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A34622 The travellours guide and historians faithful companion giving an account of the most remarkable things and matters relating to the religion, government, custom, manners, laws, pollicies, companies, trade, &c. in all the principal kingdoms, being the 16 years travels of William Carr, Gentleman ... Carr, William, 17th cent.; E. T. 1695 (1695) Wing C637; ESTC R20467 67,698 243

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other Fat 's a litle before the Ambassadours with other forrein Ministers and Persons of qualitie mounted the stairs to come to the place of entertainment The Elector caused twelve drummers with as many Trumpeters some Kettledrums and other musick to be lodged in the belly of the Tun with orders to strike up upon a signall given when the Elector drank the French Kings health All being sate down at table and merrily feeding the Elector drank the health and the signall was given whereupon the musick began to play its part with such a roaring and uncouth noise out of that vast cavitie below that the French and other Persons of qualitie who were unacquainted with the designe looking upon it to be an infernall and ominous sound in great astonishment began to cry out Jesus Marie The worlds at an end and to shift every one for himself in so great disorder and confusion that for haste to be gone they tumbled down staires one over another All that the Elector could say to compose them was either not heard or not valued nor could any thing satisfie and reassure them till they saw the Actors com marching out of their den Had not many Persons of qualitie and travellers seen this Fat as wel as my self who know that what I say of its incredible bigness to be true I should be afraid the Reader might think I imposed upon his credulitie From Heidleberg I went to see that impregnable Fort or citadell of Manheim alias Fredericks-berg built by the Elector Frederick brother to Prince Rupert a Prince of as good a head as any Germany affoarded who though some have too partially Judged of him by his misfortunes yet by the wisest of the age was acconnted the Cato of Germany The wisest and best-men of the world have been unfortunate which makes some to be of the opinion that God in his wisdom thinks fit it should be so least otherwise they might attribute their prosperitie rather to the wise direction of their own conduct then his all seeing Providence and indeed dayly experience seemes to evince the truth of this since wee see knaves and fools advanced to preferment and richess when men of virtue and parts die neglected and poor in the eyes of the world though rich in the enioyment of a contented mind But this is a digression which the honour I have for the memory of that great man hath led mee into and therefore I hope will be pardoned by the Reader In the citadel of Manheim I saw some of the Records of that illustrious familie which without dispute is the most ancient of all the Secular Electors being elder to that of Bavaria which sprung from one and the same stock to wit two Emperours of Germany Many writers derive them originally from Charle le maigne by the line of Pepin King of France There have been severall Emperours of that race one King of Denmark and four Kings of Sweden one of which was King of Norway also besides many great Generals of Armies in Germany Hungary France and other Countries Since I can remember there vere five Protestant Princes heires to that Electorall dignity alive which now by their death is fallen to the Duke of Newbourg a Roman Catholick whose Daughter is Empress of Germany and another of his Daughters maryed to the King of Portugall Being so neare Strasbourg I had the curiositie to goe see what figure that famous citie now made since it had changed its master for I had been thrice there before when it flourished under the Emperours protection with the liberty of a Hausiatick town And Indeed I found it so disfigured that had it not been for the stately Cathedrall Church and fair streets and buildings I could scarcely have know'n it In the streets and Exchange which formerly were thronged with sober rich and peaceable Merchants you meet with none hardly now but men in buff Coats and scarffs with rabbles of Soldiers their attendants The churches I confess are gayer but not so much frequented by the inhabitants as heretofore seing the Lutherans are thrust into the meanest churches and most of the chiefe Merchants both Lutherans and Calvinists removed to Holland and Hambourg Within a few years I beleeve it will be just such another city for trade and Richess as Brisac is It was formerly a rich city and well stockt with Merchants and wealthy inhabitants who lived under a gentle and easy government but now the Magistrats have litle else to doe in the government but onely to take their rules and measures from a citadell and great guns which are Edicts that Merchants least understand I confess Strasbourg is the less to be pityed that it so tamely became a slave and put on its chains without any strugling Those Magistrats who were instruments in it are now sensible of their own folly and bite their nails for anger finding themselves no better but rather worse hated than the other Magistrats who did what they could to hinder the reception of their new masters the French I quickly grew weary of being here meeting with nothing but complaints of poverty and paying exorbitant taxes I therefore soon returned to my Petty London Francfort and from thence went to Cassells the chiefe residence of the Landgrave of Hessen This Prince is a Calvinist as most of his subjects are very grave and Zealous in his religion He married a Princess of Courland by whom he hath an hopefull issue to wit three sons and two Daughters The late King was God father to one of his sons who was Christened by the name of Charles Captain William Legg Brother to the Lord Dartmouth representing his Majestie as his Envoy The court of this Prince does indeed resemble a well governed colledge or Religious Cloyster in regard of its modestie and regularitie in all things and especially in the houres of devotion He is rich in money and entertains about nine thousand men in constant pay under the command of Count van derlipp a brave and expert Soldier his Lieutenant Generall but can bring many more upon occasion into field This familie hath been very happy both in its progenie and alliances many wise Princes of both sexes having sprung from it and the mother of this present Landgrave may be reckoned amongst the illustrious women of the present and past ages After the death of William the 5. Landgrave of Hessen her husband she not only supported but advanced the war wherein he was engaged did many signall actions Enlarged her territories and at the conclusion of the peace kept under her pay 56 Cornets of horse in five Regiments 166 Companies of foot besides thirteen Companies of Dragons and 14 independent Companies in all 249 Companies of horse and foot she was a Princess extreamly obliging to strangers especially virtuous and learned divines I had the honour a good many yeares agoe to kisse her highnesses hand at which time she was mighty Zealous in promoting an accommodation amongst different Religions as
to the Poore distressed Protestants of Ireland Piemont their Charitie was not a littel that they gave to Geneve towards the building their Fortifications And here give me leave to tell you what King Charles the second said of the Charitie of Amsterdam when the Duke of Lotherdal heareing that the Prince of Oranges Armie was not able to oppose the french from advanting so neare to Amsterdam the Duke Jeareingly said that Oranges would be very scarse in Holland after Amsterdam should fall into the french hands to plunder to which his Majestie said that he was of opinion that God would preserve Amsterdam from being destroyed if it were only for the great charitie they have for the Poore the which put the Duke out of Countenance I will say no more of their Charitie only this that they leave no stone unturned to bring moneyes into the Poores stock they make the stage players pay 80000 Gilders a yeare to the Poore thert is not a Ropedancer puppetplayer or any of that sort of unnecessary Vermin which frequent faires but pay the 3d penny to the Poore which is carefully looked after by placeing an Almesman at the doore of the Booths to see that they cheat not the Poore of their share I shall now in the next place say some thing of the Clergie I meane those called the States Clergie for the States are absolutely head of their Church when any synod of Divines meet two of the States are alwayes present to heare that they debate nothing relating or Reflecting on the Government or Governers if they doe presently the States cry ho la mijn Heeren Predicanten if their Ministers meddel with any thing relating to the Goverment in their Pulpits they send them a briefe which some call a paire of shooes to quit the City some times Impriprison them to boot but if they behave them selves quietely well as they ought to doe they th●n are respected by the people as Gods upon earth They have a forme of prayer sent them how they shall pray for the States Prince of Orange nor must they meddell with any other Religion in the Country because all sorts are Tollerated at least connived at by the Magistrates All those called the Presbeterian Ministers or States Clergie are obliged under a forfiture to have done preaching praying by eleven of the Clock in the forenoone on Sondayes because then the Schepens goe to the Stathouse to marry the Jewes Papists Lutherans others that may not mary after the Calvinisticall forme the reason why the States thus marry them first according to law is to render their Children Legitimate but they may marry againe afterward as they please themselves none may marry untill they have made their appearence at the Stathouse before the Lords where if the parties be agreed the Preachers marry the Calvinists the Schepens marry all the rest who differ from the Religion established by Law When one dyes the friends dare not burry the Corps until it hath lain three dayes open in the Coffen that the friends relations of the deceased may be satisfied that the party hath not been murdered or reported to be dead when alive after 3 dayes the corps must be brought to the church before the Belceaseth tolling which is at two for if you Keepe the body untill half three then the Church dores are lockt for the first halfe houre must be payd 25 Gilders for the second 50 so untill six then they may amers you as much as they please There are many rich people who make that default on purpose that they may have solemn occasion of giveing to the Poore as I Knew once an English merchant did The next thing I shall speake of is the method which the States observe in ordering their Maritim affairs one of the greatest mysteryes in their Goverment The States Generally divide their Admiralty into five Courts which they call Chambers The first is Rotterdam which is the chamber called the Mase which hath the Admirals Flagg Then Amsterdam which hath the Vice-Admirals Flagg Zealand hath the reare Admiral Flagg the other two Chambers are those in North Holland Friesland Each of these five Chambers have their Admirals Vice Admirals reare Admirals apart from the States Generals Flaggs so that when the States have occasion to set out a fleet of an 100 Shipps more or less every Chamber Knowes the number they must provide for their proportion tho in regard of its Opulencye Amsterdam frequently helps her neighbours ads two or more Shipps then their share comes to These Chambers have lately built 36 men of war now are building of 7 more and all this is done without noise every one building their proportion they have admirable methods in preserving their Shipps when Built their Magazins are in good order every Shipp haveing an appartment to lay up all its Equipage in on the Top of their Magazins are Vast Cisterns which are Kept constantly full of water which have pipes into every appartment to let down water upon any accident of Fire there is in their Magazins a Nursery Roome where a Woman keeps an Office to feed at certaine houres of the day a great number of Cats which afterward hunt among the stores for Mice Ratts This great Magazine in Amsterdam was built in the tyme of Cromwell in the space of 9 moneths 14 dayes in which tyme the Lords of the Admiraltie gave the workmen drinkgelt as they call it to incourage them to work more then at an ordinary rate At this tyme the biggest man of war the States had was the Amelia in which the famous Admiral Trump was Kild shee was a Ship of no more then 56 Guns afterward made a fire Ship But the States quickly discovered their want of great Shipps and therefore built the same yeare 20 men of war from 50 to 80 Gunns But the great Shipps built at Amsterdam had like to have proved of no use had not the ingenious Pensionaric de Wit found out a devise to carry them over the Pampus betwixt those they call Water Shipps The Admiralty have an Exellent Method in setting out their Fleets they neither presse soldiers nor sea-men all goe Voluntarie at the beating of à Drumb each Captain providing men Provisions for his Shipp who after they have received orders from the Lords to the Equipagemaster to Equipe out their Shipps receive the Povisions of war then the States send a board each Shipp a Chaplin Check Master who take care of the provision of war see that the seamen have the States allowance wholesome food great care is taken by the Lords that both Captains Seamen receive their pay punctually for the tyme they are in the States service for the Incouraging their seamen there is plaistred on a Board hanging by the foremast the several rewards to such as either take or fire a Flagshipp