this_o day_n hold_v the_o last_o in_o custom_n to_o all_o intent_n whatsoever_o the_o last_o branch_n provide_v the_o remedy_n to_o recover_v to_o the_o heir_n his_o possession_n in_o case_n it_o be_v detain_v either_o through_o doubtfulness_n of_o age_n of_o the_o heir_n or_o his_o title_n and_o it_o direct_v the_o issue_n to_o be_v try_v by_o twelve_o man_n this_o trial_n some_o have_v think_v to_o be_v of_o glanvil_n invention_n and_o it_o may_v well_o be_v that_o this_o trial_n of_o this_o matter_n as_o thus_o set_v down_o be_v direct_v by_o he_o yet_o he_o use_v often_o in_o his_o book_n the_o word_n solet_fw-la and_o in_o his_o preface_n say_v that_o he_o will_v set_v down_o frequentius_fw-la usitata_fw-la and_o its_o past_a question_n but_o that_o the_o trial_n by_o twelve_o man_n be_v much_o more_o ancient_a as_o have_v be_v already_o note_v one_o thing_n more_o yet_o remain_v concern_v the_o widow_n of_o the_o tenant_n who_o dower_n be_v not_o only_o provide_v for_o but_o her_o reasonable_a part_n of_o her_o husband_n personal_a estate_n the_o original_a hereof_o be_v from_o the_o norman_n and_o it_o be_v as_o popular_a as_o that_o of_o wardship_n be_v regal_a and_o so_o they_o make_v the_o english_a woman_n as_o sure_a to_o they_o as_o they_o be_v sure_a of_o their_o child_n the_o justice_n shall_v by_o assize_n try_v disseisin_n do_v since_o the_o king_n 10._o 10._o come_v over_o sea_n next_o after_o the_o peace_n make_v between_o he_o and_o his_o son_n this_o be_v call_v the_o assize_n of_o novel_a disseisin_n or_o of_o disseisin_n late_o make_v it_o seem_v that_o the_o limitation_n be_v set_v for_o the_o justice_n sake_n who_o now_o be_v appoint_v to_o that_o work_n which_o former_o belong_v to_o the_o county_n court_v 33._o glanv_n lib._n 13._o cap._n 33._o and_o to_o prevent_v intrenchment_n of_o court_n a_o limitation_n be_v determine_v although_o the_o copy_n seem_v to_o be_v mistake_v for_o the_o limitation_n in_o the_o writ_n be_v from_o the_o king_n last_o voyage_n or_o go_v into_o normandy_n justice_n shall_v do_v right_a upon_o the_o king_n write_v for_o half_a a_o 11._o 11._o knight_n fee_n and_z under_z unless_o in_o case_n of_o difficulty_n which_o be_v to_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o king_n the_o justice_n itinerant_a end_v the_o small_a matter_n in_o their_o circuit_n the_o other_o be_v reserve_v to_o the_o king_n in_o his_o bench_n justice_n shall_v inquire_v of_o escheate_n land_n church_n and_o 12._o 12._o woman_n in_o the_o king_n gift_n and_o of_o castle_n guard_n who_o how_o much_o and_o where_o so_o as_o the_o judge_n itinerant_a have_v the_o work_n of_o escheator_n and_o make_v their_o circuit_n serve_v as_o well_o for_o the_o king_n profit_n as_o justice_n to_o the_o subject_n they_o use_v also_o to_o take_v fealty_n of_o the_o people_n to_o the_o king_n at_o one_o certain_a time_n of_o the_o year_n and_o to_o demand_v homage_n also_o these_o matter_n of_o the_o king_n exchequer_n make_v the_o presence_n of_o the_o judge_n less_o acceptable_a and_o it_o may_v be_v occasion_v some_o kind_n of_o oppression_n and_o as_o touch_v castleguard_n it_o be_v a_o tenure_n in_o great_a use_n in_o these_o bloody_a time_n and_o yet_o it_o seem_v they_o use_v to_o take_v rend_v instead_o of_o the_o personal_a service_n else_o have_v that_o enquiry_n how_o much_o be_v improper_a 13._o 13._o of_o a_o tenant_n hold_v and_o of_o several_a lord_n that_o one_o man_n may_v hold_v several_a land_n of_o several_a lord_n and_o so_o owe_v service_n to_o they_o all_o be_v so_o common_a as_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o nevertheless_o it_o will_v not_o be_v altogether_o out_o of_o the_o way_n to_o touch_v somewhat_o upon_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o mutual_a relation_n between_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o general_a that_o the_o true_a nature_n of_o the_o diversity_n may_v more_o full_o appear_v the_o foundation_n or_o subject_n of_o service_n be_v a_o piece_n of_o land_n or_o other_o tenement_n at_o the_o first_o give_v by_o the_o lord_n to_o the_o tenant_n in_o affirmance_n of_o a_o stipulation_n between_o they_o presuppose_v by_o the_o give_v and_o receive_v whereof_o the_o tenant_n undertake_v to_o perform_v service_n to_o the_o lord_n 4._o glanv_n lib._n 9_o cap._n 4._o and_o the_o lord_n undertake_v protection_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o his_o right_n to_o that_o tenement_n the_o service_n be_v first_o by_o promise_n solemn_o bind_v either_o by_o oath_n which_o the_o lord_n or_o his_o deputy_n by_o the_o common_a law_n have_v power_n to_o administer_v as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o fealty_n in_o which_o the_o tenant_n bind_v himself_o to_o be_v true_a to_o the_o honour_n and_o safety_n of_o his_o lord_n person_n and_o to_o perform_v the_o service_n due_a to_o the_o lord_n for_o the_o tenement_n so_o give_v or_o otherwise_o by_o the_o tenant_n humble_a acknowledgement_n and_o promise_v not_o only_o to_o perform_v the_o service_n due_a but_o even_o to_o be_v devote_v to_o the_o lord_n service_n to_o honour_v he_o and_o to_o adventure_v limb_n and_o life_n and_o to_o be_v true_a and_o faithful_a to_o the_o lord_n this_o be_v call_v homage_n from_o those_o word_n i_o become_v your_o man_n sir_n and_o yet_o promise_v upon_o the_o matter_n no_o more_o but_o fealty_n in_o a_o deep_a compliment_n albeit_o there_o be_v difference_n in_o the_o adjunct_n belong_v to_o each_o for_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o by_o promise_n of_o be_v the_o lord_n man_n a_o general_a service_n may_v seem_v to_o be_v imply_v yet_o in_o regard_n that_o it_o be_v upon_o occasion_n only_o of_o that_o present_a tenure_n it_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v restrain_v only_o to_o those_o particular_a service_n which_o belong_v to_o that_o tenement_n and_o therefore_o if_o that_o tenement_n be_v hold_v in_o soccage_n although_o the_o tenant_n be_v bind_v to_o homage_n yet_o that_o homage_n tie_v not_o the_o tenant_n to_o the_o service_n of_o a_o knight_n 5_o lit._n lib._n 2._o cap._n 5_o nor_o contrary_o do_v the_o homage_n of_o a_o tenant_n in_o knight_n service_n tie_v he_o to_o that_o of_o socage_n upon_o the_o command_n of_o his_o lord_n though_o he_o profess_v himself_o to_o be_v his_o man_n nor_o do_v the_o tenant_n homage_n bind_v he_o against_o all_o man_n nor_o ad_fw-la semper_fw-la for_o in_o case_n he_o hold_v of_o two_o or_o divers_a lord_n by_o homage_n for_o several_a tenement_n 10._o glanv_n lib._n 9_o cap._n 1._o lib._n 7._o cap._n 10._o and_o these_o two_o lord_n be_v in_o war_n one_o against_o the_o other_o the_o tenant_n must_v serve_v his_o chief_a lord_n of_o who_o the_o capital_a house_n be_v hold_v or_o that_o lord_n which_o be_v he_o by_o priority_n who_o may_v be_v call_v the_o chief_a lord_n because_o have_v first_o receive_v homage_n he_o receive_v it_o absolute_o from_o his_o tenant_n but_o all_o other_o lord_n receive_v homage_n of_o such_o tenant_n with_o a_o save_n of_o the_o tenant_n faith_n make_v to_o other_o lord_n and_o to_o the_o king_n who_o in_o order_n to_o the_o public_a have_v power_n to_o command_v a_o tenant_n into_o war_n against_o his_o own_o lord_n if_o therefore_o he_o be_v command_v by_o the_o king_n in_o such_o case_n unto_o war_n he_o need_v not_o question_v the_o point_n of_o forfeiture_n 1._o glanvil_n lib._n 9_o cap._n 1._o but_o if_o he_o be_v command_v by_o a_o chief_a of_o his_o other_o lord_n into_o war_n against_o a_o party_n in_o which_o another_o of_o his_o lord_n be_v engage_v his_o safe_a way_n be_v to_o enter_v upon_o the_o work_n because_o of_o his_o allegiancc_fw-la to_o that_o lord_n yet_o with_o a_o salvo_fw-la of_o his_o fealty_n to_o that_o other_o lord._n 4._o ibid._n cap._n 4._o but_o in_o all_o ordinary_a case_n tenant_n and_o lord_n must_v have_v regard_n to_o their_o stipulation_n for_o otherwise_o if_o either_o break_v the_o other_o be_v discharge_v for_o ever_o and_o if_o the_o fault_n be_v in_o the_o tenant_n his_o tenement_n escheat_n to_o his_o lord_n and_o if_o the_o lord_n fail_v he_o lose_v his_o tenure_n and_o the_o tenant_n may_v thence_o forth_o disclaim_v and_o hold_v over_o for_o ever_o nevertheless_o the_o lord_n have_v two_o privilege_n by_o common_a custom_n belong_v to_o their_o tenor_n which_o although_o not_o mention_v in_o the_o stipulation_n be_v yet_o more_o valuable_a than_o all_o the_o rest_n the_o one_o concern_v matter_n of_o profit_n the_o other_o of_o power_n that_o of_o profit_n consist_v in_o aid_n and_o relief_n the_o aid_n be_v of_o three_o kind_n 8._o ibid._n c._n 8._o one_o to_o make_v the_o lord_n elder_a son_n knight_n the_o other_o to_o marry_v his_o elder_a daughter_n the_o three_o to_o help_v he_o to_o pay_v a_o relief_n to_o his_o lord_n paramont_n which_o in_o my_o opinion_n
of_o these_o person_n the_o one_o be_v perpetual_a the_o other_o temporary_a therefore_o be_v there_o also_o by_o these_o law_n a_o difference_n in_o the_o disposal_n of_o their_o estate_n for_o the_o tutor_n have_v a_o right_a in_o the_o dispose_n of_o the_o one_o and_o but_o a_o bare_a authority_n or_o power_n in_o provide_v for_o the_o other_o second_o the_o person_n of_o the_o tutor_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v ancient_o it_o be_v the_o next_o kindred_n ground_v as_o i_o conceive_v upon_o the_o natural_a affection_n go_v along_o with_o the_o blood_n and_o this_o so_o continue_v in_o custom_n until_o these_o time_n for_o though_o the_o miror_fw-la of_o justice_n say_v that_o henry_n the_o first_o bring_v in_o that_o course_n of_o give_v the_o custody_n of_o these_o disable_v person_n to_o the_o king_n as_o have_v be_v former_o observe_v yet_o bracton_n that_o write_v long_o after_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o speak_v of_o these_o kind_n of_o person_n say_v 20._o bract._n lib._n 5._o cap._n 20._o talibus_fw-la de_fw-fr necessitate_v dandus_fw-la est_fw-la tutor_n vel_fw-la curator_n not_o so_o much_o as_o mention_v the_o king_n in_o the_o case_n and_o in_o another_o place_n speak_v of_o such_o as_o be_v alieni_fw-la juris_fw-la say_v that_o some_o be_v under_o the_o custody_n of_o their_o lord_n and_o other_o under_o their_o parent_n and_o friend_n 10_o lib._n 1._o cap._n 10_o but_o let_v the_o time_n of_o the_o entrance_n of_o this_o law_n be_v never_o so_o uncertain_a it_o be_v now_o a_o declare_a law_n that_o the_o king_n in_o such_o case_n be_v the_o common_a curator_n or_o tutor_n of_o all_o such_o person_n as_o he_o be_v a_o chief_a justice_n render_v to_o every_o one_o his_o right_n the_o king_n shall_v have_v the_o wreck_n of_o the_o sea_n 4._o prerog_n reg._n cap._n 11._o west_n 1._o cap._n 4._o what_o shall_v be_v call_v a_o wreck_n the_o statute_n at_o westm_n 1._o declare_v viz._n where_o the_o ship_n so_o perish_v that_o nothing_o therein_o escape_v alive_a and_o these_o be_v rather_o in_o their_o original_n commit_v to_o the_o king_n as_o a_o curator_n then_o give_v he_o as_o a_o proprietor_n although_o that_o custom_n have_v since_o settle_v a_o kind_n of_o right_n which_o may_v perhaps_o be_v account_v rather_o a_o title_n by_o estoppell_n for_o the_o fundamental_a ground_n be_v that_o the_o right_a owner_n can_v be_v manifest_v and_o therefore_o the_o king_n shall_v hold_v it_o and_o if_o the_o right_a owner_n can_v be_v manifest_v the_o king_n shall_v hold_v it_o till_o the_o owner_n do_v appear_v 17._o marlb_n cap._n 17._o the_o heir_n in_o socage_n tenure_n shall_v have_v a_o action_n of_o waste_n and_o a_o account_n against_o his_o guardian_n for_o the_o profit_n of_o his_o land_n and_o marriage_n the_o heir_n in_o socage_n be_v under_o age_n shall_v also_o be_v under_o custody_n of_o such_o guardian_n of_o the_o next_o kindred_n 37._o bracton_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 37._o who_o can_v challenge_v right_o of_o inheritance_n in_o such_o land_n so_o hold_v as_o if_o the_o land_n descend_v from_o the_o father_n side_n the_o mother_n or_o next_o of_o the_o kindred_n of_o the_o mother_n side_n shall_v have_v the_o custody_n and_o so_o if_o the_o land_n descend_v from_o the_o mother_n the_o father_n or_o next_o kindred_n of_o the_o father_n side_n shall_v have_v the_o custody_n and_o this_o custody_n bring_v with_o it_o a_o authority_n or_o power_n only_o and_o no_o right_a as_o in_o case_n of_o the_o heir_n in_o knightservice_n and_o therefore_o can_v be_v grant_v over_o as_o the_o wardship_n in_o knightservice_n may_v but_o the_o guardian_n in_o socage_n remain_v accountant_a to_o the_o heir_n for_o all_o profit_n both_o of_o land_n and_o marriage_n the_o full_a age_n of_o tenant_n in_o socage_n be_v such_o age_n wherein_o he_o be_v able_a to_o do_v that_o service_n which_o be_v 14_o year_n for_o at_o such_o age_n he_o may_v b_o able_a by_o common_a repute_n to_o aid_v in_o tillage_n of_o the_o ground_n which_o be_v his_o proper_a service_n but_o the_o son_n of_o a_o burgess_n have_v no_o set_a time_n of_o full_a age_n but_o at_o such_o time_n as_o he_o can_v tell_v money_n and_o measure_n cloth_n and_o such_o work_n as_o concern_v that_o call_n 1._o merton_n cap._n 1._o widow_n deforce_v of_o their_o dower_n of_o quarentine_n shall_v by_o action_n recover_v damage_n till_o they_o recover_v their_o dower_n 2._o cap._n 2._o they_o shall_v also_o have_v power_n to_o divise_v their_o crop_n arise_v from_o her_o dower_n 40._o bract._n lib._n 2._o cap._n 40._o it_o be_v use_v that_o the_o heir_n shall_v have_v the_o crop_n with_o the_o land_n but_o this_o statute_n alter_v that_o former_a usage_n and_o yet_o save_v the_o lord_n liberty_n to_o distrain_v if_o any_o service_n be_v due_a writ_n de_fw-la consimili_fw-la casu_fw-la grant_v in_o case_n that_o fall_v under_o the_o same_o law_n and_o need_v the_o same_o remedy_n 24._o west_n 2._o cap._n 24._o and_o such_o writ_n shall_v be_v make_v by_o agreement_n of_o the_o clerk_n in_o the_o chancery_n and_o advice_n of_o such_o as_o be_v skilful_a in_o the_o law_n it_o be_v none_o of_o the_o mean_a liberty_n of_o the_o freeman_n of_o england_n that_o no_o writ_n do_v issue_n forth_o against_o they_o but_o such_o as_o be_v ancient_o in_o use_n and_o agree_v upon_o in_o parliament_n and_o it_o be_v no_o less_o a_o grievance_n and_o just_a cause_n of_o complaint_n that_o king_n use_v to_o send_v writ_n of_o new_a impression_n to_o execute_v the_o dictate_v of_o their_o own_o will_n and_o not_o of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 44._o m._n paris_n addit_fw-la artic._n 44._o as_o the_o complaint_n of_o the_o clergy_n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o do_v witness_v nevertheless_o because_o many_o man_n case_n befall_v not_o direct_o within_o the_o letter_n of_o any_o law_n for_o remedy_n and_o yet_o be_v very_o burdensome_a for_o want_v of_o remedy_n it_o be_v provide_v by_o this_o law_n that_o in_o such_o emergent_a case_n that_o do_v befall_v within_o the_o inconvenience_n shall_v likewise_o be_v comprehend_v within_o the_o remedy_n of_o that_o law_n aid_v to_o make_v the_o son_n of_o the_o lord_n a_o knight_n 36._o west_n 1._o c._n 36._o and_o to_o marry_v his_o elder_a daughter_n shall_v be_v assess_v after_o the_o rate_n of_o twenty_o shilling_n for_o a_o knight_n fee_n and_o twenty_o shilling_n for_o twenty_o pound_n in_o yearly_a value_n of_o soccage_n tenure_n the_o uncertainty_n of_o aid_n be_v by_o this_o law_n reduce_v and_o settle_v as_o touch_v the_o sum_n and_o thereby_o deliver_v the_o people_n from_o much_o oppression_n which_o they_o suffer_v former_o nor_o be_v only_o the_o particular_a sum_n hereby_o but_o also_o the_o age_n of_o the_o son_n when_o he_o be_v to_o be_v make_v a_o knight_n viz._n at_o the_o age_n of_o fifteen_o year_n too_o soon_o for_o he_o to_o perform_v knightservice_n but_o not_o too_o soon_o for_o the_o lord_n to_o get_v his_o money_n and_o the_o daughter_n likewise_o be_v allow_v to_o be_v fit_a for_o marriage_n at_o seven_o year_n of_o age_n or_o at_o least_o to_o give_v her_o consent_n thereto_o albeit_o that_o in_o truth_n she_o be_v neither_o fit_n for_o the_o one_o or_o other_o and_o therefore_o it_o must_v be_v the_o lord_n gain_v that_o make_v the_o law_n and_o it_o be_v not_o amiss_o to_o have_v the_o aid_n beforehand_o though_o the_o marriage_n succeed_v not_o for_o many_o year_n after_o and_o if_o the_o lord_n die_v in_o the_o interim_n the_o executor_n have_v asset_n pay_v it_o or_o otherwise_o his_o heir_n chap._n lxviii_o of_o court_n and_o their_o proceed_n beside_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n itinerant_a which_o be_v ancient_a as_o have_v be_v say_v other_o court_n have_v be_v raise_v of_o latter_a birth_n albeit_o even_o they_o also_o have_v be_v of_o ancient_a constitution_n and_o divers_a of_o they_o itinerant_a also_o and_o some_o of_o they_o settle_v in_o one_o place_n the_o work_n of_o the_o justice_n itinerant_a be_v universal_a comprehend_v both_o matter_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o common-plea_n that_o of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n be_v only_o of_o crown_n plea_n original_o commence_v and_o inquire_v of_o by_o themselves_o and_o grant_v forth_o upon_o emergent_a crime_n of_o important_a consequence_n that_o require_v speedy_a regard_n and_o reformation_n justice_n of_o gaol-delivery_n have_v a_o more_o large_a work_n that_o be_v to_o deliver_v the_o gaol_n of_o all_o criminal_a offender_n former_o indict_v or_o before_o themselves_o justice_n of_o assize_n and_o nisi_fw-la prius_fw-la be_v to_o have_v cognisance_n of_o common_a plea_n only_o and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v but_o for_n inquiry_n all_o which_o save_v the_o justice_n itinerant_a in_o ancient_a use_n be_v institute_v
estate_n if_o the_o sale_n be_v not_o effectual_a and_o in_o case_n the_o vendor_n have_v no_o warrant_n for_o such_o good_n by_o he_o sell_v no_o live_a cattle_n shall_v be_v sell_v but_o only_o in_o city_n 60._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 60._o and_o before_o three_o witness_n nor_o shall_v any_o thing_n forbid_v be_v sell_v without_o warranty_n no_o fair_n or_o market_n shall_v be_v hold_v but_o only_o in_o city_n 61._o ibid._n c._n 61._o burrough_n wall_a town_n and_o castle_n these_o law_n concern_v sale_n and_o market_n be_v ancient_a saxon_a law_n and_o tend_v all_o to_o the_o avoid_n of_o cheat_a man_n of_o their_o cattle_n by_o surreptitious_a sale_n of_o they_o make_v by_o such_o as_o have_v no_o right_n good_n find_v shall_v be_v publish_v by_o the_o finder_n to_o the_o neighbourhood_n 7._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 7._o and_o if_o any_o make_v claim_n and_o proof_n of_o they_o to_o be_v his_o he_o shall_v have_v they_o giving_z security_n to_o bring_v they_o into_o the_o court_n in_o case_n any_o other_o shall_v within_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n make_v his_o claim_n thereto_o the_o child_n of_o person_n intestate_a shall_v equal_o divide_v the_o heritage_n 36._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 36._o this_o be_v in_o terminis_fw-la the_o saxon_a law_n and_o therefore_o concern_v it_o i_o shall_v refer_v to_o the_o same_o former_o recite_v only_o i_o shall_v add_v hereto_o the_o law_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o i_o ll._n hen._n i_o which_o may_v serve_v as_o a_o explanation_n of_o the_o former_a any_o free_a man_n may_v devise_v his_o chattel_n by_o will_n and_o if_o he_o die_v intestate_a his_o wife_n child_n parent_n or_o next_o kin_n shall_v divide_v the_o same_o for_o his_o soul_n good_a the_o first_o branch_n whereof_o be_v ancient_a and_o doubtless_o in_o continual_a use_n but_o the_o iniquity_n of_o the_o norman_a rude_a time_n be_v such_o that_o the_o lord_n under_o surmise_n of_o arrear_n or_o relief_n will_v seize_v all_o the_o personal_a estate_n after_o the_o tenant_n death_n and_o so_o the_o right_a of_o last_o will_n be_v swallow_v up_o but_o this_o restore_v the_o power_n of_o last_o will_n into_o its_o place_n and_o in_o case_n the_o party_n die_v intestate_a preserve_v a_o kind_n of_o nature_n of_o descent_n although_o they_o be_v more_o personal_a nor_o do_v that_o last_o clause_n of_o the_o soul_n good_a disannul_v the_o same_o although_o the_o word_n may_v seem_v to_o carry_v away_o the_o benefit_n to_o some_o other_o hand_n for_o the_o whole_a matter_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o discretion_n of_o such_o as_o be_v next_o to_o the_o intestate_a chap._n lii_o of_o law_n that_o concern_v common_a interest_n of_o land_n the_o law_n that_o concern_v land_n and_o peculiar_o belong_v to_o the_o norman_n be_v such_o as_o concern_v principal_o the_o tenure_n of_o land_n which_o if_o due_o consider_v although_o savour_v somewhat_o of_o the_o king_n yet_o little_a of_o the_o conqueror_n for_o general_o it_o must_v be_v grant_v that_o tenor_n long_o before_o and_o after_o this_o time_n be_v as_o the_o service_n order_v according_a to_o the_o will_n of_o the_o giver_n in_o which_o as_o the_o king_n have_v the_o great_a share_n and_o he_o the_o most_o public_a person_n of_o all_o so_o be_v his_o donation_n order_v chief_o to_o advance_v the_o public_a service_n and_o in_o this_o regard_n the_o tenure_n by_o knight_n service_n may_v more_o principal_o challenge_v the_o king_n regard_v then_o the_o regard_n of_o all_o the_o great_a man_n beside_o but_o this_o be_v not_o the_o sore_n yea_o rather_o it_o be_v the_o beauty_n and_o strength_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o for_o which_o the_o king_n deserve_v a_o honourable_a name_n above_o most_o of_o his_o progenitor_n who_o have_v not_o so_o much_o land_n to_o dispose_v of_o as_o he_o have_v and_o therefore_o can_v not_o advance_v that_o service_n in_o any_o proportion_n equal_a unto_o he_o the_o sore_n that_o cause_v so_o many_o sigh_n be_v the_o encumbrance_n raise_v upon_o this_o most_o noble_a and_o free_a service_n which_o through_o the_o evil_a of_o time_n by_o this_o mean_n become_v the_o most_o burdensome_a and_o the_o only_o loathe_a and_o abhor_a service_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n i_o say_v through_o the_o evil_a of_o time_n for_o it_o can_v lodge_v in_o my_o thought_n but_o in_o the_o norman_a time_n the_o encumbrance_n be_v nothing_o so_o great_a as_o of_o latter_a age_n and_o that_o much_o have_v be_v impute_v to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o conqueror_n which_o they_o never_o deserve_v as_o may_v appear_v in_o these_o particular_n which_o the_o law_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o have_v preserve_v in_o memory_n tenant_n of_o the_o king_n or_o other_o lord_n die_v 1213_o 1_o relief_n m._n paris_n an._n 1100_o &_o 1213_o his_o heir_n shall_v pay_v no_o other_o relief_n then_o what_o by_o law_n be_v due_a that_o which_o by_o law_n be_v due_a be_v set_v down_o in_o the_o law_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n the_o relief_n of_o a_o earl_n 12._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 12._o 8._o horse_n saddle_v and_o bridle_v 4._o helmet_n 4._o coat_n of_o mail_n 4._o shield_n 4._o spear_n 4._o sword_n 4._o chaser_n bridle_v and_o saddle_v 1._o palfrey_n bridle_v and_o saddle_v the_o relief_n of_o a_o baron_n 23._o ibid._n c._n 23._o 4._o horse_n with_o saddle_n &_o bridle_n 2._o helmet_n 2._o coat_n of_o mail_n 2._o sheild_n 2._o spear_n 2._o sword_n 2._o chaser_n bridle_v and_o saddle_v 1._o palfrey_n bridle_v and_o saddle_v the_o relief_n of_o a_o vavasor_n to_o his_o lord_n 24._o ibid._n c._n 24._o his_o best_a horse_n his_o helmet_n his_o coat_n of_o mail_n his_o shield_n his_o spear_n his_o sword_n or_o if_o he_o have_v no_o arm_n than_o he_o be_v to_o pay_v s._n 100_o the_o relief_n of_o the_o country_n man_n be_v the_o best_a beast_n that_o be_v in_o his_o possession_n 29._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 29._o and_o of_o he_o that_o farm_v his_o land_n a_o year_n rend_v these_o be_v the_o relief_n due_a by_o law_n and_o now_o settle_v in_o good_n or_o arm_n but_o afterward_o turn_v into_o money_n and_o its_o likely_a that_o the_o ill_a custom_n in_o the_o former_a time_n do_v extort_v both_o money_n and_o arm_n or_o such_o sum_n of_o money_n as_o they_o please_v and_o by_o the_o very_a word_n of_o the_o law_n it_o seem_v they_o have_v bring_v it_o to_o a_o arbitrary_a power_n to_o take_v what_o they_o can_v get_v and_o yet_o all_o against_o law_n marriage_n 2._o marriage_n the_o king_n tenant_n shall_v advise_v with_o the_o king_n in_o marriage_n of_o his_o daughter_n sister_n niece_n or_o kinswoman_n and_o his_o widow_n in_o like_a manner_n the_o sense_n hereof_o in_o short_a be_v that_o these_o may_v marry_v at_o their_o own_o will_n without_o pay_v fine_a or_o composition_n to_o the_o lord_n and_o yet_o must_v have_v the_o like_n of_o the_o lord_n so_o far_o as_o to_o declare_v whether_o the_o man_n intend_v be_v his_o enemy_n or_o not_o and_o fit_a to_o perform_v knight_n service_n this_o law_n be_v therefore_o ground_v upon_o the_o present_a distress_n of_o affair_n wherein_o the_o nation_n be_v unsettle_a and_o common_a right_a have_v establish_v a_o mutual_a trust_n between_o lord_n and_o tenant_n find_v out_o this_o mean_n to_o preserve_v the_o same_o for_o if_o the_o marriage_n of_o those_o that_o be_v relate_v to_o the_o tenant_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o may_v inherit_v part_n or_o all_o his_o land_n or_o have_v jointure_n therein_o shall_v be_v leave_v altogether_o at_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o tenant_n or_o his_o widow_n it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o the_o mutual_a trust_n between_o lord_n and_o tenant_n must_v fail_v and_o the_o public_a receive_v damage_n and_o therefore_o if_o this_o custom_n be_v of_o norman_a birth_n it_o be_v beget_v bpon_o a_o saxon_a law_n and_o may_v the_o rather_o be_v own_v by_o the_o english_a dower_n 3._o dower_n the_o widow_n of_o the_o king_n tenant_n have_v child_n shall_v have_v her_o dower_n and_o portion_n so_o long_o as_o she_o keep_v unmarried_a the_o portion_n here_o be_v in_o the_o latin_a word_n maritagium_fw-la which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o marriage_n portion_n give_v by_o the_o husband_n according_a to_o the_o saxon_a custom_n when_o as_o the_o dower_n in_o land_n be_v not_o in_o use_n whereof_o be_v speak_v former_o in_o that_o chapter_n of_o dower_n and_o the_o norman_n be_v necessitate_v to_o introduce_v this_o custom_n of_o they_o with_o themselves_o partly_o because_o it_o be_v a_o privilege_n which_o be_v their_o own_o by_o birth_n and_o it_o can_v not_o be_v wave_v without_o a_o evident_a wrong_n do_v to_o the_o wife_n of_o these_o man_n who_o have_v venture_v their_o life_n in_o that_o service_n but_o principal_o because_o it_o will_v not_o consist_v with_o
time_n and_o occasion_n to_o work_v the_o issue_n which_o doubtless_o be_v much_o and_o have_v be_v more_o have_v the_o norman_a race_n continue_v in_o the_o throne_n but_o fall_v out_o otherwise_o the_o english_a blood_n prevail_v in_o the_o head_n and_o the_o language_n continue_v possession_n mix_v only_o with_o some_o norman_a word_n as_o the_o people_n be_v also_o a_o mix_a people_n so_o as_o the_o language_n be_v change_v though_o it_o be_v alter_v last_o it_o be_v affirm_v that_o the_o norman_n do_v impose_v a_o new_a custom_n call_v coverfeu_n and_o its_o thought_n by_o some_o to_o be_v a_o mere_a vassalage_n that_o every_o man_n at_o the_o noise_n of_o the_o bell_n every_o night_n must_v put_v out_o both_o fire_n and_o candle_n and_o yet_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o so_o small_a concernment_n that_o of_o be_v in_o its_o own_o nature_n convenient_a scotland_n receive_v it_o without_o such_o coercion_n and_o can_v be_v repute_v for_o no_o other_o than_o a_o seasonable_a advice_n which_o any_o corporation_n in_o time_n of_o danger_n may_v order_v within_o their_o own_o precinct_n without_o transgress_v the_o liberty_n of_o the_o subject_n of_o less_o consequence_n be_v that_o change_n which_o be_v allege_v be_v bring_v in_o by_o the_o norman_n in_o the_o seal_n of_o deed_n of_o conveyance_n by_o set_v a_o print_n upon_o wax_n annex_v to_o the_o deed_n which_o former_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v by_o set_v a_o print_n upon_o the_o blank_a at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o deed_n and_o yet_o it_o be_v look_v upon_o by_o some_o as_o a_o trophy_n of_o conquest_n or_o absolute_a government_n concern_v which_o i_o will_v not_o dispute_v whether_o the_o norman_n first_o bring_v in_o this_o course_n but_o shall_v rest_v in_o this_o that_o the_o king_n be_v about_o to_o complete_a the_o unity_n of_o the_o law_n in_o the_o superstructure_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o fundamental_o if_o herein_o and_o in_o some_o other_o particular_n the_o english_a submit_v to_o the_o norman_n they_o likewise_o stoop_v to_o the_o english_a law_n in_o other_o thing_n and_o therefore_o such_o concurrence_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v impute_v unto_o a_o conquer_a power_n but_o unto_o moderation_n among_o a_o company_n of_o wise_a man_n thus_o have_v glance_v at_o the_o change_n of_o property_n law_n tenor_n language_n and_o some_o custom_n we_o come_v to_o that_o which_o be_v the_o main_a occasion_n of_o all_o these_o complaint_n i_o mean_v unlawful_a tax_n afforstinge_n and_o other_o such_o oppression_n upon_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o people_n concern_v which_o i_o purpose_v not_o to_o contend_v for_o much_o thereof_o be_v like_a to_o be_v true_a the_o norman_a king_n especial_o the_o two_o williams_n be_v under_o continual_a occasion_n of_o expense_n many_o war_n more_o provocation_n which_o keep_v they_o ever_o in_o action_n and_o that_o wrought_v their_o spirit_n into_o a_o immoderate_a heat_n little_a inferior_a unto_o rage_n and_o so_o they_o may_v soon_o outreach_v their_o bound_n and_o sit_v heavy_a on_o the_o people_n and_o in_o such_o occasion_n no_o man_n escape_v norman_a nor_o english_a clergyman_n nor_o layman_n nor_o do_v the_o king_n themselves_o come_v off_o such_o gainer_n but_o that_o they_o may_v sometime_o put_v up_o their_o get_n into_o their_o own_o eye_n and_o see_v never_o a_o whit_n the_o worse_o and_o yet_o to_o do_v they_o right_o they_o be_v not_o always_o of_o such_o sad_a influence_n but_o have_v their_o lucida_fw-la intervalla_fw-la especial_o he_o that_o have_v the_o least_o cause_n i_o mean_v the_o conqueror_n who_o certain_o be_v a_o man_n of_o a_o serious_a regard_n and_o do_v not_o only_o remit_v sometime_o his_o rigour_n in_o exact_v where_o he_o ought_v not_o but_o also_o forbear_v to_o require_v that_o which_o he_o have_v some_o colour_n to_o demand_v for_o whereas_o the_o daneguelt_fw-mi be_v leave_v unto_o he_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o annuity_n he_o be_v content_v to_o turn_v it_o into_o a_o sum_n in_o gross_a and_o to_o demand_v it_o only_o cum_fw-la ab_fw-la exteris_fw-la gentibus_fw-la bella_fw-la vel_fw-la opiniones_fw-la bellorum_fw-la insurgebant_fw-la hoveden_n hoveden_n and_o it_o be_v then_o do_v consultis_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la these_o thing_n thus_o consider_v may_v have_v mollify_v somewhat_o the_o pen_n of_o angry_a writer_n and_o where_o they_o fail_v may_v be_v caution_n to_o reader_n to_o consider_v occasion_n and_o disposition_n of_o prince_n and_o so_o long_o as_o law_n hold_v in_o title_n to_o construe_v the_o irregularity_n of_o prince_n to_o be_v but_o as_o step_n out_o of_o the_o path_n to_o avoid_v a_o little_a dirt_n that_o a_o man_n may_v get_v home_o the_o more_o clean_o and_o therefore_o right_o can_v derive_v no_o other_o title_n of_o absolute_a sovereignty_n to_o their_o successor_n then_o to_o hold_v by_o infirmity_n and_o thus_o the_o government_n under_o the_o norman_n at_o the_o worst_a be_v but_o like_o that_o of_o childhood_n follow_v sudden_a and_o present_a desire_n not_o wise_a enough_o to_o plot_v for_o absolute_a monarchy_n nor_o to_o keep_v off_o a_o polity_n which_o still_o root_v underneath_o though_o the_o fruit_n while_o it_o be_v now_o green_a be_v harsh_a and_o unpleasant_a i_o shall_v conclude_v this_o norman_a discourse_n with_o this_o advertisement_n that_o notwithstanding_o the_o word_n conqueror_n and_o conquest_n have_v often_o fall_v from_o my_o pen_n and_o hereafter_o may_v do_v the_o like_a yet_o can_v i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o divers_a succeed_a king_n come_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o argument_n of_o the_o sword_n and_o not_o by_o right_a of_o descent_n may_v not_o deserve_v the_o laurel_n as_o well_o as_o the_o first_o norman_n king_n only_o because_o fame_n have_v fancy_v he_o that_o title_n under_o a_o kind_n of_o prescription_n i_o do_v the_o like_a chap._n lvii_o of_o the_o government_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o steven_n henry_n the_o 2._o richard_z the_o 1._o and_o john_n and_o first_o of_o their_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o disposition_n in_o government_n i_o have_v cut_v out_o this_o portion_n of_o one_o hundred_o twenty_o and_o five_o year_n contain_v the_o reign_v of_o these_o king_n apart_o from_o their_o successor_n in_o regard_n of_o their_o title_n all_o of_o they_o be_v under_o one_o general_a climate_n and_o breathe_v one_o air_n of_o election_n and_o compact_v between_o they_o and_o the_o people_n now_o be_v the_o issue_n male_a of_o the_o stock_n of_o normandy_n quite_o waste_v i_o mean_v in_o relation_n to_o succession_n by_o inheritance_n for_o although_o it_o be_v the_o lot_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o to_o have_v many_o child_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o his_o happiness_n to_o have_v many_o lineal_a nor_o to_o hold_v what_o he_o have_v nor_o of_o they_o all_o be_v there_o leave_v above_o one_o that_o may_v pretend_v to_o the_o crown_n and_o it_o a_o daughter_n who_o be_v the_o great_a grandmother_n to_o all_o the_o succeed_a king_n till_o this_o day_n only_o king_n steven_n steven_n steven_n like_o a_o unruly_a ghost_n come_v in_o upon_o the_o stage_n trouble_v the_o play_n during_o his_o time_n this_o daughter_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o be_v marry_v to_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o four_o and_o survive_v he_o be_v in_o her_o father_n life_n time_n acknowledge_v to_o be_v his_o heir_n the_o sea_n have_v former_o swallow_v up_o the_o remainder_n of_o his_o hope_n unto_o her_o the_o lord_n swear_v fealty_n as_o to_o the_o next_o successor_n in_o the_o throne_n after_o the_o decease_n of_o her_o father_n be_v lead_v thereto_o by_o the_o instigation_n of_o her_o father_n who_o conscience_n tell_v he_o that_o the_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n by_o inheritance_n be_v weaken_v by_o his_o own_o precedent_n himself_o come_v to_o the_o same_o by_o election_n of_o the_o people_n contrary_a to_o the_o title_n of_o his_o brother_n robert_n nevertheless_o this_o be_v not_o the_o first_o time_n that_o the_o english_a crown_n refuse_v to_o be_v wear_v by_o practice_n for_o henry_n the_o first_o be_v dead_a steven_n the_o young_a son_n to_o a_o young_a sister_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o put_v up_o head_n who_o be_v of_o the_o royal_a stem_n a_o man_n and_o a_o brave_a soldier_n by_o the_o ancient_a course_n of_o the_o saxon_n have_v title_n enough_o to_o be_v think_v upon_o in_o a_o doubtful_a succession_n beside_o he_o be_v a_o rich_a man_n and_o have_v enough_o to_o raise_v up_o his_o thought_n to_o high_a undertake_n and_o a_o brother_n a_o bishop_n and_z legate_z to_z the_o pop_z here_o in_o england_n one_o who_o be_v of_o a_o high_a spirit_n and_o vast_a power_n advantage_n enough_o to_o have_v quicken_v a_o much_o dull_a spirit_n than_o his_o be_v who_o be_v the_o son_n of_o a_o daughter_n to_o william_n the_o conqueror_n and_o to_o make_v he_o yet_o more_o bold_a he_o have_v the_o upper_a
sound_v as_o much_o as_o if_o the_o tenant_n be_v bind_v by_o their_o tenor_n to_o aid_v their_o lord_n in_o all_o case_n of_o extraordinary_a charge_n save_v that_o the_o lord_n can_v not_o distrain_v his_o tenant_n for_o aid_n to_o his_o war_n and_o this_o according_a to_o the_o lord_n discretion_n ibid._n ibid._n for_o glanvile_n 8_o glanv_n l._n 9_o c._n 8_o say_v that_o the_o law_n determine_v nothing_o concern_v the_o quantity_n or_o value_n of_o these_o aid_n these_o be_v the_o norman_a way_n and_o savour_v so_o much_o of_o lordship_n that_o within_o that_o age_n they_o be_v regulate_v but_o that_o of_o relief_n be_v a_o ancient_a sacrifice_n as_o of_o first_o fruit_n of_o the_o tenement_n to_o the_o lord_n in_o memorial_n of_o the_o first_o lord_n favour_n in_o confer_v that_o tenement_n ibid._n ibid._n and_o it_o be_v first_o settle_v in_o the_o saxon_n time_n the_o lord_n privilege_n of_o power_n extend_v so_o far_o as_o to_o distrain_v his_o tenant_n into_o his_o own_o court_n to_o answer_v to_o himself_o in_o all_o cause_n that_o concern_v his_o right_n and_o so_o the_o lord_n become_v both_o judge_n and_o party_n which_o be_v soon_o feel_v and_o prevent_v as_o shall_v appear_v hereafter_o another_o privilege_n of_o the_o lord_n power_n be_v over_o the_o tenant_n heir_n after_o the_o tenant_n death_n in_o the_o dispose_n of_o the_o body_n during_o the_o minority_n and_o marriage_n of_o the_o same_o as_o touch_v the_o dispose_n of_o the_o body_n the_o lord_n either_o retain_v the_o same_o in_o his_o own_o power_n 7.10_o glanv_n 7.10_o or_o commit_v the_o same_o to_o other_o and_o this_o be_v do_v either_o pleno_fw-la jure_fw-la or_o render_v a_o account_n 12._o ibid._n c._n 12._o as_o concern_v the_o marriage_n of_o the_o female_n that_o be_v heir_n or_o so_o apparent_a the_o parent_n in_o their_o life_n time_n can_v marry_v they_o without_o the_o lord_n consent_n nor_o may_v they_o marry_v themselves_o after_o their_o parent_n death_n without_o the_o same_o and_o the_o lord_n be_v bind_v to_o give_v their_o consent_n unless_o they_o can_v show_v cause_n to_o the_o contrary_n the_o like_a also_o of_o the_o tenant_n widow_n that_o have_v any_o dowry_n in_o the_o land_n of_o such_o tenure_n and_o by_o such_o like_a mean_n as_o these_o the_o power_n of_o the_o baron_n grow_v to_o that_o height_n that_o in_o the_o lump_n it_o be_v too_o massy_a both_o for_o prince_n and_o commons_o 14._o 14._o of_o the_o power_n of_o the_o last_o will._n it_o be_v a_o receive_a opinion_n that_o at_o the_o common_a law_n no_o man_n can_v devise_v his_o land_n by_o his_o last_n will_n if_o thereby_o it_o be_v conceive_v to_o be_v against_o common_a reason_n i_o shall_v not_o touch_v that_o but_o if_o against_o custom_n of_o the_o ancient_a time_n i_o must_v suspend_v my_o concurrence_n therewith_o until_o those_o ancient_a time_n be_v define_v for_o as_o yet_o i_o find_v no_o testimony_n sufficient_a to_o assert_v that_o opinion_n but_o rather_o that_o the_o time_n hitherto_o have_v a_o sacred_a opinion_n of_o the_o last_o will_n as_o of_o the_o most_o serious_a sincere_a and_o advise_v declaration_n of_o the_o most_o inward_a desire_n of_o a_o man_n which_o be_v the_o main_a thing_n look_v unto_o in_o all_o conveyance_n voluntas_fw-la donatoris_fw-la de_fw-la cetero_fw-la observetur_fw-la and_o therefore_o nothing_o be_v more_o ordinary_a then_o for_o king_n in_o these_o time_n as_o much_o as_o in_o they_o do_v lie_v to_o dispose_v of_o their_o crown_n by_o their_o last_o will._n 3._o m._n paris_n an._n 1216._o hoveden_n an._n 1199._o malmsb._n nov_n l._n 1._o malmsb._n l._n 3._o thus_o king_n john_n appoint_v henry_n the_o three_o his_o successor_n and_o richard_n the_o first_o devise_v the_o crown_n to_o king_n john_n and_z henry_n the_o first_o give_v all_o his_o land_n to_o his_o daughter_n and_o william_n the_o conqueror_n by_o his_o last_o will_n give_v normandy_n to_o robert_n england_n to_o william_n and_o to_o henry_n his_o mother_n land_n if_o then_o thing_n of_o great_a moment_n under_o heaven_n be_v ordinary_o dispose_v by_o the_o last_o will_n be_v it_o then_o probable_a that_o the_o small_a free_a hold_n shall_v be_v of_o too_o high_a esteem_n to_o be_v credit_v to_o such_o conveyance_n i_o will_v not_o be_v mistake_v as_o if_o i_o think_v that_o crown_n and_o empire_n be_v at_o the_o disposal_n of_o the_o last_o will_n of_o the_o possessor_n nor_o do_v i_o think_v that_o either_o they_o be_v thus_o in_o this_o kingdom_n or_o that_o there_o be_v any_o reason_n that_o can_v patronize_v that_o opinion_n yet_o it_o will_v be_v apparent_a that_o king_n have_v no_o sleight_n conceit_n of_o the_o last_o will_n and_o know_v no_o such_o infirmity_n in_o that_o manner_n of_o conveyance_n as_o be_v pretend_v or_o else_o will_v they_o never_o have_v spend_v that_o little_a breath_n leave_v they_o in_o vain_a 5._o glanvil_n l._n 7._o cap._n 1_o &_o 5._o i_o have_v observe_v the_o word_n of_o glanvile_n concern_v this_o point_n and_o i_o can_v find_v that_o he_o positive_o deni_v all_o conveyance_n of_o land_n by_o will_n but_o only_o in_o case_n of_o disherison_n the_o ground_n whereof_o be_v because_o its_o contrary_a to_o the_o conveyance_n of_o the_o law_n and_o yet_o in_o that_o case_n also_o allow_v of_o a_o dispose_n power_n by_o consent_n of_o the_o heir_n which_o can_v never_o make_v good_a conveyance_n if_o the_o will_n in_o that_o case_n be_v absolute_o void_a and_o therefore_o his_o authority_n lie_v not_o in_o the_o way_n nor_o do_v the_o particular_a custom_n of_o place_n discountenance_v but_o rather_o advance_v this_o opinion_n for_o if_o devise_v of_o land_n be_v incident_a to_o the_o tenure_n in_o gavell_n kind_a and_o that_o so_o general_a in_o old_a time_n as_o also_o to_o the_o burgage_n tenor_n 61._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 61._o which_o be_v the_o rule_n of_o corporation_n and_o city_n vbi_fw-la leges_fw-la angliae_fw-la deperiri_fw-la non_fw-la possunt_fw-la nec_fw-la defraudari_fw-la nec_fw-la violari_fw-la how_o can_v it_o be_v say_v contrary_a to_o the_o common_a law_n and_o therefore_o those_o conveyance_n of_o land_n by_o last_o will_n that_o be_v in_o and_o after_o these_o time_n hold_v in_o use_n seem_v to_o i_o rather_o remnant_n of_o the_o more_o general_a custom_n waste_v by_o positive_a law_n then_o particular_a custom_n grow_v up_o against_o the_o common_a rule_n it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o clergy_n put_v a_o power_n into_o the_o pope_n to_o alter_v the_o law_n 587._o m._n paris_n an._n 1181._o hove_v an._n 1181._o decret_n alex._n pap_n hoveden_n foe_fw-mi 587._o as_o touch_v themselves_o in_o some_o case_n for_o roger_n archbishop_n of_o york_n procure_v a_o faculty_n from_o the_o pope_n to_o ordain_v that_o no_o ecclesiastical_a person_n will_v shall_v be_v good_a unless_o make_v in_o health_n and_o not_o lie_v in_o extremity_n and_o that_o in_o such_o case_n the_o archbishop_n shall_v possess_v himself_o of_o all_o such_o party_n good_n but_o as_o it_o last_v not_o long_o so_o be_v himself_o make_v a_o precedent_n in_o the_o case_n for_o be_v overtake_v with_o death_n ere_o he_o be_v provide_v he_o make_v his_o will_n in_o his_o sickness_n and_o henry_n the_o second_o possess_v himself_o of_o his_o estate_n and_o it_o be_v as_o true_a that_o femme_fw-fr covert_n in_o these_o day_n can_v make_v no_o will_n of_o their_o reasonable_a part_n 16._o glanv_n l._n 7._o cap._n 5_o &_o 16._o because_o by_o the_o saxon_a law_n it_o belong_v joint_o to_o the_o child_n nor_o can_v usurer_n continue_v in_o that_o course_n at_o the_o time_n of_o their_o death_n make_v their_o will_n because_o their_o personal_a estate_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n after_o their_o death_n and_o their_o land_n to_o their_o lord_n by_o escheat_n although_o before_o death_n they_o lie_v open_a to_o no_o censure_n of_o law_n but_o this_o be_v by_o a_o especial_a law_n make_v since_o the_o conqueror_n time_n for_o by_o the_o saxon_a law_n they_o be_v repute_v as_o outlaw_n nevertheless_o all_o these_o do_v but_o strengthen_v the_o general_a rule_n 37._o ll._n edw._n 37._o viz._n that_o regular_o the_o last_o will_n be_v hold_v in_o the_o general_a a_o good_a conveyance_n in_o law_n if_o the_o will_n be_v only_o intend_v and_o not_o perfect_v or_o no_o will_n be_v make_v than_o the_o land_n pass_v by_o descent_n and_o the_o good_n hold_v course_n according_a to_o the_o saxon_a law_n 8._o glanv_n l._n 7._o c._n 6._o cap._n 8._o viz._n the_o next_o kinsman_n and_o friend_n of_o the_o intestate_a do_v administer_v and_o as_o administrator_n they_o may_v sue_v by_o writ_n out_o of_o the_o king_n court_n although_o the_o clergy_n have_v now_o obtain_v so_o much_o power_n as_o for_o the_o recovery_n of_o a_o legacy_n or_o for_o the_o determine_n
charter_n and_o other_o statute_n during_o the_o reign_v of_o these_o king_n shatter_v asunder_o by_o broil_n of_o civil_a war_n the_o free_a man_n have_v lay_v aside_o that_o regard_n of_o the_o ancient_a mutual_a covenant_n and_o bond_n of_o decenner_n be_v now_o become_v weak_a and_o almost_o enthral_v to_o the_o lust_n of_o king_n lord_n pope_n and_o english_a clergy_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o tax_n and_o tribute_n be_v many_o and_o new_a although_o most_o of_o they_o deserve_v not_o to_o march_v under_o any_o banner_n but_o the_o colour_n of_o oppression_n nor_o do_v any_o thing_n save_o they_o from_o the_o worst_a tenure_n of_o all_o but_o the_o several_a interest_n of_o those_o superior_a power_n which_o oftentimes_o do_v justle_v with_o one_o another_o and_o thereby_o give_v the_o commons_o liberty_n to_o take_v breath_n so_o as_o though_o for_o the_o present_a they_o lose_v ground_n and_o hunt_v upon_o a_o cool_a send_v yet_o they_o still_o retain_v the_o prey_n within_o their_o view_n sometime_o they_o be_v cast_v far_o behind_o other_o time_n they_o recover_v themselves_o a_o truce_n be_v cry_v and_o law_n be_v make_v to_o moderate_v all_o and_o determine_v the_o bound_n of_o every_o one_o and_o thus_o come_v the_o grand_a charter_n into_o the_o public_a theatre_n the_o historian_n say_v it_o be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o king_n john_n frame_v and_o yet_o by_o compare_v they_o together_o we_o find_v they_o disagree_v both_o in_o word_n and_o sense_n and_o therefore_o shall_v sum_v the_o same_o up_o as_o short_o as_o i_o can_v observe_v the_o difference_n of_o the_o two_o charter_n as_o i_o pass_v along_o the_o first_o chapter_n concern_v the_o church_n of_o which_o sufficient_a have_v be_v speak_v carta_fw-la mag._n carta_fw-la the_o free_a man_n shall_v enjoy_v these_o liberty_n to_o they_o and_o their_o heir_n for_o ever_o 2._o cap._n 2._o the_o heir_n in_o knightservice_n shall_v pay_v the_o ancient_a relief_n 3._o cap._n 3._o that_o relief_n be_v settle_v by_o the_o saxon_n have_v be_v already_o show_v and_o also_o that_o they_o be_v continue_v and_o confirm_v by_o henry_n the_o first_o only_o in_o those_o time_n they_o be_v pay_v in_o horse_n arm_n etc._n etc._n but_o in_o after_o time_n all_o be_v turn_v into_o money_n which_o be_v more_o beneficial_a for_o all_o 1_o cap._n 4._o vide_fw-la stat._n de_fw-fr wardis_n 28_o e._n 1_o lord_n shall_v have_v their_o ward_n body_n and_o land_n after_o homage_n receive_v until_o the_o full_a age_n though_o the_o ward_n be_v former_o knight_v 4._o glanvil_n lib_n 6._o cap._n 1._o &_o 4._o the_o law_n of_o wardship_n may_v seem_v more_o ancient_o seat_v in_o this_o kingdom_n than_o the_o norman_n time_n for_o if_o the_o statute_n of_o scotland_n bear_v any_o credit_n that_o law_n be_v in_o scotland_n before_o those_o time_n the_o lord_n be_v not_o to_o have_v the_o wardship_n before_o they_o be_v possess_v of_o the_o tenure_n because_o it_o be_v they_o as_o a_o fruit_n of_o the_o tenure_n according_a to_o the_o saxon_a law_n concern_v distress_n that_o it_o can_v not_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o lord_n to_o distrain_v till_o he_o be_v possess_v of_o the_o service_n 7._o stat._n marlbr_n cap._n 6_o &_o 7._o and_o if_o by_o fraudulent_a conveyance_n the_o heir_n do_v hold_v the_o lord_n out_o of_o possession_n a_o writ_n of_o ward_n do_v lie_v against_o he_o and_o if_o he_o do_v not_o appear_v the_o lord_n may_v seize_v the_o land_n unless_o in_o case_n of_o wardship_n per_fw-la cause_n de_fw-fr guard_n 3._o stat._n marlbr_n cap._n 16._o &_o prerog_n reg._n cap._n 3._o and_o in_o case_n the_o lord_n will_v hold_v the_o wardship_n long_o than_o the_o full_a age_n of_o the_o heir_n a_o assize_n do_v lie_v against_o the_o lord_n for_o the_o heir_n can_v not_o enter_v without_o livery_n but_o if_o the_o heir_n be_v of_o full_a age_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o ancestor_n death_n the_o lord_n can_v not_o enter_v the_o land_n and_o yet_o he_o shall_v have_v a_o relief_n and_o the_o primer_n seisin_n and_o if_o the_o heir_n enter_v the_o land_n before_o homage_n do_v he_o gain_v no_o free_a hold_n 13._o prerog_n reg._n cap._n 13._o though_o he_o be_v knight_v before_o as_o this_o law_n provide_v for_o it_o may_v seem_v that_o these_o time_n of_o civil_a war_n bring_v forth_o a_o trick_n of_o knight_v betimes_o as_o a_o honourable_a encouragement_n for_o young_a spark_n to_o enter_v the_o field_n before_o they_o be_v complete_a man_n of_o discretion_n to_o know_v whether_o the_o cause_n of_o war_n be_v good_a or_o evil_n and_o yet_o reason_n may_v induce_v a_o conceit_n that_o he_o that_o be_v think_v meet_a to_o do_v knight_n service_n in_o his_o own_o person_n may_v expect_v the_o maintenance_n fit_a for_o the_o ability_n of_o the_o person_n and_o honour_n of_o the_o service_n grantee_n or_o their_o assign_n or_o committee_n of_o wardship_n shall_v preserve_v the_o land_n etc._n etc._n from_o waste_n 5._o cap._n 5._o and_o the_o tenant_n from_o extortion_n they_o shall_v yield_v up_o the_o same_o stock_v if_o they_o receive_v they_o stock_v 6._o cap._n 6._o the_o first_o of_o these_o be_v the_o law_n of_o common_a reason_n for_o its_o contrary_a to_o guardianship_n to_o destroy_v that_o which_o by_o their_o office_n they_o ought_v to_o preserve_v as_o touch_v the_o word_n of_o the_o law_n the_o grantee_n be_v omit_v in_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n and_o also_o their_o assignee_n albeit_o that_o doubtless_o they_o be_v within_o the_o intent_n and_o meaning_n of_o the_o law_n the_o matter_n declare_v plain_o not_o only_a the_o oppession_n of_o lord_n upon_o their_o ward_n but_o also_o the_o corruption_n even_o of_o the_o law_n itself_o that_o at_o the_o first_o aim_v at_o the_o good_a of_o the_o public_a and_o honour_n of_o knightservice_n but_o now_o be_v degenerate_v into_o the_o base_a desire_n of_o profit_n by_o make_v market_n of_o the_o ward_n estate_n and_o marriage_n that_o bring_v in_o strip_v and_o waste_v of_o estate_n and_o niggardly_a neglect_n of_o the_o education_n and_o train_n up_o of_o the_o person_n of_o the_o ward_n and_o a_o embase_v of_o the_o generation_n of_o mankind_n and_o spoil_n of_o time_n nor_o do_v these_o time_n ever_o espy_v or_o provide_v against_o the_o worst_a of_o these_o but_o only_o endeavour_v to_o save_v the_o estate_n by_o punish_v the_o waster_n in_o damage_n by_o this_o law_n and_o by_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o wardship_n by_o a_o law_n make_v in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o 5._o stat._n gloc._n cap._n 5._o and_o this_o as_o well_o for_o waste_v do_v during_o the_o time_n of_o the_o custody_n as_o in_o the_o life_n time_n of_o his_o ancestor_n by_o another_o law_n in_o edward_n the_o fir_v time_n 1._o stat._n de_fw-fr vasto_fw-la 20_o e._n 1._o and_o because_o the_o escheator_n and_o their_o under_a officer_n use_v to_o serve_v themselves_o out_o of_o the_o estate_n of_o minor_n before_o they_o certify_v to_o the_o king_n his_o right_n and_o those_o be_v not_o within_o the_o law_n of_o magna_n carta_n or_o at_o least_o not_o so_o repute_v 18._o artic._n sup_v cart_n cap._n 18._o it_o be_v therefore_o afterward_o provide_v that_o these_o also_o shall_v render_v damage_n in_o a_o writ_n of_o waist_n to_o be_v bring_v against_o they_o the_o marriage_n of_o ward_n shall_v be_v without_o disparagement_n 7._o cap._n 7._o it_o be_v a_o ancient_a law_n among_o the_o german_n and_o the_o saxon_n bring_v it_o hither_o germ._n tacitus_n mor._n germ._n and_o as_o a_o law_n settle_v it_o that_o marriage_n must_v be_v among_o equal_n but_o the_o dane_n and_o norman_n slight_v it_o and_o yet_o it_o continue_v and_o be_v revive_v now_o as_o the_o lord_n have_v the_o tuition_n of_o the_o ward_n instead_o of_o the_o ancester_n so_o have_v he_o the_o care_n of_o the_o marriage_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o the_o ancester_n may_v have_v have_v if_o he_o have_v live_v for_o in_o case_n the_o ward_n be_v steal_v and_o marry_v the_o delinquent_n suffer_v fine_a and_o imprisonment_n or_o if_o the_o ward_n marry_v without_o the_o lord_n consent_v he_o shall_v have_v the_o double_a value_n 6._o s_o at_o merton_n cap._n 6._o and_o hold_v the_o land_n over_o till_o satisfaction_n but_o in_o case_n the_o lord_n marry_v the_o ward_n within_o fourteen_o year_n of_o age_n to_o its_o disparagement_n 7._o cap._n 7._o he_o shall_v lose_v his_o wardship_n thereby_o and_o if_o the_o ward_n refuse_v to_o accept_v of_o a_o marriage_n tender_v by_o the_o lord_n before_o her_o age_n of_o 16_o year_n 22._o west_n 1._o c._n 22._o the_o lord_n shall_v hold_v the_o land_n till_o he_o have_v receive_v the_o full_a value_n and_o in_o case_n where_o one_o tenant_n hold_v of_o
divers_a lord_n the_o lord_n by_o priority_n shall_v have_v the_o marriage_n 16_o west_n 2._o cap._n 16_o these_o law_n be_v in_o use_n during_o the_o reign_v of_o those_o king_n although_o it_o can_v not_o be_v certain_o conclude_v hereby_o that_o the_o wife_n portion_n proper_o belong_v to_o the_o lord_n as_o for_o his_o own_o benefit_n partly_o because_o the_o female_a ward_n shall_v have_v no_o advancement_n if_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o lord_n and_o partly_o because_o this_o forfeiture_n be_v give_v to_o the_o lord_n in_o nature_n of_o a_o penalty_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o frame_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o merton_n 4._o cap._n 8._o vide_fw-la stat._n merton_n cap._n 1_o &_o 2._o prerog_n reg._n cap._n 4._o widow_n shall_v have_v their_o dower_n inheritance_n their_o inheritance_n which_o they_o have_v joint_o with_o their_o husband_n their_o marriage_n free_o and_o their_o quarentine_n with_o due_a regard_n of_o the_o opinion_n of_o other_o i_o shall_v propound_v my_o own_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o the_o king_n be_v within_o this_o law_n as_o well_o as_o within_o the_o former_a law_n of_o the_o norman_n and_o those_o of_o henry_n the_o second_o that_o be_v of_o this_o kind_n and_o as_o he_o be_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o every_o law_n of_o this_o charter_n and_o that_o it_o be_v call_v the_o grand_a charter_n as_o most_o immediate_o come_v from_o the_o king_n to_o the_o people_n and_o not_o from_o the_o lord_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o ground_n that_o the_o law_n shall_v intend_v to_o give_v liberty_n to_o widow_n of_o ward_n belong_v to_o inferior_a lord_n to_o marry_v who_o they_o will_v and_o that_o only_o the_o king_n widow_n shall_v be_v bind_v nor_o do_v this_o suit_n with_o the_o contest_v between_o the_o baron_n and_o the_o king_n that_o their_o widow_n shall_v be_v bind_v unto_o the_o king_n and_o the_o widow_n of_o their_o tenant_n discharge_v from_o their_o tuition_n and_o therefore_o i_o conceive_v by_o the_o word_n maritagium_fw-la be_v not_o mean_v liberty_n of_o marriage_n but_o her_o marriage_n portion_n or_o rationabilis_fw-la pars_fw-la according_a to_o the_o forego_n law_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o and_z henry_n the_o second_o and_o the_o saxon_a custom_n but_o as_o touch_v the_o liberty_n of_o marriage_n it_o be_v define_v and_o express_v that_o the_o widow_n shall_v not_o be_v compel_v to_o marry_v nevertheless_o if_o they_o shall_v marry_v they_o must_v marry_v with_o the_o lord_n like_v 12._o cap._n 9_o glanvil_n lib._n 7._o cap._n 12._o otherwise_o he_o may_v have_v a_o enemy_n to_o be_v his_o tenant_n that_o may_v instead_o of_o homage_n and_o service_n prove_v traitor_n and_o be_v his_o ruin_n last_o touch_v the_o widow_n dwelling_n the_o law_n think_v it_o unreasonable_a that_o she_o shall_v immediate_o after_o the_o death_n of_o her_o husband_n be_v expose_v to_o be_v harbourlesse_a and_o therefore_o ordain_v that_o she_o may_v continue_v in_o her_o husband_n house_n forty_o day_n if_o it_o be_v not_o a_o castle_n and_o then_o she_o be_v to_o have_v another_o dwelling_n assign_v to_o she_o because_o by_o common_a intendment_n she_o be_v not_o suppose_v to_o be_v a_o person_n meet_v to_o defend_v a_o castle_n and_o this_o be_v call_v her_o quarentine_n which_o i_o meet_v not_o with_o among_o the_o saxon_a law_n and_o therefore_o suppose_v it_o be_v of_o norman_a original_a no_o man_n land_n shall_v be_v seize_v for_o debt_n to_o the_o king_n so_o long_o as_o the_o personal_a estate_n will_v satisfy_v 10._o cap._n 10._o nor_o shall_v his_o pledge_n be_v trouble_v so_o long_o as_o the_o principal_n be_v sufficient_a unless_o he_o refuse_v to_o satisfy_v and_o then_o the_o pledge_n shall_v recover_v in_o value_n the_o first_o part_n hereof_o be_v the_o issue_n of_o the_o law_n concern_v elegit_fw-la former_o observe_v in_o the_o saxon_n time_n for_o the_o regard_n of_o law_n principal_o extend_v unto_o the_o person_n next_o unto_o the_o free_a hold_n and_o last_o unto_o the_o good_n the_o latter_a part_n of_o this_o law_n be_v the_o law_n of_o pledge_n or_o decenner_n in_o the_o same_o time_n unto_o which_o the_o reader_n may_v resort_v for_o further_a light_n herein_o the_o city_n of_o london_n and_o other_o city_n burrough_n 11._o cap._n 11._o and_o town_n and_o the_o cinqueport_n and_o other_o port_n shall_v enjoy_v their_o ancient_a liberty_n the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o the_o member_n thereof_o herein_o express_v have_v all_o their_o liberty_n save_v from_o the_o dint_n of_o conquest_n by_o the_o law_n of_o william_n the_o first_o upon_o which_o although_o some_o of_o the_o succeed_a king_n do_v invade_v 192._o seld._n spicil_n foe_fw-mi 192._o yet_o none_o of_o they_o make_v any_o absolute_a disseisin_n although_o disturbance_n in_o some_o particular_n but_o king_n john_n do_v not_o only_o confirm_v they_o by_o his_o grand_a charter_n but_o by_o particular_a charter_n to_o each_o corporation_n with_o some_o enlargement_n and_o in_o his_o grand_a charter_n insert_v one_o clause_n which_o in_o the_o grand_a charter_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o appear_v not_o which_o thus_o ensue_v et_fw-la ad_fw-la habendum_fw-la commune_v concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la de_fw-la auxiliis_fw-la assidendis_fw-la aliter_fw-la quam_fw-la in_o tribus_fw-la casibus_fw-la praedictis_fw-la which_o if_o the_o barbarism_n of_o the_o latin_a mislead_v i_o not_o be_v thus_o in_o english_a and_o to_o have_v right_a of_o common_a council_n or_o to_o be_v of_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o the_o assess_n of_o aid_n other_o then_o in_o three_o case_n aforesaid_a viz._n for_o redemption_n of_o their_o captive_a king_n for_o knight_v of_o the_o king_n son_n and_o for_o his_o daughter_n marriage_n because_o these_o three_o may_v be_v due_a by_o the_o common_a law_n the_o two_o latter_a by_o custom_n the_o former_a by_o common_a right_n although_o mention_v from_o the_o late_a disaster_n of_o king_n richard_n which_o king_n john_n may_v with_o shame_n enough_o remember_v and_o expect_v the_o same_o measure_n from_o the_o censure_n of_o a_o unquiet_a conscience_n i_o shall_v not_o enter_v into_o debate_n concern_v the_o omission_n hereof_o in_o the_o late_a charter_n possible_o it_o may_v seem_v a_o tautology_n nor_o concern_v the_o restriction_n as_o if_o it_o do_v imply_v that_o the_o burgess_n have_v vote_n only_o in_o case_n of_o general_a assessment_n but_o shall_v leave_v it_o to_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o reader_n 12._o cap._n 12._o no_o distress_n shall_v be_v take_v for_o great_a service_n or_o other_o matter_n than_o be_v due_a distress_n be_v in_o nature_n no_o other_o than_o a_o summons_n in_o act_n or_o the_o bring_n of_o a_o man_n to_o answer_v by_o seizure_n of_o part_n of_o his_o good_n and_o it_o be_v use_v by_o the_o saxon_n as_o have_v be_v show_v and_o because_o the_o rich_a man_n under_o colour_n of_o seek_v their_o right_n many_o time_n seek_v for_o wrong_n and_o though_o they_o can_v not_o prevail_v in_o the_o issue_n yet_o prevail_v so_o far_o as_o the_o defendant_n can_v not_o escape_v without_o charge_n and_o hindrance_n 9_o glanvil_n lib._n 12_o cap._n 9_o therefore_o the_o law_n provide_v a_o writ_n of_o remedy_n against_o unjust_a vexation_n which_o glanvile_n remember_v we_o of_o and_o yet_o because_o that_o remedy_n also_o carry_v with_o it_o matter_n of_o charge_n and_o disturbance_n to_o the_o plantiffe_n and_o so_o the_o remedy_n may_v be_v worse_o than_o the_o disease_n therefore_o the_o law_n define_v distress_n by_o circumstance_n of_o person_n matter_n time_n and_o place_n under_o penalty_n of_o fine_a and_o amercement_n beside_o the_o recompense_n to_o the_o party_n first_o 8._o stat._n marlbr_n cap._n 1._o glanvil_n lib_n 9_o cap._n 1_o &_o 8._o it_o must_v not_o be_v take_v but_o by_o leave_n from_o the_o king_n court_n unless_o in_o case_n of_o matter_n due_a by_o common_a right_n and_o upon_o complaint_n make_v by_o the_o plantiffe_n the_o king_n send_v out_o a_o summons_n in_o this_o manner_n henricus_fw-la rex_fw-la ang._n hominibus_fw-la abbatis_fw-la de_fw-fr ramsey_n salutem_fw-la 215._o gloss_n 215._o precipi_fw-la oquod_fw-la cito_fw-la &_o just_a reddatis_fw-la abbati_n domino_fw-la vestro_fw-la quicquid_fw-la ei_fw-la debetis_fw-la in_o censu_fw-la &_o firma_fw-la &_o debitis_fw-la &_o placitis_fw-la quod_fw-la si_fw-la nolueritis_fw-la ipse_fw-la vos_fw-la inde_fw-la constringat_fw-la per_fw-la pecuniam_fw-la vestram_fw-la and_o in_o all_o case_n of_o matter_n due_a by_o common_a right_n 15._o glanvil_n lib._n 9_o cap._n 8._o stat._n marlbr_n cap._n 2_o 3_o 4_o 15._o the_o distress_n never_o be_v do_v in_o a_o arbitrary_a way_n but_o by_o judicial_a act_n in_o the_o lord_n court_n second_o no_o distress_n for_o suit_n shall_v be_v make_v out_o of_o the_o fee_n nor_o against_o any_o person_n but_o such_o as_o be_v of_o that_o fee._n nor_o shall_v any_o distress_n be_v make_v in_o