the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o some_o part_n of_o it_o though_o other_o upon_o as_o possible_a ground_n assert_v it_o be_v extract_v from_o the_o catalauni_n a_o ancient_a people_n of_o languedoc_n a_o province_n of_o france_n divide_v by_o no_o considerable_a distance_n from_o this_o province_n but_o the_o affirmation_n of_o those_o be_v certain_o the_o most_o proportionate_a to_o reason_n who_o deduce_v it_o from_o gotholonia_n which_o by_o depravation_n of_o dialect_n and_o a_o more_o easy_a pronunciation_n be_v melt_v into_o catalonia_n this_o province_n have_v be_v adopt_v into_o the_o name_n of_o gotholonia_n by_o the_o goth_n as_o have_v be_v one_o of_o the_o first_o province_n of_o spain_n on_o which_o that_o nation_n make_v their_o violent_a and_o successful_a eruption_n the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o this_o province_n be_v the_o castellani_n auxitani_fw-la indigites_n cosetani_n with_o part_n of_o the_o ilercones_n and_o jaccetani_n all_o of_o they_o possessor_n of_o that_o distribution_n of_o spain_n which_o be_v style_v hispania_n tarraconensis_n but_o when_o the_o glory_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n begin_v to_o suffer_v her_o eclipse_n and_o umbrage_n and_o wand_n into_o a_o visible_a declension_n this_o be_v rend_v from_o that_o great_a body_n by_o the_o alani_n who_o not_o long_o after_o be_v subdue_v and_o disseise_v by_o the_o goth_n but_o when_o a_o general_a ruin_n be_v super-induced_a on_o spain_n by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o moor_n this_o sink_v in_o that_o general_a shipwreck_n and_o be_v force_v to_o stoop_v to_o receive_v a_o yoke_n from_o the_o hand_n of_o infidelity_n from_o they_o after_o many_o signal_n struggle_n it_o be_v rescue_v by_o the_o magnanimity_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a who_o have_v reduce_v the_o city_n of_o barcelona_n about_o the_o year_n 801._o settle_v it_o on_o one_o bernard_n a_o frenchman_n with_o the_o title_n of_o earl_n and_o he_o manage_v the_o affair_n of_o this_o province_n for_o that_o emperor_n as_o gothofredus_n his_o successor_n do_v for_o lewis_n the_o godly_a but_o gothofredus_n son_n to_o this_o godfred_n have_v act_v some_o exemplary_a service_n which_o oblige_v charles_n the_o grâ—â—_n to_o some_o grateful_a acknowledgement_n he_o to_o expiate_v this_o engagement_n make_v he_o proprietary_n of_o it_o with_o this_o limitation_n reserve_v that_o the_o year_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n as_o be_v accustom_v to_o be_v perform_v by_o his_o predecessor_n shall_v be_v inscribe_v and_o use_v in_o all_o record_n and_o instrument_n of_o public_a cognisance_n and_o from_o he_o it_o be_v transport_v to_o his_o grandchild_n gothofr_v the_o second_o who_o die_v without_o issue_n his_o uncle_n borellus_n enter_v upon_o the_o possession_n of_o this_o earldom_n and_o in_o his_o line_n be_v it_o so_o successive_o fix_v until_o by_o a_o even_a clew_n it_o descend_v to_o raymond_n the_o five_o who_o by_o match_v with_o petronilla_n daughter_n of_o raymir_n the_o second_o king_n of_o arragon_n be_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o that_o alliance_n invest_v with_o the_o diadem_n of_o that_o kingdom_n and_o knit_v by_o a_o future_a combination_n this_o earldom_n to_o the_o patrimony_n of_o that_o sceptre_n who_o successor_n be_v james_n the_o first_o king_n of_o arragon_n and_o lord_n of_o catalonia_n for_o so_o the_o record_n of_o spain_n seem_v to_o insinuate_v his_o style_n be_v use_v in_o coin_n and_o other_o inscription_n to_o who_o st._n lewis_n king_n of_o france_n by_o resignation_n and_o surrender_v release_v that_o vassalage_n and_o acknowledgement_n which_o be_v due_a from_o his_o predecessor_n to_o the_o diadem_n of_o france_n in_o the_o year_n 1260._o and_o this_o king_n james_n to_o balance_n and_o poise_v the_o merit_n of_o so_o great_a a_o obligation_n by_o a_o proportionate_a compensation_n at_o the_o same_o time_n devest_v himself_o by_o a_o general_a release_n of_o all_o his_o right_n and_o title_n to_o carcassan_n bâ—ziers_n nismes_n and_o some_o other_o considerable_a piece_n in_o france_n in_o timâ—â—_n of_o elâ—er_a inscription_n relate_v as_o appendage_n to_o the_o revenue_n of_o that_o crown_n thus_o have_v i_o represent_v in_o landscape_n how_o catalonia_n become_v twist_v into_o the_o demean_v and_o royalty_n of_o arragon_n where_o it_o constant_o repose_v itself_o until_o the_o year_n 1638._o and_o then_o that_o defection_n from_o the_o crown_n of_o spain_n which_o be_v occasion_v by_o the_o invasion_n of_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o catalan_n as_o be_v pretend_v by_o the_o spaniard_n though_o those_o pretence_n be_v improve_v inflame_v and_o aggravate_v by_o the_o art_n and_o cloudy_a stratagem_n of_o cardinal_n richelieu_n have_v tear_v it_o off_o from_o that_o sceptre_n it_o be_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n model_v and_o fashion_v into_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n but_o with_o a_o reservation_n that_o it_o shall_v still_o be_v under_o the_o patronage_n and_o shelter_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n and_o 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the_o clew_n of_o descent_n transmit_v it_o to_o sancho_n the_o great_a
ingrateful_a and_o unworthy_a tuition_n they_o have_v be_v entrust_v by_o their_o confident_a but_o unwary_a father_n be_v force_v to_o seek_v shelter_n in_o the_o most_o desencible_a place_n of_o the_o great_a forest_n of_o ardenne_n where_o they_o establish_v the_o great_a earldom_n of_o ardenne_n and_o mosell_n divide_v in_o succeed_a generation_n into_o many_o parcel_n of_o which_o this_o be_v one_o who_o the_o first_o earl_n be_v because_o ancient_a record_n be_v dim_a in_o that_o particular_a be_v incertain_a albert_n who_o be_v co-temporary_a to_o hugh_n capet_n and_o match_v with_o irmingrade_a daughter_n of_o charles_n of_o france_n and_o first_o duke_n of_o lorraine_n be_v represent_v in_o very_o old_a register_n to_o have_v be_v earl_n of_o this_o province_n and_o he_o be_v grandfather_n and_o as_o some_o author_n assert_v father_n to_o â—eter_a earl_n of_o namur_n in_o who_o the_o male_a line_n determine_v so_o that_o his_o daughter_n and_o heir_n by_o espousang_n henry_n the_o second_o son_n of_o baldwin_n the_o eight_o earl_n of_o flanders_n and_o hainault_n which_o henry_n be_v emperor_n of_o constantinople_n likewise_o after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o elder_a brother_n baldwin_n the_o nine_o earl_n of_o flanders_n and_o hainault_n bring_v this_o earldom_n into_o that_o family_n and_o from_o he_o it_o descend_v to_o yoland_n his_o daughter_n who_o wed_v peter_n earl_n of_o auxerre_n who_o also_o succeed_v his_o father_n in_o law_n henry_n in_o the_o empire_n of_o constantinople_n and_o he_o support_v by_o a_o right_o derive_v from_o she_o be_v entitle_v to_o this_o earldom_n and_o upon_o his_o decease_n philip_n his_o young_a son_n as_o be_v then_o in_o the_o netherlands_o enter_v upon_o it_o as_o earl_n but_o he_o die_v without_o issue_n john_n his_o elder_a brother_n who_o at_o his_o father_n decease_n be_v at_o constantinople_n and_o there_o make_v his_o claim_n be_v entitle_v to_o it_o but_o he_o likewise_o make_v his_o exit_fw-la without_o 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and_o from_o he_o it_o descend_v to_o his_o grandchild_n john_n the_o six_o who_o in_o the_o year_n 1429._o pass_v away_o his_o estate_n here_o in_o reversion_n to_o philip_n the_o good_a to_o be_v enjoy_v by_o he_o on_o the_o decease_n of_o his_o next_o heir_n theodore_n who_o be_v infirm_a and_o go_v out_o without_o issue_n it_o according_o augment_v the_o revenue_n of_o philip_n the_o good_a and_o from_o he_o have_v the_o step_n of_o several_a descent_n carry_v down_o the_o title_n and_o propriety_n to_o philip_n the_o four_o now_o king_n of_o spain_n luxenbourg_n luxnbourg_n be_v environ_v on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o moselle_n and_o the_o land_n of_o trier_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o maes_n and_o the_o forest_n of_o ardenne_n on_o the_o north_n with_o luickland_n namur_n and_o a_o part_n of_o hainault_n and_o on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o duchy_n of_o lorraine_n it_o have_v borrow_v this_o name_n from_o the_o castle_n near_o the_o town_n of_o luxenbourg_n select_v by_o 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duke_n of_o brabant_n for_o the_o duchy_n of_o limbourg_n this_o province_n descend_v to_o his_o son_n and_o heir_n henry_n the_o second_o who_o by_o the_o influence_n and_o procurement_n of_o his_o brother_n baldwin_n elector_n of_o trier_n emperor_n of_o germany_n and_o he_o have_v issue_n john_n who_o match_v with_o elizabeth_n daughter_n of_o wenceslaus_n the_o elder_a king_n of_o bohemia_n the_o respect_n have_v to_o that_o alliance_n be_v so_o operative_a upon_o that_o nation_n that_o he_o be_v in_o the_o life_n time_n of_o his_o father_n by_o their_o election_n advance_v to_o the_o sceptre_n of_o that_o nation_n and_o he_o have_v issue_n charles_n who_o be_v emperor_n of_o germany_n the_o four_o of_o that_o name_n and_o likewise_o king_n of_o bohemia_n and_o wenceslaus_n the_o first_o who_o be_v create_v duke_n of_o luxenbourg_n by_o his_o brother_n charles_n the_o emperor_n to_o enlarge_v and_o multiply_v the_o grandeur_n of_o their_o family_n but_o he_o decease_a without_o a_o 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be_v remarry_v to_o john_n the_o three_o earl_n of_o hainault_n and_o holland_n but_o have_v issue_n by_o neither_o of_o they_o she_o by_o sale_n convey_v her_o concernment_n in_o this_o duchy_n to_o philip_n the_o good_a duke_n of_o burgundy_n 〈◊〉_d who_o several_a descent_n have_v conduct_v the_o 〈◊〉_d down_o to_o philip_n the_o four_o now_o king_n of_o 〈◊〉_d brabant_n brabant_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o luickland_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o river_n scheld_v and_o a_o part_n of_o flanders_n on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o maes_n which_o separate_v it_o from_o holland_n and_o guelderland_n and_o on_o the_o south_n with_o hainault_n namur_n and_o a_o branch_n of_o guelderland_n the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o this_o province_n be_v the_o aduatici_n and_o some_o part_n of_o the_o tungri_n by_o the_o roman_n repute_v a_o limb_n of_o that_o province_n call_v germania_n secunda_fw-la and_o by_o the_o french_a a_o province_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o east-france_n or_o austrasia_n the_o southern_a part_n thereof_o confine_v on_o hainault_n be_v subservient_fw-fr to_o the_o command_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o ardenne_n the_o northern_a part_n extend_v towards_o the_o sea_n be_v miserable_o harrass_v with_o the_o depredation_n of_o the_o dane_n and_o norman_n and_o therefore_o for_o their_o future_a indemnity_n be_v commit_v to_o the_o custody_n and_o protection_n of_o one_o who_o have_v the_o title_n of_o lord_n warden_n of_o the_o march_n but_o long_o these_o robber_n have_v not_o lay_v this_o province_n desolate_a with_o their_o wild_a depopulation_n when_o their_o rapine_n meet_v with_o a_o just_a expiation_n for_o theodebert_n son_n of_o theodorick_n first_o king_n of_o austrasia_n accompany_v with_o utilo_n a_o boiarian_a prince_n so_o check_v their_o insolence_n and_o retrench_v their_o eruption_n by_o seve_v all_o defeat_n that_o theodorick_n at_o the_o request_n of_o his_o son_n theodebert_n to_o balance_v
duke_n of_o lorraine_n the_o indisputable_a heir_n of_o the_o house_n of_o ardenne_n be_v engage_v to_o a_o necessary_a absence_n by_o the_o holy_a war._n but_o when_o and_o by_o who_o it_o be_v aâ—orned_v with_o the_o title_n of_o a_o earldom_n certain_a it_o be_v that_o of_o a_o earldom_n it_o be_v erect_v to_o a_o dukedom_n by_o the_o emperor_n frederick_n barbarossa_n anno_fw-la 1172._o henry_n one_o of_o the_o duke_n hereof_o match_v his_o daughter_n margaret_n to_o godfrey_n the_o three_o duke_n of_o brabant_n which_o suggest_v to_o his_o successor_n some_o specious_a colour_n to_o pretend_v unto_o it_o support_v with_o a_o title_n of_o more_o authority_n which_o come_v in_o to_o reinforce_v the_o former_a on_o the_o decease_n of_o another_o henry_n the_o last_o duke_n of_o limbourg_n who_o next_o heir_n adolph_n convey_v it_o to_o john_n duke_n who_o fortify_v his_o claim_n and_o title_n to_o it_o by_o a_o colourable_a pretence_n and_o right_o derive_v from_o the_o former_a match_n anno_fw-la 1293._o but_o reynald_n earl_n of_o gelder_n be_v blow_v up_o with_o a_o overween_a conceit_n that_o his_o title_n be_v establish_v and_o erect_v on_o a_o better_a foundation_n than_o that_o of_o adolph_n in_o right_a of_o ermingrade_a his_o wife_n daughter_n to_o herman_n a_o late_a duke_n thereof_o cast_v in_o his_o challenge_n to_o this_o dukedom_n and_o attempt_v to_o evict_v the_o title_n by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o sword_n but_o this_o be_v ruinous_a and_o destructive_a to_o he_o for_o be_v subdue_v and_o make_v captive_a by_o the_o say_a duke_n john_n in_o the_o battle_n of_o worancan_n he_o be_v force_v to_o redeem_v his_o liberty_n by_o no_o less_o a_o price_n or_o ransom_n than_o his_o total_a release_n to_o all_o title_n or_o claim_n that_o he_o or_o his_o successor_n may_v pretend_v to_o the_o dukedom_n of_o limbourg_n after_o which_o it_o be_v so_o fold_v up_o in_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o brabant_n that_o it_o come_v over_o with_o it_o to_o the_o house_n of_o burgundy_n and_o from_o that_o again_o to_o own_o ever_o since_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o spanish_a monarchy_n gelder_n zutphen_n and_o groan_v guelderland_n be_v shut_v in_o on_o the_o east_n with_o cleve_n and_o the_o earldom_n of_o zutphen_n on_o the_o west_n with_o holland_n and_o utrecht_n on_o the_o north_n with_o over_o issell_n and_o the_o zuyder-sea_n and_o on_o the_o south_n with_o brabant_n and_o the_o land_n of_o gulick_n the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o guelderland_n be_v the_o menapii_n and_o sicambri_n people_n very_o eminent_a in_o ancient_a record_n for_o their_o magnanimity_n and_o courage_n in_o age_n of_o a_o more_o modern_a inscription_n these_o sicambri_n mingle_v with_o the_o french_a and_o under_o that_o name_n and_o notion_n be_v entitle_v to_o the_o spread_a empire_n of_o the_o west_n in_o the_o partage_n thereof_o by_o the_o posterity_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a this_o province_n be_v knit_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o austrasia_n or_o east-france_n and_o afterward_o be_v break_v off_o be_v unite_v to_o the_o german_a empire_n at_o the_o beginning_n of_o its_o government_n the_o public_a astâ—iâ—s_n be_v sway_v and_o wield_v by_o some_o who_o enjoy_v no_o other_o title_n but_o guardian_n and_o protector_n and_o be_v advance_v to_o that_o dignity_n by_o the_o people_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o charles_n the_o bald_a the_o first_o who_o be_v embellish_v with_o this_o title_n be_v wickard_n and_o leopold_n two_o brethren_n who_o fix_v their_o chief_a residence_n in_o the_o castle_n of_o gelder_n give_v a_o occasion_n to_o future_a age_n to_o impose_v the_o name_n of_o gueldâ—rland_n on_o the_o whole_a province_n but_o they_o and_o their_o successor_n be_v support_v by_o a_o power_n of_o so_o narrow_a a_o circumscription_n that_o in_o effect_v their_o office_n be_v but_o provincial_n they_o themselves_o be_v accountable_a to_o the_o emperor_n how_o they_o manage_v the_o public_a concernment_n of_o this_o province_n the_o first_o prince_n who_o disengage_v from_o the_o shackle_n of_o these_o restraint_n be_v otho_n of_o nassaw_n who_o match_v with_o aleida_n daughter_n to_o wickard_n the_o last_o guardian_n and_o be_v by_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o three_o make_v the_o first_o earl_n of_o guelderland_n and_o under_o this_o style_n and_o title_n his_o successor_n continue_v until_o the_o emperor_n lewis_n of_o bavaria_n improve_v this_o dignity_n in_o the_o person_n of_o reynold_n the_o second_o to_o the_o degree_n of_o a_o duke_n about_o the_o year_n 1339._o and_o from_o he_o do_v it_o descend_v to_o his_o son_n edward_n the_o offspring_n of_o his_o second_o wife_n eleanor_n daughter_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o king_n of_o england_n and_o he_o decease_a without_o issue_n mary_n his_o sister_n by_o match_v with_o williamâ—arl_n â—arl_z of_o gulick_n bring_v both_o the_o patrimony_n and_o ducal_z crown_n of_o this_o province_n to_o be_v possess_v bâ—_n he_o and_o his_o two_o son_n william_n and_o reynold_n the_o four_o successive_o enjoy_v it_o but_o they_o die_v without_o issue_n arnold_n of_o egmond_n son_n of_o john_n lord_n of_o egmond_n and_o mary_n his_o wife_n daughter_n of_o joan_n the_o sister_n of_o william_n and_o raynold_n the_o two_o last_o duke_n as_o heir_n general_n possess_v himself_o of_o guelderland_n but_o in_o the_o declension_n of_o his_o age_n be_v worry_v by_o his_o unnatural_a son_n adolph_n with_o war_n and_o imprisonment_n he_o be_v in_o this_o agony_n support_v by_o charles_n the_o warlike_a duke_n of_o burgundy_n who_o rescue_v he_o from_o his_o son_n and_o release_v he_o â—rom_o his_o fetter_n and_o he_o to_o balance_n â—o_o signal_n a_o favour_n convey_v his_o interest_n in_o guelderland_n and_o zutphen_n to_o this_o duke_n which_o contract_n be_v after_o much_o contest_v and_o effusion_n of_o blood_n ratify_v to_o charles_n the_o five_o by_o his_o second_o son_n arnold_n and_o according_o the_o province_n of_o guelderland_n and_o zutphen_n be_v by_o a_o voluntary_a resignation_n surrender_v to_o charles_n the_o five_o and_o from_o he_o the_o title_n devolve_v to_o his_o son_n philâ—p_n the_o second_o king_n of_o spain_n in_o who_o it_o be_v lodge_v until_o the_o barbarous_a cruelty_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o alva_n engage_v most_o of_o the_o belgic_a province_n to_o a_o revolt_n or_o defection_n and_o the_o prudential_n conduct_v of_o maurice_n prince_n have_v much_o extend_v the_o conquest_n of_o the_o confederate_a state_n most_o of_o this_o province_n be_v by_o his_o successful_a achievement_n annex_v to_o their_o unite_a patrimony_n zutphen_n zutphen_n be_v ancient_o a_o earldom_n of_o itself_o without_o any_o connexion_n or_o dependence_n on_o the_o fortune_n or_o seignory_n of_o guelderland_n and_o remain_v in_o this_o capacity_n until_o it_o devolve_v to_o be_v the_o patrimony_n of_o wickman_n the_o last_o earl_n who_o determine_v in_o sophia_n his_o sole_a daughter_n and_o heir_n who_o by_o match_v with_o otho_n first_o earl_n of_o guelderland_n fasten_v it_o to_o that_o province_n and_o so_o it_o continue_v after_o this_o subservient_fw-fr to_o the_o command_n of_o the_o successive_a earl_n and_o duke_n and_o when_o arnold_n the_o last_o duke_n of_o guelderland_n convey_v all_o his_o interest_n to_o charles_n the_o five_o this_o be_v wrap_v up_o in_o the_o purchase_n and_o remain_v under_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sceptre_n of_o spain_n until_o the_o defection_n of_o holland_n and_o other_o province_n from_o that_o crown_n and_o then_o about_o the_o year_n 1590._o it_o be_v by_o prince_n maurice_n and_o the_o army_n of_o the_o unite_a state_n by_o conquest_n tear_v from_o the_o spanish_a patrimony_n and_o have_v ever_o since_o remain_v link_v in_o confederacy_n with_o those_o combine_a province_n groin_v groin_v both_o city_n and_o province_n do_v in_o elder_a time_n confess_v no_o other_o seignory_n but_o of_o that_o of_o the_o bishop_n of_o utrecht_n but_o he_o either_o by_o want_n of_o power_n of_o inadvertency_n be_v remiss_a in_o assert_v their_o liberty_n against_o foreign_a eruption_n they_o submit_v to_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o guelderland_n but_o these_o prince_n be_v disturb_v in_o their_o new_a acquist_n by_o the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n who_o by_o a_o pretend_a claim_n entitle_v themselves_o to_o the_o propriety_n of_o it_o during_o which_o disorder_n and_o emotion_n it_o be_v surprise_v by_o ezardus_n the_o earl_n of_o east-frizeland_a who_o about_o 1514._o convey_v his_o usurp_v interest_n here_o to_o the_o duke_n of_o gelder_n the_o just_a proprietary_n of_o it_o afterwad_v they_o resign_v themselves_o up_o with_o a_o reservation_n of_o their_o ancient_a liberty_n to_o charles_n the_o five_o which_o be_v menace_v to_o be_v overwhelm_v by_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o spâ—niard_n they_o combine_a 1594._o with_o holland_n in_o â—â—ion_n and_o remain_v yet_o wrap_v up_o in_o that_o confederacy_n holland_n zealand_n and_o
be_v subservient_fw-fr still_a to_o those_o who_o have_v the_o empire_n of_o the_o west_n but_o when_o the_o house_n of_o charleâ—aigue_n degenerate_v and_o suffer_v the_o imperial_a diadem_n to_o be_v ravish_v from_o their_o head_n after_o the_o year_n 900._o a_o eager_a dispute_n be_v manage_v by_o the_o continuance_n of_o fifty_o year_n betwixt_o the_o italian_a and_o german_a prince_n in_o relation_n to_o the_o possession_n and_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o empire_n in_o fine_a the_o german_n prevail_v in_o the_o person_n of_o otho_n the_o first_o and_o his_o successor_n have_v design_v and_o fix_v their_o seat_n of_o power_n and_o government_n in_o the_o empire_n they_o afterward_o be_v entangle_v in_o several_a contention_n with_o the_o papacy_n which_o so_o much_o retrencheâ—_n and_o contract_v their_o authority_n that_o their_o power_n in_o italy_n begin_v sensible_o to_o crumble_v away_o and_o a_o considerable_a part_n of_o lombardy_n slip_v out_o of_o their_o dominion_n and_o some_o seignory_n choose_v to_o themselves_o italian_a lord_n and_o some_o elect_a liberty_n and_o a_o popular_a government_n in_o these_o confusion_n milan_n and_o its_o appendant_a territory_n put_v itself_o under_o the_o patronage_n and_o protection_n of_o otho_n its_o archbishop_n descend_v from_o the_o viscount_n of_o angleria_n a_o place_n of_o a_o narrow_a circuit_n in_o this_o duchy_n but_o after_o his_o decease_n matthew_n brother_n son_n to_o this_o archbishop_n be_v confirm_v in_o the_o government_n of_o milan_n by_o albert_n emperor_n of_o germany_n but_o under_o no_o other_o notion_n or_o title_n than_o that_o narrow_a one_o only_o of_o commander_n for_o still_o it_o seem_v the_o skeleton_n of_o sovereignty_n be_v deposit_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o emperor_n though_o those_o nerve_n and_o muscle_n which_o shall_v make_v it_o act_v vigorous_o and_o move_v regular_o be_v rend_v off_o and_o from_o he_o do_v the_o same_o command_n devolve_v to_o his_o son_n galeazzo_n visconti_n who_o because_o he_o exercise_v this_o authority_n without_o the_o approbation_n of_o lewis_n of_o bavaria_n the_o emperor_n he_o be_v disseise_v of_o his_o power_n and_o expulse_v but_o his_o son_n actio_fw-la visconti_n be_v reinve_v in_o that_o command_n from_o which_o his_o father_n have_v be_v dislodge_v by_o the_o same_o lewis_n but_o after_o his_o exit_fw-la the_o same_o command_n be_v successive_o manage_v by_o his_o two_o uncle_n luchino_n and_o john_n visconti_n young_a brother_n to_o his_o fâ—ther_n galeazzo_n and_o after_o their_o extinction_n the_o government_n of_o this_o state_n be_v dispense_v and_o sway_v by_o galeazzo_n the_o second_o son_n of_o stephen_n who_o likewise_o be_v a_o young_a brother_n of_o these_o two_o but_o embellish_v with_o no_o other_o title_n but_o that_o of_o commander_n of_o milan_n and_o here_o this_o appellation_n expire_v with_o he_o and_o be_v entomb_v in_o his_o urn_n for_o after_o his_o decase_n john_n galeazzo_n visconti_n son_n of_o galeazzo_n the_o first_o abovementioned_a come_v to_o grasp_v the_o command_n of_o this_o province_n by_o the_o benefaction_n and_o munificence_n of_o the_o emperor_n wenceslaus_n about_o the_o year_n 1395._o as_o some_o compute_v or_o about_o the_o year_n 1397._o as_o other_o calculate_v receive_v his_o investiture_n into_o the_o state_n of_o milan_n with_o the_o more_o splendid_a title_n of_o duke_n which_o be_v successive_o enjoy_v by_o his_o two_o son_n john_n maria_n who_o in_o a_o popular_a sedition_n fall_v a_o early_a oblation_n to_o the_o disorder_n and_o fury_n of_o the_o vulgar_a and_o philip_n maria_n who_o likewise_o make_v his_o exit_fw-la without_o issue_n so_o that_o the_o right_n of_o inheritance_n be_v lodge_v in_o valentina_n their_o sister_n and_o heir_n who_o about_o the_o year_n 1398._o be_v match_v to_o lewis_n duke_n of_o orleans_n son_n to_o charles_n the_o five_o king_n of_o france_n and_o by_o the_o contract_n of_o matrimony_n it_o be_v manifest_v and_o declare_v that_o upon_o defailance_n of_o the_o masculine_a line_n of_o galeazzo_n the_o child_n of_o valentina_n shall_v be_v invest_v in_o the_o succession_n of_o this_o duchy_n notwithstanding_o this_o clause_n have_v this_o emient_a defect_n that_o this_o duchy_n be_v establish_v a_o masculine_a fee_n galeazzo_n can_v not_o make_v it_o feminine_a without_o the_o emperor_n grant_v or_o licence_n which_o be_v not_o demand_v or_o require_v because_o the_o empire_n be_v then_o vacant_a by_o the_o degradation_n of_o wenceslaus_n who_o the_o elector_n have_v devest_v and_o depose_v because_o of_o his_o dull_a and_o sluggish_a administration_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o empire_n but_o it_o be_v assert_v by_o the_o french_a that_o pope_n benedict_n the_o thirteen_o who_o then_o hold_v his_o see_n at_o avignon_n ratify_v and_o approve_v the_o abovementioned_a contract_n for_o that_o right_o the_o pope_n challenge_n in_o the_o vacancy_n of_o the_o empire_n but_o this_o succession_n fall_v in_o the_o confusion_n of_o france_n under_o charles_n the_o seven_o when_o the_o two_o son_n of_o valentina_n charles_n duke_n of_o orleans_n and_o john_n count_n of_o angoâ—lesme_fw-fr be_v captive_a in_o england_n where_o the_o first_o continue_v twenty_o five_o year_n and_o the_o last_o almost_o thirty_o it_o be_v a_o design_n of_o not_o much_o difficulty_n for_o francis_n sforza_n a_o man_n of_o a_o vigorous_a resolution_n and_o a_o deep_a speculation_n who_o have_v wed_v bona_n natural_a daughter_n to_o philip_n maria_n the_o last_o duke_n of_o milan_n abovementioned_a in_o that_o interval_n of_o time_n and_o the_o desolation_n of_o the_o house_n of_o orleans_n to_o surprise_v and_o seize_v the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n of_o which_o he_o have_v procure_v and_o obtain_v a_o investiture_n of_o the_o emperor_n frederick_n the_o four_o but_o this_o do_v not_o so_o supersede_n the_o intâ—insique_n right_o of_o the_o house_n of_o orleans_n but_o lewis_n the_o twelve_o come_v to_o be_v king_n of_o france_n about_o the_o year_n 1498._o so_o powerful_o prosecute_v his_o right_n that_o he_o expulse_v lodowick_n sforza_n who_o hâ—d_n by_o a_o clandestine_v assassination_n destroy_v his_o two_o nephew_n the_o son_n of_o his_o brother_n francis_n abovesaid_a entrust_v to_o his_o guardianship_n and_o protection_n and_o violent_o ravish_v away_o the_o possession_n of_o this_o duchy_n and_o have_v make_v he_o his_o prisoner_n carry_v he_o into_o france_n where_o he_o die_v in_o captivity_n in_o the_o tower_n of_o loches_n lewis_n remain_v thus_o master_n of_o this_o duchy_n to_o secure_v his_o claim_n and_o fortify_v his_o title_n he_o obtain_v two_o investiture_n of_o the_o emperor_n maximilian_n the_o first_o in_o the_o year_n 1506._o and_o the_o second_o in_o the_o year_n 1509._o but_o this_o do_v not_o so_o support_v his_o possession_n but_o that_o towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o his_o government_n he_o be_v supplant_v by_o maximilian_n sforza_n son_n to_o lodowick_n and_o the_o concomitant_a succour_n of_o the_o suisse_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o maximilian_n the_o emperor_n who_o be_v disgu_v because_o claude_n elder_a daughter_n to_o lewis_n who_o have_v be_v promise_v to_o his_o grandchild_n charles_n be_v espouse_v to_o francis_n afterward_o king_n of_o france_n by_o the_o name_n of_o francis_n the_o first_o which_o francis_n after_o decease_n of_o lewis_n be_v impale_v with_o the_o diadem_n of_o france_n so_o successful_o vindicate_v his_o claim_n and_o title_n that_o he_o regain_v this_o duchy_n and_o render_v maximilian_n his_o prisoner_n but_o he_o either_o neglect_a oâ—_n the_o dâ—dained_v to_o do_v homage_n to_o the_o emperor_n for_o a_o new_a investiture_n which_o contempt_n of_o he_o charles_n the_o five_o who_o succeed_v his_o grandfather_n maximilian_n re_fw-mi ent_v with_o so_o much_o regret_n that_o his_o animosity_n against_o francis_n grow_v inveterate_a and_o implacable_a which_o blaze_v out_o in_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o public_a war_n in_o which_o francis_n be_v make_v captive_a at_o the_o battle_n of_o pâ—via_n and_o from_o thence_o transport_v and_o put_v under_o restraint_n at_o madrid_n and_o there_o remain_v until_o he_o purchase_v his_o enfranchisement_n with_o a_o plenary_a release_n and_o surrender_v of_o his_o right_n to_o this_o duchy_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o charles_n the_o five_o though_o the_o french_a affirm_v this_o can_v only_o prejudice_v himself_o but_o not_o the_o child_n of_o claude_n his_o queen_n who_o be_v entitle_v to_o a_o right_n by_o descent_n from_o their_o mother_n and_o that_o this_o concession_n of_o madrid_n be_v null_a by_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o france_n which_o will_v not_o permit_v the_o alienation_n of_o the_o sovereign_a right_n of_o the_o crown_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o estate_n general_n and_o they_o never_o ratify_v this_o concession_n but_o the_o actual_a possession_n of_o the_o spaniard_n have_v be_v more_o strong_a than_o these_o pretence_n who_o have_v so_o secure_v their_o interest_n in_o this_o duchy_n against_o