Selected quad for the lemma: lord_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
lord_n	daughter_n	marry_v	william_n	26,865	5	8.2285	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A69789	The history of Poland. vol. 2 in several letters to persons of quality, giving an account of the antient and present state of that kingdom, historical, geographical, physical, political and ecclesiastical ... : with sculptures, and a new map after the best geographers : with several letters relating to physick / by Bern. Connor ... who, in his travels in that country, collected these memoirs from the best authors and his own observations ; publish'd by the care and assistance of Mr. Savage.	Connor, Bernard, 1666?-1698.; Savage, John, 1673-1747.	1698 (1698)	Wing C5889; ESTC R8630	198,540	426

bear_v their_o own_o loss_n and_o suffer_v all_o disaster_n with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o temper_n so_o likewise_o they_o regard_v the_o misery_n and_o misfortune_n of_o other_o with_o the_o same_o indifference_n for_o they_o will_v often_o stand_v and_o see_v a_o house_n burn_v without_o offer_v in_o the_o least_o to_o lend_v a_o help_a hand_n to_o quench_v it_o neither_o be_v they_o more_o indulgent_a to_o their_o child_n or_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o child_n to_o their_o parent_n both_o who_o be_v reciprocal_o suffer_v to_o continue_v slave_n to_o the_o tartar_n when_o but_o a_o small_a sum_n of_o money_n will_v purchase_v their_o redemption_n practise_v in_o poland_n there_o be_v neither_o academy_n nor_o school_n for_o the_o manege_v ride_v the_o great_a horse_n fence_v nor_o dance_v and_o yet_o the_o gentry_n be_v natural_o bend_v to_o those_o exercise_n will_v either_o practise_v they_o at_o home_n after_o their_o own_o rude_a fashion_n or_o travel_v to_o inform_v themselves_o of_o stranger_n abroad_o of_o all_o these_o pastime_n music_n and_o dance_a be_v their_o darling_n pleasure_n for_o even_o the_o very_a nurse_n be_v order_v to_o teach_v their_o child_n this_o last_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o can_v go_v so_o that_o you_o shall_v often_o see_v two_o child_n trip_v it_o about_o a_o room_n to_o the_o dull_a note_n of_o their_o nurse_n or_o a_o servant_n pipe_n the_o pole_n be_v so_o addict_v to_o music_n that_o bargeman_n may_v be_v frequent_o see_v play_v on_o fiddle_n as_o they_o sail_v along_o the_o river_n vistula_n with_o corn._n the_o other_o custom_n and_o manner_n of_o the_o pole_n i_o shall_v inform_v your_o lordship_n of_o as_o methodical_o and_o succinct_o as_o the_o variety_n of_o matter_n will_v admit_v but_o first_o a_o word_n or_o two_o of_o the_o polish_v family_n and_o name_n and_o the_o gentry_n be_v divide_v into_o many_o tribe_n all_o distinguish_v not_o by_o place_n or_o country_n but_o by_o several_a peculiar_a appellative_n and_o coat_n of_o arm_n out_o of_o every_o one_o of_o these_o spring_v several_a family_n of_o different_a name_n and_o affinity_n for_o example_n to_o the_o tribe_n of_o lelivicz_n who_o standard_n be_v a_o field_n azure_a charge_v with_o a_o new_a moon_n in_o chief_a and_o a_o star_n of_o the_o first_o magnitude_n between_o its_o horn_n belong_v the_o family_n of_o zarnowiski_n pileczki_n melstin_n etc._n etc._n now_o former_o the_o pole_n have_v their_o name_n from_o several_a occasion_n but_o of_o latter_a day_n they_o have_v be_v accustom_a to_o take_v they_o only_o from_o castle_n city_n town_n and_o village_n most_o common_o by_o add_v the_o termination_n ski_n or_o ki_n which_o signify_v son_n though_o some_o say_v dominion_n because_o they_o be_v general_o so_o call_v from_o the_o place_n which_o they_o govern._n in_o lithuania_n the_o termination_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v in_o witz_fw-fr which_o rather_o imply_v son_n than_o ski_n sometime_o also_o they_o take_v their_o name_n from_o these_o place_n by_o omit_v ski_n and_o witz_n and_o put_v before_o the_o place_n à_fw-la ab_fw-la in_fw-la or_o de_fw-fr as_o à_fw-fr gorka_n in_o tenstin_n de_fw-fr fulstin_n and_o the_o like_a some_o of_o the_o pole_n usual_a name_n be_v which_o i_o mention_v for_o the_o difficulty_n of_o pronunciation_n chrzonstowski_n krzikritzki_n grzmialtowski_n etc._n etc._n last_o several_a name_n in_o poland_n begin_v with_o a_o o_o as_o opalinski_n osolmski_n vzaorwski_n orzakowski_n and_o such_o like_a duration_n now_o as_o to_o marriage_n among_o the_o pole_n it_o must_v first_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o feast_n of_o those_o of_o the_o gentry_n always_o last_v three_o day_n be_v they_o that_o make_v they_o either_o poor_a or_o rich_a wherefore_o they_o must_v necessary_o be_v exceed_v expensive_a if_o a_o lady_n marry_o any_o of_o her_o wait_a maid_n she_o general_o expend_v as_o much_o as_o for_o one_o of_o her_o daughter_n but_o as_o the_o court-marriage_n will_v show_v the_o great_a magnificence_n of_o this_o kind_n i_o shall_v entertain_v your_o lordship_n out_o of_o hauteville_n with_o one_o of_o that_o sort_n court-marriage_n when_o the_o queen_n marry_v any_o of_o her_o maid_n of_o honour_n or_o when_o any_o senator_n or_o great_a lord_n be_v to_o be_v marry_v the_o first_o and_o second_o day_n the_o king_n give_v a_o great_a feast_n for_o this_o purpose_n a_o large_a hall_n be_v pitch_v upon_o where_o there_o be_v three_o table_n set_v out_o at_o the_o first_o table_n sit_v the_o king_n and_o queen_n in_o a_o manner_n that_o they_o both_o face_v the_o hall_n next_o the_o queen_n sit_v the_o two_o that_o be_v to_o be_v marry_v and_o next_o to_o the_o king_n the_o pope_n nuncio_n and_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n at_o the_o same_o table_n likewise_o sit_v the_o foreign_a ambassador_n over_o against_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n at_o the_o two_o other_o table_n extend_v the_o whole_a length_n of_o the_o hall_n all_o the_o lady_n senators_z and_o officer_n except_o only_o such_o as_o wait_v on_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n be_v place_v by_o a_o officer_n according_a to_o their_o respective_a precedence_n thereat_o most_o common_o this_o feast_n begin_v about_o four_o or_o five_o of_o the_o clock_n in_o the_o afternoon_n and_o last_v to_o two_o or_o three_o in_o the_o morning_n here_o it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o the_o senator_n be_v accustom_a to_o rise_v often_o and_o go_v up_o to_o the_o king_n table_n to_o drink_v his_o majesty_n health_n on_o their_o knee_n at_o these_o feast_n they_o eat_v little_a but_o drink_v hungarian_a wine_n to_o a_o immoderate_a degree_n the_o lady_n out_o of_o modesty_n only_o touch_v the_o top_n of_o the_o glass_n with_o their_o lip_n and_o so_o set_v they_o down_o before_o they_o or_o pour_v they_o into_o their_o plate_n in_o a_o manner_n tha●_n more_o wine_n be_v think_v to_o be_v spill_v and_o lose_v here_o than_o drink_v when_o they_o have_v sit_v about_o five_o or_o six_o hour_n at_o table_n the_o violin_n and_o a_o little_a sort_n of_o portable_a organ_n begin_v to_o strike_v up_o and_o then_o they_o spend_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o time_n in_o dance_v in_o this_o exercise_n every_o body_n join_v and_o not_o so_o much_o as_o the_o old_a people_n of_o either_o sex_n be_v excuse_v those_o that_o begin_v the_o dance_n be_v general_o the_o ancient_a senator_n and_o old_a lady_n who_o move_v slow_o about_o like_o so_o many_o friar_n or_o nun_n in_o procession_n but_o although_o the_o dance_a begin_v with_o so_o much_o gravity_n and_o formality_n yet_o it_o usual_o end_v with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o hurry_n and_o confusion_n bride_n on_o the_o second_o day_n all_o the_o guest_n present_v the_o bride_n with_o something_o new_a and_o none_o give_v less_o than_o a_o small_a piece_n of_o plate_n all_o these_o present_n be_v make_v before_o the_o queen_n this_o ceremony_n be_v perform_v before_o they_o sit_v down_o to_o table_n these_o present_v most_o common_o make_v a_o good_a part_n of_o the_o bride_n portion_n the_o late_a princess_n of_o poland_n when_o she_o be_v marry_v to_o the_o elector_n of_o bavaria_n have_v above_o the_o value_n of_o 100000_o crown_n present_v she_o ceremony_n on_o the_o three_o day_n be_v solemnize_v the_o espousal_n all_o the_o wedding_n guest_n accompany_v the_o bridegroom_n and_o bride_n on_o horseback_n to_o church_n as_o likewise_o in_o their_o return_n home_o when_o they_o be_v always_o to_o pass_v by_o the_o king_n palace_n during_o all_o the_o time_n of_o their_o come_n and_o go_v the_o trumpets_z sound_n from_o the_o balcony_n on_o both_o side_n the_o way_n when_o the_o bride_n have_v be_v conduct_v to_o her_o husband_n house_n and_o a_o magnificent_a feast_n there_o prepare_v be_v end_v and_o the_o company_n go_v the_o bride_n begin_v to_o fall_v a_o cry_n it_o be_v the_o custom_n it_o seem_v in_o poland_n for_o maid_n to_o weep_v at_o that_o time_n and_o to_o seem_v concern_v for_o fear_n they_o shall_v be_v think_v impudent_a and_o immodest_a the_o other_o marriage_n of_o the_o gentry_n in_o poland_n be_v perform_v much_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n only_o with_o less_o magnificence_n dispensation_n the_o man_n and_o the_o woman_n that_o be_v godfather_n and_o godmother_n to_o child_n be_v always_o cousin_n and_o relation_n though_o they_o be_v not_o so_o before_o and_o consequent_o can_v be_v marry_v without_o a_o dispensation_n from_o the_o bishop_n of_o the_o diocese_n procession_n the_o ceremony_n of_o burial_n in_o poland_n be_v usual_o celebrate_v with_o so_o great_a pomp_n and_o magnificence_n that_o one_o will_v rather_o take_v they_o for_o triumph_n than_o enterment_n the_o corpse_n have_v be_v put_v into_o the_o coffin_n it_o be_v place_v in_o a_o hearse_n or_o chariot_n with_o six_o horse_n all_o cover_v with_o black_a housing_n the_o coffin_n have_v a_o

country_n but_o here_o the_o citizen_n in_o prussia_n be_v except_v for_o they_o may_v possess_v land_n of_o what_o extent_n soever_o out_o of_o their_o city_n also_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o cracow_n may_v purchase_v and_o enjoy_v land_n in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n likewise_o the_o magistrate_n of_o vilna_n have_v a_o power_n to_o possess_v land_n and_o the_o city_n of_o leopol_n in_o like_a manner_n have_v a_o privilege_n for_o its_o private_a citizen_n to_o hold_v land_n privilege_n a_o nobleman_n gentleman_z or_o one_o that_o be_v freeborn_a of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n every_o gentleman_n have_v his_o coat_n of_o arm_n grant_v he_o by_o the_o republic_n but_o then_o either_o he_o or_o some_o of_o his_o family_n must_v have_v possession_n in_o land_n there_o he_o can_v pretend_v to_o all_o the_o great_a employment_n and_o office_n in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o buy_v land_n where_o he_o please_v all_o over_o the_o dominion_n of_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n he_o have_v moreover_o a_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n if_o his_o credit_n and_o interest_n can_v procure_v it_o every_o gentleman_n be_v a_o sovereign_a lord_n and_o master_n in_o his_o own_o land_n for_o he_o have_v the_o power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n over_o his_o tenant_n or_o as_o the_o pole_n term_v they_o his_o subject_n though_o i_o may_v better_o call_v they_o his_o slave_n for_o they_o have_v neither_o privilege_n nor_o law_n to_o protect_v they_o but_o be_v to_o be_v govern_v absolute_o by_o the_o will_n and_o pleasure_n of_o their_o lord_n they_o dare_v not_o leave_v his_o land_n to_o go_v to_o another_o under_o pain_n of_o death_n unless_o he_o sell_v they_o to_o his_o neighbour_n as_o he_o have_v the_o power_n to_o do_v or_o have_v violate_v or_o ravish_v their_o wife_n or_o daughter_n insomuch_o that_o i_o have_v hear_v that_o some_o have_v wish_v to_o have_v have_v a_o fine_a wife_n or_o daughter_n that_o their_o lord_n may_v thereby_o have_v give_v they_o occasion_n to_o get_v rid_v of_o he_o convict_v if_o a_o gentleman_n kill_v another_o gentleman_n slave_n he_o be_v neither_o to_o be_v try_v nor_o punish_v for_o it_o and_o be_v only_o oblige_v to_o give_v that_o gentleman_n another_o slave_n in_o the_o room_n of_o he_o or_o as_o much_o money_n as_o will_v buy_v one_o and_o beside_o to_o maintain_v the_o family_n of_o the_o person_n that_o he_o have_v kill_v likewise_o if_o he_o kill_v one_o of_o his_o own_o slave_n he_o only_o pay_v a_o matter_n of_o fifty_o livre_n to_o be_v quit_v nay_o if_o one_o gentleman_n kill_v another_o he_o can_v be_v apprehend_v nor_o clap_v into_o prison_n for_o his_o crime_n nisi_fw-la jure_fw-la victus_fw-la unless_o a_o court_n of_o justice_n have_v first_o convict_v he_o which_o common_o give_v he_o time_n enough_o to_o escape_v for_o he_o must_v first_o be_v cite_v to_o appear_v and_o upon_o his_o neglect_n he_o be_v declare_v contumacious_a and_o consequent_o convict_v but_o it_o may_v very_o well_o be_v suppose_v that_o he_o who_o know_v himself_o guilty_a will_v not_o run_v the_o hazard_n of_o appear_v nor_o venture_v the_o lose_n of_o his_o head_n this_o honour_n the_o pole_n likewise_o bestow_v on_o the_o common_a people_n hang_v being_n not_o the_o usual_a way_n of_o execution_n in_o their_o country_n exception_n however_o hartknoch_n have_v these_o exception_n from_o this_o privilege_n for_o say_v he_o if_o a_o nobleman_n be_v take_v in_o the_o very_a act_n of_o ravish_v burn_v of_o house_n theft_n robbery_n or_o the_o like_a he_o may_v be_v apprehend_v by_o the_o law_n likewise_o if_o he_o will_v not_o give_v sufficient_a caution_n according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o his_o offence_n or_o last_o if_o he_o be_v find_v in_o the_o register_n to_o have_v be_v thrice_o convict_v before_o notwithstanding_o this_o privilege_n of_o the_o nobility_n say_v hauteville_n i_o have_v know_v one_o instance_n to_o the_o contrary_a for_o those_o who_o assassinate_v gonczenski_n petty_a general_n of_o lithuania_n be_v seize_v without_o any_o formality_n and_o carry_v prisoner_n to_o elbing_n and_o be_v afterward_o condemn_v to_o be_v behead_v at_o the_o general_a diet_n at_o warsaw_n in_o the_o year_n 1664._o but_o then_o this_o crime_n of_o they_o be_v so_o notorious_a that_o the_o nobility_n may_v well_o have_v wave_v their_o privilege_n for_o these_o villain_n take_v that_o gentleman_n out_o of_o his_o bed_n at_o vilna_n and_o put_v he_o into_o a_o coach_n with_o a_o confessor_n carry_v he_o out_o of_o the_o city_n where_o they_o scarce_o allow_v he_o time_n to_o say_v his_o prayer_n before_o they_o shoot_v he_o dead_a with_o pistol_n consent_n a_o polish_v nobleman_n though_o he_o be_v proscribe_v and_o cite_v and_o find_v guilty_a can_v be_v execute_v without_o the_o king_n knowledge_n and_o consent_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o case_n of_o samuel_n zborowski_n who_o though_o he_o have_v be_v proscribe_v and_o condemn_v by_o the_o great_a chancellor_n and_o general_n of_o the_o army_n zamoiski_n yet_o will_v he_o not_o presume_v to_o behead_v he_o till_o he_o have_v know_v king_n stephen_n pleasure_n therein_o soldier_n the_o polish_v gentry_n also_o have_v another_o privilege_n which_o be_v that_o no_o soldier_n or_o officer_n of_o the_o army_n can_v be_v quarter_v upon_o they_o for_o if_o any_o one_o shall_v presume_v to_o attempt_v such_o a_o thing_n the_o diet_n will_v either_o condemn_v he_o to_o death_n or_o pronounce_v he_o infamous_a whereby_o he_o will_v be_v deprive_v of_o the_o power_n of_o give_v his_o vote_n in_o all_o assembly_n and_o moreover_o be_v render_v incapable_a of_o enjoy_v any_o office_n or_o employment_n in_o the_o state_n and_o this_o be_v as_o be_v degrade_v from_o his_o nobility_n whereupon_o i_o may_v take_v notice_n of_o a_o passage_n that_o happen_v at_o the_o diet_n of_o election_n of_o john_n iii_o and_o which_o do_v not_o a_o little_a contribute_v towards_o his_o be_v choose_v the_o palatin_n of_o smolensko_n son_n go_v and_o quarter_v at_o the_o house_n of_o wiesnowiski_n without_o his_o leave_n as_o be_v report_v by_o order_n of_o the_o grand_a general_n patz_n which_o occasion_v the_o marshal_n who_o be_v judge_n in_o these_o case_n two_o day_n before_o the_o break_n up_o of_o the_o diet_n to_o deprive_v this_o palatin_n of_o his_o vote_n in_o the_o election_n whereby_o sobieski_n be_v free_v from_o a_o declare_a enemy_n and_o the_o austrian_a faction_n lose_v a_o profess_a friend_n gentry_n the_o king_n likewise_o can_v now_o lodge_v in_o any_o nobleman_n house_n against_o his_o will_n as_o he_o can_v before_o the_o year_n 1433._o also_o wherever_o any_o foreigner_n die_v without_o heir_n his_o estate_n escheat_n to_o the_o lord_n of_o those_o land_n where_o he_o die_v and_o not_o to_o the_o king_n and_o where_o any_o polish_v gentleman_n die_v without_o heir_n the_o king_n can_v seize_v upon_o his_o estate_n by_o right_a of_o escheat_n if_o he_o have_v a_o relation_n leave_v of_o the_o eight_o degree_n inclusive_o the_o gentry_n also_o may_v have_v house_n in_o the_o king_n city_n and_o town_n but_o then_o they_o must_v not_o let_v such_o trade_n inhabit_v they_o as_o may_v prove_v obnoxious_a or_o a_o nuisance_n to_o the_o citizen_n and_o likewise_o these_o house_n ought_v to_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o city_n but_o which_o however_o be_v seldom_o or_o never_o observe_v the_o house_n of_o a_o nobleman_n moreover_o be_v a_o kind_a of_o asylum_n for_o though_o delinquent_n may_v be_v arrest_v there_o with_o his_o consent_n yet_o can_v they_o be_v take_v thence_o by_o force_n diet._n not_o less_o be_v a_o nobleman_n privilege_n as_o to_o custom_n and_o tax_n for_o if_o he_o will_v swear_v his_o good_n be_v not_o buy_v but_o arise_v from_o his_o land_n he_o may_v send_v they_o any_o where_o out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o be_v sell_v without_o pay_v duty_n and_o where_o he_o have_v once_o so_o swear_v his_o testimonial_n alone_o for_o the_o future_a will_v suffice_v to_o exempt_v they_o also_o his_o subject_n will_v have_v the_o same_o privilege_n wherever_o they_o trade_n in_o prussia_n the_o noble_n be_v not_o only_o free_a from_o custom_n but_o likewise_o all_o the_o other_o inhabitant_n by_o the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o culm_n but_o although_o the_o polish_v nobility_n be_v thus_o say_v to_o be_v free_a from_o tax_n yet_o upon_o emergent_a occasion_n and_o exigency_n the_o diet_n usual_o oblige_v they_o to_o pay_v they_o for_o a_o certain_a time_n preemption_n the_o nobility_n also_o have_v a_o privilege_n of_o preemption_n of_o salt_n for_o in_o the_o staple_n for_o that_o commodity_n there_o must_v be_v at_o least_o a_o month_n notice_n before_o any_o can_v be_v sell_v to_o any_o body_n else_o notwithstanding_o after_o all_o these_o privilege_n the_o polish_v nobility_n

we_o in_o england_n but_o the_o three_o part_n of_o their_o liberty_n we_o can_v not_o live_v together_o without_o cut_v one_o another_o throat_n since_o experience_n daily_o show_v that_o notwithstanding_o the_o great_a vigilancy_n of_o our_o officer_n the_o severity_n of_o our_o law_n the_o just_a rigour_n of_o our_o judge_n and_o magistrate_n and_o the_o punctual_a execution_n of_o their_o sentence_n and_o judgement_n the_o gallow_n and_o gibbet_n be_v more_o frequent_o visit_v here_o than_o even_o the_o prison_n be_v in_o poland_n occasion_v i_o fancy_v the_o reason_n that_o the_o pole_n be_v so_o quiet_a and_o good_a nature_a be_v because_o be_v bear_v free_a and_o live_v in_o a_o excessive_a liberty_n under_o no_o law_n nor_o arbitrary_a power_n there_o be_v nothing_o before_o they_o that_o can_v constrain_v their_o mind_n bridle_v their_o passion_n or_o curb_v their_o thought_n but_o as_o there_o be_v nothing_o that_o can_v entice_v they_o to_o do_v ill_a so_o nothing_o likewise_o can_v hinder_v they_o from_o do_v it_o enslave_v dr._n connor_n say_v he_o have_v ask_v some_o polish_v nobleman_n why_o they_o so_o inhumane_o treat_v and_o undervalue_v their_o boor_n they_o answer_v that_o former_o all_o the_o boor_n of_o the_o kingdom_n revolt_v from_o their_o landlord_n rebel_v against_o they_o as_o the_o swisser_n do_v against_o their_o gentry_n and_o conspire_v together_o to_o extirpate_v and_o destroy_v they_o all_o that_o they_o murder_v and_o kill_v a_o vast_a number_n of_o gentleman_n and_o that_o the_o rest_n be_v oblige_v either_o to_o hide_v themselves_o or_o to_o leave_v the_o kingdom_n but_o that_o at_o length_n the_o gentry_n get_v together_o from_o all_o part_n and_o be_v moreover_o assist_v by_o their_o neighbour_n they_o so_o fright_v and_o defeat_v the_o poor_a peasant_n who_o have_v make_v a_o general_a insurrection_n against_o they_o to_o set_v up_o a_o commonwealth_n of_o their_o own_o that_o they_o bring_v they_o to_o such_o extremity_n that_o ever_o since_o they_o have_v be_v content_v to_o be_v keep_v slave_n yet_o the_o pole_n say_v that_o though_o they_o have_v a_o absolute_a power_n over_o they_o they_o seldom_o make_v use_n of_o it_o any_o more_o than_o other_o christian_n do_v over_o their_o dog_n or_o horse_n strange_a comparison_n as_o if_o they_o spare_v the_o poor_a people_n life_n rather_o out_o of_o self-interest_n than_o charity_n and_o by_o reason_n that_o they_o think_v they_o will_v be_v more_o serviceable_a to_o they_o live_v than_o dead_a not_o unlike_o some_o king_n who_o give_v malefactor_n their_o life_n only_o to_o prefer_v they_o to_o their_o galley_n notwithstanding_o notwithstanding_o the_o peasant_n in_o poland_n be_v bear_v slave_n and_o have_v no_o manner_n of_o notion_n of_o liberty_n live_v very_o well_o satisfy_v and_o content_v in_o curland_n they_o be_v as_o subject_v to_o their_o landlord_n as_o in_o poland_n and_o in_o both_o country_n master_n be_v almost_o pay_v adoration_n their_o slave_n love_v they_o and_o fight_v willing_o for_o they_o and_o all_o they_o have_v be_v absolute_o at_o their_o devotion_n nay_o though_o they_o debauch_v their_o wife_n and_o daughter_n yet_o they_o only_o care_v to_o obtain_v their_o liberty_n by_o it_o and_o this_o be_v so_o common_a a_o thing_n among_o these_o poor_a wretch_n that_o they_o never_o value_v their_o woman_n the_o less_o for_o it_o nor_o think_v themselves_o a_o whit_n either_o injure_v or_o dishonour_v by_o it_o condition_n the_o condition_n of_o the_o kmeton_n as_o the_o pole_n call_v they_o or_o boor_n or_o rustic_n at_o this_o day_n in_o poland_n be_v such_o that_o they_o lead_v miserable_a and_o wretched_a life_n haviug_v no_o law_n no_o judge_n and_o scarce_o any_o religion_n among_o they_o but_o like_o brute_n they_o be_v force_v to_o work_n on_o sunday_n and_o dare_v not_o so_o much_o as_o appeal_v to_o the_o king_n or_o diet_n for_o redress_v however_o in_o royal_a prussia_n their_o condition_n be_v something_o better_o for_o there_o they_o enjoy_v almost_o the_o same_o law_n and_o liberty_n with_o the_o gentry_n former_o casimir_n the_o great_a make_v several_a law_n in_o their_o behalf_n but_o which_o at_o this_o day_n be_v seldom_o or_o never_o practise_v all_o bishop_n abbot_n palatine_n castellan_n etc._n etc._n be_v oblige_v to_o be_v of_o the_o nobless_v except_o a_o certain_a number_n assign_v by_o king_n john_n albert_n out_o of_o the_o plebeian_n to_o be_v capable_a of_o be_v inferior_a divine_n lawyer_n or_o physician_n only_o a_o exception_n from_o this_o law_n may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o person_n of_o peter_n gamratus_n who_o from_o a_o plebeian_n be_v prefer_v by_o sigismond_n to_o several_a both_o ecclesiastical_a and_o temporal_a dignity_n but_o in_o prussia_n as_o i_o have_v remark_v before_o the_o custom_n be_v much_o more_o indulgent_a to_o the_o common_a people_n lord_n as_o i_o have_v hint_v before_o to_o your_o lordship_n a_o gentleman_n revenue_n in_o poland_n partly_o consist_v in_o his_o slave_n for_o he_o can_v well_o be_v esteem_v rich_a unless_o he_o have_v a_o great_a number_n of_o these_o poor_a creature_n under_o his_o power_n whereof_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o but_o earn_v their_o lord_n a_o 100_o frank_n a_o year_n it_o may_v not_o be_v improper_a therefore_o to_o observe_v here_o the_o manner_n and_o custom_n of_o these_o poor_a wretch_n and_o it_o may_v first_o be_v remark_v that_o these_o slave_n can_v enjoy_v nothing_o of_o their_o own_o nor_o ever_o become_v free_a unless_o they_o can_v get_v into_o some_o convent_n or_o get_v to_o be_v ordain_v priest_n or_o else_o incline_v their_o master_n to_o debauch_v their_o wife_n or_o daughter_n whereby_o the_o law_n set_v they_o free_a but_o most_o common_o their_o lord_n have_v a_o watchful_a eye_n over_o they_o and_o obviate_v all_o their_o policy_n farm_n these_o lord_n never_o let_v their_o land_n to_o farm_n but_o to_o establish_v a_o peasant_n on_o they_o they_o forthwith_o order_v the_o other_o peasant_n of_o the_o village_n at_o their_o own_o charge_n to_o build_v he_o a_o house_n furnish_v he_o with_o a_o cow_n hen_n goose_n and_o a_o quantity_n of_o rye_n sufficient_a to_o keep_v he_o a_o year_n so_o that_o a_o lord_n of_o a_o village_n be_v at_o no_o other_o charge_n to_o set_v up_o a_o slave_n on_o his_o land_n than_o he_o first_o cost_v he_o thereto_o these_o poor_a slave_n or_o subject_n as_o they_o call_v they_o most_o common_o work_v three_o day_n in_o a_o week_n for_o their_o lord_n to_o one_o for_o themselves_o and_o sometime_o four_o dr._n connor_n say_v in_o his_o time_n a_o countryman_n have_v a_o mind_n to_o forward_o his_o son_n in_o learning_n and_o will_v have_v send_v he_o to_o the_o university_n but_o which_o the_o signior_n will_v by_o no_o mean_n condescend_v to_o and_o put_v the_o son_n in_o prison_n for_o refuse_v to_o be_v his_o secretary_n till_o at_o last_o the_o father_n be_v force_v to_o purchase_v his_o liberty_n at_o the_o expense_n of_o 400_o crown_n which_o he_o have_v borrow_v when_o a_o lord_n sell_v his_o land_n the_o slave_n common_o go_v along_o with_o it_o though_o he_o can_v dispose_v of_o either_o separately_z if_o he_o please_v corn._n at_o the_o time_n of_o harvest_n all_o the_o peasant_n of_o the_o village_n meet_v together_o to_o reap_v their_o lord_n corn_n who_o be_v supervise_v and_o force_v to_o work_n by_o very_o rigid_a taskmaster_n their_o punishment_n be_v sometime_o several_a blow_v of_o a_o cudgel_n and_o sometime_o a_o kind_n of_o pillory_n wherein_o those_o wretch_n shall_v be_v sometime_o set_v for_o a_o whole_a day_n together_o i_o shall_v think_v now_o these_o poor_a wretch_n the_o most_o miserable_a creature_n breathe_v but_o they_o on_o the_o contrary_a never_o have_v know_v any_o better_a condition_n and_o have_v see_v their_o father_n slave_n before_o they_o be_v well_o satisfy_v and_o content_v with_o their_o servitude_n but_o however_o they_o have_v this_o happiness_n that_o they_o seldom_o want_v for_o victual_n and_o drink_v for_o their_o wife_n chief_a employment_n be_v to_o provide_v they_o with_o that_o board_n they_o have_v general_o three_o or_o four_o sort_n at_o a_o meal_n viz._n one_o of_o pease_n with_o a_o little_a bacon_n slice_v among_o it_o another_o of_o course_n wheat_n barley_n or_o millet_n whereof_o they_o make_v their_o cachat_n and_o two_o other_o of_o several_a sort_n of_o strengthen_v root_n whereof_o they_o have_v great_a plenty_n and_o very_o good_a the_o movable_n of_o these_o peasant_n cottage_n be_v only_o a_o few_o earthen_a or_o wooden_a dish_n and_o a_o hard_a bed_n which_o they_o make_v themselves_o with_o a_o very_a wretched_a coverlet_n their_o child_n be_v not_o suffer_v to_o have_v a_o bed_n till_o they_o be_v marry_v but_o be_v force_v to_o lie_v upon_o board_n by_o the_o hearth_n side_n these_o sort_n of_o

reflect_v on_o those_o state_n that_o have_v a_o great_a many_o fortification_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o but_o one_o battle_n they_o have_v be_v in_o a_o manner_n ruin_v for_o the_o enemy_n be_v once_o get_v into_o their_o stronghold_n be_v not_o easy_o force_v out_o of_o they_o when_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o pole_n always_o rally_v in_o a_o field-battle_n and_o have_v no_o place_n to_o retire_v to_o either_o for_o themselves_o or_o their_o enemy_n never_o give_v out_o till_o they_o have_v total_o exclude_v their_o invader_n beside_o the_o pole_n look_v upon_o garrison_n to_o be_v the_o promoter_n of_o effeminacy_n and_o softness_n by_o the_o example_n of_o several_a hero_n of_o antiquity_n for_o the_o courage_n of_o alexander_n and_o hannibal_n be_v altogether_o enervate_v by_o their_o revel_n at_o persepolis_n and_o capua_n and_o boleslaus_n bury_v as_o it_o be_v in_o his_o debauch_n at_o kiovia_n duration_n next_o i_o must_v proceed_v to_o present_v your_o grace_n with_o a_o account_n of_o the_o general_a officer_n of_o the_o army_n and_o first_o of_o the_o general_n whereof_o there_o be_v two_o one_o for_o the_o kingdom_n and_o another_o for_o the_o great_a duchy_n as_o i_o have_v observe_v before_o he_o that_o be_v for_o the_o kingdom_n be_v style_v hetman_n wielki_n koronni_n and_o he_o for_o the_o duchy_n hetman_n wielki_n w._n x._o litheuskiego_n these_o as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o have_v almost_o the_o same_o power_n with_o the_o king_n whilst_o they_o continue_v in_o the_o field_n over_o their_o respective_a army_n for_o their_o authority_n be_v altogether_o independent_a on_o each_o other_o this_o dignity_n do_v not_o entitle_v they_o to_o sit_v in_o the_o senate_n yet_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o be_v choose_v out_o of_o the_o senatorian_a order_n and_o that_o to_o procure_v they_o the_o great_a respect_n and_o sometime_o they_o have_v at_o the_o same_o time_n be_v the_o high_a officer_n in_o the_o kingdom_n as_o great_a marshal_n great_a chancellor_n etc._n etc._n for_o john_n zamoski_n be_v both_o great_a chancellor_n and_o general_n at_o once_o yet_o this_o be_v afterward_o abrogate_a and_o now_o the_o office_n of_o general_n or_o lieutenant_n general_n be_v usual_o confer_v either_o upon_o the_o palatine_n or_o castellan_n who_o although_o they_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n superior_a to_o the_o great_a officer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o sit_v in_o the_o diet_n when_o the_o other_o be_v to_o stand_v about_o the_o king_n yet_o they_o be_v not_o presume_v to_o have_v so_o great_a a_o power_n in_o the_o republic_n this_o office_n be_v not_o long_o since_o perpetual_a but_o now_o by_o the_o constitution_n in_o the_o year_n 1666._o it_o be_v to_o expire_v at_o the_o end_n of_o three_o year_n power_n each_o of_o these_o general_n have_v his_o lieutenant_n general_n the_o office_n of_o these_o be_v describe_v in_o the_o letter_n to_o his_o grace_n the_o duke_n of_o norfolk_z and_o therefore_o need_v not_o be_v repeat_v here_o the_o title_n the_o pole_n give_v the_o former_a be_v hetman_n polny_n koronni_n and_o to_o the_o latter_a hetman_n polny_n w._n x._o litheuskiego_n in_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o general_n they_o have_v almost_o the_o same_o power_n with_o they_o and_o former_o have_v equal_a though_o the_o general_n be_v present_a but_o that_o be_v afterward_o abrogate_a they_o be_v choose_v out_o of_o the_o senatorian_a order_n in_o like_a manner_n as_o the_o general_n officer_n beside_o these_o there_o be_v the_o general_n of_o the_o frontier-guard_n which_o be_v independent_a on_o all_o but_o the_o king_n and_o diet_n likewise_o the_o general_n of_o the_o cosack_n who_o power_n be_v establish_v by_o the_o constitution_n in_o the_o year_n 1661._o next_o may_v be_v reckon_v the_o chief_a commander_n of_o the_o king_n guard_n in_o the_o camp_n who_o office_n have_v be_v describe_v already_o in_o the_o letter_n beforementioned_a next_o to_o these_o general-officer_n come_v the_o great_a master_n of_o the_o artillery_n whereof_o there_o be_v two_o one_o for_o the_o kingdom_n and_o another_o for_o the_o great_a duchy_n their_o office_n be_v to_o take_v charge_n of_o and_o to_o provide_v the_o army_n with_o all_o sort_n of_o cannon_n etc._n etc._n and_o to_o see_v the_o soldier_n want_v for_o no_o ammunition_n after_o these_o may_v be_v rank_v the_o pissarsz_n of_o the_o army_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o intendant_n the_o great_a ensign_n the_o camp-marshal_n the_o captain_n of_o the_o guard_n or_o watch_n and_o last_o the_o major_a general_n which_o be_v much_o the_o same_o with_o our_o brigadier_n army_n then_o come_v the_o colonel_n captain_n etc._n etc._n there_o be_v two_o other_o sort_n of_o officer_n belong_v to_o the_o army_n which_o be_v the_o camp-notary_n and_o the_o roto-magistri_a the_o former_a be_v to_o take_v a_o exact_a account_n of_o the_o number_n of_o soldier_n in_o the_o army_n every_o three_o month_n and_o to_o transmit_v a_o copy_n thereof_o to_o the_o great_a treasurer_n and_o another_o to_o the_o nuncio-marshal_n but_o in_o lithuania_n this_o be_v to_o be_v do_v every_o month_n and_o the_o nuncio-marshal_n copy_n be_v to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o general_n the_o roto-magistri_a be_v as_o it_o be_v captains_z or_o centurious_a of_o the_o frontier-guard_n and_o who_o can_v by_o the_o constitution_n enjoy_v such_o a_o commission_n and_o be_v senator_n at_o the_o same_o time_n belli_n as_o to_o the_o law_n relate_v to_o arm_n your_o grace_n may_v first_o be_v please_v to_o understand_v that_o though_o the_o king_n can_v proper_o be_v say_v to_o declare_v war_n without_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o the_o diet_n yet_o in_o case_n of_o sudden_a incursion_n he_o may_v former_o with_o the_o approbation_n only_o of_o such_o of_o the_o senator_n as_o be_v then_o about_o he_o and_o under_o sigismond_n iii_o there_o be_v a_o council_n of_o war_n assign_v by_o the_o diet_n or_o elect_v by_o the_o little_a diet_n amount_v to_o a_o considerable_a number_n to_o attend_v and_o advise_v in_o those_o matter_n which_o council_n continue_v even_o at_o this_o day_n however_o with_o this_o restraint_n that_o what_o they_o do_v be_v not_o altogether_o valid_a till_o it_o have_v be_v confirm_v by_o the_o general_n diet_n but_o as_o to_o offensive_a war_n that_o belong_v peculiarly_a to_o the_o great_a diet_n to_o declare_v the_o king_n in_o like_a manner_n can_v either_o give_v to_o or_o receive_v assistance_n from_o any_o foreign_a prince_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o general_n diet_n neither_o can_v he_o place_v any_o foreigner_n in_o the_o custody_n of_o castle_n or_o fort_n without_o their_o approbation_n the_o pole_n have_v many_o other_o law_n concern_v martial_a discipline_n which_o i_o have_v not_o room_n here_o to_o insert_v only_o i_o may_v take_v notice_n to_o your_o grace_n that_o deserter_n be_v punish_v not_o only_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o their_o reputation_n but_o also_o whatever_o else_o they_o have_v in_o the_o world_n be_v consiscate_v to_o the_o sole_a use_n and_o benefit_n of_o the_o army_n by_o the_o law_n also_o no_o woman_n be_v suffer_v to_o follow_v the_o camp_n though_o too_o great_a a_o number_n of_o servant_n and_o useless_a rabble_n be_v allow_v of_o insomuch_o that_o in_o a_o army_n of_o but_o 10000_o man_n there_o will_v at_o least_o be_v 50000_o of_o that_o gang._n thus_o my_o lord_n i_o have_v presume_v to_o present_v your_o grace_n with_o what_o particular_n i_o can_v find_v as_o well_o in_o the_o best_a polish_v historian_n as_o in_o some_o private_a memoir_n relate_v to_o the_o military_a affair_n in_o poland_n and_o which_o i_o hope_v though_o not_o capable_a to_o afford_v what_o satisfaction_n may_v be_v expect_v may_v at_o least_o give_v no_o occasion_n of_o offence_n i_o be_o my_o lord_n your_o grace_n most_o humble_a and_o most_o obedient_a servant_n j._n s._n letter_n vii_o to_o his_o excellency_n mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr cleverskerk_n ambassador_n in_o ordinary_a to_o his_o majesty_n william_n iii_o from_o the_o state_n of_o holland_n of_o the_o trade_n coin_n and_o riches_n of_o poland_n with_o a_o account_n of_o the_o famous_a city_n of_o dantzic_n its_o manner_n privilege_n strength_n and_o revenue_n my_o lord_n trade_n have_v ever_o be_v just_o esteem_v so_o necessary_a towards_o the_o support_n and_o grandeur_n of_o any_o state_n that_o no_o nation_n in_o the_o world_n have_v hitherto_o be_v find_v so_o stupid_a as_o to_o be_v without_o it_o some_o country_n indeed_o have_v whole_o confine_v it_o to_o the_o limit_n of_o their_o own_o dominion_n but_o how_o much_o they_o have_v be_v in_o the_o wrong_n may_v appear_v from_o the_o vast_a advantage_n which_o foreign_a commerce_n have_v bring_v to_o other_o nation_n england_n and_o holland_n be_v sufficient_a demonstration_n of_o this_o assertion_n who_o during_o

the_o title_n and_o duchy_n of_o prussia_n think_v himself_o oblige_v in_o the_o name_n of_o his_o order_n to_o enter_v protestation_n against_o it_o he_o resign_v his_o office_n to_o the_o chapter_n after_o 8_o year_n administration_n 1587._o the_o thirty_o nine_o great_a master_n of_o this_o order_n and_o administrator_n of_o prussia_n be_v maximilian_n archduke_n of_o austria_n who_o have_v earnest_o solicit_v the_o elector_n for_o that_o charge_n and_o offer_v to_o wear_v the_o habit_n of_o the_o order_n afterward_o be_v invite_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n this_o order_n be_v in_o great_a hope_n of_o be_v restore_v to_o their_o dominion_n of_o prussia_n but_o upon_o his_o be_v defeat_v by_o sigismond_n iii_o they_o soon_o lose_v all_o those_o hope_n he_o nevertheless_o continue_v their_o great_a master_n and_o be_v a_o brave_a prince_n be_v name_v for_o their_o general_n against_o the_o turk_n in_o hungary_n when_o he_o have_v a_o company_n of_o guard_n all_o knight_n of_o the_o order_n he_o hold_v his_o administration_n 34_o year_n and_o end_v his_o day_n at_o inspruck_a where_o he_o be_v likewise_o bury_v 1619._o the_o fourti_v great_a master_n be_v charles_n archduke_n of_o austria_n who_o after_o 5_o year_n regency_n die_v at_o madrid_n whither_o he_o have_v be_v invite_v by_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n to_o go_v his_o viceroy_n into_o portugal_n 1624._o the_o forty_o first_o great_a master_n be_v john_n eustache_n de_fw-fr westernach_n who_o be_v elect_v at_o mergentheim_n the_o 19_o of_o march_n in_o the_o year_n 1625_o and_o die_v 82_o year_n old_a in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1627._o 1627._o the_o forty_o second_v great_a master_n be_v gaspard_n the_o stadion_a provincial_a commander_n of_o alsace_n and_o burgundy_n and_o particular_a commander_n of_o altschausen_n he_o after_o have_v govern_v this_o order_n with_o great_a reputation_n for_o fourteen_o year_n desire_v the_o chapter_n to_o elect_a leopold_n william_n arch_a duke_n of_o austria_n for_o his_o coadjutor_n in_o the_o administration_n of_o his_o office_n and_o which_o be_v do_v he_o give_v he_o the_o cross_n of_o prussia_n as_o a_o testimony_n of_o his_o consent_n 1644._o the_o forty_o third_n great_a master_n be_v this_o leopold_n william_n who_o succeed_v stadion_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o former_a election_n he_o govern_v this_o order_n alone_o to_o the_o year_n 1662._o when_o he_o die_v at_o vienna_n the_o 20_o of_o november_n and_o be_v bury_v there_o the_o same_o year_n the_o chapter_n be_v convene_v and_o will_v have_v choose_v charles_n joseph_n archduke_n of_o austria_n to_o have_v succeed_v leopold_n william_n his_o brother_n but_o he_o die_v the_o same_o year_n and_o thereby_o their_o design_n be_v frustrate_v 1664._o afterward_o the_o chapter_n be_v assemble_v at_o mergentheim_n in_o the_o year_n 1664_o choose_v for_o their_o forty_o four_o great_a master_n one_o of_o their_o own_o knight_n call_v john_n gaspard_n of_o ambringens_n 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