Adversaries in this manner viz. The Writ of Summons to the Parliament whereby the Baron by Writ hath his Original is to call that Honourable and Worthy Person so summoned to the number of that Right High and Honourable Assembly and to be a Judge to sit hear and determine Life and Member Plea and right of Land if there shall come occasion likewise to give Counsel and Advise in the most mighty Affairs of the Realm But these things are convenient for the quality and condition of men unfitting and altogether unbeseeming the Sex of women Ergo having respect unto the scope and final purpose of such Writs such Inheritances should only descend unto the Heir Female The Second Argument contra Secondly If it shall be answered That although the Heir Female to whom such Inheritance is descended be unfit in her own person for the accomplishing of these things yet she may marry with one sufficiently able for her and in her behalf to execute the same This Answer will neither satisfie nor salve the inconveniences For admit that such an Heir Female were at full Age at the death of her Ancestor unmarried for it doth lye in her own choice then whom shall be her Husband The Third Argument contra Thirdly If such Husband shall be called by the right of his Wife the Writ shall make some mention thereof for otherwise it may well be taken that the Husband was chosen in his own person and in behalf of himself and not in regard of his wife or such pretended Dignity descended unto him But there was never such a Writ of Summons seen wherein the wife was mentioned And if the husband of such a wife have been called to the Parliament which is always by General Writ not mentioning his wife he is thereby made a Baron of himself by virtue of the said Writ Having thus heard both sides to dispute place it doth now require to interpose Opinion to compound the Controversie This point in queâ—tion is somewhat perplexed by means of difficult Presidents For first it is observed That some Presidents do prove that Baronies by Writ have descended unto Heirs Female whose husbands have been called to Parliament whether in regard of themselves or in respect of their wives right it maketh no matter but since it is that the marriage of such Ladies gave that occasion to be summoned and such husbands and their Poâ—â—erity have and do lawfully bear the same Title of Dignity which the Ancestors of such a wife did before rightfully bear For by this Controversie theâ—e is no purpose to call the right of such Noble Houses into question Howbeit Secondly this is to be observed out of the Presidents and to be acknowledged of every dutiful Subject That the King's Majesty is nevertheless at liberty to call to his High Council of Parliament whom he shall in his Princely Wisdom think fit which by his Majestie 's Noble Progenitors have in former Ages likewise observed And therefore whereas Ralph Lord Cromwell being a Baron by Writ died without Issue having two Sisters and Coheirs Elizabeth the eldest who married Sir Thomas Nevile Knight and Ioan the younger who married Sir Humphrey Butcher Knight who was called to Parliament as Lord Cromwell and not the said Sir Thomas Thirdly It is to be observed That if a Baron by Writ die without Heir Male having his Daughter Sister or other Collateral Heir Male that can challenge the Land of the said Baron deceased by any ancient entail or otherwise the Title of such an Heir Female hath heretofore been allowed as by the honourable Opinions and Relations of the Right Honourable the late Commissioners in the Office of Earl-Marshal signified unto the late Queen upon Petition of the Sister and Heir of Gregory Lord Dacres deceased may appear Moreover in the same Pedigree of the Lord Dacres it was expressed That Thomas sometimes Lord Dacres had issue Thomas his eldest Son Ralph his Second and Humphrey his third Thomas the eldest died in the life of his Father having issue Ioan Daughter and Heir who was married to Sir Richard Fines Knight and after Thomas Lord Dacres his Grandfather and Father to the said Ralph and Humphrey died after whose death Henry the Sixth by his Letters Patents bearing date at Westminster the Seventh of November in the Seventh year of his Reign reciting the said Pedigree and Marriage doth by his said Letters Patents accept declare and repute the said Richard Fines to be Lord Dacres and one of the Barons of the Realm But afterwards in the time of Edward the Fourth the said Humphrey Dacres after the attainder of the said Ralph and himself by an Act of Parliament which was the first of Edward the Fourth And after the death of the said Ralph and the Reversal of the said Act by another Act in the Twelfth of Edward the Fourth the said Humphrey made challenge unto the said Barony and unto divers Lands of the said Thomas his Father whereupon both parties after their Title had been considered of in Parliament submitted themselves to the Arbitrement of King Edward the Fourth and entred into Bond each to other for the performance thereof whereupon the said King in his Award under his Privy Seal bearing date at Westminster the Eighth of April Anno Regni sui decimo tertio did Award that the said Richard Fines in the right of Ioan his wife and the Heirs of his body by the said Ioan begotten should keep have and use the same Seat and Place in every Parliament as the said Thomas Dacres Knight Lord Dacres had used and kept and that the Heirs of the body of the said Thomas Dacres Knight then late Lord Dacres begotten should have and hold to them and to their Heirs the Mannor of Holbeach And further That the said King Edward did Award on the other part that the said Humphrey Dacres Knight and the Heirs Males of the said Thomas late Lord Dacres should be reputed had named and called the Lord Dacres of Gillesland and that he and the Heirs Males of the body of the said Thomas then late Lord Dacres should have use and keep the place in Parliament next adjoyning beneath the said place which the said Richard Fines Knight Lord Dacres then had and occupied And that the Heirs of the body of the said Ioan his wife shall have and enjoy and that the Heirs Males of the said Thomas Dacres late Lord Dacres should have to them and the Heirs Males of their bodies begotten the Mannor of Iothington c. And so note that the name of the ancient Barony namely Gillesland remained unto the Heir Male to whom the Land was entailed Moreover this is specially observed If any Baron by Writ do die having no other Issue than Female and that by some special entail or other assurance there be an Heir Male which doth enjoy all or great part of the Lands Possessions and Inheritances of such Baron deceased the Kings have used to call to the
again into the Hall where he shall sit at Table with the Knights and being risen and retired into his Chamber his Attire is taken off and again clothed with a blew Robe having on his left Shoulder a Lace of white Silk hanging to be worn upon all his Garments from that day forwards till he have gained some Honour and Renown for some Feats of Arms or some Prince or Lady of Quality cut that Lace from his Shoulder After Dinner the Knights must come to the Knight and conduct him into the King's presence to return him thanks for these Honours and so takes his leave of the King and the Governours craving his pardon for any miscarriage and claiming their Fees according to the Custom of the Court also take their leaves of the Knight I shall conclude this Chapter with giving an Account of the Knights made at the Coronation of his Majesty Knights of the Bath made at the Coronation of his Majesty King CHARLES the Second EDward Lord Clinton now Earl of Lincoln Iohn Egerton Viscount Brackley eldest Son to the Earl of Bridgwater Sir Philip Herbert then second Son to the Earl of Pembroke Sir William Egerton second Son to the Earl of Bridgwater Sir Vere Fane second Son to the Earl of Westmoreland Sir Charles Berkley eldest Son to George Lord Berkley Sir Henry Bellasis eldest Son to the Lord Bellasis Sir Henry Hyde now Earl of Clarendon Sir Rowland Bellasis Brother to Viscount Faulconberg Sir Henry Capell Sir Iohn Vaughan now eldest Son to the Earl of Carbery Sir Charles Stanley Grandchild to the late Earl of Derby Sir Francis Fane Sir Henry Fane Grandchildren to the Earl of Westmoreland Sir William Portman Baronet Sir Richard Temple Baronet Sir William Ducy Baronet Sir Thomas Trevor Baronet Sir Iohn Scudamore Baronet Sir William Gardiner Baronet Sir Charles Cornwallis afterwards Lord Cornwallis Sir Iohn Nicholas Sir Iohn Monson Sir Bourcher VVray Sir Iohn Coventry Sir Edward Hungerford Sir Iohn Knevett Sir Philip Boteler Sir Adrian Scroop Sir Richard Knightley Sir Henry Heron. Sir Iohn Lewkenor Sir George Brown Sir William Tyrringhum Sir Francis Godolphin Sir Edward Baynton Sir Greville Verney Sir Edward Harley Sir Edward VValpool Sir Francis Popham Sir Edward VVise. Sir Christopher Calthrop Sir Richard Edgcombe Sir William Bromley Sir Thomas Bridges Sir Thomas Fanshaw Sir Iohn Denham Sir Nicholas Bacon Sir Iames Altham Sir Thomas VVendy Sir Iohn Bramston Sir George Freeman Sir Nicholas Slaning Sir Richard Ingoldsby Sir Iohn Rolle Sir Edward Heath Sir William Morley Sir Iohn Bennet Sir Hugh Smith Sir Simon Leech Sir Henry Chester Sir Robert Atkyns now one of the Justices of the Common Pleas. Sir Robert Gayre Sir Richard Powle Sir Hugh Ducy Sir Stephen Hales Sir Ralph Bash. Sir Thomas VVhitmore OF Knights Batchelors With what is incident to that Degree of KNIGHTHOOD According to the Laws of England CHAP. XXI THE particular kinds of Services by which Lands of Inheritance are distinguished are two viz. Knights of Service and Knights of Soccage And in ancient time Tenure by Knights Service was called Regale servitiâ—m because it was done to and for the King and Realm and forinsecum servitium as appeareth in the 19 Edw. 2. Avowry 224. 26. Ass. p. 66. 7. Hen. 4. 19. Coke's seventh Part 8. a. Calvin's case because they who hold by Escuage ought to do and perform their Services out of the Realm Litt. 35. ideo forinsecum dici potest sit quia capitur foris hujusmodi servitia persolvuntur ratione Tenementorum non Personarum And as Knights-Service-Land requireth the service of the Tenant in Warfare and Battel abroad so Soccage-Tenure commandeth the attendance at the Plough the one by Manhood defending the King or his Lord's life and person the other by industry maintaining with Rents Corn and Victuals his Estate and Family For Kings did thus order their own Lands and Tenements one part they kept and detained in their own hands and in them stately Houses and Castles were erected and made for their habitations and defence of their Persons and of the Realm also Forests and Parks were there made for their Majesties Recreation One other part thereof was given to the Nobles and others of their Chivalry reserving Tenure by Knights Service The third part was bestowed upon men of meaner condition and quality with reservation of Soccage-Tenure And in this manner the Dukes and Nobles amongst their Menials and Followers dissipated a great part of their Lands viz. to their Gentlemen of quality to hold by Knights Service and to other of meaner condition by Soccage-Tenure The Right Honourable S. Ioseph Williams on of Milbeck hall in Cumberland Knight one of his Majestys principall Secretarys of State c a. The Honourable Sr. Robert Atkins of Totteridge in Hertford shire and of Sapperton in Glocester shire Knight of the Bath and one of his matys Iustices of the ComÌ„on pleas c a. Sr. Iohn Bennet of Dawly in Midd sx Kt. of the honble order of the Bath Leivtenant to his maties Band of Gentlemen Pentioners and eldest brother to the Rt. honble Henry Earle of Arlington who was first maried to Elizabeth Countess of Mulgrave daughter to the Earle of Midd sx and now to Bridget Howe of the Family of Sr. Grubham Howe Sr. Robert Southwell Knight one of the Clerkes attending his Majesty King Charles the Second in his most Honourable privy Councell câ—t Sr. Hugh Wyndham of Silton in Dorsetshire Kt. one of the Iustices of his matys Court of Comon pleas at Westminster eighth sonn of S. Iohn Wyndham of Orchard-Wyndham in Somersetshire Kt who was lineally descended from the antient Family of the Wyndhams of Felbrigg in Norfolk â—ownâ—r therâ—of Sr. Thomas Daniell of Beswick in the East Rideing of Yorkshire Kt. Major to his matys Regiment of Foot Guards and Captaine of his matys Archchiffe Fort in Dover Sr. Thomas Mompessonâ— antiently Montpintsonâ— of Bathampton in Wiltshire Knight a person of eminent Loyalty and suffering in the late trouble whose Family have been of greate antiquity in the said County Sr. Thomas Lynch of Great Sonkey in Lancashire Kt. one of the Gentlemen of his matyâ— privy Chamber in ordinary and late Governour of his Ma â—â—â— Island of Jamaica decended of the Lincâ—â—s of Groves in Kent and is now maried to Vere Herbert 2â— daughter of Sr. Edw Herbert sometyme Lord Keeper of the groâ—t seaâ—e Sr. William Pelham of Brocklesby in Lincolnshire Kt. whose Grandfatâ—er Sr. William Pelham of the said place Kt. who was descended of the antient family of the Pelhams of Langhtoniâ—â— sussex was employed under Queen Eliz in the offices of L d cheife Justice of Ireland Marshall of the English forces sentinto the Low Countrys Mastâ—â— of her ordnanceâ— and one of her privy Councell Sr Thomas Daviâ—s of the Citty of London Knight Ld. Maior thereof Anno 1677. Sr. William Prichard of the Citty of London Kt. and Alderman now maried to Sarah daughter of Francis
â— Erasmus is now maried to Mary daughter of Hugh Hare Baron of Coleâ—â—â— in Ireland 〈◊〉 the Lady Lucy Mountague daughter of Hen Earle oâ—â—â—â—chester L d 〈◊〉 Coll Robert Werden of Chester Comptroler to his Royall Highness Iames Duke of York and first Leiutenant and Major of his Guards first maried to Iane daughter of Edw Barnham of Cock hall in Kent Esq r and now to Margaret daughter and heyre of Will Towse of Bassingburn hall in Essex Esq. Humphrey Weld of Lulworth Castle in Dorsetshire Esq r Governor of his Ma â—ys Isle and Castles of Portland and Sandes foot lineally desended from Edricke Sylvaticus alias Wildâ— a Saxon of great renowne in the reignes of K. Herold and Will the Conquerorâ—whose father Alfrick was brother to Edricke of Stratton Duke of Merciaâ— wch sd. Humprey is now Maried to Clara daughter of the Rt. honble Thâ—â— Ld. Arundel of Warden Court of the Empire Colâ— Thomas Sackevile of Selscombe in Sussex a Person of great Loyalty being one that served his late maty in all his expeditions and was one of the Captaines of his life guards in the begining of the late warrs He is now maried to Margaret daughter of 〈◊〉 Henry Compton of Brambletye in Sussex K â— of the Bath and Uncle to the late Earle of Northampton Phillip Doughty of Eashere in the County of Surrey Esq descended from an English Saxon family of ye. Dohags who were here Sealed before the Conguest Skynner Byde Esqr. eldest sonn of Sr. Thomas Byde of Ware Park in the County of Hertford Knight now maried to Anne daughter of Tho Austen of Hoxton in Middlesex Esqr. Captaine Iohn Huitson of Clâ—asbey in the County of York one of the Captaines of the Couldstrem Regiment of foot guards to his maty King Charles the second now maried to Martha daughter of Sr. William-Cooper of Ratling Court in Kent Baronet Thomas Tomlins of St. Leonards Bromley in Midd. sx Esq r first maried to Ann daughter of Captaine Will Goodladd of Lee in Essex 2dly to Eliz daughter of Ric Swinglehurst of London Merchant 3dly to Eliz daughter of Reynolds of East Grenwich in Kent Esq r now to Susanna daughter of Geo Cranmer of Canterbury in Kent afore sd Merchant Nicholas Barbon of London M.D. one of the Colledge of Phisitians of the S â— Citty now maried to Margaret daughter of Iohn Hayes of Hadley in Midd sx Esqr. Beaumont Dixie of Bosworth in the County of Leicester Esqsr. sonn and heyre of Sr. Wolstan Dixie of Bosworth aforesaid Bart. now maried to Mary sister and heyre to Sr. William Willoughby of Willoughby in Nottinghamshire Bart. deceased Richard Winwood of Ditton Park and Quainton in the County of Bucks Esqsrâ— sonn and heyre of the Rt. honble Sr. Ralph Winwood Knightâ— Embassador Ledger to â—he States of the united Provinces and principall secretary of state to King Iames. Edward Peck of Samford Hall in the County of Essex sergeant 〈◊〉 Law to his maty King Charles the 2â— sonn and heyre of Will Peck of Metâ—â—â—â—old in the County of Norfolk Esqsr. and intermâ—ried w â— Graâ—e one of the daugâ—â—â—ers â—â—d CoheyrÌ„s of Will Green of East Barnet in Hartfordshire Esqs â— William Peck of Samford hall in the County of Essex Esqs â— sonn and â—eyre of Edw. Peck sergeant at Law and is now maried to Gartrude sole daughter and heyre of Sr. Willâ— Grâ—en of Mitcham in the County of Surry Bart. Iustinian Pagit of Grais Inn in Com Middz Esqss. Cristos Brâ—ium et Recordorum Banco Regis Ioseph Micklethwaite of Swyne in Holderness in the County of York ' Esqs s William Mountagu Esqss. son heyre to the honble William Mountagu Lord cheife Baron of his matys Court of Exchequer maried to Ann Sole daughâ—â—â—â— heyre of Ric Evelyn of Woodcot in the County of Surreyâ— Esqss. Thomas Robinson of the Inner Temple Londoâ— Esqss. cheife Prothonotary of his matys Court of Comon Pleas. Francis Diue of Bromham in the County of Bedford Esq son heirè of Sr Lewis Diue of the said place Kt. now maried to Theophila Daughter of the Right Reverend Father in God Iohn Hackett late Lord Bishop of Litchfeild and Couentry Owen Feltham of Greys Inn in ye. County of Middlesex Esq r now maried to Mary one of ye. Daughters Coheires of Alexander Portree of Barnstaâ—le in Devonshire Esqâ— Francis Wythens of Eltham in the County of Kent Esq one of ye. society of the Middle Temple London Iames Hoare of Edmonton in the County of Middlesex Esq and one of the society of ye. Middle Temple London Thomas Foley of Kidderminster in Worcestersh Esq eldest son of Thomas Foley of Witley Court in Worcestersh Esq now maried to Elizabeth Daughter of Edward Ash of Halsted in the County of Kent Esq. Paul Foley of Stoakâ— Court in the County of Hereford Esq. second sonn of Tho Foley of Witley Court in Worcester shire now maried to Mary daughter of Iohn Lane of ye. Citty of London Esq. Phillip Foley of Prestwood in the County of Stafford Esq third son of Tho Foley of Witley Court in Worcestershire Esq now maried to Penelope daughter of the Rt. honble Wm. Ld. Pagett Baron of Beaâ—desert Tollemach Duke of Lincolns Inn in Middlesex Esq Exigenter for London ct. in the Court of Common pleas sonn heyre of Dr. Edward Duke of HoningtoÌ„ in Suffolk by Eliz his wife onely daughter of Robert 2d son of Sr. Lionel Tollemach of Bently Helmingham in the Sd. County â—ar â— linealy descended in a direct male line from ye. antient family of the Dukes of Brampton Shadingfeild in the Sd. Counâ—y of late Barts Thomaâ— Walker of yâ— Inner Temple London Esqs s som time Comptroller of yâ— S â— society son of Thomas Walker of Warwicâ—shire Esqss. who is descended from an antient family of that name in Leicestershire wch Sd. Tho the bearer hereof is now maried to Elizabeth daughter Coheyâ—e of Hoo Games of Newton in Brecknockshir Esqs â— of wch Sd. familys see more in the body of thâ— Book Sâ—ction chapter Iohn Bennet of â—bington in the County of Cambridge Esqss. Iohn Lewkenor of West Deane in Sussex Esqs s son and heyre of Sr. Iohn Lewkenor Kt. of yâ— Bath deceased by Ann daughter and Coheyre of George Myn of Myn in Shropshir Esqs s decended from the antient family of the Lewkeâ—ors Thomas Coxe M.D. Physitian in ordinary to his maty King Charles the 2d. William Thompson of the Middle Temple London Esq noâ— maried to Mary Sole daughter of Iohn Stephens of Broadway in Worcestershire Gent. William Atwood of Bromfeild in Essex and Grais Inn in Middlesex Esq son and heyre of Iohn Atwood Esq desceased by Elizabeth daughter and Coheyre of Patrick Young Esq son of Sr. Peter Young K â— Abnoner and privy Councellor of Scotland to King Iames. Thomaâ— Plott Esq secretary to his Highness the Great Duke of Tuscany descended of the family of the Plotts of Sparsholt in Berkshire Iohn Warner of
Parliament by Writ as Baron such Heir Male omitting the Husband of the Issue of such Heir Female And this also appeareth by a notable Controversie in the time of Henry the Seventh between Sir Robert Willoughby Lord Brook and Richard Lord Lattimer for the Barony of Lattimer which in effect was The said Lord Brook did challenge the Barony of Lattimer as Coâ—in and Heir of Elizabeth his Great-grandmother who was Sister and Heir of Iohn Nevill Lord Lattimer who died without Issue And hereupon exhibited a Petition to Henry the Seventh in Parliament whereunto Richard Lord Lattimer was called to answer because he then enjoyed the said Title and Dignity The said Richard Lord Lattimer did by his Answer shew That after the death of the said Iohn Nevill Lord Lattimer without Issue the said Elizabeth was his Sister and next Heir and married unto Thomas Willoughby Knight second Son of the Lord Willoughby But Henry the Sixth for that the said Iohn Nevill Lord Lattimer was dead without Issue and that the next Heir was Female did therefore call to the Parliament George Nevill Knight second Son of Henry Earl of Westmoreland to be Lord Lattimer as Cosin and next Heir Male of the said Iohn Nevill Lord Lattimer which George was Grandfather of the said Richard Lord Lattimer Father of the said Richard In debate of which cause the Question now in hand namely Whether a Barony by Writ may descend to the Heirs Female was advisedly considered of by the King and his Nobility in Parliament and in the end adjudged with the said Richard Lord Lattimer which President doth afford us two Judgments in this point And in the time of Henry the Sixth when the Writ was directed to the said Sir George Nevill Knight whereby he was summoned as Lord Lattimer to the Parliament and as Heir Male and not the said Thomas Willoughby Knight husband of the said Elizabeth Heir Female And the second Judgment was given in the time of Henry the Seventh whereby the said Barony was adjudged to the said Richard Lord Lattimer coming out of the special Heir Male against the Lord Brook descended of the general Heir Male. But here in this President before remembred of the Barony of Dacres may be objected to encounter this Conclusion for there was an Heir Female married unto Sir Richard Fines who by the Declaration of King Henry the Sixth was Baron of Dacres in right of his wife And there was also Ralph and Humphrey the Heirs Males before whom the Heir Female was preferred by the censure of Henry the Sixth and Edward the Fourth This Objection is easily answered for although Henry the Sixth through the Princely favour which he bore unto Sir Richard Fines had declared him to be Lord Dacres in right of his wife yet notwithstanding did Ralph Dacres being Heir Male then unto the Lord Dacres and by that name was attainted in Parliament Anno primo Hen. 4. Wherefore the reason why the Heir Male could not be regarded was the said Attainder of the said Raâ—ph and Humphrey his brother and therefore when Humphrey in the 12 th of Edward the Fourth laboured to have the said Attainder Reversed he submitted himself to the Arbitrement of the King who to satisfie both Competitors both having deserved of him after he had admitted them to his favour he allowed one to be Lord Dacres and the other to be the Lord Dacres of Gillesland And thus much concerning the second Point Whether a Barony by Writ may descend unto the Heir Female The third Point As concerning the third Point admitting such Descent to be to the Heir Female when there is no Heir Male that may claim the same for then doth this Question take place Whether the husband of such an Heir Female shall enjoy the Dignity in right of his wife or no Wherein we are to rest upon a Resolution had and given to this special Question which was in this manner In the time of Henry the Eighth when Mr. Winby took upon him the style of Lord Talbois in right of his wife having no Issue by her The said King assisted both by Civil and Temporal Lawyers gave Sentence That no husband of a Baroness in her right should use that Style and Dignity until he had by her a Child whereby she should become Tenant by Courtesie unto her Inheritance The special Reasons that occasioned this Sentence were two First It should be convenient for her husband this day to be a Baron and a Peer of the Realm and to morrow by the death of his wife to become none and without the default of the party Secondly If he had Issue by wife and were entituled to be Tenant by the Courtesie of England of his wives Lands if he shall not also bear the Style and Dignity of his Wives Barony then should the Son after the death of his mother dying in the life time of his father be a Baron and Lord without Land for so the father should have the Land as Tenant by Courtesie and the Son the Lordship without Land And thus much said concerning the Nature Quality and Estate of a Baron by Writ and for the Resolution of the several points and Articles of the Question proposed may suffice CHAP. XII Barons by Patent which is the third kind of Barons mentioned in the former Division of Barons THere is also a fourth means of Creation viz. by Act of Parliament but the first two mentioned and this other by Patent is most usual for the Honour of the King for thereby the Donation doth proceed from his Majesty only as from the Fountain of Honour But when the Creation is by Parliament the King ever is one and may be said to be Donor A Baron therefore by Creation by reason of Letters Patents is that noble Person whom the King or any of his Progenitors Kings of this Realm have created Baron by such their Letters Patents began in the Reign of King Richard the Second This kind of Dignity of a Baron shall be of such continuance in Descent or otherwise as shall be limited in the Habendum in such Letters Patents contained for it may be but for the life of him to whom it is given or for term vanter vie as some hold Opinion in the 32 of Hen. 6. for cujus est dare est disponere It may be in special in our general Tayl and this kind of Tayl was usual before the Statute made decimo tertio of Edw. 1. by which Estate Tayl of Lands and Tenements was created as appeareth by the Patent whereby Hubert de Burgo was made Earl of Kent in the time of Henry the Third by these words Habendum sibi haeredibus suis de corpore Margaretae uxoris sui sorors Alexandri Regis Scotiae procreatis pro defectu talis exitus remanere in directis haeredibus dicti Huberti And that Estates intayl are at this Day of Titles of Honour by the said Statute of Westminster the second Question If a
Heraldry written by Iohn Guillim about fol. 18. That Sisters are allowed no differences of Badges in their Coat-Armour by reason that by them the name of the House cannot be preserved but are admitted to the Inheritance equally and are adjudged but one Heir to all intents and purposes whatsoever And the knowledge of this point in these days is worthy to be enquired into for this is to be observed out of Presidents and to be acknowledged of every dutiful Subject that the King can advance to Honour whom he pleaseth And therefore whereas Radulph Cromwell being a Baron by Writ died without Issue having two Sisters and Coheirs Elizabeth the eldest married unto Sir Thomas Nevill Knight and Ioan the younger married to Sir Humphrey Bowcher who was called to Parliament as Lord Cromwell and not the said Sir Thomas Nevill who married the eldest Sister And Hugh Lupus the first and greatest Earl of Chester Habendum sibi haeredibus adeo libere per gladium sicut iple Rex tenuit Angliam per tenorem Hugh died without Issue and the Inheritance of his Earldom was divided amongst his four Sisters and the eldest had not the Seigniory entire unto herself If a Woman be Noble by Birth or Descent with whomsoever she doth marry although her Husband be under her Degree yet she doth remain Noble for Birth-right est Character indelebilis Other Women are enobled by Marriage and the Text saith thus viz. Women ennobled with the Honour of their Husbands and with the Kindred of their Husbands we worship them in the Court we decree matters to pass in the Names of their Husbands and into the House and Surname of their Husbands do we translate them But if afterwards a Woman do marry with a Man of a baser Degree then she loseth her former Dignity and followeth the condition of her latter Husband And concerning the second disparaged Marriage as aforesaid many other Books of the Law do agree for these be Rules conceived in those Cases Si mulier nobilis nupserit ignobili desinit esse nobilis eodem modo quo quid constituitur dissolvitur It was the Case of Ralph Howard Esq who took to Wife Anne the widow of the Lord Powes they brought an Action against the Duke of Suffolk by the Name of Ralph Howard Esq and the Lady Anne Powes his Wife and exception was taken for mis-naming of her because she ought to have been named of her Husband's Name and not otherwise and the Exception was by the Court allowed For said they by the Law of God she is Sub potestate viri and by our Law her Name of Dignity shall be changed according to the Degrees of her Husband notwithstanding the Courtesie of the Ladies of Honour and Court Dyer 79. And the like is also in Queen Maries Reign when the Dutchess of Suffolk took to her Husband Adrian Brook Title Brief 54. 6. And many other Presidents have been of later times And herewith agreeth the Civil Law Digest lib. 1. title q. lege 1. In this Case of acquired Nobility by marriage if question in Law be whereupon an Issue is taken between the Parties that is to say Dutchesses are not Dutchesses Countesses are not Countesses and Baronesses are not Baronesses the Trial whereof shall not be by Record as in the former Case but by a Jury of Twelve men and the reason of the diversity is because in this Case the Dignity is accrued unto her by her Marriage which the Lawyers term Matter in Fact and not by any Record But a Noble Woman by marriage though she take to her second Husband a man of mean Degree yet she may keep two Chaplains according to the Proviso in the Statute of 11. Hen. 8. Case 13. for and in respect of the Honour which once she had viz. at the time of the Retainer And every such Chaplain may purchase Licence and Dispensation c. And Chaplains may not be Non-residents afterwards And forasmuch as the retaining of Chaplains by Ladies of great Estate is ordinary and nevertheless some questions in Law have been concerning the true understanding of the said Statute Law I think it not impertinent to set down subsequent Resolutions of the Judges touching such matters So long as the Wife of a Duke is called Dutchess or of an Earl a Countess and have the fruition of the Honour appertaining to their Estate with kneeling tasting serving so long shall a Baron's Widow be saluted Lady as is also a Knight's Wife by the courtesie of England quamdiâ— matrimonium aut viduitas uxoris durant except she happen to clope with an Adulterer for as the Laws of this Kingdom do adjudge that a Woman shall lose her Dowry in that as unto Lands Tenements and Justice so doth the Laws of Gentry and Nobleness give Sentence against such a Woman advanced to Titles of Dignity by the Husband to be unworthy to enjoy the same when she putting her Husband out of her mind subjects her self unto another If a Lady which is married come through the Forest she shall not take any thing but a Dutchess Marchioness or Countess shall have advantage of the Statute de Charta Forest. 12 Artic. during the time that she is unmarried This is a Rule in the Civil Law Si filia Regis nubat alicui Duci vel Comiti ducetur tamen semper regalis As amongst Noble Women there is a difference of Degrees so according to their distinct Excellencies the Law doth give special priviledges as followeth By the Statute 25 Edw. 3. cap. 1. it is High Treason to compass or imagine the death of the Queen or to violate the King's Companion The King's Response is a sole person except by the Common Law and she may purchase in Feesimple or make Leases or Grants with the King she may plead and be impleaded which no other married Woman can do without her Husband All Acts of Parliament for any cause which any way may concern the Queen are such Statutes whereof the Judges ought to take Recognizances as of general Statutes though the matter doth only concern the capacity of the Queen yet it doth also concern all the Subjects of the Realm for every Subject hath interest in the King and none of his Subjects within his Laws are divided from the King who is Head and Sovereign so that his business concerns all the Realm and as the Realm hath interest in the King so and for the same Reason is the Queen being his Wife A man seized of divers Lands in Fee holden by Knight's Service some by Priority that is by ancient Feoffment holden of others and some other part holden of the King in posteriority the King granteth his Seigniory to the Queen during her life and afterwards the Tenant dieth his Son within Age in this case he shall have the Wardship of the Body and have the Prerogative even as the King himself should have had The Queen Consort or Dowager shall not be amerced if she be Nonsuited
Cooke of Kingsthorp in Northampton shire Gent â— Sr. Thomas Player of Hackney in Middlesex Knight Chamberlaine of the Citty of London Sr. Iohn Berkenhead Knight Master of Requests to his Majesty and Master of the Faculties and one of the members of the Honourable house of Comons Sr William Drake of Amersham in the County of Bucks Knight now maried to Elizabeth daughter of the honble â— â— Mountâ—gu Lord cheife Baron of his matys Court of Exchequer Sr William Pargiter of Greetworth in Northampton shire Knight a samily of good Antiquity whose Ancestors have been their Seated for many Generations Sr. William Waller of Winchester in Hantshire K descended from Richard Waller of Groombridg in Kent Esqr. who at the battle of Agencourt took Ioâ— Duke of Orleanse Prisoner and brought him to Groombridg whâ—re he remained a Prisoner 24 yeares and in memory of the Action it hath bin ever since allowed to the family to beare hanging on their Antient Crest the Armes of the said Duke Sr William Hustler of Acklam in Cleaveland in The County of York Kt Sr. Joseph Sheldon of the Citty oâ— London Kt. Alderman Lord Mâ—j therof Anno 〈◊〉 Sr. Robt. Hanson of the Citty of Londoâ— Knight and Alderman Lord Major thereof Anno 1673 Sr. Iohn Maynard of Gunnersbury in the Parish of Ealing in the County of Midlesex Knight sergeant at Law to his Majesty King Charles the second S â— Iohn Shortâ—r of the Citty of London Kt. and Alderman now maried to Ezabeâ— daughter of Iohn Birkhead of Ristwhait 〈◊〉 yâ— parish of Crostwhait in Cumberland Gen â— Robert Peyton of East Barnet in ye. County of 〈◊〉 Kt. descended of ye. Antient Family of ye. Peytonâ— Cambridgshire noâ— Maried to Iane Daughter and 〈◊〉 heyrs of Lionell Robison of Couton in York shire Esq. Sr. Edward Lowe of new Sarum in Wiltshire Kt. one of the Masters of the High Honourable Court of Chancery Sr. Iohn Iames of Wiâ—â—borow in Kâ—nt Kt. dâ—scended of ye. â—ntiâ—â—â— And Sâ—râ—ading Family of ye. Iamâ—â—is Who Transplâ—nted Themseluâ—s out of Cleâ—â— in Germaâ—y into England About ye◠〈◊〉 of yâ—â—â—igne of K. 〈…〉 Family Sâ—◠〈◊〉 in Tâ—â— Body of yâ— Book Sâ—ction Chap 1 Thâ— Sâ—S Ioâ—n is â—â—w Maried to Mâ—â—y dâ—ughtâ—r of Sr. Robert Kiâ—â—eâ—râ—w of Haâ—worth in Middleâ—â—â— Kt. desâ—â—ed 〈◊〉 Câ—â—mâ—erâ—â—n to yâ— Late Queen Mother 〈◊〉 Hon Sr. Robert Bâ—oth of Salford in Lâ—â—câ—shire K â— â— chife Iustice of 〈◊〉 Matâ—s Court of Comâ—n pleas in Ireland one of his Ma â—â—â— most Hon priâ—â—â—â—â—ncell for yâ— S d Kingdome Grandchild heyre of Humfry â—ooth of Salford 〈◊〉 Gâ—n whose Châ—ritable works 〈…〉 his name of w â— see more in â—â—â—dy of yâ— Bocke sâ—e 3 chapt. 1â— The Sd. Sâ—r. Robert was first maried to mary â—â—â—ghter heyre of Spencer Poâ—ts of Chalgraye in Bedfordshire Esq 〈…〉 to Susanna Daughter of Sr. 〈…〉 of Dean in East Kent Kt. Aâ—â—soâ— Dâ—ceased Sr. Charles Pitfeild of Hâ—xton in the Parish of St. Leonard â—horditch in Middlesex Kt. Descended of the Antient family of the Pitfeilds of â—umâ—nâ—sâ—ry in Dâ—rsâ—tshireâ— is now maried to Winefrid one of the Daughters and coeheyrs of Iohn Adderley of Cotton in Stafordshire Esâ— Sr. Thomas Middleton of Stansted Mount Fichit in ye. County of Essex Kt. now maried to Mary ye. Relict of Thomas Style Esq Eldest Son of Sr. Thomas Style of Waâ—ering bury in yeâ— County of Kent Bar â— and only Daughter of Sr. Stephen Langham of the Citty of London Kt. Sr. Francis Theobald of Barking hall in Suffolk Kt. a great Lover of Lerning fautor of Lerned men in Soemuch that Dr. Castle in his Polygâ—oâ— Lexicon makes This mention of him yt. he is harum Linguarum Callentissimus Sr. Robt. Hardinge late of Kings-Newton in the Parish of Melborne in Darby-shire Nâ—w of Grais Inn in Middle â— Kt. his matys Attorney of all his Forests c. from Trent Northward's a great sufferer for there matys King Charles the first second Hee Maried Anna eldest daughr. of Sr. Richard Sprignell of Hâ—gate in Middlesex Bar â— Deceased Sr. Io. Kirke of East Ham in Esex Kt. one of the Band of Gentleman Pentioners to his matyâ— King Charles the 2d. which sd. Sr. Io. and his family hath been very actiue for the Servi c â— of there King and Country in particular at Canade in America Sr. Thomas Marshe of Darkes in the Parish of South Mimms in Com Middlesex Knight Sr. William Beversham of Holbrookhall in Suffolk Knight one of the Masters oâ— the High and Honourable Court of Chancery And it was anciently ordained That all Knights Fees should come unto the eldest Son by succession of Heritage whereby he succeeding his Ancestor in the whole Inheritance might be the better able to maintain War against the King's Enemies or his Lords and that the Soccage of Freehold be partable between the Male Children to enable them to encrease into many Families for the better encrease of Husbandry But as nothing is more unconstant than the Estates we have in Lands and Livings even so long since these Tenures have been so indifferently mixt and confounded in the hands of each sort that there is not now any note of difference to be gathered by them Lambert Peramb of Kent 10. Et quia tale servitium forinsecum non semper manet sub eadem quantitate sed quandoque praestatur ad plus quandoque ad minus ideo eo quantitate Regalis servitii qualitate fiat mentio in charta ut tenens certum tenere possit quid quantum persolvere teneatur And therefore the certainty of the Law in this case is That he that holdeth by a whole and entire Knight's Fee must serve the King or his other Lord forty days in the Wars well and sufficiently arrayed and furnished at all points and by twenty days if he hold by a moiety of a Knights Fee and so proportionable And in the Seventh of Edw. 3. 246. it was demurred in Judgment Whether Forty days shall be accounted from the first day that the King did first enter into Scotland but it seemeth that the days shall be accompted from the first day that the King doth enter into Scotland because the Service is to be done out of the Realm And they that hold per Regale servitium are not to perform that Service unless the King do also go himself into the Wars in proper Person by the Opinion of Sir VVilliam Earle Chief Justice of the Common Pleas Irium Sept. Edw. 3. 246. but vide 3 Hen. 6. tit Protection 2. in which Case it was observed That seeing the Protector who was Prorex went the same was adjudged a Voyage Royal. Also before the Statute de quia emptores terrarum which was made decimo octavo Edw. 1. the King or other Lord had given Lands to a Knight to hold of him by Service and Chivalry scil to go with the King or with his Lord when the King doth make a Voyage Royal to subdue
to the party for so it is termed in Brook's Title Additions 44. but an Honour to the Kingdom And therefore it hath been an ancient Prerogative of the Kings of this Realm at their pleasure to compel men of worth to take upon them that Degree upon payment of a Fine But we see by Experience in these days that none are compelled thereunto and that is the reason wherefore if the Plaintiff be Knighted having the Writ it shall abate because he hath changed his name and that by his own Act. And for that cause also by the Common Law not only the King but every Lord of a Mannor ought to have of every of his Tenants a reasonable Aid to make his eldest Son a Knight And all Lands are subject to these Aids except only ancient Demesne and grand and petty Serjeanty-Tenures as the Law hath â—een anciently delivered And in Io. Shelden 131. where also it is said one that wrote a little after the Statute of Westminster the first allows as a good barr to the Avowry for the Tenant to plead that the Father himself is no Knight so that one not Knighted cannot claim this Ayd of his Tenants Briâ—an cap. de prices de avers And it was at the liberty of the Lord to make more or less of his Tenants by the Common Law in this Case but by the Statute of Westminster the first Chap. 35. it is put in contrary viz. forasmuch as before this time reasonable Aid to make ones Son Knight or to marry his Daughter was never put in certain nor how much should be taken nor at what time whereby some levied unreasonable Aid and more often than seemed necessary whereby the people were sore grieved It is provided that from henceforth of a whole Knight's Fee there be taken but Twenty shillings and of Twenty pounds in Land holden in Soccage Twenty shillings and of more more and of less less after that rate And that none shall levy such Aid to make his Son a Knight until his Son be of fifteen years old nor to marry his Daughter until she be of the Age of seven years And of that there shall be mention made in the King's Writs formed on the same when any will demand it And if it happen that the Father after he hath levied such Aid of his Tenants die before he hath married his Daughter the Executors of the Father shall be bound to the Daughter for so much as the Father received for the Aid And if the Father's Goods be not sufficient his Heir shall be charged therewith unto the Daugher And this Aid is so incident that although the Lord do confirm unto the Tenant to hold by Fealty and certain Rent and release unto him all other Services and Demands yet shall he have the Aid to make his eldest Son a Knight But the King was not bound by the Statute aforementioned because the King was not named in the Statute Therefore by the Statute 25 Edw. 3. chap. 11. the King's Aid were brought to a like value The intention of the Law is That an Heir until the Age of One and twenty years is not able to do Knights Service But such a presumption of Law doth give place to a Judgment of proof to the contrary as Bracton saith Sâ—abitur presumptioni donec probetur in contrarium And therefore when the King who is the Sovereign Judge of all Chivalry hath dubbed him a Knight he by this hath adjudged him able to do him Knight's Service and all men are concluded to say the contrary to it And therefore such an Heir being made a Knight either in the life time of his Father or afterwards during his minority shall be out of Ward and Custody both for his Land and Body and marriage by the Award of the ancient Common Law By reason also that the Honour of Knighthood is so great that it is not to be holden under by any yet if the King do create such an Heir within Age a Duke Marquess Earl Viscount or â—aron by this he shall not be out of Ward and Custody both for his Land and Body And therefore it is propounded by the Statute of Magna Charta chap. 3. Ita tamen quod si ipse dum infra aetatem fuerit fiat miles nihilominus terra remaneat in Custodia Dominorum suorum So that although such an Heir within Age be made Knight and thereby to this purpose is esteemed as of full Age yet the Land shall remain in Custody of the Lord till his Age of One and twenty years by the purview of the said Act. Question If the Son and Heir of the Tenant of the King by Knights Service c. be made Knight in Paris by the French King whether he shall be out of Wardship after the death of his Father or no for thereby he is a Knight in England Coke's seventh part b. 2 Edw. 4. fol. tamen vide in Coke's sixth part 74. b. mention is only made of Knights made by the King himself or by his Lieutenant in Ireland But when the King doth make an Heir apparent within Age of a Tenant by Knights Service a Knight in the life of his Ancestor and after the death of his Ancestor the said Heir being within Age shall in this Case be out of Ward and shall pay no value for his marriage neither shall the Lord have the Custody of the Land for in that Case by the making of him Knight in the life of his Ancestor he is made of full Age so that when his Ancestor dieth no interest either in the Body or in the Land shall invest in the Lord but the Knight may tender his Livery as if he were of full Age And in that case the King shall have primier Seisin as if he had been One and twenty years of Age at the time of the death of his Ancestor and not otherwise For the Statute of Magna Charta doth not extend unto it for the purview of it doth extend only when the Heir in Ward infra aetatem is made Knight then remanet terra in Custodia c. But when the Heir is made Knight in the life of his Ancestor then the Custody cannot remain which never had any inception or essence Also when the Heir after the death of his Ancestor within Age is made Knight if after tender made to him he within Age do marry elsewhere yet he shall not pay the forfeiture of his marriage for by the making him Knight he is out of Ward and Custody of his Lord for then he ought to be sui Iuris and may imploy himself in feats of Arms for defence of the Realm c. and therefore may not be within the Custody of another and none shall pay any forfeiture but when after any refusal he doth marry himself during the time when he is under the custody and keeping of his Lord And this doth appear by the Statute of Merton chap. 6. Si se mariturierit sine licentia
the Desert after the Example of St. Anthony the Hermit and Patron of this Empire and bestowed upon these Knights great Revenues and many Priviledges And thus being instituted they received the Rule of St. Basil submitted to his Constitutions wore a black Garment and for their Ensign a blew Cross in form of the Letter T. Their chief Seat was in the Isle of Meroe where the Abbots both Spiritual and Temporal resided but in many other parts of AEthiopia they have or had great store of Monasteries and Convents with about two Millions of yearly Revenue These Knights vow to defend the Christian Religion to yield Obedience to their Superiors to observe Conjugal Chastity not to Marry or receive any other holy Orders without licence first obtained from the Abbot to guard the Confines of the Empire and to go to War when and where they are commanded Into this Order the eldest Sons of Noblemen or Gentlemen cannot be admitted but the second Sons may And if a man of any degree whatsoever except a Physician have three Sons he is bound to enter one of them into this Order Knights of the Burgundian Cross in Tunis MVlleasses King of Tunis who was driven out of his Kingdom by Barbarossa that noted Pirate was again in Anno 1535. restored thereunto by the assistance of Charles the Fifth Emperor of Germany and King of Spain And being desirous to gain the love of all those that had served in that War did as a reward confer this honour of Knighood upon all those Commanders that valiantly behaved themselves in his Service The Ensign that he assigned them was the Burgundian Cross to which was added a Steel striking Sparks of Fire out of Flint with this Inscription BARBARIA which third Badge hung to a Collar of Gold KNIGHTS OF THE West-Indies PErsons that performed valiant Acts in War were by the Mexicans advanced to Honour and had sundry Priviledges granted them insomuch that their chief Nobility sprang from the Camp And Montezuma was so high a Favourer of Knighthood that he ordained divers Orders which he distinguished by several Ensigns The principal Degree of these Knights were those that had the crown of their Hair tied with a small red Ribon with a rich Plume of Feathers from which hung so many Branches and Rolls of Feathers upon their Shoulders as they had performed worthy Exploits in War And these were termed Eagle Knights of which Order the King was the Supream The Order of the Knights of the Lions and Tigers were the most valiant in War and always bore with them their Badges and Armorial Ensigns and went to the War as did the Eagle Knights armed Cap-a-pe The Order of the Grey Knights had their Hair cut round about their Ears were not so much honoured as the former and when they went to Wars were armed but to the middle All these Degrees of Knights had their Apartments in the King's Palace which were distinguished by their several Ensigns And amongst the honourable Priviledges that they enjoyed they might carry Gold and Silver wear rich Cotton and Shoes after their fashion and use painted and guilt Vessels all which were prohibited the common people The Order of Knighthood of the Blood Royal in Peru were of great esteem for their approved Valour for before they could be admitted into the said Degree their Manhood was sufficiently tried as in managing the Dart Lance and other Military Exercises also in Leaping Wrestling Running Shooting c. in all which if they were not very expert they were thought unworthy to receive so great an Honour But being found worthy to be admitted divers Ceremonies were used at their Creation as putting on them fine Shoes and Breeches boreing of holes in their Ears giving them an Ax and adorning their Heads with Flowers c. all which was forbidden the common people And the Peruvian Lords at their solemn Feasts at Cusco used to dedicate their Children to Honour adorning them with Ensigns making holes in their Ears and anoynting their Faces with Blood in token that they should be true Knights to the Ingua The Knights of Cinaloa which is a Province near New Mexico were created by giving them a Bow and ordering them to encounter a Lion or some other savage Beast which if they slew they were received into favour and Honour The Rt. Honourble Henry Coventry Esq his matys principall Secretary of State c a. son tâ— the Rt. Honourble Thomas Lord Coventry Lord Keeper of ye. Great Seale of England The Honourble Iohn Hervey of Ickworth in Suffolke Esq. â— Treasurer to ye. Queens maty The honble William Ashburnham of Ashburnham in ye. County of Sussex Esq. Cofferer to his maty King Charles the 2d. William Wharton Esq. Fourth son to yâ—e Rt. honble Phillip Lord Wharton of Wharton in Westmoreland by Ann Daughter to 〈◊〉 â—am Carr of Fernihast in Scotland Esq. 〈◊〉 of ye. Groomes of ye. Bedchamber to King Iames. SAMVEL GRANT of Crundall in Hantshire Esq. one of the society of the Inner Temple London Esq. â—ender Molesworth of Spring Garden in the parish of St. Katherines in the Island of Jamaica Esq. one of his matys Councell 〈◊〉 the Sd. Isle second son of Hender Molesworth of Pencarrow in Cornwall Esâ—abque who was lineally descended from Sr. Walter de Molesworth of Northamptonshire who flourished in Marshall proess in the dayes of King Edw. the first went wth him to the holy warrs GEORGE LEGGE Esq. Governor of â—ortsmouth master of the Horse to his Royall Highness Iames Duke of Yorke Leiutenant of his matys Forest of Alce holt Woolmer in Hantshire one of the Deputy Leiutenant of the Sd. County Comander of his matys Shipp yeâ—â—yall Katherine one of the principall Officers of his matys Ordnance THOMAS FEJLD of Stanstead Bury in the County of Hertford Esq now maried to Mary eldest daughter of Sr. Thomas Byde of Ware park in the Said County Kt. Humfrey Wiâ—â—ley of the Jâ—â—ter Tâ—mplâ— Esq one of the Prothonotarâ—â—s of his maties Court of Common â—leaâ— at Westminster fift son of Humfrey Wâ—â—rley Esq of Hâ—msted hall in the County of Stafford by Knightley his Wife â—OGER TWâ—SDEN Esq eldest son of S â— Thomas Twisden of Bradborne in thâ— parish of East Malling in Kent Kt. Baâ—â—â— one of the Justices of his matys Court of Kings Bench EDWARD THVRLAND Esq only son of Sr. Edward Thurland of Râ—ygate in the County of Surrey Kt. one of the Barons of his matys Court of Exchequer EDWARD ROBERTS of the Citty of Dublin in the Kingdome of Ireland Esq now Maried to Alce daughter of Edw Chute of SurrendeÌ„ in the Weld of Kent Esq 〈◊〉 much Honoured Daniel Fleming of 〈…〉 in Cumberland of Rydal hall in 〈…〉 and Esq of which family Surname there 〈…〉 Lords of ye. maner of Bâ—ckermet of 〈…〉 bâ—en Kts all ye. rest that then weddâ—d 〈…〉 ye. Daughters of Baronetsâ— or Knighâ—â—â— â—â—â—â—ill Skelton eldest sonn of Sr. Iohn Skelton 〈◊〉 Leiutenant
of Nature which he hath vouchsafed unto us because in truth in the Succession of Children a mortal man is made as it were immortal neither unto any mortal men at leastwise unto Princes not acknowledging Superiors can any thing happen in worldly causes more happy and acceptable than that their Children should become notable in all vertuous Goodness Manners and Increase of Dignity so as they which excel other men in Nobleness and Dignity endowments of Nature might not be thought of others to be exceeded Hence it is that we that great goodness of God which is shewed unto us in our felicity not to pass in silence or to be thought not to satisfie the Law of Nature whereby we are chiefly provoked to be well affected and liberal to those in whom we behold our Blood to begin to flourish coveting with great and fatherly affection that the perpetual memory of our Blood with Honour and increase of Dignity and all praise may be affected our well beloved Son Charles Duke of Albony Marquis of Ormond Count of Ross and Lord of Ardmannoth our second begotten Son in whom the Regal form and beauty worthy Honour and other gifts of Vertue do now in the best hopes shine in his tender years We erect create make and ordain and to him the Name Style State Title and Dignity and Authority and Honour of the Duke of York do give to him that Name with the Honour to the same belonging and annexed by the girding of the Sword Cap and Cirtlet of Gold put upon his Head and the delivery of a Golden Verge we do really invest To have and to hold the same Name Style State Dignity Authority and Honour of the Duke of York unto the aforesaid Charles our second begotten Son and to the Heirs male of his Body lawfully begotten for ever And that the aforesaid Charles our second begotten Son according to the decency and state of the said Name of Duke of York may more honourably carry himself we have given and granted and by this our present Charter we confirm for us and our Heirs unto the aforesaid Duke and his Heirs for ever out of Farms Issues Profits and other Commodities whatsoever coming out of the County of York by the hands of the Sheriff of the said County for the time being at the times of Easter and Michaelmas by even portions For that express mention of other Gifts and Grants by us unto the said Duke before time made in these Presents doth not appear notwithstanding these being Witnesses The most excellent and most beloved Henry our Firstbegotten Son Ulrick Duke of Hellet Brother of the Queen our beloved Wife and the Reverend Father in Christ Richard Archbishop of Canterbury Primate and Metropolitan of all England and also our beloved and faithful Counsellor Thomas Lord Elsmere our Chancellor of England Thomas Earl of Suffolk Chamberlain of our Houshold and our dear Cosin Thomas Earl of Arundel our welbeloved Cosins and Counsellors Henry Earl of Northumberland Edward Earl of Worcester Master of our Horse George Earl of Cumberland and also our welbeloved Cosins Henry Earl of Southampton William Earl of Pembroke and also our welbeloved Cosins and Counsellors Charles Earl of Devonshire Master of our Ordinance Henry Earl of Northampton Warden of the Cinque Ports John Earl of Warwick Robert Viscount Cranborne our Principal Secretary and our well-beloved and faithful Counsellor Edward Lord Zouch President of our Council within the Principality and Marches of Wales and also our welbeloved and trusty Robert Lord Willoughby of Eresby William Lord Mounteagle Gray Lord Chandois William Lord Compton Francis Lord Norris Robert Lord Sidney our welbeloved and faithful Counsellor William Lord Knowles Treasurer of our Houshold and our welbeloved and faithful Counsellor George Dunbar Lord of Barwick Chancellor of our Exchequer Edward Bruce of Kinloss Master of the Rolls of our Chancery and also our welbeloved and faithful Thomas Eareskine of Birketon Captain of our Guard James Lord Barmermoth and others Given by our Hand at our Palace at Westminster in the Second year of our Reign of England c. King Edward the Third in the third year of his Reign by his Charter in Parliament and by Authority of Parliament did create Edward his eldest Son called the black Prince Duke of Cornwal not only in Title but cum feodo with the Dutchy of Cornwal as by the Letters Patents may appear in Coke's Eighth Part in the Pleadings Habendum tenendum eidem Duci ipsius haeredum suorum Regum Angliae filiis Primogenitis dicti loci Ducibus in Regno Angliae ei haereditarie successuris So that he who is hereditable must be Heir apparent to the King of England and of such a King who is Heir to the said Prince Edward and such a one shall inherit the said Dukedom which manner of limitation of Estate was short and excellent varying from the ordinary Rules of the Common Law touching the framing of any Estate of Inheritance in Fee-simple or Fee-tayl and nevertheless by the Authority of Parliament a special Fee-simple is in that case only made as by Judgment may appear in the Book aforesaid fol. 27. and 27 Ed. 3.41 b. And ever since that Creation the said Dukedom of Cornwall hath been the peculiar Inheritance of the King 's eldest Son during the life of the King his Father so that he is ever Dux natus non creatus and the Duke at the very time of his Birth is taken to be of full and perfect Age so that he may send that day for his Livery of the said Dukedom And the said black Prince was the first Duke of England after the Conquest For though Bracton who made his Book in the Reign of King Henry the Third saith sunt sub rege Duces as appeareth that place is to be understood of the ancient Kings before the Conquest For in Magna Charta which was made in the Ninth of King Henry the Third we find not the name Duke amongst the Peers and Nobles there mentioned for seeing the Norman Kings themselves were Dukes of Normandy for a great while they adorned none with this Honour And the eldest Son of every King after his Creation was Duke of Cornwall as for example Henry of Monmouth eldest Son of King Henry the Fourth Henry of Windsor eldest Son of King Henry the Fifth Edward of Westminster eldest Son of King Edward the Fourth Arthur of Winchester eldest son of King Henry the Seventh and Edward of Hampton first Son of King Henry the Eighth But Richard of Burdeaux who was the first Son of Edward the black Prince was not Duke of Cornwall by force of the said Creation For albeit after the death of his Father he was Heir apparent to the Crown yet because he was not the Firstbegotten Son of a King for his Father died in the life of King Edward the Third the said Richard was not within the limitation of the Grant and Creation by
it doth appear By which Statute three things were ordained First The County Palatine of Lancaster was again established Secondly He did invest it in the Body Politick of the King 's of this Realm And thirdly He did divide it from the order of the Crown Land And in this form it continued until Henry the Seventh who forthwith being descended from the House of Lancaster did separate it only in Order and Government from the Crown and so it continueth at this day Ceremonies to be observed in the Creation of a Duke AT the Creation of a Duke he must have on him his Surcoat and Hood and should be led between two Dukes if there be any present if not a Marquiss or two and for want of either an Earl somewhat before him on the right hand shall go on Earl which shall bear a Cap of Estate with the Coronet in it and on the other side shall also go an Earl which shall bear the Golden Rod and before the Duke that is to be created should go a Marquiss or one of the greatest Estate to bear the Sword and before him an Earl to bear the Mantle or Robe of Estate lying on his Arms. And all these Nobles that do Service must be in their Robes of Estate His Title is proclaimed twice and the Largess thrice The Effigies of the most Noble CHARLES PAULET MARQUESS of WINCHESTER EARLE of Wiltsh And BARON St. IOHN of Basing ct. R. White Sculp The most honble Charles Paulet Marâ—quess of Minchester Earle of Miltshire Baron St Iohn of Basing â— The most honble Henry Somersetâ— Marquess Earle of Worcestâ—â—â— Ld. Herâ—ert Baron of Chipstom Raglan Gomer Ld. President â— Ldâ— Leivtenant of Wales and the Marches L d Leivtenant of 〈◊〉 Countyes of Glocester Hereford Monmouth of the 〈◊〉 County of Bristoll Knight of the most noble order of the Gâ—â—teâ— one of the Lords of his matys most honble privy Councâ—llâ— The most hono rble Henry Rerrepont Marquâ—ss of Dorchester Earle of Kingston upon Hullâ— Viscount Nemarke Ld. Rerrepont Maunvers Herris one of the Lords of his matys most honorbleâ— Priuy Councel câ— OF MARQUISSES CHAP. V. A Marquiss which by the Saxons is called Marken-Reue and signifieth a Governor or Ruler of the Marches hath the next place of Honour to a Duke This Title came to us but of late days for the first was Robert Vere who was created Marquiss of Dublin by King Richard the Second and from that time it became to be a Title of Honour for in former time those that Governed the Marches were commonly called Lord Marchers and not Marquisses After the Normans had conquered this Land it was by them carefully observed as a matter of great moment to place upon the Confines and Borders of the Britains and those not then subdued men of much Valour such that were not only sufficient to encounter the Inrodes and Invasions of the Enemy but also ready upon all Occasions to make onset upon them for the enlarging their Conquest These men thus placed were of high Blood and Reputation amongst their Countrey-men the Normans and in whose Faith the Conqueror reposed special Trust and Confidence And therefore in their Territories given unto them to hold their Tenures were devised to be very special and of great importance and honour enriched with Name and Priviledges of Earl of Chester and so the North-border of Wales created to a County Palatine and the Barons of the middle part of the South Marches were adorned in a manner with a Palatine Jurisdiction having a Court of Chancery and Writs only amongst themselves pleadable to the intent that their Attendance might not thence be drawn for the prosecuting of Controversies or Quarrels in the Law And as for the other part of the South Marches they seemed to be sufficiently fenced with the River Severn and the Sea A Marquiss is created per gladii cincturam circuli aurei suo capiti positionem He is honoured with a Coronet of Gold which is part flowered and part pyramidal with the points and flowers or leaves of an equal height His Mantle is doubled Ermin which is of three doublings and an half whereas the Mantle of an Earl is but of three and the doublings of a Viscount's Mantle is but two and a half which are only plain white Furr without Ermins as are the Barons which are but of two doublings The form of their Patent which at their Creation is delivered into their hands was various but of late â—tis regulated to the method of those of other Degrees and the Ceremonies the same This Honour is hereditary and the eldest Son by the Courtesie of the Land is called Earl or Lord of a place and the younger Sons only Lord Iohn Lord Thomas or the like He hath the Title of most Noble most Honourable and Potent Prince and may have his Cloth of Estate reaching within a yard of the Ground the King or a Duke not being present and his Marchioness may have her Train born up by a Knight's Lady in her own House but not in a Dutchesses presence A Marquisses eldest Son is born an Earl and shall go as an Earl and have his Essay in an Earl's presence and wear as many powdrings as an Earl but shall give place to an Earl and his Wife shall go beneath a Countess and abovâ— all Marquisses Daughters who are born Ladies and the eldest a Countess but shall go beneath a Countess At the Creation of a Marquiss he must have on him his Surcoat and Hood and be led by a Duke or Marquiss the Sword and Cap to be born by Earls He must go after his Creation not after his Marquisite and the Marchioness his Wife according to the same The Effigies of the Right honble CHARLES BEAUCLAIRE Baron of Heddington Earle of BURFORD And of ye. Rt. honble IAMES Ld. BEAUCLAIRE Brother and heir to ye. Right honble Charles Earle of Burford The Rt. honble Aubrey Vere Earle of Oxfordâ— Baron Bulbeck Sandford Badlefinere Kt. of the Garter L Leiutenant wth his grace the Duke of â—â—â—â—marle of Essex one of his Maâ—ysâ— most Hon. privy Councell c a. The Right Honourable Charles Talbot Earle of Shrewsbury Baron Talbot Strange of Blackmere Gifford of Brimshelâ— Purnivullâ— Verdon Lovetoâ— The Right Honourable Anthony Grey Earle of Kent Baron Grey of Ruthin Hasting and Valance 〈◊〉 Right honble William Stanley Earleâ— of Derâ—â— Lord Stanley c Strange of Knocking Viscount Kintâ—â— Baron of Weâ—â—on L â— Mobâ—n Burnet Basset Lacy. L â— Leivtâ—nant of Lancâ—shire â— Cheshire and Admirall of the Seas theirâ— belonging Câ—amberlaine of Châ—ster â— L â— of Man as of the Isles c a. The Right honble Iohn Mannors Earle of Rutland Baron Ross of Hamlack Trushut and Belvior and Lord Leivetenant of Leicestershire The Right honble Theophilus Earle of Huntington L d Hastings of Hastings Hungerford Homet Botreaux Moules Moulins Peâ—erell
Elizabeth Countess of Huntington his wife eldest daughter Coeheire of Sr. Iohn Lewis late of Ledston in Yorkshire K â— Bart. deceased The Right honble William Russell Earle of Bedford Baron Russell of Tavestock Thornhaugh Knight of the most Noble Order of the Garter ct. The Right Honb le Philip Herbert Earle of Pembrook â— Montgomery Baron Herbert of Shurland Cardiffe Ross of Kendale Parr Marmion and St. Quintin Ld. of the Lordships of Vske Carleon Nemport Treleg and Lord Leiutenant of Wiltshire ct. The Right honble Edward Fines Earle of Lincoln Baron of Clinton ct. The Right honble Charles Howard Earle of Nottingham Baron Howard of Effington ct. The Right honble Iames Howard Earle of Suffolâ— Baron Howard of Walden Lord Leiuetenant of the Countys of Cambridge Suffolk one of the Gentlemen of his matys bedchamber Deputy Earle Marshall of Englandâ— The Right honble Charles 〈◊〉 â— Earle of Dorset Middsex Baron 〈◊〉 Cranfâ—ild one of the Gentlemâ—◠〈◊〉 his Matyâ— Bedchamber Lord Leiutâ—â—â—nt of Sussex The Right Honourable Iames Coecill Earle of Salisbury Viscount Cranborne and Baron Coecill of Essenden The Right Honourable Iohn Coecill Earle of Exeter Baron Coecill of Burleigh c a. The 〈◊〉 Iohn Egerton Earle of Bridg 〈…〉 Brackley Baron of Elâ—mere Ld. 〈◊〉 of the County of Bucks one the 〈◊〉 his matysâ— most Hon. privy Councell c. The Right honble Robert Sidney Earle of Leicester Viscount Lisle Baron Sidney of â—enâ—urst and one of the Lords of his Ma. â—â—s most honble privy Councell c. The Right Honourable Iames Earle of Northampton Baron Compton of Compton Lord Leivtenant of Warwick shire and one of the Lords of his matys most honble privy Councell â— Constable of his matys Tower of London and Leivtenant of the Hamlets thereto belonging The Right Honourable Robert Earle of Warwick and Hollandâ— and Baron Rich of Leeze and Kensington c a The Right Honourable William Earle of Devonshireâ— Baron Cavendish of Hardwick Knight of the Bath and Lord Leivtenant of Derby shire c a The Right Honourable William Feildin◠〈◊〉 de Hapsburgh Earle of Denbigâ— Viscount Feilding Baron Feilding of Newenham Padâ—x and St. Lis. and Earle of Desmond c a. in Ireland The Right Hononrable George Digby Earle of Bristoll Baron Digby of Sherborne ct The Right Honourable Gilbert Holles Earle of Clare and Baron Holles of Haughton in Nottinghamshire The Right Honourable Oliver St. Iohn Earle of Bullingbrook Baron S. t Iohn of Bletshoe ct The Right Honoâ—rable Charles Fane Earle of Westmorland and Baron de la Spencer and Burghwash ct The Right Honourable Robert Montague Earle of Manchester Viscount Mandevill Baron Kimbolton Lord Leivtenant of Huntingtonshire and one of the Gentlemen of his matys Bedchamber ct The Right Honourable Charles Howard Earle of Berkshire Viscount Andover and Baron Howard of Charlton ct The Right Honourable Iohn Sheffeild Earle of Mograue Baron Sheffeild of Butterwick Knight of the most noble Order of the Garter and one of the Gentlemâ—â— of his matys Bedchamber The Right Honourable William Ley Earle of Marlborough Baron Ley of Ley ct The Right Honourable Charles Knowles Earle of Banbury Viscount Wallingford and Baron Knowles of Greys The Right Honourable Thomas Savage Earle of Rivers Viscount Colchester and Rock savage and Baron Darcy of Chich. The Right Honourable Robert Bertue Earle of Lindsey Baron Villoughby of Eresby Lord Great Chamberlaine of England Lord Leivtenant of Lincolnshire one of the Gentlemen of the Bâ—dchamber and Lords of the most honble privy Councell to his Ma â—y K Charles yeâ— The Right Honourable Iohn Cary Earle of Dover Viscount Rochford and Baron Hunsden The Right Honourable Henry Mordaunt Earle of Peterborow Lord Baron of Turvey Lord Leiutenant of the County of Northampton Andâ— one of the Lords of his Majesties Most Honourable Privy Councell c t The Right Honourable Thomas Grey Earle of Stamford Ld. Ferrers of Grooby Banevill and Harrinâ—â—â—escended from the family of the Greus who were Marqueses oâ— Dorset the last of wch was Hen. who before his Attainâ—ure and Execution in Anno 1553 was Created Duke of Suffolk The Right Honourable Heneage Finch Earle of Winchelsey Viscount Maidston Baron Fiz Herberâ— of Eastwell Lord of the Royall Manner of Wye and Lord Leiutenant of the Countys of Kent â— Somerset The Right Honourable Charles Dormer Earle of Carnarvan Viscount Ascotâ— and Baron of wing Master Marshall and Surveyour of his Majetyes Hawks The Right Honourable Montjoy Blunt Earle of Newâ—port Baron Montjoy of Thurveston in Devonshâ—â—â— and Lord Montjoy of Montjoy Fort in Ireland c a. The Right Honourable Phillip Stanhopeâ— Earle of Chesâ—erfield and Baron Stanhope of Shelford c a. The Right Honourable Nicholas Tuftonâ— Earle of Thanet and Baron Tufton of Tufton c a. The Right Honourable Thomas Weston Earlâ— of Portland Baron Weston of Neyland c â— The Right Honourable William Wentworth Earlâ— of Strafford Viscount Wentworth and Baron Wentâ—â—â—â—â—â—d house Newmarâ—h Oversley and Raby Knight of thâ— Garler and one of the Lords of his Ma â—ys most honble privy Councell c a. The Right Honourable Robert Spencer Earle of Sunderland Baron Spencer of Wormleâ—ton one of thâ—â—â—ntlemen of the Bedchamber and Lords of the privy Councell to his Maty K Ch yâ— 2 The Right Honourable Nicholas Leake Earle oâ— Scarsdale and Baron Dayncourt c a. The Right Honourable Iohn Wilmot Earle of Rochester Baron Wilmot of Alderbury in England and Discount Wilâ—mot of Athlone in Ireland and one of the Gentlemen of his matys Bedchamber The Right Honourable Henry Iermine Earle of St. Albonâ— Baron of St. Edmondsâ—bury Knight of the most noble order of the Garter and one of the Lords of his matys most honble privy Councell c. The Right Honourable Edward Montague Earle of Sandwichâ— Viscount Montague of Hinchingbrooke and Baron Montague of St. Neots The Rt. Noble Iames Duke Marquest Earle of Ormond Earle of ossery Brâ—cknock Viscount Thurles Baron of Arklow Lanthonyâ— Ld. Leiutenan◠〈◊〉 Ireland Ld. High â—teward of his matys House hold Chancellor of the â—niversity of Oxford â—t. of the Garter â— oâ—â— of the Lds of his Ma â—â—s most Hon privy Councell â—câ— The Right Honourable Henry Hide Earlâ— of Clarendon Viscount Cornbuâ—â—â— Baron Hide of Hendon The Right honble Arthur Capell Earle of Essex Viscount Malden Baron Capell of Hadham one of the Lords of his matys most Honourable privy Councell Lord Leivtenant Custos Rotollorum of Hartfordshire laâ—â— Ld. Leivtenant Generall and Generall Governor of his Ma â—â—s Kingdome of Ireland The Right Honourable Robert Brudenell Earle of Cardigan and Baron Brudenell of Staughton ct. The Right Honourable Arthur Annesley Earle of Anglesey Baron Annesley of Newport Pagnell in England Viscount Valentia Baron Mount Norris of Mount-Noris in Ireland Ld. privy Seale one of the Lds of
Forty years in which time he created eight Barons and had Iura Regalia within the County Of Earls not Palatine which is as ancient as the Conquest there have been principally two kinds but either of them subdivided into several Branches for they either take name of a place or hold their Title without any place Those that take their Name of a place are of two kinds for either the place is the County as the Earl of Devonshire Kent Middlesex or the like or else some Town Castle or Honour as the Earldom of Richmond in Yorkshire Clarence in Suffolk Arundel in Suffex Bathe and Bridgwater in Somersetshire and so forth And those Earldoms which have their Titles without any place are likewise of two kinds either in respect of Office or by Birth By Office as the Earl-Marshal of England called in Latin Comes Marascallus Angliae and is an Office not only of great power being in the Vacancy of the Lord High Constable of England the King's Lieutenant General in all Marshal Affairs but of as great Honour taking place of all Earls except the Lord Great Chamberlain of England and is likewise endowed with many honourable priviledges This Title of Earl-Marshal was by K. Richard the Second first given to Thomas Mowbray Earl of Nottingham whereas before they were simply styled Marshals and after the Banishment of Mowbray he granted it to Thomas Holland Duke of Surrey and that he should carry a Rod or Verge of Gold enammeled black at both ends whereas before they used one of Wood This Office is now by his present Majesty restored to the ancient Family of the Howards Hereditary for ever and is enjoyed by the Right Honourable Henry Howard Earl of Norwich Baron Howard of Castle-Rising in Norfolk and Heir apparent to his Grace the Duke of Norfolk The other sort of Earls are by Birth and so are all the Sons of the Kings of England if they have no other Dignity bestowed upon them And therefore it was said that Iohn afterwards King of England in the life time of his Father Henry the Second was Comites sans terre Earls as other Degrees of Nobility are Offices of great Trust being created by Patent for two principal purposes one ad consulendum Regi in tempore pacis the other ad defendendum Regem Patriam in tempore belli And therefore Antiquity hath given them two Ensigns to resemble both the said Duties For first the Head is adorned with a Cap of Honour and a Coronet of Gold which for distinction is pyramidal pointed and pearled between each pyramid a Flower much shorter thâ—n the pyramid And the Body is adorned with Robes viz. a Hood Surcoat and Mantle of State with three guards of Fur upon the Shoulders which Robe is an emblem of Counsel and they are begirt with a Sword in resemblance of that they must be faithful and true to defend their Prince and Country An Earl had formerly the Title of Prince but now it is Most Potent and Noble Lord as also The Right Honourable and truly Noble Out of his Superiors presence he may have a Cloth of Estate fringed without pendants and his Countess may have her Train born up by an Esquire's Wife But to the King 's high Council of Parliament no man ought to presume to come before he hath received the King 's Writ of Summons This Constitution was first made by King Henry the Third after the Barons War was appeas'd and by King Edward the Third and his Successors it hath been carefully observed The form of a Writ of Summons to an Earl is as followeth REX c. Vnto his welbeloved Cosin John Earl of Greeting Because by the advice and assent of our Council for certain weighty and urgent businesses concerning us the state and defence of our Kingdom and Church we have ordained to be holden a certain Parliament at our City of Westminster the day of next coming and there together with you and with the Prelates and Great and Noble Men of our said Kingdom to have confidence and treaty commanding and firmly injoyning you upon your Faith and Allegiance whereby you are holden unto us that the dangers and perils imminent of that business considered and all Excuses set apart you be present at the said day in the same place with us and with the Prelates and Noblemen aforesaid to treat and give counsel upon the aforesaid business and hereof fail not as you tender our honour and the safegard and defence of our Kingdom and Church aforesaid Witness our self at Westminster the day of in the year of our Reign In this Writ an Earl is saluted by the Kâ—ng by the Name of Cosin although no Kin and the Writ of Summons to him or any other Peer is particularly directed to himself and not unto the Sheriff of the Country as the general Summons are to Knights and Burgesses of Parliament After a man is created an Earl Viscount or any other Title of Honour above his Title it is become parcel of his Name and not an addition only but in all legal Proceedings he ought to be styled by that his Dignity In the first of King Edward the Third fol. 151. a Writ of Formedon was brought against Richard Son of Alleyn late Earl of Arundel and did demand the Mannor of C. with the Appurtenances c. The Tenant by his Learned Counsel did plead that he was Earl of Arundel and was at the day of the Writ purchased and demanded Judgment of the Writ because he was not named in the Writ according to his Dignity and Title of Honour To which the Demandant saith That at that time when he did purchase the Writ the Tenant was not known nor taken to be an Earl and it is severe Justice if the Writ shall abate without any default in the Plaintiff nevertheless because the truth of the matter was so that the Earldom did descend unto him before the Plaintiff had commenced his Action and purchased his Writ against him therefore by Judgment his Writ was abated although the Tenant was not at that time known to be an Earl But if a Baron be Plaintiff or Defendant it is not of necessity to name him Baron 8 Hen. 6. 10. yet see a distinction of Barons concerning this matter here following And so Reginald Gray was reputed Esquire after the Earldom descended unto him till at last it was published and declared by the Queen and the Heralds that he was Earl of Kent in Right and by Descent although he was not reputed or named Earl before that time But an addition may be used or omitted at pleasure except in special Cases where Processes of style of Supremum Caput Ecclesiae Anglicanae which by Act of Parliament in the 26 th of Hen. 8. cap. 1. and in the 35 th of Hen. 8. cap. 3. was annexed to the Imperial Crown of this Realm It is no part of the King's style so that it may be omitted in the Summons of Parliament
the former which is by lybelling secret slandering or defaming of others for this privy Backbiter doth not by words impeach his Adversary in so manifest and turbulent manner as the cholerick Menacer in his fury doth but seeming to sit quietly in his Study doth more deeply wound his Fame and Credit than the other boisterous person doth for he in a moment threatneth to do more than peradventure he is either able or hath courage to perform in all his life For his Passion thus discovering the Malice of his Heart doth give his Adversary warning to defend himself from him But this secret Canker the Libeller concealeth his Name hideth himself in a Corner and privily sâ—ingeth his Reputation and Credit and he knoweth not how to right himself and the greater is this Offence if done to a publick Magistrate or Minister of State for then it may bring a disturbance to the peace of the King and Kingdom And if it be against a private person the staining his Reputation will cause him not to be at quiet in Body and Mind until he hath found his Enemy which many times may lie so secretly hid that he cannot be discovered and then probably one innocent upon some suspicion or other may come to suffer for it Sometimes the malicious Defamer poureth forth his poyson in writing by a Scandalous Book Ballad Epigram or Rhime near the place where the party so abused doth most converse In which cases the Law hath provided that the party delinquent when he is found out and discovered shall be severely punished for he may either be Indicted by the ordinary Course of the Common Law and if it be an exorbitant Offence then by Pillory loss of Ears Whipping c. or the party grieved may have an Action upon the Case against the Offender and recover his Damages And in this it is not material whether the Libel be true or false or the party scandalized be alive or dead or be of a good or ill Name yet our Laws are so made as to punnish him and such like men by a due Course of Justice And to conclude this matter concerning Wrongs done to the Name and Dignity of a Nobleman this may be added That it is usual for any person to usurp the Arms of another Further if a Nobleman's Coat-Armour and Sword of other Gentleman 's bearing Arms at the solemnizing of their Funerals is set up in the Church for the Honour of the deceased and is by the covetousness of the Incumbent that pretendeth right thereunto as Offerings due unto him afterwards taken down or if they be defaced by any other such are to be severely punished as Malefactors And in that case the Action shall not be given to the Widow though she be Executrix or Administratrix of her Husband's Goods for such things which serve for the Honour of the party deceased are not to be accounted inter bona Testatoris And the Heir shall have his Action as the Defender of his Ancestor's Honour But the wrong is offered to the House and Blood and therein specially to the Heir qui est totius geniturae splendor and therefore to him accrueth the right of Action for so it is reported by Sir Iohn Fern in his Glory of Generosity fol. 83. that the Lady Withers Case in 9 Edw. 4. 14. hath been adjudged OF VISCOUNTS CHAP. VII THE next Degree of Honour to an Earl is a Viscount which was anciently a Name of Office under an Earl who being an immediate Officer of the King 's in their County for that their personal attendance was oft-times required at the Court had his Deputy to look after the Affairs of the County which at this day is an Office and called a Sheriff retaining the Name of his Substitution in Latin therefore called Vicecomes But about the Eighteenth of Henry the Sixth it became a Degree of Honour who conferred this Title upon Iohn Lord Beaumont by Letters Patent A Viscount is created by Patent as an Earl hath a Hood Surcoat and Mantle which hath on it two Guards and a half of white plain Furr without Ermins And his Coronet is only pearled with a row of Pearls close to the Chaplet He hath the Title of the Right Honourable and truly Noble or Potent Lord He may have a Taveress in his own House and his Viscountess may have her Train born up by a Woman out of her Superior's presence and in their presence by a Man The Effigies of the Right honble Thomas Belasise viscount Falconbergh of Henknowle Baron Falconbergh of Yarum Ld. Leiuetenant of the North rideing of York shire And one of ye. Lords of his maties most honble Priuy Councell ct R. Whiâ—â— sculp The Rt. Honourable George Sauile Viscount Halifax Baron Sauile The Rt. Honourable Robert Paston Viscounâ— Yarmouth Baron Paston of Paston The Rt. Honourable Francis Viscount Nervport â—f Bradford Baron Nervport of High Ercâ—ll Ld. Leutenant of ye. County of Salop. Treasurer of his matys Household one of ye. Lds of his matys most honble Privy Councell The Rt. Honâ—rblâ— Thomaâ— Needham Lâ—rd Viscount Killmurrâ—y of the Kingdome of Ireland The Rt. Honorable Wiâ—liam Viscount Brouncker of Lyonâ— and Baron Brouncker of Nâ—â— Castle in the Kingdome of Ireland a. The R t Honâ—rable Charles Ld. Fairfax Viscount Emula in the Kingdome of Ireland The Rt. Honorable Maurice Berkeleyâ— Baron Beckeley of Rathdowne Viscount Fitz Harding of â—ear hauen in the Kingdome of Ireland The Right Honourable Leicester Devoreux Viscount Hereford and Baron Ferrers of Chartley. The Right Honourable Francis Browne Viscount Montague The Right Honourable William Finnâ—â— Viscount and Baron Say and Seale The Right honble Edward Viscount Conway Barâ—n of Ragley in England and Viscount of Kilultagh in Ireland Leivetenant Generall of the Horse and one of the Lords of his Majestys moâ—t honble privy for the said Kinâ—dome of Ireland The Rt. Honourable Baptist Noel Viscounâ— Baron Noel of Ridlington and Elmington And Lord Leiutenant of Rutlandshire The Right Honourable William Howard Viscount and Baron Stafford The Rt. Honourable Thomas Bellasisâ—â— Viscount Folconbergh of Henknowle 〈◊〉 Falconbergh of Yarum Lord Leivtenant of North rideing of Yorkeshire one of the Ldâ— of his 〈◊〉 Most honble Priuy Councell â—he Rt. Honourable Iohn Mordant 〈…〉 Mordant of Aveland and Baron of Rygate The most Reverend Father in god Gilbert Sheldon by Divine Providence Lord Arch-Bishop of Canterbury Primate Metropolitan of all England one of yâ— Lords of his matys most honble privy Councell The most Reverend Father in God Richard Sterne by Divine Prouidence Lord Arch-Bishop of Yorke Primate and Metropolitane of England c a. The Right Reverend Father in god Humfrey Hinchman by Divine permission Lord Bishop of London Grand Almoner to his Maty one of the Lords of his matys most honble privy Councell c a. The Right Reverend Father in God Seth by Diuine permission Lord Bisshop of sarum Chancellor
Honourable and Peers of the Realm as they are Barons without any other distinction The Etymology of the Name of Baron MAny Writers have laboured to place the Etymology and signification of this word wherein following too much their own Fantasies they have bred much variation of Opinion As for Etymology of words I agree with him that saith it is Levis fallax Effigies Illustrissimi DniÌ„ Caecilij Calvert Baronis BALTEMORE de Baltemore in Regno Hibernice Absoluti DniÌ„ et Proprietarij Provinciarum Terrae-Mariae et Avaloniae in America etc a. Abra Blotling sculp The Right Honourable George Lord Nevill Baron of Abergâ—venny in Monmouthshire â—â— The Right Honourable Iames Lord Touâ—hett Baron Audley of Hâ—leigh in England and Earle of Castle haâ—en in Ireland c a. The Right Honourable Charles Lord Weâ—â— Baron De la Ware in Hantshire The Right Honourable George Lord Berkley of Berkley c a. descended from Harding a yonger sone of one of the Danish Kings Who came in with William ye. Conquerour c a The Right Honourable Thomas Lord Parker Baron Morley and Monteaglâ— in Lancashire The Right honourable Conyers Lord D'Arcy Baron D'Arcy and Menil in Yorkshire The Right Honourable Benjamin Lord Mildmay Baron Fitzwater The Right Honourable William Lord Sturton Baron Sturton of Sturton in Wiltshire The Right Honourable Henry Lord Sandis Baron Sandis of the Vine in Hantshire The Right Honourable Thomasâ— Lord Windsor Lord Leivetenant of Worcestersh and one of the Lords of his Ma â—â—s most honble Privy Councel for the Kingdome of Ireland The Right Honourable Thomas Lord Cromwell Baron of Oakham in Rutlandsh and Earle of Arglast Viscount Lecaile in the Kingdome of Ireland The Right honble Ralph Lord Eure Baron of Wilton in the County of Northumberland ct The Right Honourable Phillip Lâ—â—â— Wharton Baron of Wharton in The County of Westmoreland The Right Honourable Iohn Lord 〈◊〉 Baron Willoughby of Parhâ—m in Lincolnshire The Right Honourable William Lorâ— Pagâ—â—◠〈◊〉 of Beaudefert in the County of Stafford The Right Honourable Charles Loâ—◠〈◊〉 of Cartlidge in ye. County of Canâ—â—râ—â—â— and Baron Grey of Roleston The Right Honourable William Lord Bruges Baron Chandois of Sudley Castle in Glocester shire The Right Honourable Iames Lord Bertue Baron Norris of Rycott in Oxford shire brother to the Right Honourable Robert Earle of Lindsey ct The Right Honourable William Petre Baron of Writtle in Essex The Right Honourable Digby Gerard Baron of Gerardsâ— Bromley in Staffordshire The Right honble Charles Lord Stanhope Baron of Harrington in the County of Northampton c a. The Right honble Henry Lord Arundell Baron of Wardure in Wiltshire and Count of the Empire The Right Honourable Christopher Lord Roper Baron Tenham of Tenham in Kent The Right Honourable Robert Grevill Baron Brook of Beauchamps Court in Warwickshire Ld. Leivtenant of Staffordshire The Right Honourable Edward Lord Montague of Boughton decended from Simon Montague of Houghton who was brother to Iohn Earle of Salisbury The Rt. honble Ralph Lord Grey Baron of Warke c â— of whose family was Sr. Iohn Grey who for his good service in France was by King Henry the 5th created Earle of Tangverville in the said Kingdome The Right Honourable Iohn Lord Roberts Baron of Truro in Cornwall and one of the Lords of his maties most Honourable Privy Councell c a. The Right Honourable Iohn Lovelace Baron of Hurley in Barkshire The Right Honourable Iohn Lord Poulet Baron of Hinton St. George in Somerset shire The Right Honourable William Maynard Baron of Estaines in Essex and Baron Maynard of Wicklow in Ireland Comptroler of his Mtys household and one of the Lords of his most Honourable privy Councell The Right Honourable George Coventry Baron of Alesborough in Worcestershire The Right Honourable Thomas Howard Baron of Escricke in Yorkshire The Right honble Charles Lord Mohun Baron Mohun of Okehampton in Devonshire the Right honble Edward Lord Herbert Baron of Cherbury in Montgomeryshire and of Castle Island in Ireland and one of the Lords of his matyâ— most honble privy Councell for the Kingdom of Irelandâ— The Right honble Thomas Lord Leigh Baron Leigh of Stoneley in Warwick-shire The Right honble Richard Lord Biron Baron of Rachdale in Lancashire The Right honble Christopher Lord Hatton Baron of Kirby in Northamptonsh Governor of the Isle of Gemsey ct The Right honble Richard Lord Vaughan Baron of Emlyn in England and Earle oâ— Carbery in Ireland and one of the Lds of his Majestys most honble Privy Councell The Right honble Francis Lord Carrington Baron of Wotton in Warwicksh Viscount Bâ—rreford in the Kingdome of Ireland The Right honble William Lord Widdrington of Widdrington Castle in Northumberland and Baron of Blackney in ye. County of Lincolne The Right Honourable Edward Lord Ward Baron of Bermingham in the County of Warwick The Right honble Thomas Lord Culpeper Baron of Thornsway in Kent The Right honble Iacob Lord Astley Baron of Reding in Berkshire The Right Honourable Charles Lord Lucas Baron of Shenfeild in the County of Essex the Right honble John Lord Belasis Baron of Worlabye in Lincolnshire the Right honble Edward Watson Baron Rockingham of Rockingham in Northamtonshire son of Lewis Lord Rockingham by the Lady Elianor sister to Iohn Earle of Rutland now living An. 1625 The Right Honourable Charles Lord Gerard Baron of Brandon in Suffolk Gentleman of his matys Bedchamber The Right honble Robert Sutton Baron Lexington of Axam in Nottingham shire The Right Honourable Charles Henry Lord Kirkhoven Baron Wotton of Wotton in Kent The Right Honourable Marmaduke Lord Langdale Baron of Holme Langdale in Westmorland The Right honble William Lord Crofts Baron of Saxham in Suffolk Oâ—e of the Gentlemen of his matys Bedchamber The Right honble Iohnâ— Lord Berhley Baron of Stratton in Somersetshire One oâ— the Lords of his Majestys most honble Privy Councell The Right honble Denzell Lord Holles Baron of Ifield in Sussex Lord high Steward of the Honors Manor s and Revenews of the Queens Custos Rotolorum of Dorset shire The Right Honourable Charles Lord Cornwallis Baron of Eye in Suffolke c a. The Rt. honble George Lord Booth Baron De la Mer of Dunham Massey in Cheshire c a. The Right Honourable Horatio Lord Townesend Baron of Linn Regis in the County of Norfolke Lord Leivetenant of the said County c a. The Right Honourable Iohn Lord Crew Baron of Stean in Northampton shire The Right Honourable Iohn Lord Frescheville Baron of Staveley in Derby shire The Right Honourable Richard Lord Arundell Baron of Trerife in Cornwall The Right honble Thomas Butler Earle of Ossâ—ry in Ireland Baron Butler of More Park in Hereford shire Eldest Son to his Grace Iames Duke of Ormond Kt of the Garter one of the Gentlemen of his matys Bedchamber and Lords of his most Honourable privy Councell c a. The Right Honorbl Hugh Lord Clifford Baron of Chudleigh
Baron which always stands afterwards for the head place of the Barony whereof the said Baron and his Heirs shall be surnamed and called and shall continue that name of place although he do alien away the same as aforesaid Some others are named with the Title of Lord as Sir Hugh Bramsteed by Writ of the 27 th of Henry the Sixth was styled Lord Veysey Iohan. Beauchamp Domino de Beauchamp Iohanni Domino de Clynton To some others the Writ is directed only by their Name without any addition of place or dignity as William de Lovell Mil. William Devereux Mil. c. But the Nature Quality and Addition of those Barons by Writ is aptly discovered by the debate of a Question moved often amongst men and spoken of concerning the continuance and descent of a Barony by Writ which Question for the more orderly disposition thereof I shall divide into these Heads or Points Question First Whether a Barony by Writ may descend from the Ancestor to the Heir or not Secondly Admit such a Barony may descend then Whether it doth descend to the Heirs although not so near as the Heir Female Thirdly Admit it doth descend to the Heirs Female then Whether may the Husband of such an Heir Female take upon him the Name Style and Dignity of such a Barony in right of his Wife or no Those therefore that maintain the Negative that such a Barony shall not descend do strengthen themselves with these or the like Arguments viz. The first Argument Whether a Barony by Writ may descend Nobility and Honour which are given in respect of Wisdom Connsel and Advise cannot extend to any other person or descend from one man to another for it is a Rule in Law That Privilegium personae personam sequitur extinguitur cum persona But such is the Dignity of a Baron therefore it is reason that it should not descend from the Ancestor to the Heir The second Argument Again If the calling of the Parliament by Writ be the sufficient instrumental cause of such Nobility to the Ancestor the not calling of the Heir is a loss of that Nobility For if the Heir have defects of Nature in him as Idiotsie Frensie Leprosie or the like whereby he is become unfit for Counsels and Conversations for what reason should he enjoy that Dignity whereof he is either unworthy or uncapable for the effect hath no place where the cause faileth and hereof they conclude that such Dignities of Baronies by Writ should not descend If on the contrary part the Affirmation is thus proved Honour which is given in respect of Wisdom and Vertue of him on whom it was first bestowed is not only a due recompence for himself whilst he lived but also a memorable Reward thereof to Posterity The words of Cicero to this effect are most excellent Homines bonos semper nobilitate favimus quia utile republicae est nobiles esse homines dignos majoribus suis quia valere debet apud nos claros hujusmodi senes fuisse è republica moveretur memoria mortucrum Honor. Therefore this kind of Honour is Patrimonial and Hereditary for things which are once granted unto a man by the King for his Honour are not again to be returned to his loss and disgrace or to his Heirs The second Argument Secondly If the Infamy of the Father be a blot to the Posterity as the Wiseman Solomon affirmeth The Children complain for an ungodly Father they are reproved for his sake and for that also the Law of the Realm doth corrupt the blood of the Posterity by and upon the Offence of the Ancestor Reason would also be that the Honour of the Ancestor should be likewise Honour to the Posterity for contraries do also carry their contrary Reason For the determination whereof 't is to be noted that diversity of Reason hath bred diversity of Opinion Some there are that do speak That the Dignity of a Baron by Writ is not discendable from the Ancestor unto the Heir unless the Heir be likewise called by Writ to Parliament and that then it becometh an Inheritance and not before But this Assertion is repugnant to the nature of Descent which for the most part doth carry a Patrimony descendable by act of Law presently upon the death of the Ancestor unto the Heir not at all Wherefore the Custom of the Country and the manifest Presidents do prove that this kind of Baronies doth descend from the Ancestor to the Heir and there needeth not any word of Heir in the Writ of Summons only one President there is in a special Writ sometime directed to Sir Henry Bromfleet in the 27 th of Henry the Sixth wherein he was styled Lord Veysey and wherein there are these words inserted Volumus tamen vos haeredes vestros de corpore vestro ligitime enatos Barones de Veysey existentes Wherefore it is very true that when the Heir of any such Baron by Writ is called to the Parliament that his Descent of Honour is thereby established and approved of by the gracious Judgment of our Sacred Sovereign So it is also true that if it shall stand with his Majesties pleasure that such an Heir shall not be summoned at all then that Nobility is much impaired and in a manner extinguished in the censure of all men for that it hath no other original but by a Writ of Summons from the which by the Judgment of the Supream Sovereign he is excluded As to the second principal point Whether the Barony by Writ may descend to the Heir Female it shall not be amiss likewise to shew the Reasons on either part that by conflict of Argument the truth may the better be discovered Those that maintain the Affirmative part do say That in reason the Sex of the Heir Female ought no more to barr her Dignity than the Nonage of the Heir Male ought to barr him though during his Nonage he be unable to do the Service But as the Service of the one is for time forborn so the Sex of the other may at all times be supplied by the maturity of her Husbands Offices of Honour which do much import the Commonweal being passed by Inheritance do descend to the Heir Female as the Office of the High Constableship of England which descended unto the Daughter of Hum. de Bohun Earl of Hereford and Essex Also the Office of the Lord Steward descended to Blanch Daughter of Henry Earl of Lancaster The like may be said of the Office of Earl-Marshal which descended by an Heir Female to the House of Norfolk All which Offices are as unsit to be exercised by a woman as for a Woman to be summoned by Writ to the Parliâ—ment as a Baroness c. Many Noble Houses also in England do support and lawfully bear the Dignity of a Baronage unto them descended by a Woman The first Argument contra They which stand of the Negative part in this Controversie do encounter their
Nobleman and his Progenitors have for a long time been called to Parliament and be a Baron either by Tenure or Writ and have had in regard thereof a place certain in Parliament if afterwards the said Nobleman should be created a Baron of that Barony and by the same name by Letters Patents whether shall he and his Heirs retain his old place in Parliament which he had according to his former Dignity or whether shall he lose his old place and take a new one according to the time of his Creation Answer The Case of the Lord Delaware lately erected a Resolution somewhat answerable to this Question Thomas Delaware in the third of Edward the Sixth being in some displeasure with William West his Heir and Nephew who was Father to Thomas late Lord Delaware and Grandfather to Henry Lord Delaware that Nevis procured by Act of Parliament by which the said William West was during his natural life only clearly disabled to claim demand or have any manner of Right Title or Interest by Descent Remainder or otherwise in or to the Mannors Lands Tenements or Hereditaments Title and Dignity of Thomas Lord Delaware his Uncle c. After the said Thomas Delaware died and the said William West was in the time of Queen Mary attainted of Treason by Verdict but pardoned by the said Queen and afterwards by Parliament in the time of Queen Elixabeth was restored and in the fourth year of her Reign was created Lord Delaware by Patent and took place in Parliament accordingly for that by the said Act of Parliament of Edward the Sixth he was excluded to challenge the former ancient Barony and after he died Now whether Thomas Delaware should take his place according to the ancient Barony by Writ or according to his Father's Creation by Patent was the Question The Opinions of the late Queens Council being his Majestie 's Attorney General and Solicitor were That the acceptance of the new Creation by the said William West could not extinguish the ancient Dignity for that he had not the ancient Dignity in him at that time of his Creation but the Dignity was by the Act of Parliament 3 Edw. 6. in the ballance of suspence or consideration of Law and he thereby utterly disabled to have the same during his life only so as other acceptance could not extinguish that Dignity which he then had not nor could not conclude his Heir who was not disabled by the Parliament 3 Edw. 6. to claim the ancient Barony which Opinion of theirs was seen and allowed by the then Chief Justice of England and Lord Chief Baron and so signified to the Lord Keeper But this to be noted by the Reasons made for the said Resolution though if the said Sir William West had been Baron and entituled and in possession of the ancient Dignity when he accepted the ancient Creation the Law perchance might have been otherwise but that remains as yet unresolved Nevertheless the Rule is Eodem modo quo quid constituitur dissolvitur But by a Grant which is but a matter of Fact a man cannot transfer his Title of Honour And thus much concerning the Degrees of Barons within this Realm upon this occasion for the better understanding and direction of that which followeth to be handled And in this place I think it not impertinent to mention one Case which I met with in our Books of Common Law concerning the Descent of a Title of Honour whereof the Ancestor had Estate in Feesimple there is a Maxim in the Law Possessio fratris in feodo facit sororemesse haeredem But if a man by any of the three means aforesaid be created into a Title of Dignity to him and his Heirs for ever and so have Issue by one wife a Son and a Daughter and hath also a Son by a second wife afterwards the Father dieth and his eldest Son entreth into all his Father's Inheritances and also enjoyeth the Titles and Dignities which his Father had but dieth without Issue In this Case the Dignity shall descend upon the younger Son though he be but of the half blood to him that last enjoyed that Name and Title of descent and shall not descend to his Sister of the whole blood And yet in this case he shall only be her Brother's Heir of all his Feesimple Lands and the reason thereof is because possessio fratris is the name and sole cause which may give Title to her his Sister which faileth in this case of Dignity for it cannot be said that her elder brother was in possession of his Title of Honour no more than of his blood so as neither by his own act nor any act to be done by any other did gain more actual possession if so it may be termed then by the Law did descend to him and therefore the younger brother may well by the Law make himself Heir unto his Father of the Honour that he cannot be heir unto his brother So that this word Possession which is no other than pedis positio extendeth only unto such things of which a man may by hâ—s entry or other act be possessed and doth require actual possession Coke's third part 92. Having thus much treated concerning the Creations and other things incident to the degrees of Nobility I cannot omit some things concerning the sufficiency and ability of Estate which the Law doth require to be in every of them according to their several Dignities The Common Law which always will decorum and conveniency be observed considering the Charges and Dignities appertaining to these Degrees and Dignities being Offices of principal Service to the King and Realm both in War and Peace hath ordered that each of them ought to have a convenient Portion and Inheritance in Land to support the said Dignity which Supplies are as Sinews conjoyned in the same For in Vertue and Riches as Aristotle confesseth all the old Nobility consisted and which two Properties maketh a good Complement for utilior est sapientia cum divitiis conjuncta Therefore a Knight's Fee which he ought to have is Twenty pounds Land by the year a Baron's thirteen Knights Fees and a quarter and an Earl's twenty Knights Fees For always the fourth part of each Revenues which is by the Law held requisite for the Dignity shall be paid to the King for the Relief As for Example the Relief of a Knight is five pounds which is the one fourth of his Revenue according to the Statute of the first of Edward the Second The Relief of a Baron is One hundred Marks which is also the fourth part of his Revenue And the Relief of an Earl is One hundred pounds alâ—o the fourth part of his Revenue And it appears by the Records of the Exchequer that the Relief of a Duke amounteth unto Three hundred pounds And this is the reason in our Books that every of the Nobility is presumed in the Law to have sufficient Freehold ad sustinendum nomen onus And to what value
Honour deported themselves after the manner of Military Knights of those days To look further back ancient Histories do take notice of the Amazons of old whose Fame in Arms is sufficiently known Although Noble women may not sit in Parliament in respect of their Sex yet they are in Law Peers of the Realm and all or most of the prerogatives before mentioned which to the Noblemen are belonging do appertain unto them But the Opinion of some men have been That a Countess Baronness and other women of great Estate cannot maintain an Action upon the Statute de Scandalis magnatum because the Statute 2 Rich. 2. speaketh but of Prelates Dukes Earls Barons and of the Chancellor Treasurer Privy Seal Steward of the King's Houshold and other Nobles great Officers of the Realm by which words they conceive that the meanings of the Makers of that Statute was only to provide in that case for Noblemen and not for Noble women Also if any of the King's Servants within the Check-Roll do conspire the death of any Noble woman it is not Felony within the compass of the Statute 3 Hen. 7. 18. Honourable women as before noted are of three sorts by Creation by Descent and by Marriage And the King may create any woman into any Title of Honour at his pleasure and the King by his Letters Patents openly read in Parliament without any other Investure did create Mary Fane Widow the sole Daughter of Baron of Aburgaveny Baronness de le Spencer Noble women by Descent are either those to whom the Lands holden by such Dignity do descend as Heir and they are said to be Honourable by Tenure or by whose worthy Ancestors to whom they were Heirs was seized of an Estate descendable to them in their Titles of Dukedoms Earldoms or Baronies or those whose Ancestors were summoned to Parliament for hereby also Inheritance doth accrew to their Posterities Noble women are also those who do take to their Husbands any Lord or Peer of the Realm although they themselves were not of any degree of Nobility Question and doubt hath been made Whether if a man be summoned to Parliament and afterwards die without Issue Male the Dignity and Title of Honour may descend to the Heir Female And many Arguments have been pro contra in that case which at this time I purposely omit because I have before discoursed thereof in the Chapter of Barons Concerning the Title of Honour descendable to the Heir Female by reason of a Tenure of her Ancestors there needs no more doubt to be made than of Offices of Honour the which do much support the publick wealth and being of Estate of Inheritance do descend to the Heir Female if there be no nearer Heir Male As the Office of High Constableship of England challenged in the time of Henry the Eighth by the Duke of Buckingham and adjudged by the Advise and Resolution of the Judges as by a note of that Case extant whereof Dyer in his Reports hath a memorial 205. b. Kelway the Sixth of Henry the Eighth 170. b. which descended to the Daughter of Humphrey de Bohune Earl of Hereford and Essex as before is declared The Office of the Lord Steward descended to Blaunch Daughter of Henry Earl of Lancaster in whose right Iohn of Gaunt her Husband enjoyed the same The like may be said of the Office of Earl-Marshal which descended by an Heir Female unto the House of Norfolk All which Offices are as unfit to be exercised by a Woman as for a Woman of Honour to be summoned to the Parliament And when a Title of Honour doth descend to a Woman if question in Law do arise between the said Noble woman and any other person whether she be of that Degree of Nobleness or no the Issue shall be tried by the Record thereof and by the King 's Writ it shall be certified and not by a Jury of twelve Men even as it should have been in case her Ancestor had been party Although the Laws of the Realm regularly do make all the Daughters where there are no Sons equally to inherit Lands and Tenements and to be but one Heir to their Ancestor yet it is not so in the descent of Dignity and Titles of Honour for Inheritances concerning matter of Honour being things in their nature participating of Superiority and Eminency are not partable amongst many and therefore must of necessity descend unto one and that is to the eldest Daughter Sister Aunt or Cosin Female and inheritable where there is no Heirs Males that may lawfully challenge the same And so in this point is the Civil Law Nevertheless there was a Judgment in the time of Henry the Third touching the descent of the Earldom of Chester after the death of the Earl who died without Issue his Sisters being his Heirs which Judgment was That the said Earldom should be divided amongst the said Copartners as the other Lands and that the eldest should not have it alone But this Judgment was holden Erroneous even in those times wherein it was given For Bracton a Learned Judge who lived in that Age writeth thereof treating of partition between Copartners lib. 2. Case 24. by which it is evident That Baronies and Dignities of Honour do by the Laws of this Realm descend unto the eldest Copartner and the Judgment given once to the contrary thereof Bracton doth rightly account to be unjust His Reason is notable Forasmuch as the Honour of the Chivalry of this Realm doth chiefly consist in the Nobility Reason would not that such Dignity should be divided amongst Copartners whereby through multitude of partitions the reputation of Honour in such Succession and so divided might be impaired or the strenght of the Realm being drawn into many hands with decrease of livelyhood by such partition should be infeebled In which Resolution Britton the Learned Bishop of Hereford who compiled his Book of the Laws of this Realm by the Commandment and in the Name of Edward the First accordeth Britton 187. And therefore howsoever the Judgment was given or whensoever it is nevertheless very evident that it was soon redressed For if it were given upon the death of Ralph the last of that Name Earl of Chester who died about the Seventh of Henry the Third without Issue the Writers of that time do testifie that the Earldom of Chester came wholly unto Iohn Scott the Son of David Earl of Huntington and Auguish and Maud the eldest Sisters of the said Ralph if it were given upon the death of the said Iohn Scott who died about the Four and twentieth of Henry the Third without Issue yet notwithstanding the said Judgment stood in force for that the said King assumed the Earldom into his own Hands upon other satisfaction made to the said Sisters Copartners of the said Iohn Scottâ— Ne tanta haereditas inter colos deduceretur Matth. Paris Monaster Sancti Allane in Crompton fol. 366. b. Nevertheless you may read in this Treatise of
and Country in process of time obtained the name of Barons and were admitted into the Peerage and had their Titles affixed to them and their Heirs And this was the usuage and custome of the Saxon Kings to consult their Affairs without the election of the Commons as both Ethelred and Edwin did But whether this be a truth or only opinion I leave to others to dispute Certain it is they always retained some Ensigns of Honour equal to the Nobility being allowed to bear their Arms with Supporters which is denied to all others under the Degree of a Baron Also they take place before all Viscounts and Barons younger Sons as also before all Baronets and were of such esteem that divers Knights Batchelors and Esquires have served under them This Order in France was Hereditary but with us only for life to the meritorious person yet esteemed a Glory and Honour to their Family The Ceremony of their Creation is most Noble The King or his General which is very rare at the head of his Army drawn up into Battalia after a Victory under the Royal Standard displayed attended with all the Field Officers and Nobles af the Court receives the Knight led between two renowned Knights or valiant Men at Arms having his Pennon or Guydon of Arms in his Hand and before them the Heralds who proclaim his valiant Atchievements for which he deserves to be made a Knight Banneret and to display his Banner in the Field then the King or General says unto him Advances toy Banneret and causeth the point of his Pennon to be rent of and the new Knight having the Trumpets before him sounding the Nobles and Officers accompanying him is remitted to his Tent where they are nobly entertained To this degree of Knighthood doth belong peculiar Robes and other Ornaments at their Creation A Banneret thus made may bear his Banner displayed in an Army Royal and set his Arms thereon with Supporters as may the Nobles Of this Order there is at present none extant and the last I read of was Sir Iohn Smith made so after Edghill fight for rescuing the King's Standard from the Rebels in that Battel who was afterwards flain in his said Majesties Service at Alresford in Hantshire To this degree of Honour Sir William de la More Ancestor to the present Edward More of More-hall and Bank-hall in Lancashire Esq was advanced by Edward the black Prince for his eminent Service done at the Battel of Poictiers in France The Portrature and Coate Armour of Sr. William de la More Ancestor of ye. present Sr. Edw. More of Moreâ—hall and Bankeâ—hall in Lancashire Baronet wch sd. Sr. Will was made Kt. Banneret by Edw ye. Black Prince at ye. Battle of Poictiers in France The Rt. Honouraâ—le Sr. George Caâ—teret of Nawnes in Bedford shire Kt. Baronet Vice Chamberlaine of his Majestys Household and one of his Majestys most Honourable privy Councell c a. the 45â— Bart. by Creation The honble Sr Hâ—rbotle Grimston of Gore ham bury in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Baronet Speaker of the honble house of Comon 〈◊〉 â—irst Parliament vnder his Majesty King Châ—â—â—eâ—â—he 2d and at present Master of the Rollâ— the 87 Bart. by Creation Sr. Edmund Bacon of Redgrave in Suffolk Primier Bart. of England the first Bart. by Creation Sr Francis Radcliffe of Dilston in Northumberland Bar t of which Familyâ— there haue been six Earleâ— of Sâ—â—râ—x fiue of them were Ktâ— of the Garter besides S â— Iohn Radclyffe Kt. of ye. Garter tâ—mÌ„ps K. Hon 6th â—◠〈◊〉 Rodclyffe alâ—oe Kt. of ye. Garter temÌ„ps K. Rich. 3d. q. 18 Bart. by Creation Sr. Richard Atkins of Much Haddam in the County of Hertford Knight and Baronet The 4 Sâ— Bart. by creation Sr. Francis Gerard of Harrow Hill in Middlesex and of Aston Clinton in the County of Buckingham Knight and Baronet The 126. Bar â— by creation Sr. Tho. Mauleverer of Allerton-Mauleverer in the West rideing of York shire Barnt now maried to Katherine sole daughter heyre of Sr. Miles Stapleton of Wihill in ye. Sd. rideing of Yorkshire Kt. deceased The Barnt by creation Sr. Iohn Wittewronge of Rothamsted in the parish of Harpenden in the County of Hertford K â— and Bart. descended from the Wittewronges in Flanders whose Grandfather Iaques Wittewronge of Gaunt in the sd. province did thence transplant himselfe and family into this Kingdome Anno. 1564. The Bart. by creation Sr. Tho Pâ—yton of Knowlton in the County of Kent Bart. descenâ—d from the Peyton's of Peyton Hallâ— Suffolk who had by his first wife Margaret daughter and heyre of Sr. John Bernard of Jâ—esham in Cambridg shire much land and many children from whom are descended the Peyton's of Suffolk Cambride shire Kent and the Isle of Eley his second wife was Margaret daughter and Coheyre of Sr. Hugh Francie s by whome he had also much land and many Children and from whome are descended the Peyton's of Sr. Edmondsbury Warwick shire Worcester shire and Glocester sh. the 61. Bar. by creation Sr. Anthony Craven of Sparsholt in Berkshire Knight and Baronet of the name and family of the Right Honourable William Earle of Craven ct The 648. Bart. by creation Sr. Henry Puckering alias Newton of the priory near the Borough of Warwick in Warwickshire Bart. now maried to Elizabeth daughter of Tho. Murrey Esq. â— secretary to King Charles the first whâ—â—â—rince of Walâ—â— The â—24 Bart. by creatâ—â—n Sr. Phillip Matheiâ—s of Edmonton in Middx. Bart. Now Maried to Ann eldest doughter of Sr. Tho Wolstonholme of Minsingden in ye. Sd. Parish of Edmonton Bart. the 6â—4 Bart. by Creation Sr. Thomas Tempest of Stelle in the Bishoprick of Durham Bart. the â—99 Bar t by Creation Sr. John Molinevx of Teversaâ—â— in ye. County of Nottingham Bart. the 3â— Bart. by Creation â—r. William Walter of Sarsden in Oxfordshire Bart. â—â—â—ended from ye. antienâ—family of ye. Walters of Warwiâ—â—â—â—â—re whose late wife was ye. Lady Mary Tuston dau◠〈◊〉 ye. Rtâ— honble Nicholas Earle of Thanet deceaâ—eâ— ye. 352 Bart. by Creation Sâ— Iohn Osborn of Chickâ—ands in ye. County of Bedford Baronet the 468 Bart. by Creation Sr. Robert Vyner of ye. Citty of London K â— Baro â— And Lord Major thereof Anno. Domini 1675 ye. 658 Bart. by Creation Sr. Thomas Wolstenholme of Minsingden in ye. Parisâ— of Edmunton in the County of Middlesex Baronet the 747 Bart. by Creation Sr. Peter Gleane of Hardwick in ye. County of Norfolk Baronet ye. 770. Bart. by Creation Sr. Robert Iason of Broadsomerford in Wiltshire Baronet now maried to Ann daughter of George Dacres of Cheston in the County of Hertford Esq. yâ— 672 Bart. by Creation Sr. Thomas Wilbraham of Woodhey in ye. County of Chester Baronett now maried to Elizâ— sole Daugâ—ter heyr of Edward Mitton of Weston vndâ—â— LozzardinÌ„ ye. County of Stafford â— Esq ye. â—4â—8 Bart. by Creation Sr. Thomas Myddelton of Chirk â— Castle in Denbighshir Bart. first Maried to Elizabeth daughter of Sr.
345 Henry Heyman of Somerfield in Kent Esq. 346 Thomas Sandford of Howgill-Castle in Westmoreland Esq. 347 14. Sir Francis Rhodes of Barlbrough in Derbyshire Kt. 348 Richard Sprignell of Coppenthorpe in Yorkshire Esq. 349 Sir Iohn Potts of Mannington in Norfolk Kt. 350 Aug. 14. 1641. Sir Iohn Goodrick of Ribstan in Yorkshire Kt. 351 16. Robert Bindlosse of Borwick in Lancashire Esq. 352 William Walter of Saresden in Oxfordshire Esq. 353 Thomas Lawley of Spoonhill in Shropshire Esq. 354 Sept. 6. William Farmer of Eston-Neston in Northamptonshire Esq. 355 9. Iohn Davye of Creedy in Devonshire Esq. 356 23. Thomas Pettus of Rackheath in Norfolk Esq. 357 Dec. 11. William Andrews of Denton in Northamptonshire Esq. 358 Iohn Meaux of 〈…〉 in the Isle of Wight Esqâ— 359 14. Sir Richard Gurney Kt. Lord Mayor of the City of London 360 15. Thomas Willis of Fen-Ditton in Cambridgshire Esq. 361 Francis Armitage of Kirklees in Yorkshire Esq. 362 18. Richard Halford of Wistow in Leicestershire Esq. 363 24. Sir Humphrey Tufton of the Mote near Maidstone in Kent Kt. 364 30. Edward Coke of Langford in Derbâ—shire Esq. 365 Ian. 21. Isaac Astley of Melton-Constable in Norfolk Esq. 366 Sir David Cunningham of London a Baronet of Scotland 367 22. Sir Iohn Rayney of Wrotham in Kent a Baronet of Scotland 368 29. Revet Eldred of Saxham Magna in Suffolk Esq. 369 Iohn Gell of Hopton in Derbyshire Esq. 370 Sir Vincent Corbet of Morton-Corbet in Shropshire Kt. 371 Feb. 4. Sir Iohn Kay of Woodsome in Yorkshire Kt. 372 5. Thomas Trollop of Casewick in Lincolnshire Esq. 373 Mar. 3. Edward Thomas of Michells-Town in Glamorganshire Esq. 374 4. Sir William Cowper of Ratling-Court in Kent a Baronet of Scotland 375 5. Denner Strut of Little-Worley-Hall in Essex Esq. 376 8. William St. Quintin of Harpham in Yorkshire Esq. 377 14. Sir Robert Kempe of Gissing in Norfolk Esq. 378 16. Iohn Read of Brocket-hall in Hartfordshire Esq. 379 Apr. 9. 1642. Iames Enyan of Flowre in Northamptonshire Esq. 380 19. Sir Edmond Williams of Marnehull in Dorsetshire Kt. 381 22. Iohn Williams of Minster in the Isle of Thanet in Kent Esq. 382 29. George Wintour of Huddington in Worcestershire Esq. 383 May 4. Iohn Borlase of Bockmer in Bucks Esq. 384 6. Henry Knollys of Grove-place in Hantshire Esq. Extinct 385 11. Iohn Hamilton of the City of London Esq 386 12. Edward Morgan of Llanternam in Monmouthshire Esq. 387 13. Sir Nicholas Kemeys of Keven-Mabley in Glamorganshire Kt. 388 14. Trevor Williams of Llangibbye in Monmoutshire Esq 389 16. Iohn Reresby of Thribergh in Yorkshire Esq 390 17. William Ingilby of Ripley in Yorkshire Esq 391 18. Poynings Moore of Loseley in Surrey Esq 392 19. Christopher Dawney of Cowick in Yorkshire Esq 393 Iune 3. Thomas Hampson of Taplow in Bucks Esq 394 Thomas Williamson of East-Markham in Kent Esq 395 William Denney of Gillingham in Norfolk Esq 396 11. Christopher Lowther of Whitehaven in Cumberland Esq 397 13. Sir Thomas Alston of Odell in Bedfordshire Kt. 398 20. Edward Corbet of Leighton in Montgomeryshire Esq 399 21. George Middleton of Leighton in Lancashire Esq 400 28. Edward Payler of Thoralby in Yorkshire Esq. 401 Iuly 9. Sir William Widdrington of Widdrington in Northumberland Kt. 402 20. Matthew Valckenburgh of Middle-Ing in Yorkshire Esq. 403 Philip Constable of Everingham in Yorkshire Esq. 404 30. 1642. Ralph Blackston of Gibside in the Bishoprick of Durham Esq. 405 Aug. 8. Sir Edw. Widdrington of Cartington in Northumberland a Scotch Baronet 406 15. Robert Markham of Sedgbrook in Lincolnshire Esq. 407 Philip Hutgate of Saxton in Yorkshire Esq. 408 Stephen Lennard of West-wickham in Kent Esq. 409 24. Sir William Thorold of Marston in Lincolnshire Kt. 410 29. Walter Rudston of Hayton in Yorkshire Esq. 411 30. Walter Wrotesley of Wrotesley in Staffordshire Esq. 412 Thomas Bland of Kippax-Park in Yorkshire Esq. 413 Sept. 1. Robert Throckmortoâ— of Coughton in Warwickshire Esq. 414 10. William Halton of Samford in Essex Esq. 415 26. Brocket Spencer of Offley in Hertfordshire Esq. 416 27. Edward Golding of Colston-Basset in Nottinghamshire Esq. 417 William Smith of Crantock in Cornwall Esq. 418 Octob. 1. Henry Henn of Wingfield in Berkshire Esq. 419 5. Walter Blount of Sodington in Worcestershire Esq. 420 14. Adam Littleton of Stoke-Milburge in Shropshire Esq. 421 Nov. 2. Thomas Lidell of Ravensholme-Castle in the Bishoprick of Durham Esq. 422 9. Richard Lawday of Exeter in Devonshire Esq. Extinct 423 Feb. 4. Thomas Chamberlaine of Wickham in Oxfordshire Esq. 424 28. Henry Hunloke of Wingarworth in Derbyshire Esq. 425 Thomas Badd of Cames-Oysells in Hantshire Esq. 426 Mar. 20. Richard Crane of Wood-Rising in Norfolk Esq. Extinct 427 21. Samuel Danvers of Culworth in Northamptonshire Esq. 428 Iuly 3. 1643. Henry Anderson of Penley in Hartfordshire Esq. 429 17. William Vavasour of in Yorkshire Esq. Extinct 430 25. Sir Henry Iones of Abermarles in Caernarvanshire Kt. 431 Aug. 1. 1643. Sir Edward Walgrave of Hever-Castle in Kent Kt. 432 Octob. 28. Iohn Pate of Sysonby in Leicestershire Esq. 433 Nov. 9. Iohn Bale of Carleton-Curley in Leicestershire Esq. 434 13. Brian Oneal in the Kingdom of Ireland Esq. 435 16. Willoughby Hickman of Gaynesborough in Lincolnshire Esq. 436 Dec. 7. Iohn Butler of Bramfield in Hertfordshire Esq. 437 Ian. 17. Edward Acton of Aldenham in Shropshire Esq. 438 Mar. 14. Sir Fran. Hawley of Buckland in Somersetshire Kt. now Irish Baron 439 Apr. 1. 1644. Iohn Preston of the Mannour in Furness in Lancashire Esq. 440 2. Iohn Webb of Odstoke in Wiltshire Esq. 441 25. Thomas Prestwick of Holme in Lancashire Esq. 442 May 4. Henry Williams of Guernevet in Brecknockshire Esq. 443 20. Gervase Lucas of Fenton in Lincolnshire Eâ—q 444 Iune 14. Robert Thorold of Hawley in Lincolnshire Esq. 445 Iuly 23. Iohn Scudâ—more of Balingham in Herefordshire Esq. 446 Octob. 8. Sir Henry Bard of Stâ—nes in Middlesex Kt. 447 Feb. 12. Sir Richard Vivian of Trelowren in Cornwall Kt. 448 28. VVilliam Van-Colster of Amsterdam in Holland Esq 449 Mar. 21. VVilliam de Boreel of Amsterdam aforesaid Esq 450 May 4. 1645. Edward Greaves of St. Leonards-Forest in Sussex Esq 451 9. George Carteret of Metesches in the Isle of Iersey Esq 452 Nov. 25. Thomas Windebanke of Haynes in Wiltshire Esq 453 Feb. 7. Benjamin Wright of Dennington in Suffolk Esq whose Patent was Superseded 454 March 6. Edward Charleton of Hesleyside in Northumberland 455 Iuly 11. Richard Willis Esq Brother to Sir Thomas Willis of Fen-Ditton in Cambridgshire Baronets created by King Charles the Second 456. Sept. 1. 1649. Richard Brown of Deptford in Kent Esq created by Letters Patents dated at St. Germans â— in France 457 3. Henry de Vic of the Isle of Garnsey Esq created by Letters Patents at St. Germans aforesaid 458 Sept. 18. Richard Forster of Stokesley in Yorkshire Esq by Letters Patents dated at St. Germans 459 Sept. 2. 1650. Richard Fanshaw Esq afterwards Master
of Requests to his Majesty 460 April 2. 1652. William Curtius Esq 461 Oct. 19. 1657. Sir Arthur Slingsby of 〈…〉 in Kent 462 〈◊〉 1658. Thomas Orby of 〈…〉 in Lincolnshire Esq 463 Thomas Bond of 〈◊〉 in 〈◊〉 Esq 464 Aug. Arthur Marigny Carpentier Esq 465 1660. Sir Anthony de Merces Extinct 466 May 29. Sir Iohn Evelyn of 〈◊〉 in 〈◊〉 Kt. 467 30. Sir Gualter de Read 468 Feb. 11. Iohn Osborn of Chicksands in Bedfordshire Esq 469 Iune 7. Sir Orlando Bridgman of Great Leaver in Lancashire Kt. late Lord Keeper of the Great Seal of England 470 Sir Ieffrey Palmer of Carleton in Northamptonshire Kt. his Majesties Attorney General 471 Sir Heneage Finch of Raunston in Bucks Kt. now Lord Daventry and Lord Chancellor of the Great Seal of England 472 Sir Iohn Langham of Catsbrook in Northamptonshire Kt. 473 9. Humphrey Winch of Hanmes in Bedfordshire Esq 474 Sir Robert Abdy of Albins in Essex Kt. 475 Thomas Draper of Sunninghill-Park in Berkshire Esq 476 11. Henry Wright of Dagenham in Essex Esq 477 Iune 12. Ionathan Keate of the Hoo in Hartfordshire Esq 478 Sir Hugh Speake of Hasilbury in VViltshire Esq 479 13. Nicholas Gould of the City of London Esq 480 Sir Thomas Adams Kt. Alderman of London 481 Richard Atkins of Clapham in Surrey Esq 482 14. Thomas Allen of the City of London Esq 483 Henry North of Milden-hall in Suffolk Esq 484 15. Sir William Wiseman of Rivenham in Essex Kt. 485 18. Thomas Cullum of Hastede in Suffolk Esq 486 20. Thomas Darcy of St. Cleres-hall in St. Oliths in Essex Esq 487 George Grubham How of Cold-Barwick in Wiltshire Esq 488 21. Iohn Cutts of Childerley in Cambridgshire Esq Extinct 489 Solomon Swale of Swale-hall in Yorkshire Esq 490 VVilliam Humble of the City of London Esq 491 22. Henry Stapleton of Miton in Yorkshire Esq 492 Gervase Elwes of Stoke near Clare in Suffolk Esq 493 Robert Cordell of Melford in Suffolk Esq 494 Sir Iohn Robinson Kt. Lieutenant of the Tower of London 495 Sir Iohn Abdy of Moores in Essex Kt. 496 25. Sir Robert Hilliard of Patrington in Yorkshire Kt. 497 Iacob Astley of Hill-Morton in VVarwickshire Esq 498 Sir VVilliam Bowyer of Denham in Bucks Kt. 499 Thomas Stanley of Alderley in Cheshire Esq 500 26. Iohn Shuckborough of Shuckborough in Warwickshire Esq 501 27. VVilliam Wray of Ashby in Lincolnshire Esq 502 Nicholas Steward of Hartley Manduit in Hantshire Esq 503 Iune 27. 1660. George Warburton of Areley in Cheshire Esq 504 Sir Francis Holles of Winterburne St. Martin in Dorsetshire Kt. Son and Heir to Denzill Lord Holles 505 28. Oliver St. Iohn of Woodford in Northamptonshire Esq 506 29. Ralph De la Vall of Seyton De la Vall in Northumberland Esq 507 30. Andreas Henley of Henley in Somersetshire Esq 508 Thomas Ellis of Wyham in Lincolnshire Esq 509 Iuly 2. Iohn Covert of Slaugham in Sussex Esq 510 Peter Lear of London Gent. 511 Maurice Berkley of Bruton Esq 512 3. Henry Hudson of Melton-Mowbray in Leicestershire Esq 513 Thomas Herbert of Tinterne in Monmouthshire Esq 514 4. Thomas Middleton of Chirk in Denbighshire Esq 515 6. Verney Noell of Kirkby in Leicestershire Esq 516 7. George Buswell of Clipston in Northamptonshire Esq 517 10. Robert Auâ—ten of Bexley in Kent Esq 518 12. Robert Hales of Bekesburne in Kent Esq 519 13. Sir William Boothby of Bradley-Ash in Derbyshire Kt. 520 14. Wolstan Dixey of Market-Bosworth in Leicestershire Esq 521 16. Iohn Bright of Badsworth in Yorkshire Esq 522 Iohn Warner of Parham in Esq 523 17. Sir Iob Harby of Aldenham in Hartfordshire Kt. 524 18. Samuel Morland of Southamstede-Banester in Berkshire Esq 525 19. Sir Thomas Hewit of Pishobury in Hartfordshire Kt. 526 Edward Honywood of Evington in Kent Esq 527 Basil Dixwell of Bromehouse in Kent Esq 528 22. Richard Brown of London Ald. 529 23. Henry Vernon of Hodnet in Shropshire Esq 530 Sir Iohn Awbrey of Llantrilhed in Glamorganshere Kt. 531 William Thomas of Fowington in Essex Esq 532 25. Thomas Scâ—ater of Cambridge in Cambridgshire Esq 533 Henry Conway of Botritham in Flintshire Esq 534 26. Edward Green of Sonpford in Essex Esq 535 28. Iohn Stapeley of Patcham in Sussex Esq 536 30. Metcalf Robinson of Newby in Yorkshire Esq 537 31. Marmaduke Gresham of Limpsfield in Sussex Esq 538 Aug. 1. William Dudley of Clopton in Northamptonshire Esq 539 2. Hugh Smithson of Stanwick in Yorkshire Esq 540 3. Sir Roger Mostin of Mostiâ— in Flintshire Kt. 541 4. William Willoughby of Willoughby in Nottinghamshire Esq 542 6. Anthony Oldfield of Spalding in Lincolnshire Esq 543 10. Peter Leicester of Tabley in Cheshire Esq 544 11. Sir William Wheeler of the City of Westminster Kt. 545 16. Iohn Newton of Barscote in Glocestershire Esq 546 Thomas Lee of Hartwell in Bucks Esq 547 Thomas Smith of Hatherton in Cheshire Esq 548 17. Sir Ralph Ashton of Middleton in Lancashire Esq 549 Iohn Rous of Henham in Suffolk Esq 550 22. Henry Massingbeard of Bratostshall in Lincolnshire Esq 551 28. Iohn Hales of Coventry in Warwickshire Esq 552 30. Ralph Bovey of Hill-fields in Warwickshire Esq 553 Iohn Knightley of Offchurch in Warwickshire Esq 554 31. Sir Iohn Drake of Ash in Devonshire Kt. 555 Sept. 5. Oliver St. George of Carickermrick in the County of Trim in Ireland Esq 556 11. Sir Iohn Bowyer of Knipersley in Staffordshire Kt. 557 13. Sir William Wild Kt. Recorder of the City of London 558 19. Ioseph Ash of Twittenham in Middlesex Esq 559 22. Iohn How of Compton in Glocestershire Esq 560 26. Iohn Swimburne of Chap-Heton in Northumberland Esq 561 Oct. 12. Iohn Trott of Laverstoke in Hantshire Esq 562 13. Humphrey Miller of Oxenheath in Kent Esq 563 15. Sir Iohn Lewes of Ledston in Yorkshire Kt. 564 16. Iohn Beale of Mâ—idston in Kent Esq 565 Sir Richard Franklin of Moore-Park in Hartfordshire Kt. 566 Nov. 8. William Russel of Langhorne in Caermarthenshire Esq 567 9. Thomas Boothby of Friday-hill in the Parish of Chingford in Essex Esq 568 William Backhouse of London Esq Extinct 569 12. Sir Iohn Cutler of London Kt. 570 16. Giles Mottet of Leigh in Esq 571 21. Henry Gifford of Burstall in Leicestershire Esq 572 Sir Thomas Foot of London Kt. and Alderman 573 22. Thomas Manwaring of Overpever in Cheshire Esq 574 Thomas Benet of Baberham in Cambridgshire Esq 575 29. Iohn Wroth of Blenden-hall in Kent Esq 576 Dec. 3. George Wynne of Nostell in Yorkshire Esq 577 4. Heneage Featherstou of Blakesware in Hartfordshire Esq 578 Humphrey Monnox of Wotton in Bedfordshire Esq 579 10. Iohn Peyton of Dodington in the Isle of Ely in Cambridgshire Esq 580 11. Edmond Anderson of Broughton in Lincolnshire Esq 581 Iohn Fagg of Wiston in Sussex Esq 582 18. Matthew Herbert of Bromfield in Shropshire Esq 583 19. Edward Ward of Bexley in Norfolk Esq 584 22. Iohn Keyt of Ebrington in Glocestershire Esq 585 William Killegrew of Arwynick in Cornwal
Esq 586 Iohn Buck of Lamby-Grange in Lincolnshire Esq 587 24. William Frankland of Thirkelby in Yorkshire Esq 588 Richard Stiddolph of Norbury in Surrey Esq 589 William Gardner of the City of London 590 28. William Iuxon of Albourn in Sussex Esq 591 29. Iohn Legard of Ganton in Yorkshire Esq 592 31. George Marwood of Little-Buskby in Yorkshire Esq 593 Iohn Iackson of Hickleton in Yorkshire Esq 594 Ian. 2. Sir Henry Pickering of Whaddon in Cambridgshire Kt. 595 Henry Bedingfield of Oxbrough in Norfolk Esq 596 4. Walter Plomer of the Inner Temple London Esq 597 8. Herbert Springet of Broyle in Sussex Esq 598 23. William Powell alià s Hinson of Pengethley in Herefordshire Esq 599 25. Robert Newton of the City of London s 600 29. Nicholas Staughton of Staughton in Surrey Esq 601 William Rokeby of Skyers in Yorkshire Esq 602 Feb. 2. Walter Ernley of New-Sarum in Wiltshire Esq 603 Iohn Hubaud of Ipsley in Warwickshire Esq 604 7. Thomas Morgan of Llangahock in Monmouthshire Esq 605 9. Richard Lane of Tulske in the County of Roscommon in the Kingdom of Ireland Esq 606 15. George Wakefron of Beckford in Glocestershire Esq 607 Benjamin Wright of Cranham-hall in Essex Esq 608 18. Iohn Colleton of the City of London Esq 609 18. Sir Iames Modyford of London Kt. 610 21. Thomas Beaumont of Stoughtongraâ—ge in Leicestershire Esq 611 23. Edward Smith of Eshe in the Bishoprick of Durham Esq March 4. Iohn Napier alià s Sandy of in Bedfordshire Esq to take place next after Sir Thomas Holt Num-88 612 Thomas Gifford of Castle-Iordan in the County of Meath in the Kingdom of Ireland Esq 613 Thomas Clifton of Clifton in Lancashire Esq 614 William Wilson of Eastborne in Sussex Esq 615 Compton Read of Burton in Berkshire Esq 616 10. Sir Brian Broughton of Broughton in Staffordshire Kt. 617 16. Robert Slingsby of Newcells in Hartfordshire Esq 618 Iohn Crofts of Stow in Suffolk Esq 619 Ralph Verney of Middle-Claydon in Bucks Esq 620 18. Robert Dicer of Vphall in Hartfordshire Esq 621 20. Iohn Bromfield of Southwark in Surrey Esq 622 Thomas Rich of Sunning in Berkshire Esq 623 Edward Smith of Edmundthorp in Leicestershire Esq 624 26. 1661. Walter Long of Whaddon in Wiltshire Esq 625 30. Iohn Fetiplace of Chilrey in Berkshire Esq 626 April 8. Walter Hendley of Louchfield in Sussex Esq 627 9. William Parsons of Langley in Bucks Esq 628 Iohn Cambell of Woodford in Essex Esq 629 20. William Morice of Werrington in Devonshire Esq one of his Majesties Principal Secretaries of State 630 Sir Charles Gawdey of Crowshall in Suffolk Kt. 631 29. William Godolphin of Godolphin in Cornwall Esq 632 William Caley of Brumpton in Yorkshire Esq 633 30. 1661. Thomas Curson of Water-Perry in Oxfordshire Esq 634 May 1. Edmund Fowel of Fowel in Devonshire Esq 635 7. Iohn Croplâ—y of Clerkenwell in Middlesex Esq 636 10. William Smith of Redcliff in Bucks Esq 637 George Cooke of Wheatley in Yorkshire Esq 638 Charles Lloyd of Garth in Montgomeryshire Esq 639 Nathaniel Powel of Ewhurst in Essex Esq 640 15. Denney Ashburnham of Bromhall in Sussex Esq 641 16. Hugh Smith of Long-Ashton in Somersetshire Esq 742 18. Robert Ienkinson of Walcott in Oxfordshire Esq 643 20. William Glynn of Bissister in Oxfordshire Esq 644 21. Iohn Charnock of Holcot in Bedfordshire Esq 645 Robert Brook of Newton in Suffolk Esq 646 25. Thomas Nevill of Holt in Leicestershire Esq 647 27. Henry Andrews of Lathbury in Bucks Esq 648 Iuly 4. Anthony Craven of Spersholt in Berkshire Esq 649 5. Iohn Clavering of Axwell in Durham Esq 650 8. Thomas Derham of West-Derham in Norfolk Esq 651 17. William Stanley of Howton in Cheshire Esq 652 Abraham Cullen of Eastshene in Surrey Esq 653 Iames Roushout of Milnstgreen in Essex Esq 654 Godfrey Copley of Sprotborough in Yorkshire Esq 655 Griffith Williams of Penrhin in Caernarvonshire Esq 656 18. Henry Winchcumbe of Buckdebury in Berkshire Esq 657 Clement Clarke of Lande-Abby in Leicestershire Esq 658 Thomas Vyner of the City of London Esq 659 Iohn Sylyard of Delaware in Kent Esq 660 10. Christopher Guise of Elsmore in Glocestershire Esq 661 11. Reginald Forster of East-Greenwich in Kent Esq 662 11. Philip Parker of Erwarton in Esq. 663 Sir Edward Duke of Denhall in Suffolk Esq 664 21. Charles Hussey of Caythorpe in Lincolnshire Esq 665 Edward Barkham of Waynfleet in Lincolnshire Esq 666 23. Thomas Norton of Coventry in Warwickshire Esq 667 Iohn Dormer of the Grange in Bucks Esq 668 Aug. 2. Thomas Carew of Haccombe in Devonshire Esq 669 7. Mark Milbank of Halnaby in Yorkshire Esq 670 16. Richard Rothwell of Ewerby and Stapleford in Lincolnshire Esq 671 22. Iohn Bankes of London Esq 672 30. Iohn Ingoldsby of Letherborow in Bucks Esq 673 Sept. 3. Francis Bickley of Attilborough in Norfolk Esq 674 5. Robert Iason of Broad-Somerford in Wiltshire Esq 675 26. Sir Iohn Young of Culliton in Devonshire Kt. 676 Oct. 4. Iohn Frederick van Freisendorf of Herdick Lord of Kymp Embassadour to his Majesty 677 Nov. 8. William Roberts of Willesdon in Middlesex Esq 678 15. William Luckin of Waltham in Essex Esq 679 28. Thomas Smith of Hill-hall in Essex Esq 680 Dec. 3. Edwyn Sadler of Temple-Donesley of Hartfordshire Esq 681 9. Sir William Windham of Orchard-Windham in Somersetshire Kt. 682 Ian. 24. George Southcote of Bliborough in Lincolnshire Esq 683 George Trevillian of Nettlecombe in Somersetshire Esq 684 Feb. 4. Francis Duncombe of Tangley in Surrey Esq 685 7. Nicholas Bacon of Gillingham in Norfolk Esq 686 Richard Cocks of Dumbleton in Glocestershire Esq 687 27. Iohn Coriton of Newton in Cornwall Esq 688 28. Iohn Lloyd of Woking in Surrey Esq 689 Mar. 1. Edward More of More-hall and Bankhall in Lancashire Esq 690 7. Thomas Proby of Elton-hall in Huntingtonshire Esq 691 Mar. 20. Miles Stapleton of Carleton in Yorkshire Esq. 692 April 16. 1662. Sir Richard Braham of New-Windsor in Berkshire Kt. 693 May 2. Sir Iohn Witerong of Stantonbury in Bucks Kt. 694 Iune 13. Philip Matthews of Great Gobions near Rumford in Essex Esq. 695 Iuly 1. Robert Bernard of Huntington in Huntingtonshire Serjeant at Law 696 15. Roger Lort of Stock-poole in Pembrokeshire Eâ—q 697 15. Edward Gage of Hargrave in Suffolk Esq. 698 22. Thomas Hooke of Franchford in Surrey Esq. 699 24. Iohn Savile of Copley in Yorkshire Esq. 700 Aug. 5. Christopher Wandesford of Kirklington in Yorkshire Esq. 701 13. Richard Astley of Parshall in Staffordshire Esq. 702 16. Sir Iacob Gerard of Langford in Norfolk Kt. 703 21. Edward Fust of Hill in Glocestershire Esq. 704 Sept. 1. Robert Long of Westminster in Middlesex Esq. 705 13. Sir Robert Can of Compton-Greenfield in Glocestershire Esq. 706 Octob. 24. William Middleton of Belsey-Castle in Northumberland Esq. 707 Nov. 17. Richard Graham of Norton-Coniers in Yorkshire Esq. 708 Thomas Tankard of Burrow-Brigg in Yorkshire Esq. 709 20. Cuthbert Heron of Chipchase in Northumberland
Lord Mayor of this City which is evident by the noble Entertainment given to Strangers and by his great attendance both at home and abroad for besides the abundance of inferiour Officers he hath his Sword-Bearer Common Hunt Common Cryer and four Water Bailiffs which by their places are Esquires then the Coroner three Sergeant-Carvers three Sergeants of the Chamber a Sergeant of the Channel four Yeoman of the Water-side the Under-water-Bailiff two Yeoman of the Chamber with divers others The publick Officers belonging to this City are the two Sheriffs the Recorder the Chamberlain the Common Sergeant the Town Clerk and the Remembrancer who by their places are Esquires The Sheriffs who are persons of repute and ability are annually by the Commons that is the Livery-men of each Company in formality chosen on Midsomer-day and the day after Michaelmass the Lord Mayor and Aldermen go with them to the Exchequer-Chamber at Westminster where they are presented and sworn and the two old Sheriffs also sworn to their Accounts On Simon and Iudes day the old Lord Mayor being attended with the Aldermen and Sheriffs in their formalities go to the Hustings Court where the Lord Mayor elect taketh his Oath and receiveth from the Chamberlain the Scepter the Keys of the Common Seal and the Seal of the Majoralty and from the Sword-Bearer the Sword all which according to custom he delivereth to them again On the day following in the morning the old Lord Mayor with the Aldermen and Sheriffs attend the Mayor elect from his House to Guild-hall from whence in their formalities they go to the Vintrey and take Barge to Westminster being attended by the Livery-men of divers of the Companies in their Barges which are bedecked with Banners Pennons and Streamers of their Arms c. which with their Musick makes a pleasing show Being come to Westminster-hall having saluted the Judges they go up to the Exchequer Barr where the Lord Mayor tâ—keth his Oath and after some usual Ceremonies in the Hall and at the Abby in seeing the Tombs they return to their Barges and are rowed back to London being landed go to the Guild-hall in great pomp where a most stately Dinner is prepared as well for the Lord Mayor Aldermen Sheriffs and the several Companies as for the Nobility Judges and Gentry that are invited to the said Feast which oft-times is graced with the Royal Presence of their Majesties the King and Queen and the Duke of York c. The Ceremony of the day being ended the Lord Mayor is attended to his House where he liveth in great grandure during his Majoralty looking after the Affairs of the City to whose fatherly care the Government thereof is committed These with other Ceremonies in the electing and swearing the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs being largely treated of in Stow's Survey and Howel's Londinensis I forbear to speak further of them here but referr the Reader A List of the Names of the Lord Mayor Aldermen and Sheriffs that for this present year 1678 have the government of this Honourable City with the Names of the six and twenty Wards to which the said Aldermen do belong viz. THe Right Honourable Sir Iames Edwards Kt. Lord Mayor and Alderman of Candlewick Ward Sir Richard Chiverton of the Ward of Bridge without Kt. Sir Thomas Allen of Aldgate Ward Knight and Baronet Sir Iohn Frederick of Coleman-street Ward Kt. Sir Iohn Robinson of Tower-street Ward Knight Baronet and Lieutenant of the Tower of London Sir Iohn Laurence of Queen-hith Ward Kt. Sir Thomas Bludworth of Aldersgate-street Ward Kt. Sir William Turner of Castle-Baynards Ward Kt. Sir George Waterman of Brides Ward within Kt. Sir Robert Hanson of Basingshaw Ward Kt. Sir William Hooker of Cornhill Ward Kt. Sir Robert Vyner of Langborn ward Knight and Baronet Sir Ioseph Sheldon of Bishops-gate ward Kt. Sir Thomas Davies of Farendon ward without Kt. Sir Francis Chaplin of the Vintrey ward Kt. Sir Robert Clayton of Cheap ward Kt. Sir Patience Ward of Farendon ward within Kt. Sir Iohn Moore of Walbrook ward Kt. Sir William Prichard of Bread-street ward Kt. Sir Henry Tulse of Bread-street ward Kt. Sir Iames Smith of Portsoken ward Kt. Sir Nathaniel Herne of Billingsgate ward Kt. Sir Robert Ieffreys of Cordwainer ward Kt. Sir Iohn Shorter of Cripple-gate ward Kt. Sir Thomas Gold of Dowgate ward Kt. and Sir William Rawstorne of Limestreet ward Kt. The Sheriffs for this year are Sir Richard How and Sir Iohn Chapman Knights Having thus in brief treated of the Government of the City with their Immunities Priviledges Courts of Judicature c. in general in the next place we will treat of each particular Incorporated Company as Stems thereof And first with the several Companies of Merchants next with the twelve chief Companies out of which the Lord Mayor is to be Annually chosen and so end with the other Companies as Stars of a less magnitude The East-India Company though not the ancientest yet the most honourable and eminent was first Incorporated in the year of the Reign of Queen Elizabeth and since confirmed with divers other Priviledges added to their Charter by succeeding Kings having now power of making Acts and Ordinances so as not repugnant to the Law of the Land or detriment of the King for the good and well government of the said Trade and Company likewise power to hear and decide Causes and to implead fine and punish Offenders as they please to raise and maintain Souldiers in their Factories and to man out Ships of warr for their further security for warr offensive as well as defensive as occasion requireth also the using of a Seal and the bearing of a Coat of Arms as it is depicted in the Escocheon of Arms of the several Companies of Merchants This Company is managed by a joynt stock which makes them potent eminent and rich and is found several ways to be very advantageous to the Kingdom as in their building of Ships in the imploying and maintaining of thousands not only in their Ships but in their Plantations and Factories as at Surat Cambaya Bambay Curwar Baticale Calicut Fort St. George Pentapoli Musulipatan Ougely Gonro Bantam in the Indies Ormus in Persia â— with some other places of less concern And to their Presidents Factors and other Servants they allow good Salaries and are raised to higher preferments with greater Salaries as their merits deserve And the great Trade that they drive to these places exporting such vast quantities of our Manufactures and Commodities and importing so many sundry and rich Commodities cannot but make them to be very beneficial to the Nation This worthy Company for the better negotiation of their Affairs is governed by a Governour Deputy-Governour and Committâ—e consisting of four and twenty who about the midst of April are Annually elected by the Adventurers of the said Company of which there must be eight new ones always chosen and these meet at their House in Leaden-hall-street London called the East-India
House generally twice a week and keep Courts â—or the negotiation of their Affairs The government of this Company for this present year 1678. is committed to the care of Sir Nathaniel Herne Kt. Governour Major Robert Thomson Deputy-Governour and to the Right Honourable George Lord Berkeley Sir Samuel Barnadiston Sir Iohn Banks Baronets Sir William Thomson Sir Stephen White Sir Iames Edwards Sir Iohn Moore Sir Iohn Lethulier Knights Iosia Child Iohn Iolliff Iohn Bathurst Col. Iohn Clarke Iames Houblon Samuel Moyer Charles Thorold Thomas Papillon Esquires Mr. Christopher Boone Mr. Thomas Canham Mr. Ioseph Herne Mr. Nathaniel Letton Mr. Iohn Page Mr. Edward Rudge Mr. Daniel Sheldon and Mr. Ieremy Sambrook Assistants The Levant or Turky Company of Merchants which by their Discovery made the first Trade into the Seigniory of Venice and then into the Dominions of the Grand Seignior and including the Trade of the East-Indies which as then was undiscovered to us by Sea their goods being brought upon Camels and Ass-negroes to Aleppo and other parts of Turky but since the discovery of the Indies by Sea the Trade of this Company is something eclipsed for those Commodities which are now brought us by the East-India Company The benefit that ariseth to this Nation from this Company besides the imploying so many Ships and Seamen is in the Exporting and Importing of so many rich Commodities and in particular Clothes both died and drest at the least thirty thousand pieces yearly Kersies Lead Tinn Iron Steel Wire Pewter Furrs pieces of Eight Sugar Hides Elephants-teeth Brasill red and white Lead Indico Logwood Couchaniel Callicoes Spices and several Indian Commodities And for these they Import raw Silks of Persia Damascus Tripoli c. also Camblets Grograins Grograin-yarn Mohairs of Angor Woolls Cottons Cotton-yarn of Smyrna and Cyprus Galls of Mosolo and Toccat the Coralls and Oyls of Zant Zeffalonia Morea c. the Drugs of Egypt and Arabia also Turky-Carpets Cordovants Box-wood Rhubarb Worm-seed Sena Cummin-seed with several other rich Commodities This worshipful Company of Merchants was first Incorporated in the Reign of Queen Elizabeth and since confirmed by her Successors and have ample Priviledges and Immunities granted unto them as making of Laws and Orders for the well government of the said Fellowship power of deciding Controversies which arise in the said Company as to their Trade giving Oaths imposing Fines or imprisoning of Offenders according to their discretion the using of a Publick Seal and the bearing of a Coat of Arms as is set forth in the Escocheon of Arms aforesaid And for the better management of the Affairs of this Honourable Company they are governed by a Governour Deputy-Governour and Court of Assistants consisting of 18 who in the Month of February are Annually chosen by a general Consent out of the Members of the said Company and these meet and keep Courts monthly weekly or as oft as their occasions require for the management of the concerns of the said Society as binding and making free electing and sending over Consuls Vice-Consuls Factors and Servants to Constantinople Smyrna Aleppo Cyprus and such places where their Factories are kept The management of the Affairs of this Honourable Company for this present year 1678. is committed to the care and prudent government of the Right Honourable George Lord Berkeley of Berkeley whose worthy parts and great love to Traffick makes him every way so fit for it that the Company for these several years past have by an unanimous consent elected his Lordship their Governour Iohn Buckworth Esq Deputy Mr. Iohn Harvey Treasurer Mr. Thomas Vernon Husband Sir Iohn Lethulier Kt. Charles Thorold Esq Iohn Morden Esq Mr. Thomas Pilkington Mr. Richard Poulter Mr. Henry Griffith Mr. Iohn Morice Mr. Richard Onslow Mr. Thomas Hartopp Mr. Walter Conventrey Mr. William Hedges Mr. Iasper Clotterbook Mr. Abraham Wessell Mr. Richard Nicol Mr. Bernard Saltonstall Mr. George Carew The Russia or Moscovy Company of Merchant Adventurers for discovery of new Trades was first Incorporated in the beginning of the Reign of King Philip and Queen Mary upon the Discoveries of Lands Territories Seigniories and Isles by Seas lying Northwards North-eastwards and North-westwards from England and was afterwards confirmed by Act of Parliament in the eighth year of the Reign of Queen Elizabeth so that now they enjoy several Immunities and Priviledges as to raise Arms for the subduing of Countreys in the limits aforesaid and to enter thereon and set up the English Standards to make Acts and Ordinances for the good of the said Society so as they are not repugnant to the Laws of the Kingdom to punish Offenders by Fine or Imprisonment to use a Common Seal to bear a Coat of Arms c. as is here depicted The Commodities that this Company Exporteth are woollen Clothes both died and dressed of all sorts Kersies Bayes Cottons Perpetuances Fustians Norwich Stuffs Lace Thread Lead Tinn Pewter Allom Copper much defective Wines and Fruits not fit to be spent in this Kingdom with most sorts of English Goods And for these and the like they Import Pot-ashes Tarr Cordage Cable-yarn Tallow Wax Isinglass several sorts of Hides in the Hair Goat-skins undrest Cordovants tan'd Hides Hogs-brissles raw Silk Linseed Slod Bever wooll and wombs several sorts of rich Furrs Seal-skins Rhuberb Castorum Agarick Train-oyl Flax Hemp Linen Caviare Salmon Stockfish Codfish c. This worshipful Company of Merchants is governed by a Governour four Consuls and Assistants consisting of four and twenty who on the first of March are Annually chosen out of the Members of the said Society and for this present Year 1677. the management thereof is committed to the care of Iohn Iolliff Esq Governour Sir Benjamin Ayloff Baronet Samuel Moyer Esq Charles Thorold Esq Mr. Charles Carill Consuls to Mr. Edward Bell Treasurer and to Iohn Gould Esq Mr. Daniel Edwards Mr. Benjamin Glanvile Mr. Iames Young Mr. Benjamin Colds Mr. George Grove Mr. Francis Pargiter Mr. George Carew Mr. Heritage Lenten Captain Gervase Lock Mr. Edward Grace Mr. Thomas Thursby Mr. Thomas Hancox Mr. Iohn Ashby Mr. Richard Adams Mr. Edward Davenport Mr. Thomas Hawes â— Mr. George Cooks Mr. Gilbert Ward Mr. Ioseph Wolfe Mr. Iohn Porter Mr. Iohn Osborne and Mr. Iohn Penning Assistants The Eastland Company first Incorporated in the Reign of Queen Elizabeth and confirmed by King Charles the Second and by their Charter have ample Immunities and Priviledges granted to them and as large a scope to traffick in including the Trade of the Kingdoms Dominions Dukedoms Countreys Cities and Towns of Norway Swedeland and Poland with the Territories of the said Kingdoms as also in Lettow Liffland and Pomerland from the River Odera Eastwards and likewise in the Isles of Findland Eoland and Berâ—tholine within the Sound The Commodities by this Company Exported are Woollen Clothes Perpetuances Kersies Serges Norwich Stuffs Cottons Lead Tinn Pewter Stockins Hats Gloves together with several Southern and Eastern Commodities as Sattins Silks Spices
c. and the Commodities by them â—mported are Deals Masts Timber Oars Balks Clapboards Bom-spars Cant-spars Pipe-staves Wainscot and Quarters Flax Hemp Linen-cloth Fustians Cordage Cable-yarn Pitch Tarr Tallow Hides Pot-ashes Wheat Rye Iron Lattin Copper Steel Wire Quicksilver rich Furrs Buck-skins Train-oyl Sturgeon Stock-fish Mather with several other good Commodities For the management of the Affairs of this worshipful Company they are governed by a Governour Deputy-Governour and Court of Assistants consisting of four and twenty who are yearly elected out of the Members of the said Society in the month of October and keep their Courts for the management of the concerns of the said Company as others do having also large Immunities granted unto them The present Governour for this Year 1678. is Sir Richard Chiverton Kt. Governour Francis Asty Esq Deputy-Governour Randolph Knipe Treasurer Sir Benjamin Ayloffe Edward Bilton Senior Esq Iohn Dogget Esq Nathaniel Tench Esq Peter Rich Esq Mr. Thomas Canham Mr. Henry Moody Mr. Edw. Bilton Junior Mr. Samuel Feake Mr. William Rivett Mr. Hugh Vpton Mr. William Nutt Mr. William Cooper Mr. Iohn Mathews Mr. Oliver Westland Mr. Edward Harwell Mr. Abraham Wessel Mr. Ioseph Martin Mr. Thomas Philpe Mr. Thomas Warren Mr. William Taylor and Mr. Iohn Sayer Assistants The Royal Affrican Company of England was by his Majesties great prudence and care for the general good of this Nation and of his Foreign Dominions and Plantations erected into a Company and is likely to prove the most beneficial Trade that belongs to his Crown as well by the Commodities Exported and Imported as by the Negro Trade The Goods of English growth Exported are Sayes Perpetuances Broad-clothes Welsh-plains and other Woollen Manufactures in great abundance besides quantities of other English Goods and Stuffs the large consumption whereof doth not only enable the Tenant the better to pay his Rent and maintain his Family but also sets many thousands of poor people at work in making dying and dressing of these Stuffs and Clothes And together with these Goods of English growth are also sent vast quantities of Foreign Goods chiefly imported by our East-India Company by which his Majesties Customes the wealth of his People and the Navigation of this Kingdom are much encreased The Foreign Commodities Imported are Gold Elephants-teeth Wax Hides and other Commodities almost all as good as gold And as to the benefit of the Negro Trade it is such that by it all the American Plantations are yearly furnished with great quantities of Slaves not elsewhere to be had by whose labour and the Planters industry the King and his People are very much enriched The bounds of this Companies Trade are large viz. from Sally in South-Barbary to Cape Bona Esperanza inclusive The Voyage out and home is short usually within the compass of a year Many ships and seamen are constantly employed in the Companies Service who for the securing their Trade have at a very great expence erected several Forts and Factories all along the Coast of Guiny without which the Trade cannot possibly be preserved to this Nation and for that very reason this Trade cannot be managed but by a Company and a joynt Stock for no private person will undergo the Charge of Forts and Factories abroad besides such as Venture one Voyage and perhaps no more do usually consult the cheapest way in their Exports and will not have that care to send so good and merchantable Commodities as a Company who are constantly to trade thither will who are obliged so to do as well for supporting the credit of their trade as for bringing our English Manufactures into a better reputation than those of our Neighbours which this Company hath really effected in several Commodities formerly bought in Holland as Sayes Muskets Knives c. being now all Exported of our own make And of this difference in and between the Commodities send by the Company and those sent by private Traders the Natives of Guiny who are a sagacious people are very sensible by the ill-dealings they have met with in that kind from some private Traders which hath been a thing very disadvantageous to our English Manufactures and Trade but these miâ—chiefs have been removed ever since his Majesties settling the Trade in a Company with prohibition to all such interloping Traders This Company consisteth of a Governour who is his Royal Highness Iames Duke of York the very life of the said Company under his Sacred Majesty a Sub-Governour Deputy-Governour and a generality mixt of divers Noblemen honourable Persons and eminent Merchants to the number of about two hundred out of which are Annually chosen by Vote at a general Court four and twenty Assistants of whom any six with the Governour Sub-Governour or Deputy-Governour make a Court which by their Charter dated Sept. 27. 1672. is called a Court of Assistants and impowered for the well ordering and governing of the Affairs of the said Company subject nevertheless to a general Court when occasion requireth The management of the Affairs of this Honourable Company for this Year 1678. is committed to the prudent care and government of his Royal Highness Governour Sir Gabriel Roberts Sub-Governour Benjamin Newland Esq Deputy-Governour Twenty four Assistants viz. Sir Iohn Banks Knight and Baronet Sir Thomas Bludworth Knight and Alderman Mr. Benjamin Bathurst William Earl of Craven Sir Peter Colleton Knight and Baronet Mr. Roger Chappel Mr. Samuel Dashwood Thomas Lord Viscount Fauconberg Edward Hopegood Esq Mr. Peter Ioy Sir Andrew King Mr. Iohn Mead Sir Iohn Mathews Mr. Nicholas Mead Mr. Thomas Nichols Lawrence du Puy Esq Mr. Peter Proby William Roberts Esq Mr. Edward Rudge Col. Iohn Searle Mr. Benjamin Skutt Sir William Turner Knight and Alderman Mr. Thomas Vernon Mr. William Warren The Coat of Arms and Motto belonging to this Company is also depicted in the Plate of Arms of the Companies of Merchants This worshipful Company as indeed all others are is governed by a Master Wardens and Court of Assistants Thus having briefly treated of the City of London the Metropolis of the Kingdom with some of the chief Incorporated Companies our next business shall be to treat of the Cities in England with the principal places or Shire-Towns in every County CHAP. II. Treats of the Cities of England with the Shire or chief Town Corporate in each County and first with Berkshire ELY a City of more antiquity than beauty being but meanly built nor well inhabited or frequented and would be farr less were it not the See of a Bishop It is a place that enjoyeth ample Immunities for in the Isle of Ely the Bishop hath all the Rights of a County Palatine and beareth chief sway therein and appointeth his Bailiff and other Officers WELLS another City in Somersetshire of no large extent but well inhabited and of good account being the See of a Bishop under whose Jurisdiction is that of Bath Its buildings are fair and good its Cathedral a stately Pile of building adjoyning to which