IACOB MAG BRIT REG. MATER SERENISSIMA MARIA REGINA The most excellent Princesse Mary queene of Scotland and Dowager of France Mother to our Soueraigne lord James of greate Brittaine France Ireland king THE HISTORIE OF THE LIFE AND DEATH OF Mary Stuart QVEENE OF SCOTLAND LONDON Printed by Iohn Haviland for Richard Whitaker and are to be sold at the signe of the Kings Head in Pauls Church-yard 1624. TO THE KINGS MOST EXCELLENT MAIESTIE Most Dread Soueraigne ZENO the Philosopher being asked how a man might attaine wisdome answered By drawing neere vnto the dead O the Sepulchers of our Ancestors how much more doe they teach than all the studie bookes and precepts of the learned And herein due praise must needs be ascribed vnto Historie the life of memorie and the mirrour of mans life making those Heroick acts to liue againe which otherwise would be buried in eternall forgetfulnesse whereby the minde a greedy hunter after knowledge is enflamed by affecting the seuerall perfections of others to seeke after excellent things and by feruent imitation to attaine to that glory which is gotten by vertuâ— For these causes most renowned Soueraigne when I considered Plutarke laying aside the studie of Philosophic to thinke the time well imploied in writing the liues of Theseus of Aristides and of other inferiour persons and knowing how farre the lustre and splendor of Princes shineth beyond the brightnesse of others euery one standing for a million of the common people And being sensible that it is infused euen by nature euery man to desire and to be delighted with the relation and story of his owne Ancestors and predecessors For these reasons I presumed to present vnto your Highnesse this Treatise of the life and death of your Royall Mother the Lady MARY STVART Queene of Scotland A History most fit for this your Meridian of Great Britaine and yet neuer published in the English tongue before Wherein although I confesse the slendernesse of my skill in the exornation and beautifying of the stile and thereby may worthily incurre the reproofe of the learned yet if your Maiesty vouchsafe your gracious and Princely acceptation all faults therein shall easily bee couered and blotted out Therefore I become your humble Orator praying no other thing than the Sunne Diall of the Sunne Aspice me vt aspiciar most humbly beseeching the Almighty to blesse your most Excellent Maiestie with a long happie and prosperous reigne Your Sacred Maiesties most humble subiect WIL. STRANGVAGE THE PREFACE TO THE ENSVING HISTORIE IT is a thing most true and some finde it by experience that here below in this world there is nothing eternall And how can it be otherwise when the great Kings and Princes of the earth who seeme to be created of the most pure substance of the Elements of a matter as may bee said for their excellency incorruptible of the fine gold of Euilath and of the best mould to the patterne of the fairest Ideas and beare and carry the Image and Seale of all puissance as the chiefe impression of natures worke in the plaine greatnesse of Maiestie which engraueth their forehead with a gracious statelinesse Yet doe we see them euery day who seeme vnto men to be lasting and durable as eternity it selfe to quit the arches oâ— triumph and to yeeld themselues vnto the triumph oâ— death And more than that the most part of them finish their daies not in the sweet and calme waters like Pourcontrells but by a death disseasoned sometimes in their greene youth and flourishing age by the stormes and tempests as doe the Dolphins within the torrents billowes or waues of the sea tossed by diuers factions And it seemeth that this fatality pursueth ordinarily the most worthy and vertuous persons so that they finish their liues many times with violence or precipitation and not to goe vnto their death in a smooth path but to bee interrupted with some strange accident which cclipseth the bright shining lustre of their greatnesse which dasell the mindes of men that from below beheld them sitting aloft on the throne of Maiestie All which appeared most plainly and euidently to be true in the most worthy and royall Princesse MARY STVART Queene of Scotland who in all her life being tossed and turmoiled with infinite misfortunes concluded it with an vntimely death as followeth in the sequell of this Historie of her life and death MARY STVART Queene of Scotland was daughter vnto Iames the fist King of Scotland a wise and valiant Prince and of the Lady MARY of the Illustrious family of the Dukes of Lorraine whose fame for valour is renowned thorow all Christendome was borne on the eighth day of December in the yeere of our Lord 1541. She was not aboue eight daies old when her father died being left thus young the Noblemen of Scotland being diuided whereof the family of the Hamiltons and the Earle of Lynnox being the heads the one side supported by King Henry the eighth of England and the other by the French King Henry the second she was by the care of her mother who inclined vnto the French King at the age of six yeeres or thereabouts sent into France in the Gallies of Villagagnon a Knight of the Rhodes appointed by the French King vnto this seruice in the which voyage by the West Seas for in the other passage neere the Straits of Calice the Englishmen had laid a strong Nauy to intercept her she hardly escaped drowning by meanes of a storme or tempest that happened neere vnto the coast of little Brittaine in France where she afterward tooke land from whence she was conueyed vnto the Court of France where she was brought vp vnder her Curators the French King and the Dukes of Guise and by their exquisite care she drew in with the aire the sweetnesse of the humours of the countrey and in the end by the singular grace of nature and carefulnesse of her friends and Kinsfolks became with her age the fairest and goodliest Princesse of our time And beside this her rare beauty she had her vnderstanding and intendment so pure and perfect her iudgement so certaine surmounting and aboue the condition of her age and sex that it bred and caused in her a greatnesse of courage which was yet mixt and qualified with such sweetnesse and modesty that you could not see any thing more Royall any thing more gracious Her manners and priuate actions were such and were so well liked of generally that it caused King Henry the second of France and his Queene who was admired for her prudence to marry their eldest sonne Daulphin of France and heire of their Crowne vnto this Lady as vnto one well deseruing to be ioyned in mariage vnto their sonne heire apparant of the greatest kingdome in Europe And so vpon the foure and twentieth day of April in the yeere of our Lord 1558. Francis the Daulphin of France and MARY STVART Queene of Scotland were maried in the Church of Nostra Dama
pittie of Queene ELIZABETH was vnfained or not is not knowne But certaine it is the Councellors of England did enter into a mature deliberation what should be done with her If she should be kept still in England they feared that she which had an alluring eloquence would daily draw to her part many more to fauour the right shee pretended vnto the Crowne of England who would kindle her ambition and leaue nothing vnattempted to purchase the Kingdome for her That forraigne Embassadors would helpe and assist her purposes and that then the Scots would not faile her when they saw such a faire prey Moreouer the fidelitie of keepers was vncertaine and if she should die in England by sicknesse it would giue occasion of slander and the Queene should bee vexed and turmoiled euery day with new molestations If shee should bee sent into France they feared lest her Cosen 's the Guises would againe pursue the right and claime shee made vnto England vpon a conceit and opinion that she could doe much in England with some for Religions sake with others by the probabilitie of the right whereof I speake and with many vpon a mad desire of innouation Besides that the friendship betweene Scotland and England which is very profitable might be broken and the ancient league betweene France and Scotland renewed which might be more dangerous than in former times when Burgundy was tied vnto England in a stricter league than at this present England hauing now no assured friends but the Scots If shee should be sent backe into Scotland they feared lest the English faction should bee put out of authoritie the French faction raised to the gouernment of affaires the young Prince expoled vnto danger the Religion in Scotland changed the French and other forrainers brought in Ireland more vexed and annoied by the Irish Scots and she her selfe brought into danger of her life by her aduersaries at home Hereupon most of them thought best to detaine her as a lawfull prize and not to bee let goe vntill she had satisfied for the challenging the title of England and answered for the death of DARLY her husband who was a natiue Subiect of England for the mother of DARLY the Countesse of Lennox long since blubbered with teares in her owne name and her husbands also had made a grieuous complaint against her and had besought Queene ELIZABETH that shee might bee arraigned for the death of her sonneâ—â— but shee comforting her with courteous words willed her not to lay such a crime vpon so great a Princesse her nearest Cousin wich could not be proued by any certaine euidence That the times were malicious and vniust spight blinde which doth lay crimes vpon innocent persons but that Iustice which is the punisher of offenders was open eied and sitteth by God On the other side the Lord Herris humbly besought the Queene not to beleeue rashly any thing against the truth against the Queene vnheard and that in Scotland Murrey should not precipitate the Parlament to the preiudice of the expulsed Queene and to the destruction of good Subiects Which though shee vrged exceedingly yet Murrey in the Kings name held the Parlament attainted many that stood for the Queene spoiled and destroied their houses and possessions Hereupon the Queene of England being moued with indignation signified by Midlemore vnto the Regent in bitter words That shee could not endure that by a most pernicious example vnto Kings the sacred authoritie of royall Maiestie should be contemned by Subiects and trodden vnder foot at the pleasure of factious people And howsoeuer they had forgotten the dutie and allegeance of Subiects toward their Princesse yet she could not forget any duty or office of good will and pietie towards her sister and neighbour Queene Therefore it was best for him then to come himselfe or else to giue commission vnto fit and apt men for this businesse who should make answer vnto the complaints of the Queene of Scotland against him and his complices and also yeeld iust reasons for their depriuation of her if hee did not that shee would set her at libertie forthwith and restore her to her Kingdome with all the power she could make And withall willed him not to sell away the Queenes apparell and precious ornaments though the Estates had permitted the same Murrey did as she willed him since he had depended vpon no other place but onely vpon England for this course of his fickle gouernment and the Noblemen of the Realme refused to bee sent on that message To Yorke therefore the place appointed for the meeting came hee himselfe and seuen of his dearest and most familiar friends as Commissioners for the King infant namely Iames Earle of Mourton Adam Bishop of Orkeney Robert Commendator of Dunfermellin Patricke Lord Lindsey Iames Mangill Henry Balnaw and Lidington whom Murrey with faire promises enticed to come with him fearing to leaue him at home and George Buchanan one that would sweare it if Murrey spake it accompanied them The same very day came thither Thomas Howard Duke of Norfolke Thomas Ratcliff Earle of Sussex a little before made President of the North and Sir Ralph Sadleir Knight one of the priuie Councell appointed Commissioners to heare the cause of the depriuation for the Queene of Scotland who tooke it most vnkindly that Queene ELIZABETH would not heare her to speake and yet commanded her Subiects to be heard against her before Commissioners forasmuch as shee being an absolute Prince could not be bound to answer but at pleasure vnto her Subiects accusing her There appeared Iohn Leslie Bishop of Rosse William Lord Leuingston Robert Lord Boyde Gawen Commendator of Kilwiming Iohn Gordon and Iames Cocburne for her When they were met on the seuenth day of October and shewed each one to the other their Letters Patents of their Commission Lidington standing vp and turning to the Scots with a wonderfull bold speech admonished them Forasmuch as it should seeme by the Commission granted to the English men that the Queene of England had no other purpose but that they should defame disgrace and discredit the reputation and good name of their Queene mother to their King and that shee as an vmpire and Iudge should giue sentence that they should consider with themselues discreetly what hate and danger they might draw vpon themselues by accusing her of crimes and bringing her in danger and losse of reputation in this iuridicall and publike forme before English men the professed enemies of the Scottish Nation not onely with the Scots that loued the Queene buâ— also with other Christian Princes and her Cousins in France and what reason they could yeeld for this insolent accusation not without the wrong of the Scottish Kingdome vnto the King when he being riper in yeeres shall thinke this action a reproach and dishonour to himselfe his mother and his Countrie also Therefore he thought it most fit to leaue off the odicus accusation of so great a Princesse except the Queene
no other cause but to trie the Dukes minde whether hee stood constant and resolute But the crimes of the other he wittily extenuated and by no meanes he could be induced to tell the names of the Noblemen that promised to helpe the Duke to surprize the Queene But he confessed that he by the commandement of the Queene of Scotland did aske aduice of the Duke Arundell Lumley and Throgmorton by their seruants that came to and fro and the Vicount Mountague by Lumley about the deliuerie of the Castles in Scotland the hostages the deliuerie of the King of Scotland vnto the English men and the restoring of the English Rebels Thus much of these matters this yeere out of the Dukes confessions and the Commentarie of Rosse himselfe written with his owne hand sent to the Queene of Scotland Matthew Earle of Lennox Regent of Scotland Grandfather to the King had summoned an assembly of the Estates at Sterling in the Kings name where liuing securely he was taken on the sudden by the Noblemen of the contrarie faction who held a Parlament at Edenburgh at the same time in the Queenes name He had yeelded himselfe to Dauid Spense of Wormeston who labouring diligently to saue his life was slaine together with the Regent who had gouerned the Realme for the King his Grandchild but foureteene moneths by Bell and Caulder In his place was substituted by the voices of the Kings faction Iohn Areskin Earle of Marre who died after hee had beene Regent but thirteene moneths These dangerous times produced in the Parlament holden in England this Law It was made treason if any attempted any harme or hurt made warre or moued any other to raise warre against the Queene If any affirmed that she possessed not the Crowne rightfully but that others had more right to the Crowne or did say that shee was an Heretike Schismatike or Infidell did vsurpe the right of the Kingdome during her life or shall say that any other hath right to the Crowne or that the Lawes and Statutes cannot define and binde the right of the Crowne and the succession of the same If any in the Queenes life by written or printed booke expresly affirme that any is or ought to be heire or successor of the Queene besides the naturall issue of her owne body or shall print or sell any bookes or schedules to that effect hee and his fautors for the first time shall be imprisoned a whole yeere and lose halfe his goods and for the second offence incurre Premunire that is to lose all his goods and lie in prison for euer This seemed somewhat seuere vnto many who were of opinion that the tranquillitie of the Realme would bee established by the designation of a certaine heire But it is wonderfull what iests somelewd construers of words made of that clause Besides the naturall issue of her body since the Lawyers call them Naturall that are borne out of matrimonie but the legitimate they call out of the forme of words vsed in the Law of England Children of his body lawfully begotten insomuch that being a young man I heard it often said that that word was thrust into the Act by Leicester to the intent that hee might at one time or other thrust vpon them against their wills some Bastard sonne of his as the naturall issue of the Queene An Act was made also at this Parlament that it should bee treason in them who reconciled any to the Church of Rome by any Bulls or Rescripts of the Popes or any that were reconciled they that releeued the reconcilers or brought in any Agnus Dei Grana Crucifixes or other things consecrated by the Pope into England should incurre the penaltie of Premunire And that it should bee misprision of treason in them that did not discouer their reconcilers It was moued in the same Parlament that if the Queene of Scotland did offend againe against the Lawes of England that they might proceed against her according to the Law as against the wife of a Peere of the Kingdome of England but the Queene would not suffer it to passe Anno 1572. ON the sixteenth day of Ianuarie Thomas Howard Duke of Norfolke was arraigned at Westminster Hall before George Talbot Earle of Shrewsburie appointed for that day Lord high Steward of England and on both sides of him sate the Peeres namely Reynold Grey Earle of Kent Thomas Ratclif Earle of Sussex Henry Hastings Earle of Huntingdon Francis Russell Earle of Bedford Henry Herbert Earle of Pembrooke Edward Seymer Earle of Hertford Ambrose Dudley Earle of Warwicke Robert Dudley Earle of Leicester Walter Deuereux Viscount Hereford Edward Clintōn Admirall William Lord Howard of Effingham Chamberlaine William Cecill Lord Burghley Secretarie Arthur Lord Grey of Wilton Iames Blount Lord Mountioy William Lord Sands Thomas Lord Wentworth William Lord Burrough Lewis Lord Mordant Iohn Powlet Lord Saint-Iohn of Basing Robert Lord Rich Roger Lord North Edmund Bruges Lord Chandois Oliuer Lord Saint-Iohn of Bletneshoo Thomas Sackuill Lord Buckhurst and William West Lord De La-ware Silence being made the Letters Patents of the Commission was read then a white wand was deliuered vnto the Lord Steward by Garter King at Armes which hee shortly after deliuered vnto the Serieant at Armes who stood by and held it vp all the while Then the Earles and Barons were called by their names and euery one made answer to his name Then silence was made againe and the Lieutenant of the Tower was commanded to returne his precept and to bring the Duke to the Barre Forthwith he was brought in and Sir Owen Hopton stood on the one side of him and Sir Peter Carew on the other side and next by him stood a man holding an Axe with the edge from the Duke Silence being made againe the Clerke of the Crowne said thus to the Duke Thomas Duke of Norfolke late of Keningale in the Countie of Norfolke hold vp thy hand which when hee had done the Clerke read the Inditement with a loud voice that is to say That in the eleuenth yeere of Queene ELIZABETH and after the Duke did traiterously deuise to put her from her Crowne and to kill her and to raise warre against her and to bring in forraine forces to inuade the Realme That whereas he knew MARIE late Queene of Scotland to haue claimed the Diadem of England with the title and armes thereof yet hee without the Queenes knowledge intended to marrie with her and lent her a great summe of money contrarie to the promise he had made vnder his owne hand That whereas he knew the Earles of Northumberland and Westmerland Markenfield and others had raised rebellion against the Queene and were fled into Scotland he releeued them with money That in the thirteenth yeere of the Queene hee by letters requested aid of men from Pope Pius Quintus the professed enemie of the Queene the King of Spaine and the Duke of Alba to deliuer the Queene of Scotland and to restore Papistrie into England
the Queene to these conditions namely To acknowledge the Religion established in Scotland To submit themselues to the King and also to Mourton as his Regent and to his successors in the gouernment To renounce the authoritie of all others To account them Traitors by authoritie of Parlament that attempted any thing against the Religion the King or Regent That the sentence against the Hamiltons and the Gordons should be repealed c. But these conditions William Kircaldy Lord of Grange the Lord Hume Lidington and the Bishop of Dunkelden and others who thought the Queene of Scotland to be iniuriously vsed would vpon no termes admit but fortified the Castle of Edenburgh of which Grange was Captaine placed therein by Murrey looking for aid from France and the Duke of Alba but Sir William Drury being sent into Scotland with forces out of England to ioine with the Scots the same Castle was yeelded in the three and thirtieth day of the siege and so the Castle and all the prisoners were deliuered vnto the Regent who hanged Kircaldy without mercie spared Hume and others at the request of Queene ELIZABETH Lidington was sent to Lieth where he died not without suspicion of poison And to the end that England might also bee more secure from clandestine attempts at home on the behalfe of the Queene of Scotland Iohn Lesly Bishop of Rosse who very faithfully had serued his Queene yet with the destruction of many men and danger of more was deliuered out of prison and commanded to depart out of England and went into France fearing Southampton whom by his appeaching he had brought in danger and also Henry Howard the Duke of Norfolkes brother to mollifie whose anger hee wrote an Apologie He was scarce departed but his secret Letter-carrier Henry Cokin was taken and by him was Morgan detected who prompt to doe some exploit for the Queene of Scotland and desirous to haue done somewhat forthwith fled away Atsloe the Physitian for the Papists and Goad Doctors of Physicke and Francis Berty because they had secret commerce of letters with her were put certaine moneths in prison And for the same cause Henry Goodyer and Richard Louder were called into question In the meane while Rosse did not pretermit any part or dutie of a most faithfull subiect to the Queene of Scotland towards the Emperour the Pope the French King and the Catholike Princes of Germanie who euery one gaue good words and hopes but yet performed nothing And also the Duke of Alba in whom he put his greatest trust did at this time depart out of the Low-Countries to his great griefe Anno 1574. HEnry the third of that name King of France and his mother did all that they could by secret deuices to get the young King of Scotland into France and to get Mourton out of his office of Regent sending secretly Scots out of the French Guard for this purpose into Scotland which thing the Queene of Scotland desired much being perswaded that if her sonne were in France out of danger that shee and the Papists in England should be dealt withall more mildly For hereupon she thought it would come to passe that the faction in Scotland hitherto countenanced by the authoritie of the Kings name would decay and come to nothing and that the English men would feare him more and more as hee grew vp in yeeres as well from France as out of Scotland And as much did the French men wish the same secretly fearing lest the Regent of Scotland depending wholly on the English should dissolue the ancient league betweene the Scots and the French Yet when the Regent earnestly requested that a league of mutuall defence betweene England and Scotland might bee made hee was not heard perhaps for that he requested withall that an annuall pension might bee assigned vnto him and vnto certaine other Scots But they were heard who with a small suspicion touched the Queene of Scotland the Countesse and Earle also of Shrewsburie as though they had wrought a mariage betweene Charles Vncle vnto the King of Scotland vnto whom the King had lately in the Parlament confirmed the Earledome of Lennox and Elizabeth Candish daughter to the Countesse of Shrewsburie by her former husband without the Queenes knowledge For which cause the mothers of both them and others were kept in prison and all the fault was laid vpon the Queene of Scotland And when sundry suspicions grew of the intent and purpose of this mariage Henry Earle of Huntingdon was made Lord President of the Councell in the North with new and secret instructions concerning this matter Anno 1575. THis yeere died in Scotland the most Noble Lord Iames Hamilton Duke of Chasteauleroy and Earle of Arran who was the Grand-childes sonne of Iames the second King of Scotland by his daughter the Tutor of Queene MARIE of Scotland and Gouernour of the Kingdome and heire designed while she was in her minoritie At such time as he had deliuered her vnto the French men hee was made Duke of Chasteauleroy in France then chiefe of the three Gouernours of Scotland appointed by MARIE in her captiuitie Whose cause while he defended most constantly he being a plaine and well-meaning man was vexed with all manner of politike and craftie deuices by turbulent and vnquiet minded people Anno 1577. DOn Iohn d'Austria had made a perpetuall edict at Gaunt to giue satisfaction to the Estates of the Netherlands for their aggrieuances which the Prince of Orange vtterly condemning opportunely heard that Don Iohn intended to marrie the Queene of Scotland on which he willingly laid hold and forthwith certified Queene ELIZABETH thereof by Famier thereby to withdraw her minde from peace yet she as one ignorant thereof by Daniel Rogers shewed her gladnesse of the perpetuall edict of peace though now she had certaine knowledge that Don Iohn by the perswasion of the Earle of Westmerland and the English fugitiues and forward fauour of the Pope and the Guises had in hope swallowed that mariage and withall the Kingdomes of England and Scotland and had already appointed to surprize the I le of Man in the Irish Sea as a fit place to inuade England out of Ireland and the West borders of Scotland wherein the Queene of Scotland had many assured friends as also in the opposite side of England North-wales Cumberland Lancashire and Cheshire where most of the inhabitants were earnest Papists But indeed Don Iohn as wee haue learned of Perez Secretarie to the King of Spaine before now ambitiously minded when hee had lost the hope of the Kingdome of Tunise had dealt couertly with the Pope about the expulsion of Queene ELIZABETH the marrying of the Queene of Scotland and the conquest of England and vnknowne to Philip had preuailed so farre that the Pope as out of the care of the common good moued Philip to make warre against England and Don Iohn himselfe being to depart into the Low-Countries had prosecuted it earnestly in Spaine and afterwards by
a turbulent spirit and nature casting out threats and terrors of the bloud that was ere long to bee shed in England On the next day the other seuen were drawne vnto the same place but vsed with more mercy by the Queenes commandement who hated the former cruelty for euery one of them hung till they were quite dead before they were cut downe and bowelled Salisbury the first was very penitent and aduised the Catholikes not to attempt the restitution of Religion by force or armes and the same did Dun who was the next Iones protesting that he had disswaded Salisbury from this enterprise and that he vtterly condemned and disliked the haughty and rash spirit of Babington and the purpose of inuasion Charnock and Trauerse fixed wholly to their praiers commended themselues to God and the Saints Gage extolling the bountifull liberality of the Queene toward his father and detesting his owne treacherous ingratitude toward a Princesse so well deseruing Hierom Bellamy who had hidden Babington after he was proclaimed traitor whose brother priuy to the same offence had strangled himselfe in prison ashamed and silent was the last of this company These men being executed Nauus the Frenchman and Curlus the Scot who were Secretaries to the Queene of Scotland being examined about the letters copies of letters and little notes and Ciphers found in the Queenes closet of their owne will acknowledged by their subscriptions that the handwritings were their owne endited by her in French taken by Nauus and turned into English by Curlus Neither did they deny that she receiued letters from Babington and that they wrote backe by her commandement in such a sense as is aforesaid Yet this is certaine out of letters that when Curlus did at this time aske Walsingham for what he promised that Walsingham did reproue him as one forgetfull of an extraordinary grace as that he had not confessed any thing but that hee could not deny when Nauus charged him therewithall to his face The Counsellors of England could not agree what should be done with the Queene of Scotland some thought good that no seuerity was to be vsed against her but to be kept very close as well for that she was not the beginner of this plot but onely made acquainted with it and also for that she was sickly and not like to liue long Others for the securitie of Religion would haue her dispatched out of the way and that by the course of Law Leycester had rather haue it done by poyson and secretly sent a Diuine to Walsingham to shew him that this was lawfull but Walsingham protested that he was so farre from allowing that any violence should be vsed that long agoe hee crossed and broke the aduice of Morton who had perswaded to send her into Scotland that she might be killed in the very borders of both the kingdomes They were moreouer of different opinions by what law or Act they should proceed against her whether out of that of the XXV yeare of Edward the third in which he is a traitor who deuiseth to kill the King or the Queene or moueth warre in the Kingdome or doth adhere vnto his enemies Or whether by that Law or Act of the XXVII yeare oâ— Queene ELIZABETH which is set downe before At length their opinion preuailed who would haue it by this latter law as made for this purpose and therefore to be accommodated thereunto therefore out of that law enacted the former yeare that enquiry might be made and sentence pronounced against them who raised rebellion inuaded the kingdome or attempted to hurt the Queene many of the Priuie Counsell and Noblemen of England were chosen Commissioners by letters Patents which was this after the Lawyers forme and stile ELIZABETH by the grace of God of England France and Ireland Queene Defender of the faith c. To the most Reuerend Father in Christ Iohn Arch-Bishop of Canterbury Primate and Metropolitane of all England and one of our Priuy Counsell And to our beloued and trusty Thomas Bromley Knight Chauncellor of England and another of our Priuie Counsell And also to our welbeloued and trusty William Lord Burghley Lord Treasurer of England another of our Priuy Counsell And also to our most deare cousin William Marquesse of Winchester one of the Lords of the Parlament And to our most deare cousin Edward Earle of Oxford great Chamberlaine of England another of the Lords of the Parlament And also to our most deare cousin George Earle of Shrewsbury Earle Marshall of England another of our Priuy Counsell and to our most deare cousin Henry Earle of Kent another of the Lords of the Parlament And also to our most deare cousin Henry Earle of Darby another of our Priuy Counsell And to our most deare cousin William Earle of Worcester another of the Lords of the Parlament And to our most deare cousin Edward Earle of Rutland another of the Lords of the Parlament And to our most deare cousin Ambrose Earle of Warwicke Master of our Ordnance another of our Priuy Counsell and to our most deare cousin Henry Earle of Pembrooke another of the Lords of the Parlament And also to our most deare cousin Robert Earle of Leicester Master of our horse another of our Priuy Counsell And to our most deare cousin Henry Earle of Lincolne another of the Lords of the Parlament And also to our most deare cousin Antony Vicount Montague another of the Lords of the Parlament And to our welbeloued and trusty Charles Lord Howard our great Admirall of England another of our Priuy Counsell And to our welbeloued and faithfull Henry Lord Hunsdon our Lord Chamberlaine another of our Priuy Counsell And also to our welbeloued and trusty Henry Lord of Aburgeuenny another of the Lords of the Parlament And to our welbeloued and trusty Edward Lord Zouch another of the Lords of the Parlament And also to our welbeloued and trusty Edward Lord Morley another of the Lords of the Parlament And also to our welbeloued and trusty William Lord Cobham Lord Warden of our fiue Ports another of our Priuy Counsell And also to our welbeloued and trusty Edward Lord Stafford another of the Lords of the Parlament And also to oâ—r welbeloued and trusty Arthur Lord Grey of Wilton another of the Lords of the Parlament And also to our welbeloued and trusty Iohn Lord Lumley another of the Lords of the Parlament And also to our welbeloued and trusty Iohn Lord Sturton another of the Lords of the Parlament And to our welbeloued and trusty William Lord Sandes another of the Lords of the Parlament And also to our welbeloued and trusty Henry Lord Wentworth another of the Lords of the Parlament To our welbeloued and trusty Lewis Lord Mordant another of the Lords of the Parlament And to our welbeloued and trusty Iohn Lord St. Iohn of Bletso another of the Lords of the Parlament And also to our welbeloued and trusty Thomas Lord Buckhurst another of our Priuy Counsell And
Scotland and his brother the Earle of Northumberland might bee deliuered out of Scotland But when his credit was suspected because of his priuate familiaritie with Burghley and also he delaied the matter very long that plot came to nothing For the which vpon his submission hee was notwithstanding fined in the Star-chamber at fiue thousand Markes which neuerthelesse the Queene pardoned As also the plot of Powell of Sandford one of the Pensioners and of Owen a Gentleman belonging to the Earle of Arundell who intended to aduenture vpon the same action but that Rosse did inhibit and hinder them as not able to performe so great an attempt since they were not men of that abilitie and meanes Yet did many English men hasten the mariage betweene the Queene of Scotland and the Duke of Norfolke as much as they could for they had by their perswasions brought him to thinke of the mariage with her againe contrarie to the promise he had made which was first found out by these meanes Ridolph the Florentine whom wee haue spoken of being sent ouer Sea into forraine Countries to deale in the Queene of Scotlands businesse had acquainted Charles Bailiffe a Flemming seruant to the Queene of Scotland with all his speeches with the Duke of Alua and had deliuered vnto him letters in Ciphers vnto her the Spanish Embassadour Norfolke Rosse and the Lord Lumley all put in one Packet which Bailiffe brought ouer with him though Rosse had bidden him to leaue them with the Captaine of Calice to bee sent ouer But as soone as hee arriued in Douer Hauen hee was apprehended and put in prison but his Packet of letters was sent to the Lord Cobham Warden of the Cinque-ports which things Rosse knew with the first and dealt so diligently and craftily with Cobham who was not ignorant of the Dukes counsell that that Packet was deliuered vnto him and another with other old letters wrapped vp was deliuered vnto the priuie Councellors And this was also signified vnto Bailiffe Yet hee being vpon the Racke confessed some things and amongst other that a Packet of letters came to the hands of Rosse This came to the knowledge of Rosse also who forthwith very wisely sent away Çuthbert his Secretarie and laid aside his Ciphers and priuie Characters with other things which might bring trouble at his friends houses so that when Sussex Burghâ—ey Mildmay and Sadleir searched his house most narrowly they found nothing nor could wring nothing out of him with interrogations who stood vpon it still that an Embassadour was not to be compelled to yeeld reasons and make answers to any but his owne Prince Yet on the next day Rosse was deliuered to the Bishop of Ely to keepe and shortly after hee was sent into the I le of Ely Also Sir Thomas Stanley Sir Thomas Gerard Knights and Rolston of whom I haue spoken were sent to the Tower of London And Henry Howard who had sued to the Archbishop of Yorke vpon suspicion was committed to the keeping of the Archbishop of Canterburie About the same time the Queene of Scotland had sent a certaine summe of mony vnto the French Embassadour for her friends in Scotland hee deliuered it vnto Barker and Higford who acquainting the Duke with the matter deliuered it to one Browne a Citizen of Shrewsburie a retainer of the Dukes to bee carried by Banister and Lander into Scotland vnto the Lord Herris Browne being suspicious when he perceiued by the weight that they had deliuered the money in gold and not in siluer he deliuered it and the letters to the priuie Councellors Herein the wiser sort did obserue that this was the first time that the Duke did commit treason in that he had giuen aid vnto Herris and the Scots proclaimed enemies who had depopulated the English borders Hereupon Higford was cast into pâ—ison who forthwith did voluntarily confesse all the matter concerning the money and withall he told them in what places he had hidden the letters Ciphers and the Commentarie of the Queene of Scotland I mentioned vnder the Matt and in the tiles The Queene of Scotland discoursed in this Commentarie these things at large The French King allowed the conference appointed with the Scots and that they proposed the mariage of Anjeou with Queene ELIZABETH for no other purpose but that they might with the better colour denie their aid promised to restore her That they secretly sought to hinder her mariage with Don Iohn d'Austria and that they fauoured exceedingly the mariage with Norfolke vpon malice to the Spaniard That the Duke of Alba did disallow the purpose of sending backe the Queene of Scotland into Scotland so much that he thought thereby would bee wrought not onely the vtter destruction of the Queene but also of the Romish Religion in all Britaine because that the Queene returned into Scotland should be in danger of siege or else of necessitie put to the aduenture of a battell with the Rebels who may easily get her into their hands by the helpe of the English men before forraine aid could come to helpe her Therefore since she cannot be in safetie in Scotland and no hope of helpe was likely to be out of France turmoiled with ciuill warres the most conuenient course seemed for her to resort for succour vnto the King of Spaine who had offered to marry her vnto Don Iohn d'Austria which yet she would refuse vpon condition that the Romish Religion might be restored in Britaine by Norfolke And also that her sonne might speedily be conueyed out of Scotland and sent into Spaine for so hee might bee kept in safetie instructed in his tender yeeres in the Romish Religion and withall all pretext taken from the Scots who vse his authoritie and name to countenance their rebellion For the working of these things and the procuring of forraine aid Ridolph was with speed to bee sent away and admonished secretly to keepe these things from the French King by all meanes When the priuie Councellors had receiued this Commentarie the letters I spake of and others sent from the Pope and Barker being taken had confessed all these things Sir Ralph Sadleir was commanded to watch the Dukes house at the Charter-house in London with a band of Souldiers The next day the Duke himselfe being examined not knowing what his seruants had confessed and thinking that the Commentarie had beene burned and the letters also denied all things stoutly a day or two after namely on the seuenth day of September he was conueyed to the Tower of London againe by Sir Ralph Sadleir Sir Thomas Smith Sir Henry Neuill and Doctor Wilson And then Banister who was the Dukes Lawyer and the Earles of Arundell and Southampton the Lords Lumley and Cobham and Thomas his brother Henry Percie Lowder Powell Good-yeere and others were put in prison who euery one in hope of pardon told all they knew As soone as the Commissioners shewed to him the confessions of these men the letters of the Queene of
Lastly that hee gaue aid vnto Herris a Scot and other enemies of the Queene in Scotland This being read the Clerke asked the Duke whether hee were guiltie of these crimes or no He besought that if it were lawfull by the Law he might haue a Lawyer appointed him to defend or pleade his cause Catlin Chiefe Iustice answered that it was not lawfull The Duke said It is meet that I submit my selfe to the opinion of the Iudges but there bee many darke and obscure points in this businesse neither vnderstood I of my arraignment till within this foureteene houres I was kept from bookes now I see I am to fight for my life without weapons Yet I haue heard that a Lawyer was assigned vnto Humfrey Stafford in a case of treason in the reigne of Henry the seuenth Dier chiefe Iustice of the Common pleas answered that a Lawyer was assigned vnto Stafford about the priuilege of the Sanctuarie from whence he was taken away by force and that he answered for himselfe without a Lawyer for the treason The Duke said I must speake this day for my life my goods for my children and that which is most to bee respected for my loyaltie and honestie let honour goe by yet let me aske one question Whether that the enumeration of the crimes must be holden for true in euery part and to which part I must answer Catlin said When the causes be true the enumeration is also to be accounted true I doe desire to be told said the Duke whether euery singular thing bee treason For I haue heard in the cause of the Lord Scroope in the reigne of Henry the fourth As hee would haue said more the Clerke of the Crowne interrupted him speaking aloud Thomas Duke of Norfolke art thou guiltie or not guiltie He said Not guiltie The Clerke asked him againe How wiltthou betried I commend said he my cause to God and to my Peeres The hainousnesse of my crimes woundeth my heart but the benignitie of her Maiestie from whom I could expect no more doth recomfort me and I beseech you my Lord Steward that I may bee dealt withall according to Law and that my memorie which is slipperie may not be opprest with the confused varietie of things That I haue you my Peeres and Iudges I acknowledge my selfe happy for vnto many of your integrities I would willingly commit my life I trusting vnto mine innocencie did not flie but yet I cannot but ingenuosly confesse that I haue transgressed against the Queene but in no treason I beseech you let not those things of smaller moment be put amongst the other of treason Then said Barham the Queenes Serieant at law The crimes of treason whereof thou art indicted are these Thou didst deuise to depriue the Queene of her Realme and of her life Thou didst intend to marrie with the Queene of Scotland Thou didst send for forraine power to inuade the Realme Thou gauest maintenance vnto the Rebels and didst helpe the Scots enemies to the Queene The Duke interrupted him saying Barham I pray you doe not aggrauate the matter with words in obiecting the mariage and other things which be not treason Barham turning to the Noblemen vrged the matter saying He that would marrie her that claimeth the Kingdome the same man desireth and seeketh after the Kingdome but this the Duke began when he was one of the Commissioners at Yorke to heare the cause of the Queene of Scotland at which time hee was sworne to weigh indifferently and vprightly the accusations and defences on both sides The Duke said That cause hath sundry parts which bee without the compasse of treason The Steward of England bade the Duke not to vse such digressions from the purpose who when Barham still vrged it with a loud voice hee acknowledged that the Queene of Scotland had claimed the Realme of England as due to her but that shee had giuen ouer the claime long since Barham to the contrarie shewed how she had not left off the claime because she had not yet made a release or renunciation thereof and hee accused the Duke hainously that he taught the Delegates of Scotland what to say and this out of the confession of the Bishop of Rosse The Duke confessed that Lidington moued the mariage vnto him and that hee refused it and that hee told them nothing and requested that the Bishop of Rosse might be produced before him Then did Barham prosecute at large many things which I haue mentioned before to proue that the Duke did vnmeasurably desire the Kingdome and stood much vpon this point What other thing could the Duke propose vnto himselfe in his minde without the priuitie of the Queene to marrie the Queene of Scotland a woman without goods without Kingdome her sonne being now established in the Realme of Scotland but that hee might get by her meanes or right the Kingdome of England and consequently depriue the Queene of her life and Kingdome The Duke said These things are farre fetcht to conuince me to haue imagined the depriuation and destruction of the Queene I will come neerer said Barham It is not vnknowne that you deuised with others to surprize the Tower of London which is the chiefest hold of England so that it is of necessitie that you then compassed the destruction of the Queene since Kingdomes cannot endure to haue a partner The Duke denied not that one Hopton put into his head the surprizing of the Tower yet that he reiected the same Why then said Barham didst thou aske the Earle of Pembrookes aduice who disswaded thee Barham went on and vrged him that when the Queene requested of the Infant King of Scotland certaine Castles and the English Rebels out of Scotland to bee deliuered the Duke secretly willed the Scots not to consent thereunto He accused him also that he attempted priuily to steale away the Queene of Scotland out of prison And this was after hee had solemnly promised to meddle or deale with her no more Then Candish was brought in witnesse against him that the Duke had a resolute purpose to marrie her and that hee asked him if hee could draw his Vncle to his side if Queene Elizabeth died The Duke vtterly denied these things and reiected his testimonie as of a needy man and a childish witnesse Moreouer it was shewed that the Duke sent secretly his man to the Earles of Northumberland and Westmerland to aduise them not to rise in rebellion as a thing that would proue very dangerous Also the letters of the Queene of Scotland were shewed wherein shee lamented that Northumberland was intercepted before hee was ready to rise For this flying newes was brought to her perchance of set purpose To these things the Duke answered These reasons doe not probably proue that he compassed the destruction of the Queene and that nothing yet brought against him was of any moment but onely the testimonie of the Bishop of Rosse neither was this to be receiued since he was a forrainer
by any meanes to kill her but for the deliuery of the Queene of Scotland he offered himselfe voluntarily vnto Sauage and the others Babington designed Tichenor of whose fidelity and valour he had a great opinion but he was gone to trauell Babington charged them not to impart the matter vnto any before they had sworne them to bee secret The Conspirators confer sometimes of this matter in Pauls Church in Saint Giles fields and in the Tauernes in the which they kept many feasts puffed vp with the hope of great honours now and then extolling the valour of the Nobility of Scotland who had lately intercepted the King of Scotland at Sterling and Gerard the Burgonian who had killed the Prince of Orange And they proceeded to that foolish vanity that they caused them who were designed and appointed to kill the Queene to be painted in tables to the life and Babington in the midst of them with this verse Himihi sunt Comites quos ipsa pericula ducunt But for that this verse as too plaine did not so well like them they tooke it away and in the stead thereof they put this Quorsum haec aliò properantibus It is reported that these tables were intercepted and secretly shewne vnto the Queene who knew none of them by the countenance but Barnwell who had oftentimes come vnto her about the causes of the Earle of Kildare vnto whom hee belonged but by other tokens which she was told she knew the man Truly one time walking forth for her recreation she espied Barnwell and looked earnestly on him without feare and turning vnto Hatton Captaine of her Guard and others said Am not I well attended and guarded that haue not in my company so much as one man that weareth a sword These words Barnwell himselfe told after to the conspirators and shewed them how easily she might then haue beene dispatched if the conspirators had beene there and Sauage affirmed the same Now nothing troubled the minde of Babington more than lest he should be deceiued of the forraine forces Therefore to make that sure and certaine hee determined to goe ouer himselfe into France and to send before Ballard ouer secretly for that purpose for whom he had got a license vnder a counterfeit name by a bribe he had giuen and that he might cleere himselfe from all suspicion by the before named Pooly he insinuated himselfe vnto Walsingham and with great earnestnesse sued vnto him to obtaine of the Queene for him a license to goe into France promising to doe good seruice in searching and discouering the most secret plots of the fugitiues for the Queene of Scotland He commended the purpose of the young man promised him not only a license but many and great matters if he performed it Yet he delaied from time to time the matter which they thought that not so much as the Sunne had knowne hauing gotten it out by the cunning wit of his owne and of others but especially by â—he intelligence of Gilbert Giffard a Priest This man borne at Chellington in Staffordshire not far from Chartley where the Queene of Scotland was kept and sent about this time by the fugitiues into England vnder the counterfeit name of Luson to remember Sauage of his oath he had taken and to lie hid to send the letters to and fro betweene them and the Queene of Scotland when they could draw neither the Countesse of Arundell nor the Lord Lumley nor Henry Howard nor George Sherley into so dangâ—rous a businâ—sse The fugiâ—iues to trie whether the conueying of letters by Giffard was safe first sent Blankes made vp like packets which when they vnderstood by answers to be deliuered they being more confident sent also others in ziffres of their affaires now and then But Giffard whether tormented in conscience or corrupted by bribes or terâ—ified with feare came secretly vnto Walsingham and told him who he was and for what purpose he was sent into England and offered all his seruice out of his loue towards his Countrey and Prince and promised to communicaâ—e vnto him all the letters he receiued either from the fugitiues or from the Queene of Scotland Walsingham embracing the occasion offered vsed the man courteously sent him into Staffordshire and wrote vnto Powlet that he should suffer some of his seruants to be corrupted by Gâ—fford and to wincke thereat He as vnwilling as he said that any of his seruants should be made a Traitor in a dissembling manner yet as loth he suffered him to corrupt the Brewer or the man that kept the prouender who dwelt hard by Giffard quickly corrupted the Brewer for a few Angells of gold who by a hole in the wall into the which a stone was put so that it mâ—ght be taken out secretly sent in and receiued backe letters which by posts appointed came to the hands of Walsingham who vnsealed and wrote them out and by the rare skill of Thomas Philips he found out the ziffres and so sealed them againe by the skill of Arthur Gregory that none could iudge them to haue beene vnsealed and so sent them vnto those men vnto whom they were directed So were those former of the Queene of Scotland vnto Babington and the answers of him vnto her and others vnto him in the which was crafâ—ily added a postscript in the same character bidding him to send the names of the six Gentlemen if not the other and also the letters sent the same day vnto Mâ—ndoza the King of Spaines Embassader vnto Charles Paget the Lord Paget the Arch Bishop of Glasco and to Fra. Inglâ—field euery one of which were copied out and afâ—eâ— aâ—d conuered as they were directed Queene ELIZABETH as soone as shee vnderstood by these letters that such a terrible storme hung ouer her head on the one side from her subiects at home and on the other side from forâ—aine enâ—mâ—es commanded Ballard to bee apprehended thereby to suppresse the conspiracie betimes So on a sudden hee was taken in the house of Babington in the very instant when he was ready to goe vpon â—is iourney into France Hereat Babington was wonderfully perplexed and was in a thousand mindes and went to Tichburne and asked his aduice what was to be done his counsell was that the conspirators should scatter and fly sundry waies but his owne was secreâ—ly to send Sauage and Charnock and that speedily to dispaâ—châ—th Queene yet that they might come with moâ—e facility vnto her to prouide some richer and more courtlike sutes for Sauage and of this matter he talked with them in Pauls Church but by and by changing his minde and concealing his inward cares stinging his heart he vrged Walsingham being then absent and at the Court that his licence to trauell into France might be now at length granted and withall intreated him to let Ballard free whom he should haue great occasion to vse in that negotiation Walsingham delaied and held him on with faire promises from day to day and as concerning
to our welbeloued and trusty Henry Lord Compton another of the Lords of the Parlament And also to our welbeloued and trustie Henry Lord Cheney another of the Lords of the Parlament To our welbeloued and trusty Francis Knolles Knight Treasurer of our houshold another of our Priuy Counsell And also to our welbeloued and trusty Iames Crofts Knight Controller of our said houshold another of our Priuy Counsell To our beloued and trusty Christopher Hatton Knight our vice-Chamberlaine another of our Priuy Counsell And also to our trusty and welbâ—loued Francis Walsingham Knight one of our chiefe Secretaries another of our Priuy Counsell And also vnto our trusty and welbeloued William Dauison Esquier another of our principall Secretaries of our Priuy Counsell And to our trusty and welbeloued Ralph Sadleir Knight Chauncellor of our Dutchy of Lancaster another of our Priuy Counsell And also to our trusty and welbeloued Walter Mildmay Knight Chauncellor of our Exchequer another of our Priuy Counsell And to our trusty and beloued Amyas Powlet Knight Captaine of the I le of Iersey another of our Priuy Counsell And to our trusty and welbeloued Iohn Wolley Eâ—quire our Secretary for the Latine tongue another of our Priuy Counsell And also to our trusty and welbeloued Christopher Wâ—ay Knight chiefe Iustice of the Kings Bench And to our trusty and welbeloued Edmund Anderson Knight Chiefe Iustice of the Common Bench Roger Manwood Knight Chiefe Baron of our Exchequer Thomas Gawdy Knight one of our Iustices of the Kings Bench And William Peryam one of the Iustices of our Bench Greeting c. And not to set it downe verbatim After the recapitulation of the Act made the last yeere these words follow When after the end of the Session of Parlament viz after the first day of Iune in the XXVII yeare of our reigne diuers things haue beene compassed and deuised tending to the hurt of our Royall Person as well by Mary daughter and heire of Iames the fift lately King of Scotland and commonly called Queene of Scotland and Dowager of France pretending title vnto the Crowne of this Realme of England as by diuers other persons with the priuity of the same Mary as it is giuen vs to vnderstand and for that we intend and determine that the said Act should be executed rightly and effectually in all things and by all things according to the tenour of the said Act and that all the offences aforesaid in the aforesaid Act as it is said mentioned and the circumstances of the same should be examined and sentence and iudgement thereupon giuen according to the tenor and effect of the said Act We giue vnto you and to the greater part of you full and ample power faculty and authority according to the tenour of the said Act to examine all and singular things compassed and deuised tending to the hurt of our Royall Person with the priuity of the said Mary and all the circumstances of the same and all the aforesaid offences whatsoeuer mentioned in the said Act as it is said and all circumstances of the same offences and of euery one of them And moreouer according to the tenour of the said Act to giue sentence and iudgement euen as the matter shall appeare vnto you vpon good proofe And therefore we command you to proceed diligently vpon the aforesaid things in the forme aforesaid at certaine daies and places which you or the greater part of you shall appoint and prouide for this purpose c. The most of these came to Fodringhay Castle in Northamptonshire on the xj day of October where the Queene of Scotland was then kept On the next day the Commissioners sent vnto her Sir Walter Mildmay Sir Amyas Powlet and Edward Barker a publike Notary who deliuered into her hands the letters of Queene ELIZABETH which when she had read ouer she with a Princely countenance and quiet minde said I am much aggrieued that the Queene my most deare sister is wrong informed of me and that I who haue so straitly beene kept so many yeeres and being now lame after I haue offered so many equall and faire conditions for my liberty haue laine so long time neglected Although I haue fully forewarned her of many dangers yet I was not beleeued but was alwaies despised although I am most neere to her in bloud When the Association was made and when it was confirmed in the Parlament I foresaw that whatsoeuer danger befell either by forraine Princes abroad or any harebraine fellowes at home or for the cause of Religion I should pay deare for the same I hauing so many deadly enemies at the Court I may take it in euill part and I haue cause for it that a league was made with my sonne without my priuity or knowledge but such like things I pretermit But to come vnto these letters It seemeth strange vnto me that the Queene commandeth me as if I were her subiect to come vnto a triall I am an absolute Queene neither will I doe or commit any thing which may empaire or wrong the Royall Maiestie of Kings and Princes of my place and ranke or my sonne My minde is not so deiected neither will I yeeld and sinke downe vnder calamity I referre my selfe vnto those things which I protested before Bromly and the Lord De la Ware The lawes and statutes of England are to me vtterly vnknowne I am destitute of counsellours I tell you plaine I know not who may be my Peeres my papers and notes of remembrances are taken from me there is none that dare pleade or speake in my cause I am free from all offence against the Queene neither am I to be called in question but vpon mine owne word or writing which can neuer be brought against me But yet I cannot deny but that I haue commended my selfe and my cause to forraine Princes On the next day returned vnto her in the name of the Commissioners Powlet and Barker who shewed this answer put into writing and they asked her if she persisted in the same After she had heard it distinctly read she commended it as truly and rightly conceiued and said she would persist in the same But said she I did not remember one thing which I wish may be put in Whâ—reas the Queene hath written I am subiect and liable vnto the lawes of England and am to be iudged by them because I liued vnder the protection of them I answer That I came into England to aske and craue aid and helpe from which time I haue beene kept and deteined in prison and could not enioy the protection and benefit of the lawes of England and hitherto I could not vnderstand by any body what the lawes of England were In the afternoone many chosen out of the Commissioners with men skilfull in the Canon and Ciuill lawes came vnto her but the Chancellor and the Treasurer declared their authority out of the letters patents and shewed her that neither captiuity nor the prerogatiue of