant and did in time much trouble the king Don Iames. These things past in this manner in Arragon the yeare after the victory of Muradal or Tholousa In Nauarre Nauarre Pampelone in sedition the king D. Sancho the Strong at his returne from Castile found great disorders and mutinies among his subiects especially in the citty of Pampelone which grew by the young maydens of the towne who had iniuried one another and as oftentimes a small coale kindles a great fire which burnes a house yea a whole cittie so these petty brabbles made all the Inhabitants fall into factions those of the Bourg of Saint Sernin and Saint Michel to defend the female kind fell to blowes and murthers the which could not be preuented in the Kings absence who by his presence pacified and reconciled them for a time but beeing afterwards retired to his castell of Tudele where he would not see any man by reason that the incurable griefe in his foot increased daily the young men of Pampelone reuiued their insolencies and quarrels so as one day those of Saint Sernin and Saint Michel falling to armes their fury and rage was such as there were aboue 800. slaine vpon the place both men wiues and virgins and many houses were burnt such was their furious rage one against another the which caused the King Don Sancho to leaue his voluntarie prison to pacifie it as he did 39 Among other remedies which might serue hereafter hee found that peace could not continue long among a people where there was a multitude of idle youth and that of necessitie there must grow daily quarrels among them if there were not meanes found out to employ them Seeing then that his subiects were giuen to armes more then to any other exercise he resolued seeing there was no warre with his neighbors to make a garrison vpon the Moores frontiers whether the young men of the countrie should be sent to be trained vp in martiall discipline and to practise armes honorably against the enemies of Christ for this cause he intreated the king D. Iames or those which did then gouerne his Realme of Arragon to sell him the fruites and possession of the townes of Ademus Castelâ—abib Ferreta Ferrelon and Calamator for his life to make them a schole for armes the which hee obtained confirming also by the same mediators the peace which had beene concluded betwixt the kings Don Sancho and Don Pedro some yeares before the which began to be troubled betwixt these two estates D. Alphonso king of Castille Castile Exploits against the Moores hauing suffered his soldiers to rest some time in their houses drew his army againe together in the yeare 1213. and recouered the Castell of Duegnas which herestored to the Order of Calatraua he also tooke the Castle of Ezna Vexor the which the gaue to the Order of Saint Iames from thence hee came and planted his campe before the towne of Alcarras seated vpon a very high and rough part of the mountaine called Sierra Morena the which hee tooke without any great difficulty the Moores beeing yet amazed at the defeate they had the yeare before and then hauing seazed vppon many other places with the like ease hee returned to Toledo where the Queenes D. Elenor his wife and D. Berenguela his daughter with the Infant Don Henry attended him There was a great famine that yeare in Spaine when as Don Roderigo Ximenes the Arch-bishop did much good by his preaching perswading the rich to releeue the poore for which consideration the King did afterwards giue many places to him and his successors Arch-bishops the which did much augment the reuenues of that Sea honouring moreouer the sayd Don Roderigo and his successors Arch-bishops with the title of High Chancelors of Castile The Kings of Castile and Leon Leon. had beene no very good friends vppon diuers occasions but now lately by reason of the diuorce betwixt the King of Leon and his wife D. Berenguela daughter of Castile the which was partly the cause why the king of Leon was not at the battell of Muradal but this yeare all hatred forgotten the two kings had an interview in the towne of Vailledolit whereas it was agreed that Carpio and Montreall should be restored to the King of Leon vpon condition that he should raze them and that he should make warre against the Moores Reconciliation of the Kings of Castille and Leon. for the execution whereof D. Diego Lopes de Haro was sent to accompany Don Alphonso king of Leon with a good number of souldiers The places beeing ruined the king of Leon went against the Moores of Alcantara vppon the riuer of Tayo on the confines of Portugall the which hee tooke whereas since he did institute an Order of Knights Order of the Knâ—ghts of Alcantara like vnto that of Calatraua This king D. Alphonso of Leon is numbred the tenth of that name by them that mingle the kings of Castile and Leon together We haue sayd before that he had two wiues the one was daughter to Don Sancho the first king of Portugall called Donna Theresa of which marriage issued Don Fernand who died before his father Donna Sancha and D. Dulce being afterwards separated by the Popes authoritie for that they were cousins in the third degree he married to his second wife Donna Berenguela daughter to Don Alphonso the Noble king of Castile of whom was borne Don Fernand who was King of Castile and Leon and Don Alphonso who came to be Lord of Molina Gentalogie of Leon. and had moreouer two daughters by this Lady Donna Constance a Nunne in las Huelgas of Burgos and Donna Berenguela who married with the Earle Iohn de Brenne whom they termed king of Ierusalem This second marriage was also dissolued for that Donna Berenguela was daughter to her husbands cousinâ—germaine therefore Don Alphonso had a friend which brought him a bastard called Don Roderigo Alphonso of Leon. After the taking of Alcantara Castile Don Diego
haue beene a widow To this effect D. Maurice Bishop of Burgos and D. Pedro Abbot of the Monastery of Saint Peter of Arlança D. Ferdinand King of Castille merries the Emperor of Germanies daughter with the Prior of the Order of Saint Iohn were sent Ambassadors wel attended who concluded this marriage notwithstanding that they held them foure monthes without any resolution this Princesse was sent into Spaine through France whereas Philip Augustus then raigning did her much honour throughout his whole realme causing her to bee conducted vnto Guipusâ—oa from whence the Noblemen of Spaine which were deputed to receiue her conducted her to Victoria whereas the Queene D. Berengula met her and did accompany her to Burgos this Princesse did please D. Fernand for she was exceeding faire Three daies after her arriual the King was made Knight and did arme himselfe in the Monastery of Las Huelgas and then he married D. Beatrix the last of December 1220. An. 1220. Of this marriage issued many children whereof the eldest was Alphonso who succeeded in the two Realmes of Castille and Leon the second was D. Frederic the third D. Fernand the fourth D. Henry the fifth D. Philip the sixth D. Sancho the seuenth and last D. Manuel Hee had also two daughters D. Elenor who died and Infant an D. Berenguela a Nunne in the Monastery of Las Huelgas The yeere following 1221. the marriage was concluded betwixt D. Elenor the King of Castilles aunt and D. Iames King of Arragon Arragon who was then but thirteene yeeres old which argues falshood in some which haue written that this King before hee married this Princesse had contracted a secret marriage with D. Theresa Gil of Bidaura daughter of D. Iohn of Bidaura of whom hee begot two sonnes the one called D. Pedro who was Lord of Aierbe and the other D. Iaime Lord of Xerica the which hath no great ground in nature considering the King was very yong and we must beleeue that the acquintance he had with this Lady either as a spouse or a friend was ten yeeres after when he was diuorced from D. Elenor. He was in a manner constrained to make this alliance with Castille hauing need of D. Fernands assistance by reason of the troubles he had in his country which grew through the bad and tyranous gouernment and ambition of his vncles the which wee must relate and fetch farther off This Prince had beene drawne as wee haue sayd out of the hands of Symon Earle of Montfort and conducted into his realme of Arragon where there was great contention betwixt the Estates Contentions in Arragon and the Earles of Roussillon the father and sonne to D. Fernand and the Abbot of Montarragon the Kings vncles who in stead of gouerning the realme would haue wrested it from him notwithstanding by the fidelity of the Estates and their authority together with the dilligence of the Cardinal of Beneuent the Legat right preuailed and the Infant D. Iames was ackowledged for lawfull King at Lerida as I haue sayd where the Princes contending did not appeere Raymond Berenger Earle of â—rouence father to fiue Queenes 8 There were three Gouernors appointed two in Arragon which were D. Pedro d' Ahones and D. Pedro Fernandes d' Açagra whose Gouernments were distinct by the riuer of Ebro and the third in Cattelogâ—e Ouer all the which D. Sancho Earle of Roussillon was appointed superintendent There it was also concluded that D. Raymond Berenger Earle of Prouence a young Prince of nine yeeres of age sonne to D. Alphonso should be with the King vnder the same tutors aboue mentioned the which was put in execution but the Earle soone after about the yeere of our Lord 1216. escaped from them and retired into Prouence where hee married the daughter of Thomas Earle of Morienne named Beatrix who was mother of fiue Queenes To preuent the continual practises of the Earles of Roussillon and of D. Fernand vncles to the young King it was resolued about the yeere 1217. that hee should bee declared of full age being then but tenne yeeres old according vnto some the which the Earle of Rousillon did wonderfully contradict yet after great contention he quit the Regency in the yeere 1218. by the authority of the Estates assembled to that end at Tarragone whereas the Earle receiued certaine places in fee of the King At this time the authority of the Magistrate called the Iustice of Arragon was great for the defence of the publike liberty The yeere following 1219. all the continent of Spaine was afflicted with a great drought wherevnto it is very much subiect as well through want of raine as for that the springs were dried vp so as there followed a great dearth and pestilent diseases These calamities were accompanied with troubles and ciuill seditions by the rebellion of D. Roderigo Lizana a man of great authority and power who being incensed for some pretended wrongs against Lope d' Albero hee surprized him in his house and shut him vp in a fort of his from whence the King deliuered him by force his commandements nor the decrees of his councel preuailing nothing D. Roderigo despayring to finde grace with the King retired to Albarrazin to D. Pedro Fernandes de Açagra whether they senâ—troupes of souldiers to besiege them who could not force the place beeing strong both by nature and art notwithstanding D. Roderigo and D. Pedro Fernandes acknowledging their fault obtained pardon of the King In these sieges they vsed an Engine of battery made at Huesca which did cast great stones making one hundred and fifty shot in a day and a night with great ruine These things happened in the yeere 1221. whilest they treated of the marriage of the sayd King D. Iames with D. Elenor of Castille the Mediators whereof were D. Symon Cornel William Ceruera and William Raymond of Moncade hee which married Garsinde the heire of the country of Berne for the accomplishing wherof the parties met at Agreda where they were made sure and the contract of marriage drawne greatly to the Queenes aduantage from whence they went to marry in the city of Tarrassone Of this marriage D. Alphonso was borne who died before the father This marriage was not firme for being made without a dispensation from the Pope being cousins in a prohibited degree it was dissolued by Pope Honorius the second after some yeeres and the Infanta sent home into Castille yet some say that shee professed herselfe in the Monastery of Saint Mary de la Vega. 9 A little before this King D. Iaime had instituted the Order which they call our Lady of the redemption of prisoners otherwise de la Merced Order of Merced by the councel of his confessor friat Raymond of Pegnafort or Rochefort who set downe the rules for the religious of this Order vnder that of Saint Augustine Their profession and chiefe vow was to goe into the Moores country to redeeme Christians that were prisoners and if
any one for want of money could not redeeme a Christian slaue out of the hands of an Infidel and did see him by ill vsage in despaire or otherwise in danger to renounce the Christian faith they were bound to put themselues in the slaues place and to serue for him vntill they had paied his Maister the price agreed vpon which was a rare charity The first brother of this Order was Peter Nolasco of Barcelona or Francis according vnto some who receiued the habit in the chiefe church of that towne with great solemnity in the yeere 1218. by the hands of friar Raymond the maister thereof the King D. Iames being present This habit was white as they carry it at this day with the armes of Arragon and Cattelogâ—e which are a crosse argent and foure bends gueules in a field Or. The Order was since confirmed in the yeere 1230. at the request of the King D. Iame and pursute of the master D. Raymond of Rochfort by Pope Gregory the ninth he who confirmed the Order of the friars Mineurs instituted after that of the preaching friers by the Seraphicall father Saint Francis vnder the Order of Saint Augustin 〈…〉 but somewhat changed the Author of this Order was wonderfully persecuted by the enemy of mankinde enuious say the Spanish Authors of the great good which should come vnto the Catholike church of Rome by the erudition and piety of the religious of that Order This father of Franciscan friars came into Spaine during the raigne of D. Fernand King of Castille of whom wee write who receiued him with great reuerence and did build many goodly conuents of that Order and by his example other Kings did the like 11 Fiue of the Brethren of this Order Portugal not yet allowed nor confirmed by the Pope the which notwithstanding florished in Portugal in the latter time of king D. Alphonso the grosse were desirous to passe to Maroc there to preach the faith of Christ but they prospered not for the King of the Arabians offended with the habit countenances and importunity of these friars slue them all with his owne hand by reason whereof they were put in the ranke of blessed Martires according to their Legend Of this cruel execution was an eye witnesse D. Pedro of Portugal brother to the King who caused their bodies to bee brought to Coimbra where they were buried in the Monastery of Saint Croix They say that these Monkes partting from Portugal had prophecied to the Queene D. Vrraca that shee should die in the yeere of our Lord 1220. as it happened In the time of the same King D. Alphonso florished that religious man whom they call Saint Anthony of Padoua who notwithstanding was borne at Lisbone and for his great knowledge according to the time was called the arke of the holy Scripture Hee being a Chanoine of Saint Croix at Coimbra had so great a feruency to serue God as he became a friar of the Order of Saint Francis changing his name which was Fernand into that of Anthony hee was a Doctor and a professor in diuinity and did read in the vniuersities of Tolousa Bolonia and Padoua where he died of whom Portugal and all Spaine glory much As for King D. Alphonso surnamed the grosse hee hath not ministred much matter to write of his actions for his raigne was short and himselfe in disposed of his person Hee died in the yeere of our Lord 1223. beeing but eight and thirty yeeres old whereof hee raigned eleuen His body lies in Alcouaça neere vnto that of the Queene his wife D. Sancho Capello the second of that name the fourth King of Portugal 12 D. Sancho his sonne Surname of Capello called Capello raigned after him He was sixteene yeeres old when he began to raigne was crowned in the city of Coimbra His surname of Capello came by reason of the habits which hee ware wide and long like a Clergy man It may bee hee ware some great cap or hat as the Portugals doe at this day who will haue all their apparel very wide and easie euen their buskins of Spanish leather which are ruffled downe to their heeles saying that it doth not become a gentleman to carry them straight and smooth This Prince was more courteous affable and a louer of peace then was fit for a commander that will keepe his subiects in awe Wherefore hee was contemned by his subiects and held for a couard and base minded so as they attempted many things insolently and audatiously against all right or reason without respect of Prince or Iustice the which was ill administred in his time his basenesse yeelding to the malice of his subiects Hee married with D. Mencia Lope de Haro daughter to the Earle D. Lope Diaz de Haro Marriage of the King D. Sancho Lord of Biscay the fourth of that name a Lady of great beauty and an excellent spirit but not much pleasing to the Portugals for the King tooke her beeing a widow against their likings and besides shee bare him no children wherefore they vsed great meanes in the court of Rome to dissolue this marriage Amongst all the Kings of Portugal as well those which went before as which followed hee onely was childlesse for hee neither had lawfull children nor bastards D. Mencia Lopes did gouerne him in such sort as no respect of the publike good of the Realme nor the exhortations intreaties nor admonitions made vnto him by the Noblemen and religious persons who were then much respected neither yet any other meanes whatsoeuer could mooue him to bee diuorced from her wherefore they spake it publikely that shee had bewitch'd him what happened you shall vnderstand hereafter Returning to the affaires of Castille the King D. Fernand hauing solemnized his aunts marriage after all the feasts and sports he found himselfe ingaged in new troubles procured by D. Fernand Ruiz Dias de los Cameros Fernand Ruiz Diaz de lâ—s Cameros a coâ—cusâ—ionar and a rebel who had newly crost himselfe to passe into Syria to the holy warre for the performing of which voiage it may bee his purse was not very well furnished wherefore hee beganne to taxe and spoile the Kings country which was vnder his command for these concussions hee was cited to appeere in court at Vailledolit where he did in some sort iustifie himselfe Afterwards being pricked in conscience for these outrages beeing also by nature in constant feareful and with all ill aduised hee absented himselfe wherefore the King seized vpon all his goods D. Fernand Ruiz seeing that they proceeded against him with all rigour fortefied himselfe in certaine castles from the which hee did much trouble the Kings affaires so as in the end hee was forced to compound with him and to giue him money By this accord D. Gonsalo Peres Lord of Molina and D Gonsâ—l Nugnes de Lara rebel in Castille hee yeelded vp the places which hee held and receiued foureteene thousand peeces of gold
these realmes before the daughters who were forced to agree with their brother and had 30000. doublons euery yeere during their liues This accord betwixt the King Don Fernand and the Infantes of Leon his Sisters was wrought and concluded betwixt the Queenes D. Berenguela the Kings mother and D. Theresa mother to the Infants after that the King had beene crowned in Leon the chiefe city of the Kingdome in the presence of the Bishops D. Iohn of Oueydo D. Roderigo of Leon D. Nugno of Astorga D. Martin of Salamanca D. Michel of Cite Roderigo and D. Sancho of Coria By this accord the King D. Fernand did peaceably enioy the Realmes of Leon Galicia the Asturiaes hauing raigned thirteene yeeres in Castille the re-union of which Estates made this yeere 1230. 73. yeeres after their last diuision hath remained firme euer since without any further seperation From Leon the King came to Beneuent whereas the Infantaes his sisters met him and there did ratifie the accord made by the two Queenes renouncing all pretensions to the sayd Realmes and to the testament made by the King D. Alphonso their father Then the King went to visit the Prouinces Townes and Forts of his Kingdomes where without any contradiction he was receiued intertained with great ioy and acclamation of the people as it was fit This death of the King of Leon fell out happely for D. Fernand to couer his retreat from Daralferza with some honourable pretext In the meane time they made light skirmishes with the taking and recouering of castles vpon the fronters of Toledo and Andalusia In the yeere of our Lord 1231. An. 1231. Quesada was recouered by the Christians and for a reward of their valour in recouering thereof was giuen to the church of Toledo but it was afterwards lost and recouered againe diuers times The King of Castille continuing his warre Adelantamien to of Casorla giuen to the Church of Tâ—â—ledo there was established vpon that fronter that which they call Adelantamiento of Casorla by the taking of Pilos Toya Lacra Agozino Font Iulian Tour de Lago Higuera Maulula Arcola Dos Hermanas Villa Montin Niebla Casorla Concha and Chelis all which places were by prodigality and inconsiderate zeale altogether vsed in those religious times giuen in a religious acknowledgement to the Apostolike Sea by the King D. Fernand to the Archbishops of Toledo the which the haue enioyed vnto the assumption of the Cardinall D. Iohn Tauera to the Arch-bishoprike who gaue this country to the Marquis of Camaraça whose successour Don Iohn Mâ—rtine Silesio Cardinal had by reason thereof great and earnest sute against the Church of Toledo but notwithstanding that the Church had diuers sentences by reason of the great sway the Church of Rome bore at that same time in its fauour yet could they neuer gette possession of any of those places for certaine speciall reasons which are not specified 17 At that time the realmes of Naples and Sicile were held by the Emperour Frederic the second who married Yoland the onely daughter of Iohn de Brenne who called himselfe king of Ierusalem which is the reason why the Kings of Naples and Sicile haue euer since intitled themselues Kings of Ierusalem by which alliance they vnited the titles of Naples Sicile and Ierusalem which the descendentes of this Noble Princesse haue carried This Iohn of Brenne beeing chosen chiefe Generall of the Westerne succours which by the procurement of the councell of Latran went into the Country of Syria and obtained amongst them the first and soueraigne degree and was called King of Acre or Ptolemaide yet hee did neuer hold the city of Ierusalem but hauing neede of greater forces to resist the Turkes and enemies of our faith hee was forced to returne againe into Europe to sollicit the Christian Princes to assist him Beeing arriued into Italie hee married his daughter as wee haue sayd and then passed into Sapine in the yeere of our Lord 1232. to visit the sepulcher of Saint Iames which was a pilgrimage of greatest merit after that of Ierusalem Passing through Castille hee was receiued with great honour by the King D. Fernand who in confirmation of their friendship gaue him D. Berenguela his sister by father and mother in marriage The Realme of Nauarre was at that time but ill gouerned by reason of the Kings sollitary life Nauarre who was retired and did not speake with any man but his houshold seruants and would not heare of any affaires This mischiefe was increased by the death of D. Ramir his brother Bishop of Pampelone who by his authority and respect might something haue restrained them that would haue troubled the state were they home-bred or strangers wherefore about the yeere of our Lord 1231. D. Lope Diaz Lord of Biscay who had some lands in the soueraignty of Nauarre prouoked and supported by D. Fernand King of Castille hee found an occasion to commit some spoiles in the Kingdome 18 On the other side Thybauld Earle of Champagne pretending right to the sayd realme by his mother D. Blanche Impatiency of cont â—hybauâ—d of Champaigne to raigne daughter to the King D. Sancho the wise had secret practises and Intelligences in Nauarre to bee admitted to the Regency of the realme during the life of King D. Sancho the retired whereof hee being aduertised after great negligence in the end hee beganne to discouer it to his great preiudice wherefore beeing much discontented at these attempts both of the King of Castille and of the Earle of Champaigne he resolued to frustrat both of their pretentions and to be reuenged especially of the King of Castille he therefore gaue D. Iames King of Arragon to vnderstand that hee had some matters to impart vnto him which would redound greatly to his proffit and therefore he intreated him to come to Tudele excusing himselfe that hee had not come vnto him by reason of the indisposition of his person The King of Arragon fayled not to come to Tudele and for that the King of Nauarre could not stirre out of his chamber hee entred into the castle where they conferred together The King D. Sancho complayning much of D. Fernand King of Castille that not content to hold the Lands which his predecessors had wrested from him had againe inuaded and spoiled his country hee demanded his aduice and helpe to bee reuenged and hauing in like manner discoursed of the disobedience and little respect of Thybauld Earle of Champagne who had attempted to play the King in Nauarre in his life time hee concluded that if hee would make a firme alliance with him and betwixt Nauarre and Arragon to inuade the realme of Castille and not to cease vntill they had forced the King D. Fernand to restore the Lands of the riuer of Oja Bureua Alaua and Guipuscoa or beeing conquered to yeeld him the fruits and reuenues thereof and to pay the charges of the warre hee should bee content to harken to a mutuall
king Thibaud who was called the Elder to distinguish him from his sonne and successor being also of the same name of whose deedes wee haue no great instructions out of histories onely we haue gathered out of some writings and records tending to other ends 〈…〉 that which we shall relate of him He was thrice married as the Spaniards write First he had to wife a Lady of Lorraine daughter to an Earle of Metz froÌ„ whom he was diuorced by the Popes authoritie hauing no children His second wife was daughter to Guichard Lord of Beaujeu who it may be was the 3. of that name from which marriage issued Blanche who 〈◊〉 married to Iohn Duke of Brittaine surnamed thered Thirdly he married Marguerite daughter to Archembaud one of the Earles of Foix it may be there is some error in the name for there is no mention made in the Histories of that time of any Archembaud of Foix of whom he begot Thibaud and Henry who succeeded one after another in the Realme of Nauarre and one daughter called Donna Leonora and Don Pedro Lord of the house of Muruçabal which is now ruined neere vnto Mendegerria so called in the Biscaine tongue which significs a redde mountaine All these marriages or at the least the two first were before his comming to the crowne of Nauarre which was in the 33. yeare of his age The manners of this Prince are commended by the Spaniards saying That he was liberal modest a great builder louing musicke curious of matters belonging to tillage Dispâ—sion of King 〈◊〉 by reason whereof he planted his country of Nauarre with many sorts of vnknowne frutes the which he caused to bee brought out of France so as there is yet a kind of Peare of Nauarre which they call Thibuatinas or Thibaudines he was a great catholike and zealous of the Romish Religion the castell of Treuas was of his building In his time there was a great sute ended betwixt the blacke Monkes Benedictines and those of Cisteaux for that the deceased king D. Sancho would haue changed the ancient Monkes of Saint Sauueur of Leyre and placed them of the Order of Cisteaux there the which he could not effect being violently oppugned by the Benedictins who during the raigne of king Thibaud lost their cause but notwithstanding that they were condemned and dipossessed yet they gaue it not ouer vntill they were restored to their auncient possession the which was after the death of Thibaud the second Henry his brother raigning to whom they bound themselues to pay 600. charges of corne yearely vntill they had deliuered the summe of 8500. Marauidis of gold Finally to end the new instances which were daily made by the one or the other D. Sancho Archb. of Toledo Infant of Arragon and he of Tarragone hauing authority from the Apostolike sea of Rome commanded the Monkes of S. Benet to perpetuall silence and restored them of Cisteaux to the possession and after the death of the king D. Henry the Gouernor of Nauarre freed the Monks of this tribute for the discharge of the Kings conscience as an excessiue vniust Impost Thus the Cistercian Mònkes of S. Bernard remained in quiet possession of the Monastery of S. Sauuâ—ur of Leyre By reason of the contentions of these Monks there were many letters remembrances and records of this Monasterie lost the which did serue much in those times for the illustrating of matters of Nauarre The Christian affaires in Syria being ill managed Thâ—baud theâ— king 〈…〉 goes into 〈◊〉 and their estate in those parts declining much Pope Gregory the 9. cauâ—ed a Croysado to be preached throughout all Christendome by the Monkes of the Orders of S. Dominick and S. Francis wherefore many Princes and great Personages of France and other countries inrolled themselues of which expedition Thibaud king of Nauarre was the chiefe The Noblemen and Knights Christians desiring to passe their troupes by sea could not be accommodated by the Commonweales of Genoa and Pisa who were then very strong in shipping by reason of the mutuall warre they had together to the great preiudice of Christendome The Venetians in like manner troubled with the affairs of the Empire of Greece gaue them no meanes to performe this voyage Wherfore king Thibaud and his troupe were forced to take their way by land into Syria where beeing atriued at Antioch after infinit toyle hauing to incounter with hunger diseases and want of all things besides the enemy who had seazed vpon the passages in the streights of Mouâ—t Taurus he found that two parts of his souldiers which had come out of France Nauarre and the fronters of Germany were wanting beeing either dead by the way or slaine by the Turks the remainders of these poore Christians arriued at Acre which is the ancient Ptolemaide where they began to make war against the Turks with small sucâ—â—sse A litle before this expedition Vanity of the 〈◊〉 Frederâ—â—ke the 2. the Emperor Frederick the 2. had bin in Palestina and as if he had had no other occasion to make this voyage but ambitiously to seeke to ioyne the vaine tide of king of Ierusalem to the rest which he carried of many kingdomes he entred the citty of Ierusalem without any resistance hauing purchased the fauor of Corradin Sultan of Egypt and hauing caused himselfe to be crowned there he returned presently into Italy hauing made a truce with the Infidels 〈◊〉 left some Germane souldiers in those contries to supply the garrisons who had no good correspondency with the king of Nauarre nor his men neither could they euer draw any succors from them for that they held the French to be affected to the Pope with whom their Emperor had had great quarrels wherfore they were forced to make war alone And the more to crosse K. Thibauds good fortune it fell out that many Noblemen which came in his company disbanded and returned home among the which was the Duke of Brittany so as the king D. Thibaud after many vnfortunate Incounters was forced to returne by sea into the west Beeing arriued in France he made some abode there to visit his lands and then he past into Nauarre Don Thibaud king of Nauarre made not this voyage in the company of Saint Lewis the French king as some write but some yeares before beeing in the yeere 1238. where as that of S. Lewis was ten yeares after or twelue as some affirme as it appeares by the histories of France 26 In the same yeare 1238. 1238. Arragon the citty of Valencia hauing beene long beseeged by Don Iaime King of Arragon and reduced to great necessitie was yeelded vnto him by Zaen the Moore who had vsurped that Principalitie who retiring to Denia left it without men or goods Valence taken Peopling of Vaâ—ence leading with him aboue 50000. Moores who carried with them according to the composition their gold siluer armes and all their mooueables so as that citie which was held one of the richest and
by fines as mutines yet his choller being past some few daies after he considered that those of Pampelone were good and faithfull subiects louing his honour and greatnesse and that they had resisted his will by a true zeale and loue which they bare vnto the crowne of Nauarre so as he caused their money to be restored vnto them againe wherevpon there grew a custome which continued that in matters concerning Castille this Bourg did not set to their seale 4 The diuorce which D. Alphonso King of Castille pretended to make Castille as we haue sayd from the Queen D. Violant could not take effect for that the cause of sterility which he obiected against her did cease being the wil of God she should be with child in the yeere 1254. and yet the Ambassadors which were sent into Denmarke D. Alphonsos second marriage pretenaâ—â— diuinely broken had wrought so as they brought the Princesse Christienne to Toledo wherewith the king D. Alphonso was wonderfully troubled so as not knowing how to couer this fault D. Philip his brother presented himselfe vnto him being Abbot of Vailledolit and Cueua Rubia and designed Archbishop of Seuile for which cause he had beene brought vp in studie and had remained sometime in the Vniuersity of Paris and demanded this Princesse in marriage It greeued the King much to giue D. Philippe a portion yet finding no better meanes to salue this disorder hee caused him to marry her and in fauour of this marriage allotted him great rents and reuenewes but it was short and vnfortunate for this Princesse Christienne thinking her selfe contemned and scorned was so opprest with griefe as shee pined away and died Genealogie of Castille Thus the marriage of D. Violant of Arragon with the King D. Alphonso remayned firme to whom afterwards shee gaue an ample off spring Her first child was D. Berenguela then D. Beatrix D. Fernand surnamed de la Cerde D. Sancho who was King after the father D. Pedro D. Iohn D. Iaime or Iames of all which wee will hereafter make ample mention and in the end shee had Donna Isahell and Donna Leonora Besides these lawfull children the King had D. Alphonso Fernandes whose mother is vnknowne and D. Bentriz begotten of D. Major Guillen of Guzman daughter to Don Perez of Guzman in which familie the Kings of Castille haue often found Ladies for their seruice This daughter D. Beatrix was Queene of Portugal The same yeere of our Lord 1254. there came vnto the Archipifcopal dignity of Toledo and Primacy of Spaine one called D. Sancho whom the Spaniards hold to bee an Infant of Castille sonne to the King D. Fernand deceased and brother to this Alphonso but it is not verie certaine D. Pascal successor to D. Guttiere had beene Archbishop before him The same yeere there arriued at the Court of Castille Edward sonne and heire to Henry the third King of England who according to the custome of those times was armed and made knight by the King D. Alphonso As for the Moores Moores they were as wee haue sayd diuided into petty States except Granado all which had done homage to D. Alphonso King of Castille In Algarbe there raigned in this quality Aben Mofad who held Niebla and Xeres a Lady a Moore ruled at Lebrixa or Nebrissa and Arcos Murcia was held by Mahumet Aben Hudiel and other places by other captaines and Lords which did al hold of the King of Castille to whom notwithstanding when occasion serued they shewed no great loyaltie wherefore in the yeere 1256. An. 1256. King D. Alphonso dispossessed al these petty Kings he receiued Xeres of the fronter by a voluntary yeelding where D. Nugno de Lara was made Gouernor and Garcia Gomes Carillo Petty Kings of the Moores dispossesed and châ—sed â—at of Spaine a hardy knight his Lieutenant Arcos and Lebrixa following the example of Xeres yeelded also to D. Henry the Kings brother who was sent thether from Xeres The yeere following 1257. An. 1257. the King came into Algarbe where he tooke the towne of Niebla and appointed lands about Seuile for King Aben Mofad and many rents in that city so as by this meanes he had al the rest of the country of Algarbe that is the townes of Gibraleon Huelma Serpa Mora Alcabin Castro Martin Tauira Faro and Laule al held by Moores who did not in any sort acknowledge the King of Granado with whom D. Alphonso entertained firme friendship so as hauing ordained an Aniuersary in the city of Seuile for the King D. Fernand deceased the which was celebrated yeerely in the Cathedral church King Mahomet Aben Alhamar sent many of his chiefe Moores thether with a hundred footmen carrying so many great torches of white waxe the which they set about the dead kings tombe All matters betwixt Nauarre and Castille were in outward apparence quiet but the effects shewed this yeere 1257. that peace betwixt Princes is most commonly entertained by no other bond but their pleasures and commodities without any respect of accords othes or promises for the king of Castille hauing raysed a mighty army vnder collour of some doubt he had of the Moores caused it to turne head towards the frontiers of Nauarre to make some notable breach there before they suspected him Wherefore the two Kings D. Iames of Arragon and D. Thybaud of Nauarre went sodainely to armes and sonne after D. Henry Infant of Castille the Kings brother and D. Diego Lopes Dias de Haro sonne to D. Diego Lopes Dias who was dead a little before at the bathes of Bagnerets came vnto the King of Arragon being at Estelle with whom they made a league against Castille the Infant making great complaints against the King D. Alphonso With the young Lord of Haro there came D. Diego Lopes de Mendoça Michel Inigues de Suaçu Inigo Ximenes of Nanclares Sancho Gonçales of Heredia Ruy Sanches of Landa which were all principal Noblemen of the Prouince of Alaua Lopes of Velasco Gonçalo Gomes of Aguero Lopes Garcia of Salezar Lopes Inigues of Orozco Sancho Garcia of Salzedo D. Gonçales of Cauallos great Noblemen in the Mountaines who came al with D. Diego Lope Dias their Lord did there homage to the King D. Iaime promising to follow him against all Princes wheresoeuer he would lead them The affaires standing vpoÌ„ these termes likely to breake out into an open combustion those which loued peace labored in such fort as the Kings of Castille Arragon had an enterview at Soria where a new accord was made And for that the Estates which king Thibaud had in France Nauarre that is to say Champagne Brie required his presence or of some great personage Queene D. Marguerite went thether but she died in the towne of Prouince from whence she was carried to the Monastery of Cleruaux and there buried for this cause the king was forced to go himselfe wherefore he recommended his country of Nauarre to the king of
and heire to the crown of France promised vnto him long before King Thibaud had not any children by this Princesse wherefore his brother Henry succeeded him in the Realme of Nauarre He had one bastard-daughter called D. Marquise Children of king Thibaud the 2. whose mothers name was D. Marquise Lope de Rada who we may coniecture was allyed to that Gil de Rada who it may be for this iniurie left Nauarre and retired into Arragon where he did homage to the King D. Iaime for his castell of Rada This daughter was afterwards married vnto Don Pero Fernandes Lord of Ixar sonne to the King D. Iaime and to D. Theresa Gil of Bedaura whom he had secretly married as we haue sayd 9 It was at that time that by the commandement of D. Alphonso king of Castile Castile many learned men laboured to reduce into one body the booke of the lawes of Castile commonly called las siete partidas which the King D. Fernand had caused them to begin and which since hath beene augmented by the succeeding kings with many ordonances the which was reviewed againe by Pero Lopes Alcocer Compiler of the lawes of Spaine Doctor Escudero Pero Lopes Arrieta and in the end by Bartholomew of Ariença Lawyers these are the lawes by the which the Realmes of Castille and Arragon are gouerned and the administration and practise of Iustice in those countries This King Don. Alphonso giuen to study it may be more then was fit for a Prince which had so great a kingdome to gouerne Tables astronomicall of Don Alphonso caused also those famous Astronomicall tables to be made which carry his name hauing drawne into the citty of Toledo a great number of men learned in the Mathematickes and Physickes as well of his owne countries as out of Affricke and other parts both Christians and Arabians where be comprehends a certaine supputation of the heauenly motion of the starres and planets and of their aspects and incounters setting downe for a rule and fundamentall point of all astronomicall account the situation of Toledo where he consumed an infinit treasure Hee did beautifie these goodly Sciences of Physicke and Philosophie causing the writings of the Arabians and other Ancients to be put into more familiar tongues whereby he deserues that thankefull posteritie should maintaine a commendable memorie of his vertue yet he is to be blamed for that these honest exercises did so rauish his spirits and hindred the care he ought to haue had of the affaires of State that hee shewed himselfe so slacke and negligent as thinking to be Emperor he found himselfe not onely excluded from that dignity but also dispossest of his owne Realme hauing reaped no other fruites of his studies but the vaine surname of Wise and Learned Which doth admonish Princes to preferre action before contemplation yet ioyning the one to the other with moderation He left some markes of him in the Prouince of Guipuscoa in the town of Mondragon the which was so called by him for certaine causes whereas the auncient name was Arraçate and did indow it with great priuiledges whereof the letters are to be seene at this day Giuen in the towne of Exnatorafe called at this day as the Spaniards say Adelantamiento of Caçorla which are the most ancient letters which are to bee found in the Castillan tongue in all Spaine for vntill this Kings raigne all records instruments and publike writings were made in Latin but he brought in the Castillan style in all sorts of writings causing many bookes yea of the holy Scripture to bee translated into that tongue whereby it was much beautified In this priuiledge there are many assistants or witnesses named as well of his owne Realmes as strangers which shewes that his Court was frequented as if hee had beene peaceable Emperour by Princes and Noblemen of the Empire which are there named his Vassalls as Hugh Duke of Bourgongne Guy Earle of Flanders Henry Duke of Lorraine Lewis Earle of Beaumont and other Princes holding their Lands and reuenewes in fee of the Empire Many Princes of the Moores are there also named as Vassalls to this King In the same qualitie are named in this priuiledge Gaston Lord of Bearne Guy Vicount of Limoges who it may bee had some fees in Spaine or depending of the Empire Many also are named in this priuiledge as Benefactours Queene Violant his children Don Fernand and Don Sancho according to the custome of the Kings of Spaine and of witnesses a great number This king Don Alphonso did also cause a collection of the Histories of Spaine to bee made the which is read at this day called a generall Chronicle Beeing by reason of these things in great reputation and esteemed among strangers by the report as it is likely of learned men whome he did cherish in all countries The Sultan of Egypt a Turke which raigned then called Alâ—andexauer sent him presents of cloth and beastes of Egypt Lybia Aethiopia and other neighbor Countries strange vnto the Spaniards the which were requited by him with other gifts Beeing thus respected by Barbarians afarre off hee was contemned by them which held their lands dignities and liues of his bountie for in the yeare 1261. An. 1261. there beeing an assembly at Granado Moores of all the Princes Moores which held any lands in Spaine they made a league together and conspired all against him and without any long delay beeing long before prepared they went to field and forced the townes of Xeres Arcos Bejar Lebrixa Medina Sidonia Rota and Saint Lucar king Mahumet Aben-Alhamar of Grando beeing the chiefe against whome Garcia Gomes Gouernour of Xeres defended himselfe valiantly but it auayled not This reuolt did much annoy the elect Emperor Don Alphonso yet hauing sent some troupes of horse and foote the Moores which were disperst in the Christians countrie were soone supprest The Realme of Valencia had beene subdued by the king of Arragon Arragon so as that time D. Simon de Fosses beeing Vice-roy there was no alteration in those parts by the Moores yet this Prince was neuer in good quiet with his subiects by reason of the importunitie and contumacie of his eldest sonne Don Alphonso who did continually stirre vp new tumults vppon colour of portions betwixt him and his brethren a question which had bin handled but not decided in many Assemblies of the Estates and by Iudges appointed by them during D. Alphonso's life-time He died about the yeare 1260. soone after his marriage with Constance daughter to Gaston Lord of Bearne Death of D. Alphonso Infant of ArragaÌ„ In the yeare 1261. the marriage of the Infant D. Pedro was consummated who then tooke the degree of the eldest with Constance daughter to Manfroy Prince of Tarentum soone after the celebration of the marriage of his sister D. Izabel with Philip of France at Clermont in Auuergne After which solemnities the question for the Infants portions was reuiued with as bad successe as it
a miserable pursute the which he neuer ceased vntill he had driuen his aged father with griefe and heauinesse into the graue who indeed had worthily deserued all the miseries which fell vpon him for he shewed himselfe wilfull in his conceptions and many times without iudgement in his prodigality without reason and tractable to his owne losse sharpe and very seuere vnto those which did not applaud his actions but sought to perswade him to the contrarie And he was so vniust in his iudgements as appeared by his grand-children the sonnes of D. Fernand de la Cerde as it was an admirable thing so many imperfections should bee found in a king so studious yet it did not befit a son to be the scourge of his â—athers vices The new King of Portugall who would not trust king D. Alphonso his Grandfather was now in quarrell with his brother Portugal called also D. Alphonso whome he poursued with Armes but aswell this controuersie as that he had with his mother were pacified by the meanes of Don Sancho of Castile and of Don Pedro King of Arragon to whose daughter called Don Isabel borne of the Queene Don Constance daughter to Manfroy King of Naples this Prince was married which marriage was celebrated at Troncoso in the yeare 1282. with royall pompe about the time Don Sancho burst forth into open rebellion against his father This King Don Denis did afterwards enter into league with Don Sancho who drew vnto his seruice D. Iohn his brother besides D. Lope Diaz de Haro Diego Lopes his brother Ramir Diaz D. Nugno de Lara Don Pedro Aluares of the Asturies Fernand Roderigo of Cabrera and many others which were out of the countrie since the death of the Infant Don Fredericke and of Symon Ruis de los Cameros The Infant Don Sancho was so well beloued Castille as in a short time all men followed him leauing the king D. Alphonso poore and miserable The conspirators beeing assembled at Vailledolit they were all of opinion that D. Sancho should intitle himselfe king of Castile and of the other dominions which his father had enjoyed but hee shewed himselfe somewhat modest saying D. Sancho takes vpon him the regency and refuseth the title of king saying that he would not do his father that wrong to intitle himselfe King during his life time but would rest satisfied to be tearmed Infant of Castile the eldest and heire of those Realmes So. Sancho carried great respect vnto the king his father in words and vaine titles but he made himselfe king in effect ordayning lawes both for peace and warre disposing of Captaines and Gouernors and of the treasure at his owne will the king D. Alphonso beeing driuen to that extremity as hee was forced to send his royall Crowne with Iewels of inestimable value in pawne for 70000. doublons to Iacob Aben Ioseph Miralmumin of Maroc complaining vnto this Infidell king of the wrongs he had receiued from his sonne and subiects who were Christians They say that king Iacob beeing a Barbarian did heare of D. Alphonsos afflictions with teares in his eyes and shewing this royall Crowne vnto his Knights he sayd That he did willingly imbrace this occasion to succour a King of an ancient race with his person and goods against the impietie of a wicked sonne giuing so good an answer vnto the King D. Alphonso as he was much esteemed and commended of all men Necessitie and indignitie did so transport D. Alphonso as he accepted the Moores offer intreating him to passe the streights with his forces the which he did In the meane time D. Sancho married D. Mary daughter to D. Alphonso Lord of Molina his great vncle brother to the king D. Fernand the third who seeing himselfe supported by the kings of Arragon and Portugal came to Cordoua where by the aduice of the Noblemen and Knights of Castile that were present and by a decree pronounced by the mouth of D. Manuel in the name of the whole Nobilitie the king D. Alphonso was depriued of all his Realmes the causes they pretended were the death of D. Fredericke and of Symon Ruis obseruing no forme of Iustice nor any orderly proceeding the breach of the rights and priuiledges of the Nobility and the wasting of the treasor D. Iohn Nugnes de Lara nor D. Iohn Nugnes and Nugno Gonçales his children D. Aluaro Nugnes D. Fernand Perez Ponce with many others would not assist at this assembly nor consent vnto this act of so pernicious a consequence The Miralmumin Iacob Aben Ioseph past at Algezire with great troupes of horse and the two kings had an enterview at Zahara in Granado whereas he of Maroc arriued first The manner of this interview is worthy obseruation for the humanitie and courtesie which this mightie Moorish King vsed to a Prince of a contrarie Religion sometimes his enemie and deiected from his dignitie Hee caused a great and rich Pauillion to bee set vp in the open field in the which were two seates made like throanes the one beeing higher and more eminent then the other and hauing placed the chiefe Noblemen of the family of the Merins from whence he was descended at the entry he commanded them all to kisse k. D. Alphonsos feet and that they should not suffer him to light from his horse before he were neere vnto the Pauillion where beeing arriued King Aben Ioseph and hee imbraced one another like breethren and so entred into the Pauillion holding hands The royall and magnificent ceremonies which they vsed in their sitting downe were great and long either striuing to giue the more honorable place vnto the other but in the end the king of Castile was forced to sit in the highest the king of Maroc saying It was reasonable that D. Alphonso Humanity and modestie of the Moorish king a king descended of kings and borne of a king should be set aboue rather then himselfe whom God by his mercy had aduanced to that dignitie of late time These Monarkes beeing set they conferred of their affaires and hauing resolued king D. Alphonso returned to Seuile to gather together those small forces which were faithfull vnto him The Moore marched with his army towards Osuna and Estepa and then came to Eccia where the two kings ioyned and hauing taken Castro they presented themselues before Cordoua but the Infant Don Sancho had entred into it the night before with great troupes of horse where as they spent twenty dayes in vaine without any memorable act done by either side Rising from thence the king of Maroc with the consent of D. Alphonso did ouer-runne the champian country and going through the pace of Muradal he entred into the fields of Montiel destroying all he incountred and finding no resistance Returning towards Eccia D. Alphonso parted from Seuile to go and meet him D. Alphonso distrusts the King of Maroc according to the king of Marocs desire Beeing come vnto the campe king Don Alphonso grew into so great a distrust
Clement of Launay Viceroy of Nauar. the Realme of Nauarre was gouerned by a Gentleman called Clement of Launay in quality of Viceroy who defended it against the daily inuasions of the Arragonois A captaine of Nauarre whose name was D. Iohn Corbaran hauing the charge of the frontier towards Arragon was defeated and taken by D. Pedro Cornel an Arragonois The Nauarrois also entring into the country of Arragon besieged Tiermas but could not take it yet they did great spoiles About the end of the yeere there was a truce made betwixt these two Kingdomes and a defence made not to molest one an other vpon paine of death There was also a truce concluded betwixt Philip King of France and Nauarre and Don Alphonso King of Arragon during the which they sought meanes to make a peace betwixt them for the controuersies of Sicile and other places The death of Philip the third King of France being knowne in Castille the King D. Castille Sancho sent backe the Archbishop of Calaorra and the Abbot of Vailedolit his Ambassadors to Philip the faire his sonne to seeke some meanes of an accord for many considerations one and the most important was that the Kings of France father and sonne had beene the meanes at Rome to stop the dispensations of the marriage which D. Sancho had made with D. Maria his cousin These Ambassadors carried backe into Spaine an entervew of both Kings graunted in the towne of Bayonne yet they met not for the King of France would not passe the mount of Marçan and he of Castille staied at Saint Sebastians sending their deputies to treat and end their quarrels For King Philip there came Robert Duke of Bourgongne and others for the King of Castile came D. Guttieres Archbishop of Toledo Conference of Deputiâ—s for the Kings of France and Castille successor to the Cardinal D. Gonçalo with the Bishop of Calaorra Burgos and others The first demand which the French made and whereon they did insist was that the King D. Sancho should leaue his wife D. Maria to marry one of king Philips sisters which should be either Marguerite or Blanche which the Ambassadors of Spaine found to be out of reason and hauing giuen aduice thereof vnto their King who was neere he was so much offended as hee recalled them and would not haue the conference to proceed any further The Abbot of Vailledolit who was superintendent of the Kings reuenues by this voiage fell into disgrace with his master and was accused to haue put this sauage demand into the Frenchmens heads wherefore hee was straightly looked into and dismist from all affaires The King went from Saint Sebastians to Victoria where the Queen attended him from whence they past to Burgos from thence he went to Saint Iames in pilgrimage Passing by Sahagun he caused the bodies of the King D. Alphonso the sixth and the Queenes which were there interred to be remoued 5 His voyage being ended hee honoured D. Lope Diaz de Haro Haro Lord of Biseay exceedingly honored by the King D. Sancho Lord of Biscay with the dignity of high Steward and Standard-bearer of the realme of Castille giuing the suruiuance vnto D. Diego Lope de Haro his sonne with promise neuer to dispossesse them of their offices so as they did serue him and his sonne D. Fernand faithfully without affecting any other parties appointments or alliances the which they promised sollemnly vpon paine of losing Biscay and all they had in Castille and Leon and the King gaue into the hands of D. Lope for assurance of that which he had promised most of the forts in Castille By meanes of these things D. Lope Diaz was made Earle the first day of the yeere 1287. An. 1287. with command ouer all the country from Burgos vnto the sea To D. Diego Lopes de Haro the Earles brother was giuen the Gouernment of the Moores frontier about which time the marriage was made betwixt D. Iohn the Kings brother and D. Maria Diaz de Haro daughter to the Earle D. Lope who had a great desire to see the King D. Sancho diuorced from the Queene his wife to haue him marry the daughter of Gaston Lord of Berne his cousin hoping that the children which should come of that marriage should inherit those realmes and those which hee had had by Queene Mary should be excluded for that the marriage was made without the Popes dispensation but God did otherwise dispose This Princesse was brought in bed this yeere of her second sonne called Alphonso and then the King retired D. Isabel heire of the Estate of Molina whom her mother D. Blanch sister to Queene Mary would haue married to D. Alphonso King of Arragon This great power and authority which the King had giuen to the Earle D. Lope discontented many Noblemen of Gallicia but especially of Leon so as hee was prest to abate this power too great for a subiect the which hee abused but the King had no will to diminish any thing wherefore he tried to content them with good words and in the meane time he ordained that the Earle D. Lope should goe into the Marches of Galicia with good numbers of souldiars to suppresse such as would attempt any thing against his will The Earle D. Lopes held a garrison at Astorga and the King went an other way to see his Nephew D. Denis King of Portugal to reconcile him with D. Alphonso of Portugal who held some places vpon the frontiers of Leon where by reason of his quarrels hee kept some souldiers whether also some banished men of Castille retired themselues who made roades into the territories of Leon. The two Kings of Castille and Portugal met at the siege of Ronches and tooke it by composition by the which D. Aluaro de Lana who had retired himselfe to D. Alphonso of Portugall was restored to D. Sanchos fauour At this siege the King of Portugal did councel the King of Castille to humble D. Lope Diaz de Haro who did abuse the authority which he had giuen him tyranously else it was to be feared there would grow great troubles in Castille This aduice was wel taken by the King D. Sancho and from that time hee began to study by what meanes he might take away or diminish that extraordinary power but it was too late It is not the custome for such as are once mounted to stoope The Earle D. Lope finding the Kings intent retired to Gaston of Berne his cousin there to make some faction where he had newes of the death of D. Aluaro de Lara his competitor and enemy whereof he was exceeding glad and returned into Castille but he found that the King had giuen his offices and all that D. Aluaro had enioyed to his brother D. Iohn Nugnes de Lara of as D. Lope found himselfe preuented wherevpon he debaucht the Infant D. Iohn his sonne in law leauing the court much discontented D. Iohn made some roads about Salamanca wherefore the King being in
King Charles the Limping and he met in the valley of Iunquera either of them beeing accompanied with twelue gentlemen onely who carried no other armes then their swords and that there they ratefied and signed this accord as for the effects and execution thereof it is credible they followed in the time of his successor King D. Alphonso died in the seuen twentith yeere of his age hauing raigned fiue yeeres and seuen monthes Being nere his end he would bee attired in the habit of Saint Francis for an opinioâ— which raigned then that there consisted some great vertue in that weed and so hee was carried to the conuent of Franciscans at Barcelona About that time the King of Granado Moores had conference with the gouernor of the frontier of Castille for the King D. Sancho being called D. Fernand Perez Ponce de Leon and renued the treaty ad league with Castille for the cofirmation whereof there was a Moorish knight sent to the King to Burgos Isoeph Aben Iacob had succeeded his father Iacob Aben Ioseph in the realme of Maroc since the yeere of our Lord 1285. he hauing raigned fiue and twenty yeeres with the reputation of a generous Prince and a good Iusticer This yeere he past into Spaine and came to besiege Bejar but hee could not take it wherefore he returned into Affrike with little honour Meaning to returne some time after into Spaine with greater forces he could not passe beeing stayed by the fleete of Castille which was great and mighty for feare whereof he stayed vpon the bankes of Tanger for Benoist Zachary Admiral of Castille had taken thirteene galleys from him by fauour of which victory the King D. Sancho marcht into Andalousia to make an enterprise vpon Tarriffe By the way he conferred with D. Denis King of Portugal made a new league with Castille him and a future marriage was concluded betwixt D. Fernand of Castille and D. Constance of Portugal who were both very young And for the fulfilling of all promises in due time there were townes and castles deliuered in pawne of either side yet the King D. Sancho had no aide from him of Portugal in this expedition Being come to Seuile and hauing their ordained what was needful for the siege Tariffe was battred and furiously assaulted Tariffe taken by the Casillans and in the end taken the gard whereof was giuen to D. Roderigo maister of the Calatraua A little before a marriage had beene treated of by Ambassadors betwixt Don Iames the new King of Arragon and the Infant D. Isabel of Castille daughter to D. Sancho beeing onely nine yeeres old For confirmation whereof pacification of the troubles and other alliances the two Kings of Castille and Arragon met together in Calatajub in the yeere of our Lord 1292. An. 1292. but the marriage tooke no effect For as much as D. Iohn Nugnes de Lara the elder continued still to trouble the realm the King D. Sancho hauing taken Canette and Moya from him hee forced him to retire into France whether Ambassadors were sent soone after to renue the league with King Philip Don Sancho fearing that by some sinister reports hee might bee diuerted from his friendship Don Iohn Nugnes beeing absent Don Isabel of Molina his daughter in law died without any children whose inheritance fell to the Queene Donna Maria her aunt The Infant D. Iohn carrying still a hatred in heart against the King his brother rebelled againe ioyning with Don Iohn Nugnes de Lara the younger and drawing vnto his partie many Knights but the King pursued them in such sort as D. Iohn de Lara was forced to yeeld vnto his mercy and the Infant to flie into Portugal 11 About that time D. Alphonso Perez de Guzman liued in great reputation in Spaine beeing a wise and valiant Knight who had long serued the Miralmumin Aben Iacob of Maroc and his father leading their armies in qualitie of Lieutenant generall in the warres which they had against the other Moores of Affrike where hee had wonne honour and great riches with the which being returned into Spaine he purchased much land and great Seigneuries This knight and Donna Marra Alonço Cornel gaue beginning to the family of the Dukes of Medina Sidonia famous in our time in Spaine the Lords whereof in the begâ—inning intituled themselues Earles of Niebla Beginning of 〈◊〉 of Guzman and Dukes of Medina Sidonia To this D. Alphonso Perez de Guzman the King D. Sancho gaue the gouernment of Tariffe the which hee promised to keepe safely with lesse charge by two third parts then the Maister of the Calatraua had done The Earle Don Iohn Nugnes de Lara hauing continued some time in France had meanes to make his peace with the King and so returned into Castille where they did presentlie imploy him against the Infant Don Iohn of Castille and Don Iohn Alphonso of Albuquerque who with many other of their confederates spoiled the whole countrie of Leon but in an incounter hee was defeated and taken afterwards beeing but slieghtly garded hee found meanes to escape and came to the court at Toro whereas Queene Mary was deliuered of D. Beatrix her daughter in the yeere of our Lord 1293. An. 1293. The King Don Sancho beeing aduertised that Mahumet Mâ—r Almus Lemi King of Granado was like to make some attempt hee sent the Earle Don Iohn Nugnes de Lara with Don Iohn Nugnes his sone and Don Nugno Gonçales vnto the fronter The Earle of Lara the father beeing come to Cordoua died This motion of the Granadin Moore was but an idle brute wherefore the troupes returned And for that Don Denis King of Portugall died receiue the Infant Don Iohn of Castille and the other rebelles the King D. Sancho sent him word that according to their capitulations hee could not giue any retreat vnto his enemies and therefore he intreated him to cause them to depart his Countrie with all speed the which he did The Infant D. Iohn going to sea meaning to passe into France was driuen by a storme to Tanger from whence hee went to kisse the hands of the Miralmumin Aben Iacob who entertained him courteously and hauing conferred with him of the affaires of Spaine D. Iohn of Castille brings the Moores into Spaine against the King his brother knowing that he was desirous to annoy the King of Castille his brother hee offred him fiue thousand horse to make the enterprise of Tariffe the which D. Iohn did willingly accept returned into Spaine and besieged Tariffe thinking to finde it vnfurnished but D. Alphonso Perez de Guzman had wisely prouided and defended it valiantly It is not knowne by what accident a sonne of D. Alphonso Perez was fallne into the Moores hands but some Authors write that D. Iohn seeing there was no meanes to take this place by force hauing demaunded a parle hee led this child vnto the ditch and told the father who was vpon the walles that if hee did not
brother commanding the Cattelans at Calipoli suffred themselues to bee surprized by the Gouernor of Negrepont called Thibaâ—d of Sipoise who deliuered them to Robert King of Naples who caused them to die in prison by reason whereof the Cattelan troupes beganne to ouerrunne the country like made men without commanders and without order and falling vpon the country of Macedonie which was nere they past through it like a lightning ouerthrowing all they incountred vntill they came into the territorie of Athens whereas the French commanded staying there they demaunded to bee entertained in pay by Duke Gaultier but hee desirous rather to chase away this vagabond people who were poore and insolent The French deseated by the Cattelans in Greece and Gaultier of Brenne slaine went to incounter them with his forces to fight with them by whom notwithstanding hee was defeated and slaine and almost all his men By this victory the Cattelans made themselues Maisters of all that the French held in that country and lodged themselues there whereas since they had many commanders successiuely as D. Manfroy son to D. Frederic King of Sicile then D. Frederic Alphonso his brother who remained Gouernor there and married the daughter of Boniface of Verona a Nobleman of great power in Negrepont with others from thence is come the title of Dukes of Athens to the Princes of Arragon D. Fernand Infant of Majorca being deliuered out of prison through the fauour of Robert King of Naples Genealogie of Maiorca his kinsman married Isabel the heire of Morea by whom he had D. Iames who was King of Majorca after D. Sancho his vncle hee tooke Clarence and made many other conquests in Morea D. Fernand to to his second wife married a Princesse of Cypres of whom Fernand was borne who was husband to Eschiue daughter to Hugues King of Cypres After this second marriage and the birth of this sonne D. Fernand of Majorca Prince of Morea hauing performed great matters both in the East and West died in the floure of his age about the yeere of our Lord 1315. so as the affaires of the Arragonois in that countrie went to ruine He was the third sonne of D. Iames King of Majorca the first of that name whose posterity we haue gathered out of histories after this manner He had by his wife Esclermonde of Foix Iames his eldest sonne who being wholy giuen to deuotion left the succession of the realme to his yonger brother and became a Franciscan friar D. Sancho the second sonne was King after the father in the yeere of our Lord 1312. who hauing married the daughter of Charles the second King of Naples named Marie had no children by her wherefore dying hee left the Realme of Majorca to Don Iames sonne to his brother D. Fernand aboue named Of this first stemme of Majorca wee finde there issued these three sonnes D. Iames D. Sancho and D. Fernand and one daughter named D. Sancha married to Robert Duke of Calabria to the which some adde D. Philip the fourth sonne But returning to Spaine Nauarre we finde that about the time of these last wars of Granado whereof wee haue newly made mention or soone after the Nauarrois renued their old quarrels against them of Arragon to whom notwithstanding any accords they were neuer good friends so as going out of Pitiella a place then of the Kingdome of Nauarre they entred the neighbour country of Arragon and committed great spoiles whereat D. Iames King of Arragon being incensed hee sent an army to beseege that place but they were dislodged by the Inhabitants of Sanguesse a frontire towne of Nauarre being assisted by some French troupes Arragonois defeated who fought with them and they were defeated The Arragonois being returned againe into Nauarre and hauing runne as farre as the towne of Olite and forraged the country they were againe charged by them of Sanguesse and other neighbor places being ready to passe the riuer of Arragon at the ford of Saint Adrian and were there defeated with great slaughter of their men and the losse of the Standard royal of Arragon which they of Sanguesse carried away by reason whereof and in remembrance of their vertue and valour they carry for their armes by grant from King Lewis Hutin the bands gueules of Arragon but in a field argent 26 In the yeere of our Lord 1312. An. 1312. were the troubles of Lions vpon Rhosne Troubles at Lions betwixt the Inhabitants of the towne and their Archbishop Peter of Bresse by reason that he did vsurpe vpon the Kings Iustice King Philip sent his sonne the King of Nauarre thether who tooke this Prelat prisoner and sent him to the King his father for which cause and for that he durst presume to lay his hands vpon an Archbishop he was called Hutin or mutin as some say The citizens of Lion beeing pacefied they mutined againe by reason of the differences which they had with their Archbishop but they were supprest and punished by the same King of Nauar and reduced vnder the King his fathers obedience It was at that time that Marguerite Queene of Nauar the Countesse Ieanne of Poictiers Blanche of la Marche who had married the three brethren of France Lewis Hutin Philip and Charles were accused of adultry put in prison at Chasteau Gaillard of the which the Countesse Ieanne of Poictiers was found innocent and absolued but Marguerite Queene of Nauar and the Contesse Blanch being conuicted were condemned to perpetual prison whereas Marguerite died soone after the adulterers were put to death with cruel torments the which were Philip and Gaulter of Aâ—noy brethren An vsher of the chamber who serued as baud and messenger of their loues was hanged It is reported of this Queene of Nauar that seeing any faire yong man passe by shee caused him to be taken brought secretly at night into her chamber that after she had taken her dishonest pleasure with him she caused him to bee cast into the riuer of Seyne to the end hee should not vaunt thereof the which was discouered by a scholler who saued himselfe by swimming being not wel bound Thereof grew that ambiguous sentence Reginam interficere nolite timere bonum est This vnchastnesse is attributed by some to Ieanne mother to Lewis Hutin Queene of Nauarre who was a scourge to the Flemings and the cause of al the wars betwixt the King and them The king D. Fernand about the end of the war of Granado Castille gaue order for the building of Sauveterre and Azpeity in Guipuscoa granting then the rights preuiledges of Victoria he married his daughter Isabel to Duke Iohn of Brittaine and made D. Iohn Manuel of Castille sonne to D. Manuel Lord Steward of his house taking that dignity from his brother D. Pedro to whom in recompence he gaue Almaçan and Berlanga whereby it appeeres that these offices depended on the kings pleasure This D. Iohn Manuel had two daughters
stil roades and spoyling one of an other so as the Arragonois were forced to keepe great garrisons in those parts whereof the King of Arragon complayned to King Charles who commanded still that they should liue like neighbours and friends but he was not obeyed In the yeere of our Lord 1328. King Charles died at Bois de Vincennes haing raigned seuen yeeres and some daies leauing Queene Ieanne his wife with child who was deliuered of a daughter called Belanche married afterwards to Philip Duke of Orleance hee was buried at Saint Denis in France After the death of this King there were great quarrels and diuisions both in France and Nauarre In France for that during the Queenes being with child Edward King of England sonne to Isabel of France sister to the deceased King maintained that the Gouernment did belong to him One the other side Philip sonne to Charles Earle of Valois cousin germaine to the three last Kings said that the regency did belong to him as next heire to the crowne of France which did not belong but to males descended of males and was regent The Queene beeing deliuered at Bois de Vincennes of a daughter Philip of Regent was proclaymed King against the pretensions of Edward King of England who was put by vnder collour of the Salique law Herevpon followed great and continuall warres which had in a manner ruined France if God had not releeued it These contended a doubtfull title which belonged to neither of them if the crowne had fallne to the femal for Ieanne daughter to King Lewis Hutin did precede them al. 2 The death of King Charles beeing knowne in Nauarre this nation which was accustomed to liue licentiously for that they had not a long time seene the face of their Kings thought now they had gotten liberty to doe what they pleased so as they beganne to mutine and to raise seditions in all the townes of the realme In the end they discharged their choller vpon the Iewes who were dispersed throughout the townes in great numbers and very odious to the Christians as well by reason of the diuesity of religion Mâ—ssaker of Iewes in Nauarre as for their excessiue vsury whereby they did exhaust al their substance wherefore they beganne to spoile them in all places as enemies at Estella Viana Funes Marzilla and many other places with so great cruelty and greedinesse to get as it is sayd they slue aboue tenne thousand persons of that sect men women and little children To redresse which excesse and to take away the cause the Estates of Nauarre assembled at Puenta la Reyna to resolue without any respect to whom the realme of Nauarre belonged whether to Edward King of England or to D. Ieanne Countesse of Eureux The Estates were referred to Pampelone the chiefe towne of the Realme whereas their opinions were diuers many holding that King Edward should haue the Realme of Nauarre as grandchild borne of the daughter to Queene Ieanne daughter to King Henry rather then the Countesse of Eureux in regard of the sex others and with more reason held for the Countesse who was in the same degree but daughter to a sonne and heire to Queene Ieanne and peruailed drawing the rest to their opinion 3 Thus was Ieanne Countesse of Eureux declared the true and lawfull Queene of Nauarre D. Ieanne Queene of Nauarre in the yeere of our Lord 1328. the realme hauing beene vacant about foure monthes And vntill that she and Cont Philip her husband should come and take possession of the Realm An. 1328. they declared Regent and Viceroy D. Iohn Corboran of Leer Standard-bearer of the realme and Iohn Martines of Medrano Philip the third of that name the nine and twentith King of Nauarre PHilip Earle of Eureux sonne to Lewis of France who was sonne to Philip the third sonne to the King Saint Lewis is counted by vs for the nine and twentith King of Nauarre the third of that name and was surnamed the noble As soone as the Election was made by the Estates of Nauar they sent Ambassadors to Ph. of Valois the French King to let him vnderstand the reasons that the King elected had vnto the realme which had mooued the Estates to make this election and by the same Ambassadors they aduertised Philip of Eureux and Ieanne his wife thereof sommoning them to come and take possession of the realme and to gouerne it The French King did no way hinder it wherefore the Kings of Nauarre elect prepared for their voiage and arriued there about the beginning of the yeere of our Lord 1329. An. 1329. hauing not seene a King in their country of a long time The Prelats Knights and wise men of the realme before their comming had set downe in writing the conditions wherevnto they would receiue them in the succession of the realme the which before the solemnities of the coronation and oth they presented vnto Philip and to Ieanne his wife the which they yeelded willingly vnto The Estate beeing assembled at Pampelone these conditions were sworne by them whereof the principal Articles were 1 First to the Estates to maintaine and keepe the rights Articles sworn by the Kings of Nauarre lawes customes liberties and preuiledges of the Realme both written and not written and whereof they were in possession to them and their successors for euer and not to diminish but rather augment them 2 That they should disanull all that had beene done to the preiudice thereof by the King their Predecessours and by their Ministers without delay notwithstanding any let 3 That for the terme of twelue yeeres to come they should not coine any money but such as was then currant within the Realme and that during their liues they should not conine aboue one sort of new money and that they should distribute part of the reuenues profits and commodities of the realme vnto the subiects 4 That they should not receiue into their seruice aboue foure strangers but should imploy them of the country 5 That the forts and garrisons of the realme should be giuen to gentlemen borne and dwelling in the Country and not to any stranger who should doe homage to the Queene and promise for to hold them for her and for the lawfull heire of the countrie 6 That they should not exchange nor ingage the realme for any other Estat whatsoeuer 7 That they should not sell nor ingage any of reuenues of the crowne neither should make any law nor statute against the realme nor against them that should lawfully succeed therein 8 That to the first sonne which God should giue them comming to the age of twenty yeeres they should leaue the Kingdome free and without factions vpon condition that the Estates should pay vnto them for their expences a hundred thousand Sanchets which was a peece of gold then currant or in other French money equiualent 9 That if God gaue them no children in that case they should leaue the realme after
submitting himselfe to the Souveraignty of Arragon After all these things they thought to prouide for the reuolts of Sardinia whereas Barnabe d' Oria Reuolts in Sardinia beeing young and ill aduised had surprized Castle Geneuois and chased away the garrisons which were placed there by the vncles Cassan and Galeaz whom Azon Marquisse of Malespina did aide and support but Cassan and Galeaz Oria hauing incounted Azon and his troupes marching towards Castel Geneuois they fought with them defeated them and tooke Azon prisoner wee shall hereafter make mention of these new broiles but we must returne to the affaires of Castille and other countries of Spaine The league made in Castille Castile betwixt Don Iohn Manuel and Don Iohn the Blinde beeing broken by a treaty of a future marriage betwixt the King and D. Constance Manuel D. Iohn Manuel went vnto his Gouernment vpon the frontier wherevnto hee had beene in consideration thereof newly aduanced and remained at Cordoua from whence hee issued forth one daie beeing aduertised of a great troupe of Moores Granadins led by Ozmin who was chosen gouernor of the King and Realme of Granado and Commaunder of the souldiars about Antiquero the which hee charged sodainely and made a great and cruell slaughter of them vpon the riuer of Guadal-force beeing assisted by the holie Knights of Saint Iaimes Calatraua Alcantara and their Maisters Ozmin had beene chosen to his dignity by the Granadins Moores who were ignorant or at least dissembled how ill hee had beene affected to the deceased king Ismael seeing the power of the realme in his hands hee brake the truce without any cause and surprized Rute beeing il garded by the Christians beeing lawfull for him to dispose of the affaires of the kingdome during the minority of king Mahumet seeing there was not any man of authority to contradict him the good fathful Alguazil or Prouost who had put the scepter into the hands of Mahumet and reuenged his fathers death beeing dead in whose place was substituted a Christian renegado borne at Calçade whose name was Rodnan 7 King D. Alphonso during these things went from Burgos to Toro Castile where he sought by all milde courses to winne D. Iohn the Blinde seeming to haue a desire to giue him contentment and to honour him Treachery of D. Alphonso King of Castille against eishbloud wherevnto D. Iohn yeelded and beeing inuited to dine with the King vpon All Saints day thinking to make good cheere he was by the Kings commandement murthered with two Knights his vassalls called Garci Fernandes Sarmiento and Lopes Aluares of Hermosilla After this fact to vnseemely for a King who is the mirror of Iustice they made his processe who beeing layed vpon a Beere couered with a blacke cloath the King condemned him as a traitor and did confiscate all his goods and vnited them to the crowne hauing aboue fourescore townes and castles The deceased left one only daughter his heire the which was conueied into France by her Gouernesse and came to Bayone which at that time was held by the English and was afterwards wife to D. Iohns Nugnes de Lara D. Maria Diaz de Haro d. Iohns mother who was then in the Monastery of Peralez hearing of his death and wanting good councel Biscay sold to King D. Alphonso by the perswasion of D. Garcilaço de la Vega should the Siegneury of Biscay to the King the which was not confiscable for it was her patrimony yet the King did not enioy it very soone neither is the sale very certaine the murther of D. Iohn the Blinde comming to the knowledge of D. Iohn Manuel made him to stand vpon his gard wherefore leauing the fronter and the Kings forces hee retired to a castle of his called Chincilla where he fortefied himselfe from whence the King could not of a long time draw him notwithstanding all promises and assurances wherefore hee himselfe came to Seuille where hee made a stately entry and beganne to make warre against the Moores with great perparation both by land and sea Thether came a sonne of Ozmines called Abraham the drinker for that hee drinke wine who offered for to doe him seruice and hee was entertained On the othe side D. Iohn Manuell gaue the King of Granado to vnderstand that he was at his commaundement and that hee would giue him great meanes to anoy the King of Castile In the yeere of our Lord 1328. King Don Alphonso did beseege Oluera and tooke it by composition to haue their liues and goods saued in the meane time beeing aduertised that the Moores of Ayamont fearing a seege sent their wiues and vnnecessary people towards Ronde hee sent the troupes of Seuile to spoile them and to take this multitude prisoners Ruy Gonçales of Mancanedo who led this companie did effect what hee had in charge but seeking to attempt Ayamont the Moores within it made a verie furious sallie vpon him and his troupes and put them all to rout tooke away their Standard and slue him that carried it and but for the Archbishop of Seuile who made it good and withstood the force of the Barbarians with some knights and souldiars which hee had rallied together they had beene all cut in peeces The King after the taking of Oluera came to Pruna a strong towne which had a castle impregnable yet there were two Christians which did assure the King that they had a meanes to take it The King hauing giuen them a good troupe and set them to worke he gaue a generall assault to the towne with his whole army so as the beseeged holding themselues assured of the castle left onely two or three Moores to gard it Pruna taken by the Christians and went all to defend the towne whereby the two Christians with them that followed them had meanes to seize vpon the castle the vnexpected taking whereof made the towne to be presently yeelded From thence the Christian armie went to Ayamont and to the tower of Alfaquin the which yeelded without any resistance Alphonso Geoffrey Tenorio Admirall at Sea gaue battaile to two and twentie gallies some belonging to the King of Granado and some to him of Maroc the which he vanquished and tooke twelue hundred Moores hee sunke foure gallies and carried away three And for this yeere beeing 1328. there was no other exploite of warre done An. 1328. by reason of the rayne and winter approching which made the King returne to Seuile Don Iohn Manuel reuolted against his King and country by reason of disloyalty vsed to D. Iohn the blinde and allied himselfe with the Kings of Arragon and Granado being the more incensed with the newes hee had that the King treated a marriage with the Infanta of Portugal leauing his daughter D. Constance Manuel to whom hee was made sure we haue sayd The Infanta was called Mary and was daughter to King D. Alphonso who had in the yeere of our Lord 1325. succeeded King Denis his father in
retreat into Nauarre from whence they drew assistance of armes victuals and other things to make warre against him It is credible that the King of Arragon shewed himselfe patient in these things that he might not disapoint other desseignes of greater importance for knowing that Ieanne Queene of Nauarre was much honoured in France hee entertained her friendship to the end that by her meanes he might haue King Philip of Valois more fauourable vnto him who was incensed against him for D. Iames of Majorca This Lady laboured so as shee entertained peace betwixt them and confirmed againe the alliances past by a treatie of marriage which she propounded betwixt Charles Grand-child to King Philip and one of the daughters of the King don Pedro and of her daughter Donna Maria. This Princesse being come into France with Charles and Philip her sonnes to dispose of her lands and estates which she had there hauing left Iohn of Conflans Lord of Dampierre Marshal of Champagne for Gouernor in Nauarre she died at the end of the yeere 1349. fiue yeeres after the decease of her husband hauing held the Realme of Nauarre about two and twenty yeeres counting since the death of King Charles the Faire to whom succeeded her sonne Charles who was surnamed the Bad. The end of the foureteenth Booke SEMPER EADEM THE FIFTEENTH BOOKE of the Historie of Spaine The Contents 1 DOn Pedro first of that name the foureteenth King of Castile and fiue and thirty of Leon and his seuere beginning to raigne 2 House of Lara Lords of Biscay and the Siegneuries held by them 3 Vnfortunate marriage of D. Pedro King of Castile with Blanche of Bourbon Vnlawfull loue of this King with Donna Maria of Padilla persecutions and murthers of the Noblemen of Castile his second vnlawfull marriage and other excesse done by him 4 Refuge into France of D. Henry Earle of Transtamare bastard brother to the King of Castile 5 D. Charles called the bad the thirtith King of Nauarre and second of that name his sower disposition and rough proceedings in the pursuite of his pretended right to Brie and Champagne 6 Abolition of Caesars Aera in Arragon Girone made a Principality for the elder of Arragon warre of Sardinia 7 Cruel warre betwixt Castille and Arragon Cruelties of D. Pedro King of Castile against his subiects and against his owne bloud 8 D. Pedro the eight King of Portugal sole of that name 9 Vnfortunate loues of D. Pedro King of Portugal with D. Agnes Castro 10 Disposition of D. Pedro King of Portugal his equity and dilligence 11 Imprisonment of the King of Nauarre his escape and their proceeding against him in France 12 Proceedings of the warre of Castile and Arragon cruelties murthers and spoiles of D. Pedro King of Castile 13 Turbulent Estate of Granado treacheries and cruelties of D. Pedro of Castile against the Princes Moores 14 Practises betwixt the Kings of Castile and Nauarre and continuation of the warre betwixt Castile and Arragon 15 Disloyaltie of D. Pedro King of Arragon to D. Henry Earle of Transtamare 16 New accords betwixt D. Pedro King of Arragon and D. Henry Earle of Transtamare continuation of the warre against Castile 17 Accords betwixt Nauarre and Arragon against Castile Vnworthy death of D. Bernard of Cabrera 18 Returne of the Popes Sea from Auignon to Rome 19 Expedition made by D. Henry Earle of Transtamare into Castile against the King D. Pedro his brother and the Earles victory 20 Returne of the King D. Pedro defeat of D. Henry cruelties against the vanquished pollicies of the King of Nauarre during these quarrels 21 Ingratitude of the King D. Pedro to the English who had restored him his impieties tyranies and cruelties 22 Second expedition of Count Henry into Castile conquest of that Realme with the helpe of the French death of the King D. Pedro the cruel 23. D. Fernand sole of that name and ninth King of Portugal Kings of Spaine mentioned in this fifteenth Booke CASTILE and LEON 14. D. Pedro. 1. 35. NAVARRE 30. D. Charles 2. PORTVGAL 8. D. Pedro. 1. 9. D. Fernand. 1. D. Pedro the first and sole of that name surnamed the cruel the foureteenth King of Castile and fiur and thirtith of Leon. THe beginning of the raigne of D. Pedro sonne to D. Alphonso of Castile was in the yeere 1350. An. 1350. in the which Pope Clement the sixth ordained that the Iubile which they had beene accustomed to celebrate yet without any ground euery hundred yeere amongst Christians should from that time be kept from fifty to fifty yeeres after the manner of the Iewes D. Pedro was at Seuile with the Queene his mother when the King his father died where his obsequies being made they consulted for the ordring the Estate of the new Kings house and the affaires of the Kingdome D. Leonora of Guzman her children kinsfolkes and friends being in great perplexity at the death of King D. Alphonso retired themselues into diuerse parts of the realme This yong King being but fifteene yeeres old began his raigne with cruelty D. Pedro King of Castile cruel in which vice he continued his whole life but to his cost D. Leonora being sollicited by some Knights to come to Seuile she came vpon their faith but she was presently apprehended and put in prison to satisfie the rage of iealousie of Queene Mary the Kings mother Leâ—nor of Guzman the deceased kings mâ—stres 〈…〉 by the widow Queene wherevpon D. Henry Earle of Transtamare and some of his brethren children to this Lady thought to fortefie themselues in Algezire but they were set vpon and forced to flie some into Portugal some else-where against whom the King was more incensed then before for the marriage which followed betwixt D. Henry Earle of Transtamare and D. Ieanne Manuel daughter to D. Iohn Manuel one of the mightiest Princes in Spaine next vnto the King to which marriage the King D. Pedro himselfe aspired This being accomplished the married couple were forced to flie into the Asturiâ—as to auoide the Kings fury Quarrels touching the successor to the crowne of Castile who the same first yeere being fallne into a great sicknesse and almost abandoned by the Physitions hee descouered the hearts and disposition of the Princes and Noblemen of his Realme by the quarrels they entred into for the successor to the crowne thinking the King would die Some being of opinion to call D. Fernand or Arragon Marquisse of Tortose Nephew to the deceased King sonne to D. Leonora his sister others giuing their voice to D. Iohn Nugnes of Lara Lord of Biscay issued by the mothers line from the bloud royal Castile of which party were D. Alphonso Fernand Cornel and Garsilaço de la Vega the contrary party was held by D. Iohn Alphonso of Albuquerque a Knight of great credit with the Queene mother The Kings recouery ended this controuersie touching him that should succeed to the crowne but it gaue beginning and force to
Iohn Infants of Arragon with many other knights followed him He tooke D. Maria of Padilla from Montalban brought her to Toledo These that were about him preuayled so by their intreaties as he returned to Vailledolit to his wife but he stayed but two dayes and went away againe leauing the Lady much perplexed at these strange courses The Queene D. Blanche retired with the Queene-mother to Tordesillas and the king returned to D. Mary of Padilla who entertained the hatred and dislike which the king had of his wife that shee alone might enioy him It is written by Diego of Valera that among all the precious iewels which the Queene had brought out of France there was a rich girdle which she presented to the king her husband the which D. Mary of Padilla hauing in her power she found out a Iew Girdle inchanted a Magitian which did inchant it so as when the king would put it on beeing amazed and demanding what Prodigie it might be his minions who were allyed to his concubine answered that they were the goodly presents which this French Gentlewoman had brought him Whereupon he was much incensed against this poore Lady In the meane time D. Tello the kings base brother married D. Ieanne the eldest daughter of D. Iohn Nugnes de Lara deceased whereuppon by this marriage he became Lord of Biscay and of the other places and lands aboue-mentioned the which did much offend the king causing him to grow into a greater furie and rage against him and the rest then before whereof the sharpest effects were against them that reprooued his leud life and the indignities he did vnto the Queene his wife whom for spite hee caused to be led to Areualo with a guard and vnder the custodie of Don Pedro Gudiâ—l Bishop of Segobia and a Bourgesse of Toledo in whome he trusted his name was Tello Palomochio as a prisoner and began to displace all the Officers of her house and al others which had beene aduanced by the fauor of D. Iohn Alphonso of Albuquerque hee tooke away the Office of Chamberlaine from Guttiere Fernandes of Toledo and gaue it to Diego Garcia of Padilla brother to his Mistris that of Cup-bearer which Iohn Rodrigues of Viedma held was giuen to Aluar Garcia of Albornoz the allowance of diet was taken from Guttiere Gomes of Toledo and giuen to Pero Gonçales of Mendoça a great Lord in Alaua from whence are descended the Dukes of Infantazgo In Seuile the king did also change many of the chiefe Officers of the Realme which had beene aduanced by the fauour and councell of Don Iohn Alphonso of Albuquerque giuing them to others that were recommended by Diego Garcia of Padilla and Iohn Fernandes of Hinestroça namely he looke the gouernment of the frontier from Don Garcia Fernandes Manriquez and aduanced Fernand Perez Puerto Carrero Thus the king altered things within his Realme forced the greatest to humble themselues and to sue vnto the kinsfolkes and fauorites of Donna Maria of Padilla hating all them deadly that did but tell him that he ought to loue Donna Blanche the Queene his wife and liue Christian-like and honestly with her as Don Gil Carillo of Albornoz Arch-bishop of Toledo had sought to do who being of his councell and a Prelate of great dignitie in Spaine had presumed to reprehend his disordered life in that behalfe Arch-bishop of Toledo forced to leaue Spaine but hee tooke it in so ill part as this reuerent man was forced to abandon all the liuing hee had in Spaine and retire to Auignon to Pope Clement by whose successor Innocent the sixth who came to the Popedome that yeare 1353. he was made Cardinall and in his life-time they proceeded to a new election in the Arch-bishoppricke of Toledo and Primacie of Spaine putting in his place one Don Blaise This King made himselfe to be feared and so much hated of all the Noblemen of his Realme as euery man made choice of a party and sought how to assure himselfe from his fury and violence Don Iohn Nugnes of Prado Master of Calatraua a friend to Don Iohn Alphonso of Abuquerque retired into Arragon to the Commanderie of Alcaniz but the king who had a desire to haue him in his power sought all meanes lawfull and vnlawfull to assure him so as he made him come vppon his faith and promise that he should haue to harme This good Knight who found himselfe guiltlesse of any crime but that he had beene a friend to the Lord of Albuquerque came into Castile to the towne of Almagro but he was presently beseeged by the kings commandement by Don Iohn de la Cerde and by Peter Nugnes of Godoy who notwithstanding did secretly aduice him to returne into Arragon before that the king who was gone out of Seuile to come thither were arriued the which he would not do saying That he found his conscience free from all rebellion and that he had no cause to feare to put himselfe into the kings mercy but it succeeded ill for him The king beeing come the master came vnto him and cast himselfe at his feet intreating him to receiue him in his iustifications but this cruell Prince refusing to heare him him Imprisonment and murther of D. Iohn Nugnes of Prado master of Calatraua depriued him instantly of the Master-ship of Calatraua the which he gaue to Diego Garcia of Padilla and commaunded that he should bee carried prisoner to the castell of Masqueda whereas Stephen Domingo of Auila commanded an there within few dayes after he was murthered by Diego Lopes of Portas seruant to Diego Garcia of Padilla whereof the king would haue excused himselfe saying That it was done without his commandement but it appeared sufficiently that he was not discontented there-with Going from Almagro the king came before the towne of Medellin belonging to the Lord of Albuquerque whereas Diego Gomes of Silua a Knight of Galicia a commanded the towne yeelded fearing the kings furie and soone after the castle the which the king in disdaine of the Lord of Albuquerque caused to be instantly razed after which hee led his army before Albuquerque the which was held in the name of their Lord by Martin Alphonso Botello a Genlteman of Portugall and vnder him commanded Peter Esteuanez Carpintero Commander maior of Calatraua The King hauing summoned them to yeeld the place vppon refusall he proclaymed them Rebels whereof the Portugall who was not his subiect made no accompt The Commander excused himselfe saying That the place was not in his power Wherefore he past on towards Cobdesera another place belonging to Don Iohn Alphonso the which he would not take so as after some skirmishes he left Don Henry Earle of Transtamare and Don Frederic Master of S. Iames his breethren who followed him against their wils and he came to Caceres Afterwards he resolued to send ambassadors into Portugall whither the Lord of Albuquerque was retired to demand him of the king of Portugall as his
subiect and a rebell but the king of Portugall excused himselfe and sought to bring D. Iohn Alphonso of Albuquerque again into fauour but it tooke no effect for D. Iohn Alphonso entred into league with the Erle of Transtamare who was one of these Ambassadours and with Don Frederic master of Saint Iames and they proceeded so farre as beeing thrust on with hatred and disdaine of their king they sought to perswade D. Pedro Infant of Portugall to ioyne with them promising to make him king of Castile shewing him that hee had a title beeing Nephew or Grand-child to King Sancho the Braue sonne to his daughter Donna Beatrix But the king Don Alphonso his father crost this proiect and would not suffer his sonne to ingage himselfe in this enterprise The more to haue modestie in contempt and to ouerthrow all diuine and humane lawes 1354. the king Don Pedro in the yeare 1354. wihtout any dispensation from the Pope but onely assisted by two bishops his owne creatures Sancho of Auila and Iohn of Salamanca caused himselfe by their sentence to bee separated from the Queen Donna Blanche and in the towne of Cuellar hee married a Ladie widow to Don Diego of Haro called Donna Ieanne of Castro Second marriage of King D. Pedro his first wife yet liuing daughter to Don Pedro of Castro of whose exquisite beauty hee was much enamoured hauing married her hee had newes of this league made by his breethren with Don Iohn Alphonso of Albuquerque wherefore hee went from Cuellar and gaue this Lady her last adiew who retired to Duegnas where shee past her dayes hauing brought the King a sonne who was named Iohn and causing herselfe to be styled Queene of Castile and Leon. To oppose himslfe against this new conspiracie the king beeing come to Castro Xeris he made the marriage of the Infant Don Iohn of Arragon his cousin with Donna Izabella the second daughter of the deceased Don Iohn Nugnes of Lara And for that hee vnderstood that Don Tello his brother followed the partie of Don Henry and Don Frederic his other breethren he would haue Don Iohn of Arragon take vpbon him the title of Lord of Biscay From thence he past to Toro leauing Donna Maria of Padilla at Castro Xeris beeing readie to be deliuered of a daughter which was named Donna Constance future wife to the Duke of Lancaster an Englishman The Confederates were fortified by Don Fernand of Castro brother to Donna Ieanne married and suddenly abandoned by the King is hatred of the contempt of his sister This king seeing that so many great personages rebelled against him imputing all the cause of this mischiefe vnto his wife the Queene Donna Blanche he caused her to bee taken out of the castell of Areualo and conducted to Toledo Don Iohn Fernandes of Hinestroça Vncle to Donna Maria of Padilla hauing taken the charge thereof This pore Princesse seeing her selfe in her enemies hands and attending nothing but death from her cruell husband as soone as she was entred into the cittie of Toledo shee intreated them to lead her directly vnto the great Church vnder color of deuotion the which was granted her but beeing once entred she would not go foorth but challenged the priuiledge of the place so as presenlty all the cittie of Toledo shewed themselues for her euery one pittying her vnworthie vsage wherefore Don Iohn Fernandes of Hinestroça durst not attempt to force her but returned vnto the king beeing at Segure de la Sierre whither he was come to make warre against Don Frederic Master of Saint Iames. At this newes the king came in a furie to Ocagne and there in the place of Don Frederic Master of S. Iames hee created D. Iohn Garcia of Padilla Master of S. Iames married Lord of Villagera brother to his mistris D. Maria of Padilla the first of all the Mastes of S. Iames that was married In the mean time the Inhabitants of Toledo in generall resolued to keepe the Queene within their towne from all violence and not to receiue the king vntill he were reconciled and did promise to lead an honest life with her As the incensed King thought to be reuenged of all these things he found himself abandoned by many Noblemen of his trayne among the which were the Infants of Arragon his cousins and Don Lopes Sanches of Abendagno great commander of Castile who beeing discontented with his excesse as well in the course of his life as in the gouernment of his Realme and at his ill vsage of the Nobility they ioyned with his brethren and with the citty of Toledo and all those of Andalusia and other Noblemen and Communalties who altogether made petition vnto the King beleeching him that for his owne honour and the publike good he would leaue the company of Donna Maria of Padilla and liue with the Queene Donna Blanche his wife as God had commanded him and common honestie required and that he should gouerne his realm by the good and faithfull councell of good men Donna Leonora his aunt Queene Dowager of Arragon presented this petition vnto him the reuerence of this Lady gaue the confederates hope to obtayne something but she laboured in vine for the king was so much incensed against the confederates and on the other side did so doate on D. Maria of Padilla as he made no accompt of this admonition so as the whole Realme was in combustion and the Princes with others of their faction came to Medina del campo whereon they seazed There Don Iohn Alphonso of Albuquerque was poisoned by an Italian Phisition called Paul Romain beeing hired thereunto by the king D. Iohn Alphonso of Albuquerque poysoned He was Grand-child to Don Denis King of Portugal within few dayes after there were aboue seuen thousand horse at Medina del campo holding the Q. D. Blanches party and the confederates presented a new petition vnto the king who had taken his way to Toro and the chiefe of them spake vnto him about Tejadillo neere vnto Toro beeing fifty Knights in field of either side but they preuayled nothing for the king leauing all went to Vruegna where Donna Maria of Padilla was to bee merry with her Queene Mary the kings mother receiued the Confederates into Toro and wrought so as she drew the king thither where they began to make a kind of accord and to dispose of the Offices of the kings house and of Gouernments and places displacing some and aduancing others as they thought good and namely they disappointed all them of Padilla and their adherents the which the king ratified but against his will as it appeared soone after for he made a dispatch from Tordesillas to Don Pedro Infant of Arragon Earle of Ampurias who gouerned the country of Arragon the King his Nephew beeing then in Cattelogne by the which he complayned of that his subiects had forced him vnto intreating him by the bond of their allyance to be his friend and thereupon he came to
marriage betwixt D. Fernand King of Portugal and D. Leonora of Castile daughter to the King D. Henry although it tooke no effect no more then two others which D. Fernand had contracted two yeeres before with the house of Arragon when as this King of Portugal with those of Arragon Nauarre and Granado iealous of the greatnesse of the new King of Castile had made a league together For confirmation of this league the King of Arragon had sent D. Iohn of Villaragur and Bernard of Miragle Ambassadors to these Princes who being in the court of Portugal propounded a marriage betwixt the Infant D. Iohn of Arragon Duke of Girone and D. Maria sister to the King of Portugal the which was so pleasing vnto the King D. Fernand as for a final conclusion thereof he sent D. Iohn Alphonso Tello Earle of Barcellos his greatest fauorit into Arragon with a good number of gallies and many Iewels and rich presents The Earle treating with the King about this marriage of the Infants he entred also into speech to marry the King D. Fernand his maister with D. Leonora of Arragon his daughter wherevnto the King D. Pedro gaue eare and vpon this hope their league against D. Henry King of Castile was the more confirmed as these marriages were for some considerations delaied in the end they were by this peace betwixt Castile and Portugal quite broken and in like sort that which was concluded at Alcantin betwixt the King D. Fernand and D. Leonora of Castile was disapointed by the disordred passions wherevnto the King D. Fernand did abandon himselfe to enioy D. Leonora Telles of Meneses his owne subiect wife to D. Laurence Vasco of Acugna a knight of Portugal taking her from her husband and kept her to himselfe like vnto Ocatuius Caesar who tooke Liuia the wife of Tiberius Nero with whom he was in loue 3 By the peace made betwixt Castile and Portugal the King D. Henry recouered all the townes of Castile and Galicia Castile which had beene held by the Portugal faction The Estates were then assembled at Toro Estates at Toro where they were about to make many lawes in this new raigne Among others the Iewes and Moores inhabiting in the townes of Castile were enioyned to weare a marke vpon their garments to distinguish them from others Orders for Iewes apparel◠About that time D. Philip of Castro being of the bloud royal of Arragon was slaine by his owne subiects striuing to get the possession of the Siegneury of Paredes belonging to his wife D. Iean sister to the King D. Henry Murther of D. Philip of Castro daughter to D. Leonora of Guzman D. Philip left one only daughter for his heire Vpon the good agreement which was at the time betwixt the French Kingt and him of Arragon Arragon there was a marriage concluded betwixt D. Iohn duke of Girona and D. Iean of France daughter to King Philip of Valois whom he had in his latter daies by Queene Blanch his second wife daughter to Philip of Eureux King of Nauarre At that time there was a confederacy made in Cattelogno al the Nobility of that Prouince taking armes against the Earles of Vrgel and Ampurias and the Viconts of Cardoua and Castlebon who pretended to be the chiefe and Lords of the Nobility in Cattelogno and maintainned that all the rest of the Nobility were their subiects but the King taking the quarrell in hand said that the Nobility did not acknowledge any superior but himselfe and supprest their deseignes The Arragonois affaires in Sardinia VVarre in Sardynia being almost ruined were somewhat repaired by Bienvenu Graphie a captaine of some Sicilian gallies who passing vpon occasion along that shoare releeued Cailleri and Alguer and gaue meanes to the Earle of Quirra Gouernor for the King of Arragon to victual Ioyeusegarde Aquafredda Saint Michel and Quirra Then was Brancaleaon of Oria brought vnder the King of Arragons obedience and opposed to Marian Iudge of Arborea who notwithstanding was so fortunate as had he beene any thing assisted by the Geneuois hee had quite chased the Arragonois out of the Island but that state hauing made a peace with the King of Arragon they maintained it faithfully Dominike of Campofregoso being Duke of Genoua D. Pedro King of Arragon thinking his honour much interresssed if he did not punish this Iudge Marian who troubled him so much entertained a great number of English and other strangers both horse and foote to send into Sardynia for the payment of which troupes and other necessary charges of this warre he imposed great tributs vpon his subiects of Arragon Complaint of the Arragonois Valence and Cattelogne by a decree of the Estates wherewith the people found themselues greuously oppressed by reason whereof there were complaints and murmuring throughout the whole realme What a miserable thing say they was the guift of this cursed island to our Kings of this barren and now vnmanured soile bearing no fruite full of woods and marishes vnder a pestilent and vnholesome aire inhabited by sauage people treacherous and full of vanity which hath consumed and swallowed vp so many braue and valiant men of Arragon and wasted so much treasure let the King leaue it with a mischiefe to the Geneuois for a perpetuall subiect of quarrels and warre both among themselues and with their neighbours and so hee shall take a large reuenge for the Realme of Arragon both of them and of the Sardyniens Notwithstanding these discontentments of the people the King D. Pedro did what he could to keepe the Island As for the affaires betwixt Castile and Nauarre the new King D. Henry found many difficulties Nauarre by the absence of the King of Nauarre Queene Ieanne his wife who gouerned the country refusing to conclude any thing touching the restitution of the townes of Logrogno Saluaterra Alaua Victoria and Santa Cruz of Campeço vsurped from the crowne of Castile for the King D. Charles knowing since the yeere 1370. that the English and French would fall againe to armes thinking it a fit occasion to recouer the lands and rights which hee pretended to bee of his ancient patrimony and held by the French King he past the mountaines and went to Cherbourg in Normandy not once approching neere the court of France hauing no confidence in his brother in law King Charles the fifth At his departure hee had left Queene Ieanne his wife Gouernesse of his Realme and for councell hee had giuen her D. Bernard Foucault Bishop of Pampelone and D. Iohn Crusat Deane of Tudele The townes of Saluaterra and Real were restored by the Queene Gouernesse to the King of Arragon and a league treated with this King hauing sent Doctor Iohn Cruzat with others to Tortose Their accords tended to the preiudice of Don Henry King of Castile with whom afterwards the Kings of Portugall and Granado ioyned as wee haue sayd all which things were ratefied and confirmed by the King
husband hee was so indiscreet as to tell the Queene thereof aduertising the Queene of the Earles smal respect vnto her and of his impudency whereof she who wished him well did not seeme to care wherefore D. Gonçal doubted that this was the cause of his imprisonment and that the Queene would dispatch him before the King should be aduertised thereof Being thus imprisoned the Queene did counterfet letters from the King vnto Vasco Martines of Merlo captaine of the castle of Ebora by the which he was commanded to murther these two personages but being a discreet man and considering the quality of the prisoners thinking that he must not proceed so lightly to the execution thereof hee forbaâ—e vntill he had spoken with the King to whom he went the day after this charge to know if it were his pleasure that the maister of Auiz and Gonçal Vasques should bee put to death The King answered that he knew not of it commanding him not to touch them and so he sent him backe enioyning him to kepe it secret and soone after he went from Ebora whereas the Queene remained who seeing that her deseignes did not succeed she tooke a milder course and sought to bee reconciled to these two personages who were freed from their irons and within few daies after set at liberty Some time after the Queene being at masse she caused them to come vnto her shewing them the best countenance they could desire and inuited them to dinner the which they did vnwillingly accept fearing she would cause them to be poisoned Impudency of the Queene D. Leonora yet they did eate in the Queenes lodging in the company of the Earle of Oren to whom after dinner discoursing of her rings and iewels she gaue in their presence a Ring set with a rich ruby pressing him to take it although he excused himselfe to the end she might not forget any thing to be held very impudent Amidest these tumults D. Isabella the Kings bastard daughter who had beene made sure by the last treaty of peace to D. Alphonso of Castile Earle of Gijon base sonne to King Henry was married at Burgos whereat the Earle was much greeued an vnfortunat marriage of which there was one sonne borne who was called D. Henry But the marriage which was made betwixt D. Beatrix sister to the King D. Fernand and D. Sancho Earle of Albuquerque was blessed of God so as a daughter which they had called D. Leonora the sole heire of her fathers great Estates was married to D. Fernand Infant of Castile Lord of Lara and Duke of Pennafiel sonne to the King D. Iohn the first then raigning which D. Fernand came afterwards to be King of Arragon and Sicile Shee was Queene of these realmes and mother of fiue children renowned by the Histories of Castile and Arragon of whom we shall heereafter make mention This King Fernand of Portugal being in good peace with his neighbours considering what had happened in the city of Lisbone Buâ—ldings made by D. Fernand King of Portugal in the last warre of Castile for want of good walles he caused it to be fortified and walled about from Saint Catherins gate vnto Saint Vincents And as hee was carefull of this publike worke so hee did gratefie the Franciscan Friars of Saint Iren causing the quier of their church to be built with other workes of deuotion This is all we finde in Histories of the affaires of Portugall vnto the yeere of our Lord 1380. An. 1380. that the aboue mentioned marriage betwixt Don Henry sonne to King Iohn the first of Castile and Donna Beatrix the daughter of Portugal was concluded with the aboue named conditions for the succession of the two Realmes by the suruiuance of the two Kings About the end of this yeere Castile Donna Leonora Queene of Castile was brought in bed at Medina del Campo of her sonne D. Fernand aboue named who came to be King of Arragon as we will shew At that time Spaine was a Neuter in regard of the obedience which the two Popes pretended The King of Castile acknowledgeth the Pope at Auignon and did affect in the Christian common weale continuing some time in this Neutrality by reason of the disagreement of the Prelats who were assembled for that cause onely at the instance of the Ambassadors of the two Popes Clement and Vibain but soone after it was declared by a sentence giuen by the King of Castile and his councell that his countries should acknowledge Clement the seuenth for Pope and Christs Vicar he being resident at Auignon the King D. Iohn inclyning therein as in other things to the French The deuotion of men in Spaine and other places in those daies was contrarie to that of more ancient times for whereas before they thought they could not giue sufficient to the Clergy to augment their houses and reuenues now euery one sought to spoile them and to vsurpe their lands and reuenues whereof the Abbots and Conuents of the Order of Saint Benet in Spaine hauing complained they had a notable sentence by Iudges deputed by the King for that businesse against many Noblemen and Knights which detained their goods yet they still incroched vpon them all they could In the yeere of our Lord 1381. died D. Ieanne Queene of Castile An. 1381. mother to the King D. Iohn who through great deuotion had in a manner all her life time carried the habit of Saint Claire and died in it and appointed she should be buried in it A great argument of the religion of that time She lies at Toledo in the Chappell of the last Kings The peace betwixt the Kings D. Iohn of Castile and D. Fernand of Portugal was broken Portugal by the bad councell of a Knight who had beene accustomed to bee often shut vp with the Queene of Portugall and was her fauorite hee was Earle of Oren. To giue some collour and beginning to this warre the King D. Fernand sent to Iohn Duke of Lancaster perswading him that as husband to D. Constance daughter to the deceased King D. Pedro of Castile and Leon Mignon of Queene Leonoras puts Castile and Portugal in war hee should pursue his right which hee pretended to those Realmes The English Prince relying vpon the fauour of Portugal with the consent and aide of King Richard his Nephew raised a thousand men at armes or Launces and a good number of foote whereof he gaue the charge to his brother Edmond of Langley Earle of Cambridge who led them into Spaine for that the Duke could not goe in person to this warre The English army arriued vpon the coast of Portugal whereas the warre was already violent for the King of Castile beeing aduertised of this practise had let his army into the country and taken the towne of Almoyda And at sea euen vpon the arriuall of the English army Fernand Sanches of Tour Admirall of Castile had taken twenty gallies of Portugal with their Admirall D.
the sort or castle of Tafalla As for Fillot of gramont hee continued three yeeres in prison and then was deliuered In the meane time the King Don Charles beeing in great care for the detention of his sonne in France hee caused Don Iohn King of Castile to bee sollicited by Donna Leonora his daughter in law who was retired into Castile to the King her brother who was strictly allied and a friend to the French Deliuery of Prince Charls in sauor of the King of Castile to bee a meadiator for the deliuery of the Infant Don Charles The King of Castile desirous to gratefie his sister imployed his best meanes to the young French King and his Gouernors and did so importune them by messages letters and Ambassages as they set the Infant Don Charles of Nauarre at libertie As for Don Pedro his younger brother and Donna Maria his sister they had beene released before Don Charles soone after his deliuery hee went into Nauarre to the great content of all the Nauarrois It was a great hatred and mallice in the King Don Charles the Father for to attempt such a wickednesse against the princes of France who shewed their generositie in consenting to the deliuerie of the Infant who was not guilty of his fathers offence who in all his actions was of so sower a disposition Disposition of D. Charles King of Nauarre as hee could not pursue his rights nor treat of any affaires with other princes but in choller and disdaine and whereas he could not obtaine and bring to passe what hee pretended hee had recourse to synister and vnlawfull practises desiring to reuenge himselfe of those that did him any iniury by what meanes soeuer Hee had one sister called Donna Agnes married vnto Gaston Earle of Foix called Phebus who for the wrongs hee had done vnto her husband was verie ill intreated by him so as shee was forced to leaue his companie and to retire into Nauarre who was soone after followed by a sonne shee had by him called Gaston where both beeing receiued and honoured by King Charles conferring often with his sister of her husbands bad vsage hee conceiued such a hatred against the Earle Gaston as hee drew young Gaston their sonne to poison his father and gaue him a venimous poulder to that end telling him that it was a remedy to make him change the hatred hee bare him and his mother into loue This young Nobleman beeing simple and ill aduised beleeuing what the King his vncle had said vnto him he returned into Foix to his father with an intent to season him some meate with this poulder Misâ—rable death of young Gaston of Foix. but hee could not so play his part but casting the poulder into the meate it was perceiued by the cookes or otherwise discouered wherefore the Earle commanded his sonne and onely heire to bee taken causing him to die miserably in prison so as after him hee left none but bastards which did not succeed in the Earledome of Foix one of them was Bernard who serued Henry the second King of Castile in the conquest of the realme against the King D. Pedro and was rewarded by him and endowed with lands and Estates in Castile from whom descended the dukes of Medina Celi or Zelim who by the mothers side belong to the bloud of Castile according to the order which followeth D. Fernand de la Cerde Beginâ—ing of the house of Celi or Zelim eldest sonne to D. Alphonso the Wise or the Philosopher left two sons D. Alphonso and D. Fernand of D. Alphonso married into France came D. Lewis Earle of Clermont and D. Charles or Iohn according vnto some Constable of france and Earle of Angoulesme D. Lewis Earle of Clermont married in Andalusia Don Leonora of Guzman daughter to D. Alphonso Peres of Guzman and was Lord of Hulua and of Port Sancta Maria and other lands in the right of his wife of which marriage issued Don Lewis Don Iohn and Donna Isabella de la Cerde This Donna Isabella was by the King Don Henry the second being setled in the realme of Castile married to Bernard bastard of Foix and had in dowry Medina Celi with the title of an Earle of them came D. Gaston surnamed de la Cerde leauing the name of the house of Foix and Bern. Hee was the second Earle of Medina Celi and married Donna Mencia of Mendoça daughter to Don Pedro Conçales of Mendoça a great Nobleman in Alaua by her hee had one sonne called Don Lewis who was the third Earle of Medina Celi and married with Donna Iean Sarmiento daughter to Diego Peres Sarmiento from whom came Don Gaston de la Cerde the second and forth Earle of Medina Celi who married Donna Leonora of Mendoça daughter to Don Iâ—igo Lopes of Mendoça Marquis of Sentillana from whom descended Don Lewis which succeeded him in the Earldome in whose time it was made a Dutchy D. Lewis married Donna Anna of Nauarre and Arragon base daughter to D. Charles Infant of Nauarre and Arragon This is the Genealogy of the house of the dukes of Medina Celi Such as wee haue sayd were the actions of Charles King of Nauarre whom in the end God strooke with a Leaprosie King Charles a Leapeâ— which made him to leaue all care of the affaires of this world and to giue himselfe to workes of piety according to the manner of those times which was to build chappels to ordaine Masses and Anniuersaries for his deceased parents and to adde rents and giue entertainement to Clergy men and Priests which did the seruice but aboue all hee labored to liue in peace with Christian Princes The Infant Charles beeing come into Nauarre about the beginning of the warre betwixt Castile and Portugal the King Don Iohn demaunded some supplies of souldiars out of Nauarre to lead with him wherevnto the King of Nauarre consented willingly remembring the good Offices hee had done with the French for his sonnes liberty whom hee sent well accompanied to this warre beeing vnable to goe in person by reason of his indisposition The Infant made some stay with his wife Donna Leonora who was in Castile and then passing on hee came to the King beeing incamped before Lisbone where hee staied not long the King Don Iohn beeing forced to raise the seege by reason of the plague which ruined his armie and returne into Castile as wee haue said dismissing the Infant his brother in law with all loue and content The yeere 1385. beeing come Portugal Affaires of the King of Castile succeed well in Portugal the King D. Iohn preparing to returne into Portugall hauing alreadie sent some ships and gallies against Lisbone hee had newes that the souldiars which hee had left in Saint Iren had defeated some troupes of Portugal whose leaders were the maister of the Knights of Christus and the Prior of Saint Iohn by reason of which victorie many places within the Realme had planted the Standard of Castile
Arragon Arragon sonne to D. Pedro the Cerimonious hauing reigned nine yeeres and three monthes went about that time into the Island of Majorca whether he had beene drawne by the seditions of the Islanders raysed against the Iewes which dwelt among them whom they had slaine and spoiled after the manner of the Castillans and Arragonois incensed by a seditious Archdeacon preaching at Seuile with which mischiefe all the townes of Spaine were in the end infected except Saragossa The King hauing punished the chiefe authors of these hatefull mutinies in his returne he was driuen by a storme to Cap de Cruz about Ampurias from whence being come to Castillon Death of D. Iohn King of Arragon he was surprized by sodaine death some hold that it was in chasing the Wolfe in the woods of Foxa others say hee fell and bruzed his skull in the yeere 1395. This Prince 1395. as we haue formerly said had taken to wife a French Lady called Martha daughter to Iames Earle of Armaignac who gouerned him quietly by whom he had one only daughter called Ioane married at the time of his death to Mathew of Castelbon Earle of Foix and Lord of Bearn which was the cause of much warre in Arragon The Queene D. Martha being dead soone after her deliuery the King D. Iohn married Donna Violant daughter to the Duke of Bar who brought him a soone but of short life and lies interred at Saragossa and afterwards a daughter carrying the mothers name and married in her time to Lewis duke of Aniou sonne to that Lewis which died in Italy pursuing his interest to the realme of Naples After the death of King Iohn Mathew Earle of Foix who had married his eldest daughter pretended according to the custome practised in Spaine The Arragonois reiect D. Ioane from the succession and choose D. Martin that the carowne of Arragon did belong vnto his wife and sought all meanes to botaine it but the Arragonois would not then subiect themselues vnder a strange Prince and reiecting the womans right they did choose D. Martin for their king who was brother to the deceased and was then in Sicile These quarrels rysing from the succession in Arragon and the reiection of the heire of that realme which happened soone after the returne of the Queene Donna Leonora into Nauarre it mooued King Charles to take an oth of his subiects that they should maintaine the Realme to his eldest daughter and successiuely to the rest The end of the seuenteenth Booke SEMPER EADEM THE EIGHTEENTH BOOKE of the Generall History of Spaine The Contents 1. PRroceeding of D. Henry King of Castile against the Earle of Gijon in France 2. Actions of Mahumet Guadix and other Kings of Granado treacheries poysonings and other excesse of that nation to reigne 3. Deeds of D. Henry King of Castile called the sickly Examples of his Iustice temperance and rigour with other pollitike acts 4. Iohn Pablo a Iew a learned man and his conuersation with the honours and dignities which he and his children obtained in Spaine 5. Reformation of the Knights of the Calatraua 6. Warre betwixt Portugal and Castile for the crowne 7. The Dutchesse of Momblanc seizeth vpon the realme of Arragon in the name of her husband D. Martin who was the 15. King of Arragon and the first of that name wherevnto the Estates consented 8. Confirmation of D. Martin King of Arragon his carriage in the gouernment of his realme to forraine Princes and the Pope 9. Death of D. Pedro Tenorio Archbishop of Toledo his family qualities workes and buildings Vacancy of that sea foure yeeres 10. Ruy Lopes d' Aualos and the beginning of the house of Aualos 11. Continuation of the Schisme friar Vincent Ferrier a great preacher 12. Warre against the Moores of Granado the death of King Henry the 3. 13. Marriage of D. Blanche Infanta of Nauarre with Don Martin King of Sicile Accord made by the King of Nauarre with the French King for the Lands of his patrimony that were seized 14. D. Iohn the second of that name King of Castile an Infant of two and twenty monthes old Fidelity and modestie of D. Fernand the Kings vncle Castile gouerned by him and the Queene mother 15. Warre of Granado managed by the Infant Don Fernand first vse of Artillerie in Spaine 16. Superstitions new sects and a third head in the church of Rome 17. Warre of Sardinia troubles at Valencia death of D. Martin the sonne King of Sicile Marriage of D. Martin the father King of Arragon 18. Warre of Castile against the Moores 19 Death of D. Martin King of Arragon Factions for the succession to that crowne The pretendants Arbitrators named to choose a King 20. Duke of Benaâ—ent escapes out of prison The Iewes and Moores commanded to carry certaine markes by the councell of friar Vincent Ferrier 21 D. Fernand first of that name and the 16. King of Arragon opposition of the Earle of Vrgel his imprisonment the Kings coronation 22. Retreat of Pope Benedict into Spaine Councell of Constance Estates at Sarragossa Marriage of the Infant D. Alphonso of Arragon with Donna Maria of Castile 23. D. Alphonso the fifth King of Arragon 24 Gouernment of Castile vnder Donna Catherina the Queene mother 25 Proceeding of the Councel of Constance against Pope Benedict and his obstinacy 26 Conquest of the Canaries by Iohn of Betancourt 27 Family of Estuniga death of the Queene Regent and other affaires of Castile 28 Deeds of D. Iohn King of Portugal Monastery of the battaile and other workes built by him Taking of Ceuta in Barbary descouerie of the Madera's First search of the Portugals into the South and East seas 29 Marriage of the Infant D. Iohn brother to D. Alphonso King of Arragon and of D. Blanch of Nauarre widow Queene of Sicile 30 Marriage pursued with violence by Don Henry maister of Saint Iames brother to the King of Arragon of Donna Catherina Infanta of Castile and what followed 31 Causes of the warre of Naples attempted by D. Alphonso King of Arragon Estate of that Realme vnder Queene Ioane the second 32 Aduancement of D. Aluaro de Luna to be Constable of Castile 33 D. Iohn first of that name and 32. King of Nauarre in the right of D. Blanch his wife 34 Deliuery of D. Henry maister of Saint Iames being prisoner Estates at Toro Restitution of the Constable being chased away ambition of D. Iohn king of Nauarre and of his brother D. Henry 35 New Order of Monkes of Saint Ierosme in Spaine 36 Estate of the Moores of Granado vnder Mahumet the left-handed and other Kings 37 Troubles betwixt Castile Nauarre and Arragon 38 Marriage of Donna Isabella of Portugal to Philip duke of Bourgondy Institution of the Order to the golden Fleece 39 Proceeding by iustice against the King of Nauarre and his partisans in Castile 40 Peace concluded betwixt Portugal and Castile D. Nugno Aluarez of Pereira first Constable of Portugal and
would bee the end of the troubles of Arragon which increased daily they sent the horsemen of Castile to fauour the friends of the Archbishop of Saragosla that was slaine by the which the lands of D. Anthony de Luna were spoiled And at that time friar Vincent Ferrier that great preacher made a voiage to the court of Castile who made some sermons before the Queene mother and some Noblemen by whose aduice there was an Order made that all Iewes dwelling in Castile should carry for a marke and distinction to bee knowne a peece of red cloth vpon their cloakes and the Moores greene hattes with white moones The affaires of Arragon growing tedious the King was carried backe to Vailledolit The truce of Portugall being expired it was treated by Ambassadours to make a perpetuall peace the which was not then concluded The arbitrators appointed to iudge to whom the Realme of Arragon did belong Arragon hauing beene many daies in conference in the castle of Caspe in the end they did all agree to adiudge it to the Infant D. Fernand of Castile whereof hee had notice giuen him in Iune in the yeere 1412. beeing at Cuenca wherefore hauing made his election knowne vnto King Iohn his Nephew and to the Queene his mother and giuen great thankes for the fauour he had receiued in that respect by the forces and meanes of Castile he prepared himselfe to goe and take possession of his Realme And first of all hee declared for Tutors and Gouernors of the Realme in his place D. Iohn of Illesca Bishop of Siguença D. Pablo bishop of Carthagena D. Henry Manuel Earle of Montalegre and Pero Alfan of Ribera Gouernor of Andalusia with whom hee ioyned other men of State and learning This and other things beeing ordred hee went into Arragon where he found great resistance especially of Don Iames Earle of Vrgel who pretended to reigne him he sought by all friendly meanes to draw vnto his seruice but in vaine for the Earle being obstinate he drew the English into Spaine notwithstanding whose aide he yeelded D. Fernand the first of that name the sixteenth King of Arragon DOn Fernand the first of that name raigned in Arragon Genealogie of Arragon Cattelogne Valencia Sicile Majorca Minorca c. By the consent of all the Estates and for his good parts was surnamed the honest whose posterity was famous Before hee came to the crowne of Arragon he had by his wife the Countesse of Albuquerque Don Alphonso who was heire of the Realmes and was in his fathers life-time called Prince of Girone in steed of the title of Duke vsurped vntill that time by the eldest sonnes of Arragon He had also by her the Infant Don Iohn who was King of Nauarre and afterwards of Arragon and Sicile by the decease of his elder brother Moreouer hee had Don Henry maister of Saint Iames Don Sancho maister of the Alcantara and the Infant Don Pedro who died in the warres of Naples beeing slaine with a great shot all these fiue Princes were borne in Castile The daughters which issued from this marriage were Donna Maria Queene of Castile married to King Iohn the second her cousin germaine and Donna Leonora who was Queene of Portugal wife to Don Edward D. Fernand was two and thirty yeeres old when hee beganne to reigne in Arragon beeing Lord of great possessions in Castile whereof he gaue the Dutchy of Pegnafiel and the Signeury of Lara to Don Iohn his second sonne all which Inheritance both by father and mother in Castile his children enjoyed for a time but beeing turbulent and not able to entertaine themselues with the Kings of Castile they lost all In the yeere 1413. the King Don Fernand hauing beseeged the Earle of Vrgel Vrgel in the towne of Balaquer for that hee did still raise new troubles hee prest him in such sort as his wife was perswaded to goe forth and casting her selfe at the Kings feete to demaund her husbands life The King vsing his accustomed clemency pardoned him his life but the Earle comming forth and hauing kist the Kings hands hee was shut vp in the same castle There were many Knights of Castile which serued the King in this warre and amongst other forces there were sent vnto him by Donna Catherine Queene of Castile foure hundred launces with promise to furnish him with foure thousand if he had need but the Earles yeelding freed him of that necessity Hee seized vpon Lerida and other places and in a short time made all within the Realme to bow and therefore hee sent away his souldiars of Castile well satisfied Don Godfrey of Nauarre Earle of Cortes and Marshall of Nauarre the Kings base sonne was at this warre with some men at armes The new King did afterwards cause the Earle of Vrgel to bee araigned and condemned him to perpetuall prison depriuing him of his dignity and goods and then he sent him prisoner to Vruegna a sort in Castile from whence he was afterwards transported to Mora. The Countesse his mother was also condemned to loose her goods and some men of base condition were put to death These things being done the King came to Saragossa Coronation of the King D. Fernand at Saragossa where he was crowned by the Archbishop of Tarragone in the presence of many Noblemen of Arragon Valencia Sicile Cattelogâ—e Castile and Nauar at the which there were great and stately triumphes To serue at this ceremony the Queene of Castile his sister in law had sent him a crowne of gold weighing fifteene markes inricht with many stones of great value He was armed Knight by the Duke of Gandia and then annointed and crowned in the great church of Saragossa after which act he was very bountiful to the Noblemen and Knights that assisted at his coronation From Nauarre came the Marshall D. Godfrey Peter Martin of Peralta with many others Going from Saragossa he came to Morella where he should meete with Pope Benedict who after his deposing had retired himselfe into Arragon yet retayning still his dignity Pope Benedict in Arragon as much as he might There they had an enterview whereas Pope Benedict went in a sollemne procession in his pontificall habit with a white Miter on his head set with stones of great price to whom the King did all the honour hee could deuise Before his departure from thence there came Ambassadours from the Emperour Sigismond who perswaded the King of Arragon to fauour the councell which was then called at Constance for the rooting out of the schisme To treat whereof there was an enterview concluded betwixt the two Princes at Nice and the King was intreated to perswade Benedict Councel of Constance willingly to renounce his dignity of Pope An. 1414. The councell began the fifth day of Nouember in the yeere 1414. and continued aboue three yeeres There were Ambassadors sent from Castile by the aduice of King Fernand D. Diego of Anaya Maldonado Archbishop of Seuile and D.
he came presently to the campe and then the castle of Montarches yeelded by intelligence which the constable had with the captaine The Prouinces and townes of Castile did furnish the King with fiue and forty millions of Marauidies for the warre and there was an Ambassage sent to Rome to Pope Martin to free the King of Castile of the imputations which were saied vpon him by him of Arragon The King of Nauarre making shew to enter into Castile by Briones D. Pedro of Velasco went to field with all the troupes he could gather together hauing drawne out of Biscay three thousand men led by Iohn of Abendagno Ordogno Garcia Arrega Gonçalo Gomes of Butron and his sonne Gomes Gonçalo of Muxica Biscains deseated by them whom they had vanquished for want of discipline Lord of the house of Muxica and finding no man to make head against him hee went to beseege the towne of Saint Vincent the which was taken by assault but whilest the Biscains were busie at the pillage not caring to keepe any order nor martiall discipline entring confusedly into the houses without any gards vpon the approches being entred into the houses the Inhabitants who were armed and retired into the castles seeing this confused multitude in their towne they brake out vpon them and incountring Gomes Gonçales in the street with a small company they tooke him hauing slain most of his souldiers whose father Gonçalo Gomes of Butron running to succour him beeing as ill accompanied as his sonne was slaine with some of his men and could not be releeued D. Pedro of Velasco seeing that the castle could not be forced with a long and painefull seege he set fire on the suburbes and of some houses in the towne and then returned to Haro carrying with him many of his Knights and good souldiers wounded Towne of Saint Vincent obtaines new preuiledges The towne of Saint Vincent for the losse it sustained then and for the good seruice it did in the warre betwixt Nauarre and Castile obtayned many priuiledges and freedomes for the inhabitants thereof He among the Nauarrois which did most harme to the Castillans was a Knight called Sancho of Londogno the kings Marshall issued from the house of Londogno neere to Ordugna a member of Biscay he running one day into Rioja was surprized by the ambushes which Diego Peres Sarmiento captaine of Bastide had layed for him who carried him prisoner to that fort but this losse was soone recompenced by Ruy Dias of Mendoça the bald borne at Seuile and yet he did serue the king of Nauarre faithfully and was gone foorth of Tudele with foure hundred hoâ—se and fiue hundred foot ouer-running the countrie of Agreda against whom D. Inigo Lope of Mendoça Lord of Hita and Buitrago who kept a garrison there for the king of Castile sallying foorth and comming to fight in the field of Arauiana he was there vanquished with the death and imprisonment of many Castillans At that time the Infanta D. Izabella of Portugall daughter to the king D. Iohn was married to Philip Duke of Bourgondie Earle of Flanders and Lord of many other Seigneuries who had two wiues without any children Of this mariage was born Charles whose daughter and onely heire was afterwards married to Maximilian of Austria The very day that this marriage betwixt D. Philip and the Infanta Izabella was celebrated with great pompe at Bruges Institution of the Order of the golden fleece the Order of Bourgondie of the golden fleece was instituted by him the tenth yeare after his comming to it vppon a vow which he had made to go and make warre against the Infidels of Syria and to conquer the countrie of Iurie but his great affaires made his vow fruitlesse His Order had for head and patron I know not by what diuinity S. Andrew and the solemnitie of the Order was to be celebrated euery yeare three dayes together whose knights should be the first day attired in red in signe that heauen is purchased by the effusion of bloud and by Martyrdome Ceremonie of the order of the Fleece the second day in blacke representing mourning for the dead and the third in white in honour of the purity of the Virgin Mary and they should carry for a marke of their knight-hood a chaine made in fashion of fuzils with a rams skin fleece hanging at it a deuise taken not from the Pagan Iason but from the faithfull Gedeon as some say The first knights of this Order were foure and twenty in number of the Noblest and most renouned of his Estates of Burgondy Flanders and the Netherlands wherewith since many Princes and great Noblemen of Spaine and other places haue held themselues much honoured This was that Duke Philip who to reuenge the death of his father Iohn murthered at Montreaufaut-Yoone by the Dauphin Charles drew the English into France to the ruine of his naturall country as you may read at large in the History of France The yeere 1430. being come 1430. D. Iohn King of Castile prepared to make warre against the King of Nauarre against whom he had the greatest spleene and forgetting no kinde of rigour he resolued to depriue him and his of all the lands which they held in Castile without euer hoping to re-enter into them and therefore he gaue to D. Guttiere of Toledo Bishop of Palence King of Nauarres lands in Castile confisked and giuen away and afterwards Archbishop of Toledo the towne of Alua de Tormes to D. Pedro Manrique Gouernor of Leon the towne of Paredes de Naua to D. Roderigo Alphonso Pimentel Earle of Benauent Majorga to the Marshall Inigo Ortiz of Estuniga Cerezo he would haue giuen to Fernand Diaz of Toledo fiue hundred vassals in the lands which did belong to D. Iohn King of Nauarre but hee refused them He gaue to D. Frederic of Arragon Earle of Luna base sonne to Martin King of Sicile Villalon and Cuellar to Queene Mary his wife Olmedo and other places to other Knights The king being come to field before the fort of Albuquerque hee caused the Infants D. Henry and D. Pedro to bee sommoned to yeeld him the place promising that the Infants should be herd in Iustice and that all the rest should haue a generall pardon giuing the Infants thirty daies time to resolue and the rest forty but their answers were arrowes and bullets with great daunger to the Kings person who being in a great rage at their obstinacy he caused D. Henries processe to be made and gaue the administration of the maister-ship of Saint Iames to the constable diuiding his lands to diuerse Knights very prodigally as hee had done the King of Nauarres In the meane time D. Diego of Estuniga or Suniga Bishop of Calaorra and Calçada and his vncle D. Pedro of Estuniga Earle of Ledesma Iustice Major of Castile and an other D. Diego of Estuniga his counsin wiht the forces of the frontier tooke the towne of La Garde in
exploits of warre betwixt Renè of Aniou and him he had beseeged Naples the second time in the which Renè was and that by the good seruice of a certaine Mason who had beene denied Iustice by Renè he had brought into the city by an old conduit or sinke about two hundred Spaniards to seize vpon some port and giue entry to the rest of the army who beeing descouered and poursued had fortefied themselues in a great Tower where during the fight hee had caused a scaladoe to bee giuen and by that meanes put so many men into the towne as hee became maister of Saint Genaios gates which hauing forced they drew in all the armie of Arragon That of the men of warre of the Angeuine party had made great resistance yea there was Renè himselfe fighting verie valiantly in his owne person euen vnto the last extremity so as hee had like to haue beene taken prisoner hauing beene staied by some certaine souldiars of Cattelogne from whom hee freed himselfe cutting off the hand of one them called Espejo who held the Rheines of his horse-bridle and with great difficulty he saued himselfe in the fort of Castle-Nouo which held for him so as Rene beeing escaped and his souldiars retired where they could hee remained maister of the city and soone after receiued the sorts of Capuana and Saint Hermo by composition And that Renè finding that he had need of new forces leauing a good garrison in Castle Nouo and a Geneuois called Anthony Caluo to commaund there had gone to the Florentins and to Pâ—pe Eugenius his confederats in Italy from whom not being able to draw any sufficient aide he sent word vnto captaine Caluo that if he could not hold the fort he should yeeld it with the best conditions he could the which was done and by that meanes the King their maister remained absolute Lord of the chiefe city of the realme and of the castles where he had beene receiued and acknowledged by the Neapolitans for their King with great pompe and triumph his aduersary being retired to Marseilles after that he and his wife had held that realme in suspence and troubles by the space of sixe yeeres These newes were pleasing to the King of Castile who with milde and friendly words seemed to take in good part the admonitions and councell which the Ambassadors had giuen him in the King of Arragons name Thus King D. Alphonso remained peaceable possessor of the realme of Naples in the yeere 1442. after that he had contended for it one and twenty whole yeeres from the time that he was called from Corsica by Queene Ioane And soone after this conquest making his peace with Pope Eugenius who had need of his assistance and aide for the recouery of the Marquisate of Ancona the which Cont Francis Sforza held by the meanes of Cardinal Lewis of Padoua and of the Patriarke of Aquileia Alphonso king of Aâ—â—agon inuested in the realme of Naples the Pope graunted the inuestiture of the realme to him and his making D. Fernand of Arragon base sonne to King Alphonso Legitimate to that effect hoping to succeed in the realme of Naples and disanulling all other Inuestitures which had beene made by him or his predecessors Popes to all other Princes whatsoeuer In regard whereof the King did aide the Pope with his forces against such as opposed themselues in the Marquisate and made him to enioy it quietly The King of Arragons Ambassadors did admonish the King of Nauarre priuatly to keepe friendship with the King of Castile and to doe him seruice the like admonitions they gaue to the Infant D. Henry hauing such charge from their maister The Noblemen of Castile hauing with such contention plunged the Constable and them of his party in a gulphe of miseres Castile and the Courtiers hell which is the disgrace of their Prince and decay of their authority they gaue him meanes by their negligence and basenesse to resolue and to returne to that dignity from which he was fallne for euery one respecting more his priuate profit then the publike good or the maintenance of their league followed that which he held to be most profitable for himselfe beginning to iarre and to haue factions amongst themselues whereof the Constables friends that were in disgrace could make vse wherefore Doctor Pero Ianes and Alphonso Peres of Biuero Pollecy of the Bishop D. Lopes of Barrientos very much affected to the Constable had meanes to returne to Court D. Lopes of Barrientos Bishop of Segobia besides that he was a very deere friend to the Constable hauing or fearing to haue some quarrell with D. Iohn de Pacheco fauorite to Prince Henry hee exchanged his Bishoprike for that of Auila with the Cardinal D. Pedro of Cerbantes for that the Prince did ordinarily remaine at Segobia it may bee hee would haue this exchange serue for a collour for that which he pollitikely pretended making shew to hate and flie the Prince D. Henry when as he had most desire to bee in fauour with him to restore the Constable and to retire him from the King of Nauarre and the confederats league Soone after D. Pedro Suarez of Toledo sonne to D. Garcia Aluares of Toledo Lord of Oropesa being fauored by D. Henry Prince of Castile who was but of a turbulent spirit fortefied himselfe like an enemy in Talauera the which being made knowne to the King of Castile who was then at Santa Maria of Nieua with the King of Nauarre to celebrate the Anniuersary of D. Blanch Queene of Nauarre deceased the two Kings marched thether with some troupes and hauing caused the Infant D. Henry to come vnto them Kings of Castâ—le and Naâ—â—â—â— the 〈◊〉 they forced them that held Talauera to yeeld which place they gaue in gard to D. Fernand of Crezuela Archdeacon of Toledo From thence they went al together to Toledo where by the way they did visit the Constable D. Aluaro de Luna at Escalona where the King and Queen were his Gossips to a daughter who was called Ioane the which did wonderfully discontent the Admirall D. Frederic and the other confederate Lords The Commonalties of the Prouince of Alaua who had taken armes against the Earle of Castagneda and D. Inigo Lopes of Mendoça did much harme vnto the gentlemen of the country and others ruining their houses and committing many insolencies as a brutish people is accustomed to doe Dangerous councel to arm a multitude being a meere solly to arme them how iust soeuer the cause be yea they proceeded so farre as they did beseege D. Pero Lopes of Ayala Lieutenant and Gouernor of Guipuscoa in the towne of Saluatâ—erra of Alaua which did belong vnto him who seeing himselfe prest sent to intreat his Neighbour and kinsman D. Pero Fernandes of Velasco Lord of Haro being then at a village of his to come and succor him who hauing seene D. Pero of Ayalas letter he endeuored with all speed to releeue him
to the Lords of the League to admonish them to desist from their wicked practises and to submit themselues to the Kings obedience the confederates answered that they would send some man of authoritie to the king and soon after they did write to the Arch-bishop of Seuil intreating him to come to Auila to treate vpon the meanes of agreement The citty of Burgos yeelds to the king who with the Kings good liking went vnto them In the meane season the citty of Burgos by the meanes of Pedro of Velasco returned to the Kings obedience It was concluded in Areualo that the Confederates should intreat the king that the Infanta Izabella might be sworne vnto and acknowledged Princesse and heire of his kingdomes all other oathes made to the contrarie notwithstanding Which beeing done euery of them would willingly obey him these things beeing related at Madrid by the Arch-bishop of Siuill the King called a Councell thereupon where the opinions were diuers some affecting Donna Ioane whom the King still called his daughter but the Lord Steward Andrew de Cabrera could so well ioyne reason to his opinion as it was resolued to graunt what the Confederates requested then did they set downe these Articles That the Infanta Donna Izabella should bee declared Princesse of the Asturia's Aâ—ticles of 〈◊〉 agreed vpon and sworne vnto as eldest heire to the Kingdomes of Castile and Leon That pardon should bee graunted to the Master of Saint Iames and to the other Lords his Confederates for whatsoeuer they had committed against his royall Maiestie and free and safe accesse should be giuen them to come to Court with restitution of all that had been taken from them That the King within foure moneths after should send backe his wife Queen Ioan and Donna Ioane his daughter into Portugall and to be diuorced from her by the Popes authoritie and that the citties of Auila Vbeda with the townes of Medina del campo Olmedo and Escalona and the Lord-ship of Molina should be giuen to the Princesse Donna Izabella who might not marrie with any one without the consent of King Henry her brother The Lords of Mendoza not callâ—d to the councelâ— of pâ—ace whereunto she did sweare Into this councell were not admitted the Marquis of Santillana nor his brother the Bishoppe of Siguença who were come to court to kisse the Kings hand vppon the newes of the death of the Infant Don Alphonso for they fauoured and much respected Donna Ioane who was resident in the Castle of Buytrago vnder the keeping of the Marquis therefore they returned male-content to Guadalajara The Queene remayning in the Castle of Alaejos vnder the power of the Arch bishop of Seuille as hath beene sayd before became enamoured on a young man Queene Ioanes dishmest life who had charge to keepe her and as some say hee was the Bishoppes nephew called Pedro by whome in time shee had two children namely Don Fernand and Don Apostol who were brought vp in the Cittie of Tolâ—â—o in the Monasterie of Saint Dominick the royal by the Abbesse of the house who was Aunt to their father Don Pedro and it is reported that the King hauing notice thereof caused Don Pedro to be taken to the end to punish him as he had deserued but that the Queene shed so many teares as shee saued his life and begged him of the king who in those matters was the most carelesse person liuing Now these Lords of the house of Mendoza beeing departed discontented from the Court thinking themselues to be disgraced and on the other side fauouring Donna Ioane it happened that the Queene hauing secret intelligence with certaine of her guard within and without with Don Lewis Hurtado of Mendoza sonne to Ruy Diaz escaped from the Castle of Alaejos causing hir selfe to bee let downe in a basket from the Castle walles but the rope beeing too short and those which let her downe thinking that shee had beene neere to the ground did let her fall a good height so as shee hurt her face and one of her feete indangering also her life neuerthelesse Don Lewis who was at the foote of the wall tooke her vp and layed her in a litter standing there readie for the same purpose and so brought her away the next day to the Castle of Buytrago where her daughter remayned who was called all ouer Spayne La Bertraneja because shee was reputed and supposed to bee the daughter of Bertrand de la Cueua Duke of Albuquerque The Arch-bishoppe of Seuille thought himselfe highly wronged by the violent and fraudulent deliuerie of the Queene therefore hee hastily perswaded and procured the agreement to the Articles aboue-mentioned and there was a place appoynted and determined Donna Izabeâ—a â—eclared Princesse and heire of Castille where the parties should meete betweene Zebreros and Cadahalso at a place called La venta du Tor de Guisando neere to a Monasterie of Saint Hierome the Arch-bishoppe beeing much displeased and discontented with the Queene These met at Cadahalso vppon the day appoynted and set downe the King the Arch-bishop of Seuille the Earles of Playsance Benauent and Miranda together with others of the Councell on the one side and the Infanta Donna Izabella with the Confederates mette at Zebreros the chiefe of whome were Don Alphonso Carillo Arch-bishoppe of Toledo Don Lewis of Acugna Bishoppe of Burgos Don Inigo Manrique Bishop of Coria and the Master of Saint Iames Don Iohn de Pacheco euery one of these on the nineteenth day of September the same yeare one thousand foure hundred sixtie eight in the presence of the Popes Legate Antonio de Veneris who afterward was Cardinall with great solemnitie in the place aboue-mentioned tooke the oath of allegeance and obedience to the King and then they did sweare to and declare the Infanta Donna Izabella Princesse of the Asturia's and eldest lawfull heire to the kingdomes of Castile and Leon with all the dependances reuenues and lands annexed and ioyned thereunto the Legate Apostolicke dispensing and absoluing all contrarie oathes which had beene made in that nature before and confirming the present Great numbers and multitudes of people came running ioyfully and with wonderfull applause from all parts of the Country to this sollemmâ—tie hoping that peace and quietnesse should be established and planted in Spayne and that all factions and oppositions of outragious and ciuill warres ceassing Iustice should euery where flourish That beeing done and finished the king with the Princesse his sister and the reconciled Lords came to Cadahalso the Arch bishoppe of Toledo excepted whose mind beeing not at quiet returned to Zebreto with the Bishoppes of Burgos and Coria The King passing on left his sister the Princesse and the whole Court at Casa Rubias and went with the Master of Saint Iames to Pard and to Rascafria beeing come thither hee caused Pedro Arrias of Auila together with the bishoppe his brother to leaue the cittie of Segouia which greatly mooued and discontented them the
constrayned them to returne into their owne territories Now King Iohns comming with his army beeing knowne in Nauarre encouraged those of Grammont and did greatly amaze the Beaumonto is who knew very well that they should not be able to resist such great forces wherefore taking counsell about the affaires with the Earle of Foix they aduised him to make an agreement with the King his father-in-law who had already resolued after his death to leaue the kingdome to his daughter Donna Leonora and to permit him to enjoy it awhile who by reason of his extreame age could not hold out long therefore he should be content to haue patience and to suffer the King to enioy the title of King of Nauarre the small time he had to liue The Earle was easily drawne thereto for he saw no hope of victorie if hee should haue persisted in his rash enterprise by armes then they began to capitulate setting downe articles Queen Ioane her last confession which shall be hereafter mentioned Before the finall conclusion whereof King Iohn beeing alreadie returned to Tarragona to view his forces and to take order for the warre of Barcelona his wife Queene Ioane being a long time tormented with a canker which consumed her drew neere her end It is reported that when shee kuew shee must needs dye fetching diuers sighs and grones remembring her son Prince Fernand shee sayd Death of the younger Gaston de Foix at Libâ—rna O my son thou hast cost me deare and it is constantly affirmed that â—he did confesse to haue procured and hastened the death of Prince Charles wherwith the king was so highly offended with her as he would neuer afterward looke vpon her yet neuerthelesse her ambition gaue her this content to see before her death her son Prince Fernand made king of Sicill her body according to her will was buried in the Monasterie of Pobleta about this time in the yeare 1469. hapned the lamentable death of Gaston of Foix the younger An. 1469. eldest son to the Earle Gaston and to the Princesse Leonora who should haue succeeded them in the kingdome of Nauarre There was a great assembly of Princes Knights at Liborne nere to Bourdeaux who there met to honor accompany Charles of France brother to Lewis the 11. newly reconciled to him and promoted to the Dutchy of Guyenne after the ciuill war this young Knight Gaston running at tilt which was performed in most costly and sumptuous maner was run with the splinter of a lance into the bravres wherof he dyed to the great griefe of as many as knew him but especially of duke Charles whose sister he had married whose name was Magdalen she being likewise sister to Lewis by whom he had two children to wit Francis Phaebus who was king of Nauar and Earle of Foix and Catherine his sister who succeeded her brother dying without heires Happily it shall not be amisse to set downe here the succession of the house of Foix which hath inherited the kingdome of Nauar fetching it as far as Histories make mention thereof to the which as we haue sayd the Segneury of Bearn was vnited about the yeare 1286. Wee finde that the countrey of Foix was erected into an Earledome about the yeare 1462. by Raymond Originall and continuance of the house of Foix. Earle of Tholousa who inuested therewith Bernard youngest sonne to Roger Earle of Carcassone and to Adela his wife of this Bernard and of Beatrice daughter to the Earle of Beziers was borne Roger who was second Earle of Foix who begat an other Roger his successor in the Countie of Foix second of that name father to Roger the third whom he had by Eximena his second wife hauing first of all married a Lady of Prouence called Estinetta Of Roger the third and of Cicelie daughter to Earle Raymond of Barcelona was borne Raymond Roger who married a Lady called Phillip by whom hee had a sonne called Roger Bernard who succeeded him in the Earledome of Foix and a daughter called Esclrmonde married to the King of Majorca This Raymond Roger caused his lawfull wife to suffer many indignities at the request of a Concubine who was of the religion of the Albigeois Roger Bernard was then Earle of Foix after his father the sixt in number about the yeare 1223. and was surnamed the great Hee married Brunixenda daughter to the Earle of Castelbon by whom hee had Roger called Rotfer Earle of Foix after him Esclermond wife to the Vicount of Cardona and Cicely wife to the Earle of Vrgell Roger Rotfer seanenth Earle of Foix and fift of the name married Brunixenda daughter to the Vicount on whom he begat Roger Bernard the sixt of that name and eight Earle of Foix of him and of Manigarda of Narbona were borne an other Roger Bernard who succeeded in the Earledome Agnes who was wife to Esquibat Earle of Bigorre and Phillip married to Arnold of Spaine Vicount of Conserans Roger Bernard seauenth of the name and ninth Earle of Foix came to the Earledome after the decease of his father about the yeer 1262. who married Marguerit daughter to Gaston de Moncada Lord of Bearne and of Martha de Foix by whose meanes he came to vnite the Lordship of Bearne to the Earledome of Foix by the consent of the estates of Bearne to the preiudice of the Earle of Armagnac who had married the elder daughter of Marguerite whom Gaston disinherited in disdaine that her husband the Earle of Armignac did not helpe him in certaine warres that hee made as well as his other sonne in lawe the Earle of Foix. Now Roger Bernard had by his wife Marguerite of Bearne foure children to weet Gaston the elder who was Earle of Foix after his father the tenth in number and the first of that house who enioyed the Lordship of Bearne Brunixenda wife to Helie of Perigort Constance married to Anthonie de Leui Lord of Mirepoix and Ioane who married Peter sonne to King Iames of Arragon Gaston then the first of that name Earle of Foix and Lord of Bearne married Ioane daughter to Lewis of France Earle of Eureux and of Marguerite of Artois from whom issued Gaston heire to the Earledome Roger Bernard Vicount of Castelbon father of Mathew and of Isabell of Castelbon who succeeded one after an other in the Earledome of Foix and Robert Bishop of Vaur He had also a bastard sonne named the Wolfe Lord of Arauath who begat Blanche wife to Iohn de Gaulti or Grailhij Capdau de Buch. Gaston the second the eleuenth Earle of Foix and second Lord of Bearne of this family had by his wife Elenor daughter to the Earle of Comming Gaston Phoebus who succeeded his father in the yeare 1344. the fourth of that name and hauing married Agnes daughter to King Philip of Nauarre had by her one onely sonne whose murtherer hee was hauing found about him a box of poison which his Vncle King Charles of Nauarre had giuen him to
kill the Earle his father with whom he was offended the child being in no fault at all for he knew not what drugge it was wherefore at his death hee left behind him no lawfull children but diuers bastards as Iobbain who was one of those which were burnt at the Mummery of King Charles the sixt at the banquet of Saint Marceau and Gratian and possibly that Bernard of Foix who was maried into Spaine to Lady Isabel de la Cerde a Princesse of the blood royall of Castile the stem of the house of the Dukes of Medina Celi if he were not sonne to Gaston the second this mans predecessor Then the succession of the Earldome of Foix and Lordship of Bearne fel to Mathew of Castelbon aboue-named who had no children by his wife Ioane daughter to the King of Arragon wherefore his sister Isabell inherited his Lordships who was wife to Archambald de Grailtry Captau de Buch from which mariage issued Iohn the elder the sisteene Earle of Foix Gaston Capdau de Buch from whom descended the Lords of Capdolat and Candale Archambald Lord of Nouailles Peter a friar of Motlas since Bishop of Lescar in the end Cardinall and founder of the Colledge of Foix at Tholousa and Mathew Earle of Comminges Iohn the fifteenth Earle of Foix as hath beene said and first of that name had to his first wife Mary of Nauarre who dying without children he married Ioane de Albret of whom was borne Gaston his successor in the Earledome of Foix and Lordship of Bearne The house of Foix hath beene much ennobled by the deeds of this man for during the wars betwixt the French and the English in the daies of Charles the seuenth this Earle Gaston was he that made proofe of his valor against the English armies which held the Dutchy of Guyenne where he twice tooke Saint Seuer chiefe of Gascony and won Dax by force of armes with great slaughter of Englishmen who did valiantly defend those places he did succor Tartax beseeged seuen monthes by the goueâ—nor of Bourdeaux He restored his vncle Mathew into the Viscounty of Comminges being dispossest by the French King who had installed a Spaniard therein called Roderigo de Villandrada Earle of Ribadeo where he ouerthrew the castle of Rocheford he made means for the liberty of the Earl of Armagnac who was in prison for hauing intelligence with the English and caused his goods and lands to be restored to him Being afterwards made Gouernor of Guyenne by King Charles he made such cruell warre vpon the English as in short time he in a manner dispossest them of all there forces in the same Prouince so as Burdeaux the chiefe city and seat of the warre was constrained to yeeld to the French King in the yeere 1451. and soone after the city of Bayonne so as the English were wholy excluded out of all Guyenne Afterward when the city of Bourdeaux rebelled against the Earle of Clermont Iohn of Bourbon the English being recalled by them albeit they had possest themselues of diuers places were by the valor good conduct chiefly of the Earle Gaston beaten back and repulst Cadillac being the last place that hee tooke from them In all which warres hee was faithfully and dilligently accompanied and aided by his brother Peter de Foix Viscount of Lautier the original of the renouned house of Lautrec faither to Iohn de Lautrec Posthumus from whom did spring Odet de Foix he that was the famous captaine in the warres of Lombardy and Naples Andre de Asperaut and Thomas called L'Escut Henry de Lautrec was sonne to Odet Charles the seuenth did so greatly fauor the Earle Gaston de Foix as he gaue in marriage to his eldest sonne called Gaston like him his daughter Magdalen At the arrainement of the Duke of Alançon at Vandosme by King Lewis the eleuenth he supplied the place of the Earle of Thoiousa in the ranke of the Peers of France the which preeminence hath remained vpon such occasions in the house of Foix the Lordships whereof were by him encreased with the Vicounty of Narbona and with the lands of Capdolat other purchases and in the end with the crowne of Nauarre by his marriage with Donna Leonora of Arragon daughter to King Iohn of whom we now treat of this man issued the posterity which followes Gaston who should haue succeeded him who as we haue said died at Liborne at the tilting which was made at the comming of Charles Duke of Guyenne brother to King Lewis the eleuenth left heires behind him Francis Phoebus and Catherine his children then Iohn Lord of Narbone from whom issued Gaston Viscount of Narbone and since Duke of Nemours who won the battaâ—le of Rauenna where neuerthelesse he died Gencalogie of Nauarre and Germain second wife to Fernand King of Spaine of Gaston and Elenor were borne the third sonne named Peter who was Cardinall and the fourth Iames a valiant Knight who died in the seruice of King Lewis the eleuenth more fiue daughters Mary wife to William Marquis of Montferrat Ioane wife to the Earle of Armagnac Marquâ—ritâ— wife to Frances Duke of Brittaine mother to Queene Anne of France Catherine married to the Earle of Candale who had three children the eldest of whom was Earle of Candall men an Archbishop of Bourdeaux and a daughter called Anne married to the King of Hungary the fifth daughter of Gaston and Elenor was called Elenor who died vnmarried Now let vs returne to the controuersie betweene Gaston de Foix father to these and his father in law King Iohn Couenants betwixt King Iohn and D. Lâ—onora his daughter Hee following the good aduice of his friends and seruants and hauing acquainted the King with his intent by message the King and D. Leonors his daughter met at a day appointed at Olita Gaston being absent in France where they agreed vpon these Articles following First that the townes cities communalties of Nauarre nobility and others of what Estate and condition soeuer should without contradiction acknowledge and obey King Iohn as their King during his life That the Earle Gaston and the Princesse his wife should promise to maintaine the priuiledges lawes and liberties of the Kingdome as they had beene in times past That the three Estates should take the oth of alleageance and doe homage to the Princes the husband and wife and acknowledge them for their naturall King and Queene after the decease of king Iohn notwithstanding any other act to the contrary that the married couple should irreuocably be perpeturall gouernors of the Kingdome during the Kings life their gouernment onely to cease when the King in person should bee in the Realme That neither the King nor the married Princes should ingage the Kingdome in whole nor in part That the three Estates should endeauor that the King and the Princes should accomplish and keepe all that had beene concluded and oppose against them that should infring them The same promise should be made and
sworne to by the King and the Princes and that for the peace of the Kingdome all crimes and offences how heinous soeuer should be generally pardoned that had beene committed til the Kings present comming into the country re-establishing by full power and royall authority euery man in his honor goods and reputation reuoking and adnulling all sentences and proceedings made to the contrary That all places townes and castles which had beene taken from one an other all offices as wel Ecclesiasticall as secular vsurped since the taking of the castle of Morillo should bee restored to the first lawfull possessors thereof within the terme of seuen monthes excepting the moueables and frutes which were spent reiecting al guifts grants and ingagements made by the King Princes or any other Neuerthelesse herein was not to be comprehended the differences betwixt the Earle of Lerin and Lord Iohn of Beaumont and Charles de Artieda against D. Pedro of Peralta Constable of Nauarre and the Marshall of Nauarre who were enioyned to submit themselues to the Kings obedience within twelue daies after the publication hereof to the end to determine those strifes by way of Iustice vpon paine doing the contrary to be held as contumelious rebels and for such to be pursued and punished as disturbers of the publike quiet That all those who had beene wrongfully imprisoned since the surceance made by the Archbishop of Saragossa the Kings sonne in his name and the Princes should bee released and set at liberty paying their charges That the truce granted by them or their captaines should bee kept as well to strangers as the naturall subiects both in their persons and goods That whatsoeuer had beene taken and retaken to the preiudice of the same truce should be restored and deliuered without other ransome then paying their expences that the promises and obligations made in writing or by word of mouth betwixt the naturall subiects by reason of such prises made since the surcease should be of no effect and the Ecclesiasticall ordinaries should bee admonished to absolue them from their othes made in that behalfe enioyning euery one to set the prisoners at liberty within fifteene daies and not to ganesay this present treaty vpon forefeiture of two thousand royalls of gold to the Kings coffers As concerning the castle of Leguin belonging to the Prior of Rounceual which had beene taken before with great store of goods belonging as well to the prior as the Monastery they who had taken the same goods were enioyned to restore them or the value thereof seeing the Prior had alway beene a faithfull seruant to the King and the Princes That the King and the Princes should sollemnely sweare to cause all the heads and Articles aboue mentioned to bee effectually obserued and kept in euery point These things agreed vpon were published in the castle or pallace of Olita vpon Thursday the thirtith day of May in the yeere 1471. and were receiued by the secretary Iohn of Saint Iordi the Bishop of Oleron taking the oth with promise made by the Princesse Donna Leonora to cause the Earle her husband to confirme these Articles an authenticall coppy whereof sealed with the Earles seale she would send to the King her father At which were present the Bishop of Oleroni Pedro Lord of Ros the Earles Ambassador Frier Bernard Hugh de Rocabertin captaine of the Castle of Amposta Roderigo de Robolledo Gomes Suares of Figueroa and Iohn Payes the Kings Vicechancellor After that the Princesse hauing ample procuration from her husband dated at the Bathes of Caudes Aigues in the valley of Dosan sworne in his name to the Bishop of Oleron to obserue the aboue named couenants in the presence of the captaine of the castle of Amposta Iohn Payes the Vicechancellor and D. Fernand of Baquedan vickar generall of the Church of Pampelona All these capitulations were not of force to cease the troubles of Nauarre which continued along time after As concerning the affaires of Castile King Henry after resolution taken about the marriages of the Princesse his sister Castile and of Donna Ioane in Portugall beeing desirous to set downe some good some of gouernment in his Kingdome called a Parliament at the city of Ocagna where the deputies of the townes and communalties did meete except those of Andaluzia the great Lords of which Prouince were not well pleased with the dealings of the Maister of Saint Iames whereat the King was much mooued but most of al wheÌ„ he vnderstood of the marriag which was intended against his wiâ— betwixt the Princesse his sister and the new King of Sicil Fernand of Arragon which made him now more then before desirous to aduance Donna Ioane whom hee stâ—ll aduoâ—ved for his daughter notwithstanding he hated the Queene her mother by reason of her bad life which he himselfe had taught her wherefore with his owne hand hee wrote a letter to the Pope intreating him not confirme the succession of the Kingdome of Castile sworne to the Princesse Isabella but to grant it to Donna Ioane Hee wrote also to his agent at Rome Doctor Roderigo de Vergara borne in Logrogna and likewise to King Alphonso of Portugal to the end that he should make the like request to the Pope this was not done so secretly but that the Archbishop of Siuill had notice thereof who had it not beene for feare of the Maister of Saint Iames who delt in this businesse would willingly haue dashed that matter The King leauing Ocagna came to madrid where hee found Iohn Fernandes Galindo captaine and gouernor of the fort of Madrid and keeper of his treasures sicke to death at whose entreaty hee gaue the charge of the fort and of that which was in it to Andrew of Cabrera his Steward whom hee did dayly aduance and made partaker of his greatest secrets The city of Leon about that time had like to haue beene surprised by Diego Fernand de Quignones Earle of Luna but the practize being discouerd Aluar Garcia Citizen of the same towne with whom the Earle had intelligence was taken and beheaded as a traitor At the intreaty of the Maister of Saint Iames the King returned to Ocagna where hee gaue the title of Marquis of Villena to Diego Lopes Pacheco his eldest sonne Diego Lopes de Pacheco sonne to the Maister of Saint Iames made Marquis of Villena a braue knight who soone after Married the Countesse of Saint Stephen de Gormas daughter to Don Iohn de Luna Earle of Saint Stephen and grand-child to the Constable Aluar de Luna who was in the keeping of the Maister of Saint Iames who was at the same time confirmed in his Maistership by the Pope and possessed more riches then any Lord of Spaine The King of Portugall sollicited by King Henry about the marriage of the Princesse Donna Isabella sent his Ambassadors the Archbishop of Lisbone and two other Lords who were at the Court more then twenty daies without concluding any thing by reason that the
for a very religious place beeing visited and indowed by diuerse deuout people Wherefore those of Ognate and Mondragon which are the neerest places to it seeing that great numbers of pilgrims came thither they beganne to make the waies plaine and to cut the rocke to make the passage thither more easie Vpon this beginning grounded vpon the simple credulity of a sort of rude people it came to passe that this Image beeing famous and greatly visited certaine of the religious of La Merced were greatly desirous to build a Couent there wherein one of them named Frier Peter of Ariaran did greatly imploy himselfe whose mother was so superstitious as shee dedicated her whole life to the seruice of this Couent but these fathers being kept there a certaine time as well by the almes of the good people of the country thereabouts as also by the bounty of the pilgrims in the end by reason of the extreame cold of the winter and barrennes of the place they grew weary and left it in whose roomes came certaine religious people of the third Order of Saint Francis or Tercerones as they call them who did enlarge the Couent begonne by the Friers of La Merced Friers tranformed to Iacobins who were by the Popes prouided of diuerse pardons and indulgencies for those which should visit it and doe them any good now in the reigne of the Catholike King and Queene Fernand and Isabella vpon the occasion of reforming the religions of Spaine these Friers Tercerons were admonished by this Obseruantines to turne to their rule which is say they the true rule of Saint Francis which they refused and being vrged therevnto by way of Iustice these father 's resolued to giue ouer their first religion and did put on the habit of the Iacobins or Friers Prechers of Saint Dominike then there arose an other strife betwixt the Friers of Saint Francis and the Dominicans about the possession of this Couent the Friers saying that it belonged vnto them and to none others seeing that the brethren of their Order had held it so long a time without contradiction of those of La Merced Therefore they beganne by ordinary and extraordinary meanes to contend about this possession and at the last fell to blowes but the Dominicans being vpheld by the Inhabitants of Ognate the friers withdrew themselues not attempting it any more by such meanes then they beganne their sute about it at Rome whether they sent for their soliciter a frier called Martin Gartbay who vsed such dilligence as the right was iudged to the brethren of his order and the Couent restored to the Obseruant friers So at the returne of friar Martin into Spaine who brought with him the execution of that sentence the Dominicans came forth and left the possession to their aduersaries who at this present doe enioy it and haue greatly augmented it with building and it is said that it is an harbour and retreat for many afflicted people specially of Marriners who come thither to pay their vowes to the great commodity of the friers these exercizes of religion are greatly vsed in Spain but in the yeere 1552. vpon the sixth of December the whole Cloister with the lodgings and other buildings were burnt downe to the ground by casualty but the fire touched not the Church which they account for a great miracle This yeere 1469. died Don Pedro Fernandes of Velasco Earle of Haro who was reputed to bee a Knight that led the most Christian life of any other of his time Religious deeds of Pedro Fernandes de Velasco Earle of Haro in testimony whereof the Spaniards write that hee did build the Monastery of Pomar where hee made three of his daughters Nunnes with an hospitall where twelue Gentlemen falne into pouerty should be honorably entertained and a Chappell for the buriall of him and his liuing afterward very retiredly in Medina de Pomar eschewing the daungers and troubles of this world these religious workes are practized in Spaine by the great Lords that are rich when they are become old and haue many children Now his sonne Don Pedro of Velasco oftentimes named in this History succeeded in the Earledome But returning to the History of King Henry who beeing come to Segobia the absence of the Maister of Saint Iames who was extreamely sicke of a quartan feuer did greatly trouble him for without him hee could doe nothing therefore it was thought fit that for their better conferring together the King should come to Madrid whether the Maister beeing very weake was brought the King and the whole Court going forth to meet him not without the wonder of diuerse which thought it a strange matter to see this Prince so much to abase himselfe to Iohn de Pacheco who notwithstanding that hee was sicke yet all matters passed thorough his hands and nothing was concluded on without him About the same time died Don Lewis de la Cerde who had held Escalona all the time of the troubles and appointed at his death that his people should yeeld it vp to the King the Maister of Saint Iames demaunded this place and obtained it and because the souldiars of the deceassed did say that they would not deliuer it to any other but to the King himselfe Contempt of Iustice in these daies in Castile hee came thether in person and receiued the towne and gaue it forthwith to the maister of Saint Iames so as all that which had beene taken from Aluar de Luna Maister of Saint Iames fell to this man In these daies the great Lords of Spaine grew so licentious as he which was strongest would right himselfe the King nor his lawes beeing in no sort feared nor reuerenced There was a quarrell betwixt the Earles of Benauent Quarrels betwixt the Earles of Benâ—uent and Lemos Lemos and the Vicont of Vaçan about the towne of Matilla possessed by the Earle of Lemos the Earle of Luna laboured to reconcile them and to bring them to talke togither but he of Benauent came thither so well accompanied as hee tooke the Vicount prisoner and sent him away to Benauent then he tooke the towne of Matilla by force and restored to Garcia of Toledo Bishop of Astorga certaine places which had beene vsurped vpon him The sort of Canales was likewise taken from the Archbishop of Toledo by a captaine called Peter Bermudes of the Kings party Canales taken from the Archbishop of Toledo who was nothing sorry therefore In Biscay and Guipuscoa the factions of Gamboinnes and Ognazines grew outragious the chiefe heads whereof were Peter Abendagno and Iohn Alphonso of Murica whereof followed so many murthers Factions in Biscay rapes and other cruell and wicked acts as the King at the request of them of the country sent D. Pedro of Velasco the new Earle of Haro thither with power and authority to finde out and punish the offenders and to reduce those two Prouinces into a quiet and peaceable Estate The Earle vpon due
information made bannished for euer out of Guipuscoa and Biscay the two ring-leaders of these factions who vpon paine of death and confiscation of their goods should neuer more set foote in those countries and besides he caused diuerse theeues and murtherers to bee executed Wee haue declared heretofore how that the confederate Lords desiring to draw the Earle of Alua to their league had giuen him in hostage for the performance of the capitulations made betwixt them the townes of Montalban and the Archbishops bridge which place the Marquis of Villena Maister of Saint Iames who was now rid of his feuer and ruled the King more then before desiring to draw from him he vsed such means with the Earle as he was contented to deliuer those townes vnto him the Archbishop of Siuill being a third man and arbitrator betwixt them They promised the Earle that the King should giue him the title of Duke of Alua and Earle of Barco and besides in regard he was possessed of the city of Coria pawned to him by his sonne in law deceassed they would be a means to haue it confirmed to him with the title of Marquis thereof vpon this condition that he should deliuer vp Montalban the Archbishops bridge which the Earle agreeing to the Maister of Saint Iames sent him the Kings letters-pattents for the confirmation of his titles and so they two remained friends Wherefore D. Garcia Aluares of Toledo was euer after called Duke of Alua Earle of Barca and Marquis of Coria The ordinary inuasions and spoiles made by the Moores vpon the frontiers of Andaluzia in these confusions by reason that there was small or no resistance at all in that part of the Kingdome mooued the Archbishop of Toledo and the great Lords of Spaine earnestly to sollicite the King to call an assembly of the chiefe men of the Kingdome where there should assist the Maister of Saint Iames the Dukes of Areualo Alua and Albuquerque the Admirall and the Marquis of Santillana the Earles of Benauent and Treuigno the Popes Nuntio the Archbishops of Toledo and Siuill and the Bishops of Siguença Burgos and Coria who should aduise of some fit expedient to remedy so many inconueniences and make Iustice to florish againe in the realmes of Castile The same request was afterwards made by the Princes D. Fernand and Donna Isabella and by the Deputies of the cities and communalties vniuersities orders of religious men and the Colledges of Churchmen to call the assembly in some city or town vnder the sufegard of foure great Lords there for to make some good conclusion with a common consent and if the commissioners should not agree that the decision of the whole matter might bee put to the iudgement of foure wise religious persons chosen on t of the Orders of the Chartreux Saint Francis Saint Dominike and Saint Ierome vnto these demaunds made with so great instance by the States of Castile the King made none other answere but that hee would thinke vpon it and prouide for it accordingly by the aduice of his councell Muley Albohacen the nineteenth King of Granado IN the meane space the Moores of whom wee haue spoken did wast and spoyle the countrey of Andalusia Moores They were commaunded at that time by Muley Albohacen king of Granado or as some others call him Haly Muley Hacen or Hali Aben Açan for Muley among the Moorish Princes namely of Marocco Sus Fez Vilez Tremessen Tunis and Escuray is a common title and surname signifying Prince King or Lord. This man was surnamed the Great and succeeded his father king Ismael who died in Almeria the yeare 1465. after he had raigned twelue yeares he was a valiant souldier and yet neuerthelesse for certaine yeares he was at peace with the Christian Princes hee had two wiues which were married to him the one a Moore by whome among other children hee had a sonne called Mahumet Boabdelin or Boabdile who raigned after his father and was called king Chiquito which is to say little his second wiues name was Zoroyra who hauing beene a Christian did at her husbands instigation returne to the Arabian Sect of Mahumet by her he had two sonnes the one called Cad and the other Nacre who after the taking of Granado and the finall conquest of that Kingdome were baptized and tooke new names to wit the mother Izabella and the children Fernand and Iohn of whose royall race there is yet at this day succession in Castile The Constable Michaell Lucas de Irançu who kept a garrison at Iaen had regard to the dangers that might happen to the kingdome of Castile on that side of Andalusia in Eccia Don Martin of Cordoua with others in other places who were assisted but with weake forces by Don Pedro of Cordoua Earle of Cabra and Martin Alphonso of Cordoua his sonne-in-law◠but within the kingdome of Granado the Moore King had to enemie a knight named Alquizot Captaine and Gouernour of Malaga who had intelligence with King Henry of Castile then raigning vnder whose protection hee had put himselfe as hath beene heretofore declared and was held by him as one of his vassals by reason whereof Muley Albohacen who desired and sought by all meanes to driue this Moore out of Malaga beeing mooued against King Henry and taking aduantage by reason of the troubles and confusions in Castile hee entred oftentimes with a great armie into Andalusia which he led further into the countrie then any of his predecessors Kings of Granado had done by reason of the weak resistance which he there found from whence followed death and captiuitie of people with burning and desolation to the Countrie The petitions and complaints which were daily made to king Henry were full fraught with the contents of these miseries Castile but hee did not tast them as hee ought but partly thorough negligence and hatred which hee did beare to businesses and partly with ouer much intending his owne passions he did deferre the remedies beeing at that time busied with a desire to marrie his supposed daughter to the Duke of Guienne and to the same effect he treated with the French Ambassadours which were arriued at Medina del campo to wit the Bishop and Cardinall of Albi aboue-mentioned and the Lord of Torsi from the French King and from the Duke of Guienne the Earle of Bologne and the Lord of Malicorne who hauing declared their Commission to the King and vsed some sharpe and bitter speeches against the Princesse Izabella he seemed to like very well of the marriage and appoynted the Arch-bishop of Seuile the Bishop of Siguença and the Master of S. Iames to agree about the matrimoniall conditions who whilest they were in this sort busied there happened a great riot at Guadalupa occasioned by Donna Eluira Ladie of Belalcaçar who hauing vnderstood that Don Alphonso Ponce of Leon Bastard-brother to Don Rodrigo Ponce of Leon Earle of Arcos did accompany and bring backe two young Ladies daughters to the Countesse
of Medellin who till then had beene kept vnder the power of the Earle of Cifuentes shee sent her brother Don Francisco of Estuniga accompanied with those of the family of Chaues of Trugillo with a great company of souldiers to make reprisall of these Ladies for certaine prisoners Kinsfolks and friends of the Chaues who were kept by the Countesse of Medellin wherfore Don Francisco hauing ouertaken them at Guadalupa D. Alphonso Ponce who conducted them thought to get the franchise of the Monasterie of Guadalupa where hee was beseeged and the Ladies with those that conducted them and the Monkes of the same place did suffer many outrages notwithstanding that the King thought to remedy the matter by sending thither the Licenciate Don Henriques who could do no good in the end Don Francisco of Estuniga and his people hauing broken vp the gates of the Couent enforced Don Alphonso to yeeld himselfe and to deliuer the Ladies into his hands whom they ledde away with them Now the marriage beeing concluded betwixt Donna Ioane and the Duke of Guienne to the great discontent of diuers Spaniards the King and the Ambassadours went to Segobia Conclusion of the marriage betwixt Charls Duke of Guien and D. Ioane there to receiue Donna Ioane who was at Guadalajara and also to apply to themselues the pardons of the Iubile which the Pope graunted this yeare vnto such as would giue money for them to wit the richer sort foure royals of plate those of the meaner sort three and the meanest of all two the third part whereof was to bee applyed to the sea of Rome and chamber Apostolicke and the other two thirds towards the building of the Cloister of the great Church of the same cittie whereunto the King furnished aboundantly to that which was wanting and gaue vnto it certaine Coapes of cloath of gold The townes of the Infanâ—asgo giuen to the Marquis of Santillana Donna Ioane was in the keeping of the Marquis of Santillana who in recompence of his paynes and cost bestowed about her entertainment receiued in gift from the King the three townes of the Infantasgo namely Alcoçer Valdoliuas and Salmeron the which did belong to the Countesse of Saint Steephen wife to Don Diego Lopes de Pacheco Marquis of Villena but shee was recompenced foure fold for the King gaue her the towne of Requegna with the rights of the port thereof the Master of Saint Iames father to the Marquis beeing hee that did order and dispose of all matters after his owne pleasure and proâ—ite There arose about the same time a great tumult in Vailliodolit betwixt the old and new Christians the old beeing fauoured and vpheld by Iohn de Biuero a rich Cittizen of the same towne and very affectionate to the seruice of the Princes Don Fernand and Donna Izabella who vppon this occasion came from Duegnas where they remayned to Vailliodolit and were lodged in Iohn de Biuero's house the which did so stirre vp the mutinous people as they came running in armes to force that house the Princes were in danger to haue beene taken if the Bishop of Salamanca who was President of the Chancerie had not suddainly put them out of the towne and caused them to returne to Duegnas The King hauing notice of this tumult came to Vailliodolit confiscated Iohn de Biuero's house and gaue it to the Earle of Benauent with the Captaine-ship of the towne and hauing pacified the people he returned to Segobia where his chiefest and most pleasing aboad was the fortresse of the which place held for a certaine time by the Master of Saint Iames was a little while before yeelded vp vnto him where hee made Andrew de Cabrera Captaine Certaine dayes after the King remooued from Segobia and came to lye in the Monasterie of Paular in the valley of Loçoia bringing with him his wife Queene Ioane D. Ioane her daughter the French Ambassadours and others the Duke of Areualo and Valence the Master of Saint Iames the Earles of Benauent Miranda S. Martha the Arch-bishop of Seuile with many other Lords Knights and Prelates but the Lords of the house of Mendoza did chiefly accompany the Queene and her daughter namely the Marquis of Santillana the Bishop of Siguença the Earles of Tendilla and Crugna and Don Iohn Hurtado the which Lords and Ambassadours beeing by the Kings commandement assembled in an open field vpon the banke of the riuer which runneth thorough the same valley where from all parts of the Countrie great numbers of people of all sorts were gathered together The Licentiate Antonio Nugnes of Cité Rodrigo was commaunded by the king to reade a writing signed with his hand and sealed with his seale contayning in substance that whereas he in times past at the intreatie and request of the great Lords of his kingdome and for to pacifie the troubles and ciuil warres of the same had declared his sister Donna Izabella his heire and successor in the State and royall dignitie of Castile and procured the Lords Prelates and Communalties of the kingdome to sweare vnto her vppon condition that she should be obedient vnto him she notwithstanding reiecting all respect and duty due vnto him who was her king father and elder brother had married her selfe without his knowledge and against his expresse commandement to Don Fernand king of Sicill and Prince of Arragon in regard whereof hee did at that present manifest and declare her to be fallen from all the right which shee might pretend thereunto and did disinherit her disanulling all promises declarations and institutions made vnto her in that behalfe commanding all his subiects that from thence forward they should not acknowledge her for Princesse but obey with a follemne oath his daughter Donna Ioane there present This writing beeing read openly with a loud voice the Cardinall of Albi the French Ambassadour came to the Queene requesting her to affirme by oath whether Donna Ioane were truly the daughter of the king her husband or not whereunto she answered King Henry of Castile his false oath that vndoubtedly she was then he made the like request to the king namely whether he did stedfastly beleeue that Donna Ioane there present were his daughter the which he affirmed saying that he had alwaies reputed and accounted her for his owne naturall daughter euer since shee was borne then presently the Prelates Lords and others which were present at that act came and kissed the Infanta's hands and following the Kings commaundement The Lords of Mendoza refuse to kisse the hands of D. Ioane they tooke the oath of fidelity vnto her after the manner accustomed to the eldest sonnes of the kings of Castile all of them calling her Princesse and heire the Marquis of Santillana the Bishopp of Siguença and his other breethren excepted who excused themselues saying that they had alreadie at another time taken the same oth which was not now needfull to be reiterated After these things the Earle of Bologne hauing
but sent a learned Lawyer to King Ferdinand and Queene Isabell to shew his reasons for the contrary who came to Valiodolit with the Ambassadors his comming beeing to no purpose The citty of Perpignan beeing succoured as heretofore hath beene said by Prince Ferdinand Arragon was after his returne into Castile againe besieged by the French King Lewis willing and commanding his Captaines who had shamefully raised their siege and were retired into the countrie and territory of Narbona on paine of being punished as traitors to their king and country to returne and assaile the towne and not to stirre from thence till they had taken it although it should cost all their liues whervpon they came backe and by the helpe of the Castle did for eight moneths space so presse the beseeged as they brought them to the extreamest poynt of necessitie for besides the continuall toyle watchings fights and daily reparations of the breaches whereunto they were constrained the want of victuals was so great in the towne as they were not onely enforced to eate dogges Famine in Perpignan cattes and all other sorts of vncleane meates but also the very bodies of men friends or enemies which were slayne in the assault yea mothers did deuoure their owne children such was the obstinacie of those people who would not yeeld to an enemie whome they had despised and offended and from whome they did expect no mercie but in the end extreame necessitie and inexorable famine brought them to that poynt which they sought most to auoyde Perpignan yeelded to the French and they found more mercie then they hoped for for they were taken by composition their offences pardoned and the Garrison permitted to depart with their armour and weapons so as King Lewis by the taking thereof pretended now more interest to it then before This was the last quarrel which King Iohn of Arragon had with the French or any other for the goute his yeares and other discommodities of old age perswaded him to spend the remainder of his dayes in rest and quiet in the citty of Barcelona leauing the gouernement of the Kingdome of Nauarre to his daughter who was heire thereunto and his other dominions to the rest of his children and Lieutenants This yeare 1457. there grew a contention betwixt King Fernand and Queene Izabella about the gouernement of Castile disputing which of them two had most tight to the succession thereof Castile she as daughter to King Iohn of Castile the second and hee as sonne to King Iohn of Arragon who descended in direct masculine line from King Iohn the first in the third degree Some who tooke the Kings part did say that it was a thing against nature and all good order that the regiment of so great a State should be in a womans power and that so many great Lords and braue Knights should be vnder the commaund of that sexe weake both in body and mind without experience wisedome or knowledge of what was profitable or hurtfull to a kingdome vnlesse it were by heare-say beeing oftenest deceyued by ignorance and which did follow their owne passions and those of them that they fauoured who for the most part were chosen amongst the worst sort of people That all kingdomes Iurisdictions and well-gouerned Common-wealths as well auncient as moderne had wholy reiected a womans empire and if at any time they had submitted themselues thereunto Contentions betwixt king Fernand and Q. Izabella their ruine and desolation had soone after ensued alledging for example the Sallicke law of France which is a good old custome alwaies profitable when it was obserued either in the totall gouernement or parts thereof On the contrarie part others who held with Queene Izabella did say that euery one ought to be maintayned in their right and that there was nothing more consonant to nature then that children should succeed their fathers and neerest kinsfolke that diuers women had beene profitable to Kingdomes and Common-wealths as well in old times as of fresh memorie namely that there were sundrie recent examples thereof in the Monarchie of Castile And as for Queene Izabella her constancie iudgement and wisedome was sufficiently knowne and that all men were assured of her good gouernement and that shee was not the first woman which had inherited that kingdome This last opinion was followed and allowed of whereat king Fernand seemed to be highly displeased but the Queene who did dearely loue him and would not willingly haue him discontented told him that her intent was not in matters concerning the affaires of Castile and Leon to bee more obeyed than himselfe and requested him to consider that whatsoeuer was decreed in that poynt was for the good and benefite of their onely daughter Donna Izabella if so bee that they should happen to haue no issue male who otherwise should bee wholly depriued of that honour and royall dignitie if what hee had poursued and alleadged should take place by these probable reasons the king was satisfied with that which the great Lords had decreed Yet neuerthelesse it was concluded and determined that all letters missiue writings and other expeditions should bee made in both their names and vnder the seale of the two kingdomes of Castile and Arragon and that all coyne shold be likewise stamped with both their armes quartered therein The Marquis of Villena mooued the King and Queene that by their fauour he might be confirmed in the Master-shippe of Saint Iames The Marquis of Villena his demaunds and that a husband might be prouided for Donna Ioane with a dowrie befitting her estate which beeing performed hee promised to become their faithfull and obedient seruant hee was one of the brauest Knights and best men at armes in all Spaine tthe King and Queene sent him word that concerning the Master-shippe hee should haue all their fauours and assistance as well to the Pope as to the Knights of the same Order notwithstanding that Don Alphonso of Cardegna and Don Roderigo Manrique had diuided it betwixt themselues and were in possession thereof and that as for Donna Ioane they would intreate her kindly and honourably and prouide her a husband but in any case it behooued him to deliuer her into their hands The Marquis who had bad counsell and was still accompanied with seditious persons refused to deliuer the Ladie and that which was worse at the perswasion of Doctor Anthonie Nugnes of Cité Rodrigo A seditious Prelate hee beganne to broach new practises with Don Alphonso king of Portugall for to procure him to marrie Donna Ioane promising to make him King of Castile On the other side the Arch-bishop of Toledo a man of a turbulent spirit and a louer of Innouations complayned that the King and Queene did not accomplish that which he had hoped for and deserued nor yet what they had promised him before their comming to the Crowne seeking all meanes and occasions to free himselfe from their seruice But enuie was it that vexed
or brotherhoods and the fift and last for the treasure and royall reuenue At the same time iustice which had a long time beene banished out of Spayne was called home againe and reuerenced and diuers wicked persons punished among whome Hernand Alarcon 〈…〉 the familiar friend and instigator of the Arch-bishoppe of Toledo a seditious and turbulent person was beheaded by meanes of which example euery man submitted himselfe to law and framed himselfe to a ciuill and honest life then did the tyrannies of great men cease the thefts and robberies of their followers were suppressed in such sort as the fields were as safe as good townes those things which were vsurped were restored to the right owners the seates of iustice were well ordered and diuers good lawes and Edicts were made It was there enacted that the Iewes and Moores in townes and citties should dwell in streetes and places by themselues All Noblemen were forbidden to carrie Guards about with them to place Crownes vppon their shields and armes or to haue vshers to carrie maces or roddes before them vnlesse they were Magistrates not to vse titles in their letters Charity of K. Fernand and Queene Isabel. belonging to Princes and Soueraigne Lords And for that the Kings felt their consciences burthened with the death of many poore people who had followed them in their last warres whose widowes and children were in great necessitie they appoynted a summe of twentie millions of Marauidis to bee distributed vnto such people by Friar Hernand of Talauera as he should thinke it meete and conuenient thinking by laying this charge vppon him to discharge themselues In this assembly of the Estates in the moneth of May Prince Ioane sworne vnto with great sollemnitie the Infant Don Iohn was according to the custome of Spayne sworne vnto as Prince of the Asturia's and heire to the Kingdomes of Castile and Leon in the presence of the Prelats and Lords whose names follow The Cardinall Don Pedro Gonçales of Mendoza Arch-bishoppe of Siuill and withall Bishoppe of Siguença Don Diego Hurtado of Mendoza Bishoppe of Palence Friar Alphonso of Burgos Bishop of Cordoua with others of the Clergie For the Nobilitie and State militarie Don Alphonso of Cardegna Master of Saint Iames Don Pero Fernandes of Velasco Constable of Castile and Earle of Haro Don Alphonso Henriques great Admirall of Castile and the Kings Vnkle Don Pero Aluares Osorio Marquis of Astorga and Earle of Transtamara Don Aluaro of Mendoza Earle of Castro Don Lorenzo Suares of Mendoza Earle of Crugna Don Inigo Lopes of Mendoza Earle of Tendilla Don Diego Lopes of Estuniga Earle of Miranda Don Fernand Aluares of Toledo Earle of Oropesa Don Guttiere de Sottomajor Earle of Benalcaçar Don Bertrand de la Cueua Earle of Ledesma Don Diego Fernandes of Quignones Earle of Luna Don Iohn de Ribera Lord of Montemajor Don Aluar Peres of Guzman Lord of Saint Eulalia Don Guttiere of Cardegna great Commaunder of Leon with diuers others of name and place For the third estate the Deputies of the Citties on this side and beyond the mounts did take the accustomed oath to wit for old Castile Burgos Leon Segobia Auila Soria Zamora Toro and Salamanca and for the other part Toledo Guadalajara and Cuenca and for Andalusia Siuill Cordoua and Iaen and the Cittie of Murcia for that Countrey Diuers Lords likewise of the Realme Arragon were present at this solemnitie as Don Raymond Bishoppe of Vrgell and Don Philip of Arragon bastard-sonne to the late Prince Charles Nephew to the King and cousin germaine to Prince Iohn At this assembly Don Andrea de Cabrera and Donna Beatrix of Bouadilla his wife were created Marquises of Moya with graunt of twelue hundred vassals neere to Segobia for the good seruices which they had done to the kings Don Ferdinand and Donna Isabella at whose table the more to honour them they did eate the same day The Parlament or assembly of States being ended the Court came to Medina del campo where they began to take great paines to haue the ordonances of the Estates executed and put in practise vppon the vsurpations tyrannies quarrels and enmities which were past In the same towne a knight whose name was Aluar Ianes of Lugo was put to death who being couetous to adde to his owne great wealth the goods of a certaine Cittizen hired a certaine Notarie or Scriuener to make some false and counterfeite contracts and to the end the deceit might not be knowne hee foorth-with payed him his hire cutting his throate and burying him secretly in the back-side of his owne house the which murther was discouered by the diligent inquirie of the poore widdow whose husband was neuer seene abroade since hee was seene to go into the Knights house This Gentleman was taken A muâ—therâ—us gentleman câ—eâ—uâ—ed conuicted and beheaded notwithstanding his great friends and kindred who offered fortie thousand Duckets for to saue his life which was a great summe in those dayes which sundrie of the Councel wished the Kings to take but these Princes beeing great Iusticers would not hearken to it but the Knight was executed according to his deserts The yeare 1481. the Kings departed from Medina King Fernand and Queene Isabell zealous of Iustâ—ce and did take leaue the one of the other for a certaine time the Queene went to Vailliodolit and the King made a voyage into Arragon with intent to haue the like oath made there to his son Prince Iohn as the States of Castile had done at Toledo and to order the State of his owne patrimoniall Kingdome as also to demaund a certaine subsidie of money of his subiects there The King beeing at Sarragossa the Cardinall of Foix and his brother Don Iames Vnkles to the young King Francis Phoebus of Nauarre Nauarre came thither to him to beseech him to ayde him with forces and meanes to suppresse his audacious subiects which did disturbe the peace of his Kingdome who contemning his youth did commit infinite tyrannies there whom king Fernand did most louingly receiue as his Nephewes sonnes to Queene Leonora his sister and did promise concerning their demaunds to performe the office of a Christian Prince friend and neere kinsman to the young king During his aboade at Sarragossa the Marshall of Nauarre who was at Tudela had ordinarie intelligence with diuers Castillan Lords some of whome knowing their masters will did beginne to treate of meanes for the pacification of the factions of Beaumont and Grammont by whome the kingdome was spoiled Amongst those which did most earnestly employ themselues therein was a Friar Preacher to king Fernand whose name was Abarca The Estates of Nauarre at Tafalla who dealt in such sort as hee agreed vpon a marriage betwixt Philip of Nauarre the Marshall and a daughter of the Earle Lewis of Lerin which he thought would bee a meanes that these two Lords would forget all former hatred and become heartie and affectionate friends by whose example
seate whereof was transported to Logrogno for better ease and commodity The knowledge of these Iudges Inquisitors did at the same time chiefely extend to the Iewes and Moores which were conuerted and yet neuerthelesse did secretly adhere to their old sects then to heretikes and such as were reuolted from the Catholike saith to Magitians Blasphemers and those that were attainted with the sinne against nature The generall Inquisition remayning at Court neere to the Kings person did rule and were chiefe ouer all these other Tribunalls At the same time Pope Sixtus the fifth did allow and authorize all that the Cardinall and his Councell had decreed concerning that matter and he did confirme the election of frier Thomas of Torquemada of the order of the Preachers and Prior of the Monastery of Santa Cruz in Segobia vnto whom Diego de Merla the Assistant of Siuill and Pero Martines Camagno the Kings Secretary were ioyned as coadiutors The first effect of the Inquisition after that it was ordained was to set downe an edict that all Heretikes and Apostotaes should appeare and re-unite themselues to the Church of Rome acknowledging their offences More then seuenteene thousand persons did appeare at this commaundement who were enioyned what to say and doe then they proceeded against the obstinate and rebellious more then two thousand of them were burned and their goods confiscated and taken from their children and heires the same sentence was executed vpon those that were absent and dead Sharpe and rigorous executions of the Inquisitions digging vp their bones and burning them in such sort as the Inquisition continuing thus rigorous great numbers did leaue Castile and with-drew themselues into the Kingdomes of Nauarre and Portugall others went into France England and to other farre Countries Let vs now returne vnto the Court which was then at Valiodolit where the Queene of Castile was accompanied after the accustomed manner with a greate traine of Ladies and Gentlewomen the Nobility who in these latter times giue themselues wholie to the exercize of armes and doe for the most part contemne all other course of life which causeth them and not without cause to be esteemed of all men as people very vnproffitable in time of peace did in this Court thinke vpon nothing else then for to serue and court the Ladies and Gentlewomen and gaue themselues to such other like vaine and idle pleasures accustomed in Princes Courts and most of all in that of Spaine from whence did spring such fruites as vice doth produce namely quarrels and dishonour and losse which euills had almost spred themselues from the particular to the generall corrupting the publike peace by troubles seditions and mutinous wars Don Ramir Nugnes de Guzman Quarrel betwixt D. Frederike Henques and Don Ramir Nugnes de Guzman sonne to Don Gonçall de Guzman Lord of Torall being in an euening in talke with Donna Maria Manuel in the Queenes presence Chamber was interrupted in his speech by Don Frederike Henriques eldest sonne to the Admirall who either thorough the insolency of his youth or else to content Don Guttiere de Sottomajor his brother-in-law who made loue to that Lady and was loath to haue an other man walke in his purlewes caused Don Ramir to arise as hee sate by her making as though he would haue gonne by him to haue spoken with Don Marine Zapate and sodainely sate downe in his place by her whereat Don Ramir beeing offended beganne to murmure against Don Frederike so as they threatned to bastinado one an other and fell to bitter and reproachfull speeches in such manner as Don Ramir Nugnes his honour was greatly interessed for Don Frederike going forth of the Queenes lodging called him drunkard and base fellow with many such like bitter termes The Queene hauing notice of this quarrell commaunded both of them to depart forth of the pallace then shee confined Don Frederike to the Admirall his fathers lodgings and committed Don Ramir Nugnes to the keeping of Garci Laso de la Vega Maister of the Hall vntill it were knowne who was in the fault as also to keepe them from hurting one an other in action as they had done a little before in words Hauing vnderstood afterwards that Don Frederike had committed the greatest insolency her will was to haue them still to keepe their Chambers till such time as shee had made them friends Notwithstanding which commaundement of the Queenes Don Frederike went abroad to a turnament which was held the next day following by reason whereof the Queene was extreamely mooued against him and the Admirall his father and told them that if they went about to vse their power against Don Ramir Nugnes hee should finde those to take his part as would not suffer him to susteine any wrong or iniury at their hands The Admirall finding the Queene to bee much displeased did beginne to humble himselfe and did assure her that Don Ramir needed not to feare any wrong either from himselfe his sonne or any of their followers wherewith the Queene being contented did permit Don Ramir freely to goe out and come into the palace acquainting him with what the Admirall had promised her bidding him to relie vpon her word and to walke abroade vnder her royall safe-gard and protection Don Ramir was well assured by her Princely and comfortable words and. Don Frederike had saluted him and talked familiarly with him and met diuerse times for the space of three daies togither yet notwithstanding this outward shew of reconcilement Don Ramir was vpon a day bastonaded as hee walked in the streetes by certaine persons vnknowne vnto him who presently after hauing their horses ready galloped away The Queene beeing aduertized of this disgrace offered to Don Ramir contrary to the Admirals promise and her owne royall assurance did rigorously pursue the Admirall and did not leaue hauing seized vpon two of the chiefest places that he had namely the castle of Simancas and â—iosecco vntill shee had his sonnes person in her power saying that those blowes lighted vpon her selfe and that she had felt them and that shee would know whether it were the manner of Spaine that Kings should bee so contemned and despised by their subiects The Admirall notwithstanding that hee was the Kings vncle was constrained to deliuer his sonne Don Frederike to the Queene with promise that he should receiue no harme in his person who by the Queenes commaundement who would not see him was sent prisoner to the castle of Areualo Don Ramir hauing receiued this disgrace went to Torall with an intent to bee reuenged in a most rigorous manner Effects of immoderate choller and was very glad to heaâ—e of his Aduersaries imprisonment but not contenting himselfe with the right which the Queene ment to doe him he inuented meanes how to bee reuenged on him with his owne hands wherefore diuers nights togither he caused the castle of Areualo to bee watched whether that he might finde any meanes to enter the same and to
Queene Isabell her Mother who dyed at the same time at Areualo hauing liued a widdow the space of two and forty yeares troubled with sicknesse both of body and minde whose body beeing then laide in the Monasterie of Saint Francis of Areualo was afterward transported to the Carthusians in the Citty of Burgos called Mirefleur where King Iohn her husband was buried Death of Don Iohn de Gamboa The same yeare dyed in Guipuscoa Don Iohn de Gamboa a personage full of yeares and honour who was Maister of the horse to the Kings of Castile and of their Councell Captaine generall of the frontiers of France and Nauarre and gouernor of Fontaraby This Knight left onely two daughters one of which was married in Guipuscoa in the family of Sarauz and the other into Biscay into that of Arteaga The Infanta Don Ioanes voyage into Fâ—anders the Queene gaue the conduct of the Nauie and of the Infanta Donna Ioane her daughter to Don Frederick Henriques high Admirall of Castile her Vnckle beeing accompanied by Donna Maria de Velasco the Admiralls Mother with other Lords Ladyes and Gentlewomen who beeing shipped the Queene went back to Burgos and from thence into Cattalonia to ayde the King her husband In the meane space the great Captaine continued the warre on the one side and King Ferdinand on the other in the kingdome of Naples who were resisted in Calabria by Eberard Stuard Lord of Aubigni assisted by the faction of Aniow and with a few French forces which were left him and in the territorie of Lauoro by the Lord Guilbert of Montpensier Lieutenant generall to the French King in the same kingdome who was besieged in the Citty of Auersa by King Ferdinand and the great Captaine both together and was brought to such extremitie as hee promised if within thirty dayes hee were not succoured to yeeld vp all that the French men held in the kingdome of Naples excepting Gaieta Venosa and Tarentum which were in the hands of strangers vpon condition that they would furnish him with shippes to carry him and his people into France there fell afterwards great sicknesse among the men of warre on either side and Lord Guilbert of Montpensier dyed at Pozzuolo with other French Lords and there dyed likewise on the enemies part diuerse men of note as namely King Ferdinand who had for successour his Vnckle Don Frederick of Arragon brother to Don Alphonso King Frederick stayed not long ere hee besieged Gaietta during which siege the Lord D Aubigni rendred the places which hee held in Calabria by whose example Gaietta Venosa and Tarentum were yeelded and King Frederick by that meanes recouered all the realme of Naples In this warre all the Potentates of Italy shewed themselues enemies to the French All the Potentates of Italy enemies to the French except the Florentines the Florentines excepted who thought by the meanes of the Frenchmen who held Pisa to bring that Cittie into their subiection And the warre beeing ended Pope Alexander did sharply persecute the Vrsins friends and seruants to the house of France and the chiefe of that family Virginio Vrsino an excellent Captaine of all which matters King Ferdinand and Queene Isabell of Castile were aduertized to their great contentment The beginning of the yeare one thousand foure hundred ninetie and seauen the Kings beeing in the Citty of Burgos 1467. they receiued aduertisement that the Armie of Castile was returned which had conducted the Infanta Donna Ioane wife to Philip of Austria and brought Margueret sister to the said Philip betrothed to Prince Iohn who were married in the same Citty Fryer Francis Ximenes Archbishop of Toledo Frier Francis Ximenes of Cisneros Archbishop of Toledo and Primat of Spaine dooing the ceremony and they had for their God-father Don Frederick the Admirall and Donna Maria de Velasco his mother for their God-mother The feasts and magnificences weré great and pompous whereat dyed Don Alphonso de Cardegna second sonne to Don 〈◊〉 de Cardegna great Commander of Leon. The wedding being ended the Coâ—rt came to Medina del campo where Christopher Colombus arriued as a prisoner by the slanders and accusations of the Spaniards his enemies who were impatient of discipline the most enuious of whom was Frier Buil who came back the same time into Spaine neuerthelesse the Kings thinking it an vnseemly matter that such a personage should yeeld account of his actions in quality of an offender they did absolue him of the greaâ— rigor which hee had executed by iustice on the Spaniards with commandement thence-forward to vse those more gently who did crosse so many seas to doe them seruice and they willed him to returne to the Iudges they being highly contented with the reports which hee made of the great riches and wealth which those countries yeelded whereof hee brought them proofes of golde Brazil mother of Pearle Amber pretious Feathers Indian tapstrie and other strange things They did againe rigge forth eight ships for him furnished with men and victuals two whereof hee sent away before laden with victualls and weapons to his brother Bartholomew Colombus who had begun to builde the Cittie of Saint Domingo vpon the riuer of Oçama in the Island of Hispagunola hee with the other sixe parted from Saint Lucar de Barameda and beeing arriued at Madera vnderstanding that there were French Pirates at sea that watched for him beeing drawne thither by the renowne of the wealth of the Indies hee sent onely three of his shippes directly to the Island of Hispagnuola and hee with the other three sayled towards the Isles of Cape vert tending to the Equinoctiall and after great trauaile of heates and calmes hee arriued at Paria the firme land of those West Indies then coasting three hundred and thirty leagues vnto Cape de Velas hee discouered and tooke note of all that countrey where are Cabo Anegado the point of Salinas Cubagua otherwise called the Isle of Pearles the point of Araja Cumana Chiriuichi the Gulphe of Cariari Curiana Saint Roman Veneçuela Coquibocoa and other places from whence hee passed to the new Citty of Saint Domingo and there was receiued for Gouernour to the great griefe of diuerse This was the third voyage that Colombus made to the Indies and then they had already begun to trade and negociate with the Indians by force of armes Colombus his third voyage to the Indies for the violent vsage of them had made them become strange and enemies to the Spaniards so as they left off tilling of their grounds and sowing of their Maiz to the end to constraine them by hunger to leaue the contrey and at the same time as these shippes arriued great number of Indians beeing gathered together did besiege the Spaniards of the Forte of Saint Thomas du Ciabo who were put to flight by Alphonso de Hoiedo Hauing then gotten the Cachique Coanabo into the Forte keeping him prisoner for the death of diuerse Christians more then fiue
of Ferrara and the marquesse of Mantoua either of them to fauour the cardinals of their faction and to make a Pope by force to the prejudice of the citie and of the whole territorie This yeare there were sixteene foists of Moores scoured the coasts of Valencia who landing neere vnto the riuer Xucar assailed the towne of Cullera carried away seuentie prisoners and committed other spoyls The duke of Valentinois at his fathers death was so ill with this drinke which he had taken as he was constrained to be a neuter as he had carried himselfe in the warres betwixt Fraunce and Spaine yet adhering more to the great captaine for the designe which they both had to inuade Tuscanie when as the warres of Naples should be ended Hauing entertained himselfe in fauour with Pope Iulio Quarels betwixt Pope Iulio and the duke of Valentinois at his aduancement they fell afterwards to quarell for certaine places in Romania held by the duke of Valentinois which the Pope would haue so as the duke was staied at Ostia meaning to imbarke to go to Specie and from thence by Ferrara to Imola Afterwards hauing in some sort satisfied the Popes desire and being set at libertie he retired to Naples hauing a pasport from the great captaine thinking to be verie safe there whereas propounding many great enterprises euen vpon Tuscanie and beginning to make preparation to put his designe in execution Duke of Valentinois sent prisoner into Spaine by D. Gonsalo the great captain staied him prisoner saying that it was by the commaundement of the king D. Ferdinand to whom he ought more reuerence than to the pasport he had giuen him and so he sent him into Spaine where he was lodged in the castle of Medina del Campo called la Mote By this meanes the great captaine kept this turbulent man from troubling the affaires of Italie any more The armie led by the lord of Tremouille being come into the realme of Naples did nothing but increase the glorie and reputation of the great captaine who by a memorable victorie gotten at the riuer of Garillan did there settle the Spaniards commaund Retreat of the French out of the realme of Naples verie miserable for soone Gajete which was the onely hope of the French yeelded vpon condition that all prisoners should be deliuered and that the French might retire safely into France who being naked and vnprouided of all things perished in a maner all by the way of hunger cold and other extremities At the same time king Lewis hauing appointed two armies to inuade Spaine Two armies of French in Spain one by Guipuscoa the other by Cattelonia that which marcht towards Fontarrabie wherof the lord of Albret had the charge could neuer come together the other led by the marshall of Rieux entred by the countrey of Rossillon and besieged Sausses but not being able to take it he was forced to retire both for that he fell sicke as also for that D. Frederic of Toledo duke of Alua Generall of the Spanish armie which was raised at Perpignan began to march to raise the siege king Ferdinand being also come in person into Cattelonia to giue order for the affaires of this warre the which afterwards had some intermission 1504 by a truce of fiue monethes which was made at the instance of king Frederic who was not out of hope to returne into his realme Which conceit was grounded vpon the demonstrations of fauour were made him both by France and Spaine which was but a vaine content and a comfort to him in his miserable estate This truce was afterwards continued for three yeares both by sea and land with free trafficke for all their subiects except the French in the realme of Naples For the great seruices which D. Gonsalo Fernandes surnamed the Great Captaine had done to the kings D. Ferdinand D. Gonsalo Fernandes made duke of Terra noua and Sessa and D. Isabella in this warre he obtained the duchie of Terra noua and of Sessa besides the duchie of S. Ange which king Frideriâ— had giâ—en him when as he fauoured him and the Constableship of the realme of Naples Pedro Nauarro had also for his good seruices Pedro Nauarro made earle of Albeto his beginning and in recompence of his great industrie during the warre the countrey of Albeto in the same realme of Naples neere vnto Aquih This man from a small condition came to this greatnesse by his vertues for his beginning being scarce knowne he first of all went to sea and was a mariner after which he was a footman to the cardinall D. Iohn of Arragon then a souldier and in the end a famous captaine and an earle After the swearing of the said truce Earthquake in Spaine there was a great earthquake throughout all Spaine to the great terrour and amazement of all men by the which many houses churches forts and other buildings were shaken and ruined At that time they say the testament of the deceased king Henrie the fourth was found by the diligence of Hernando Gomes of Herrera of Madrid who hauing notice from the curat of S. Croix of the same towne that this testament was in the towne of Almeyda in Portugal whither he had transported it with other writings of importance he aduertised the queene and by her commission went to Almeyda with the curat found these writings and brought them away In recompence whereof the king made the bachelâ—r Hernand Alcayde or Prouost of the justice of his house and court The queene did not see this testament as it is probable for she fell extreamly sicke and after foure monethes languishing died Death of the Q. Isabella at Medina del Campo in the yeare 1504 being 53 yeares old and seuen monethes and the thirtieth yeare of her raigne A princesse adorned with great vertues which may couer some excesse of ambition her other imperfections she was zealous in religion chast liberall and courteous Her bodie was transported to the citie of Granado Bodie of the Q. Isabella in a Friers weed and remained long there in the Alhambra in the habit of a Franciscane Frier as she had ordained And after the decease of her husband which was twelue yeares after it was layed with his in the royall chappell of that citie That yere died D. Magdeleina Infanta of Nauarre in the same towne of Medina del Campo being daughter to the king D. Iohn of Albret and Katherine then raigning D. Henrie Henriques vncle to king Ferdinand and his lord steward and D. Pedro of Estuniga cardinall and Archbishop of Seuille did also leaue this world which Archbishopricke was giuen to Diego of Deca borne at Toro being then bishop of Palence a doctor in Diuinitie and afterwards Inquisitor generall Confessor to the king and founder of the colledge of S. Thomas of Aquin at Seuille ⧠THE 25 BOOKE OF THE Historie of Spaine The Contents of the 25 Booke 1 VOyage of Iohn Cosa
then came and died in Spaine in the towne of Cigales neere to Vailledolit in the yeare 1558 and lyes in the monasterie of S. Benedict of Vailledolit 3 Whilest that the Queen D. Isabella liued they did still practise some meanes of peace betwixt France and Spaine and to this end the kings of Castille and Arragon had their embassadors in the French kings Court making shew that they would restore king Frederic to his realme of Naples or giue it to D. Ferdinand duke of Calabria his eldest sonne who was resident if Spaine but it was not credible for that is not the custome in our age to giue away kingdomes which they doe quietly enjoy especially hauing gotten it with so great charge neither did he any thing But the yeare of her decease there was a peace concluded betwixt the Emperor Maxmilian and his sonne Philip and king Lewis by the which it was the third time agreed That prince Charles of Austria should mariâ— Claude of France with the consent of the princes and noblemen of France by the kings commaundement and namely of Francis duke of Angoulesme who was next in degree to the Crowne It was also concluded That the Emperor Maximilian should grant the inuestiture of the duchie of Milan to king Lewis for him and his heires and successors males and for want of males to his daughter and to her future spouse prince Charles who dying before the consummation of the mariage she should be giuen in mariage to the Infant D. Ferdinand his brother and they their descendants should enjoy the said duchie of Milan For the expedition of which priuiledge and donation king Lewis should pay vnto the Emperor 70000. ducats vpon the deliuerie of the letters and the like summe six moneths after and euery yere vpon new-yeares day a paire of gilt spurs in signe of honor Betwixt the Pope the Emperour king Philip his Sonne and the French king there was a league made against the Venetians League made against the Venetians to recouer the townes and Lands which either of these Princes pretended to belong vnto him and had beene vsurped by this Common-weale into which league Ferdinand king of Arragon might enter if he pleased and there was not any mention made of the realme of Naples in expectation whereof king Fredederic ended his daies that yeare 1505. at Tours Peace betwixt France and Spaine That yeare the truce betwixt D. Ferdinand king of Arragon and the French king was conuerted to a peace vpon condition that king Ferdinand should marry Germaine the kings neece daughter to his sister and to Iohn of Foix and of Nauarre Vicount of Narbone which Lady was allyed to King Ferdinand in the third degree the Vicont of Narbone being borne of queene Leonora of Nauarre his Sister by reason of which consanguinity they had a dispensation from the Pope Treatie of marriage betwixt Ferdinand and the Lady Germaine of Foix. and in consideration of this marriage it was agreed that the part which the French king might pretend in the realme of Naples should stand in stead of a dowrie for his Neece the future queene of Arragon vpon condition that the king D. Ferdinand should pay vnto the French king seuen hundred thousand ducats for the charges hee had beene at in the warre of Naples and moreouer should indowe his spouse with three hundred thousand ducats and in regard thereof a peace being concluded the Noblemen and Barons of the Realme that were prisoners in the Spaniards hands should be deliuered and the banished men restored to their estates all confiscations being void That queene Germaine dying without children before the king D. Ferdinand her dowrie should remaine to him but if she suruiued and had no children it should returne to the crown of France That king Ferdinand shold be bound to assist Gaston of Foix brother to his future spouse to conquer the realme of Nauarre which he pretended to belong vnto him and not to queene Katherine his cousin That the French King should giue leaue to queene Elizabeth widowe to King Frederit to retyre into Spaine with two children which shee had in France to whome the King D. Ferdinand should giue honest meanes to liue and if she should refuse to goe that the French king should not giue any entertainment to her nor her children That for a stronger bond of peace and assurance of the two realmes the king of Spaine should be bound to aide him of France with two thousand light Horse three hundred men at armes and sixe thousand foot the French king him of Spaine with a thousand â— ances and sixe thousand foot in their warres The king of England was caution for both of them for this peace whereunto and to the marriage king Ferdinand did easily incline to quiet his minde in regard of the realme of Naples being also aduertised that his sonne in law king Philip contemning the will and testament of queene Isabell his mother in Lawe did not meane that hee should gouerne the realme of Castille Isabel widow to Frederic of Naples chased out of France The widow queene of Naples being chased out of France according to the accord she desired rather to retyre to Ferara vnder the protection of Duke Alfonso of Esse then to go into Spaine fearing it may be that king Ferdinand would put her children to death that there might not be any to pretend to the realme of Naples King Ferdinand hauing remained most part of the yeare at Segobia and hunting at Cerezuela hee came to salamanca there to spend the remainder in which yeare there dyed many great men of Spaine Death of many Gentlemen in Spaine D. Alfonso of Fonseca Bishop of Osma to whome there succeedded an ignorant and visaious prelate base Sonne to the Admirall D. Frederic Henriques called D. Alfonso Henriques borne of a slaue of which promotion the king did often repent him and was much blamed for it by other Prelates namely of frier Anthonie de la Pegna who preached before him There dyed also D. Pero Aluares Osorio Marquesse of Astorga who left for successor his Sonne D. Aluar Peres Osorio D. Gomes Suarez of Figueroa Earle of Feria to whome succeeded Don Laurence Suares of Figueroa his Sonne who hauing marryed D. Katherine of Cordoua eldest Daughter to D. Pedro of Cordoua and neece to the great Captaine came by her â—ight to bee Marquesse of Pâ—lego D. Alfonso of Fonseca Lord of Coca and Alacxos and D. Francisco of Velasco Earle of Siruela D. Hurtado of Mendosa gouernour of Casorla brother to the deceased Cardinall D. Pero Gonsales of Mendâ—ca did also end their daies this yeare The plague did also carry away infinite numbers of people in the citie of Burgos so as it was in a manner left desolate 4 In the yeare 1506 1506 vpon the controuersie growen betwixt the two kings father in lawe and sonne Difference betwixt D. FerdinaÌ„d king of Arragon and D. Philip and D.
escaped fell with all his troopes vppon the realme of Arragon to punish them of Saragoça There was a petition presented against him and his armie by the whole body of the realme of Arragon to the end that the Iustice Maior according to their ancient priuiledges should take armes to repulse the attempts of Don Alonso According to the which by a decree of seuenteene the Iustice with the whole realme fell to Armes distributed the Offices of warre leuied men and brought Saint Georges Standerd to field an vsuall thing in such cases and so marcht in good order out of Saragoça but with bad successe for that the Captaines traitors to their Country basely fearing the forces of Don Alonso retiring themselues abandoned their companies so as the armie of Arragon came to nothing euery one slipping away through the treachery of a Maister Inquisitor who aduertised the King how many men there were who were their Commanders and Captaines with their names and surnames and the meanes how to defeate them To vnderstand the reasons of the Arragonois to the end it may not be held a rebellion lightly vndertaken without cause or an alteration without ground It shall be good for the better knowledge of the matter to relate briefly the estate condition and beginning of the realme of Arragon Since the generall losse of Spaine which hapned vnder King Roderigo by the meanes of Cont Iulian for that he had defloured his daughter Caba The Moores or Sarazins held Spaine long without either King or Lord. In the end the realme of Arragon freed it selfe from the power of the Moores and the Arragonois made themselues their owne Maisters and Lords not acknowledging any particular Prince and without any Soueraignty but their owne So as beeing weary of their rest and liberty they required as the children of Israell did sometimes to Samuel to haue a King and therein they demanded the Popes aduice who answered them as Samuel had done the Israelits But seeing they desired to haue a King he did wish them to prescribe him lawes and conditions and ouer him a Soueraigne Iudge with assistants to bridle his ambition The Arragonois gaue credit to this Councell and before they would choose them a King they erected the dignity and preheminence of El Iusticia of Arragon which is a Soueraigne Iudge aboue the King with seuenteene Assistants And they made a law which was called the Lawe of manifestation for the preseruation of the Vassals right against the out-rages and oppressions of the mighty be hee King Prince or other Iudge Which law with other Statutes and Ordonances together with their Priuiledges are to be seene Printed vnder the Kings royall authority and haue continued many hundred yeares to the honor and reputation of their Kings and especially of Don Ferdinand of Arragon surnamed the Catholicke who would not giue eare being come to the crown of Castile by D. Isabella his wife to the bad councell which the Spaniards gaue him tending to the abolishing of the said priuiledges saying So long as the two ballances of the King and realme shall be in a iust Counterpese Saying of Don Ferdinand King of Arragon the king and realme shall continue and flourish together but if one of the Scales seeke to weigh downe the other the one or the other will fall to ruine or it may bee both together Moreouer the Arragonois made a law of vnion consisting in two points worthy the knowledge for the cleering of this present discourse The one is that whensoeuer the king shall breake their lawes they may choose an other For you must vnderstand that they do not sweare vnto their Kings but conditionally in these termes Nes que valemos tanto come vos ' y vos tanto come nos oz hazemo nuestro Rey y Sennor contal que nos gardeys nuestros fueros y libertades sy no no. And hee must humble himselfe vpon his knee bare-headed before the Soueraigne Iudge which is El Iusticia and sweare first and then the Arragonois after him Manner of the King of Arragons othe The second point of this vnion is that the Princes and Noblemen of the realme may make leagues and confederations against their King in case of oppression or of breach of their priuiledges And vpon these conditions they did choose their first King who was a Knight of Arragon called Garci Ximenes and after him three or foure But this election continued not long for the King D. Pedro called with the Poignard desiring to make the realme succesiue and hereditarie insisted in an assembly of the Estates to disanull this law of election the which in the end was granted by the foure members of the realme reseruing all their other rights and priuiledges but that the which he did willingly accept and after this Accord made holding the Charter of this Election in his hand he drew out his Poynard and cut it in peeces saying these words Que tal suero y fuero dy poder eligir Rey los vassallos sangre de Rey auia de costar and withall stab'd himselfe through the hand from which time the King was called Don Pedro with the Poynard as his effigie is to bee seene at this day in the royall hall of the deputation in the towne of Saragoça whereas all the Kings his successors are vnto Philip the second last deceased By vertue of the law of vnion and of their priuiledges the Arragonnois tooke Armes this yeare 1592. prooceeding thus iustly in their businesse the chiefe Iustice causing the sentence to be insinuated to Don Alonso de Vargas by two Notaries and two Vshers who hauing made their infinuation vnto him vpon the penalty of body and goods they returned freely to Saragoça Of which thier proceeding may appeare by the Commission giuen to Don Iohn de la Nuca chosen Generall of the armie signed by El Iusticia by the Abbot of Piedra Lewis Nauarre Ihon Lewis of Marcuello Don Iohn de Luna Ieronimo de Oro and others and the Realme Wherefore all things being thus ordred according vnto law and past by the Iustice and Soueraignty the Preachers in their Pulpits and the Priests in their Confessions exhorted the people to do it yea a Secretary of the Inquisition signed the resolution of the realme as well grounded The Army of Arragon beeing thus dispersed and come to nothing as wee haue sayd before that Don Alonso entred into Saragoça the King wrote goodly letters to diuerse of the chiefe Noblemen of the Realme as Don Alonso did in like manner to giue some coulour to his bloudy exploite saying that it was to goe into France and swearing that it was the least of his thoughts to doe them any harme yea that hee was a better Arragonois then any one of them Vpon these letters he was suffered to enter freely with his armie into Saragoça hauing lodged his men hee began to imprison all men whom hee pleased Noblemen Knights Gentlemen Lawyers Marchants and Bourgesses of all
1159 he raigned 55 yeres D. Leonora daughter to Henrie the second king of England Children D. Blanche Queene of France D. Berenguela Queene of Leon. D. Sancho died an infant D. Vrraca Queene of Portugall D. Fernand died young D. Malfade died a virgin D. Constance a Nunne D. Leonora Queene of Arragon D. Henrie King of Castille Two daughters which died in their infancies VIII D. Henrie first of that name sonne to D. Alphonso 4 in the yeare 1214 he raigned about three yeares D. Malfada of Portugall his wife The king D. Henrie beeing dead without children his sister D. Berenguela second daughter to king D. Alphonso seized vpon the realme of Castille to the preiudice of D. Blanche mother to Saint Lewis king of France who was the elder and there setled D. Fernand sonne to her and to D. Alphonso ninth king of Leon. IX D. Ferdinand third of that name sonne to D. Alphonso ninth king of Leon and to D. Berenguela of Castille obtained the realme of Castille to the preiudice of Queene Blanche mother to Saint Lewis in the yeare 1217 and raigned 35 yeares D. Beatrix daughter to the Emperour Philip of whom was borne Lawfull children D. Alphonso D. Frederic D. Ferdinand D. Henrie D. Philip. D. Sancho D. Emanuel D. Leonora not maried D. Berenguela a Nun. By 〈◊〉 or Adella as some write of the house of Poictiers his second wife he had Lawfull children D. Ferdinand D. Lewis D. Leonora In this King the two Realmes of Leon and Castille were vnited and were no more diuided X. King of Castille 31. of Leon. D. ALFONSO sonne to D. Ferdinand 3 numbred for the 5 of that name and 10 in Leon but they that joyne these two Lines accompt him the 11 adding his great grandfather Alfonso 4 of Castille who had no interest in Leon. D. Violant of Arragon his wife by whom he had Children D. Ferdinand called de la Cerde who marryed D Blanche daughter to â— Lewis of France and had D. Alfonso who marryed the Ladie of Lunet named Mâ—lfâ—da daughter to the Vicont of Narbone D. Lewis Earle of Clermont husband to D. Leonora de Guzman D. Iohn Constable of France named by some Charles D. Lewis earl of ClermoÌ„â— D. Iohn de la Cerde D. Isabell wife to Bernard de Foix base the stemme of the house of Medina Celi D. Fernand who had to wife D. Iâ—ane de lara and had one daughter D. Blanche married to D. Iohn Manuell father to D. Ioane Queene of Castille wife to D. Henry the Bastard D. Iohn called de Lara heire to his mother D. Sancho 2. sonne D. Pedro 3. sonne D. Iohn 4. sonne to D. Alfonso the wiâ—e who married D. Maria Lopes Diaâ— heire of Biscaie and had D. Iohn the blind father to one Daughter marryed to D. Iohn Nugnes de Lara D. Iames 5. sonne D. Berenguela D. Beatrix D. Isabell. D. Leonora D. Maior de Gazman a Concubine mother to D. Beatrix Queene of Portugall XI King of Castille 32. of Leon. D. SANCHO second sonne to the King D. Alphonso seized vpon the realme in his fathers life time to frustrat the children of his elder brother D. Ferdinand deceased in the yeare 1284 and raigned about 11 yeares wee number him for the 4 of that name in Castille D. MARIA of Castille daughter to D. Alphonso Lord of Molina his wife Lawfull children D. Isabella Duchesse of Britaine D. Ferdinand D. Alphonso or Philip. D. Henry D. Pedro. D. Beatrix XII King of Castille 33. of Leon. D. FERDINAND sonne to D. Sancho the 4 of that name in the yeare 1295 hee raigned 17 yeares D. Constance of Portugall his wife Children D. Alphonso D. Leonora XIII King of Castille 34. of Leon. D. Alfonso 11 of that name sonne to D. Ferdinand in the yeare 1312 he raigned 38 yeares D. Maria of Portugall his wife Lawfull children D. Ferdinand died in his infancie D. Pedro King By Leonora de Guzman a Concubine he had Bastards D. Pedro. D. Sancho Twins D. Henry D. Frederic D. Ferdinand D. Tello D. Iohn D. Ioane who was wife to Ferdinand de Castro XIIII King of Castille 35. of Leon. D. Pedro the cruell in the yeare 1350 he was lawfull sonne to D. Alfonso or as some hold supposed by the Queene D. Maria who was iealous of the fruitfulnesse of D. Leonora de Guzman he raigned tirannously 18 yeares D. Blanche of Bourbon his wife D. Maria de Padille his Concubine Bastards D. Beatrix D. Constance Duchesse of Lancaster D. Alfonso D. Isabell Countesse of Cambridge D. Ioane de Castro whom he married in the life of Queene Blanche mother to D. Iohn D. Isabella an other Concubine mother to Bastards D. Sancho D. Diego D. Theresa of Ayala vpon promise of marriage brought him D. Maria. XV. King of Castille 36. of Leon. D. Henry 2 of that name base sonne to Alfonso 11 beeing persecuted by the king D. Pedro he had recourse vnto the French by whose ayde he conquered the Realme of Castille and slew the king D. Pedro in the yeare 1368 and raigned 11 yeares D. Ioane Manuell his wife mother to Lawfull children D. Iohn king of Castille D. Leonora Queene of Nauarre D. Leonora Ponce some call her Beatrix a Concubine by her he had D. Frederic duke of Benauent D. Eluira Inigues an other Concubine mother to D. Ioane marryed to D. Alfonso sonne to the Marquesse of Villena Of vncertaine mothers were borne D. Alfonso Earle of Gijon An other daughter married to D. Pedro sonne to the marquesse of Villena XVI King of Castille 37. of Leon. D. Iohn 1 of that name sonne to D. Henry the second in the yeare 1379 hee raigned 11 yeares D. Leonora of Arragon his wife mother to Lawfull children D. Henry D. Ferdinand A daughter which died yong D. Beatrix of Portugall his second wife XVII King of Castille 38 of Leon. D. HENRY third of that name sonne to D. Iohn the first in the yere 1390 he raigned 16 yeares D. KATHERINE of Lancaster his wife Lawfull children D. Marie Queene of Arragon D. Iohn King of Castille D. Katherine XVIII King of Castille 39 of Leon. D. IOHN sonne to D. Henry the third in the yeare 1406 he raigned 48 yeares D. MARIA of Arragon daughter to D. Ferdinand his vncle his wife Lawfull children D. Katherina died yong D. Leonora D. Henry king of Castille D. ISABELL of Portugall his second wife daughter to the infant D. Iohn Master of S. Iames. D. Isabell Queene of Castille D. Alphonso XIX King of Castille 40 of Leon. D. HENRY fourth of that name called the vnable in the yeare 1454 he raigned 21 yeares D. BLANCHE of Nauarre daughter to the king D. Iohn his first wife put away D. IOANS of Portugall his second wife mother to D. Ioane a supposed child XX. King of Castille 41 of Leon. D. ISABELL of Castille sister to king Henry the fourth was Queene of Castille as next of the bloud and lawfull she married with D. FERDINAND Prince of Arragon
Iohn of Albret and D. Katherine D. Ferdinand and D. Isabella his wife kings of Castille and Arragon seized on the realme of Nauarre beyond the Pyrenees and joyned it to Castille XXXVI HENRY the second of Albret successor to the rights of Nauarre second of that name in the yere 1517. MARGVERITE of France sister to king Francis the first his wife Ioane whom Bertrand Helie calls Charlotte XXXVII IOANE daughter to Henry the second succeeded in her fathers rights married to ANTHONIE Duke of Vendosme of the noble house of Bourbon Henry Katherine XXXVIII HENRY the third of that name in Nauarre and the fourth in France in the yere 1572 and raigned 38 yeares MARGVERITE of Valois from whom he was diuorced hauing no children MARIE de Medicis daughter to the duke of Florence his second wife by whom he had Lewis with diuers other children XXXIX LEVVIS now raigning the second of that name in Nauarre and the thirteenth in France he succeeded to his fathers rights in the yere 1610. Line of Arragon I. There is mention made about the yeare 775 of Aznar the sonne of Aznar and grand-child to Ende Duke of Aquitaine who had two sonnes Galinde and Ximenes Garces II. D. Galinde obtained some lands of the Soueraigntie of Nauarre and had his dwelling and seat at Iaca This was the beginning of Arragon D. Theuda who was Queene of Nauarre D. Ximen Aznares D. Endregot III. D. Ximen Aznares sonne to D. Galinde the third Earle of Arragon IIII. D. Ximen Garces brother to D. Galinde fourth Earle of Arragon in the yeare 803. D. Garcia Aznares his sonne V. D. Garcia Aznares sonne to D. Ximen Garces fift Earle of Arragon D. Fortun Ximenes his sonne VI. D. Fortun Ximenes sixt Earle of Arragon D. Vrraca as some say daughter to this D. Fortun and others to Endregot aboue named vnited the Earledome of Arragon to the Crowne of Nauarre bringing it in dowrie to the King D. Garcia Inigo second of that name VII D. Garcia Inigo king of Nauarre and seuenth Earle of Arragon in the yeare 867. D. Vrraca aboue named his wife D. Fortun their eldest sonne the rest are named in the Line of Nauarre VIII D. Fortun king of Nauarre second of that name and eight Earle of Arragon in the yeare 885. IX D. Sancho Abarca king of Nauarre and ninth Earle of Arragon brother to D. Fortun in the yeare 901. X. D. Garci Sanches sonne to D. Sancho Abarca king of Nauarre and tenth Earle of Arragon in the yeare 920. XI D. Sancho Garces sonne to D. Garci Sanches eleuenth Earle of Arragon raigning in Nauarre in the yeare 969. XII D. Garcia the shaking sonne to D. Sancho Garces king of Nauarre and twelfth Earle of Arragon in the yeare 993. XIII D. Sancho the Great sonne to D. Garcia the shaking thirteenth Earle of Arragon in the yeare 1000. This king of Nauarre erected the Countie of Arragon to a Realme and gaue it to his base sonne D. Ramir as appeares by the discourse by the Historie First King of Arragon D. RAMIR first of that name sonne to D. Sancho the great king of Nauarre was the first king of Arragon in the yeare 1034 and raigned 42 yeares D. ERMISENDE daughter to the Earle of Bigorre by some named Guberge his wife Children D. Sancho Ramires D. Garcia Bishop of Iaca. D. Sancha Countesse of Tolousa D. Theresa Countesse of Prouence He had by a concubine D. Sancho Lord of Ayuar Atares and Xauierre II. D. SANCHO RAMIRES king of Arragon in the yeare 1076 he raigned 18 yeares and vsurped the realme of Nauarre D. FELICE daughter to the earle of Vrgel his wife Children D. Pedro king D. Alphonso king D. Ramir a Monke and then a king By a concubine whose name is not extant D. Garcia Bishop of Iacca III. D. PEDRO first of that name sonne to D. Sancho Ramires in the yere 1094 he raigned 14 yeres D. BERTHE or IGNES his wife an Italian They died both before the father D. Pedro D. Isabell IIII. D. ALPHONSO first of that name brother to D. Pedro in the yeare 1108 and raigned 26 yeares he married D. Vrraca the heire of Castille and died without children after him Nauarre was separated from Arragon V. D. RAMIR a Monke sonne to D. Sancho Ramires and brother to the last kings was king of Arragon in the yeare 1134 by election of the Estates his raigne was vncertaine for hauing for the most part led a Monkish life he gaue ouer the gouernment of the realme vnto his sonne in law D. Raymond Berenger Earle of Barcelona D. AGNES sister or daughter as some hold to William Earle of Poictiers his wife mother to D. Petronilla heire of Arragon D. Petronilla daughter to D. Ramir did not raigne as some hold but her sonne D. Raymond whom she had by the Earle of Barcelona D. Raymond Berenger who gouerned the realme in qualitie of a Regent and was called Prince of Arragon who had by his wife Petronilla among other children which are named in the line of Cattelogne this sonne D. Raymond who changed his name and was called Alphonso VI. D. ALPHONSO second of that name called before Raymond sonne to the Earle D. Raymond Berenger and of the Princesse D. Petronilla in the yeare 1162 he raigned 34 yeares D. SANCHA daughter to D. Alphonso Raymond king of Castille and Leon and of D. Rica she was mother to Children D. Pedro king of Arragon D. Alfonso Earle of Prouence who had to wife D. Maria de Folcaquier whence descended D. Raymond Berenger who was married to Beatrix daughter to Thomas Earle of Morienne who had Marguerite queene of France Leonora Queene of England Sancha Queene of England Empresse Beatrix Queene of Naples Ioane who had the countie of Prouēce as the Arragonois say D. Ferdinand a Monke D. Constance Queene of Hungarie and then Empresse D. Leonora Countesse of Tolousa D. Sancha Countesse also of Tolousa D. Doulce a Nunne VII D. Pedro 2 of that name sonne to D. Alfonso the 2 in the yeare 1196 he raigned about 18 yeares His first wife was of the house of Folcaquier by whom he had D. Raymond Berenger D. Marie daughter to the Earle of Mompellier who had beene marryed to the Earle of Cominges by this second wife he had D. Iames king By a Concubine not named D. Constance marryed to William Raymond of Moncado Seneschall of Cattelogne VIII D. Iames first of that name sonne to the king D. Pedro the first in the yeare 1213 hee raigned 43 yeares D. Leonora of Castille daughter to king D. Alfonso the 9. by whom he had D. Alfonso who dyed before the father D. Violant daughter to the king of Hungarie his second wife mother to Children D. Pedro king of Arragon D. Iames king of Maiorca who married Esclermond of Foix who brought him D. Iames a Monke D. Sancho king of Maiorca D. Ferdinand D. Philip. D. Sancha D. Sancho Archbishop of Toledo D. Isabell Queene of France D. Ferdinand D.
Lewis Hutin and others The execution of this sentence was suspended in regard of the Knights Templers of Castille Arragon Majorca and Portugal the suppression of whom the Pope reserued to the disposition of the Apostolike sea to prouide according vnto reason Thus ended the Order of the Templers which had continued about two hundred yeeres a president which should be followed in other things which hauing beene instituted to a good end and whose beginnings were not wholy to be blamed are since so degenerat as the professions of Christians is made odious and abominable to other nations In time the knights Templers of Castille Portugal and Arragon were supprest with the rest being growne the more odious to all men for that they had beene condemned by a councel The Knights of Saint Iohn of Ierusalem were enriched with the spoiles of these Templers who had in the yeere of our Lord 1308. taken the Island of Rhodes Hospitaliers inricht with the spoiles of the Templers or at the least hauing beene conquered by other Christians were put in possession by Pope Clement the fifth These Rhodiens as they were afterwards called made profession of the order of Saint Augustine and obtained great preuiledges from the Popes enioying this Island aboue two hundred yeeres They had helpt to ruine the Templers and therefore had part of the spoile Pope Clement and King Philip the faire diuided their mouable goods betwixt them 22 Other Orders of holy knight-hood had their beginnings by the ruines of this Portugal as those called of Christus in Portugal by the deuotion and dilligence of the King D. Denis who assigned them rents and reuenues of Templers Comanderies and benifices Order of Christus in Portugal and it was ordained that they should carry for a marke or badge a white crosse with a red This King of Portugal wrought so as the knights of Saint Iames were seperated and exempted from the subiection of the Mastery of Castille wherein hee was assisted by the Apostolike Authority who made Alcacar de Sal the chiefe place of the order of Saint Iames the which was afterwards translated to Pamela D. Fernand King of Castille seized vpon the places townes and forts and all the reuenues of the Templers in his country to dispose thereof as should be thought fit 23 The Order called our Lady of Monteça tooke its beginning by the ruine of the Templers Arragon in the realme of Valencia which is like vnto the knights of Calatraua and vnder the Order of Cisteaux vnto whom were rents assigned out of the Templers confiscations This Order was afterwards confirmed by Pope Iohn the two and twentith successor to Clement the fifth In the time of this Clement Robert King of Naples sonne to Charles the Limping was crowned in Auignon being before Duke of Calabria a great enemy of D. Frederic King of Sicile of which Kingdome of Naples we will forbeare to speake for that it concernes not the affaires of Spaine vntill that the Arragonois were called to that crowne by Queene Ioanne the two and twentith as we shall heereafter shew 24 The accord betwixt the Kings of Castille and Granado Castille as soone as the King D. Fernand saw his estate somewhat setled was broken for the Kings of Castille and Arragon hauing met at Monreal An. 1309. in the yeere of our Lord 1309. besides the marriage which was treated betwixt the Infant D. Iames of Arragon and the Infanta D. Leonora of Castille VVatre made by Castille and Arragon against Granado they concluded to make warre against King Mahumet Aben-Alhamar the blinde and although the conquest of Granado did belong to Castille yet a sixth part thereof was granted to the King of Arragon who made preparation to besiege Almery whilest that the King D. Fernand should besiege Algezire The King of Granado aduertised of this plot Moores was much incensed against these Princes which had not kept their words but especially against the King of Arragon who had no interest to Granado the diuision being made betwixt the ancient Christian Kings and by the Popes authority He sent a good garrison to Algezire and to all other places attending the euent of this warre the which was begunne by the King of Arragon who sent some galleys in fauour of Aborrabe the Moore who was expelled stiling himselfe King of Almery who besieged Ceuta in Affrike and tooke it by meanes of these succors at the same time the King of Arragon came and layed siege to Almerie and he of Castille to Algezire The Moores incensed most against the Arragonois went to field on that side and gaue many routs and hindrances to them that held the siege and to them that came to it Algezire being well furnished defended it selfe in such sort as the King D. Fernand finding the siege would bee long sent the Archbishop of Seuile D. Alphonso Perez de Gusman Gibraltar taken and D. Iohn Nugnes de Lara with part of the army to Gibraltar the which place was yeelded and the Inhabitants and souldiars transported into Affrike with their baggage in ships which the King of Castille did furnish according to the accord for an old Moore being there who complayning vnto the King of diuers alterations wherevnto he had beene forced all the people were resolued to passe into Affrike and not to liue any more in Spaine This Moore beeing come thether at the newes of the taking thereof sayd vnto the King I was an Inhabitant of Seuille when thy Great grand fatherof sayd vnto the King I was an Inhabitant of Seuille when thy Great grand-father D. Fernand tooke it from whence being expelled I came to remaine at Xeres from thence D. Alphonso thy grand-father chased me and I retired to Tariffe the which being taken by the King D. Sancho thy father I thought to liue here in peace from whence you dislodge mee Wherefore I will passe into Affrike to spend the remainder of my daies with all the Inhabitants of this place where wee shall haue no cause to feare the Christians The King Don Fernand being returned to Algezire and seeking by all meanes possible to force it the Moores by commission from their King made an accord with him to yeeld vnto him all the places taken in the former warres in Andalusia and moreouer fifty thousand doublons so as hee would raise the siege from before Algezire This accord was made when as the King could not doe any more by reason of the discommodities which his army suffred Accord betwixt Granado and Castille through the continual raine and other crosses so as many Noblemen died of infirmities amongst the which was Don Diego Lopes de Haro by whose decease the Siegneurie of Biscay went out of the familie or Haro Biscay falles to D. Iohn of Castille and fell into the possession of them of the bloud royal of Castille by D. Iohn husband to Donna Maria Diaz de Haro daughter and heire to Lope Diaz de
Haro slaine at Alfaro During this warre D. Alphonso Perez de Guzman died also in an incounter against the Moores beeing shot through with an arrow hee lest one sonne and heire Don Iohn Alphonso de Guzman Lord of Saint Lucar These losses were increased by the retreat of Don Iohn of Castille who carried many knights away with him the which did much weaken the army wherefore the King resolued to agree and receiued the sum of gold aboue mentioned with the places of Quesada Bedmar Quadros and Chungin Thus Algezire was deliuered and a truce made betwixt the Realmes of Castille and Granado but when as the King D. Fernand found himselfe seized of these townes and of a good summe of money hee did not much care to maintaine that which hee had promised but sent Don Pedro his brother with the rest of the army to the casile of Tempul neere to Algezire the which he tooke and then returned to Seuille where D. Iohn Nugnes de Lara was newly arriued out of France from Pope Clement of whom he had obtained permission for the King to take the tithes for the warres against the Moores King Mahumet the Blinde was soone after deposed by his own brother Mahumet Azar Aben Lemin The King of Granado deposed being fauored by many great men Moores who were discontented to be gouerned by a blinde King who could not lead them to the warres in person He was taken and dispossessed in the yeere 1309. hauing raigned seuen yeeres the six hundred ninty and two of the Arabians As for the siege of Almery Arragon it was nothing fortunat for the Arragonois who were beaten both by the succors that were sent from Granado and by the besieged which sallied out vpon them so as they lost many good knights and valiant souldiar Such was the religious duty of vassals to their Lords and of subiects to their Prince so holy and inviolable the military discipline in those daies that Martin Ximenes of Ayuar holding a fee of Symon Perez of Arenos slaine in that warre was accused of felony for that he had not succored his Lord in fight but he prooued his alibi and that he was not in that incounter and D. Pedro Martines de Luna being accused of the like crime purged himselfe by oth before the King and Noblemen that he was not at the charge whereas Symon Perez had beene slaine D. Fernand Infant of Majorca was at this siege where he gaue great proofes of his valour Some Authors make mention of memorable exploits done about that time in Grece by some troupes of Arragonois and Cattelans the which we may not omit It happened about the yeere 1302. that in Italy betwixt Charles the Limping King of Naples and D. Frederic of Arragon holding the Island of Sicile contrary to the treaty of peace made at Tarascon after many routs giuen and receiued of either part there was an accord made by the meanes of Charles of Valois and others the conditions were That D. Frederic should enioy the realme of Sicile during his life the which after his death should returne to King Charles of Naples or to his successors That the Princes treating this peace and hauing interest therein should bee a meanes that the Island of Corsica and Sardinia should be giuen to D. Frederic and his descendants The townes taken by the Arragonois and Cattelans on this side the straight should bee yeelded vp The Mediators should bee sutors that the interdict of Sicile should be discharged and the prisoners should be deliuered amongst the which was Philip Prince of Tarentum sonne to Charles and Gautier Earle of Brenne which accord was ratefied by Pope Boniface Tribut imposed by the Pope vpon the realm of Sicile who imposed a tribut of fifteene thousand florins of gold vpon the realme of Sicile paiable yeerely vnto the church of Rome Vpon the conclusion of this peace the captaines and souldiers of either part retired into other countries Roger de Loria who had beene in great reputation to bee â—n excellent sea captaine yea the best of his age retired himselfe into Spaine where he died in the city of Valencia in the yeere 1305. and left an honorable posterity About foure thousand Cattelans and Arragonois and amongst them some Sicilians sayled towards Greece vnder the command of Roger Florio Cattelans and Arragonois in Greece and Thrace Berenger Entenza an Arragonois and others to serue the Emperor Andronicus Paleologus then raigning whose sonne Michel Paleologus slue Roger Florio in treason at Adrianople a man of valour of a Germain race but borne at Brindisi much lamented wherevpon the troupes of Cattelans and Arragonois did choose for their General Berenger Entenza being commanded vnder him by Fernand of Ahones Corbaran of Leet Bernard of Rochfort Raymond of Montanero William Sichar Symon Albert and others Being mutined by reason of these Grecian Princes they fortified themselues vpon the straight of Calipoli and there made warre with all violence against the Emperor Andronicus Grecians defeated by the Cattelans and cut in peeces Caio Iean one of his children with foure hundred horse which were sent against them at a place called Pont Roial six miles from Constantinople But soone after Berenger Entenza beeing incountred at sea and taken by Edward de Oria was carried prisoner to Pera and from thence to Trebysonde yet the rest of his army held the fort of Calipoli stil. The strength of this army consisted in two thousand fiue hundred horse at the most who being led by Bernard of Rochfort who was chosen their head after the taking of Entenza gaue a notable defeat to Michel Paleologus sonne to Andronicus who had with him all the Cauallarie of Constantinople neere to the towne of Apros in Thrace so as Michel being wounded was forced to saue himselfe by flight and shut himselfe into Adrianopoli whereas the Cattelans beseeged him long Their fort of Calipoli being afterwards assailed by Andriol Moro who led Theodore Paleologus Marquis of Montferrat into Italy with an army was so well defended as there were aboue sixe hundred with their commander Andriol slaine there Yet necessity in the meane time did consume these Cattelan troupes being in an enemies countrie few in number and farre from all succors so as finding themselues in extreame despaire D. Fernand Infant of Majorca arriued happely being sent by D. Frederic King of Sicile to giue them some releefe Then was Berenger Entenza returned from prison who seeking to resume his authority of captaine generall against Bernard of Rochfort there grew such a quarrel betwixt them and their partisans as Entenza was slaine wherefore the Infant of Majorcca detesting so rash and mutinous an army left them and thinking to returne into Sicile fell vpon the Isle of Negrepont where hee was staied and carried prisoner to Saint Omer a fort of Athens being put into the hands of Gaultier of Brenne ruling in that country Soone after Bernard of Rochfort and Albert his