daughter of France for the King of Spain 31 H Lord Hayes after Earl of Carlile Ambassador in Paris 34 The Duke of Halluin beats Serbellon and the Spaniards before Leucato 115 The Pr of Harcour relieves Casal appears before Turin takes it 129 The Hard fortune of Kings daughters 32 Henry the Great slain 3 His treasure his army his burial 4 Henry the third buried 22. yeers after his death 8 M. Hicks now Sir Ellis Hicks the good service he did at Montauban 58 Hesdin taken by the French 126 Twenty Holland men of War come according to article to serve the French King 68 The Lady Henrietta Maria married to the King of Great Britain 66 Humbert Duke of Viennois upon what termes he bequeath'd Dauphiné to Philip of Valois I King Jame's Letter to the French King 63 His passionate speech to his Counsell his complement to her Majesty now Queen 66 The Jacobins hold that in no case the Counsel is above the Pope the question solemnly debated in Paris 12 Inventions to torment Ravaillac 7 The Iesuits have the heart of Henry the Great 8 Jesuits not permitted to open their Colledge in Paris 11 The Imperialists and Spaniards overrun Picardy and Burgundy 113 Insurrection in Diion suppress'd 93 Insurrection in Normandy 126 John Duke of Bragansa made King of Portugal 130 His Letter to the K. of Spain 131 Saint John de Luz taken by the Spaniard 114 The Isles of Saint Margarita and Saint Honorat taken by the Spaniard 112 Repris'd by the French 115 Italian predictions of Henry the Greats death 4 K Kings presence oft-times advantagious 20 Kings of France majors when as high as a sword 21 New Knights of the Holy Spirit 46 L Landrecy taken by the Duke de la Valette 115 Letter of the King of Spain to the Duke of Bragansa 130 Letter of King James to the French King 63 Letter from Richelieu to the Q. Mother 160 Letters interchangeable 'twixt Buckingham and Toiras 83 Letter from Condé to the Queen Mother 18 Letter from the Queen Mother to Condé 19 Letter from the Queen at her first arrivall in France to the King 31 Letters from the King to Monsieur 104 Letters from the King to the Duke of Halluin 116 Letters from the King to Condé 47 Letters to Toiras against the English 82 The Duke of Lerma marrieth the Infanta for the King of France 31 Lewis the Thirteenth his inclination and sports when young 3 His minority 5 His solemn coronation 10 His majority declar'd by Parlement 21 His gracious declaration to the Princes 35 His speech to his Mother after d' Ancres death 39 He beds with the Queen 43 A clash 'twixt him and the Parlement at Paris 47 His exploits in Bearn 50 His Protest to the Assembly of Notables 75 His answer to the Rochelers when they yeelded 86 He crosseth the Alps in Winter 87 Hath a shrewd fit of sicknes 96 His harsh answer to them of the Religion 62 His harsh Declaration against his Mother 99 His Declaration against Spain 100 His speech to the Palsgrave 127 His speech to the D. of Lorain 132 reduc'd to a great straight 32 He protects the Catalan 134 His death with the circumstances thereof 135 Examples of his piety 139 Divers speeches of his 139 His chastity and constancy 140 His exploits run over 142 Did greater things then Henry the Great 143 Divers things objected against him 141 Duke of Longuevill in arms 18 L'esdiguiers made Constable 59 Luynes put first to the King 3 Incenses the K. against d'Ancre 38 Hath Ancres estate given him and made Constable 52 A clash twixt him and Sir Ed. Herbert then Lo Ambassadour now Baron of Cherbery 55 A Dialogue between them 55 How worthily the English Ambassador compos'd himself 56 Luynes dieth of the Plague in the Army 58 His Legend 59 Duke of Lorain meets the King at Metz. 101 Duke of Lorain waves the performance of homage for the Duchy of Bar. 106 His complement to the King 106 He comes to Paris 132 Monsieur de Lien Cour Governor of Paris 29 M Marie de Medici declar'd Queen Regent by Parlement 5 Her speech upon the resignation of the Government 22 Her discours with Marossan about her escape 45 The first war with her son 44 The second war with her son 48 The beginning of her aversenes to the Cardinal 96 The causes of it 98 Her complaint against him 99 She returns to Flanders in discontent 99 Thence to Holland and so to England then to Colen where she died 133 Her high qualities 134 Mariana's opinion touching Kings protested against in Paris 9 Q. Margaret de Valois dieth her Character 26 Moderation the true rule of wisdom 13 Mazarini makes a peace in Italy 96 Monsieur maried to the Duke of Monpensiers daughter 72 His complement to her 73 He falls in love with the Duke of Montava's daughter and being cross'd flies to Lorain 92 Flies again to Lorain 103 He entreth France with an Army of strangers 103 His high propositions to his brother 104 Flies the third time to Lorain 105 Marieth the Lady Margaret the Duke of Lorains sister goes then to Flanders whence at the Infante Cardinals approach he steales away to France 106 Duke of Monmorency joyn's with Monsieur is defeated by Schomberg 104 Is beheaded at Tholouze 105 Morocco Ambassador in Paris his credential Letter 102 Montauban the last Town of them of the Religion which submitted 91 Monpellier capitulats by the Duke of Rohans advice 60 Morgard the Astrologer made Gallislave 14 N Nancy given up to the French 106 The Nature of the Spaniard in adversity 131 The Nonage of Lewis the Thirteenth 5 The Nonage of Lewis the Fourteenth now King 135 O The Oath the Queen of Englands French servants were to take 65 Open hostility 'twixt France and Spain pronounc'd by Herauld 111 Saint Omer besieged by the French who were forc'd to retire 123 Octavio Lassani an Astrologer his prediction of the Duke of Savoy's death 94 Obelisks and triumphant Arches in Rome in joy of the Dauphins Nativity 125 Oxenstern Ambassador in France 112 The Outrages the French committed at Tillemont 112 P Paris in great fear 114 Parlement of England superiour to the Assembly of the three Estates of France in numbers and state 23 Perrons prudent cariage in the great Assembly 24 Pensions of the Crown of France 27 Pasquills upon the Gates of the Louur 40 Pasquill upon the Cardinals gates 168 Pasquill in Rome of the King and the Cardinal 168 The old Parlement of France turn'd now to an Assembly of Notables 74 Peace renew'd by the intervention of the Venetian and proclaim'd at Privas 'twixt England and France 88 Pignerol taken by the Cardinal 94 Pignerol sold to the French King 97 The Parlement of Paris suspends the verification of the Kings Declaration against Monsieur and is sharply rebuk'd 98 The Palsgrave prisoner in France releas'd and the Kings speech unto him 127 Philipsburg taken by the Spaniard 108
defray his ordinary expences the town of Bourdeaux to her eternal glory shew'd herself carefull of his honor and supplied him Add hereunto that two whole armies fell from him that of the Suisse consisting of 6000. and that under the Duke of Vendosm being the greater of the two the one only left him the other turn'd against him and the whole body of them of the Religion declar'd it self against him and actually help'd the other side Moreover his Parliament at Paris would not verifie his Edicts Yet in the midst of all these straits He marcheth resolutly from Bourdeaux with his new Queen to joyn his army with Bois Dauphin with a purpose either to present battaile to the adverse party or to draw them to a treaty Espernon met him in the way with 4000. foot and 500. horse The Duke of Nevers did very much labour and made journeys to and fro for an accommodation and his endevors took so good effect that a Conference was agreed on at Lodun where Commissioners were appointed and did meet on both sides in the interim the Duke of Guyse perform'd a notable exploit with 2000. of the Kings prime horses wherwith he set upon three Regiments of Condés at Nantueil which he slew took and put to flight carrying all their colours to the King for a present Hereupon a suspension of arms was accorded through all the Kingdom except in Anjou Perch and the frontiers of Britany where Vendosm continued all acts of hostility notwithstanding that he had his Deputy at the Conference The King was then advanc'd to Chastel le Heraud where Villeroy deliver'd him the Articles of the Truce sign'd by the Princes and where a Legat came from the Pope to deliver him the Imperial Sword and to the Queen the Rosetree of flowers and leaves of gold Thence the King went to Blois where after a long debate an Edict of Pacification was publish'd upon the Treaty of Lodun which consisted of 54. Articles wherein all the Princes with their adhaerents as also They of the Religion found satisfaction and divers persons of base condition were nominated therein which the world cryed shame upon By this Edict the King approv'd of all actions pass'd as having bin done for his Service and by consequence tacitly disadvow'd what He and his Counsell had ordain'd to the contrary The former Arrests of the Court of Parliament of Paris which the King had suspended were reestablish'd and they of the Counsell of State annull'd and many high demands were accorded to them of the Religion The Chancelor Sillery and divers others who were the Kings Favorits before were outed of their offices Besides the said Edict there were also secret Articles condescended unto containing rewards and honors to some particular men in lieu of punishment and they were presented in a privat close way to the Parliament to be verified with the gran Edict The Court wav'd them a while but afterwards by expresse commandment of the Kings and by a Declaration he made that those secret Articles contain'd no more then what was granted in the secret Articles of the Edict of Nants already verified by the same Court the businesse pass'd though with much reluctancy for if those of Nants were verified what need these being the same have a second verification This as it were enforc'd Verification was accompagnied with Letters Patents from the King in special favor to the Prince of Condé and others Letters in favor of them of the Religion by which his Majesty declar'd not to have understood his subjects of the Reform'd pretended Religion in the Oath and Protestation he had made at his Coronation to employ his sword and power for the extirpation of heresies which put the world in an astonishment because it made the meaning of the Taker of that Oath and of the Prelat who administred it to differ This turn'd afterwards rather to the disadvantage then the benefit of the Demanders for those hard and high termes which reflected so much upon the conscience of a yong King stuck deep in his breast nor could he ever digest them as will appear in the ensuing Story Nor was his honor thought much to suffer hereby being newly come out of his nonage little vers'd in the art of Government and having not attain'd that courage and yeers which use to strike awe into Subjects This shrew'd tempest being pass'd the weather broak up and clear'd And the King brought his new Queen to Paris having surmounted such a world of difficulties and waded through a sea of troubles he had bin absent thence neer upon a twelvemoneth therefore you may well imagin with what joy and triumph the Parisians receiv'd him Observable it is that in this voyage the King notwithstanding that he had condescended to hard capitulations yet he attain'd his main ends which was to perfect the Alliance with Spain and to fetch home his wife in safety which he did maugre the great Martiall oppositions that were made by most of the Princes of France who malign'd the match In this yeer there happen'd some ill-favor'd jarrs in Italy twixt the Dukes of Savoy and Mantova about Monferrat The King employed thither the Marquis of Coeuures to compose the difference but he return'd without doing any good notwithstanding that the Ambassador of his Majesty of Great Britain joyn'd with him He sent afterwards the Marquis of Rambovillet who caried himself with more addresse for he tamper'd with the affections of the French and Suisses which made the better part of the Duke of Savoys army with such dexterity that the Duke entring into a diffidence of them hearkned to a Treaty Don Pedro de Toledo then Governor of Milan was arm'd for the Mantovan and by this Treaty both Parties were to disband in the interim if the Spaniard attempted any thing upon Monferrat France should assist his Highnes of Savoy But the Spaniard though he attempted nothing yet he reinforc'd his Troupes which struck an apprehension of fear into the Venetians who of all Nations are most eagle-ey'd to foresee dangers because there was a small difference twixt them and the Archduke of Grats about the Uscochi which made them confederat and co-arme with the Savoyard there were great Forces on both sides and Don Pedro took Verselli Damian but his Majesty of France employ'd thither Mons. de Bethune who procur'd a Treaty in Pavia to that end which took effect but the Spaniard afterwards delaying to give up Vercelli Modene Luynes kinsman was sent thither who did the work The difference also twixt the Republic and the Archduke of Grats was accommoded by French intercession so that in lesse then a twelve moneths four Ambassadors went from France to Italy About this time the Lord Hayes afterwards Earl of Carlile came in a very splendid equippage to Paris to congratulate in his Majestie of Great Britain's name 1. The alliance with Spain 2. The arrivall of the new Queen 3. The Kings return to Paris 4. The end
mediat a Peace for them of the Religion and in case of refusall to use certain menaces hereupon he coming to the Army and finding the approches to the said Town were almost finish'd he hastned his addresses to the King for an audience The King referring him to Luynes and desiring that what he had to say might be first imparted unto him he went accordingly to Luynes lodgings and deliver'd his Message so that he reserv'd still the latter part which was menace untill he heard how the busines was relish'd Luynes had hid behind the hangings a Gentleman of the Religion who was upon point of turning Roman that being an earwitnes of what had pass'd between the English Ambassador and Luynes he might relate unto them of the Religion what little hopes they were to expect from the intercession of the King of England The Ambassador and Luynes having mingled some Speeches the language of Luynes was very haughty saying What hath your Master to do with our Actions Why doth he meddle with our affairs Sir Edward Herbert replied It is not to you to whom the King my Master owes an account of his Actions and for Me it is enough to obey Him In the mean time I must maintain that the King my Master hath more reason to do what he pleaseth to do then you have to ask why he doth it Nevertheles if you desire me in a gentle fashion I shall acquaint you further Whereupon Luynes bowing a little said very well The Ambassador answer'd That it was not on this occasion only that the King of Great Britain had desir'd the Peace and prosperity of France but upon all other occasions whensoever any troubles were rais'd in that Countrey And this he said was his first Reason The second was That when a Peace was settled there His Majesty of France might be better dispos'd to assist the Palatin in the affairs of Germany Luynes said We will none of your advices The Ambassador replied That he took that for an Answer and was sorry only that the affection and good will of the King his Master was not sufficiently understood and that since 't was rejected in that maner he could do no lesse then say that the King his Master knew well enough what he had to do Luynes said We are not afraid of you The Ambassador smiling a little replied If you had said you had not lov'd Us I should have beleev'd you and made you another Answer In the mean while all I will tell you more is That We know very well what we have to do Luynes hereupon rising a little from his chaire with a fashion and a countenance much discompos'd said By God if you were not Monsieur l' Ambassadeur I know very well how I would use you The Ambassador herewithall rising also from his chaire said That as he was his Majesties of Great Britains Ambassador so he was also a Gentleman and that his sword whereon he laid his hand should do him reason if he took any offence After which Luynes replying nothing the Ambassador went on his way towards the doore to which when Luynes seem'd to accompagny him the Ambassador told him that after such language there was no occasion to use ceremony and so departed expecting to hear further from him But no message being brought him from Luynes he did in poursuance of his instructions demand audience of the King at Cognac St. Iean d' Angely being now rendred who granting it where he did in the same termes and upon the same motives Mediat a Peace for them of the Religion and receiv'd a far more gentle Answer from the King The Marshall de Saint Geran coming to Sir Edward Herbert told him in a friendly maner you have offended the Constable and you are not in a place of surety here whereunto he answer'd That he held himself to be in a place of surety wheresoever he had his sword by him Luynes little resenting the affront he receiv'd from Sir Ed. Herbert got Cadenet his brother Duke of Chaune with a ruffling train of Cavaliers neer upon a hundred whereof there was not one as Cadenet told King Iames but had kild his man in duel Ambassadour extraordinary to England a little after who misreporting the clash 'twixt Sir Ed. Herbert and Luynes prevaild so far that Sir Ed. Herbert was presently revok'd to answer the charge that should be laid against him In the mean time the Earl of Carlile that dexterous Courtier was employ'd extraordinary Ambassador to France for accommodating le mal entendu which might arise 'twixt the two Crowns Carlile was commanded to inform himself of the truth of the businesse afore mention'd and he could meet with no relation but what Luynes had made himself wherein more affronting and haughty expressions were laid to Sir Ed. Herberts charge then had truly pass'd for though the first provocation came from Luynes yet the Ambassadour kept himself within the bounds both of his instructions and honor but as my Lord of Carlile was ready to send this mis-information to England the Gentleman formerly spoken of who stood behind the hangings came to the Earl of Carlile and said that he ow'd so much unto truth and honor that he could doe no lesse then vindicat Cavalier Herbert from all indiscretion and unworthines and thereupon related the true circumstances of the businesse The Earl of Carlile being thus rectified in the knowledge of the truth gave account to King Iames accordingly who cleer'd Sir Ed. Herbert and resolv'd to renvoy him Ambassador to France whereof he having notice kneel'd to the King before the Duke of Buckingham and humbly desired that since the busines was public in both Kingdoms he might in a public way demand reparation of M. Luynes for which purpose he beseech'd his Majesty that a Trumpeter if not a Herald might be sent on his part to M. de Luynes to tell him That he had made a false relation of the passages before mentioned and that Sir Ed. Herbert would demand reasons of him with sword in hand on that point the King answering that he would take it into consideration Luynes a little after died and Sir Edward was again sent Ambassador to France But to return to our former road besides those places formerly mentioned the Towns Suilly Merac and Caumont were also taken for the King but the latter two by the Duke of Mayn Governor of Guyen All Poitou being reduc'd to Royall obedience and setled the King resolv'd to go for Guyen to suppresse the Duke of Rohan and la Force who were in arms and had a considerable Army He left behind the Duke of Espernon with 4000. foot and 600. horse to beleager Rochell and stop the advenues in the interim So he advances to Guyen and divers places in the way open'd their gates unto him till he came to Clairac where he found a tough resistance He lost before the Town the great Lord of Thermes and sundry persons of quality besides
Soubize he march'd away at last There was a great debate in the Cittadell whether the English should be poursued in the Retreat or whether a bridge of silver should be made them to passe quietly away The first opinion prevayl'd so they had not march'd a Musket shot from the Town but two hundred horse two thousand foot were at their heeles The English made a stand to see whether the French would fight but they would not so they continued their march till they came to la Nova a little village where they made another stand thinking the French would charge which they forboare still Thence they march'd to Lewisbridg where they were to imbark but before two Regiments were pass'd over the Bridg which was very narrow the French fell upon the English horse in the reare and routed them so that the foot could not charge then they began to fly and the enemy had the execution of five Regiments which he put most to the sword except twenty Officers and one hundred common soldiers divers also were drown'd in the salt-pits and dikes so there perish'd in all neer upon two thousand besides the sick which were left before the Cittadell all whose throats were cut and sent in a Bark thrust from the shore to the English Ships My Lord Monjoy now Earl of Newport was there taken prisoner old Colonel Gray was fallen into a salt-pit and being upon point of being drown'd he cryed out cent mill escus pour marancon a hundred thousand crowns for my ransom so the noise of the mony sav'd his life There were divers prisoners besides taken but they were sent as a present to the Queen of England to whom the King writ this following Letter by le Chevalier de la Ramé call'd du Meau Madame my sister It having pleas'd God to blesse my arms in such sort that my Lord Monjoy Colonel Gray divers Captains Officers and Gentlemen remaind my prisoners in the journey which pass'd at Ré the eighth of this moneth I was willing to testifie unto all Christendom the speciall esteem which I make of your Person by sending unto you the said prisoners which I have let go upon their words for your sake Nothing having invited me thereunto but the friendship which I bear you and the knowledge I also have that I cannot do an act more acceptable to the Queen my Mother then to do for your sake what I would not do for any other Du Meau will assure you of my health I pray you have a care of your own which is most deer unto me and I assure you that the world hath not a brother which makes more account of a sister then I do of you so I rest my Lady and Sister your most affectionat Brother Lewis From the Campe before Rochell the last of November 1627. There were also forty foure Colours taken which the King sent to the two Queens at Paris and they hang to this day in the great Church there This was the dismall'st day that the English ever had in France who in times pass'd perform'd such stupendous exploits in that Countrey yet the Invasion was made with much gallantry for they might be said to have swom through water and blood to take footing on the Island which discover'd much of the ancient courage of the Nation Besides they did before the Cittadel as much as men could do upon their marching away they made two stands to draw Schomberg to fight notwithstanding that they had not in number a quarter of the horse that he had newly transported from the Continent They took likewise divers prisoners of note who were released also without ransome by his Majesty of Great Britain Divers omissions there were that prov'd fatall to this expedition 1. The not speedy marching of the English Army in poursuance of their first victory to the Cittadell where Toiras had time in the interim to fortifie 2. The not taking of the little Fort la Prée in the way which might have serv'd for a retreat 3. That the Duke did not follow the advice of Burrowes to go to Oleron a greater Island and afterwards of the knowingst Colonels so often press'd upon him to march away before Schomberg came over for so he might have made an honorable retreat then which there is nothing more difficult in the fait of armes not is it any disgrace to go away in the night for preventing of being beaten in the day Monsieur Soubizes counsell was the cause of these omissions who was the main contriver of this infortunate voyage with Blancart who fell at first landing And it seems a hard destiny hanted the said Soubize though a worthy man of himself in all attempts from the beginning He was taken prisoner at Saint Iohn d'Angely he was forc'd to flye at Royan and twice with this time at Ré He had but ill succes at Medoc and divers ill-favor'd encounters at Sea though he lost lesse honor there then a shore Some outlandish Chroniclers would have it that there were three Furies which impell'd the English to this Expedition 1. The ambition of Buckingham 2. The felony of Soubize 3. The rebellion of the Rochellers but these men write more out of passion then knowledge for as I instanc'd in the beginning of this relation there were divers causes to move England to armes as matters stood then The King having had such rare successe against the English he resolves upon the planting of a serious siege before Rochell thereupon order was given for an exact circumvallation by Land and Pompco Targon an Italian Engineer was employed for Sea works the said Targon being assisted with the Cardinals headpeece fell on a plot to raise a huge dike in the channell which the Rochellers geer'd at first but they found it the bane of their Town at last The Rochellers had recourse to the King of Great Britain for protection who resenting their sad condition employed two Royall Fleets for their succour which made but sory returns The Duke of Buckingham was to be General of the last but he was tragically slain the day before he was to embark Thereupon the Earl of Linzey went in his place but before he appear'd before the Town Targon had finish'd the gran Dike whereof the Cardinal was dayly overseer the King being then in Paris there were certain kind of palissadoes and other strange fabriques rais'd in the channel to the wonderment of the world for Marquis Spinola at his revokment from Flanders to Spain and passing by the Kings Army said he had never seen the like being as trenches and barricadoes erected in the Sea and they were done with that advantage that no navall power could do any good upon them In so much that the English Fleet being arriv'd the Cardinal sent to the General that he should have safe pasport to come a shore with six of his knowingst Commanders with permission to view the works and if they thought in their judgements
that the Town was succourable he would raise the siege without fighting a stroak The General of this Fleet was the Lord Rob Willoughby Earl of Linzey whom the French Chroniclers call Willaby Inghay and the General of the former Fleet they call Count d'Emby in lieu of Denbigh so they call Burrowes Burrache Ashpernham Hasburnim And as in this relation so every where els they seldom or never truly render the sirname of any English or German which under favor is a great error and a kind of stupidity and carelesnes in an Historian The King being return'd with the flower of all the Nobility of France to the siege before Rochell which had now lasted a long time the Town was reduc'd to an extreme exigent and want of provision having for greedinesse of mony sold upon high prises to the English being at Ré much corn and other things therefore they came at last to a submission their Deputies making this speech to the King Sir they who have bin a long time shut up in obscure prisons when they come abroad cannot behold the Sun without dazzling their eyes so we whom a long captivity hath kept reclus'd within our walls coming now to appeer before your Majesties face we are not able to endure the brightnesse of it without dazzlement and some horror of our faults pass'd which adds to our confusion yet the goodnes of your Majesty whereof we have tasted the effects so often and do now find gives us the boldnesse to prostrat our selfs at your feet to implore pardon which our frequent relapses into our crimes do not permit us to hope for c. So they go on with a protest and deep asseveration of their loyaltie for the future wherein they will endeavor to surpasse all the rest of his subjects The King answer'd God grant that you have spoken to me from the bottom of your hearts and that necessity rather then an acknowledgement of your faults hath put these words in your mouthes you have made use of all means and inventions to withdraw your selfs from the duty of good and faithfull subjects yet I cannot forbeare to let you feel the effects of my goodnes and mercy Be wiser hereafter and assure your selfs I will not breake my promise At the beginning of the siege there were in the Town about eighteen thousand souls but at the reddition there were not five thousand and scarce one hundred who had strength to bear a Musket an ounce of bread was worth half a crown a pound of bisket seven crowns an egg six shillings a pound of horse-flesh ten shillings a cabbage leaf three pence many dragg'd themselfs to the Church-yards and made their own graves A little before their reddition they married all the young maids in the Town that were espousable who had any portions The King caus'd all kind of fortifications new and old except those towards the haven to be raz'd all bastions and the walls to be demolish'd and the moats fill'd up so of a City she became to be an open village without Maire Sheriffs or any other Magistrat the Inhabitants to be contributory to all kind of taxes those ramparts that were built out of the ruines of Churches and Monasteries were employed for reedification of the former Churches a great Crosse was erected in the Market-place and a Decree pass'd that there should be a solemn Procession every yeer upon All Saints day about that Crosse in remembrance that the Town was taken that day all their Parishes were reduc'd to three In so much that as the quality of the place so the whole government thereof was entirely alter'd as if they had bin put to begin the world again In the mean time while the King had triumphed thus over Rochell the Duke of Rohan was very active in Languedoc having considerable forces which made the Parlement of Tholouze thunder out a furious Arrest against him That for his so many Conspiracies Rebellions Disloyalties and for bringing the English into France and other most odious Treasons he was depriv'd of the title of Duke made incapable of the benefit of the generall Act of oblivion that he should be drawn by wild horses his body dismembred and burnt his ashes thrown into the wind his posterity declar'd Peasants his Duchy reunited to the Crown and whosoever could apprehend his person and bring him living or dead he should have one hundred and fifty thousand Franks for a guerdon The Duke so little valued this sentence that he cau'd Masvyer the chief President of Tholouze to be hanged the next day in Effigie in the Town where he was There was at this time in Italy a former difference reviv'd 'twixt the Duke of Savoy and the Duke of Mantova about Monferrat which had bin some yeers before accommoded by the intervention of France The Emperour and Spaniard were for the Savoyard hereupon Don Gonzalez de Cordova besieg'd Casal The King of France thought it concernd his honor and safety to assist the Mantovan who had been once his vassal when only Duke of Nevers therefore having settled all things at Rochell he marcheth with his Army toward the Alpes but demanding passage of the Duke of Savoy the Duke a great while did complement with him Hereupon he forceth his passage through snow and yce in the moneth of February and got over to Susa in person which was rendred unto him so the Duke and He were upon good termes and free passage accorded for his Army to passe to Piemont to raise the siege of Casal but Gonzales by the advice of the Duke of Savoy quitted the siege himself in the interim and so retir'd to Milan and the King returned to France While he was t'other side the Alps at Susa by the interposition of the republic of Venice there was an overture made of a reconciliation 'twixt England and France which quickly took effect The King in his return ore the Alps with his Cardinal caus'd a Pillar to be erected in the common road upon one of the highest Mountains with this ostentous Inscription To the eternall memory of Lewis the thirteenth King of France and Navarr most gracious most victorious most happy most just A Conqueror who having overcome all Nations of Europe he hath triumphed also over the elements of heaven and earth having twice pass'd ore these Hills in the moneth of March with his victorious Army to restore the Princes of Italy to their estates and to protect and defend his Allies Being return'd to France he heard the Duke of Rohan rov'd still up and down with forces in Languedoc and that he was upon point of entering into a confederation with the Spaniard to which purpose He employ'd one Clausel to Madrid who propos'd That if his Catholic Majesty would be pleas'd to furnish him with 600000. crowns annually the Duke of Rohan would undertake to raise and maintain an Army of twelve thousand foot and twelve hundred horse to make what diversion his Majesty would appoint