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A67329 An account of the Islands of Orkney by James Wallace ... ; to which is added an essay concerning the Thule of the ancients. Wallace, James, d. 1688.; Sibbald, Robert, Sir, 1641-1722. Essay concerning the Thule of the ancients. 1700 (1700) Wing W491; ESTC R34706 63,791 200

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mense Romam rediit triumphavit maximo apparatu This Juvenal takes notice of when he says in his second Satyr Littora Juvernae promovimus modo captas Orcadas minima contentos nocte Britannos A little after this the Romans had not such cause to triumph over Orkney for when Agricola was their General in Britain Anno Christi 87 as Henry Isaacson computes it in his Chronological Tables he sent a Navy to sail about Britain to discover the largeness of it and whether it was an Island or not and after they had coasted many days towards the North they came at last in sight of Orkney which Tacitus for want of better information imagines to be unknown before that time but fearing to pass thorough Pightland-Firth for fear of Shallows they seized some of the Country People that liv'd in the next Islands constraining them to go aboard and pilot them thorough the Firth but they suspecting that the Romans had a hostile design on their Country not caring for their own Lives they enter'd the Strait at such an inconvenient time that the Ships were born with the violence of the stream against Rocks and Shelves in such a manner that they were all almost torn broke and lost without recovery only some few of the Navy that were not so hasty to follow perceiving the sad loss of their fellows returned by the same way they came and reported these lamentable Tidings to Agricola And indeed there is a place in Shapinsha over against which are impetuous Tides and dangerous Shallows at this day call'd Agricola but whether it got that name from this accident I am not able to determine But yet it seems that Orkney was a considerable thing in the Eyes of the Romans For Polyd. Virgil. lib. 3. Ang. Historiae speaking of the division of the Empire among the Sons of Constantine the Great reckons Orkney amongst the famous Kingdoms that fell to the share of his Son Constantine says he Huic sorte evenit Britannia cum Gallia Hispania Orchadibus This Country it 's like continued thus under the Government of their own Princes till the fatal Ruine and Subversion of the Pictish Kingdom in Scotland in the Year 839 at which time Keneth the second that Martial King of Scots having in many Battles overthrown the Picts at last expell'd them out of all Scotland seizing on Fife and Lothian and the other large Territories that they had therein he pursued them to Orkney vanquishing these Isles and adding them to his other Dominions Orkney being thus annex'd to the Crown of Scotland it continued many years under the Government of the Scottish Kings and their Lieutenants till about the Year 1099 at which time Donald Bain Lord of the Isles having usurped the Crown and caused himself to be proclaimed King of Scotland and being thereupon hardly put to it by the injur'd Heir and discontented Nobility that he might not lose what he had unjustly usurped he invited Magnus King of Norway to come to his assistance with an offer of the Isles for his pains who coming with his Navy Invaded Orkney and the Western Isles putting Garrisons in all convenient places By this means the Norwegians got possession of this Country who held it for the space of 164 years when they came to lose all again upon this occasion Anno 1263 Alexander the Third being then King of Scotland Atho by some called Hagin King of Norway hoping from the divisions that were then in the Kingdom and the Famine that was then sore pressing the Land to make some further conquest in Scotland he comes with a great Navy and Army of Danes and Norwegians to the West Isles and conquers Arran and Bute which were the only Isles at that time under the dominion of the Scots and from this success hoping for greater matters he lands on the Continent and takes in the Town and Castle of Air. But King Alexander having assembled a great Army assaults him in Battle at Largis kills his Nephew a Man of great Renown and after a great Slaughter of his Soldiers to the number of twenty four thousand puts the remainder to flight Immediately upon this defeat King Acho hears of another sad loss namely That his Fleet by a Storm were all cast away and broken against the Rocks except four in which he presently embarked and fled away to Orkney being come thither he sent to Norway and Denmark for a new Army and Fleet with an intention again to Invade Scotland the next Summer but he died the beginning of the following Year January 22 Anno 1264 and was bury'd in that place where the Cathedral now stands under a Marble Stone which is seen to this day and goes under the name of his Monument After his death King Alexander Invaded the Isle of Man and the Western Isles which after some opposition he recover'd and intending to make the like attempt for the recovery of Orkney and Zetland there came Ambassadors to him from Magnus King of Norway and Denmark who succeeded Acho in these Kingdoms after several Treaties it was at last condescended upon that King Alexander should pay to the King of Norway the Summ of 4000 Merks Sterling with the Summ of 100 Merks by year and that for this Magnus King of Norway should quit all Right that he might pretend to the Isles of Orkney and Zetland and the other Isles of Scotland which accordingly he did by Letters under his Great Seal renouncing and giving over all Right and Claim that he had or might have both for him and his Successors to these and all the other Isles of Scotland and for the better confirmation hereof a Marriage was agreed upon betwixt the Lady Margaret Daughter to Alexander and Hangonanus or Haningo or Aquin as others call him Son to King Magnus both Children to be completed when they came to a Marriagable Estate Orkney being in this manner recover'd from the hands of the Danes and Norwegians it continued ever after annexed to the Crown of Scotland King Alexander giving the property of it to a Nobleman sirnamed Speire Earl of Cathnes whose Son Magnus Speire Earl of Cathnes Orkney and Zetland was in great repute in the days of King Robert Bruce But he dying without Heirs Male his Daughter Elizabeth Speire succeeded him in the Estate and was Married to Sir William Sinclar who accompany'd Sir James Douglass when he went to accompany the Bruces Heart to Jerusalem He was great Grandchild to Willielmus de Sancto claro second Son to Valdosius Earl of Saint Claire in France This Sir William Sinclar by his Wife Elizabeth Speire had a Son call'd William also who was made Earl of Orkney and Zetland by King David Bruce He was first Marry'd to Florentina Daughter to the King of Denmark and after her death was Marry'd to Jane Halyburton Daughter to Walter Lord Dirleton To him succeeded Henry Sinclar usually call'd Prince of Orkney he was also made Duke of Oldenburgh by
Christiern the first King of Denmark He Marry'd Geils or Egidia Dowglass Daughter to William Dowglass Lord of Niddisdale and of Geils Stewart Daughter to King Robert the Second So much was he favour'd by King Robert the Third that when he was to send his Son Prince James afterward King James the First to France he appointed this Henry Prince of Orkney to be his Governor who taking Ship with him at the Bass came as far as Flamburgh-head but by reason of the Sickness and Indisposition of the young Prince they were necessitated to land and so were both detained Prisoners by the English He had a Daughter call'd Beatrix Sinclar who was Marry'd to James the gross Earl of Douglass And in the Inscription that is on her Tomb at Douglass her Father the Earl of Orkney is stil'd Lord of the Isles and Lord Sinclar To him succeeded his Son William Sinclar Earl of Orkney and Zetland he Marry'd Elizabeth Douglass Daughter to Archibald Earl of Douglass sirnamed Fineman by whom he had a Daughter that afterwards was Marry'd to Alexander Duke of Albany second Son to King James the Second In the Douglass History we find a Note of this Earl's Titles viz. Prince of Orkney Duke of Oldenburgh Earl of Cathnes Lord Sinclar Lord of Niddisdale with the Valleys of Neth Sheris of Dumfreis great Admiral of Scotland Warden of the Marches great Justice General Baron of Erkefoord Caverton Cousland Rosline Pentland Harbartshire Dysart and Newburgh in Buchan He was questionless a Man of great power and eminence and very intimate with King James the Second whom he follow'd and assisted in all his difficulties and by him was made Lord Chancellor of the Kingdom and Lieutenant after that Office was taken from the Earl of Douglass And from that same King he got a confirmation of the Earldom of Cathnes united into a Baronry with his Lands of Orkney in compensation of his claim to the Lordship of Niddisdale and of other Offices and Pensions that he pretended to as being Son to Geils Douglass Daughter to William Douglass Lord of Niddisdale and of Geils Stewart Daughter to King Robert the Second by his Wife Elizabeth Muir This confirmation is dated April 29 Anno 1436. The following Paper I transcrib'd from an ancient Manuscript now in the hands of the Reverend Mr. Robert Norry Minister of Dundee By the Characters and way of Writing it seem'd to be of the Age it relates to viz. 1403 tho' in some things it differs from the Account you have had before yet because this may be more likely and that it gives a better Account of the Earls of this Country I thought it might not be unacceptable to the curious Quoniam inter ceteras hujus fluctuantis seculi curas solicitudines pensata temporum morum ac hominum in hac lacrimarum valle labilitate brevitate testante venerabili illo Cronographo Martino Domini nostri pape Penetentiario Capellano necesse videtur de congruo extrahere progenitorum regum principum aliorum preclarorum genelogias per quas mundus iste transitorius regitur Reges regnant principes gubernant signantque in deduccionem agniccionem veritatis quo ad eorundem successionem veresimiliter evenire speratur Illustri ergo excellentissimo Domino nostro principi supremo Norwegie regi suisque successoribus satrapis patriciis consulibus proceribus dicti regni Thomas Dei Apostolice sedis gracia Episcopus Orcadie Zetlandie Canonici Ecclesie Cathedralis sancti magni Martyris gloriosissimi legifer ceterique proceres nobiles populus ac communitas ejusdem gracia pax caritas gaudium lonagnimitas misericordia a Deo Patre omnipotente a Jesu Christo in spiritu sancto In omnibus vobis per quem reges regnant in cujus manu corda sunt regum cum omni subjectione humilitate obediencia prompti parati vestram in Jesu Christi visceribus zelantes ficientes salutem in caritate non ficta Requirentes ut in dicendis in nostra simplicitate vestra suppleat regia sublimitas quia scimus firmiter longi temporis spacio efficax rerum magistra nos experientia docuit quod in dubium non revocamus qualiter erga Comites Orcadie regalis ipsa sublimitas zelum semper exuberantem exercuit Quamobrem firmam spem gerimus plenamque fiduciam obtinemus quod illa regia majestas verba nostra benegne recipiat diligenter intelligat effective prosequatur ut infra pectoris claustrum solicite considerare convenit ipsa regia sinceritas diligenter attendere quod adulatorium vestre serenitati aliquid non scribimus quod secundum Petrum Blessensem in suo prologo canentem Olei venditores esse non intendimus sed patefacciones veritatis Ergo arbitramur pium esse meritorium testimonium perhibere veritati ne veritas occultetur presertim illa per quam innocenti possit prejudicium generari cum uterque reus est qui veritatem occultat mendacium dicit quia ille prodesse non iste nocere desiderat quod a nobis Deus avertat potissime cum in dicendis per quondam recolende memorie Erici vestri predecessoris regis nostri admoniti patentes literas fuissemus testimonium perhibere veritati prout lacius in sequentibus patebit Hinc est quod nos Thomas Episcopus Capitulum Cononici Legifer ceterique proceres nobiles populus communitas sive plebei antedicti coram Deo in fide ac fidelitate quibus vestre regie Majestati tenemur astricti fideliter attestamur ad perpetuam rei memoriam deducimus fidemque facimus vobis omnibus presentibus futuris Jesu Christi fidelibus sancte matris ecclesie filiis in forma effectu subsequentibus Coram nobis congregatus comparens magnificus praepotens Dominus Dominus Willielmus de Sancto Claro Comes Orcadie Dominus le Sinclar in ecclesia sancti magni martyris in Orcadia proposuit in hunc modum supposuit enim quod nobis bene ad plenum cognita res fuisset quo modo magnis retroactis temporibus antecessores sui progenitores ac ipsi Orcadie comites juste ac juridice inconcusse linialiter gradatim jure hereditario comitatui Orcadie superdicto successerant ac illam per tempora magna longeva nulla aliena generatione interveniente quietissime possederant Et qualiter diverse carte evidencie instrumenta libri censuales alia diversa probacionum genera fuerant igne consumpta deperdita alienata hostilitatis tempore guerrarum emulorum inimicorumque nonnullorum defectu carencia firmissime domus seu municionis inexpugnabilis ubi hujusmodi collocarentur subjunxit idem Dominus Comes quod habuit literas quondam supremi Domini nostri Regis Erici illustris Patentes quas nobis ostendit perlegi fecit precepta continentes subsequencia scilicet quod si quis nostrum habuerit vel qui habuerint aliquas cartas evidencias cirographa