my Intention to give your Grace a faithful account of Your Graces Commands as becomes May it please your Grace Your Graces most humble and most obedient Servant Iohn Rolleston THE LIFE OF THE MOST ILLUSTRIOUS PRINCE WILLIAM Duke of Newcastle The First Book SInce my chief intent in this present Work is to describe the Life and Actions of My Noble Lord and Husband William Duke of Newcastle I shall do it with as much Brevity Perspicuity and Truth as is required of an Impartial Historian The History of his Pedigree I shall refer to the Heralds and partly give you an account thereof at the latter end of this work onely thus much I shall now mention as will be requisite for the better understanding of the following discourse His Grandfather by his Fathers side was Sir William Cavendish Privy Counsellour and Treasurer of the Chamber to King Henry the Eighth Edward the Sixth and Queen Mary His Grandfather by his Mother was Cuthbert Lord Ogle an ancient Baron His Father Sir Charles Cavendish was the youngest son to Sir William and had no other Children but three Sons whereof My Lord was the Second but his elder Brother dying in his Infancy left both his Title and Birth-right to My Lord so that My Lord had then but one onely Brother left whose name was Charles after his Father whereas My Lord had the name of his Grandfather These two Brothers were partly bred with Gilbert Earl of Shrewsbury their Uncle in Law and their Aunt Mary Countess of Gilbert's Wife and Sister to their Father for there interceded an intire and constant Friendship between the said Gilbert Earl of Shrewsbury and My Lord's Father Sir Charles Cavendish caused not onely by the marriage of My Lord's Aunt his Fathers Sister to the aforesaid Gilbert Earl of Shrewsbury and by the marriage of George Earl of Gilbert's Father with My Lord's Grandmother by his Fathers side but Sir Charles Cavendish My Lord's Father and Gilbert Earl of Shrewsbury being brought up and bred together in one Family and grown up as parts of one body after they came to be beyond Children and travelled together into foreign Countries to observe the Fashions Laws and Customs of other Nations contracted such an intire Friendship which lasted to their death neither did they out live each other long for My Lord's Father Sir Charles Cavendish lived but one year after Gilbert Earl of Shrewsbury But both My Lords Parents and his Aunt and Uncle in Law shewed always a great and fond love to My Lord endeavouring when He was but a Child to please him with what he most delighted in When He was grown to the Age of fifteen or sixteen he was made Knight of the Bath an ancient and honourable Order at the time when Henry King Iames of blessed Memory His eldest Son was created Prince of Wales and soon after he went to travel with Sir Henry Wotton who was sent as Ambassador Extraordinary to the then Duke of Savoy which Duke made very much of My Lord and when he would be free in Feasting placed Him next to himself Before My Lord did return with the Ambassador into England the said Duke profer'd My Lord that if he would stay with him he would not onely confer upon him the best Titles of Honour he could but also give him an honourable Command in War although My Lord was but young for the Duke had then some designs of War But the Ambassador who had taken the care of My Lord would not leave Him behind without his Parents consent At last when My Lord took his leave of the Duke the Duke being a very generous person presented Him with a Spanish Horse a Saddle very richly embroidered and with a rich Jewel of Diamonds Some time after My Lord's return into England Gilbert Earl of Shrewsbury died and left My Lord though he was then but young and about Twenty two years of age his Executor a year after his Father Sir Charles Cavendish died also His Mother being then a Widow was desirous that My Lord should marry in obedience to whose Commands he chose a Wife both to his own good liking and his Mothers approving who was Daughter and Heir to William Basset of Blore Esq a very honourable and ancient Family in Stafford-Shire by whom was added a great part to His Estate as hereafter shall be mentioned After My Lord was married he lived for the most part in the Country and pleased Himself and his neighbours with Hospitality and such delights as the Country afforded onely now and then he would go up to London for some short time to wait on the King About this time King Iames of blessed memory having a purpose to confer some Honour upon My Lord made him Viscount Mansfield and Baron of Bolsover and after the decease of King Iames King Charles the First of blessed Memory constituted him Lord Warden of the Forrest of Sherewood and Lieutenant of Nottingham-Shire and restored his Mother Catharine the second Daughter of Cuthbert Lord Ogle to her Fathers Dignity after the death of her onely Sister Iane Countess of Shrewsbury publickly declaring that it was her Right which Title after the death of his Mother descended also upon My Lord and his Heirs General together with a large Inheritance of 3000 l. a year in Northumberland About the same time after the decease of William late Earl of Devonshire his Noble Cousin German My Lord was by his said Majesty made Lord Lieutenant of Derby-Shire which trust and honour after he had enjoyed for several years and managed it like as all other offices put to his Trust with all possible care faithfulness and dexterity during the time of the said Earls Son William the now Earl of Devonshire his Minority as soon as this same Earl was come to age and by Law made capable of that trust he willingly and freely resign'd it into his hands he having hitherto kept it onely for him that he and no body else might succeed his Father in that dignity In these and all other both publick and private imployments My Lord hath ever been careful to keep up the Kings Rights to the uttermost of his power to strengthen those mentioned Counties with Ammunition and to administer Justice to every one for he refused no mans Petition but sent all that came to him either for relief or justice away from him fully satisfied Not long after his being made Lieutenant of Nottingham-Shire there was found so great a defect of Armes and Ammunition in that County that the Lords of the Council being advertised thereof as the manner then was His Majesty commanded a levy to be made upon the whole County for the supply thereof whereupon the sum of 500 l. or thereabout was accordingly levied for that purpose and three Persons of Quality then Deputy Lieutenants were desired by My Lord to receive the money and see it disposed which being done accordingly and a certain account rendred to My Lord he voluntarily
what was required for my transporting into England besides the debts formerly contracted the said money fell too short by 400 l. and although I could have upon my own word taken up much more yet I was unwilling to leave an engagement amongst strangers Wherefore I sent for one Mr. Shaw now Sir Iohn Shaw a near kindsman to the said Mr. Ash intreating him to lend me 400 l. which he did most readily and so discharged my debts My departure being now divulged in Antwerp the Magistrates of the City came to take their leaves of me where I desired one Mr. Duart a very worthy Gentleman and one of the chief of the City though he derives his Race from the Portuguez to whom and his Sisters all very skilful in the Art of Musick though for their own pastime and Recreation both my Lord and my self were much bound for their great civilities to be my Interpreter They were pleased to express that they were sorry for our departure out of their City but withal rejoyced at our happy returning into our Native Country and wished me soon and well to the place where I most desired to be Whereupon I having excused my Lord's hasty going away without taking his leave of them returned them mine and my Lord 's hearty Thanks for their great civilities declaring how sorry I was that it lay not in my power to make an acknowledgment answerable to them But after their departure from me they were pleased to send their Under-Officers as the custom there is with a Present of Wine which I received with all respect and thankfulness I being thus prepar'd for my Voyage went with my Servants to Flussing and finding no English Man of War there being loth to trust my self with a less Vessel was at last informed that a Dutch man of War lay there ready to Convoy some Merchants I forthwith sent for the Captain thereof whose name was Bankert and asked him whether it was possible to obtain the favour of having the use of his Ship to transport me into England To vvhich he ansvvered That he question'd not but I might for the Merchants which he was to convey were not ready yet desiring me to send one of my servants to the State to request that favour of them with whom he would go himself and assist him the best he could which he also did My suit being granted my self and my chief servants embarqued in the said Ship the rest together with the Goods being conveyed in another good strong Vessel hired for that purpose After I was safely arrived at London I found my Lord in Lodgings I cannot call them unhandsome but yet they were not fit for a Person of his Rank and Quality nor of the capacity to contain all his Family Neither did I find my Lord's Condition such as I expected Wherefore out of some passion I desir'd him to leave the Town and retire into the Countrey but my Lord gently reproved me for my rashness and impatience and soon after removed into Dorset-house which though it was better then the former yet not altogether to my satisfaction we having but a part of the said House in possession By this removal I judged my Lord would not hastily depart from London but not long after he was pleased to tell me That he had dispatched his business and was now resolved to remove into the Country having already given order for Waggons to transport our goods which was no unpleasant news to me who had a great desire for a Countrey-life My Lord before he began his Journey went to his Gracious Soveraign and begg'd leave that he might retire into the Countrey to reduce and settle if possible his confused entangled and almost ruined Estate Sir said he to His Majesty I am not ignorant that many believe I am discontented and 't is probable they 'l say I retire through discontent But I take God to witness That I am in no kind or ways displeas'd for I am so joyed at your Majesties happy Restauration that I cannot be sad or troubled for any Concern to my own particular but whatsoever Your Majesty is pleased to command me were it to sacrifice my Life I shall most obediently perform it for I have no other Will but Your Majesties Pleasure Thus he kissed His Majesty's hand and went the next day into Nottingham-shire to his Mannor-house call'd Welbeck but when he came there and began to examine his Estate and how it had been ordered in the time of his Banishment he knew not whether he had left ' any thing of it for himself or not till by his prudence and wisdom he inform'd himself the best he could examining those that had most knowledg therein Some Lands he found could be recover'd no further then for his life and some not at all Some had been in the Rebels hands which he could not recover but by His Highness the Duke of York's favour to whom His Majesty had given all the Estates of those that were condemned and executed for murdering his Royal Father of blessed memory which by the Law were forfeited to His Majesty whereof His Highness graciously restor'd my Lord so much of the Land that formerly had been his as amounted to 730 l. a year And though my Lord's Children had their Claims granted and bought out the Life of my Lord their Father which came near upon the third part yet my Lord received nothing for himself out of his own Estate for the space of eighteen years viz. During the time from the first entring into Warr which was Iune 11. 1642 till his return out of Banishment May 28. 1660 for though his Son Henry now Earl of Ogle and his eldest Daughter the now Lady Cheiny did all what lay in their power to relieve my Lord their Father and sent him some supplies of moneys at several times when he was in banishment yet that was of their own rather then out of my Lord's Estate for the Lady Chieny sold some few Jewels which my Lord her Father had left her and some Chamber-Plate which she had from her Grandmother and sent over the money to my Lord besides 1000 l. of her Portion And the now Earl of Ogle did at several times supply my Lord his Father with such moneys as he had partly obtained upon Credit and partly made by his Marriage After my Lord had begun to view those Ruines that were nearest and tried the Law to keep or recover what formerly was his which certainly shew'd no favour to him besides that the Act of Oblivion proved a great hinderance and obstruction to those his designs as it did no less to all the Royal Party and had setled so much of his Estate as possibly he could he cast up the Summ of his Debts and set out several parts of Land sor the payment of them or of some of them for some of his Lands could not be easily sold being entailed and some he sold in Derbyshire to buy the Castle
of Nottingham which although it is quite ruined and demolisht yet it being a seat which had pleased his Father very much he would not leave it since it was offer'd to be sold. His two Houses Welbeck and Bolsover he found much out of repair and this later half pull'd down no furniture or any necessary Goods were left in them but some few Hangings and Pictures which had been saved by the care and industry of his Eldest Daughter the Lady Cheiny and were bought over again after the death of his eldest Son Charles Lord Mansfield for they being given to him and he leaving some debts to be paid after his death My Lord sent to his other Son Henry now Earl of Ogle to endeavour for so much Credit that the said Hangings and Pictures which my Lord esteemed very much the Pictures being drawn by Van Dyke might be saved which he also did and My Lord hath paid the debt since his return Of eight Parks which my Lord had before the Wars there was but one left that was not quite destroyed Welbeck-Park of about four miles compass for my Lord's Brother Sir Charles Cavendish who bought out the life of my Lord in that Lordship saved most part of it from being cut down and in Blore-Park there were some few Deer left The rest of the Parks were totally defaced and destroyed both Wood Pales and Deer amongst which was also Clipston-Park of seven miles compass wherein my Lord had taken much delight formerly it being rich of Wood and containing the greatest and tallest Timber-trees of all the Woods he had in so much that onely the Pale-row was valued at 2000 l. It was water'd by a pleasant River that runs through it full of Fish and Otters was well stock'd with Deer full of Hares and had great store of Partriges Poots Pheasants c besides all sorts of Water-fowl so that this Park afforded all manner of sports for Hunting Hawking Coursing Fishing c. for which my Lord esteemed it very much And although his Patience and Wisdom is such that I never perceived him sad or discontented for his own Losses and Misfortunes yet when he beheld the ruines of that Park I observed him troubled though he did little express it onely saying he had been in hopes it would not have been so much defaced as he found it there being not one Timber-tree in it left for shelter However he patiently bore what could not be helped and gave present order for the cutting down of some Wood that was left him in a place near adjoining to repale it and got from several Friends Deer to stock it Thus though his Law-suits and other unavoidable expences were very chargeable to him yet he order'd his affairs so prudently that by degrees he stock'd and manur'd those Lands he keeps for his own use and in part repaired his Mannor-houses Welbeck and Bolsover to which later he made some additional building and though he has not yet built the Seat at Nottingham yet he hath stock'd and paled a little Park belonging to it Nor is it possible for him to repair all the ruines of the Estate that is left him in so short a time they being so great and his losses so considerable that I cannot without grief and trouble remember them for before the Wars my Lord had as great an Estate as any subject in the Kingdom descended upon him most by Women viz. by his Grandmother of his Father's side his own Mother and his first Wife What Estate his Grandfather left to his Father Sir Charles Cavendish I know not nor can I exactly tell what he had from his Grandmother but she was very rich for her third Husband Sir Will. Saint Loo gave her a good Estate in the West which afterwards descended upon my Lord my Lord's Mother being the younger daughter of the Lord Ogle and sole Heir after the death of her eldest Sister Iane Countess of Shrewsbury whom King Charles the First restored to her Fathers Dignity viz. Baroness of Ogle This Title descended upon my Lord and his Heirs General together with 3000 l. a year in Northumberland and besides the Estate left to my Lord she gave him 20000 l. in Money and kept him and his Family at her own charge for several years My Lord's first Wife who was Daughter and Heir to William Basset of Blore Esq Widow to Henry Howard younger Son to Thomas Earl of Suffolk brought my Lord 2400 l. a Year Inheritance between six and seven thousand Pounds in Money and a jointure for her life of 800 l. a Year Besides my Lord increased his own Estate before the Wars to the value of 100000 l. and had increased it more had not the unhappy Wars prevented him for though he had some disadvantages in his Estate even before the Wars yet they are not considerable to those he suffered afterwards for the service of his King and Country For example His Father Sir Charles Cavendish had lent his Brother in Law Gilbert Earl of Shrewsbury 16000 l. for which although afterward before his death he setled 2000 l. a year upon him yet he having injoyed the said Money for many years without paying any use for it it might have been improved to my Lord 's better advantage had it been in his Fathers own hands he being a Person of great prudence in managing his Estate and though the said Earl of Shrewsbury made my Lord his Executor yet my Lord was so far from making any advantage by that Trust even in what the Law allowed him that he lost 17000 l. by it and afterwards delivered up his Trust to William Earl of Pembrook and Thomas Earl of Arundel who both married two Daughters of the said Earl of Shrewsbury And since his return into England upon the desire of Henry Howard Second Son to the late Earl of Arundel and Heir apparent by reason of his Eldest Brother's Distemper he resigned his Trust and Interest to him which certainly is a very difficult business and yet questionable whether it may lawfully be done or not But such was my Lord's Love to the Family of the Shrewsburies that he would rather wrong himself then it To mention some lawful advantages which my Lord might have made by the said Trust it may be noted in the first place That the Earl of Shrewsbury's Estate was Let in long Leases which by the Law fell to the Executor Next that after some Debts and Legacies were paid out of those Lands which were set out for that purpose they were setled so that they fell to my Lord. Thirdly Seven hundred pounds a year was left as a Gift to my Lord's Brother Sir Charles Cavendish in case the Countess of Kent Second Daughter to the said Earl of Shrewsbury had no Children But my Lord never made any advantage for himself of all these neither was he inquisitive whether the said Countess of Kent cut off the Entail of that Land although she never had a Child for my Lord's
sound but came quietly and silently into the City of York for which he would certainly have been blamed by those that make a great noise upon small causes and love to be applauded though their actions little deserve it His noble Bounty and Generosity is so manifest to all the World that I should light a Candle to the Sun if I should strive to illustrate it for he has no self-designs or self-interest but will rather wrong and injure himself then others To give you but one proof of this noble Vertue it is known that where he hath a legal right to Felons Goods as he hath in a great part of his Estate yet he never took or exacted more then some inconsiderable share for acknowledgment of his Right saying That he was resolved never to grow rich by other mens misfortunes In short I know him not addicted to any manner of Vice except that he has been a great lover and admirer of the Female Sex which whether it be so great a crime as to condemn him for it I 'le leave to the judgment of young Gallants and beautiful Ladies 11. Of His outward Shape and Behaviour HIs Shape is neat and exactly proportioned his Stature of a middle size and his Complexion sanguine His Behaviour is such that it might be a Pattern for all Gentlemen for it is Courtly Civil easie and free without Formality or Constraint and yet hath something in it of grandure that causes an awful respect towards him 12. Of His Discourse HIs Discourse is as free and unconcerned as his Behaviour Pleasant Witty and Instructive He is quick in Reparties or sudden answers and hates dubious disputes and premeditated Speeches He loves also to intermingle his Discourse with some short pleasant stories and witty sayings and always names the Author from whom he hath them for he hates to make another man's Wit his own 13. Of His HABIT HE accouters his Person according to the Fashion if it be one that is not troublesome and uneasie for men of Heroick Exercises and Actions He is neat and cleanly which makes him to be somewhat long in dressing though not so long as many effeminate persons are He shifts ordinarily once a day and every time when he uses Exercise or his temper is more hot then ordinary 14. Of His DIET IN his Diet he is so sparing and temperate that he never eats nor drinks beyond his set proportion so as to satisfie onely his natural appetite He makes but one Meal a day at which he drinks two good Glasses of Small-Beer one about the beginning the other at the end thereof and a little Glass of Sack in the middle of his Dinner which Glass of Sack he also uses in the morning for his Breakfast with a Morsel of Bread His Supper consists of an Egg and a draught of Small-beer And by this Temperance he finds himself very healthful and may yet live many years he being now of the Age of Seventy three which I pray God from my soul to grant him 15. His Recreation and Exercise HIS prime Pastime and Recreation hath always been the Exercise of Mannage and Weapons which Heroick Arts he used to practise every day but I observing that when he had over-heated himself he would be apt to take cold prevail'd so far that at last he left the frequent use of the Mannage using nevertheless still the Exercise of Weapons and though he doth not ride himself so frequently as he hath done yet he takes delight in seeing his Horses of Mannage rid by his Escuyers whom he instructs in that Art for his own pleasure But in the Art of Weapons in which he has a method beyond all that ever were famous in it found out by his own Ingenuity and Practice he never taught any body but the now Duke of Buckingham whose Guardian He hath been and his own two Sons The rest of his time he spends in Musick Poetry Architecture and the like 16. Of His Pedigree HAving made promise in the beginning of the first Book that I would join a more large Description of the Pedigree of my Noble Lord and Husband to the end of the History of his life I shall now discharge my self and though I could derive it from a longer time and reckon up a great many of his Ancestors even from the time of William the Conqueror He being descended from the most ancient family of the Gernouns as Cambden relates in his Britannia in the Description of Derbyshire yet it being a work fitter for Heralds I shall proceed no further then his Grandfather and shew you onely those noble Families which my Lord is allied to by his Birth My Lord's Grandfather by his Father as is formerly mentioned was Sir William Cavendish Privy-Counsellor and Treasurer of the Chamber to King Henry the Eighth Edward the Sixth and Queen Mary who married two Wives by the first he had onely two Daughters but by the second Elizabeth who was my Lords Grandmother he had three Sons and four Daughters whereof one Daughter died young She was Daughter to Iohn Hardwick of Hardwick in the County of Derby Esq and had four Husbands The first was Barlow Esq who died before they were bedded together they being both very young The second was Sir William Cavendish my Lord's Grandfather who being somewhat in years married her chiefly for her beauty she had so much power in his affection that she perswaded him to sell his Estate which he had in the Southern parts of England for he was very rich and buy an Estate in the Northern parts viz. in Derbyshire and thereabout where her own friends and kindred liv'd which he did and having there setled himself upon her further perswasion built a Mannor-house in the same County call'd Chattesworth which as I have heard cost first and last above 80000 l. sterling But before this House was finish'd he died and left six Children viz. three Sons and three Daughters which before they came to be marriageable she married a third Husband Sir William St Loo Captain of the Guard to Queen Elizabeth and Grand Butler of England who dying without Issue she married a fourth Husband George Earl of Shrewsbury by whom she left no Issue The Children which she had by her second Husband Sir William Cavendish being grown marriageable the eldest Son Henry married Grace the youngest Daughter of his Father in Law the said George Earl of Shrewsbury which he had by his former Wife Gertrude Daughter of Thomas Manners Earl of Rutland but died without Issue The second Son William after Earl of Devonshire had two Wives the first was an Heiress by whom he had Children but all died save one Son whose name was also William Earl of Devonshire His second Wife was Widdow to Sir Edward Wortly who had several Children by her first Husband and but one Son by the said Will. Cavendish after Earl of Devonshire who dyed young His Son by his first Wife William Earl of Devonshire
married Christian Daughter of Edward Lord Bruce a Scots-man by whom he had two Sons and one Daughter the Eldest Son William now Earl of Devonshire married Elizabeth the second Daughter of William Earl of Salisbury by whom he has three children viz. Two Sons and one Daughter whereof the Eldest Son William is married to the second Daughter of Iames now Duke of Ormond the second Son Charles is yet a youth The Daughter Anne married the Lord Rich the onely Son and Child to Charles now Earl of Warwick but he dyed without Issue The second Son of William Earl of Devonshire and Brother to the now Earl of Devonshire was unfortunately slain in the late Civil Warrs as is before mentioned The Daughter of the said William Earl of D evonshire Sister to the now Earl of D evonshire married Robert Lord Rich Eldest Son to Robert Earl of Warwick by whom she had but one Son who married but dyed without Issue The third and youngest Son of Sir William Cavendish Charles Cavendish my Lord's Father had two Wives the first was Daughter and Coheir to Sir Thomas Kidson who dyed a year after her Marriage without issue The second was the younger Daughter of Cuthbert Lord Ogle and after her Elder and onely Sister Iane Wife to Edward Earl of Shrewsbury who dyed without Issue became Heir to her Father's Estate and Title by whom he had three Sons whereof the eldest dyed in his Infancy the second was William my dear Lord and Husband the third Charles who dyed a Batchelour about the age of Sixty three My Lord hath had two Wives the first was Elizabeth Daughter and Heir to William Basset of Bloore in the County of Stafford Esq and Widow to Henry Howard younger Son to Thomas Earl of Suffolk by whom he had ten Children viz. Five Sons and five Daughters whereof five viz. three Sons and two Daughters dyed young the rest viz. Two Sons and three Daughters came to be married His Elder Son Charles Viscount of Mansfield married the Eldest Daughter and Heir of Mr. Richard Rogers by whom he had but one Daughter who dyed soon after her birth and he dyed also without any other Issue His second Son Henry now Earl of Ogle married Francis the eldest Daughter of Mr. William Pierrepont by whom he hath had three Sons and four Daughters two Sons were born before their narural time the third Henry Lord Mansfield is alive The four Daughters are the Lady Elizabeth Lady Frances Lady Margaret and Lady Catharine My Lords three Daughters were thus married The eldest Lady Iane married Charles Cheiney Esq descended of a very noble and ancient Family by whom she hath one Son and two Daughters The second Lady Elizabeth married Iohn now Earl of Bridgwater then Lord Brackly and eldest Son to Iohn then Earl of Bridgwater who died in Childbed and left five Sons and one Daughter whereof the eldest Son Iohn Lord Brackly married the Lady Elizabeth onely Daughter and Child to Iames then Earl of Middlesex My Lords third Daughter the Lady Frances married Oliver Earl of Bullingbrook and hath had no Child yet After the death of my Lords first Wife who died the 17 th of April in the Year 1643 he married me Margaret Daughter to Thomas Lucas of St. Iohns near Colchester in Essex Esquire but hath no Issue by me And this is the Posterity of the three Sons of Sir William Cavendish my Lords Grandfather by his Fathers side The three Daughters were disposed of as followeth The eldest Frances Cavendish married Sir Henry Pierrepont of Holm Pierrepont in the County of Nottingham by whom she had two Sons whereof the first died young The second Robert after Earl of Kingston upon Hull married Gertrude the eldest Daughter and Co-heir to Henry Talbot fourth Son to George Earl of Shrewsbury by whom he had five Sons and three Daughters whereof the eldest Son Henry now Marquess of Dorchester hath had two Wives the first Cecilia Eldest Daughter to the Lord Viscount Bayning by whom he had several Children of which there are living onely two Daughters the eldest Anne who married Iohn Rosse onely Son to Iohn now Earl of Rutland the second Grace who is unmarried His second Wife was Catharine second Daughter to Iames Earl of Derby by whom he has no Issue living The second Son of the Earl of Kingston William married the sole Daughter and Heir of Sir Thomas Harries by whom he had Issue five Sons and five Daughters whereof two Sons and two Daugters died unmarried The other six are Robert the Eldest who married Elizabeth Daughter and Co-heir to Sir Iohn Evelyne by whom he has three Sons and one Daughter The second Son George and the third Gervas are yet unmarried The eldest Daughter of William Pierrepont Frances is married to my Lords now onely Son and Heir Henry Earl of Ogle as before is mentioned The second Grace is married to Gilbert now Earl of Clare by whom he hath Issue Two sons and three daughters The third Gertrude is unmarried The third son of the Earl of Kingston Francis Pierrepont married Elizabeth the eldest daughter of Mr. Bray by whom he had Issue one son and one daughter the son Robert married Anne the daughter of Henry Murray The daughter Frances married William Pagatt eldest son to William Lord Pagatt The fourth son of the Earl of Kingston Gervase is unmarried The fifth son George Pierrepont married the daughter of Mr. Ionas by whom he had two sons unmarried Henry and Samuel The three daughters of the said Earl of Kingston are Frances the eldest who was married to Philip Rowleston the second Mary dyed young the third Elizabeth is unmarried The second daughter of Sir William Cavendish Elizabeth married the Earl of Lennox Unkle to King Iames by whom she had onely one daughter the Lady Arabella who against King Iame's Commands she being after Him and His Children the next Heir to the Crown married William the second son to the Earl of Hereford for which she was put into the Tower where not long after she dyed The youngest daughter Mary Cavendish married Glbert Talbot second son to George Earl of Shrewsbury who after the decease of his Father and his elder Brother Francis who dyed without Issue became Earl of Shrewsbury by whom she had Issue four sons and three daughters the sons all dyed in their Infancy but the daughters were married The eldest Mary Talbot married William Herbert Earl of Pembroke by whom some eighteen years after her Marriage she had one son who dyed young The second daughter Elizabeth married Sir H enry G ray after Earl of Kent the fourth Earl of England by whom she had no Issue The third and youngest daughter Aletheia married Thomas Howard Earl of Arundel the first Earl and Earl-Marshal of England by whom she left two sons Iames who died beyond the seas without Issue and H enry who married Elizabeth daughter of Esme Stuart Duke of Lennox by whom he had Issue several sons
who also came to take their leaves of My Lord being much troubled at his departure and speaking very honourably of him as surely they had no reason to the contrary The Second Book HAving hitherto faithfully related the life of My Noble Lord and Husband and the chief Actions which He performed during the time of his being employed in His Majesties Service for the Good and Interest of his King and Country until the time of his going out of England I shall now give you a just account of all that passed during the time of his banishment till the return into his native Country My Lord being a Wise Man and foreseeing well what the loss of that fatal Battle upon Hessom-moor near York would produce by which not onely those of His Majesties Party in the Northern parts of the Kingdom but in all other parts of His Majesties Dominions both in England Scotland and Ireland were lost and undone and that there was no other way but either to quit the Kingdom or submit to the Enemy or die he resolved upon the former and preparing for his journey asked his Steward How Much Money he had left Who answer'd That he had but 90 l. My Lord not being at all startled at so small a Summ although his present design required much more was resolved too seek his Fortune even with that litle and thereupon having taken leave of His Highness Prince Rupert and the rest that were present went to Scarborough as before is mentioned where two Ships were prepared for Hamborough to set sail within 24 hours in which he embarqued with his Company and arrived in four days time to the said City which was on the 8th of Iuly 1644. In one of these Ships was my Lord with his two Sons Charles Viscount Mansfield and Lord Henry Cavendish now Earl of Ogle as also Sir Charles Cavendish My Lord's Brother the then Lord Bishop of London-derry Dr. Bramhall the Lord Falconbridg the Lord Widdrington Sir William Carnaby who after died at Paris and his Brother Mr. Francis Carnaby who went presently in the same Ship back again for England and soon after was slain by the Enemy near Sherborne in York-shire besides many of my Lord's and their servants In the other Ship was the Earl of Ethyne Lieutenant General of My Lord's Army and the Lord Cornworth But before My Lord landed at Hamborough his eldest Son Charles Lord Mansfield fell sick of the Small-Pox and not long after his younger Son Henry now Earl of Ogle fell likewise dangerously ill of the Measels but it pleased God that they both happily recovered My Lord finding his Company and Charge very great although he sent several of his Servants back again into England and having no means left to maintain him was forced to seek for Credit where at last he got so much as would in part relieve his necessities and whereas heretofore he had been contented for want of a Coach to make use of a Waggon when his occasions drew him abroad he was now able with the credit he had got to buy a Coach and nine Horses of an Holsatian breed for which Horses he paid 160 l. and was afterwards offer'd for one of them an hundred Pistols at Paris but he refused the money and presented seven of them to Her Majesty the Queen-Mother of England and kept two for his own use After my Lord had stay'd in Hamborough from Iuly 1644 till February 1645 4 he being resolved to go into France went by Sea from Hamborough to Amsterdam and from thence to Rotterdam where he sent one of his Servants with a Complement and tender of his humble Service to Her Highness the then Princess Royal the Queen of Bohemia the Princess Dowager of Orange and the Prince of Orange which was received with much kindness and civility From Rotterdam he directed his Journey to Antwerp and from thence with one Coach one Chariot and two Waggons he went to Mechlin and Brussels where he received a Visit from the Governour the Marquess of Castel Rodrigo the Duke of Lorrain and Count Piccolomini From thence he set forth for Valenchin and Cambray where the Governour of the Town used my Lord with great respect and civility and desired him to give the word that night Thence he went to Peroon a Frontier Town in France where the Vice-Governour in absence of the Governour of that place did likewise entertain my Lord with all respect and desired him to give the Word that night and so to Paris without any further stay My Lord being arrived at Paris which was in April 1645 immediately went to tender his humble duty to Her Majesty the Queen-Mother of England where it was my Fortune to see him the first time I being then one of the Maids of Honour to Her Majesty and after he had stay'd there some time he was pleased to take some particular notice of me and express more then an ordinary affection for me insomuch that he resolved to chuse me for his Second Wife for he having but two Sons purposed to marry me a young Woman that might prove fruitful to him and encrease his Posterity by a Masculine Off-spring Nay He was so desirous of Male-Issue that I have heard him say He cared not so God would be pleased to give him many Sons although they came to be Persons of the meanest Fortunes but God it seems had ordered it otherwise and frustrated his Designs by making me barren which yet did never lessen his Love and Affection for me After My Lord was married having no Estate or Means left him to maintain himself and his Family he was necessitated to seek for Credit and live upon the Courtesie of those that were pleased to Trust him which although they did for some while and shew'd themselves very civil to My Lord yet they grew weary at length insomuch that his Steward was forced one time to tell him That he was not able to provide a Dinner for him for his Creditors were resolved to trust him no longer My Lord being always a great master of his Passions was at least shew'd himself not in any manner troubled at it but in a pleasant humour told me that I must of necessity pawn my Cloaths to make so much Money as would procure a Dinner I answer'd That my Cloaths would be but of small value and therefore desired my Waiting-Maid to pawn some small toys which I had formerly given her which she willingly did The same day in the afternoon My Lord spake himself to his Creditors and both by his civil Deportment and perswasive Arguments obtained so much that they did not onely trust him for more necessaries but lent him Mony besides to redeem those Toys that were pawned Hereupon I sent my Waiting-Maid into England to my Brother the Lord Lucas for that small Portion which was left me and my Lord also immediately after dispatched one of his Servants who was then Governour to his Sons to some of
Crown but so soon as it fell that fell too and my Lord was then in a manner forced to seek his own preservation in foreign Countries where God was pleased to make strangers his Friends who received and protected him when he was banished his native Country and relieved him when his own Country-men sought to starve him by withholding from him what was justly his own onely for his Honesty and Loyalty which relief he received more from the Commons of those parts where he lived then from Princes he being unwilling to trouble any foreign Prince with his wants and miseries well knowing that Gifts of Great Princes come slowly and not without much difficulty neither loves he to petition any one but His own Soveraign But though my Lord by the civility of Strangers and the assistance of some few Friends of his native Country lived in an indifferent Condition yet as it hath been declared heretofore he was put to great plunges and difficulties in so much that his dear Brother Sir Charles Cavendish would often say That though he could not truly complain of want yet his meat never did him good by reason my Lord his Brother was always so near wanting that he was never sure after one meal to have another And though I was not afraid of starving or begging yet my chief fear was that my Lord for his debts would suffer Imprisonment where sadness of Mind and want of Exercise and Air would have wrought his destruction which yet by the Mercy of God he happily avoided Some time before the Restauration of His Majesty to his Royal Throne my Lord partly with the remainder of his Brothers Estate which was but little it being wasted by selling of Land for compounding with the Parliament paying of several debts and buying out the two Houses aforementioned viz. Welbeck and Bolsover and the Credit which his Sons had got which amounted in all to 2400 l. a year sprinkled something amongst his Creditors and borrowed so much of Mr. Top and Mr. Smith though without assurance that he could pay such scores as were most presssing contracted from the poorer sort of Trades-men and send ready mony to Market to avoid cozenage for small scores run up most unreasonably especially if no strict accounts be kept and the rate be left to the Creditors pleasure by which means there was in a short time so much saved as it could not have been imagined About this time a report came of a great number of Sectaries and of several disturbances in England which heightned my Lord's former hopes into a firm belief of a sudden Change in that Kingdom and a happy Restauration of His Majesty which it also pleased God to send according to his expectation for His Majesty was invited by his Subjects who were not able longer to endure those great confusions and encumbrances they had sustained hitherto to take possession of His Hereditary Rights aud the power of all his Dominions And being then at the Hague in Holland to take shipping in those parts for England my Lord went thither to wait on his Majesty who used my Lord very Graciously and his Highness the Duke of York was pleased to offer him one of those Ships that were ordered to transport His Majesty for which he returned his most humble thanks to his Highness and begg'd leave of His Highness that he might hire a Vessel for himself and his Company In the mean time whilst my Lord was at the Hague His Majesty was pleased to tell him That General Monk now Duke of Albemarle had desired the Place of being Master of the Horse To which my Lord answer'd That that gallant Person was worthy of any Favour that His Majesty could confer upon him And having taken his leave of His Majesty and His Highness the Duke of York went towards the Ship that was to transport him for England I might better call it a Boat then a Ship for those that were intrusted by my Lord to hire a Ship for that purpose had hired an old rotten Fregat that was lost the next Voyage after insomuch that when some of the Company that had promised to go over with my Lord saw it they turn'd back and would not endanger their lives in it except the Lord Widdrington who was resolved not to forsake my Lord. My Lord who was so transported with the joy of returning into his Native Countrey that he regarded not the Vessel having set Sail from Rotterdam was so becalmed that he was six dayes and six nights upon the Water during which time he pleased himself with mirth and pass'd his time away as well as he could Provisions he wanted not having them in great store and plenty At last being come so far that he was able to discern the smoak of London which he had not seen in a long time he merrily was pleased to desire one that was near him to jogg and awake him out of his dream for surely said he I have been sixteen years asleep and am not throughly awake yet My Lord lay that night at Greenwich where his Supper seem'd more savoury to him then any meat he had hitherto tasted and the noise of some scraping Fidlers he thought the pleasantest harmony that ever he had heard In the mean time my Lords Son Henry Lord Mansfield now Earl of Ogle was gone to Dover with intention to wait on His Majesty and receive my Lord his Father with all joy and duty thinking he had been with His Majesty but when he miss'd of his design he was very much troubled and more when His Majesty was pleas'd to tell him That my Lord had set to Sea before His Majesty Himself was gone out of Holland fearing my Lord had met with some Misfortune in his Journey because he had not heard of his Landing Wherefore he immediately parted from Dover to seek my Lord whom at last he found at Greenwich with what joy they embraced and saluted each other my Pen is too weak to express But all this while and after my Lord was gone from Antwerp I was left alone there with some of my servants for my Lord being in Holland with His Majesty declared in a Letter to me his intention of going for England withal commanding me to stay in that City as a Pawn for his debts until he could compass money to discharge them and to excuse him to the Magistrates of the said City for not taking his leave of them and paying his due thanks for their great civilities which he desired me to do in his behalf And certainly my Lords affection to me was such that it made him very industrious in providing those means for it being uncertain what or whether he should have any thing of his Estate made it a difficult business for him to borrow Mony At last he received some of one Mr. Ash now Sir Ioseph Ash a Merchant of Antwerp which he returned to me but what with the expence I had made in the mean while and
Nature is so generous that he hates to be Mercenary and never minds his own Profit or Interest in any Trust or Employment more then the good and benefit of him that intrusts or employs him But as I said heretofore these are but petty Losses in comparison of those he sustained by the late Civil Warrs whereof I shall partly give you an account I say partly for though it may be computed what the loss of the Annual Rents of his Lands amounts to of which he never received the least worth for himself and his own profit during the time both of his being employed in the Service of Warr and his Sufferings in Banishment as also the loss of those Lands that are alienated from him both in present possession and in reversion and of his Parks and Woods that were cut down yet it is impossible to render an exact account of his Personal Estate As for his Rents during the time he acted in the Warrs though he suffer'd others to gather theirs for their own use yet his own either went for the use of the Army or fell into the hands of the Enemy or were suppress'd and with-held from him by the Cozenage of his Tenants and Officers my Lord being then not able to look after them himself About the time when His late Majesty undertook the expedition into Scotland for the suppressing of some insurrection that happened there My Lord as afore is mentioned amongst the rest lent His Majesty 10000 l. sterling But having newly married a Daughter to the then Lord Brackly now Earl of Bridgwater whose portion was 12000 l. the moiety whereof was paid in Gold on the day of her marriage and the rest soon after although she was too young to be bedded This together with some other expences caused him to take up the said 10000 l. at Interest the Use whereof he paid many years after Also when after his sixteen years Banishment he returned into England before he knew what Estate was left him and was able to receive any Rents of his own he was necessitated to take 5000 l. upon Use for the maintenance of himself and his Family whereof the now Earl of Devonshire his Cousin German once removed lent him 1000 l. for which and the former 1000 l. mentioned heretofore he never desired nor received any Use from my Lord which I mention to declare the favour and bounty of that Noble Lord. But though it is impossible to render an exact account of all the losses which My Lord has sustained by the said Wars yet as far as they are accountable I shall endeavour to represent them in these following Particulars In the first place I shall give you a just particular of My Lords Estate in Lands as it was before the Wars partly according to the value of his own Surveighers and partly according to the rate it is let at this present Next I shall accompt the Woods cut down by the Rebellious Party in several places of My Lords Estate Thirdly I shall compute the Value of those Lands which My Lord hath lost both in present possession and in reversion that is to say those which he has lost altogether both for himself and his Posterity and those he has recovered onely during the time of his life and which his onely Son and Heir the now Earl of Ogle must lose after his Fathers decease Fourthly I shall make mention how much of Land my Lord hath been forced to sell for the payment of some of his Debts contracted during the time of the late Civil Wars and when his Estate was sequestred I say some for there are a great many to pay yet To which I shall Fifthly add the Composition of his Brothers Estate and the loss of it for Eight years A Particular of My Lords Estate in plain Rents as it was partly surveighed in the Year 1641 and partly is let at this present Nottingham-shire  l. s. d. THe Mannor of Welbeck 0600 00 00 l. s. d. 6229 07 11 The Mannor of Norton Carbarton and the Granges 0454 19 01 Warksopp 0051 06 08 The Mannor-house of Soakholm 0308 10 03 The Manor of Clipston Edwinstow 0334 09 08 Drayton 0008 16 06 Dunham 0099 17 08 Sutton 0185 00 05 The Mannor of Kirby c. 1075 07 02 The Mannor of Cotham 0833 18 08 The Mannor of Sitthorp 0704 01 00 Carcholston 0450 03 00 Hauksworth c. 0139 04 02 Flawborough 0512 11 08 Mearing and Holm-Meadow 0471 02 00 Lincoln-shire Wellinger and Ingham Meales 0100 00 00 Derby-shire The Barrony of Bolsover and Woodthorp 0846 08 11 6128 11 10 The Mannor of Chesterfield 0378 00 00 The Mannor of Barlow 0796 17 06 Tissington 0159 11 00 Dronfield 0486 15 10 The Mannor of Brampton 0142 04 08 Little Longston 0087 02 00 The Mannor of Stoak 0212 03 00 Birth-Hall and Peak-Forrest 0131 08 00 The Mannor of Gringlow 0156 08 00 The Mannor of Hucklow 0162 10 08 The Mannor of Blackwall 0306 00 04 Buxton and Tids-Hall 0153 02 00 Mansfield-Park 0100 00 00 Mappleton and Thorp 0207 05 00 The Mannor of Windly-Hill 0238 18 00 The Mannor of Litchurch and Markworth 0713 15 01 Church and Meynel Langly Mannor 0850 01 00 Stafford-shire  l. s. d. The Mannor of Bloar with Caulton 0573 13 04 l. s. d. 2349 17 04 The Mannor of Grindon Cauldon with Waterfull 0822 03 00 The Mannor of Cheadle with Kinsly 0259 18 00 The Mannor of Barleston c. 0694 03 00 Glocester-shire The Manor of Tormorton with Litleton 1193 16 00 1581 19 02 The Mannor of Acton Turvil 0388 03 02 Summerset-shire The Mannor of Chewstoak 0816 15 06 1303 13 10 Knighton Sutton 0300 14 04 Stroud and Kingsham-Park 0186 04 00 York-shire The Manors of Slingsby Hoverngham and Friton Northinges and Pomfret 1700 00 00 Northumberland The Barrony of Bothal Ogle and Hepple c 3000 00 00  Totall 22393 10 01 That this Particular of My Lords Estate was no less then is mentioned may partly appear by the rate as it was surveighed and sold by the Rebellious Parliament for they raised towards the later end of their power which was in the year 1652 out of my Lords Estate the summe of 111593 l. 10s 11d at five years and a half Purchase which was at above the rate of 18000 l. a year besides Woods and his Brother Sir Cavendish's Estate which Estate was 2000 l. a year which falls not much short of the mentioned account and certainly had they not sold such Lands at easie rates few would have bought them by reason the Purchasers were uncertain how long they should enjoy their purchase Besides Under-Officers do not usually refuse Bribes and it is well known that the Surveighers did under-rate Estates according as they were feed by the Purchasers Again many of the Estates of banished Persons were given to Soldiers for the payment of their Arrears who again sold them to others which would buy them at easier rates But
of My Lords together with some Notes and Remarques of mine own which I thought most convenient to place by themselves at the end of this Work rather then to intermingle them with the Body of the History It might be some prejudice to my Lord's Glory and the credit of this History not to take notice of a very considerable thing I have heard which is That when his Lordship's Army had got so much Strength and Reputation that the Rebellious Parliament finding themselves overpower'd with it rather then to be utterly ruin'd as was unavoidable did call the Scots to their Assistance with a promise to reward so great a Service with the Four Northern Counties of Northumberland Cumberland Westmerland and the Bishoprick of Durham which I have not mention'd in the Book And it is most certain That the Parliaments Forces were never Powerful nor their Commanders or Officers Famous until such time as my Lord was overpower'd neither could Loyalty have been over-power'd by Rebellion had not Treachery had better Fortune then Prudence When I speak of my Lord's Pedigree where Thomas Earl of Arundel Grandfather to the now Duke of Norfolk is mention'd they have left out William Viscount Stafford one of his Sons who did marry the Heir of the last Baron Stafford descended from the Dukes of Buckingham which was set down in my Original Manuscript Some of those Omissions and very probably others are happened partly for want of timely Information and chiefly by the death of my Secretary who did copy my Writings for the Press and dy'd in London attending that Service afore the Printing of the Book was quite finish'd And as I hope of your Favour to be excus'd for omitting those things in the Book so I expect of your Justice to be approv'd in putting them here though somewhat unseasonably Before I end this Preface I do beseech my Readers not to mistake me when I speak of my Lord's Banishment as if I would conceal that he went voluntarily out of his Native Country for it is most true that his Lordship prudently perceiving all the King's Party lost not onely in England but also in Scotland and Ireland and that it was impossible to withstand the Rebels after the fatal overthrow of his Army his Lordship in a poor and mean condition quitted his own Countrey and went beyond Sea soon after which the Rebels having got an Absolute Power and granted a general Pardon to all those that would come in to them upon composition at the Rates they had set down his Lordship with but few others was excepted from it both for Life and Estate and did remain thus banish'd till His Majesties happy Restauration I must also acknowledg That I have committed great Errors in taking no notice of Times as I should have done in many places of this History I mention in one place the Queen Mothers being in France when my Lord went thither but do not say in what year that was Nor do I express when His Majesty our now Gracious Soveraign came in and went out again several times from that Kingdom which has happen'd for want of Memory and I desire my Readers to excuse me for it No body can certainly be more ready to find faults in this Work then I am to confess them being very conscious that I have as I told my Lord I should committed many for want of Learning and chiefly of skill in writing Histories But having according to his Lordships Commands written his Actions and Fortunes truly and plainly I have reason to expect that whatsoever else shall be found amiss will be favourably pardoned by the candid Readers to whom I wish all manner of happiness AN EPISTLE TO HER GRACE THE Duchess of Newcastle May it please your Grace I Have been taught and do believe That Obedience is better then Sacrifice and know that both are due from me to your Grace and since I have been so long in obeying your Commands I shall not presume to use any Arguments for my excuse but rather chuse ingeniously to confess my fault and beg your Graces Pardon And because forgiveness is a Glory to the supreamest Powers I will hope that your Grace by that great example will make it yours And now I humbly take leave to represent to your Grace as faithfully and truly as my memory will serve me all my Observations of the most memorable Actions and honourable Deportments of His Grace my most Noble Lord and Master William Duke of Newcastle in the execution and Performance of the Trusts and high Employments committed and commended to his care and charge by three Kings of England that is to say King James King Charles the First of ever blessed Memory and our Gracious King Charles the Second under whom he hath had the happiness to live and the honour to serve them in several capacities And because I humbly conceive that it is not within the intention of your Graces Commands that I should give you a particular Relation of His Graces High Birth his Noble and Princely Education and Breeding both at home and abroad his Natural Faculties and Personal Vertues his Iustice Bounty Charity Friendship his Right Approved Courage and True Valour not grounded upon or govern'd by Passion but Reason his Magnificent manner of living and supporting his Dignity testified by his great Entertainments of their Majesties and his private Friends upon all fit occasions besides his ordinary and constant House-keeping and Attendants some for Honour and some for business wherein he exceeded most of his Quality and that he was and is an incomparable Master to his Servants is sufficiently testified by all or most of the chiefest of them living and dying in His Graces Service which is an Argument that they thought themselves as happy therein as the World could make them nor of his well-chosen Pleasures which were principally Horses of all sorts but more particularly Horses of Mannage His Study and Art of the true use of the Sword His Magnificent Buidings These are his chiefest Delights wherein his Grace spared for no cost nor charge which are sufficiently manifested to the World for other Delights as those of running Horses Hawking Hunting c. His Grace used them meerly for societies sake and out of a generous and obliging Nature to please others though his knowledg in them excelled as well as in the other And yet notwithstanding these his large and vast expences before his Grace was called to the Court he encreased his Revenue by way of Purchase to a great value and when he was called to the Court he was then free from Debts and as I have heard some Thousands of Pounds in his Purse These Particulars and as many more of this kind as would swell a Volume I could enumerate to your Grace but that they are so well known to your Grace it would be a Presumption in me rather then a Service to give your Grace that trouble and therefore I humbly forbear and proceed according to
his Friends to try what means he could procure for his subsistance but though he used all the industry and endeavour he could yet he effected but little by reason every body was so affraid of the Parliament that they durst not relieve Him who was counted a Traitor for his Honest and Loyal service to his King and Country Not long after My Lord had profers made him of some Rich Matches in England for his two Sons whom therefore he sent thither with one Mr. Loving hoping by that means to provide both for them and himself but they being arrived there out of some reasons best known to them declared their unwillingness to Marry as yet continuing nevertheless in England and living as well as they could Some two years after my Lord's Marriage when he had prevailed so far with his Creditors that they began to trust him anew the first thing he did was that he removed out of those Lodgings in Paris where he had been necessitated to live hitherto to a House which he hired for himself and his Family and furnished it as well as his new gotten Credit would permit and withal resolving for his own recreation and divertisement in his banished condition to exercise the Art of Mannage which he is a great lover and Master of bought a Barbary-horse for that purpose which cost him 200 Pistols and soon after another Barbary-horse from the Lord Crofts for which he was to pay him 100 l. when he returned into England About this time there was a Council call'd at St. Germain in which were present besides My Lord Her Majesty the now Queen Mother of England His Highness the Prince our now gracious King His Cousin Prince Rupert the Marquess of Worcester the then Marquess now Duke of Ormond the Lord Iermyn now Earl of St. Albans and several others where after several debates concerning the then present condition of His Majesty King Charles the First my Lord delivered his sentiment that he could perceive no other probability of procuring Forces for His Majesty but an assistance of the Scots But Her Majesty was pleased to answer my Lord That he was too quick Not long after When my Lord had begun to settle himsef in his mentioned new house His gracious Master the Prince having taken a resolution to go into Holland upon some designs Her Majesty the Queen Mother desired my Lord to follow him promising to engage for his debts which hitherto he had contracted at Paris and commanding Her Controller and Treasurer to be bound for them in Her behalf which they did although the Creditors would not content themselves until my Lord had joined his word to theirs So great and generous was the bounty and favour of Her Majesty to my Lord considering she had already given him heretofore near upon 2000 l. Sterling even at that time when Her Majesty stood most in need of it My Lord after his Highness the Prince was gone being ready to execute Her Majesties Commands in following Him and preparing for his Journey wanted the chief thing which was Money and having much endeavoured for it at last had the good Fortune to obtain upon Credit three or four hundred pounds sterl With which Sum he set out of Paris in the same Equipage he entred viz. One Coach which he had newly caused to be made wherein were the Lord Widdrington my Lord's Brother Sir Charles Cavendish Mr. Loving my Waiting-Maid and some others whereof the two later were then returned out of England one little Chariot that would onely hold my Lord and my self and three Waggons besides an indifferent number of Servants on Horse-back That day when we left Paris the Creditors coming to take their Farwell of my Lord expressed so great a love and kindness for him accompanied vvith so many hearty Prayers and Wishes that he could not but prosper on his Journey Being come into the King of Spain's Dominions my Lord found a very Noble Reception At Cambray the Governour vvas so civil that my Lord coming to that place somevvhat late and vvhen it vvas dark he commanded some Lights and Torches to meet my Lord and conduct him to his Lodgings He offer'd my Lord the Keys of the City and desir'd him to give the Word that night and moreover invited him to an Entertainment which he had made for him of purpose but it being late my Lord tyred with his Journey excused himself as civilly as he could the Governour notwithstanding being pleased to send all manner of Provisions to my Lords Lodgings and charging our Landlord to take no pay for any thing we had Which extraordinary Civilities shewed that he was a Right Noble Spaniard The next morning early my Lord went on his Journey and was very civilly used in every place of His Majesty of Spain's Dominions where he arrived At last coming to Antwerp He took water to Rotterdam which Town he chose for his residing place during the time of his stay in Holland and sent thither to a Friend of his a Gentleman of Quality to provide him some Lodgings which he did and procured them at the house of one Mrs. Banaum Widow to an English Merchant who had always been very Loyal to His Majesty the King of England and serviceable to His Majesties faithful Subjects in whatsoever lay in his Power My Lord being come to Rotterdam was informed that His Highness the Prince now our Gracious King was gone to Sea Wherefore he resolved to follow him and for that purpose hired a Boat and victual'd it but since no body knew whither His Highness was gone and I being unwilling that my Lord should venture upon so uncertain a Voyage and as the Proverb is Seek a Needle in a Bottle of Hay he desisted from that design The Lord Widdrington nevertheless and Sir Will. Throckmorton being resolved to find out the Prince but having by a storm been driven towards the Coast of Scotland and endangered their lives they returned without obtaining their aim After some little time my Lord having notice that the Prince was arrived at the Hague he went to wait on His Highness which he also did afterwards at several times so long as His Highness continued there expecting some opportunity where he might be able to shew his readiness to serve His King and Countrey as certainly there was no little hopes for it for first it was believed that the English Fleet would come and render it self into the obedience of the Prince next it was reported that the Duke of Hamilton was going out of Scotland with a great Army into England to the assistance of His Majesty and that His Majesty had then some party at Colchester but it pleased God that none of these proved effectual For the Fleet did not come in the Duke of Hamilton's Army was destroyed and Colchester was taken by the Enemy where my dear Brother Sir Charles Lucas and his dear Friend Sir George Lile were most inhumanly murther'd and shot to death they
being both Valiant and Heroick Persons good Soldiers and most Loyal Subjects to His Majesty the one an excellent Commander of Horse the other of Foot My Lord having now lived in Rotterdam almost six months at a great charge keeping an open and noble Table for all comers and being pleased especially to entertain such as were excellent Soldiers and noted Commanders of War whose kindness he took as a great Obligation still hoping that some occasion would happen to invite those worthy Persons into England to serve His Majesty but seeing no probability of either returning into England or doing His Majesty any service in that kind he resolved to retire to some place where he might live privately and having chosen the City of Antwerp for that purpose went to the Hague to take his leave of His Highness the Prince our now gracious Soveraign My Lord had then but a small stock of money left for though the then Marquess of Hereford after Duke of S omerset and his Cousin-German once removed the now Earl of Devonshire had lent him 2000 l. between them yet all that was spent and above 1000 l. more which my Lord borrowed during the time he lived in Rotterdam his Expence being the more by reason as I mentioned he lived freely and nobly However my Lord notwithstanding that little provision of Money he had set forth from Rotterdam to Antwerp where for some time he lay in a publick Inne until one of his Friends that had a great love and respect for my Lord Mr. Endymion Porter who was Groom of the Bed-chamber to His Majesty King Charles the First a place not onely honourable but very profitable being not willing that a Person of such Quality as my Lord should lie in a publick House profer'd him Lodgings at the House where he was and would not let my Lord be at quiet until he had accepted of them My Lord after he had stay'd some while there endeavouring to find out a House for himself which might fit him and his small Family for at that time he had put off most of his Train and also be for his own content lighted on one that belonged to the Widow of a famous Picture-drawer Van Ruben which he took About this time my Lord was much necessitated for Money which forced him to try several ways for to obtain so much as would relieve his present wants At last Mr. Alesbury the onely Son to Sir Th. Alesbury Knight and Baronet and Brother to the now Countess of Clarendon a very worthy Gentleman and great Friend to my Lord having some Moneys that belonged to the now Duke of Buckingham and seeing my Lord in so great distress did him the favour to lend him 200 l. which money my Lord since his return hath honestly and justly repai'd This relief came so seasonably that it got my Lord Credit in the City of Antwerp whereas otherwise he would have lost himself to his great disadvantage for my Lord having hired the house aforementioned and wanting Furniture for it was credited by the Citizens for as many Goods as he was pleased to have as also for Meat and Drink and all kind of necessaries and provisions which certainly was a special Blessing of God he being not onely a stranger in that Nation but to all appearance a Ruined man After my Lord had been in Antwerp sometime where he lived as retiredly as it was possible for him to do he gained much love and respect of all that knew or had any business with him At the beginning of our coming thither we found but few English except those that were Merchants but afterwards their number increased much especially of Persons of Quality and whereas at first there were no more but four Coaches that went the Tour viz. the Governors of the Castle my Lords and two more they amounted to the number of above a hundred before we went from thence for all those that had sufficient means and could go to the price kept Coaches and went the Tour for their own pleasure And certainly I cannot in duty and conscience but give this Publick Testimony to that place That whereas I have observ'd that most commonly such Towns or Cities where the Prince of that Country doth not reside himself or where there is no great resort of the chief Nobility and Gentry are but little civilised Certainly the Inhabitants of the said City of Antwerp are the civilest and best behaved People that ever I saw so that my Lord lived there with as much content as a man of his condition could do and his chief pastime and divertisement consisted in the Mannage of the two afore mentioned Horses which he had not enjoyed long but the Barbary-horse for which he paid 200 Pistols in Paris died and soon after the Horse which he had from the Lord Crofts and though he wanted present means to repair these his losses yet he endeavoured and obtained so much Credit at last that he was able to buy two others and by degrees so many as amounted in all to the number of 8. In which he took so much delight and pleasure that though he was then in distress for Money yet he would sooner have tried all other ways then parted with any of them for I have hear'd him say that good Horses are so rare as not to be valued for Mony and that He who would buy him out of his Pleasure meaning his Horses must pay dear for it For instance I shall mention some passages which happen'd when My Lord was in Antwerp First A stranger coming thither and seeing my Lords Horses had a great mind to buy one of them which my Lord loved above the rest and called him his Favourite a fine Spanish Horse intreating my Lords Escuyer to acquaint him with his desire and ask the price of the said Horse My Lord when he heard of it commanded his Servant that if the Chapman returned he should be brought before him which being done accordingly my Lord asked him whether he was resolved to buy his Spanish Horse Yes answered he my Lord and I 'le give your Lordship a good price for him I make no doubt of it replied My Lord or else you shall not have him But you must know said he that the price of that Horse is 1000 l. today tomorrow it will be 2000 l. next day 3000 l. and so forth By which the Chapman perceiving that my Lord was unwilling to part with the said Horse for any Money took his leave and so went his ways The next was That the Duke de Guise who was also a great lover of good Horses hearing much Commendation of a gray leaping Horse which my Lord then had told the Gentleman that praised and commended him That if my Lord was willing to sell the said Horse he would give 600 Pistols for him The Gentleman knowing my Lords humour answered again That he was confident my Lord would never part with him for any mony and to that
this Answer That I could not expect the least allowance by reason my Lord and Husband had been the greatest Traitor of England that is to say the honestest man because he had been most against them Then Sir Charles intrusted some persons to compound for his Estate but it being a good while before they agreed in their Composition and then before the Rents could be received we having in the mean time nothing to live on must of necessity have been starved had not Sir Charles got some Credit of several Persons and that not without great difficulty for all those that had Estates were afraid to come near him much less to assist him until he was sure of his own Estate So much is Misery and Poverty shun'd But though our Condition was hard yet my dear Lord and Husband whom we left in Antwerp was then in a far greater distress then our selves for at our departure he had nothing but what his Credit was able to procure him and having run upon the score so long without paying any the least part thereof his Creditors began to grow impatient and resolved to trust him no longer Wherefore he sent me word That if his Brother did not presently relieve him he was forced to starve Which doleful news caused great sadness and melancholy in us both and withal made his Brother try his utmost endeavour to procure what moneys he could for his subsistance who at last got 200 l. sterl upon Credit which he immediately made over to my Lord. But in the mean time before the said money could come to his hands my Lord had been forced to send for all his Creditors and declare to them his great wants and necessities where his Speech was so effectual and made such an impression in them that they had all a deep sense of my Lords Misfortunes and instead of urging the payment of his Debts promised him That he should not want any thing in whatsoever they were able to assist him which they also very nobly and civilly performed furnishing him with all manner of provisions and necessaries for his further subsistance so that my Lord was then in a much better condition amongst strangers then we in our Native Countrey At last when Sir Charles Cavendish had compounded for his Estate and agreed to pay 4500 l. for it the Parliament caused it again to be surveyed and made him pay 500 l. more which was more then many others had paid for much greater Estates so that Sir Charles to pay this Composition and discharge some Debts was necessitated to sell some Land of his at an under-rate My Lords two Sons who were also in England at that time were no less in want and necessity then we having nothing but bare Credit to live on and my Lords Estate being then to be sold outright Sir Charles his Brother endeavoured if possible to save the two chief Houses viz. Welbeck and Bolsover being resolved rather to part with some more of his Land which he had lately compounded for then to let them fall into the Enemies hands but before such time as he could compass the money some body had bought Bolsover with an intention to pull it down and make money of the Materials of whom Sir Charles was forced to buy it again at a far greater Rate then he might have had it at first notwithstanding a great part of it was pulled down already and though my Lords eldest Son Charles Lord Mansfield had those mentioned Houses some time in possession after the death of his Uncle yet for want of Means he was not able to repair them I having now been in England a year and a half some Intelligence which I received of my Lords being not very well and the small hopes I had of getting some relief out of his Estate put me upon design of returning to Antwerp to my Lord and Sir Charles his Brother took the same resolution but was prevented by an Ague that seized upon him Not long had I been with my Lord but we received the sad news of his Brothers death which was an extream affliction both to my Lord and my self for they loved each other entirely In truth He was a Person of so great worth such extraordinary civility so obliging a Nature so full of Generosity Justice and Charity besides all manner of Learning especially in the Mathematicks that not onely his Friends but even his Enemies did much lament his loss After my return out of England to my Lord the Creditors supposing I had brought great store of money along with me came all to my Lord to solicite the payment of their Debts but when my Lord had informed them of the truth of the business and desired their patience somewhat longer with assurance that so soon as he received any money he would honestly and justly satisfie them they were not onely willing to forbear the payment of those Debts he had contracted hitherto but to credit him for the future and supply him with such Necessaries as he should desire of them And this was the onely happiness which my Lord had in his distressed condition and the chief blessing of the Eternal and Merciful God in whose Power are all things who ruled the hearts and minds of men and filled them with Charity and Compassion for certainly it was a work of Divine Providence that they shewed so much love respect and honour to my Lord a stranger to their Nation and notwithstanding his ruined Condition and the small appearance of recovering his own credited him wheresoever he lived both in France Holland Brabant and Germany that although my Lord was banished his Native Countrey and dispossessed from his own Estate could nevertheless live in so much Splendor and Grandure as he did In this Condition and how little soever the appearance was my Lord was never without hopes of seeing yet before his death a happy issue of all his misfortunes and sufferings especially of the Restauration of His most Gracious King and Master to His Throne and Kingly Rights whereof he always had assured Hopes well knowing that it was impossible for the Kingdom to subsist long under so many changes of Government and whensoever I expressed how little faith I had in it he would gently reprove me saying I believ'd least what I desir'd most and could never be happy if I endeavour'd to exclude all hopes and entertain'd nothing but doubts and fears The City of Antwerp in which we lived being a place of great resort for Strangers and Travellers His Majesty our now gracious King Charles the Second passed thorough it when he went his Journey towards Germany and after my Lord had done his humble duty and waited on His Majesty He was pleased to Honour him with His Presence at his House The same did almost all strangers that were Persons of Quality if they made any stay in the Town they would come and visit my Lord and see the Mannage of his Horses And amongst the rest
chiefly it appears by the rate as my Lords Estate is let at present there being several of the mentioned Lands that are let at a higher rate now then they were surveighed nor are they all valued in the mentioned particular according to the surveigh but many of them which were not surveighed are accounted according to the rate they are let at this present The Loss of my Lords Estate in plain Rents as also upon ordinary Use and Use upon Use is as followeth The Annual Rent of My Lords Lands viz. 22393 l. 10 s. 1 d. being lost for the space of 18 years which was the time of his acting in the Wars and of his Banishment without any benefit to him reckoned without any Interest amounts to 403083 l. But being accounted with the ordinary Use at Six in the Hundred and Use upon Use for the mentioned space of 18 Years it amounts to 733579 l. But some perhaps will say That if My Lord had enjoyed his Estate he would have spent it at least so much as to maintain himself according to his degree and quality I answer That it is very improbable My Lord should have spent all his Estate if he had enjoyed it he being a man of great Wisdom and Prudence knowing well how to spend and how to manage for though he lived nobly before the time of the Wars yet not beyond the Compass of his Estate nay so far he would have been from spending his Estate that no doubt but he would have increast it to a vast value as he did before the Wars where notwithstanding his Hospitality and noble House-keeping his charges of Building came to about 31000 l the portion of his second Daughter which was 12000 l the noble entertainments he gave King Charles the First one whereof came to almost 15000 l. another to above 4000 l and a third to 1700 l. as hereafter shall be mentioned and his great expences during the time of his being Governour to His Majesty that now is he yet encreased his Estate to the value of 100000 l which is 5000 per annum when it was by so much less But if any one will reckon the charges of his House-keeping during the time of his Exile and when he had not the enjoyment of his Estate he may substract the sum accounted for the payment of his debts contracted in the time of his Banishment which went to the maintenance of himself and his Family or in lieu thereof considering that I do not account all My Lords losses but onely those that are certainly known he may compare it with the loss of his personal Estate whereof I shall make some mention anon and he 'll find that I do not heighten my Lords Losses but rather diminish them for surely the losses of his personal Estate and those I account not will counterballance the charges of his House-keeping if not exceed them Again others will say That there was much Land sold in the time of My Lords Banishment by his Sons and Feoffees in Trust. I answer First That whatsoever was sold was first bought of the Rebellious Power Next although they sold some Lands yet My Lord knew nothing of it neither did he receive a penny worth for himself neither of what they purchased nor sold all the time of his Banishment till his return And thus much of the loss of My Lords Estate in Rents Concerning the loss of his Parks and Woods as much as is generally known for I do not reckon particular Trees cut down in several of his Woods yet standing 't is as follows 1. Clipston-Park and Woods cut down to the value of 20000 l. 2. Kirkby-Woods for which my Lord was formerly proferr'd 10000 l. 3. Woods cut down in Derbyshire 8000 l. 4. Red-lodg-Wood Rome-wood and others near Welbeck 4000 l. 5. Woods cut down in Stafford-shire 1000 l. 6. Woods cut down in York-shire 1000 l. 7. Woods cut down in Northumberland 1500 l. The Total 45000 l. The Lands which My Lord hath lost in present posession are 2015 l. per annum which at 20 years purchase come to 40300 l. and those which he hath lost in Reversion are 3214 l. per annum which at 16 years purchase amount to the value of 51424 l. The Lands which my Lord since his return has sold for the payment of some of his debts occasioned by the Wars for I do not reckon those he sold to buy others come to the value of 56000 l. to which out of his yearly revenue he has added 10000 l. more which is in all 66000 l. Lastly The Composition of his Brothers Estate was 5000 l. and the loss of it for eight years comes to 16000 l. All which if summ'd up together amounts to 941303 l. These are the accountable losses which My Dear Lord and Husband has suffered by the late Civil Wars and his Loyalty to his King and Country Concerning the loss of his personal Estate since as I often mentioned it cannot be exactly known I shall not endeavour to set down the Particulars thereof onely in General give you a Note of what partly they are 1. The pulling down of several of his dwelling or Mannor-houses 2. The disfurnishing of them of which the Furniture at Bolsover and Welbeck was very noble and rich Out of his London-house at Clarken-well there were taken amongst other Goods suits of Linnen viz. Table-Cloths Sideboard-cloths Napkins c. whereof one suit cost 160 l. they being bought for an Entertainment which My Lord made for Their Majesties King Charles the First and the Queen at Bolsover-Castle And of 150 Suits of Hangings of all sorts in all his Houses there were not above 10 or 12 saved Of Silver-plate My Lord had so much as came to the value of 3800 l. besides several Curiosities of Cabinets Cups and other things which after My Lord was gone out of England were taken out of his Mannor house Welbeck by a Garison of the Kings Party that lay therein whereof he recovered onely 1100 l. which Money was sent him beyond the Seas the rest was lost As for Pewter Brass Bedding Linnen and other Houshold-stuff there was nothing else left but some few old Feather-beds and those all spoiled and fit for no use 3. My Lord's Stock of Corn Cattel c. was very great before the Warrs by reason of the largeness and capacity of those grounds and the great number of Granges he kept for his own use as for example Barlow Carkholston Gleadthorp Welbeck and several more which were all well manured and stockt But all this stock was lost besides his Race of Horses in his Grounds Grange-Horses Hackny-Horses Mannage-Horses Coach-Horses and others he kept for his use To these Losses I may well and justly join the charges which my Lord hath been put to since his return into England by reason they were caused by the ruines of the said Warrs whereof I reckon 1. His Law-suits which have been very chargeable to him more then advantagious 2. The
Stocking Manuring Paling Stubbing Hedging c. of his Grounds and Parks where it is to be noted That no advantage or benefit can be made of Grounds under the space of three years and of Cattel not under five or six 3. The repairing and furnishing of some of his Dwelling-Houses 4. The setting up a Race or Breed of Horses as he had before the Warrs for which purpose he hath bought the best Mares he could get for money In short I can reckon 12000 l. laid out barely for the repair of some Ruines which my Lord could not be without there being many of them to repair yet neither is this all that is laid out but much more which I cannot well remember nor is there more but one Grange stock'd amongst several that were kept for furnishing his House with Provisions As for other Charges and Losses which My Lord hath sustained since his return I will not reckon them because my design is onely to account such losses as were caused by the Wars By which as they have been mentioned it may easily be concluded That although My Lord's Estate was very great before the Wars yet now it is shrunk into a very narrow compass that it puts his Prudence and Wisdom to the Proof to make it serve his necessities he having no other assistance to bear him up and yet notwithstanding all this he hath since his return paid both for Himself and his Son all manner of Taxes Lones Levies Assessments c. equally with the rest of His Majesties Subjects according to that Estate that is left him which he has been forced to take upon Interest The Third Book THus having given you a faithful Account of all My Lords Actions both before in and after the Civil Warrs and of his Losses I shall now conclude with some particular heads concerning the description of his own Person his Natural Humour Disposition Qualities Vertues his Pedigree Habit Diet Exercises c. together with some other Remarks and Particulars which I thought requisite to be inserted both to illustrate the former Books and to render the History of his Life more perfect and compleat 1. Of his Power After His Majesty King Charles the First had entrusted my Lord with the Power of raising Forces for His Majesties Service he effected that which never any Subject did nor was in all probability able to do for though many Great and Noble Persons did also raise Forces for His Majesty yet they were Brigades rather then well-formed Armies in comparison to my Lord's The reason was That my Lord by his Mother the Daughter of Cuthbert Lord Ogle being allyed to most of the most ancient Families in Northumberland and other the Northern parts could pretend a greater Interest in them then a stranger for they through a natural affection to my Lord as their own Kinsman would sooner follow him and under his Conduct sacrifice their Lives for His Majesty's Service then any body else well knowing That by deserting my Lord they deserted themselves and by this means my Lord raised first a Troup of Horse consisting of a hundred and twenty and a Regiment of Foot and then an Army of Eight thousand Horse Foot and Dragoons in those parts and afterwards upon this ground at several times and in several places so many several Troups Regiments and Armies that in all from the first to the last they amounted to above 100000 men and those most upon his own Interest and without any other considerable help or assistance which was much for a particular Subject and in such a conjuncture of time for since Armies are soonest raised by Covetousness Fear aud Faction that is to say upon a constant and setled Pay upon the Ground of Terrour and upon the Ground of Rebellion but very seldom or never upon uncertainty of Pay and when it is as hazardous to be of such a Party as to be in the heat of a Battel also when there is no other design but honest duty it may easily be conceived that my Lord could have no little love and affection when He raised his Army upon snch grounds as could promise them but little advantage at that time Amongst the rest of his Army My Lord had chosen for his own Regiment of Foot 3000 of such Valiant stout and faithful men whereof many were bred in the Moorish-grounds of the Northern parts that they were ready to die at my Lord's feet and never gave over whensoever they were engaged in action until they had either conquer'd the Enemy or lost their lives They were called White-coats for this following reason My Lord being resolved to give them new Liveries and there being not red Cloth enough to be had took up so much of white as would serve to cloath them desiring withal their patience until he had got it dyed but they impatient of stay requested my Lord that he would be pleased to let them have it un-dyed as it was promising they themselves would die it in the Enemies Blood Which request my Lord granted them and from that time they were called White-Coats To give you some instances of their Valour and Courage I must beg leave to repeat some passages mentioned in the first Book The Enemy having closely besieged the City of York and made a passage into the Mannor-yard by springing a Mine under the Wall thereof was got into the Mannor-house with a great number of their Forces which My Lord perceiving he immediately went and drew 80 of the said White-coats thither who with the greatest Courage went close up to the Enemy and having charged them fell Pell-mell with the But-ends of their Musquets upon them and with the assistance of the rest that renewed their Courage by their example kill'd and took 1500 and by that means saved the Town How valiantly they behaved themselves in the last fatal Battel upon Hessom-moor near York has been also declared heretofore in so much that although most of the Army were fled yet they would not stir until by the Enemies Power they were overcome and most of them slain in rank and file Their love and affection to my Lord was such that it lasted even when he was deprived of all his power and could do them little good to which purpose I shall mention this following passage My Lord being in Antwerp received a Visit from a Gentleman who came out of England and rendred My Lord thanks for his safe Escape at Sea My Lord being in amaze not knowing what the Gentleman meant he was pleased to acquaint Him that in his coming over Sea out of England he was set upon by Pickaroons who having examined him and the rest of his Company at last some asked him whether he knew the Marquess of Newcastle To whom he answered That he knew him very well and was going over into the same City where my Lord lived Whereupon they did not onely take nothing from him but used him with all Civility and desired him to remember
service 5. After Her Majesty had taken a resolution to go from York to Oxford where the King then was my Lord for Her safer conduct quitted 7000 men of his Army with a convenient Train of Artillery which likewise never returned to my Lord. 6. When the Earl of Montross was going into Scotland he went to my Lord at Durham and desired of him a supply of some Forces for His Majesties service where my Lord gave him 200 Horse and Dragoons even at such a time when he stood most in need of a supply himself and thought every day to encounter the Scottish Army 7. When my Lord out of the Northern parts went into Lincoln and Derby-shires with his Army to order and reduce them to their Allegiance and Duty to His Majesty and from thence resolved to march into the Associate Counties where in all porbability he would have made an happy end of the Warr he was so importuned by those he left behind him and particularly the Commander in Chief to return into York-shire alledging the Enemy grew strong and would ruine them all if he came not speedily to succour and assist them that in honour and duty he could do no otherwise but grant their Requests when as yet being returned into those parts he found them secure and safe enough from the Enemies Attempts 8. My Lord as heretofore mentioned had as great private Enemies about His Majesty as he had publick Enemies in the Field who used all the endeavour they could to pull him down 9. There was such Jugling Treachery and Falshood in his own Army and amongst some of his own Officers that it was impossible for my Lord to be prosperous and successful in his Designs and Undertakings 10. My Lord's Army being the chief and greatest Army which His Majesty had and in which consisted His prime Strength and Power the Parliament resolved at last to join all their Forces with the Army of the Scots which when it came out of Scotland was above Twenty thousand Men to oppose and if possible to ruine it well knowing that if they did pull down my Lord they should be Masters of all the Three Kingdoms so that there were Three Armies against One But although my Lord suffered much by the Negligence and sometimes Treachery of his Officers and was unfortunately called back into York-shire from his March he designed for the Associate Counties and was forced to part with a great number of his Forces and Ammunition as aforementioned yet he would hardly have been overcome and his Army ruined by the Enemy had he but had some timely supply and assistance at the Siege of York or that his Counsel had been taken in not fighting the Enemy then or that the Battel had been differ'd some two or three dayes longer until those Forces were arrived which he expected namely three thousand men out of Northumberland and Two thousand drawn out of several Garisons But the chief Misfortune was That the Enemy fell upon the Kings Forces before they were all put into a Battallia and took them at their great disadvantage which caused such a Panick fear amongst them that most of the Horse of the right Wing of His Majesty's Forces betook themselves to their heels insomuch that although the left Wing commanded by the Lord Goring and my Brother Sir Charles Lucas did their best endeavour and beat back the Enemy three times and My Lord 's own Regiment of Foot charged them so couragiously that they never broke but died most of them in their Ranks and Files yet the Power of the Enemy being too strong put them at last to a total rout and confusion Which unlucky disaster put an end to all future hopes of His Majesties Party so that my Lord seeing he had nothing left in his Power to do His Majesty any further service in that kind for had he stayed he would have been forced to surrender all those Towns and Garisons in those parts that were yet in His Majesties Devotion as afterwards it also happen'd resolved to quit the Kingdom as formerly is mentioned And these are chiefly the obstructions to the good success of my Lord's Designs in the late Civil Wars which being rightly considered will save him blameless from what otherwise would be laid to his charge for as according to the old saying 'T is easie for men to swim when they are held up by the chin So on the other side it is very dangerous and difficult for them to endeavour it when they are pulled down by the Heels and beaten upon their Heads 3. Of His Loyalty and Sufferings I dare boldly and justly say That there never was nor is a more Loyal and Faithful Subject then My Lord Not to mention the Trust he discharged in all those imployments which either King Iames or King Charles the First or His now Gracious Master King Charles the Second were pleased to bestow upon him which he performed with such care and fidelity that he never disobeyed their Commands in the least I will onely note 1. That he was the First that appear'd in Armes for His Majesty and engaged Himself and all his Friends he could for His Majesties Service and though he had but two Sons which were young and one onely Brother yet they all were with him in the Wars His two Sons had Commands but His Brother though he had no Command by reason of the weakness of his body yet he was never from My Lord when he was in action even to the last for he was the last with my Lord in the Field in that fatal Battel upon Hessom-moor near York and though my Brother Sir Charles Lucas desired my Lord to send his Sons away when the said Battel was fought yet he would not saying His Sons should shew their Loyalty and Duty to His Majesty in venturing their lives as well as Himself 2. My Lord was the chief and onely Person that kept up the Power of His late Majesty for when his Army was lost all the Kings Party was ruined in all three of his Majesties Kingdoms because in his Army lay the chief strength of all the Royal Forces it being the greatest and best formed Army which His Majesty had and the onely support both of his Majesties Person and Power and of the hopes of all his Loyal Subjects in all his Dominions 3. My Lord was 16 Years in Banishment and hath lost and suffered most of any subject that suffer'd either by War or otherways except those that lost their lives and even that he valued not but exposed it to so eminent dangers that nothing but Heavens Decree had ordained to save it 4. He never minded his own Interest more then his Loyaltie and Duty and upon that account never desired nor received any thing from the Crown to enrich himself but spent great sums in His Majesties Service so that after his long banishment and return into England I observed his ruined Estate was like an Earthquake and his
obstructions and hinderances yet as he undertook it chearfully and out of pure Loyalty and Obedience to His Majesty so he ordered it so wisely that so long as he acted by his own Counsels and was personally present at the execution of his Designs he was always prosperous in his Success And although he had so great an Army as aforementioned yet by his wise and prudent Conduct there appear'd no visible sign of devastation in any of the Countreys where he marched for first he setled a constant Rule for the Regular levy of money for the convenient Maintenance of the Soldiery Next he constituted such Officers of his Army that most of them were known to be Gentlemen of large and fair Estates which drew a good part of their private Revenues to serve and support them in their publick Employments wherein my Lord did lead them the way by his own good Example To which may be added his wisdom in ordering the Government of the Church for the advancement of the Orthodox Religion and suppression of Factions as also in Coyning Printing Knighting and the like which he used with great discretion and prudence onely for the Interest of His Majesty and the benefit of the Kingdom as formerly has been mentioned The Prudent mannage of his private and domestick affairs appears sufficiently 1. In his Marriage 2. In the ordering and increasing his Estate before the Wars which notwithstanding his Noble House-keeping and Hospitality and his Generous Bounty and Charity he increased to the value of 100000 l. 3. In the ordering his Affairs in the time of Banishment where although he received not the least of his own estate during all the time of his exile until his return yet maintained himself handsomely and nobly according to his Quality as much as his Condition at that time would permit 4. In reducing his torn and ruined Estate after his return which beyond all probability himself hath setled and order'd so that his Posterity will have reason gratefully to remember it In short Although my Lord naturally loves not business especially those of State though he understands them as well as any body yet what business or affairs he cannot avoid none will do them better then himself His private affairs he orders without any noise or trouble not over-hastily but wisely Neither is he passionate in acting of business but hears patiently and orders soberly and pierces into the heart or bottom of a business at the first encounter but before all things he considers well before he undertakes a business whether he be able to go through it or no for he never ventures upon either publick or private business beyond his strength And here I cannot forbear to mention that my Noble Lord when he was in banishment presumed out of his Duty and Love to his Gracious Master our now Soveraign King Charles the Second to write and send him a little Book or rather a Letter wherein he delivered his Opinion concerning the Government of his Dominions whensoever God should be pleased to restore him to his Throne together with some other Notes and Observations of Foreign States and Kingdoms but it being a private offer to His sacred Majesty I dare not presume to publish it 5. Of His Blessings ALthough my Lord hath been one of the most Unfortunate Persons of his Rank and Quality which this later age did produce yet Heaven hath been so propitious to him that it bestowed some blessings upon him even in the midst of his Misfortunes and supported him against Fortunes Malice which otherwise as it seems had designed his total ruine and destruction Of these Blessings I may name in the first place 1. The Royal Favours of His Gracious Soveraign's and the good esteem they had of his Fidelity and Loyalty which as it was the chief of his endeavours so he esteemed it above all the rest To repeat them particularly would be too tedious and they are sufficiently apparent out of the precedent History onely this I may add that King Charles the First out of a singular Favour to my Lord was pleased upon his most humble request to create several Noble-men the Names of them left I commit an offence I shall not mention by reason most men usually pretend such claimes upon the Ground of their own Merit 2. That God was pleased to bless him with Wealth and Power to enable him the better for the service of his King and Country 3. That he made him happy in his Marriage for his first Wife was a very kind loving and Virtuous Lady and bless'd him with Dutiful and Obedient Children free from Vices Noble and Generous both in ther Natures and Actions who did all that lay in their power to support and relieve my Lord their Father in his Banishment as before is mentioned 4. The Kindness and Civility which my Lord received from Strangers and the Inhabitants of those places where he lived during the time of his Banishment for had it not been for them he would have perished in his extream wants but it pleased God so to provide for him that although he wanted an Estate yet he wanted not Credit and although he was banished and forsaken by his own Friends and Country-men yet he was civilly received and relieved by strangers until God bless'd him Lastly With a happy return to his Native Country his dear Children and his own Estate which although he found much ruined and broke yet by his Prudence and Wisdom hath order'd as well as he could and I hope and pray God to add this blessing to all the rest That he may live long to encrease it for the benefit of his Posterity 6. Of his Honours and Dignities THe Honours Titles and Dignities which were conferr'd upon my Lord by King Iames King Charles the First and King Charles the Second partly as an encouragement for future Service and a Reward for past are following 1. He was made Knight of the Bath when he was but 15 or 16 years of Age at the Creation of Henry Prince of Wales King Iames's Eldest Son 2. King Iames Created him Viscount Mansfield and Baron of Bolsover 3. King Charles the First constituted him Lord Lieutenant of Nottinghamshire and 4. Lord Warden of the Forrest of Sherwood as also 5. Lord Lieutenant of Derby-shire 6. He chose him Governour to His Son Charles our now gracious King and 7. Made him one of his Honourable Privy Council 8. He constituted him Governour of the Town and County of Newcastle and General of all His Majesties Forces raised and to be raised in the Northern parts of England as also of the several Counties of Nottingham Lincoln Rutland Derby Stafford Leicester Warwick Northampton Huntington Cambridg Norfolk Sussex Essex and Hereford together with all the Appurtenances belonging to so great a Power as is formerly declared 9. He conferr'd upon him the Honour and Title of Earl of Newcastle and Baron of Bothal and Hepple 10. He created him Marquess of Newcastle 11. His
Majesty King CHARLEs the Second was pleased when my Lord was in banishment to make him Knight of the most Noble Order of the Garter And 12. After his Return into England Chief Justice in Eyre Trent-North 13. He created him Duke of Newcastle and Earl of Ogle 7. Of the Entertainments He made for King CHARLES the First THough my Lord hath alwayes been free and noble in his Entertainments and Feastings yet he was pleased to shew his great Affection and Duty to his Gracious King Charles the First and Her Majesty the Queen in some particular Entertainments which he made of purpose for them before the late Warrs When His Majesty was going into Scotland to be Crowned he took His way through Nottinghamshire and lying at Worksop-Mannor hardly two miles distant from Welbeck where my Lord then was my Lord invited His Majesty thither to a Dinner which he was graciously pleased to accept of This Entertainment cost my Lord between Four and Five thousand pounds which His Majesty liked so well that a year after His Return out of Scotland He was pleased to send my Lord word That Her Majesty the Queen was resolved to make a Progress into the Northern parts desiring him to prepare the like Entertainment for Her as he had formerly done for Him Which My Lord did and endeavour'd for it with all possible Care and Indudustry sparing nothing that might add splendor to that Feast which both Their Majesties were pleased to honour with their Presence Ben Iohnson he employed in fitting such Scenes and Speeches as he could best devise and sent for all the Gentry of the Country to come and wait on their Majesties and in short did all that ever he could imagine to render it Great and worthy Their Royal Acceptance This Entertainment he made at Bolsover-Castle in Derbyshire some five miles distant from Welbeck and resigned Welbeck for Their Majesties Lodging it cost him in all between Fourteen and Fifteen thousand pounds Besides these two there was another small Entertainment which my Lord prepared for His late Majesty in his own Park at Welbeck when His Majesty came down with his two Nephews the now Prince Elector Palatine and His Brother Prince Rupert into the Forrest of Sherwood which cost him Fifteen hundred pounds And this I mention not out of a vain-glory but to declare the great love and Duty my Lord had for His Gracious King and Queen and to correct the mistakes committed by some Historians who not being rightly informed of those Entertainments make the World believe Falshood for Truth But as I said they were made before the Warrs when my Lord had the possessiou of a great Estate and wanted nothing to express his Love and Duty to his Soveraign in that manner whereas now he should be much to seek to do the like his Estate being so much ruined by the late Civil Wars that neither himself nor his Posterity will be able so soon to recover it 8. His Education HIs Education was according to his Birth for as he was born a Gentleman so he was bred like a Gentleman To School-Learning he never shew'd a great inclination for though he was sent to the University and was a Student of St. Iohn's Colledg in Cambridg and had his Tutors to instruct him yet they could not perswade him to read or study much he taking more delight in sports then in learning so that his Father being a wise man and seeing that his Son had a good natural Wit and was of a very good Disposition suffer'd him to follow his own Genius whereas his other Son Charles in whom he found a greater love and inclination to Learning he encouraged as much that way as possibly he could One time it hapned that a young Gentleman one of my Lord's Relations had bought some Land at the same time when my Lord had bought a Singing-Boy for 50 l. a Horse for 50 l. and a Dog for 2 l. which humour his Father Sir Charles liked so well that he was pleased to say That if he should find his Son to be so covetous that he would buy Land before he was 20 years of Age he would disinherit him But above all the rest my Lord had a great inclination to the Art of Horsemanship and Weapons in which later his Father Sir Charles being a most ingenuous and unparallell'd Master of that Age was his onely Tutor and kept him also several Masters in the Art of Horsemanship and sent him to the Mewse to Mons. Antoine who was then accounted the best Master in that Art But my Lord's delight in those Heroick Exercises was such that he soon became Master thereof Himself which encreased much his Father's hopes of his future perfections who being himself a person of a Noble and Heroick nature was extreamly well pleased to observe his Son take delight in such Arts and Exercises as were proper and fit for a person of Quality 9. His Natural Wit and Vnderstanding ALthough my Lord has not so much of Scholarship and Learning as his Brother Sir Charles Cavendish had yet he hath an excellent Natural Wit and Judgment and dives into the bottom of every thing as it is evidently apparent in the forementioned Art of Horsemanship and Weapons which by his own ingenuity he has reformed and brought to such perfection as never any one has done heretofore And though he is no Mathematician by Art yet he hath a very good Mathematical brain to demonstrate Truth by natural reason and is both a good Natural and Moral Philosopher not by reading Philosophical Books but by his own Natural Understanding and Observation by which he hath found out many Truths To pass by several other instances I 'le but mention that when my Lord was at Paris in his Exile it happen'd one time that he discoursing with some of his Friends amongst whom was also that Learned Philosopher Hobbes they began amongst the rest to argue upon this subject namely Whether it mere possible to make Man by Art fly as Birds do and when some of the Company had delivered their Opinion viz. That they thought it probable to be done by the help of Artificial Wings My Lord declared that he deemed it altogether impossible and demonstrared it by this following Reason Man's Armes said he are not set on his shoulders in the same manner as Bird's wings are for that part of the Arm which joins to the Shoulder is in Man placed inward as towards the breast but in Birds outward as toward the back which difference and contrary position or shape hinders that man cannot have the same flying-action with his Armes as Birds have with their Wings Which Argument Mr. Hobbes liked so well that he was pleased to make use of it in one of his Books called Leviathan if I remember well Some other time they falling into a Discourse concerning Witches Mr. Hobbes said That though he could not rationally believe there were Witches yet he could not be fully satisfied
and one daughter whereof the eldest son Thomas since the Restauration of King Charles the Second was restored to the Dignity of his Ancestors viz. Duke of Norfolk next to the Royal Family the first Duke of England And this is briefly the Pedigree of my dear Lord and Husband from his Grandfather by his Fathers side concerning his Kindred and alliances by his Mother who was Katherine Daughter to Cuthbert Lord Ogle they are so many that it is impossible for me to enumerate them all My Lord being by his Mother related to the chief of the most ancient Families of Northumberland and other the Northern parts onely this I may mention that My Lord is a Peer of the Realm from the first year of King Edward the Fourth his Reign THE FOURTH BOOK Containing several Essays and Discourses Gather'd from the Mouth of MY NOBLE LORD and HVSBAND With some few Notes of mine own I have heard My Lord say I. THat those which command the Wealth of a Kingdom command the hearts and hands of the People II. That He is a great Monarch who hath a Soveraign Command over Church Laws and Armes and He a wise Monarch that imploys his subjects for their own profit for their profit is his encourages Tradesmen and assists and defends Merchants III. That it is a part of Prudence in a Commonwealth or Kingdom to encourage drayners for drowned Lands are onely fit to maintain and encrease some wild Ducks whereas being drained they are able to afford nourishment and food to Cattel besides the producing of several sorts of Fruit and Corn. IV. That without a well order'd force a Prince doth but reign upon the courtesie of others V. That great Princes should not suffer their chief Cities to be stronger then themselves VI. That great Princes are half-armed when their subjects are unarmed unless it be in time of Foreign Wars VII That that Prince is richest who is Master of the Purse and he strongest that is Master of the Armes and he wisest that can tell how to save the one and use the other VIII That Great Princes should be the onely Pay-Masters of their Soldiers and pay them out of their own Treasuries for all men follow the Purse and so they 'l have both the Civil and Martial Power in their hands IX That Great Monarchs should rather study men then Books for all affairs or business are amongst Men. X. That a Prince should advance Foreign Trade or Traffick to the utmost of his Power because no State or Kingdom can be Rich without it and where Subjects are poor the Soveraign can have but little XI That Trade and Traffick brings Honey to the Hive that is to say Riches to the Commonwealth whereas other Professions are so far from that that they rather rob the Commonwealth instead of enriching it XII That it is not so much unseasonable Weather that makes the Countrey complain of Scarcity but want of Commerce for whensoever Commodities are cheap it is a sign that Commerce is decayed because the cheapness of them shews a scarcity of money for example put the case five men came to Market to buy a Horse and each of them had no more but ten pounds the Seller can receive no more then what the Buyer has but must content himself with those ten pounds if he be necessitated to sell his Horse But if each one of the Buyers had an hundred pounds to lay out for a Horse the Seller might receive as much Thus Commodities are cheap or dear according to the plenty or scarcity of money and though we had Mynes of Gold and Silver at home and no Traffick into Foreign parts yet we should want necessaries from other Nations which proves that no Nation can live or subsist well without Foreign Trade and Commerce for God and Nature have order'd it so That no particular Nation is provided with all things XIII That Merchants by carrying out more Commodities then they bring in that is to say by selling more then they buy do enrich a State or Kingdom with money that hath none in its own bowels but what Kingdom or State soever hath Mynes of Gold and Silver there Merchants buy more then they sell to furnish and accommodate it with necessary provisions XIV That debasing and setting a higher value upon money is but a present shift of poor and needy Princes and doth more hurt for the future then good for the present XV. That Foraign Commerce causes frequent Voyages and frequent Voyages make skilful and experienced Sea-men and Skilful Seamen are a Brazen Wall to an Island XVI That he is the Powerfullest Monarch that hath the best shipping and that a Prince should hinder his Neighbours as much as he can from being strong at Sea XVII That wise States-men ought to understand the Laws Customes and Trade of the Commonwealth and have good intelligence both of Foraign Transactions and Designs and of Domestick Factions also they ought to have a Treasury and well-furnished Magazine XVIII That it is a great matter in a State or Kingdom to take care of the Education of Youth to breed them so that they may know first how to obey and then how to command and order affairs wisely XIX That it is great Wisdom in a State to breed and train up good States men As first To let them be some time at the Universities Next To put them to the Innes of Court that they may have some knowledg of the Laws of the Land then to send them to travel with some Ambassador in the quality of Secretary and let them be Agents or Residents in Foraign Countreys Fourthly To make them Clerks of the Signet or Council And lastly To make them Secretaries of State or give them some other Employment in State-Affairs XX. That there should be more Praying and less Preaching for much Preaching breeds Faction but much Praying causes Devotion XXI That young people should be frequently Catechised and that Wise Men rather then Learned should be chosen heads of Schools and Colledges XXII That the more divisions there are in Church and State the more trouble and confusion is apt to ensue Wherefore too many Controversies and Disputes in the one and too many Law-Cases and Pleadings in the other ought to be avoided and suppressed XXIII That Disputes and Factions amongst States-men are fore-runners of future disorders if not total ruines XXIV That all Books of Controversies should be writ in Latin that none but the Learned may read them and that there should be no Disputations but in Schools lest it breed Factions amongst the Vulgar for Disputations and Controversies are a kind of Civil War maintained by the Pen and often draw out the sword soon after Also that all Prayer-Books should be writ in the native Language that Excommunications should not be too frequent for every little and petty trespass that every Clergy-man should be kind and loving to his Parishioners not proud and quarrelsome XXV That Ceremony is nothing in
and what advantage they could make by their Employments My Lord smilingly answer'd That for the generality he knew not what they could get but danger loss and labour for their pains Then I ask'd him Whether Generals of Great Armies were ever enriched by their Heroick Exploits and great Victories My Lord answer'd That ordinary Commanders gained more and were better rewarded then great Generals To which I added That I had observ'd the same in Histories namely That men of great Merit and Power had not onely no Rewards but were either found fault withall or laid aside when they had no more business or employment for them and that I could not conceive any reason for it but that States were afraid of their Power My Lord answer'd The reason was That it was far more easie to reward Under-Officers then Great Commanders LXXXI My Lord having since the Return from his Banishment set up a Race of Horses instead of those he lost by the Warrs uses often to ride through his Park to see his Breed One time it chanced when he went thorough it that he espied some labouring-men sawing of Woods that were blown down by the Wind for some particular uses at vvhich my Lord turning to his Attendants said That he had been at that Work a great part of his life They not knovving vvhat my Lord meant but thinking he jested I speak very seriously added he and not in jest for you see that this Tree which is blown down by the Wind although it was sound and strong yet it could not withstand its force and now it is down it must be cut in pieces and made serviceable for several uses whereof some will serve for Building some for Paling some for Firing c. In the like manner said he have I been cut down by the Lady Fortune and being not able to resist so Powerful a Princess I have been forced to make the best use of my Misfortunes as the Chips of my Estate LXXXII My Lord discoursing one time with some of his Friends of judging of other mens Natures Dispositions and Actions and some observing that men could not possibly know or judg of them the events of mens actions falling out oftentimes contrary to their intentions so that where they hit once they fail'd twenty times in their Judgments My Lord answer'd That his Judgment in that point seldom did miss although he thought it weaker then theirs The reason is said he Because I judg most men to be like my self that is to say Fools when as you do judg them all according to your self that is Wise men and since there are more Fools in the World then Wise men I may sooner guess right then you for though my judgment roves at random yet it can never miss of Errors which yours will never do except you can dive into other mens Follies by the length of your own line and found their bottom by the weight of your own Plummet for the depth of Folly is beyond the line of Wisdom Besides said he You believe that other men would do as you would have them or as you would do to them wherein you are mistaken for most men do the contrary In short Folly is bottomless and hath no end but Wisdom hath bounds to all her designs otherwise she would never compass them LXXXIII My Lord discoursing some time with a Learned Doctor of Divinity concerning Faith said That in his opinion the wisest way for a man was to have as little Faith as he could for this World and as much as he could for the next World LXXXIV In some Discourse with my Lord I told him that I did speak sharpest to those I loved best To which he jestingly answered That if so then he would not have me love him best LXXXV After my Lords return from a long Banishment when he had been in the Countrey some time and endeavoured to pick up some Gleanings of his ruined Estate it chanced that the Widow of Charles Lord Mansfield My Lords Eldest Son afterwards Duchess of Richmond to whom the said Lord of Mansfield had made a joynture of 2000 l. a Year died not long after her second marriage for whose death though My Lord was heartily sorry and would willingly have lost the said Money had it been able to save her life Yet discoursing one time merrily with his Friends was pleased to say That though his Earthly King and Master seem'd to have forgot him yet the King of Heaven had remembred him for he had given him 2000 l. a Year SOME FEW NOTES OF THE AUTHORESSE I. IT was far more difficult in the late Civil Wars for my Lord to raise an Army for His Majesties Service then it was for the Parliament to raise an Army against His Majesty Not onely because the Parliament were many and my Lord but one single Person but by reason a Kingly or Monarchical Government was then generally disliked and most part of the Kingdom proved Rebellious and assisted the Parliament either with their Purses or Persons or both when as the Army which my Lord raised for the defence and maintenance of the King and his Rights was raised most upon his own and his Friends Interest For it is frequently seen and known by woful Experience that rebellious and factious Parties do more suddenly and nnmerously flock together to act a mischievous design then loyal and honest men to assist or maintain a just Cause and certainly 't is much to be lamented that evil men should be more industrious and prosperous then good and that the Wicked should have a more desperate Courage then the Virtuous an active Valour II. I have observed That many by flattering Poets have been compared to Caesar without desert but this I dare freely and without flattery say of my Lord That though he had not Caesars Fortune yet he wanted not Caesars Courage nor his Prudence nor his good Nature nor his Wit Nay in some particulars he did more then Caesar ever did for though Caesar had a great Army yet he was first set out by the State or Senators of Rome who were Masters almost of all the World when as my Lord raised his Army as before is mentioned most upon his own Interest he having many Friends and Kindred in the Northern parts at such a time when his Gracious King and Soveraign was then not Master of his own Kingdoms He being over-power'd by his rebellious Subjects III. I have observed That my Noble Lord has always had an aversion to that kind of Policy that now is commonly practised in the world which in plain tearms is Dissembling Flattery and Cheating under the cover of Honesty Love and Kindness But I have heard him say that the best Policy is to act justly honestly and wisely and to speak truly and that the old Proverb is true To be wise is to be honest For said he That man of what Condition Quality or Profession soever that is once found out to deceive either in