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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A36946	Arcana aulica, or, Walsingham's manual of prudential maxims for the states-man and courtier : to which is added Fragmenta regalia, or, Observations on Queen Elizabeth, her times and favorites / by Sir Robert Naunton.; Traicté de la cour. English. 1694	Refuge, Eustache de, d. 1617.; Walsingham, Edward, d. 1663.; Walsingham, Francis, Sir, 1530?-1590.; Naunton, Robert, Sir, 1563-1635. Fragmenta regalia, or, Observations on Queen Elizabeth.	1694 (1694)	Wing D2686; ESTC R33418	106,428	275

where you may follow your Book Read and Discourse of the Wars But to our purpose It fell out happily to Those and as I may say to Those Times That the Queen during the Calm of her Reign was not idle nor rockt asleep with Security for she had been very Provident in the Reparation and Augmentation of her Shipping and Ammunition and I know not whether by a fore-sight of Policy or an Instinct it came about or whether it was an Act of her Compassion but it is most certain That she sent Levies and no small Troops to the assistance of the Revolted States of Holland before she had received any Affront from the King of Spain that might Deserve or Tend to a breach in Hostility which the Papists to this day Maintain was the Provocation and Cause of the after-wars but omitting what might be said to this point those Netherland wars were the King's Seminaries and the Nurseries of very many Brave Souldiers and so were likewise the Civil Wars of France whither she sent five several Armies the French-Schools that inured the Youth and Gallantry of the Kingdom and it was a Militia wherein they were daily in acquaintance with the discipline of the Spaniards who were then turned the Queen's Inveterate Enemies And this have I taken into observation of her Dies Halcyonii those years of hers which were more Serene and Quiet than those that followed which though they were not less propitious as being Touched more with the point of Honour and Victory yet were they Troubled and ever Clouded over both with Domestick and Foreign Machinations and it is already quoted they were such as awakened her Spirits and made her cast about how to Defend rather by Offending and by the way of diverting to Prevent all Invasions than to Expect them which was a piece of Policy of the times and with this I have noted the causes or Principia of the Wars following and likewise pointed to the Seed-plots from whence she took up those Brave Men and Plants of Honour which Acted on the Theatre of Mars and on whom she dispersed the Rayes of her Grace which were Persons in their kinds of Rare Vertues and such as might out of height of Merit pretend interest to her Favour of which rank the number will equal if not exceed that of the Gown-men In recount of whom I proceed with Sir Philip Sidney Sir Philip Sidney HE was Son to Sir Henry Sidney Lord Deputy of Ireland and President of Wales a Person of Great Parts and in no Mean Grace with the Queen his Mother was Sister to my Lord of Leicester from whence we may conjecture how the Father stood up in the place of Honour and Imployment so that his Descent was Apparently Noble on both sides For his Education it was such as Travel and the University could afford or his Tutors infuse for after an incredible Proficiency in all the species of Learning he left the Academical life for that of the Court whither he came by his Uncle's Invitation famed afore-hand by a Noble Report of his Accomplishments which together with the state of his Person framed by a Natural Propension to Arms he soon Attracted the good opinion of all men and was so highly prized in the good opinion of the Queen that she thought the Court Deficient without him And whereas through the fame of his Deserts he was in the Election for the Kingdom of Poland she refused to further his Advancement not out of Emulation but out of Fear to lose the jewel of her Times He married the daughter and sole heir of Sir Francis Walsingham then Secretary of State a Lady destinated to the Bed of Honour who after his Deplorable death at Zutphen in the Netherlands where he was Governour of Vitishing at the time of his Uncle's being there was married to my Lord of Essex and since his death to my Lord of Saint Albans all persons of the sword and otherwise of Great Honour and Vertue They have a very quaint and facetious figment of him That Mars and Mercury fell at Variance whose servant he shoul be And there is an Epigrammist that saith that Art and Nature had spent their Excellencies in his fashioning and fearing they should not end what they begun they bestowed him on Fortune and Nature stood Musing and Amazed to behold her own work but these are the fictions of Poets Certain it is He was a Noble and Matchless Gentleman and it may be justly said without Hyperboles of fiction as it was of Cato Vticensis That he seemed to be born to that only which he went about Versatilis ingenii as Plutarch hath it But to speak more of him were to make him less Sir Fra. Walsingham SIr Francis Walsingham as we have said had the honour to be Sir Philip Sidney's Father in Law He was a Gentleman at first of a Good House but of better Education and from the University Travelled for the rest of his Learning He was doubtless the Best Linguist of the times but knew best how to use his own Tongue whereby he came to be employed in the Chiefest Affairs of State He was sent Ambassadour into France and stayed there a Leiger long in the heat of the Civil wars and at the same time that Mounsieur was here a Suitor to the Queen and if I be not mistaken he played the very same part there as since Gundamore did here At his return he was taken Principal Secretary and was one of the Great Engines of State and of the times high in the Queen's Favour and a watchful servant over the safety of his Mistress They note him to have had certain Curiosities and Secret ways of Intelligence above the rest But I must confess I am to seek wherefore he suffered Parry to play so long on the hook before he hoysed him up and I have been a little curious in the search thereof though I have not to do with the Arcana Imperii For to know is sometimes a burthen and I remember that it was Ovid's crimen aut error That he saw too much But I hope these are Collaterals of no danger But that Parry intending to kill the Queen made the way of his Access by betraying of others and impeaching of the Priests of his own correspondency and thereby had Access and Conference with the Queen and also oftentimes familiar and private Conference with Walsingham will not be the Quaere of the mystery for the Secretary might have had his end of discovery on a further Maturity of the Treason but that after the Queen knew Parry's intent why she should then admit Him to Private Discourse and Walsingham to suffer it considering the condition of all Assailings and permit him to go where and whither he listed and onely on the security of a dark sentinel set over him was a piece of Reach and Hazard beyond my Apprehension I must again profess That having read many of his Letters for they are commonly sent to

new Farmers So that we may take this also into observation that there were of the Queen's Council that were not in the Catalogue of Saints Now as we have taken a view of some particular Notions of her Times her Nature and Necessities It is not beside the text to give a short Touch on the Helps and Advantages of her Reign which were without Parallel for she had neither Husband Brother Sister nor Children to Provide for who as they are Dependants of the Crown so doe they Necessarily draw maintenance from thence and do oftentimes Exhaust and Draw deep especially when there is an ample fraternity of the bloud Royal and of the Princes of the Bloud as it was in the time of Edward the third and Henry the fourth for when the Crown cannot the Publick ought to give them Honourable Allowance for they are the Honour and Hopes of the Kingdom and the Publick which enjoys them hath a like interest in them with the Father that begot them and our Common-Law which is the Inheritance of the Kingdom did ever of old provide aids for the Primogenitures and the eldest Daughter So that the multiplicy of Courts and the Great Charge which necessarily follow a King and Queen a Prince and the Royal Issue was a thing which was not in rerum natura during the space of forty years and which by time was worn out of memory and without the consideration of the present times Insomuch that the aids given to the late and right noble Prince Henry and to his Sister the Lady Elizabeth were at first generally received for impositions of a new Coynage Yea the late impositions for Knighthood though an ancient Law fell also into the imputation of a Tax of novelty for that it lay long covered in the embers of division between the Houses of York and Lancaster and forgotten or connived at by the succeeding Princes So that the strangeness of the observation and difference of those later reigns is that the Queen took up beyond the power of the Law which fell not into the murmur of the people and her successors nothing but by warrant of the Law which nevertheless was conceived through disuse to be Injurious to the Liberty of the Kingdom Now before I come to any further mention of her Favourites for hitherto I have delivered but some Obvious Passages thereby to prepare and smooth a way for the rest that follows it is requisite that I Touch on the Relicks of the other Reign I mean the Body of her Sisters Council of State which she Retained intire neither Removing nor Discontenting any although she knew them averse to her Religion and in her Sisters time Perverse towards her Person and privy to her Troubles and Imprisonment A prudence which was incomparible with her Sisters nature for she both dissipated and Persecuted the major part of her Brother's Council But this will be of certainty that how Compliable soever and Obsequious she found them yet for a good space she made little use of their Counsels more than in the Ordinary course of the Board for she held a Dormant Table in her own Princely Breast yet she kept them together and their Places without any sudden Change so that we may say of them That they were of the Court not of the Council For whilest she Amused them with a kind of Promissive Disputation concerning the Points Controverted by both Churches she did set down her own Reservations without their Privity and made all her Progressions Gradations But so that the Tenents of her secrecy with intent of her establishment were Pitcht before it was known where the Court would sit down Neither do I find that any of her Sisters Council of State were either Repugnant to her Religion or Opposed her doings Englefield Master of the Horse excepted who withdrew himself from the Board and shortly after from out her Dominions so Plyable and Obedient they were to Change with the Times and their Princes And of this there will fall in here a Relation both of Recreation and of known Truth Paulet Marquess of Winchester and Lord Treasurer having served then four Princes in as Various and Changeable seasons that I may well say time nor any age hath yielded the like precedent This Man being noted to grow High in her Favour as his Place and Experience required was questioned by an Intimate friend of his how he stood up for Thirty years together amidst the Changes and Reigns of so many Chancellors and Great Personages Why quoth the Marquess Ortus sum ex salice non ex quercu I was made of the plyable Willow not of the stubborn Oak And truly the Old Man hath Taught them all especially William Earl of Pembroke for they two were ever of the King's Religion and over-zealous professors Of these it is said that being both younger Brothers yet of Noble Houses they spent what was left them and came on trust to the Court where upon the bare stock of their Wits they began to Traffick for themselves and prospered so well that they Got Spent and Left more than any Subjects from the Norman Conquest to their own Times whereunto it hath been prettily replyed that they lived in a Time of Dissolution To conclude then of any of the former reign it is said that these two lived and dyed chiefly in her favour The latter upon his son's marriage with the Lady Katharine Grey was like utterly to have lost himself But at the Instant of the consummation Apprehending the insafety and danger of an inter-marriage with the Bloud-Royal he fell at the Queen's feet where he both Acknowledged his Presumption with tears and projected the Cause and the Divorce together and so quick he was at his work for it stood him upon that upon Repudiation of the Lady he clapt up a marriage for his Son the Lord Herbert with Mary Sidney daughter to Sir Henry Sidney then Lord Deputy of Ireland the blow falling on Edward late Earl of Hereford who to his cost took up the Divorced Lady of whom the Lord Beauchamp was born and William Earl of Hereford is descended I come now to present Those of her own Election which she either admitted to her secrets of State or took into her Grace and Favour of whom in their order I crave leave to give unto posterity a cautious description with a short Character or Draught of the persons themselves For without offence to others I would be true to my self their memories and merits distinguishing them of the Militia from the Togati and of these she had as many and those as able Ministers as any of her Progenitors Leicester IT will be out of doubt that my Lord of Leicester was one of the first whom she made Master of the Horse he was the youngest Son then living of the Duke of Northumberland beheaded primo Mariae and his Father was that Dudley which our Histories couple with Epson and both so much Infamed for the Caterpillars of

my Lord of Leicester and Burleigh out of France containing many fine passages and secrets yet if I might have been beholding to his Cyphers whereof they are full they would have told Pretty Tales of the times But I must now close up and rank him amongst the Togati yet chief of those that laid the foundation of the Dutch and French Wars which was another piece of his fineness and of the times with one observation more That he was one of the Great Allies of the Austrian Embracements For both himself and Stafford that preceded him might well have been compared to the Fiend in the Gospel that sowed his tares in the night so did they their seeds of division in the dark And it is a likely report that they father on him at his return That he said unto the Queen with some sensibility of the Spanish designs on France Madam 〈◊〉 beseech you be content not to fear The Spaniard hath a great Appetite and an Excellent Digestion but I have fitted him with a bone for this Twenty years that your Majesty shall have no cause to doubt him provided that if the fire chance to slack which I have kindled you will be ruled by me and now and then cast in some English fewel which will revive the flame Willoughby MY Lord Willoughby was one of the Queen's first Sword-men He was of the Ancient Extract of the Bartues but more ennobled by his Mother who was Dutchess of Suffolk He was a great Master of the Art Military and was sent General into France and commanded the Second of Five Armies that the Queen sent thither in aid of the French I have heard it spoken that had he not slighted the Court but Applyed himself to the Queen he might have enjoyed a plentiful portion of her Grace And it was his saying and it did him no good That he was none of the Reptilia intimating that he could not creep on the ground and that the Court was not in his Element for indeed as he was a Great Souldier so was he of a Suitable Magnanimity and could not brook the Obsequiousness and Assiduity of the Court and as he then was somewhat descending from youth happily he had an animam revertendi and to make a safe Retreat Sir Nicholas Bacon I Come to another of the Togati Sir Nicholas Bacon An arch-piece of Wit and Wisdom He was a Gentleman and a man of Law and of great knowledge therein whereby together with his other parts of Learning and Dexterity he was promoted to be Keeper of the Great Seal and being of kin to the Treasurer Burleigh had also the help of his hand to bring him into the Queen's favour for he was abundantly factious which took much with the Queen when it was suited with the season as he was well able to judge of his times He had a very quaint saying and he used it often to good purpose That he loved the jest well but not the loss of his Friend He would say That though he knew Vnusquisque suae fortunae faber was a true and good principle yet the most in number were those that marred themselves But I will never forgive that man that loseth himself to be rid of his jest He was Father to that Refined Wit which since hath acted a disastrous part on the publick stage and of late sat in his Father's room as Lord Chancellour Those that lived in his age and from whence I have taken this little Model of him gives him a lively Character and they decypher him for another Solon and the Synon of those times such a one as Oedipus was in dissolving of Riddles Doubtless he was as able an Instrument and it was his commendation that his head was the Mawl for it was a great one and therein he kept the Wedge that entred the knotty pieces that came to the Table And now I must again fall back to smooth and plain a way to the rest that is behind but not from the purpose There were about these times two Rivals in the Queen's favour Old Sir Francis Knowls Comptroller of the House and Sir Henry Norris whom she called up at a Parliament to sit with the Peers in the higher House as Lord Norris of Ricot who had married the daughter and heir of the old Lord Williams of Tame a Noble person and to whom in the Queen's adversity she had been committed to safe custody and from him had received more than ordinary observances Now such was the goodness of the Queen's Nature that she neither forgot good turns received from the Lord Williams neither was she unmindfull of this Lord Norris whose Father in her Father's time and in the business of her Mother died in a Noble cause and in the justification of her innocency Lord Norris MY Lord Norris had by this Lady an ample Issue which the Queen highly respected for he had Six Sons and all Martial brave men The first was William his eldest and Father to the late Earl of Berkshire Sir John vulgarly called General Norris Sir Edward Sir Thomas Sir Henry and Maximilian Men of an haughty courage and of great experience in the conduct of Military affairs And to speak in the Character of their merit they were persons of such renown and worth as future times must out of duty owe them the debt of an honourable memory Knowls SIr Francis Knowls was somewhat of the Queen's affinity and had likwise no incompetent Issue for he had also William his eldest and since Earl of Banbury Sir Thomas Sir Robert and Sir Francis if I be not a little mistaken in their names and martialling and there was also the Lady Lettice a Sister of these who was first Countess of Essex and after of Leicester And these were also brave men in their times and places but they were of the Court and Carpet not led by the genius of the Camp Between these two Families there was as it falleth out amongst Great ones and Competitors for favour no great correspondency and there were some seeds either of emulation or distrust cast between them which had they not been disjoyned in the residence of their persons as it was the fortune of their imployments the one side attending the Court the other the Pavilion surely they would have broken out into some kind of hostility or at least they would have wrestled one in the other like Trees incircled with Ivy For there was a time when both these Fraternities being met at Court there passed a challenge between them at certain exercises the Queen and the old men being spectators which ended in a flat quarrel amongst them all And I am perswaded though I ought not to judge that there were some reliques of this feud that were long after the causes of the one Families almost utter extirpation and of the others improsperity For it was a known truth that so long as my Lord of Leicester lived who was the main pillar of the one side as

Glory and content of Mind that will arise from thence will much recompence the trouble of it Since that if he carry himself wisely and accommodate himself to those things that he sees he cannot change nor overcome I dare say he will at last become acceptable to the worst of Princes and dearer than others that are of a worse repute who seldom manage the Prince's business with a due fidelity and care or at least not equal to that he might easily promise to himself from the hands of a vertuous and honest man And hither tends the Counsel of Sallust and Mecaenas whereby the first recommended to Julius Caesar and the latter to Augustus the choice and friendship of Good men Because Conscience and care of their Reputation restrains these more powerfully from dishonest things than the fear of punishment or the want of Power doth others But as I have said the vicious are always in Court in greater throngs who chiefly by two ways do Ingratiate themselves with the Prince first by Flattering and Fulfilling whatever he shall please to command and that by so much the more servilely by how much the more their hopes of gain are greater Next for that Princes are pleased to have those about them in comparison of whom themselves though bad God knows seem to be good Some there are that think also their lives more secure in the company of those that are most like unto themselves Dionysias the Tyrant being requested to expel out of his Court one who for his villainy was hated by all men answered No he would keep him lest otherwise he himself should become the most hateful person in the Court It is natural to those who find themselves obnoxious to any vice by comparing themselves to those that are worse to seek to purchase to themselves some shew of Probity And it hath been an Old trick of Princes on purpose to choose unlikely Successors to the end their own acts and vertues might appear better and more illustrious For Tacitus is of opinion that for no other reason did Augustus adopt Tiberius whose arrogance and cruelty he knew full well nor Tiberius choose Caligula It is principally necessary that a good man be very Sober and Circumspect in his discourse for Princes seldom or never love an unwary and careless liberty in any kind of men how vertuous soever they be Neither did Plato's freedom with Dionysius succeed well for therefore was he delivered up to a needy Mariner and sent to be sold in the Isle of Creet whence being redeemed by certain Philosophers he was admonished either to abstain wholly from the conversation of Princes or to speak plausible things With the like advices did Aristotle furnish his Cozen Callisthenes then going to attend upon Alexander to wit That he should very seldom speak and then never but pleasing things to him upon whose Tongues-end lay the disposal of his life CHAP. VII Whom When and How we ought to Flatter the Nature of a free and tolerable Flattery and the necessity of it in Court THough it be Inconsistent with the strictest rules of Morality and Vertue yet of Necessity if you live in Court you must sometimes so Flatter the Prince as may gain him unto you But all manner of Flattery is not Tolerable a Base and Servile one was displeasing even to Tiberius himself of whom it is written by Tacitus Annal. 3. that going out of the Senate he was once heard to say of those Flattering Senators in Greek O Men born to slavery There are circumstances wherein Flattery used is as prejudicial as when it is wholly omitted For it happens often that be whom we Flatter too grosly suspects deceipt It is requisite still that Flattery have something of truth and some show of liberty mixed with it it is the opinion of Aeschines and Plutarch whereby we may perswade not onely the Prince that we speak heartily and as we think but others also and so preserve our Credit Croesus who whilest he was a King himself had learnt well the humor of Kings and what would either please or displease them When upon a time Cambyses King of the Persians demanded of those that were about him What they thought of him in Comparison of his Father Cyrus They all affirmed That he was greater than Cyrus as who unto his Fathers Kingdoms had added Aegypt and the dominion of the Sea When Croesus then a Captive came to speak he affirmed That he was much inferiour to his Father by reason that he had as yet begotten none equal to himself This answer had some taste of freedom and therefore was more pleasing to Cambyses's-vanity than all the rest had said That Flattery is very notable of Valerius Messalla recorded by Tacitus Annal. 1. Messala Valerius added That it was convenient the Oath of Allegiance should every year be renewed in Tiberius's name who being demanded by Tiberius whether he had any commandment from him to give that advice he answered That he spoke it of his own accord and that in what concern'd the Common-wealth he would use no man's advice but his own whatever the offence or danger were Which was a wonderful unpractised kind of Flattery Like unto this is that which the same Author relates of Ateius Capito Annal. 3. Lucius Ennius a Gentleman of Rome was accused of Treason for melting the Image of the Prince and making it into Plate Caesar commanded he should not be prosecuted for it Ateius Capito openly complained with a seeming liberty that the power of determining in such a case ought not to be taken from the Senate nor so great a Crime pass unpunished and that he was slow in resenting his own least he should also punish an injury done to the Common-wealth It were easie to bring more examples of this kind but these are sufficient to instruct those upon whom there is imposed a necessity of Flattering that they may take heed lest their Flattery bring upon themselves or others any Private or Publick damage it is sufficient that it be such as may sometimes satisfie the Prince's vanity CHAP. VIII How to Manage the Counsels of a Prince OUr Courtier ought to beware how he engages himself though called in the Counsel of a Proud and Violent Prince for such as those do ask Counsel in no other sort than as Xerxes did when he went to invade Greece He called together the Princes of Asia as it were to deliberate with them about the Conduct of the War but they being come before him he said Lest I should seem without your advice to act all things according to my own will I have called you my Lords to Counsel yet I would have you know that I expect here from you obedient minds and not troublesome debates Cambyses the Predecessor of Xerxes being about to Marry his Sister demanded of his Counsellors whether any Law of the Persians prohibited such a Marriage They perceiving the King did not ask this question so much to resolve

my Lord of Leicester who had married his Mother a tie of affinity which besides a more urgent obligation might have invited his care to advance him his Fortune being then and through his Fathers infelicity grown low But that the son of a Lord Ferrers of Chartley Viscount Hartford and Earl of Essex who was of the ancient Nobility and formerly in the Queen 's good grace could not have room in her favour without the assistance of Leicester was beyond the rule of her nature which as I have elsewhere taken into observation was ever inclinable to favour the Nobility Sure it is That he no sooner appeared in Court but he took with the Queen and Courtiers and I believe they all could not choose but look through the Sacrifice of the Father on his living Son whose image by the remembrance of former passages was afresh like the bleeding of men murdered represented to the Court and offered up as a subject of compassion to all the Kingdom There was in this young Lord together with a most goodly Person a kind of urbanity or innate courtesie which both won the Queen and too much took upon the people to gaze upon the new adopted Son of her favour And as I go along it were not amiss to take into observation two notable quotations The first was a violent indulgency of the Queen which is incident to old age where it encounters with a pleasing and suitable object towards this Lord all which argued a non-perpetuity The second was a fault in the Object of her grace my Lord himself who drew in too fast like a child sucking an over uberous Nurse and had there been a more decent decorum observed in both or either of those without doubt the unity of their affections had been more permanent and not so in and out as they were like an Instrument ill tuned and lapsing to discord The greater errour of the two though unwillingly I am constrained to impose on my Lord of Essex or rather on his youth and none of the least of his blame on those that stood Sentinels about him who might have advised him better but that like men intoxicated with hopes they likewise had suckt in with the most and of their Lords receipt and so like Caesar's would have all or none A rule quite contrary to nature and the most indulgent Parents who though they may express more affection to one in the abundance of bequests yet cannot forget some Legacies just distributives and divide●ds to others of their begetting And how hateful partiality proves every days experience tells us out of which common consideration might have framed to their hands a maxim of more discretion for the conduct and management of their now graced Lord and Master But to omit that of Infusion and to doe right to truth My Lord of Essex even of those that truly loved and honoured him was noted for too bold an Ingrosser both of fame and favour And of this without offence to the living or treading on the Sacred Urne of the Dead I shall present a Truth and a passage yet in memory My Lord Mounjoy who was another Child of her favour being newly come to Court and then but Sir Charles Blunt for my Lord William his elder brother was then living had the good fortune one day to run very well a Tilt and the Queen therewith was so well pleased that she sent him in Token of her Favour a Queen at Chesse of Gold Richly Enamelled which his Servants had the next day fastned on his Arme with a Crimson Ribband which my Lord of Essex as he passed through the Privy Chamber espying with his Cloak cast under his Arme the better to commend it to the view enquired what it was and for what cause there fixed Sir Foulk Grevil told him That it was the Queen's Favour which the day before and after the Tilting she had sent him whereat my Lord of Essex in a kind of Emulation and as though he would have limitted her Favour said Now I perceive every Fool must have a Favour This bitter and Publick Affront came to Sir Charles Blunt's eare who sent him a Challenge which was accepted by my Lord and they met near Mary-bone-Park where my Lord was hurt in the Thigh and Disarmed the Queen missing the Men was very curious to learn the truth and when at last it was whispered out she Swore by God's Death it was fit that some one or other should take him down and teach him better Manners otherwise there would be no rule with him And here I note the inition of my Lord's Friendship with Mountjoy which the Queen her self did conjure Now for fame we need not goe far for my Lord of Essex having born a grudge to General Norris who had unwittingly offered to unpertake the Action of Britain with fewer men than my Lord had before demaned on his return with Victory and a glorious report of his valour he was then thought the onely man for the Irish War wherein my Lord of Essex so wrought by despising the number and quality of Rebels that Norris was sent over with a scanted force joyned with the relicks of the veterance Troops of Britain of set purpose as it fell out to ruine Norris and the Lord Burrowes by my Lord's procurement sent at his heels and to command in chief and to confine Norris only to his Goverment at Munster which brake the great heart of the General to see himself undervalued and underminded by my Lord and Burrowes which was as the Proverb speaks it Imberbes docere senes My Lord Burrowes in the beginning of his prosecution died whereupon the Queen was fully bent to have sent over Mountjoy which my Lord of Essex utterly disliked and opposed with many reasons and by arguments of contempt against Mountjoy his then professed friend and familiar so predominant were his words to reap the honour of closing up that War and all other Now the way being opened and plained by his own workmanship and so handled that none durst appear to stand for the place at last with much adoe he obtained his own ends and with all his fatal destruction leaving the Queen and the Court where he stood firm and impregnable in her grace to men that long had sought and watcht their times to give him the trip and could never find any opportunity but this of his absence and of his own Creation And these are the true observations of his appetite and inclinations which were not of any true proportion but carried and transported with an over-desire and thirstiness after fame and that deceitfull fame of popularity And to help on his Catastrophe I observe likewise two sorts of people that had a hand in his fall the first was the Souldiery which all flockt unto him as foretelling a mortality and are commonly of blunt and too rough Counsels and many times dissonant from the time of the Court and the State The other sort were of his

having married the Sister none of the other side took any deep rooting in the Court though otherwise they made their ways to Honour by their swords And that which is of more note considering my Lord of Leicester's use of Men of Arms being shortly after sent Governour to the Revolted States and no Souldier himself is that he made no more accompt of Sir John Norris a Soldier then deservedly famoused and trained from a Page under the discipline of the great Captain of Christendom the Admiral Castilion and of Command in the French and Dutch wars almost twenty years It is of further observation that my Lord of Essex after Leicester's decease though initiated to Arms and houred by the General in the Portugal expedition whether out of instigation as it hath been thought or out of ambition and jealousie to be eclipsed and over-shadowed by the fame and splendour of this great Commander loved him not in sincerity Moreover certain it is he not onely crusht and upon all occasions quell'd the growth of this brave man and his famous Brethren but therewith drew on his own fatal end by undertaking the Irish Action in a time when he left the Court empty of friends and f●ll fraught with his profess'd enemies But I forbear to extend my self in any further relation upon this subject as having left some notes of truth in these two Noble Families which I would present and therewith toucht somewhat which I would not if the equity of the Narration would have admitted an intermission Sir John Perrot SIr John Perrot was a goodly Gentleman and of the Sword And as he was of a very ancient descent as an heir to many abstracts of Gentry especially from Guy de Bryan of Lawhern so was he of a vast Estate and came not to the Court for want And to these adjuncts he had the endowments of courage and height of spirit had it lighted on the allay of temper and discretion the defect whereof with a native freedom and boldness of speech drew him on to a clouded setting and laid him open to the spleen and advantage of his enemies amongst whom Sir Christopher Hatton was profest He was yet a wise man and a brave Courtier but rough and participating more of active than sedentary motions as being in his constellation destinated for Arms. There is a quaere of some denotations how he came to receive his foyl and that in the Catastrophe for he was strengthened with honourable Alliances and the privy friendships of the Court My Lord of Leicester and Burleigh both his Contemporaries and Familiars but that there might be as the Adage hath it falsity in friendship and we may rest fatisfied that there is no disputing against fate They quote him for a person that loved to stand too much alone and on his own legs of too often recesses and discontinuance from the Queen's presence A fault which is incompatible with the ways of Court and favour He was sent Lord Deputy into Ireland as it was thought for a kind of haughtiness of spirit and repugnancy in Councels or as others have thought the fittest Person then to bridle the insolency of the Irish And probable it is that both these considering the sway that he would have at the Board and head in the Queen's favour concurred and did a little conspire his remove and his ruine But into Ireland he went where he did the Queen very great and many services if the surplussage of the measure did not abate the value of the merit as aftertimes found that to be no paradox For to save the Queen's purse which both her self and my Lord Treasurer Burleigh ever took for good services he imposed on the Irish the charge of bearing their own arms which both gave them the possession and taught them the use of weapons which proved in the end a most fatal work both in the profusion of blood and treasure But at his return and on some account sent home before touching the state of the Kingdom the assiduous testimonies of her grace were towards him till by his retreat to his Castle at Cary where he was then building and out of desire to be in command at home as he had been abroad together with the hatred and practice of Hatton then in high favour whom not long before he had too bitterly taunted for his Dancing He was accused of High Treason and for high Words and a forged Letter Condemned though the Queen on the News of his Condemnation Swore by her wonted Oath That they were all Knaves And they deliver with assurance That on his return to the Tower after his Trial he said in Oaths and in Fury to the Lieutenant Sir Owen Hopton What will the Queen suffer her Brother to be offered up as a Sacrifice to the Envy of my Frisking Adversaries Which being made known to the Queen and the Warrant for his Execution tendered and somewhat enforced she refused to Sign it and Swore he should not die for he was an honest a faithful Man And surely though not altogether to set up our rest and faith upon Tradition and upon old Reports as that Sir Thomas Perrot his Father was a Gentleman of the Privy-Chamber to Henry the Eighth and in the Court married a Lady of Great Honour of the King's Familiarity which are presumptions of some implication But if we go a little further and compare his Picture his Qualities Gesture and Voice with that of the King 's which memory retains yet amongst us they will plead strongly that he was a Subreptitious Child of the Blood Royal. Certain it is that he lived not long in the Tower and that after his decease Sir Thomas Perrot his Son then of no mean esteem with the Queen having before married my Lord of Essex's Sister since Countess of Northumberland had restitution of all his Lands though after his decease also which immediately followed the Crown resumed his Estate and took the advantage of the former Attainder And to say the truth the Priest's Forged Letter was at his Arraignment thought but a Fiction of Envy and was soon after exploded by the Priest's own confession But that which most exasperated the Queen and gave advantage to his Enemies was as Sir Walter Raleigh takes into his observation words of disdain For the Queen by sharp and reprehensive Letters had netled him and shortly after sending others of approbation commending his Service and intimating an Invasion from Spain which he no sooner perused but he said publickly in the Great Chamber at Dublin Lo now she is ready to Piss her self for fear of the Spaniard I am again one of her White-boys Words which are subject to a various construction and tended to some disreputation of his Soveraign and such as may serve for instruction to persons in place of honor and command to beware of the violences of nature but especially of the exorbitances of the tongue And so I conclude him with this double observation The one

and from thence down to little more than to that wherein she found him a bare Gentleman Not that he was less for he was well-descended and of good alliance but poor in his beginnings and for my Lord of Oxford's Jest of him the Jack and an Upstart we all know it savours more of Emulation and his Humour than of Truth and it is a certain Note of the Times that the Queen in her Choice never took into her Favour a meer New Man or a Mechanick as Comines observes of Lewis the Eleventh of France who did serve himself with Persons of unknown Parents such as was Oliver the Barber whom he created Earl of Dunoyes and made him ex secretis consiliis and alone in his favour and familiarity His approaches to the University and Inns of Court were the grounds of his improvement but they were rather excursions than sieges or settings down for he stayed not long in a place and being the youngest Brother and the House diminished in Patrimony he foresaw his own destiny that he was first to rowl through want and disability to subsist otherways before he could come to a repose and as the Stone doth by long lying gather Moss He first exposed himself to the Land service of Ireland a Militia which then did not yield him food and rayment for it was ever very poor nor had he patience to stay there though shortly after he came thither again under the Command of my Lord Gray but with his own Colours flying in the field having in the interim cast a new chance both in the Low-Countries and in a Voyage to Sea and if ever Man drew Vertue out of Necessity it was he therewith was he the great example of Industry and though he might then have taken that of the Merchant to himself Per mare per terras currit mercator ad Indos He might also have said and truly with the Philosopher Omnia mea mecum porte for it was a long time before he could brag of more than he carried at his back and when he got on the winning side it was his commendations that he took pains for it and underwent many various adventures for his after-perfection and before he came into the publick note of the World And that it may appear how he came up Per ardua Per variot causus per tot discrimina rerum not pulled up by chance or by any gentle admittance of Fortune I will briefly describe his native parts and those of his own acquiring which was the hopes of his rising He had in the outward man a good presence in a handsome and well compacted person a strong natural wit and a better judgment with a bold and plausible tongue whereby he could set out his parts to the best advantage and to these he had the adjuncts of some generall Learning which by diligence he enforced to a great augmentation and perfection for he was an indefatigable Reader whether by Sea or Land and none of the least observers both of men and the times and I am confident that among the second causes of his growth that variance between him and my Lord Grey in his descent into Ireland was a principal for it drew them both over the Council Table there to plead ●heir cause where what advantage he had in the cause I know not but he had much better in the telling of his tale and so much that the Queen and the Lord 's took no slight mark of the man and his parts for from thence he came to be known and to have access to the Queen and the Lords and then we are not to doubt how such a man would comply and learn the way of progression And whether Leicester had then cast in a good word for him to the Queen which would have done no harm I do not determine But true it is He had gotten the Queen's ear at a trice and she began to be taken with his elocution and loved to hear his reasons to her demands and the truth is she took him for a kind of Oracle which netled them all yea those that he relied on began to take his sudden favour for an Alarm and to be sensible of their own supplantation and to project his which made him shortly after sing Fortune my foe c. So that finding his favour declining and falling into a recess he undertook a new peregrination to leave that Terra infirma of the Court for that of the Wars and by declining himself and by absence to expel his and the passion of his enemies which in Court was a strange device of ecovery but that he knew there was some ill office done him that he durst not attempt to mind any other ways than by going aside thereby to teach envy a new way of forgetfulness and not so much as to think of him howsoever he had it always in mind never to forget himself and his device took so well that at his return he came in as Rams do by going backward with the greater strength and so continued to her last great in her grace and Captain of the Guard where I must leave him but with this observation That though he gained much at the Court yet he took it not out of the Exchequer or meerly out of the Queen's purse but by his wit and the help of the Prerogative for the Queen was never profuse in the delivering out of her treasure but payed many and most of her servants part in money and the rest with grace which as the case stood was taken for good payment leaving the Arrear of recompence due to their merit to her great Successor who payed them all with advantage Grevil SIR Foulk Grevil since Lord Brook had no mean place in her favour neither did he hold it for any short term for if I be not deceived he had the longest lease and the smoothest time without rub of any of her Favourites He came to the Court in his youth and prime for that is the time or never He was a brave Gentleman and honourably descended from William Lord Brook and Admiral to Henry the seventh Neither illiterate for he was as he would often profess a friend to Sir Philip Sidney and there are of his now extant some fragments of his Poem and of those times which do interest him in the Muses and which shews the Queen's election had ever a noble conduct and its motions more of verture and judgment than of fancy I find that he neither sought for or obtained any great place or preferment in Court during all the time of his attendance neither did he need it for he came thither backt with a plentiful Fortune which as himself was wont to say was the better held together by a single life wherein he lived and dyed a constant Courtier of the Ladies Essex MY Lord of Essex as Sir Henry Wotton a Gentleman of great parts and parly of his time and retinue observes had is introduction by