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A34614 Remarks of the government of severall parts of Germanie, Denmark, Sweedland, Hamburg, Lubeck, and Hansiactique townes, but more particularly of the United Provinces with some few directions how to travell in the States dominions : together with a list of the most considerable cittyes in Europe, with the number of houses in each citty / written by Will. Carr ... Carr, William, 17th cent. 1688 (1688) Wing C636; ESTC R5052 66,960 226

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virtue and parts die neglected and poor in the eyes of the world though rich in the enioyment of a contented mind But this is a digression which the honour I have for the memory of that great man hath led mee into and therefore I hope will be pardoned by the Reader In the citadel of Manheim I saw some of the Records of that illustrious familie which without dispute is the most ancient of all the Secular Electors being elder to that of Bavaria which sprung from one and the same stock to wit two Emperours of Germany Many writers derive them originally from Charle le maigne by the line of Pepin King of France There have been severall Emperours of that race one King of Denmark and four Kings of Sweden one of which was King of Norway also besides many great Generals of Armies in Germany Hungary France and other Countries Since I can remember there vere five Protestant Princes heires to that Electorall dignity alive which now by their death is fallen to the Duke of Nowbourg a Roman Catholick whose Daughter is Empress of Germany and another of his Daughters maryed to the King of Portugall Being so neare Strasbourg I had the curiositie to goe see what figure that famous citie now made since it had changed its master for I had been thrice there before when it flourished under the Emperours protection with the liberty of a Hausiatick town And Indeed I found it so disfigured that had it not been for the stately Cathedrall Church and fair streets and buildings I could scarcely have know'n it In the streets and Exchange which formerly were thronged with sober rich and peaceable Merchants you meet with none hardly now but men in buff Coats and scarffs with rabbles of Soldiers their attendants The churches I confess are gayer but not so much frequented by the inhabitants as heretofore seing the Lutherans are thrust into the meanest churches and most of the chiefe Merchants both Lutherans and Calvinists removed to Holland and Hambourg Within a few years I beleeve it will be just such another city for trade and Richess as Brisac is It was formerly a rich city and well stockt with Merchants and wealthy inhabitants who lived under a gentle and easy government but now the Magistrats have litle else to doe in the government but onely to take their rules and measures from a citadell and great guns which are Edicts that Merchants least understand I confess Strasbourg is the less to be pityed that it so tamely became a slave and put on its chains without any strugling Those Magistrats who were instruments in it are now sensible of their own folly and bite their nails for anger finding themselves no better but rather worse hated than the other Magistrats who did what they could to hinder the reception of their new masters the French. I quickly grew weary of being here meeting with nothing but complaints of poverty and paying exorbitant taxes I therefore soon returned to my Petty-London Francfort and from thence went to Cassells the chiefe residence of the Landgrave of Hessen This Prince is a Calvinist as most of his subjects are very grave and Zealous in his religion He married a Princess of Courland by whom he hath an hopefull issue to wit three sons and two Daughters The late King was God father to one of his sons who was Christened by the name of Charles Captain William Legg Brother to the Lord Dartmouth representing his Majestie as his Envoy The court of this Prince does indeed resemble a well governed colledge or Religious Cloyster in regard of its modestie and regularitie in all things and especially in the houres of devotion He is rich in money and entertains about nine thousand men in constant pay under the command of Count van derlipp a brave and expert Soldier his Lieutenant Generall but can bring many more upon occasion into field This familie hath been very happy both in its progenie and alliances many wise Princes of both sexes having sprung from it and the mother of this present Landgrave may be reckoned amongst the illustrious women of the present and past ages After the death of William the 5. Landgrave of Hessen her husband she not only supported but advanced the war wherein he was engaged did many signall actions Enlarged her territories and at the conclusion of the peace kept under her pay 56 Cornets of horse in five Regiments 166 Companies of foot besides thirteen Companies of Dragons and 14 independent Companies in all 249 Companies of horse and foot she was a Princess extreamly obliging to strangers especially virtuous and learned divines I had the honour a good many yeares agoe to kisse her highnesses hand at which time she was mighty Zealous in promoting an accommodation amongst different Religions as the Roman Catholick Lutheran and Calvinist but especially betwixt the two latter and therefore entertained Doctor Duris at her court in Cassels who wrote severall pieces upon that subject of reconciliation and with some of his friends had a conference with a learned priest that came from Rome to forward the project whereupon the Doctor published his book of the Harmoney of Consent which is highly esteemed in Germany From this Princes court I directed my journey to Hanover taking Lambspring in my way a place where there is a convent of English Monks and there I met with a very aged worthy and harmeless Gentleman St. Thomas Gascoigue a Person of more integrity and pietie then to be guilty so much as in thought of what miscreants falsly swore against him in the licentions time of plotting the Lord Abbot and severall of the Monks I had seen there formerly This monastery is very obliging to all strangers that travell that way as well as to theire own Countreymen and is highly respected by the neighbouring Princes of all persuasions as the Princes of the house of Lunenburg the Landgrave of Hessen and Elector of Cologne who as Bishop of Hildersheim is their ordinary The town of Lambspring is Lutheran though under the government of the Lord Abbot and his chapter who constantly choose Lutheran Magistrats and Officers for the civill administration and live together in that love and unitie that as yet there hath never the least debate happened amongst them and indeed this harmoney is now to be observed in most parts of Germany where different Religions are professed When I considered so many goodly faces both of Monks and students in that Abbey I could not forbeare to make a serious reflexion on the number of the English whom I had seen in the colledges and Cloysters abroad as at Rome Rattesbonne Wirtzburg in Lorraine at Liege Louvain Brussels Dunkerk Ghent Paris and other places besides the severall Nunneries and withall on the loss that both King and Kingdome suffered thereby when so many of our natives both men and women should be constrained to spend their own Estats and the benevolence of others in a strange Land which amounts
at least connived at by the Magistrates All those called the Presbeterian Ministers or States Clergie are obliged under a forfiture to have done preaching praying by eleven of the Clock in the forenoone on Sondayes because then the Schepens goe to the Stathouse to marry the Jewes Papists Lutherans others that may not mary after the Calvinisticall forme the reason why the States thus marry them first according to law is to render their Children Legitimate but they may marry againe afterward as they please themselves none may marry untill they have made their appearence at the Stathouse before the Lords where if the parties be agreed the Preachers marry the Calvinists the Schepens marry all the rest who differ from the Religion established by Law. When one dyes the friends dare not burry the Corps until it hath lain three dayes open in the Coffen that the friends relations of the deceased may be satisfied that the party hath not been murdered or reported to be dead when alive after 3 dayes the corps must be brought to the church before the Delceaseth tolling which is at two for if you Keepe the body untill half three then the Church dores are lockt for the first halfe houre must be payd 25 Gilders for the second 50 so untill six then they may amers you as much as they please There are many rich people who make that default on purpose that they may have solemn occasion of giveing to the Poore as I Knew once an English merchant did The next thing I shall speake of is the method which the States observe in ordering their Maritim affairs one of the greatest mysteryes in their Goverment The States Generally divide their Admiralty into five Courts which they call Chambers The first is Rotterdam which is the chamber called the Mase which hath the Admirals Flagg Then Amsterdam which hath the Vice-Admirals Flagg Zealand hath the reare Admiral Flagg the other two Chambers are those in North Holland Friesland Each of these five Chambers have their Admirals Vice Admirals reare Admirals apart from the States Generals Flaggs so that when the States have occasion to set out a fleet of an 100 Shipps more or less every Chamber Knowes the number they must provide for their proportion tho in regard of its Opulencye Amsterdam frequently helps her neighbours ads two or more Shipps then their share comes to These Chambers have lately built 36 men of war now are building of 7 more and all this is done without noise every one building their proportion they have admirable methods in preserving their Shipps when Built their Magazins are in good order every Shipp haveing an appartment to lay up all its Equipage in on the Top of their Magazins are Vast Cisterns which are Kept constantly full of water which have pipes into every appartment to let down water upon any accident of Fire there is in their Magazins a Nursery Roome where a Woman keeps an Office to feed at certaine houres of the day a great number of Cats which afterward hunt among the stores for Mice Ratts This great Magazine in Amsterdam was built in the tyme of Cromwell in the space of 9 moneths 14 dayes in which tyme the Lords of the Admiraltie gave the workmen drinkgelt as they call it to incourage them to work more then at an ordinary rate At this tyme the biggest man of war the States had was the Amelia in which the famous Amiral Trump was Kild shee was a Ship of no more then 56 Guns afterward made a fire Ship. But the States quickly discovered their want of great Shipps and therefore built the same yeare 20 men of war from 50 to 80 Gunns But the great Shipps built at Amsterdam had like to have proved of no use had not theingenious Pensionarie de Wit found out a devise to carry them over the Pampus betwixt those they call Water Shipps The Admiralty have an Exellent Method in setting out their Fleets they neither presse soldiers nor sea-men all goe Voluntarie at the beating of à Drumb each Captain providing men Provisions for his Shipp who after they have received orders from the Lords to the Equipagemaster to Equipe out their Shipps receive the Povisions of war then the States send a board each Shipp a Chaplin Check Master who take care of the provision of war see that the seamen have the States allowance wholesome food great care is taken by the Lords that both Captains Seamen receive their pay punctually for the tyme they are in the States service for the Incouraging their seamen there is plaistred on a Board hanging by the foremast the several rewards to such as either take or fire a Flagshipp or take or sinck any other Shipp of the enimies also what pensions a wounded seaman shal have if maimd or disabled in the States service c. The Lords of the Admiralty follow the same methodes which the States General observe as to their land obligations goe throw this great charge by the good management of their Credit for tho it be true that they are indebted great summes of money yet they never want a supply nay Moneyes are often forced upon them by rich Merchants who send in their moneys and only take the Admyraltyes obligations with which they afterward pay their Customes when their Shipps arive at which tyme the Admiralty allowes them Intrest for the tyme they have had their money this is it that makes the Admiraltyes Obligations more valued then ready money for it saves the trouble of telling such is the Credit of the Admiralty that when they have occasion for any Goods the people strive to furnish them rather take their Obligations then money because they get Intrest all other assignments upon the Admiralty are very punctually payd without Exchequer Fees no they are sworne Officers who are forbid to receive any moneyes for fees being contented with the sallary they have of the States And their Methodes used at the Custome House for loading or unloading Shipps are very easy in so much that the Women Generally have the chargeing dischargeing the Shipps at the Custome House which is a great politie in the States to make Trade easy for the Incouragement of the Merchants And the Admiralty are very Gratefull Generous unto their Commanders if any of their Admiralls or Captains are Kild at sea have dove any Considerable service they then Eternise their memories with lasting Trophies of honor as you may see by those Stately Monuments of Trump Vpdam de Ruiter the Eversons others nor are they spareing in bestowing large Gifts Pensions on the Widdowes Children of those as have served them faithfully Valiantly in the wars whilst the Treacherous Cowards meet with the severity they deserve I might here in the next place in large tel you of the Exellent