throughout_o the_o east_n even_o among_o stranger_n that_o a_o european_a who_o have_v live_v there_o a_o long_a time_n find_v much_o difficulty_n to_o re-accustom_a himself_o to_o the_o familiarity_n of_o these_o country_n the_o indian_a prince_n be_v very_o much_o give_v to_o traffic_n they_o love_v to_o invite_v stranger_n among_o they_o and_o they_o protect_v they_o even_o against_o their_o own_o subject_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o siamese_n do_v for_o example_n appear_v savage_a and_o that_o they_o eschew_v the_o conversation_n of_o stranger_n they_o know_v that_o they_o be_v think_v always_o to_o be_v in_o the_o wrong_n and_o that_o they_o be_v always_o punish_v in_o the_o quarrel_n they_o have_v with_o they_o the_o siamese_n do_v therefore_o educate_v their_o child_n in_o a_o extreme_a modesty_n by_o reason_n that_o it_o be_v necessary_a in_o trade_n and_o much_o more_o in_o the_o service_n which_o for_o six_o month_n in_o the_o year_n they_o render_v unto_o the_o 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and_o he_o be_v not_o express_v in_o few_o manner_n and_o when_o they_o speak_v of_o woman_n because_o that_o in_o their_o tongue_n there_o be_v no_o distinction_n of_o gender_n into_o masculine_a and_o feminine_a they_o add_v to_o the_o masculine_a the_o word_n nang_n which_o in_o the_o balie_n language_n signify_v young_a to_o imply_v the_o feminine_a as_o if_o we_o shall_v say_v for_o example_n young_a prince_n instead_o of_o princess_n it_o seem_v that_o their_o civility_n hinder_v they_o from_o think_v that_o woman_n can_v ever_o grow_v old_a by_o the_o same_o complaisance_n they_o call_v they_o by_o the_o most_o precious_a or_o most_o agreeable_a thing_n of_o nature_n as_o young_a diamond_n young_a gold_n young_a crystal_n young_a flower_n siamese_n the_o name_n of_o the_o siamese_n the_o princess_n the_o king_n daughter_n be_v call_v nang_n fa_fw-it young_a heaven_n if_o he_o have_v a_o son_n he_o will_v be_v call_v as_o some_o report_n tchaou_fw-la fa_fw-it lord_n of_o heaven_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o white_a elephant_n which_o mr._n de_fw-fr chaumont_n see_v at_o siam_n and_o which_o be_v dead_a when_o we_o arrive_v there_o have_v attain_v to_o a_o extreme_a old_a age_n yet_o because_o it_o be_v a_o female_a and_o that_o they_o believe_v moreover_o that_o in_o the_o body_n of_o white_a elephant_n there_o be_v always_o a_o royal_a soul_n they_o call_v she_o verbatim_o nang_n paya_n tchang_n pevac_n young_a prince_n white_a elephant_n the_o word_n which_o the_o siamese_n use_v by_o way_n of_o salute_n be_v cavai_fw-fr tchaou_fw-la salute_v the_o word_n which_o the_o siamese_n use_v in_o salute_v i_o salute_v lord_n and_o if_o it_o be_v real_o a_o lord_n that_o salute_v a_o inferior_a he_o will_v blunt_o answer_v raou_fw-la vai_fw-la i_o salute_v or_o ca_fw-mi vai_fw-mi which_o signify_v the_o same_o thing_n although_o the_o word_n ca_fw-mi which_o signify_v i_o aught_o to_o be_v natural_o only_a in_o the_o mouth_n of_o a_o slave_n speak_v to_o his_o master_n and_o that_o the_o word_n raou_fw-la which_o also_o signify_v i_o denote_v some_o dignity_n in_o he_o that_o speak_v to_o ask_v how_o do_v you_o they_o say_v tgiou_n de_fw-fr kindi_n that_o be_v to_o say_v do_v you_o continue_v well_o do_v you_o eat_v well_o but_o it_o be_v a_o singular_a observation_n health_n how_o they_o be_v permit_v to_o ask_v news_n of_o their_o king_n health_n that_o it_o be_v not_o permit_v a_o siamese_n to_o ask_v his_o inferior_a any_o news_n concern_v their_o king_n health_n as_o if_o it_o be_v a_o crime_n in_o he_o that_o approach_v near_o the_o person_n of_o the_o prince_n to_o be_v less_o inform_v thereof_o than_o another_o that_o be_v oblige_v to_o keep_v at_o a_o great_a distance_n their_o civil_a posture_n of_o sit_v be_v as_o the_o spaniard_n sit_v cross_v their_o leg_n sit_v how_o they_o sit_v and_o they_o be_v so_o well_o accustom_a thereunto_o that_o even_o on_o a_o seat_n when_o give_v they_o they_o place_v themselves_o no_o otherwise_o when_o they_o bow_v they_o do_v not_o stand_v but_o if_o they_o sit_v not_o cross-legged_a posture_n their_o posture_n they_o bow_v themselves_o out_o of_o respect_n to_o one_o another_o the_o slave_n and_o the_o servant_n before_o their_o master_n and_o the_o common_a people_n before_o the_o lord_n keep_v on_o their_o knee_n with_o their_o body_n seat_v on_o their_o heel_n their_o head_n a_o little_a incline_v and_o their_o hand_n join_v at_o the_o top_n of_o their_o forehead_n a_o siamese_n which_o pass_v by_o another_o to_o who_o he_o will_v render_v respect_n will_v pass_v by_o stoop_v with_o join_a hand_n more_o or_o less_o elevate_v and_o will_v salute_v he_o not_o otherwise_o in_o their_o visit_n if_o it_o be_v a_o very_a inferior_a person_n that_o make_v it_o visit_n their_o ceremony_n in_o visit_n he_o enter_v stoop_v into_o the_o chamber_n he_o prostrate_v himself_o and_o remain_v upon_o his_o knee_n and_o sit_v upon_o his_o heel_n after_o the_o manner_n that_o i_o have_v describe_v but_o he_o dare_v not_o to_o speak_v first_o he_o must_v wait_v till_o he_o to_o who_o he_o pay_v the_o visit_n speak_v to_o he_o and_o thus_o the_o mandarin_n that_o come_v to_o visit_v we_o on_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n wait_v always_o till_o i_o speak_v to_o they_o first_o if_o it_o be_v a_o visit_n among_o equal_n or_o if_o the_o superior_a go_v to_o see_v the_o inferior_a the_o master_n of_o the_o house_n receive_v he_o at_o the_o hall-door_n and_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o visit_n he_o accompany_v he_o thither_o and_o never_o any_o further_o moreover_o he_o walk_v either_o upright_a or_o stoop_v according_a to_o the_o degree_n of_o respect_n which_o he_o owe_v to_o the_o visitor_n he_o likewise_o observe_v to_o speak_v first_o or_o last_o according_a as_o he_o can_v or_o as_o he_o ought_v but_o he_o always_o offer_v
have_v its_o chief_n which_o they_o call_v nai_n so_o that_o this_o word_n nai_n be_v become_v a_o term_n of_o civility_n which_o the_o siamese_n do_v reciprocal_o give_v one_o to_o the_o other_o as_o the_o chineses_n do_v interchange_v the_o title_n of_o master_n or_o governor_n company_n what_o difference_n there_o be_v between_o a_o band_n and_o a_o company_n i_o have_v say_v that_o the_o siamese_n people_n be_v divide_v by_o band_n rather_o than_o by_o company_n because_o that_o the_o number_n of_o soldier_n of_o the_o same_o band_n be_v not_o fix_v and_o because_o that_o all_o those_o of_o the_o same_o band_n be_v not_o of_o the_o same_o company_n in_o the_o army_n and_o i_o have_v say_v that_o nai_n signify_v chief_a though_o some_o translate_v it_o by_o the_o word_n captain_n because_o that_o the_o nai_n do_v not_o always_o lead_v his_o band_n to_o the_o war_n no_o more_o than_o to_o the_o six_o month_n service_n his_o care_n be_v to_o furnish_v as_o many_o man_n out_o of_o his_o band_n as_o be_v require_v either_o for_o the_o war_n or_o for_o the_o six_o month_n service_n parent_n the_o child_n be_v of_o the_o same_o band_n with_o their_o parent_n the_o child_n be_v of_o the_o same_o band_n with_o their_o parent_n and_o if_o the_o parent_n be_v of_o different_a band_n the_o child_n in_o the_o odd_a rank_n be_v of_o the_o mother_n band_n and_o the_o child_n in_o the_o even_a rank_n of_o the_o father_n provide_v nevertheless_o that_o the_o mother_n be_v nai_n have_v be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o marriage_n and_o that_o he_o have_v give_v his_o consent_n thereunto_o otherwise_o the_o child_n will_v be_v all_o of_o the_o mother_n band._n why_o the_o talapoin_n and_o woman_n be_v exempt_a from_o service_n and_o yet_o be_v register_v and_o why_o thus_o though_o the_o talapoin_n and_o woman_n do_v enjoy_v all_o exemption_n from_o service_n as_o not_o be_v esteem_v soldier_n yet_o they_o cease_v not_o to_o be_v set_v down_o in_o the_o roll_n of_o the_o people_n the_o talapoin_n because_o they_o may_v return_v when_o they_o please_v to_o a_o secular_a condition_n and_o that_o then_o they_o fall_v again_o under_o the_o power_n of_o their_o natural_a nai_n the_o woman_n because_o their_o child_n be_v of_o their_o band_n or_o all_o or_o the_o great_a part_n as_o i_o have_v say_v nai_n the_o advantage_n of_o the_o nai_n it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o nai_n privilege_n to_o be_v able_a to_o lend_v to_o his_o soldier_n soon_o than_o any_o other_o and_o to_o be_v able_a to_o satisfy_v his_o soldier_n creditor_n thereby_o to_o make_v his_o soldier_n his_o slave_n when_o he_o be_v insolvable_a as_o the_o king_n give_v a_o balloon_n to_o each_o officer_n with_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o pagayeurs_n and_o as_o these_o be_v the_o officer_n which_o be_v also_o the_o nai_n every_o officer_n have_v his_o pagayeur_n in_o his_o band._n they_o brand_v they_o on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o wrist_n with_o a_o hot_a iron_n and_o a_o anchor_n over_o it_o and_o these_o sort_n of_o domestic_n be_v call_v bao_n but_o none_o of_o the_o bao's_n or_o pagayeurs_n owe_v to_o his_o nai_n only_o this_o service_n and_o that_o only_o six_o month_n in_o the_o year_n wherefore_o they_o be_v release_v from_o six_o month_n to_o six_o month_n or_o by_o month_n as_o it_o please_v the_o nai_n the_o nai_n have_v also_o some_o office_n in_o the_o law_n as_o we_o shall_v see_v now_o the_o more_o numerous_a his_o band_n be_v the_o more_o powerful_a he_o be_v esteem_v rest_n what_o at_o siam_n be_v the_o dignity_n of_o pa-ya_a ocya_a and_o the_o rest_n the_o office_n and_o employment_n of_o siam_n be_v important_a only_o in_o this_o the_o dignity_n of_o pa-ya_a ocya_a oc-pra_a oc-lovang_a oc-counne_a oc-meving_a and_o oc-pan_n be_v seven_o degree_n of_o these_o nai_n it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o title_n of_o oc-pan_n be_v now_o disuse_v pan_n signify_v a_o thousand_o and_o it_o be_v think_v that_o a_o oc-pan_n be_v chief_a of_o a_o thousand_o men._n meuing_fw-mi signify_v ten_o thousand_o and_o it_o be_v think_v that_o a_o oc-meving_a be_v the_o chief_a of_o ten_o thousand_o man_n not_o that_o in_o truth_n it_o be_v so_o but_o that_o in_o the_o indies_n they_o magnify_v the_o title_n no_o person_n can_v give_v i_o the_o true_a signification_n of_o these_o word_n pa-ga_a ocya_a oc-pra_a oc-lovang_a oc-counne_a nor_o how_o many_o man_n be_v assign_v to_o each_o of_o the_o five_o dignity_n but_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o as_o the_o word_n pan_n and_o meuing_fw-mi be_v term_n of_o number_n the_o rest_n be_v so_o too_o the_o word_n oc_n seem_v to_o signify_v chief_a oc._n of_o the_o word_n oc._n for_o they_o have_v another_o title_n without_o function_n viz._n oc-mevang_a which_o seem_v to_o signify_v chief_a of_o a_o city_n in_o that_o mevaug_fw-mi signify_v a_o city_n and_o in_o that_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o have_v be_v make_v oc-mevang_a before_o he_o be_v effectual_o make_v governor_n who_o they_o call_v tchaou-mevang_a lord_n of_o a_o city_n but_o this_o word_n oc_n be_v not_o siamese_n chief_a in_o siamese_n be_v call_v hova_n it_o this_o word_n be_v not_o siamese_n and_o how_o they_o use_v it_o and_o this_o word_n hova_n proper_o signify_v the_o head_n from_o hence_o come_v hova_n sip_n chief_a of_o ten_o which_o be_v as_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o say_v the_o title_n of_o he_o that_o mount_v the_o elephant_n at_o the_o crupper_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n they_o call_v he_o that_o bear_v the_o royal_a standard_n in_o the_o balloon_n where_o the_o king_n be_v hovapan_n or_o chief_a of_o a_o thousand_o to_o return_v to_o the_o word_n oc_fw-fr a_o superior_a never_o use_v it_o to_o a_o inferior_a thus_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n speak_v to_o oc-pra_a pipitcharatcha_n will_v not_o for_o example_n say_v oc-pra_a pipitcharatcha_n but_o only_o pra-pipitcharatcha_a a_o man_n relate_v his_o own_o title_n himself_o will_v also_o modest_o suppress_v this_o term_n oc_n and_o in_o fine_a the_o inferior_a people_n in_o speak_v of_o the_o high_a officer_n will_v omit_v the_o word_n oc_fw-fr and_o will_v say_v for_o example_n ya-yumrat_a for_o ocya_n yumrat_fw-mi meuing_fw-mi vai_fw-gr for_o oc_n meuing_fw-mi vai_n the_o portuguese_n have_v translate_v the_o word_n pa-ya_a by_o that_o of_o prince_n pa-ya_a of_o the_o word_n pa-ya_a not_o in_o my_o opinion_n from_o their_o right_a understanding_n it_o but_o because_o they_o have_v see_v this_o title_n give_v to_o prince_n and_o that_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n give_v it_o himself_o but_o he_o sometime_o give_v it_o also_o to_o the_o officer_n of_o his_o court_n which_o be_v not_o prince_n and_o he_o give_v it_o not_o always_o to_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o blood_n the_o lord_n of_o the_o great_a mogul_n court_n be_v call_v according_a to_o bernier_n hazary_n dou-hazary_a penge_n hecht_fw-mi and_o deh-hazary_a that_o be_v to_o say_v one_o thousand_o two_o thousand_o five_o eight_o and_o ten_o thousand_o as_o if_o one_o shall_v say_v lord_n over_z so_o many_o thousand_o of_o horse_n though_o in_o reality_n they_o can_v neither_o maintain_v nor_o command_v so_o great_a a_o number_n the_o great_a mogul_n elder_a son_n he_o say_v be_v call_v twelve_o thousand_o as_o if_o he_o have_v the_o effective_a command_n of_o twelve_o thousand_o horse_n it_o be_v no_o strange_a thing_n therefore_o that_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n subject_n be_v esteem_v soldier_n as_o those_o of_o the_o great_a mogul_n be_v esteem_v horseman_n have_v equal_o assume_v in_o both_o court_v the_o term_n of_o number_n to_o express_v the_o high_a dignity_n and_o to_o name_v the_o prince_n themselves_o yet_o i_o can_v affirm_v this_o be_v so_o at_o siam_n by_o reason_n that_o i_o know_v only_o that_o the_o word_n pang_n and_o meuing_fw-mi be_v siamese_n and_o numeral_a term_n but_o as_o to_o the_o other_o name_n of_o dignity_n which_o i_o have_v mention_v some_o have_v inform_v i_o that_o they_o be_v balie_n and_o that_o they_o understand_v they_o not_o i_o know_v that_o in_o the_o country_n of_o laos_n the_o dignity_n of_o pa-ya_a and_o mevang_n and_o the_o honourable_a epithet_n of_o pra_fw-la be_v in_o use_n it_o may_v be_v also_o that_o the_o other_o term_n of_o dignity_n be_v common_a to_o both_o nation_n as_o well_o as_o the_o law_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o six_o dignity_n for_o that_o of_o oc-pan_n be_v obsolete_a siam_n six_o order_n of_o city_n of_o siam_n as_o i_o have_v say_v there_o be_v now_o at_o siam_n six_o order_n of_o city_n which_o have_v be_v ancient_o determine_v according_a to_o the_o roll_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n so_o that_o such_o a_o city_n which_o be_v then_o find_v very_o populous_a have_v a_o pa_n ya_fw-la for_o governor_n and_o such_o which_o be_v less_o populous_a have_v a_o ocya_a and_o the_o rest_n
or_o rather_o his_o antichamber_n do_v expect_v his_o order_n he_o have_v forty_o four_o young_a man_n the_o old_a of_o which_o hardly_o exceed_v twenty_o five_o year_n of_o age_n the_o siamese_n do_v call_v they_o mahatlek_n the_o european_n have_v call_v they_o page_n these_o forty_o four_o page_n therefore_o be_v divide_v into_o four_o band_n each_o consist_v of_o eleven_o the_o two_o first_o be_v on_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o do_v prostrare_fw-la themselves_o in_o the_o hall_n at_o the_o king_n be_v right_a hand_n the_o two_o other_o be_v on_o the_o left_a hand_n and_o do_v prostrate_a themselves_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n this_o prince_n give_v they_o every_o one_o a_o name_n and_o a_o sabre_n and_o they_o carry_v his_o order_n to_o the_o page_n without_o which_o be_v numerous_a and_o which_o have_v no_o name_n that_o be_v impose_v on_o they_o by_o the_o king_n the_o siamese_n do_v call_v they_o caloang_v and_o it_o be_v these_o caloang_v that_o the_o king_n ordinary_o send_v into_o the_o province_n upon_o commission_n whether_o ordinary_a or_o extraordinary_a beside_o this_o the_o forty_o four_o page_n within_o have_v their_o function_n regulate_v some_o function_n their_o function_n for_o example_n do_v serve_v betel_fw-mi to_o the_o king_n other_o take_v care_n of_o his_o arm_n other_o do_v keep_v his_o book_n and_o when_o he_o please_v they_o read_v in_o his_o presence_n this_o prince_n be_v curious_a to_o the_o high_a degree_n read_v how_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n love_v read_v he_o cause_v q._n curtius_n to_o be_v translate_v into_o siamese_n whilst_o we_o be_v there_o and_o have_v since_o order_v several_a of_o our_o history_n to_o be_v translate_v he_o understand_v the_o state_n of_o europe_n and_o i_o doubt_v not_o thereof_o because_o that_o once_o as_o he_o give_v i_o occasion_n to_o inform_v he_o that_o the_o empire_n of_o germany_n be_v elective_a he_o ask_v i_o whether_o beside_o the_o empire_n and_o poland_n there_o be_v any_o other_o elective_a state_n in_o europe_n and_o i_o hear_v he_o pronounce_v the_o word_n polonia_n of_o which_o i_o have_v not_o speak_v to_o he_o some_o have_v assure_v i_o that_o he_o have_v frequent_o assert_v that_o the_o art_n of_o ruling_n be_v not_o inspire_v and_o that_o with_o great_a experience_n and_o read_v he_o perceive_v that_o he_o be_v not_o yet_o perfect_a in_o understand_v it_o but_o he_o design_v principal_o to_o study_v it_o from_o the_o history_n of_o the_o king_n he_o be_v desirous_a of_o all_o the_o news_n from_o france_n and_o so_o soon_o as_o his_o ambassador_n be_v arrive_v he_o retain_v the_o three_o with_o he_o until_o he_o have_v read_v their_o relation_n to_o he_o from_o one_o end_n to_o the_o other_o within_o the_o officer_n which_o command_v the_o page_n within_o to_o return_v to_o the_o forty-four_a page_n four_z officer_n command_v they_o who_o because_o they_o so_o near_o approach_v the_o prince_n be_v in_o great_a esteem_n but_o yet_o not_o in_o a_o equal_a degree_n for_o there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n from_o the_o first_o to_o the_o second_o from_o the_o second_o to_o the_o three_o and_o from_o the_o three_o to_o the_o four_o they_o bear_v only_o the_o title_n of_o oc-meving_a or_o of_o pra-meving_a meuing_fw-mi vai_fw-gr meuing_fw-mi sarapet_n meuing_fw-mi semeungtchai_n mevingsii_n the_o sabres_fw-es and_o poniard_n which_o the_o king_n give_v they_o be_v adorn_v with_o some_o precious_a stone_n all_o four_o be_v very_o considerable_a nai_n have_v a_o great_a many_o subaltern_a officer_n under_o they_o and_o though_o they_o have_v only_o the_o title_n of_o meuing_fw-mi they_o cease_v not_o to_o be_v officer_n in_o chief_a the_o pa-ya_a the_o ocya_a the_o oc-pra_a and_o the_o other_o title_n be_v not_o always_o subordinate_a to_o they_o only_o the_o one_o must_v command_v more_o person_n than_o the_o other_o in_o a_o word_n it_o be_v mevingsii_n which_o accompany_v meuing_fw-mi tchion_n on_o board_n our_o ship_n to_o bring_v to_o the_o king_n ambassador_n the_o first_o compliment_n from_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n and_o it_o be_v to_o he_o that_o meuing_fw-mi tchion_n though_o high_a in_o dignity_n give_v the_o precedency_n and_o the_o word_n because_o that_o mevingsii_n be_v three_o or_o four_o year_n old_a but_o the_o elder_a of_o both_o be_v not_o thirty_o siam_n of_o the_o single_a officer_n which_o prostrate_v not_o himself_o before_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n whilst_o the_o ambassador_n be_v at_o audience_n there_o be_v in_o one_o place_n a_o officer_n who_o we_o perceive_v not_o who_o alone_o as_o they_o inform_v i_o have_v the_o privilege_n of_o not_o prostrate_v himself_o before_o the_o king_n his_o master_n and_o this_o render_v his_o office_n very_o honourable_a i_o forget_v to_o write_v down_o his_o title_n in_o my_o memoir_n he_o always_o have_v his_o eye_n fix_v upon_o this_o prince_n to_o receive_v his_o order_n which_o he_o understand_v by_o certain_a sign_n and_o which_o he_o signify_v by_o sign_n to_o the_o other_o officer_n which_o be_v without_o the_o hall_n thus_o when_o the_o audience_n be_v end_v i_o will_v say_v when_o the_o king_n have_v do_v speak_v to_o we_o this_o prince_n in_o that_o silence_n which_o be_v profound_a give_v some_o signal_n to_o which_o we_o give_v no_o heed_n and_o immediate_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o hall_n and_o in_o a_o high_a place_n which_o be_v not_o visible_a be_v hear_v a_o tinkle_a noise_n like_o that_o of_o a_o timbrel_n this_o noise_n be_v accompany_v with_o a_o blow_n which_o be_v ever_o and_o anon_o strike_v on_o a_o drum_n which_o be_v hang_v up_o under_o a_o penthouse_n without_o the_o hall_n and_o which_o for_o be_v very_o great_a render_v its_o sound_a grave_n and_o majesty_n it_o be_v cover_v with_o a_o elephant_n skin_n yet_o no_o person_n make_v any_o motion_n till_o that_o the_o king_n who_o chair_n a_o invisible_a hand_n do_v by_o little_a and_o little_o draw_v back_o remove_v himself_o from_o the_o window_n and_o close_v the_o shutter_n thereof_o and_o then_o the_o noise_n of_o the_o tinkle_a and_o of_o the_o great_a drum_n cease_v chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o woman_n of_o the_o palace_n and_o of_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o wardrobe_n chamber_n the_o king_n of_o siam_n chamber_n as_o to_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n chamber_n the_o true_a officer_n thereof_o be_v woman_n it_o be_v they_o only_o that_o have_v a_o privilege_n of_o enter_v therein_o they_o make_v his_o bed_n and_o dress_v his_o meat_n they_o clothe_v he_o and_o wait_v on_o he_o at_o table_n but_o none_o but_o himself_o touch_v his_o head_n when_o he_o be_v attire_v nor_o put_v any_o thing_n over_o his_o head_n the_o pourveyor_n carry_v the_o provision_n to_o the_o eunuch_n and_o they_o give_v they_o to_o the_o woman_n and_o she_o which_o play_v the_o cook_n use_v salt_n and_o spice_n only_o by_o weight_n thereby_o never_o to_o put_v in_o more_o nor_o less_o a_o practice_n which_o in_o my_o opinion_n be_v only_o a_o rule_n of_o the_o physician_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o king_n be_v unhealthy_a disposition_n and_o not_o a_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o palace_n the_o woman_n do_v never_o stir_v out_o but_o with_o the_o king_n sister_n of_o the_o late_a queen_n his_o wife_n and_o his_o sister_n nor_o the_o eunuch_n without_o express_a order_n it_o be_v report_v that_o he_o have_v eight_o or_o ten_o eunuch_n only_o as_o well_o white_a as_o black_a the_o late_a queen_n who_o be_v both_o his_o wife_n and_o his_o sister_n be_v call_v nang_n achamahisii_n it_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o know_v the_o king_n name_n they_o careful_o and_o superstitious_o conceal_v it_o for_o fear_v lest_o any_o enchantment_n shall_v be_v make_v on_o his_o name_n and_o other_o report_n that_o their_o king_n have_v no_o name_n till_o after_o their_o death_n and_o that_o it_o be_v their_o successor_n which_o name_v they_o and_o this_o will_v be_v more_o certain_a against_o the_o pretend_a sorcery_n of_o queen_n achamahisii_n be_v bear_v as_o i_o have_v relate_v in_o the_o other_o part_n the_o princess_n daughter_n of_o the_o princess_n his_o only_a daughter_n the_o king_n of_o siam_n only_a daughter_n who_o now_o have_v the_o rank_n and_o house_n of_o a_o queen_n the_o king_n be_v other_o wife_n which_o in_o general_n be_v call_v tchaou_fw-la vang_z because_o that_o the_o word_n tchaou_fw-la which_o signify_v lord_n signify_v likewise_o lady_n and_o mistress_n do_v render_v obedience_n to_o she_o and_o respect_v she_o as_o their_o sovereign_n they_o be_v subject_a to_o her_o justice_n as_o well_o as_o the_o woman_n and_o eunuch_n which_o serve_v they_o because_o that_o not_o be_v able_a to_o stir_v out_o to_o go_v plead_v elsewhere_o it_o necessary_o follow_v that_o the_o queen_n shall_v judge_v they_o and_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v chastise_v to_o keep_v they_o in_o peace_n
they_o be_v innumerable_a at_o the_o isle_n of_o luban_n which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o phillipines_n and_o a_o little_a after_o he_o subjoin_v the_o seguejes_n be_v bring_v from_o the_o isle_n of_o baldivia_n which_o be_v the_o maldiviae_fw-la it_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o say_v how_o far_o the_o use_n of_o this_o money_n extend_v itself_o extend_v how_o much_o the_o use_n of_o this_o money_n be_v extend_v it_o be_v current_a throughout_o india_n and_o almost_o over_o all_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n and_o some_o have_v inform_v i_o that_o it_o be_v receive_v in_o some_o place_n of_o hungary_n but_o i_o can_v hardly_o believe_v it_o by_o reason_n i_o see_v it_o not_o worth_a the_o trouble_n to_o carry_v it_o thither_o it_o break_v much_o in_o the_o use_n and_o as_o there_o be_v less_o of_o it_o it_o be_v more_o worth_a in_o respect_n to_o the_o silver_n money_n as_o likewise_o it_o lour_v its_o price_n when_o there_o arrive_v any_o considerable_a cargo_fw-mi by_o any_o ship_n for_o it_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o merchandise_n the_o ordinary_a price_n at_o siam_n be_v that_o a_o fovan_n or_o the_o eight_o part_n of_o a_o fical_a be_v worth_a eight_o hundred_o coris_n or_o that_o 7_o or_o 800_o coris_n be_v hardly_o worth_a a_o penny_n the_o lowness_n of_o money_n be_v a_o certain_a sign_n of_o a_o good_a market_n or_o rather_o of_o the_o cheapness_n of_o commodity_n chap._n xv._o a_o character_n of_o the_o siamese_n in_o general_n as_o easiness_n of_o live_v consist_v in_o the_o reasonable_a price_n of_o thing_n necessary_a for_o life_n people_n the_o siamese_n be_v good_a people_n and_o as_o good_a manner_n be_v more_o easy_o preserve_v in_o a_o moderate_a easiness_n than_o in_o a_o poverty_n attend_v with_o too_o much_o labour_n or_o in_o a_o over-abundant_a idleness_n it_o may_v be_v affirm_v that_o the_o siamese_n be_v good_a man_n vice_n be_v detestable_a among_o they_o and_o they_o excuse_v they_o not_o as_o witty_a conceit_n nor_o as_o sublimity_n of_o mind_n a_o siamese_n never_o so_o little_a above_o the_o refuse_n of_o the_o people_n be_v so_o far_o from_o make_v himself_o drink_v that_o he_o account_v it_o a_o shame_n to_o drink_v arak_fw-mi adultery_n be_v rare_a at_o siam_n siam_n adultery_n be_v rare_a at_o siam_n not_o so_o much_o because_o the_o husband_n have_v the_o power_n of_o do_v himself_o justice_n over_o his_o wife_n that_o be_v to_o say_v to_o kill_v she_o if_o he_o find_v she_o in_o a_o palpable_a offence_n or_o to_o sell_v she_o if_o he_o can_v convict_v she_o of_o infidelity_n as_o because_o the_o woman_n be_v not_o corrupt_v by_o idleness_n for_o it_o be_v they_o that_o maintain_v the_o man_n by_o their_o labour_n nor_o by_o the_o luxury_n of_o the_o table_n or_o of_o clothes_n nor_o by_o game_n nor_o by_o show_n the_o siamese_n woman_n do_v not_o play_v they_o receive_v no_o visit_n from_o man_n and_o play_n be_v very_o rare_a at_o siam_n and_o have_v no_o appoint_a day_n nor_o certain_a price_n nor_o public_a theatre_n it_o must_v not_o however_o be_v think_v that_o all_o marriage_n be_v chaste_a but_o at_o least_o any_o other_o love_n more_o immoderate_a than_o that_o of_o the_o wife_n be_v they_o say_v without_o example_n jealousy_n be_v among_o they_o only_o a_o mere_a opinion_n of_o glory_n wife_n the_o jealousy_n of_o the_o siamese_n to_o their_o wife_n which_o be_v great_a in_o those_o that_o be_v most_o high_o advance_v in_o dignity_n the_o wife_n of_o the_o people_n manage_v all_o the_o trade_n do_v enjoy_v a_o perfect_a liberty_n those_o of_o the_o noble_n be_v very_o reserve_v and_o stir_v not_o abroad_o but_o seldom_o either_o upon_o some_o family_n visit_v or_o to_o go_v to_o the_o pagode_n but_o when_o they_o go_v out_o they_o go_v with_o their_o face_n uncover_v even_o when_o they_o go_v on_o foot_n and_o sometime_o it_o be_v hard_o to_o distinguish_v they_o from_o the_o women-slave_n which_o accompany_v they_o in_o a_o word_n they_o not_o only_o find_v nothing_o austere_a in_o the_o constraint_n under_o which_o they_o live_v but_o they_o place_v their_o glory_n therein_o they_o look_v upon_o a_o great_a liberty_n as_o a_o shame_n and_o will_v think_v themselves_o slight_v and_o contemn_v by_o a_o husband_n that_o will_v permit_v it_o they_o they_o be_v jealous_a for_o they_o as_o much_o as_o they_o be_v themselves_o woman_n the_o glory_n of_o the_o asiatic_a woman_n there_o be_v not_o a_o virtuous_a woman_n in_o asia_n who_o in_o time_n of_o war_n choose_v not_o rather_o that_o her_o husband_n shall_v kill_v she_o than_o that_o he_o shall_v suffer_v she_o to_o fall_v under_o the_o power_n of_o the_o enemy_n tacitus_n in_o the_o twelve_o book_n of_o his_o annal_n give_v a_o example_n thereof_o in_o zenobia_n the_o wife_n of_o rhadamistus_n the_o husband_n themselves_o do_v think_v it_o the_o most_o shameful_a thing_n in_o the_o world_n to_o they_o that_o their_o wife_n shall_v fall_v into_o the_o enemy_n hand_n and_o when_o this_o happen_v the_o great_a affront_n that_o can_v be_v do_v they_o be_v not_o to_o restore_v they_o their_o wife_n but_o though_o the_o woman_n of_o asia_n be_v capable_a of_o sacrifice_v their_o life_n to_o their_o glory_n there_o cease_v not_o to_o be_v some_o among_o they_o who_o take_v secret_a pleasure_n when_o they_o can_v and_o who_o hazard_n their_o glory_n and_o their_o life_n upon_o this_o account_n it_o be_v report_v that_o there_o have_v be_v some_o example_n hereof_o among_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n wife_n how_o close_o soever_o they_o be_v shut_v up_o they_o do_v sometime_o find_v out_o a_o way_n to_o have_v lover_n some_o have_v assure_v i_o that_o the_o ordinary_a method_n by_o which_o this_o prince_n punish_v they_o be_v first_o to_o submit_v they_o to_o a_o horse_n accustom_v i_o know_v not_o how_o to_o the_o love_n of_o woman_n and_o then_o to_o put_v they_o to_o death_n it_o be_v some_o year_n since_o he_o give_v one_o to_o the_o tiger_n and_o because_o these_o animal_n spare_v she_o at_o the_o first_o he_o offer_v she_o a_o pardon_n but_o this_o woman_n be_v so_o unworthy_a as_o to_o refuse_v it_o and_o with_o so_o many_o affront_n that_o the_o king_n look_v upon_o she_o as_o distract_a order_v again_o that_o she_o shall_v die_v they_o irritate_v the_o tiger_n and_o they_o tear_v she_o in_o piece_n in_o his_o presence_n it_o be_v not_o so_o certain_a that_o he_o put_v the_o lover_n to_o death_n but_o at_o the_o least_o he_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v severe_o chastise_v the_o common_a opinion_n at_o siam_n be_v that_o it_o be_v a_o fault_n of_o this_o nature_n which_o cause_v the_o last_o disgrace_n of_o the_o late_a barcalon_n elder_a brother_n to_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n first_o ambassador_n to_o the_o king_n the_o king_n his_o master_n cause_v he_o to_o be_v very_o severe_o bastinado_v and_o forbear_v to_o see_v he_o yet_o without_o take_v away_o his_o office_n on_o the_o contrary_a he_o continue_v to_o make_v use_n of_o he_o during_o the_o six_o month_n that_o he_o survive_v the_o blow_n which_o he_o have_v receive_v and_o he_o with_o his_o own_o hand_n prepare_v all_o the_o remedy_n which_o the_o barcalon_n take_v in_o his_o last_o sickness_n because_o no_o person_n dare_v to_o give_v he_o any_o for_o fear_v of_o be_v accuse_v of_o the_o death_n of_o a_o man_n who_o appear_v so_o dear_a to_o his_o master_n bernier_n relate_v some_o example_n by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o great_a mogul_n do_v not_o always_o punish_v the_o woman_n of_o his_o seraglio_n that_o offend_v in_o their_o duty_n nor_o the_o man_n that_o be_v their_o accomplice_n with_o death_n these_o prince_n consider_v these_o sort_n of_o crime_n like_o the_o other_o which_o may_v be_v commit_v against_o their_o majesty_n unless_o any_o sentiment_n of_o love_n render_v they_o more_o sensible_a of_o jealousy_n daughter_n the_o jealousy_n of_o the_o siamese_n towards_o their_o daughter_n the_o siamese_n lord_n be_v not_o less_o jealous_a of_o their_o daughter_n than_o of_o their_o wife_n and_o if_o any_o one_o commit_v a_o fault_n they_o sell_v she_o to_o a_o certain_a man_n who_o have_v a_o privilege_n of_o prostitute_v they_o for_o money_n in_o consideration_n of_o a_o tribute_n which_o he_o pay_v the_o king_n it_o be_v say_v that_o he_o have_v six_o hundred_o all_o daughter_n of_o officer_n in_o esteem_n he_o likewise_o purchase_v wife_n when_o the_o husband_n sell_v they_o be_v convict_v of_o infidelity_n men._n their_o respect_n towards_o old_a men._n disrespect_n towards_o old_a man_n be_v not_o less_o rare_a at_o siam_n than_o at_o china_n of_o the_o two_o mandarin_n which_o come_v on_o board_n the_o king_n ambassador_n ship_n to_o bring_v they_o the_o first_o compliment_n from_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n the_o young_a though_o the_o
weakness_n perfidious_a their_o friendship_n be_v perfidious_a their_o manner_n of_o promise_v themselves_o a_o eternal_a amity_n be_v by_o drink_v of_o the_o same_o aqua_fw-la vitæ_fw-la in_o the_o same_o cup_n and_o when_o they_o will_v swear_v themselves_o more_o solemn_o they_o taste_v the_o blood_n one_o of_o another_o which_o lucian_n give_v we_o for_o a_o custom_n of_o the_o ancient_a scythian_n and_o which_o be_v practise_v also_o by_o the_o chinese_n and_o by_o other_o nation_n but_o the_o siamese_n cease_v not_o sometime_o to_o betray_v after_o all_o these_o ceremony_n dull_a they_o be_v natural_o more_o moderate_a than_o we_o be_v because_o they_o be_v more_o dull_a in_o general_n they_o have_v more_o moderation_n than_o we_o their_o humour_n be_v as_o calm_v as_o their_o heaven_n which_o change_v only_o twice_o a_o year_n and_o insensible_o when_o it_o turn_v by_o little_a and_o little_a from_o rain_n to_o fair-weather_n and_o from_o fair-weather_n to_o rain_v they_o act_n only_o by_o necessity_n and_o do_v not_o like_v we_o place_n merit_n in_o action_n it_o seem_v not_o rational_a to_o they_o that_o labour_n and_o pain_n shall_v be_v the_o fruit_n and_o reward_n of_o virtue_n they_o have_v the_o good_a fortune_n to_o be_v bear_v philosopher_n and_o it_o may_v be_v that_o if_o they_o be_v not_o bear_v such_o they_o will_v not_o become_v so_o more_o than_o we_o i_o therefore_o willing_o believe_v what_o the_o ancient_n have_v report_v that_o philosophy_n come_v from_o the_o indies_n into_o europe_n and_o that_o we_o have_v be_v more_o concern_v at_o the_o insensibility_n of_o the_o indian_n than_o the_o indian_n have_v be_v at_o the_o wonder_n which_o our_o inquietude_n have_v produce_v in_o the_o discovery_n of_o so_o many_o different_a art_n whereof_o we_o flatter_v ourselves_o perhaps_o to_o no_o purpose_n that_o necessity_n be_v the_o mother_n but_o enough_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o siamese_n in_o general_a let_v we_o enter_v into_o the_o particular_n of_o their_o manner_n according_a to_o their_o various_a condition_n part_n iii_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o siamese_n according_a to_o their_o several_a condition_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o several_a condition_n among_o the_o siamese_n at_o siam_n all_o person_n be_v either_o freeman_n or_o slave_n siam_n of_o the_o slavery_n according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o siam_n the_o master_n have_v all_o power_n over_o the_o slave_n except_o that_o of_o kill_v he_o and_o though_o some_o may_v report_v that_o slave_n be_v severe_o beat_v there_o which_o be_v very_o probable_a in_o a_o country_n where_o free_a person_n be_v so_o rigid_o bastinado_v yet_o the_o slavery_n there_o be_v so_o gentile_a or_o if_o you_o will_v the_o liberty_n be_v so_o abject_a that_o it_o be_v become_v a_o proverb_n that_o the_o siamese_n sell_v it_o to_o eat_v of_o a_o fruit_n which_o they_o call_v durion_n i_o have_v already_o say_v that_o they_o choose_v rather_o to_o enjoy_v it_o than_o to_o enjoy_v none_o at_o all_o it_o be_v certain_a also_o that_o they_o dread_v beggary_n more_o than_o slavery_n and_o this_o make_v i_o to_o think_v that_o beggary_n be_v there_o as_o painful_a as_o ignominious_a and_o that_o the_o siamese_n who_o express_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o charity_n for_o beast_n even_o to_o the_o relieve_v they_o if_o they_o find_v any_o sick_a in_o the_o field_n have_v very_o little_a for_o the_o men._n they_o employ_v their_o slave_n in_o cultivate_v their_o land_n and_o garden_n employ_v in_o what_o the_o slave_n be_v employ_v and_o in_o some_o domestic_a service_n or_o rather_o they_o permit_v they_o to_o work_v to_o gain_v their_o livelihood_n under_o a_o tribute_n which_o they_o receive_v from_o four_o to_o eight_o ticals_n a_o year_n that_o be_v to_o say_v from_o seven_o livre_n ten_o sol_n to_o fifteen_o livre_n one_o may_v be_v bear_v or_o become_v a_o slave_n one_o become_v so_o either_o for_o debt_n slave_n a_o siamese_n may_v be_v bear_v or_o become_v a_o slave_n as_o i_o have_v say_v or_o for_o have_v be_v take_v captive_a in_o war_n or_o for_o have_v be_v confiscate_v by_o justice_n when_o one_o be_v make_v a_o slave_n for_o debt_n his_o liberty_n return_v again_o by_o make_v satisfaction_n but_o the_o child_n bear_v during_o this_o slavery_n though_o it_o be_v but_o for_o a_o time_n continue_v slave_n one_o be_v bear_v a_o slave_n when_o bear_v of_o a_o mother-slave_n and_o in_o the_o slavery_n belong_v how_o he_o be_v bear_v a_o slave_n and_o to_o who_o he_o belong_v the_o child_n be_v divide_v as_o in_o the_o divorce_n the_o first_o three_o five_o and_o all_o the_o rest_n in_o the_o odd_a number_n belong_v to_o the_o master_n of_o the_o mother_n the_o second_o four_o and_o all_o the_o other_o in_o the_o even_a rank_n belong_v to_o the_o father_n if_o he_o be_v free_a or_o to_o his_o master_n if_o he_o be_v a_o slave_n it_o be_v true_a that_o it_o be_v necessary_a upon_o this_o account_n that_o the_o father_n and_o mother_n shall_v have_v have_v commerce_n together_o with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o master_n of_o the_o mother_n for_o otherwise_o all_o the_o child_n will_v belong_v to_o the_o master_n of_o the_o mother_n the_o difference_n of_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n slave_n from_o his_o subject_n of_o free_a condition_n be_v that_o he_o continual_o employ_v his_o slave_n in_o personal_a labour_n nobility_n the_o difference_n between_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n slave_n and_o his_o other_o subject_n the_o slave_n of_o private_a man_n owe_v not_o any_o service_n to_o the_o king_n of_o the_o siamese_n nobility_n and_o maintain_v they_o whereas_o his_o free_a subject_n only_o owe_v he_o six_o month_n service_n every_o year_n but_o at_o their_o own_o expense_n in_o a_o word_n the_o slave_n of_o particular_a man_n owe_v not_o any_o service_n to_o that_o prince_n and_o though_o for_o this_o reason_n he_o lose_v a_o freeman_n when_o this_o man_n fall_v into_o slavery_n either_o for_o debt_n or_o to_o avoid_v beggary_n yet_o this_o prince_n oppose_v it_o not_o neither_o pretend_v any_o indemnity_n upon_o this_o account_n proper_o speak_v there_o be_v not_o two_o sort_n of_o condition_n among_o free_a person_n nobility_n be_v no_o other_o thing_n than_o the_o actual_a possession_n of_o office_n the_o family_n which_o do_v long_o maintain_v themselves_o therein_o do_v become_v doubtless_o more_o illustrious_a and_o more_o powerful_a but_o they_o be_v rare_a and_o so_o soon_o as_o they_o have_v lose_v their_o office_n they_o have_v nothing_o which_o distinguish_v they_o from_o the_o common_a people_n there_o be_v frequent_o see_v at_o the_o pagaye_o the_o grandson_n of_o a_o man_n who_o die_v a_o great_a lord_n and_o sometime_o his_o own_o son_n talapoin_n of_o the_o priest_n or_o talapoin_n the_o distinction_n between_o the_o people_n and_o the_o priest_n be_v only_o a_o uncertain_a distinction_n see_v that_o one_o may_v continual_o pass_v from_o one_o of_o these_o state_n to_o the_o other_o the_o priest_n be_v the_o talapoin_n of_o who_o we_o shall_v speak_v in_o the_o sequel_n under_o the_o name_n of_o people_n i_o comprehend_v whatever_o be_v not_o a_o priest_n viz._n the_o king_n officer_n and_o people_n of_o who_o we_o now_o proceed_v to_o speak_v chap._n ii_o of_o the_o siamese_n people_n militia_n the_o siamese_n people_n be_v a_o militia_n the_o siamese_n people_n be_v a_o militia_n where_o every_o particular_a person_n be_v register_v they_o be_v all_o soldier_n in_o siamese_n taban_n and_o do_v all_o owe_v six_o month_n service_n annual_o to_o their_o prince_n it_o belong_v to_o the_o prince_n to_o arm_v they_o and_o give_v they_o elephant_n or_o horse_n if_o he_o will_v have_v they_o serve_v either_o on_o elephant_n or_o on_o horseback_n but_o it_o belong_v to_o they_o to_o clothe_v and_o to_o maintain_v themselves_o and_o as_o the_o prince_n never_o employ_v all_o his_o subject_n in_o his_o army_n and_o that_o oftentimes_o he_o send_v no_o army_n into_o the_o field_n though_o he_o be_v at_o war_n with_o some_o of_o his_o neighbour_n yet_o for_o six_o month_n in_o the_o year_n he_o employ_v in_o such_o a_o work_n or_o in_o such_o a_o service_n as_o please_v he_o those_o subject_n which_o he_o employ_v not_o in_o the_o war._n left_a be_v count_v and_o divide_v into_o man_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o on_o the_o left_a wherefore_o to_o the_o end_n that_o no_o person_n may_v escape_v the_o personal_a service_n of_o the_o prince_n there_o be_v keep_v a_o exact_a account_n of_o the_o people_n it_o be_v divide_v into_o man_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o man_n on_o the_o left_a to_o the_o end_n that_o every_o one_o may_v know_v on_o what_o side_n he_o ought_v to_o range_v himself_o in_o his_o function_n band_n and_o by_o band_n and_o beside_o this_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o band_n each_o of_o which_o