declared Princesse and inheritrix of his Realmes in the assembly of the generall states assembled at Madrid for the same purpose the Infants D. Alphonso and Donna Isabella his sister being the first that did sweare in this solemnity there grew a dontention at this parliament about the precedencie of the citties who should first sweare but the Kings pleasure was that Segobia should sweare first before any of the rest without preiudice to their rights and preuiledges The Court remained certaine months at Madrid and Segobia the King taking great delight to hunt in those wooddy countries from thence he went to Alfaro to treat of the affaires of Nauarre and Arragon and hee left the Queene at Segobia three monthes gonne with child Fire kindled in Queene Ioanes haire by the Sunne beames but she miscarried soone after the Kings departure being flighted with a strange fire kindled in her haire by a beame of the Sunne as she sate in her chamber which burnt part of her lockes a rare thing but yet proceeding from certaine ointments apt to kindle wherewith she vsed to die and collour her haire a thing ordinary amongst amorous Ladies whose only care and study is to correct and amend the naturall forme of their bodies with artificiall receits to make them seeme the more louely this abortiue child was a sonne King Henry being at Alfaro Nauarre and Arragon the Archbishop of Toledo and the Admirall D. Frederic began to mediate a peace betweene the two Kings of Castile and Arragon and for that purpose King Iohn came to Tudela vnto whom the Marquis of Vallena was sent the King of Castill hauing first taken D. Iohn of Arragon as ostage for him At Tudela diuerse meanes were propounded for the conclusion of the peace which taking no effect it was thought fit that the Marquis should goe with King Iohn and the Queene his wife to Saragossa to consult more amply of those affaires The Marquis made summe stay there but King Iohn had occasion to goe in all hast into Cattalogna in the meane time the Queene did entertaine him very sumptuously and among other fauours she caused him to eate at her owne table which as then was serued onely with Ladies and gentlewomen without any men at all At the Kings returne to Sargossa the peace was concluded vpon the deliuery of ostages and certaine places for assurance on each side to weet La Gardo Peace betweene Castile and Arragon Saint Vincent Arcos and Larraga by the King of Arragon and on the part of Castil Lorca in the Kingdome of Murcia and Comago in the territory of Soria The Nauarrois were discontented that King Iohn should giue any places of the Realme of Nauarre in pawne rather then those of the Kingdome of Arragon but of necessity it behoued them to bee content therewith The Cattelans also were reconciled to the King and they did acknowledge by oth the Infant D. Fernand being then nine yeeres old for heire and lawful successor to the crowne of Arragon who from thenceforth was intituled Prince of Girona This peace betweene King Iohn and his subiects lasted not long Sedition in Cattalogna whether it were because they were certified of the Princes vntimely death whom their did so deerely loue and which they desired to reuenge or for any other occasion but it fell so out that in the country of Rossillon Ampurdam and other places of Cattalogna there arose great tumults and mutinies the Earle of Pallars being chiefe of that rebellion there was a rumor spred abroad that Prince Charles his ghost did nightly complaine in the streets of Barcelona crauing vengeance on Queene Ioane his step-mother who by poison had parted his soule from his body The Queene to resist those disorders came to Girona where she was forthwith beseeged by the Earle of Pallars Queene Ioane beseeged in Girona and constrained with the Prince D. Fernand her sonne to fortifie her selfe with great daunger of their liues in the tower of the Cathedral Church of the same city At the same time the Barcelonois did driue al the Kings officers forth of their city and as many as did loue and affect him resoluing neuer more to obey him but to become subiects to the King of Castile The Inhabitants of Girona did greatly fauour the beseeged Queene who vnder the conduct of Du Puy master of the order of Montesa made great resistance but the Earle of Pallars entred the city by force and did furiously assaile and batter the strong tower desirous to take the Queene and the Prince her sonne but they one her side vsed such dilligence as the Earle was beaten out of the towne with great losse of his people The King being much troubled with the reuolt of the Cattalans and other places also of his Kingdomes sent into France to intreate of King Lewis aide of men and money Iohn of Arragon pawneth Rossillon to Lewis the eleuenth vnto whom he engaged for the summe of three hundred thousand crownes of gold for the paiment of his souldiars the Earledome of Rossillon and Cerdagne He obtained of him two thousand fiue hundred horse amongst whom were seuen hundred Launces furnished of which forces Gaston Earle of Foix and Lord of Bearn sonne in law to King Iohn was Generall In this warre which was long and troublesome diuers Knights of the faction of Grammont did good seruice to the King the chiefe of whom were Don Peter de Peralta Constable of Nauarre Sanches of Londogno sonne to the Marshall of Nauarre Fernand of Angulo Stephen of Garro Roderigo of Puelles the Viscount Bertrand of Armendaris Iohn Henriques of Laâ—arra and Gyles de Aualos Iames Diaz of Armendaris Lord of Cadreita Pedro of Ansa Iohn of Aquerri and Sancho of Erbiti surnamed the obstinate who did beare for his motto or deuise So or no glorying in that he was contentious by reason whereof this Knight had in his time many quarrels to maintaine The comming of the French caused the Earle of Pallars to raise his seege from before Girona So the Queene beeing freed ioyned with the army of the Earle of Foix and pursued the Rebelles causing diuerse of them to craue pardon The King hauing leauied men at armes sent them vnder the commaund of his sonne Don Alphonso of Arragon to ioyne likewise with the Earle of Foix his forces hee himselfe following after staied a while in the City of Bellaguer to appease the tumultuary Inhabitants into the which towne he entred in armes and there receiued newes of the yeelding vp of Tarraga whether he forthwith went but soone after he was constrained to dislodge from thence being aduertized that Don Iohn de Agullon with certaine Regiments came thitherward to surprise him and so he returned to Bellaguer Those of Barcelona D. Iohn declared enemy by the Barcelonois and despoiled of his right in that principallity mooued with extreame hatred against their King did by publike proclamation declare him enemy of their country saying
of Echauarri Bishop of Pampelona and by his aduise Diego Henriques was sent backe and with him an other of the same coate to intreate King Henry to redeliuer the three townes of La Garde Arcos and Saint Vincent and that Calaorra should be forthwith restored backe and besides that the Earle and the Princesse should aide him with forces from Nauarre against his owne rebels and would in no sort fauor nor aide them This Ambassage deliuered to the King of Castile at Segobia did much content him and he sent backe the licenciat Diego with the Ambassador of Nauarre to accomplish these restitutions so that for assurance of what the Earle and the Princesse should promise they should giue their children D. Iohn and Donna Mary for ostages The two Ambassadors being on their way he of Castile staied at Logrogno and he of Nauarre came to the Earle vnto whom hee gaue account of his charge and according to that which was set downe the Earle and Diego Henriques met since in a certaine place yet they agreed vpon nothing the Earle of Foix being importuned to the contrary by the league of Castile The Castillan Ambassador foreseeing that the Earle ment to beseege Alfaro hee gaue order speedily that a hundred horsemen with store of victuals should enter into the same towne within a while after the Earle being at Tudela he sent for the Castillan Ambassador to the end to treat againe with him about an agreement and he caused the Bishop of Pampelona and Martin de Peralta to deale with him but there was lesse done at this meeting then before for the Bishop vsed many iniurious speeches against King Henry so as all men were ashamed of him but the Ambassador of Castile did carry himselfe so modestly and did refute the Bishops words with such good reasons as in the end he made him to acknowledge his fault and to excuse himselfe In conclusion the end of their disputation was that the Earle would not send his children and that if the King of Castile would not yeeld vp the towne which hee held in Nauarre he would then beseege Alfaro with this resolution the Ambassador departed and in foure daies space that he remained at Alfaro he caused it to be fortified with rampiers and defenses as much as his short stay would giue him leaue from thence he went into Soria and leauied souldiers there for the defence of the same place Alfaro being beseeged and furiously battered by the Earle did hold out notwithstanding that it is scituated betweene Calaorra and Tudela wherein were great garrisons of French-men and Nauarrois so as within the space of twelue daies the succors of Castile appeared consisting of one thousand three hundred horse The Bâ—shop of Pampeloaâ— caâ—seth the townes o'L Garde Saint 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 to remaine vnder the power of Castile and fiue thousand footmen conducted by Alphonso de Areillan Lord de los Cameros by reason whereof the Earle raised his seege and brought backe his people to Tudela and soone after he receiued newes that the Inhabitants of Calaorra had massacred the French Garrison there and returned to the obedience of their Prince King Henry These disorders did greatly displease the Earle the Constable Lord Peter of Peralta and others who laide the whole fault vpon the Bishop of Pampelona who was the cause that the townes of La Garda Saint Vincent and Arcos which of old times belonged to Nauarre haue euer since remained in the power of Castile King Iohn after the victory which his sonne had obtained at Poblin receiued diuerse Inhabitants of the Prouince of Ampurdan which yeelded to him some willingly others for feare And desiring straightly to beseege Ceruera a strong place by nature hee sent thither the troupes of D. Alphonso and those which the Queene held before Valdecona a towne seated within a mile of Tortosa Igualada surprised by meaneâ— of the dâ—scord of the Inhabitants but D. Alphonso before he marched to the campe vnderstanding that the Inhabitants of Igualada were at dissention among themselues some of them cleauing to the new King D. Pedro the others to King Iohn hee drew nere to it and found meanes to take it whilest they were at variance Hauing gotten in he vsed them kindely that held with King Iohn the others hee seuerely punished then he went to Ceruera which was so speedily battred and assailed as in the end it yeelded vpon composition to haue their liues and goods saued and their priuiledges entirely maintained the which was graunted The gouernment of that place was giuen to Iohn de Carraxona then they went to Pratas where the new King D. Pedro had left a garrison he himselfe being retired to Barcelona Pratas was yeelded and Rodona likewise vpon conditions and the army passed on to Tortosa the Prince D. Fernand conducting the formost troupes who beganne to encampe before Amposta hauing with great difficulty passed the riuer Ebro hich was greatly swelled and risen The seege of Amposta was long and difficult winter drawing neere which prooued that yeere so exceeding cold A cold winter beyond the custome of the country as it is reported that wolues came into the soldiars tents and cabanes as though they had beene tame and great numbers of sundry sorts of snakes were found in the fields which did no hurt at all which did greatly amaze the souldiars who held those things for strang prognostications Snakes among the army in the dead of winter so as King Iohn was constrained to comfort and animate his people with orations and friendly speeches wherein a Sicillian Gentleman named Scipio Patello who was wise and eloquent did him good seruice By the great labour of the souldiars and extreame dilligence of the captaines Amposta was taken by force where the King executed some of the principall Inhabitants Amposta takeâ— by King Iohn and pardoned others as namely the Gouernor who with diuers others had taken the castle After this they beseeged Tortosa which the King greatly desired who sent thither D. Alphonso his son to shut in the Inhabitants and to prepare things in readinesse to batter it The townes-men perceiuing it was in good earnest sent forty of their Citizens to the King to perswade him to desist from that enterprize and to assure him that Tortosa would not rebel against him if the other townes of Cattalonia would compound and yeeld therefore they entreated him to go to some other place and to leaue them in peace other-wise he should thinke that if the taking of Amposta cost him so deere that Tortosa which was much stronger and greater would stand him in no lesse The King knowing that the Tortosans were none of the valiantest answered them that if they did not submit themselues to his obedience he would seuerely punish them which they refusing the warre beganne to be very sharpe in euery place about the City with the dayly losse of many on either side the towne was battered with great fury
werefore he made all the hast he could to enter into Portugall beeing loth to let slip this occasion Before his departure he propounded in councell to put his brother the Earle of Gijon to death but he was perswaded by many graue reasons and examples to forbeare Don Iohn Master of Auiz a bastard the first of that name and tenth in number chosen King of Portugal IN Portugal his aduersaries lost no time but prouided for all that was necessarie for a future warre Assembly in Portugal for the election of a king for the better managing whereof they were of aduise to choose one who should haue soueraigne authoritie among the rest for the effecting whereof the Noblemen and Knights of the Realme who reiected the gouernement of Castile among the which the most eminent were Don Iohn Master of Auiz and Don Nugno Aluarez Pereira assembled in the cittie of Coimbra and there held a king of Parliament whither also came the Deputies of the townes of their partie there it was debated whether they should choose a Regent or a King Many were of opinion they should choose a king and gaue their voices some to Don Iohn Master of Auiz base sonne to the king Don Pedro others sayd it was more reasonable to make Don Iohn lawfull sonne to the king don Pedro king who was prisoner in Castile Many considering the wrong they did therein to the Queene D. Beatrix were of opinion that it was better to seeke some good accord with Don Iohn king of Castile her husband whereunto some did oppose saying that the Queene D. Leonora Telles De Meneses could not be lawfull wife to king Fernand hauing taken her by force from her husband Laurence Vasques of Acugna and therefore D. Beatrix was no more legitimate then the Master of Auiz and that being both base it were better to acknowledge him for king then her that as for the Infant D. Iohn a lawfull son to whom the crowne of Portugal did rightly belong that his deliuerie was vncertaine and therefore they must not stand vpon it the Portugals hauing then need of a free king to oppose himselfe against the attempts of Castile who sought to oppresse them D. Iohn master of Auiz chosen king of Portugal This opinion preuailed and they all consented to choose D. Iohn Master of Auiz for king of Portugal and so he was proclaimed eighteene moneths after the interregne in the Monasterie of Saint Francis of Coimbra in Aprill this yeare 1385. the people crying out that it was that king which was prophecied by the Infant at Ebora whereof mention was made This king is called by the Portugals of happie memorie for that he freed the country from the Castillans whose gouernement was exceeding hatefull vnto them he was also surnamed the Bastard for that the king D. Pedro begat him out of marriage He shewed a great courage and generositie in the reception of this great charge to defend a Realme diuided against the power of the king of Castile being allyed to France and Nauarre but a Royaltie and the liberty of his country did sufficiently requiâ—e the perill and danger which he did vndergo The king D. Iohn being aduertised of that which the Portugals had done at the Estates at Coimbra he sent D. Pedro Tenorio Archbishop of Toledo a Portugal borne with some troupes to retaine in their fidelitie such as followed his party in Portugall This Prelate entring the countrie by Viseo made a miserable spoile where hee past Castillans defeated at Troncoso for which he smarted soone after beeing incountred and defeated by the Portugals nere to Troncoço On the other side the inhabitants of Algarbe following the new kings partie had seazed vpon the towne of Mertola and as they bettered the castle they were suddenly charged by them of Seuile and put to flight the leader was D. Aluar Perez of Guzman Gouernor of that city a yong Nobleman of 18. years of age and in a manner at the same instant the Castillans tooke a great quantitie of victuals and munition which they of Yelbes and Estremos kept in Ronchez The king of Castile resoluing to beseege Lisbon againe had prepared many vessels both for war and to carrie victuals the which came neere vnto Lisbon and kept the mouth of the riuer so as no man could go in or come out from Lisbone Exploits of the new king of Portugal All this did not daunt the new king of Portugal but hauing speedily assembled his forces he went to assaile Guimaranes the which was valiantly defended by Arias Gomes of Silua a Portugal who was affected to the king of Castile yet it was yeelded vppon a good composition after which he tooke the cittie of Braga pont de Liuan with other places and forts Whilest these things past in Portugal the king of Castile burning with desire to see himselfe king of this other Realme made great preparations and notwithstanding that his Councellors vppon his returne into Portugal were of diuers opinions yet he yeelded to those that perswaded him to enter wherefore leauing Donna Beatrix his wife at Auila he marched towards Portugall and layed seege to Cillorico de la vera where during his stay considering the doubtfull euents of warre especially against Rebels the vsurpers of Realmes who shew themselues alwaies violent hee made his will and sent it to the Arch-bishop of Toledo to keepe by the which hee ordayned many things the which shall be specified in the life of his sonne and successour Don Henry which bred much troble within the Realme for that hee gaue out whilest he liued and after the making of this will that he meant to alter many things and yet he made no other will whereof the chiefe witnesses were Don Pedro of Arragon sonne to D. Alphonso the first Constable of Castile and Marquis of Villena D. Iohn cap de Vaca Bishop of Coimbra Peter Gonçales of Mendoça Lord Steward of the kings house Diego Gomes Manrique great Gouernour of Castile Pedro Lopes of Ayala Standard-bearer of the Order of the Band with Tello Gonçales Palomeque and other men of marke The Castle of Cillorico was taken from whence the armie marched towards Coimbra burning all the villages thereabouts and so passing on by Leyra they came and camped at Soria whereas a messenger sent by Don Nugno Aluarez Pereira newly created Constable of Portugal came vnto the king intreating him in his masters name to auoyd the battell which should besoone presented vnto him and that it might be there would be meanes to come to some good accord if it were earnestly sought This was but the Constables pollicie to stay the king of Castile for that the king of Portugalls armies was not strong enough to encounter their enemies whereunto the king made a gracious answer The new king of Portugal was in Arbantes very pensiue seeing himselfe much inferiour to his enemie who besides the Castillans which were in great numbers had many Noblemen of Portugal in his
marauidis for the exactions and concussions done vppon his people and the kings money keeping them two moneths in the castle of Burgos vntill the full payment and execution of these things If he were moderate in this act of iustice Executions 〈◊〉 Seuile hee vsed greater rigour at Seuile where all was full of partialities proceeding from the diuisions and quarrels which his tutor had bred which the Magistrates and kings officers could not suppresse Being declared of full age he went thither and caused the Earle of Niebla Peter Ponce of Leon and other heads and chief authors of these seditions to be put in prison and hauing examined euery mans actions he banished some others he condemned in great fynes and losse of their offices and caused many to be hanged or lose their heads so as there were aboue a thousand persons intangled in these punishments and executions of iustice one of the chiefe ministers whereof was Doctor Iohn Alphonso of Toro to whom the gouernement of Seuile was giuen for matters of iustice and the more to countenance him the king stayed there many daies This king gaue many other testimonies of his loue to iustice he gaue audience to all sutors indifferently three dayes in the weeke he heard all the complaints of his subiects and prouided for them he could discerne of men of iudgement which were fit for councell and the gouernment of the commonwealth The most esteemed and of greatest authoritie about him were Don Pedro Tenorio Arch-bishop of Toledo Friar Iohn Henriques and Friar Fernando of Illesca with the Cardinall D. Pedro of Frias Bishop of Osma and these for the Clergie Elâ—etion of 〈◊〉 men to 〈◊〉 great aff â—â—res of Knights he made great esteeme of Don Laurence Suarez of Figueroa Master of Saint Iames Gonçales Nugnes of Guzman Master of Calatraua Diego Hurtado of Mendoça high Admirall of Castile Ruy Lopes of Aualos his Lord Chamberlaine and afterwards Constable Diego Lopes of Estuniga chiefe Iutice Peter Lopes of Ayala a knight of great learning who came to be Lord Chancelour Iohn Velasco a Chamberlaine and other knights of his Councell which consisted of sixteene graue personages Among others that were very deare vnto him there was a Doctor a Iew by sect borne at Burgos who afterwards imbraced the Christian Religion called Don Pablo who for his learning and good life Doctor Pablo a Iew learned and of a good life was in time chosen Bishop of Carthagena and in the end obtained the Bishopricke of Burgos He had many times oppugned the Christian Religion as a Iew Rabin and Master in the Iewish Law but hauing receiued in gift of a Christian Doctor the booke of Saint Thomas Aquinas intituled de Legibus he read it diligently and was so mooued with the reasons thereof as he left his Iewish religion the which is not strange say the Diuines of Spaine for he that knowes not Saint Thomas knoweth not any thing and he that knoweth him knowes all things This Prelate who was a great Preacher a great Philosopher wise and iudicious in matters of State and of the kings Councell wrate many bookes whereof some are yet extant Beeing a Iew he was married Doctor Pablos children all learned and had three soones all learned men whereof the one was Deane of Segobia and succeeded his father in the Bishoppricke of Burgos he was called Don Alphonso of Carthagena from whome we haue the genealogie of the kings of Castile written in Latine Don Gonçalo another sonne of D. Pablos was Bishop of Palença a Prelat of great learning and the third was Aluar Garcia of S. Maria a learned man also D. Pablo their father beeing of the King Don Henries Councell notwithstanding that he had bin a Iew did aduise him and his successors Counsel of a Iew against Iewes not to receiue into their seruice either of his housholds Councell or to any Offices of the Realm any Iew although he were conuerted and that for some speciall causes The King Don Henry being endowed with these good qualities beyond the Ordinary of young Princes had also some blemishes like other mortall men for hee was noted to be sparing and desirous to heape vp treasure and yet they say that it was without the oppression of his subiects the which is hard in a Prince yet hee gaue many prouisions and pensions to them that were neere to him in bloud or allyed to him by affinitie as to the Queene D. Beatrix his mother-in-law whome he maintained in the estate of a Queene and to Don Fernand his brother who shewed himselfe alwaies obedient to his will His countries beeing in peace he gaue himselfe to repaire and fortifie the fronter places and did build a new the castle of Carthagena As for religious buildings the church and conuent of the Carthusians at Burgos called Mirefleurs are his worke he was a great fauorer of the Franciscans to whome Queene Katherine his wife had a particular deuotion who was a Ladie of great pietie according to the instruction of that time bountifull maiesticall wife and discreet in her words yet superfluous in her manner of liuing and louing wine whereby in her latter dayes she fell into a palsey The Kings infirmities which began at the age of seuenteene yeares did in time so vndermine him being incurable as he became drie and leane so as the proportion of his body was changed and he seemed another man then formerly he had beene moreouer he was so sad and melancholicke as most commonly he was alone and would not admit of any company Yet he was alwaies carefull of the gouernement of the Realme He alwaies entertayned Ambassadours in Princes Courts as well Christians as Mahumetists by whom he was aduertised what was done in forraine countries their manners and manner of gouernements a thing most profitable for him that sends them Ambassadors discourer the councels and actions of Princes but not for them that receiue them for by Ambassadors which are resident the Councels and actions of Princes are discouered to the great preiudice of their estates Two of his Ambassadors sent into the East the which wee Pelayo of Soto maior and Fernando Pelasuel fell into the hands of Tamberlaine Emperor of the Tartarians after the defeate of Baiazet who intreated then graciously and sent them backe into Spaine with an Ambassador of his to demand friendship of king Henry During his raigne in the yeare 1397 the order to the Knights of the Calatraua in steed of a blacke hood which they had worne vntill that time Red crosse the marke of the Order of Calatraua tooke for their marke a red square crosse which they carry at this day the which was done by the Bull of Pope Benedict of Auignon at the instance of Don Gonçal Nugnes of Guzman maister of the Calatraua The realme of Castille being at peace with all men it was ingaged in new troubles by Don Iohn King of Portugall for that the Articles of the truce concluded
warre done by him and for that he did no lesse loue learning then armes Eight and twenty daies before the death of the King Don Fernand dyed Donna Leonora Queene of Nauar his Aunt hauing beene married to King Charles her husband foureteene yeares she was buried in the Cathedrall church at Pampelona There was great mourning and heauinesse in Castile at the newes of King Fernands death Castille whose obsequies Queene Katherine caused to be celebrated with a pompe worthy of such a Prince and afterwards by the aduice of the Nobility shee tooke vppon her the sole gouernement of the realme and the tutelage of King Iohn her sonne whome shee gaue in guard to Don Iohn of Velasco D. Diego of Estuniga and to D. Sancho of Rojas Archbishop of Toledo whereat the Constable D. Ruy Lopes of Aualos D. Pedro Manrique and D. Alphonso Henriques grew very iealous whereupon there grew quarrels and troubles after the accustomed manner during the minoritie of Kings The Queene and the Councell did prolong the truce with the King of Granado for two yeares In yere 1417. Truce with Granado sending Lewis Gonçal of Luna 1417. Secretary of the Kings chamber to Granado to that end By this treatie the king of Granado set an hundred prisoners at libertie whose ransomes would haue mounted to a great summe of money D. Iohn Rodrigue of Castagneda Lord of Fouente Duegna and D. Inigo Ortiz of Estuniga sonne to Diego Lopes being in quarrell and demanding the combate the Queene would not grant it them in Castile but commanded them to retire into Granado Combats sheld not be allowed among Christians where as king Ioseph would giue them the field These Knights were put into the field by the Moorish king but he presently forbad them to fight declaring that they were both good Knights and reconciling them together he sent them home honored with Iewels and rich presents This hee did at the intreaty of the Queene-mother of Castile who had writ earnestly vnto him shewing therin to haue a mild and Christian-like heart For these combats are proofes of mad men which should not be suffered in the place of iustice seeing thereby all controuersies how great soeuer may be compounded and ended The Emperour Sigismond grieuing for the death of the king of Arragon Pope Benedict condemned by the Councell after that he had laboured in vaine to reconcile the kings of France and England who were continually in warre he passed to Constance whereas the Councell in the two and thirtith Session delcared Benedict to be periured contumacious a rebell Schismaticke and Hereticke depriuing him of his papacie which he had held almost two and thirty yeares yet he played the Pope still in Pegniscola but the Princes of Christendome in generall yeelded to the Councell notwithstanding Benedicts exclamations that seeing it was called without his authoritie Councel condemned by Pope Benedict it was not lawfull The Cardinals which were at Constance being two and twenty with thirty Electors deputed by the Councell did chuse Othon Colonne a Romane Cardinall of the title of Saint George in Velabro and named him Martin the fifth Benedict although he were abandoned by the Princes yet he continued still in his purpose keeping some Prelates vnder his obedience among which were the Cardinals Tholousa Rasan S. Angelo S. Eustace S. George and Montarragon the Archb. of Tarragone and the Bishops of Barcelona Vic Elne Girone Huesca and Tarrassone with many Abbots and other Clergimen who held him for true and lawfull Pope This yeare Iohn of Betancourt a knight of France by gift from Queene Catherine conquered the Ilands of the Canaries Conquest of the Canaries by Iohn of Betancourt and intitled himselfe King He could not take the great Canarie for all the Inhabitants of the Iland had retired themselues thither wherefore finding too great resistance he retired himselfe hauing built a fort in that of Lancerot from whence he did trafficke and drew profit form the neighbor places of lether tallow slaues and other such commodities he being dead one Menault succeeded him in whose time Pope Martin instituted an Episcopall sea in those Ilands to the which there was a certaine Monke called Friar Mendo aduanced but this king Menault hauing no great regard when there was question of profit to the soules health of the Ilanders he sold them indifferently as well the Pagans as those which had receiued Baptisme whereof the new Bishop did complaine to Queene Katherine Menault the 2 King of the Canariâ—s sels the Ilands to them of Seuile requiring her to free them of that Lord whereupon she sent Peter Barna de Campos with three ships of warre with whom Menault hauing long contended in the end by the Queenes sufferance he sold these Ilands to a Knight of Seuile called Fernando Peres in whose hands and his successors of Seuile they haue remained vnto the time of the king D. Fernand the 5. and of the Queen D. Izabella D. Diego Lopes of Estuniga Iustice maior of Castile hauing long serued King Henry the 3. Family of Estuniga comes out of Nauarre and Iohn now raigning dyed this yeare His house came out of Nauarre and was of the bloud royall as some Authors haue left in writing The yeare 1418. Queene Catherine dyed suddenly An. 1418. being fifty yeares old she was buried at Toledo in the chappell of the last kings By her death King Iohn was freed from tutors and there was a Councell established with the which he should gouerne his Realmes whose letters and expeditions should be signed on the back-side by two of his Councellors This yeare there came ambassadors to him from France to demand ayde against the English to whom they gaue hope of an army at Sea The king of Portugal did also send to confirm a perpetuall peace betwixt Castile and Portugall but there was nothing concluded at that time The English proclaimed warre against Castile whereupon the truce with Granado was prolonged for two yeares King Iohn beeing at Medina del campo was betrothed to D. Maria of Arragon his cousin daughter to the deceased king D. Fernand then hee held a Parlament when for his new accord of marriage they granted him a great subuention The same yeare mention is made of the death of Friar Vincent Ferrier of Valencia afterwards canonized a Saint by Pope Calixtus who was also of Valencia Hee that most gouerned the king at that time entring into his maioritie was Don Sancho of Rojas Arch-bishop of Toledo whereat they did murmure from which time the Estate of Castile was very turbulent The Guipuscoans and Biscayens fell to theeuing at sea without any subiect of warre euen vppon the coast of Brittany whereof D. Iohn then liuing complayned much by his ambassadours to the King of Castile who desirous to liue in peace with Christian Princes sent Fernando Peres of Ayala Gouernour of Guipuscoa to bee an arbitrator Hee with another chosen by the Duke of
the sport was so dangerous as the King was forced to forbid it for Pedro Porto Carrero a Knight of Torry and Iohn of Salezar lost their liues and others were sore hurt in these incounters This royall feast which had continued many daies being ended the Princes and Noblemen of the court being disperced the Prince D. Henry was conducted to Segobia by D. Iohn de Pacheco his great mignon who through a courtears Ingratitude fortefied the King of Nauarres party and that of the Noblemen confederated to ruine the constable by whom hee had beene aduanced working so as the Prince his maister ioyned with them who reuiuing their old quarrels sent to beseech the King that without any more delay he would cause the constables processe to be made degrading him of the honour and dignity which he held and of the gouernment of the realme The King was much troubled to see new seditions which he thought had beene supprest and wonderfully incensed against his sonne would not make any direct answere to this demaund besides he had still some of his councell which defended the constables cause wherefore in the yeere 1441. the troubles began more violent then before Mary Queene of Castile sister to the King of Nauarre tooke then his part which she had not done before The Infant D. Henry brother to the King of Nauarre being after the marriage returned to Toledo hee fortefied himselfe there and receiued Pero Lopes of Ayala contrary to the Kings commandment where contynuing in his accustomed rebellions he staied the Ambassadors which the King had sent vnto him to perswade him to take a better course yea the King being in person to Saint Lazaro without the walles of the city vpon the way to Madrid onely with thirty horses of his houshold and traine the Infant sallied forth and presented himselfe in battaile vsing threats and proud speeches so as the King was forced to returne speedely There was in his company D. Roderigo of Villandrado Earle of Ribadeo Preuiledges of the Earles of Ribadeo who in this voiage obtained a goodly preuiledge for him and his family which was that the roabe which the Kings of Castile put on the first day of the new yeere should belong to him and that hee should that day eate at the Kings table leauing this preuiledge to his posterity in the King of Castiles court As soone as the King came to Torijos from Saint Lazaro he beganne to proceed against the Infant D. Henry for the detention of his Ambassadors and so he retired to Auila The constable and his brother D. Iohn of Crezuela Archbishop of Toledo against whom all this warre was intended sent to beseech the King to send some of his councell vnto them to the end their might be some order taken for so many incoueniences the which being done they concluded that the King should send vnto the confederate Lords to aduise them to obserue the accord made at Bonille de la Serra and the more to ease the country they should dismisse their souldiars That to determine all quarrels betwixt them and the constable they should choose Iudges who should examine where the fault was and should appoint punishment for them that were found coulpable and that if they thought it fit there should be a generall assembly of the Estates called to that end The Kings offred all these things to the confederats who were for the most part in Areualo but they answered that there was no meanes of pacification if the constable who was newly come to Auila did not dislodge from court The King hearing this answere sought to retire his sonne D. Henry who being councelled by the King of Nauarre and the Queenes of Castile and Nauarre went to Auila where he protested to the King his father that he desired nothing more then to mediate a good peace where after some small stay he returned to Segobia promising that from thence he would write vnto the Queenes touching their meeting at Santa Maria de Nieua there to treat with them of the meanes of an accord In the meane time the King receiued letters from Diego de Valera a wise Knight and of great experience who had seene and frequented the courts of forraine Princes seeking according to the custome of Noblemen of that age honour by armes D. Diego of Valâ—ra giues good aduice vnto the king at Tournaies and combats beginning for pleasure and ending many times with death or some other misfortune yet he had alwaies beene fortunate and had wonne much honour and reputation both in Spaine and else where These letters contained many graue admonitions and proffitable councell both for the King and his Estate Being read in open councell D. Guttiere Gomes of Toledo Archbishop of Toledo without any great consideration stept forward to answere for all the rest Bid D. Diego said he send vs men and money for wee haue not any need of councell The King to gratefie the Prince his sonne gaue vnto him the towne of Guadalajara the which by this meanes he thought to wrest out of the hands of D. Inigo Lopes of Mendoça Lord of Hita and Buytrago but they made resistance in the taking of possession This hapened at such time as he came to visit the King at Auila or a little before The Queenes and the Prince according vnto that which had beene promised to the King his father met together at Santa Maria de Nieua where D. Iohn de Pacheco was also present they conferred long together about the pacification of the troubles without any great conclusion From thence there was sent vnto Auila Alphonso Telles Giron Lord of Beaumont father to Iohn Pacheco and Doctor Valdenebro a prior that to make matters more easie he should approach to Areualo wherevnto the King would not yeeld wherein hee was ill councelled by some who feared they should loose their credit and authority by the accords which might be made there Matters beeing broken off the confederats sent the Admirall Don Frederike the Earle of Benauent Don Pedro of Quignones and Roderigo Manriques with good numbers of men beyonde the mountaines into the Countrie of Toledo who ranne as farre as Escalona and presented battaile vnto the constable and to the Archbishop his brother who came from Illesca to ioyne with him when as their enemies were retired these Lords of the league returned to Toledo without any blowes whether came some men of authoritie from the King to stay them from fighting At that time the Infant Don Henry at the Earle of Benauents and the Admirals request deliuered the Ambassadors but he did not forbeare to spoile the Constables and the Archbishops countries putting all to fire and sword The Archbishop abandoned Illesca in the night going towards Madrid whereof the Infant Don Henry beeing aduertised he followed him with all speed and hauing onely ouer-taken and spoiled his baggage hee returned and seazed vpon Illesca The Archbishop saued himselfe in Madrid where hee was receiued by the Kings
against the Moores had great need of their helpe and Councell Expedition into Affricke against the citty of Tanger hee had conducted a great army into Affricke against the citty of Tanger beeing followed by all the Nobility of Portugall namely by his brother the Infant Don Fernand Duke of Viseo his brother-in-law Don Pedro the third Constable of Portugall sonne to the Infant Don Pedro Duke of Coimbra aboue-mentioned D. Edward de Meneses Earle of Viana Don Gonçal Coutin the first Earle of Marialua the Earle of Villa-reall and other great Lords but Don Pedro the third Constable of Portugall was at that time sollicited by the Cattelans to name himselfe King of Arragon for the reasons heretofore declared who consented thereunto and went with the Ambassadors of Cattalonia to the cittie of Barcelona where he was proclaymed King of Arragon and Earle of Barcelona vnto whom the Estates were sworne but hee had to deale with a boysterous aduersarie passing ouer his dayes in difficult warres and finishing them by poyson as it was thought as shall be hereafter more at large declared After the departure of the Constable Don Pedro the King Don Alphonso came to Gibraltar and in his absence his people receiued an ouerthrow as they went about to scale the towne of Tanger where diuers men of worth were slaine and taken Among the prisoners were the Earle of Marialua and Gomes Freyra who were afterward redeemed for great ransomes After his returne from Gibraltar into Affricke hee entred in person into Benaca a mountainous and woddie countrie from whence hee was constrayned to retire to his great losse where he left behind him D. Edward de Meneses Earle of Viana who to saue the kings life being in great danger lost his own The Earle of Villa-reall did at that time by his valour saue the army fighting brauely in the rere-ward defending it against an infinite multitude of Moores King Alphonsos misfortunes in his expedition into Affricke insomuch as the king beeing desirous to acknowledge his prowesse did publikely prayse him and gaue him the honor of beeing the shield and defender of the faith the same day or to speake more properly Gods instrument for the deliuerie and helpe of the Portugals These aduerse fortunes caused King Alphonso to returne into Portugall with small honor where he applyed himselfe to vowes and pilgrimages thinking hereby to appease the Saints patrons and conductors as he thought of his vnhappie and disastrous enterprises King Henry of Castile at his departure from Gibraltar Castille came to Eccia where he gathered together all the cauallerie of the garrisons and countries neere about ioyning them to his great armie which he commonly carried about with him wherewith he entred into the territories of Granado where the Ambassadours of king Ismael the Moore met with him and presented vnto him the tribute with sundrie other gifts so that he passed on no further but dismissed his forces and came to Iaen whose Gouernor was the Constable Don Michael Lucas d' Irançu At Iaen remayned Don Pedro Giron Master of Calatraua who beeing desirous to offend the Earle of Ledesma and to set him at variance with the Constable Don Michel Lucas he told the King that he heard say that he meant to bestow the Mastership of S. Iames which the Infant Don Alphonso held onely in name vppon the Earle of Ledesma and thereuppon shewed him diuers reasons to perswade him to giue that dignitie rather to the Constable who was a valiant Knight and one greatly affected to his seruice but the King seemed to giue no eare to his speech knowing very well whereunto it tended Don Pedro perceiued by many other reasons that he was not very welcome to the King who as he supposed did suspect him to bee of the league with the Marquis of Villena his brother and the Arch-bishop of Toledo wherefore he returned thence and then began they to treate of great leagues and confederacies Prodigious winds and other tokens of future calamities to the preiudice of the estate of Castile presaged by great tempests of wind which at Seuile did ouerthrow a great quantitie of the citty walls and did blow away a great bell out of the Church of S. Augustine aboue a bowes shot from the place where it did hang tooke vp into the ayre a payre of Oxen yoaked together at the plough and plucked vppe by the rootes diuers sorts of trees scattering them here and there in very fearefull manner In the ayre was seene the proportion of armed men fighting and three Eagles striuing together with great furie fell downe dead to the ground Matters standing in these tearmes the King returned to Madrid where he continued still carelesse of that which concerned the good of the Realme there was no audience nor admittance for petitioners nor any administration of iustice he permitted his porters and those of his guard to offer indignities to such as he did not loue and to those that did sue vnto him and he would winke at them when as many times they would shut the gates against the Arch-bishoppe and the Marquis of Villena who were oftentimes sent from thence with many iniurious speeches These things with other of greater importance would he giue ayme to so as he willingly made a readie way to the greatest miseries and calamities that could be imagined And hearing that the king Don Alphonso of Portugall was entred into Castile to visit Enterview of the kings of Castile and Portugall at Guadalupa for deuotion-sake the Monasterie of Guadalupa he departed from Madrid with the Queene his wife and the Infants his brother and sister and went to meet him at a place called the Arch-bishoppes bridge not making the Marquis of Villena nor the Archâ—bishop of Toledo acquainted with any thing to bee treated of in that enterview There were newly strengthened and confirmed the auncient leagues and allyances betweene the two kingdomes by the agreement of future marriages with the king Don Alphonso who was a widdower and Donna Izabella sister to the king of Castile and betweene the Infant Don Iohn of Portugall eldest sonne and heire to that Crowne of the age of eight yeares and the Queene of Castiles daughter who was tearmed the Princesse Ioane These things promised and agreed vppon the king of Portugall returned to Guadalupa to finish and performe his vow and from thence into his owne countrey In the meane time the Arch-bishop and the Marquis beeing forewarned by the tokens of disgrace which they well perceyued and by their own consciences absented themselues from the Court fearing to bee taken and punished and with drew themselues to Alcala of Henares where they sollicited their friends and strengthened their league into the which by the meanes of the Arch-bishop entred very secretly the Admirall Don Fredericke the Earle of Benauent Don Alphonso Pimentell sonne-in-law to the Marquis Don Roderigo Manrique Earle of Paredes Don Inigo Manrique Bishop of Coria with all his breethren on
of Saint Iames who remained at Santa Cruz de la Sierra delt in such sort as captaine Gratian of Sese deliuered him the fort of Trugillo being recompenced with the Lordship of Saint Helice de los Gallegos where shortly after he was cruelly murthered and stoned to death by his owne tenants About the same time the Maister of Saint Iames D. Iohn de Pacheco fell sicke of an Impostume in his throate which caused him to voide great quantity of putrified bloud at his mouth which in the end strangled him Death of D. Iohn de 〈◊〉 Maister of Sainâ— Iames. he died in the threescore and fourth yeere of his age hauing more credit and authority in Spaine then any Lord in his time his death was kept secret by his seruants vntill the fort of Trugillo was yeelded vp which was forthwith done and then it was openly declared to all men his body was carried to Parrall neere Segobia a Monastery of Saint Ierosme founded by King Henry then reigning for his place of buriall and the Maister was buried in the chiefe chappell with great pompe and sollemnity Great was the Kings sorrow for the Maisters death to whose sonne and heire Don Diego Lopes de Pacheco Marquis of Villena he did not only confirme the guifts of the townes cities and castles granted to his father but bestowed likewise vpon him the Maistership of Saint Iames and sent a messenger to the Pope to obtaine the confirmation thereof not respecting the Knights of the same Order who began to murmur and strongly to oppose themselues against it and they did not onely bandy themselues against the Marquis of Villena who was not chosen according to the rules of the Order but they likewise fell at variance amongst themselues for D. Roderigo Manrique Earle of Paredes Commander of Segura said that the election of the new Maister ought to be made in the Couent of Vcles according to the ancient custome On the other side D. Alphonso de Cardegna great Commander of Leon affirmed that it stood with great reason that the election should be made in Saint Marks of Leon in regard the deceased Maister died in the confines of Leon wherefore each of them standing firme in their allegations and hauing their factions and 〈◊〉 those two were chosen and saluted for Maisters in such sort as the Order of Saint Iames had at that time three heads like vnto Câ—rberâ—s the three headed â—ogge 〈◊〉 The Marquis of Villena besides the Kings fauour did hope that the Earle of 〈…〉 Commander of Castile would take his part and because he had the keeping of Donna 〈◊〉 the Kings supposed daughter it made the King more bound vnto him and in 〈◊〉 deed by reason thereof the King did groatly aduance him the which gained diuers seruants to the Princesse Donna Isabella who were iealous to see his sonne who had done them so much mischiefe in so great credit and authority The Cardinall of Spaine hauing beene a certaine time at Segobia with the Princesse came backe to Madrid to the King with the Constable Don Pedro 〈◊〉 Velafco who ioyntly spake to the King with the great boldnesse â—ouching the succession of the Kingdome beseeching him to take in good part that which they should say vnto him vpon their consciences King Henry takes no care for the succâ—ssion of his Kingdome which was that he ought to maintaine the Princesse Isabels right because he knew better then any that this Donna Ioane was not his daughter and they requested him in the name of God not to be the cause of so great miseries which would oppresse his Kingdome after his decease if hee should dissemble in that behalfe but to speake the truth for his peoples sake in declaring his sister the Princesse his true and lawfull heire wherevnto the King without any trouble made answere that Order should be taken for them both neuerthelesse hee delaied all hee could from medling in that businesse In the meane space the Marquis of Villena who promised to him selfe the Maister-ship of Saint Iames thinking to practize with the Knights of Castile and chiefly with the Earle of Osorno the great Commander came to Villarejo in which place the enterview of him and the Earle was agreed vpon The Maâ—quiâ— of Villenâ— taken prisoner by his competitor but the Earle feigning himselfe sicke sent thither his wife well accompanied with men at armes by whom the Marquis at his lighting from his horse was seized vpon and carried away prisoner into the castle of Fuente Duegna The King being aduertized hereof did presently take horse notwithstanding he was very sicke and came to the Earle of Osorno who shewed himselfe sterne and obstinate without respect or reuerence wherefore the King returned highly displeased to Madrid By the way he met with the Archbishop of Toledo at Villa Verde who offered him his seruice and therevpon to please him hee beseeged out of hand the castle of Fuente Duegna whether the King likewise came in person The seege lasting long Lopes Vasques de Acugna brother to the Archbishop making shew of ending this strife as a friend found meanes to bring the Countesse of Osorno to a parley who comming abroade with a sonne of hers was deceiued in the same manner as she had beguiled the Marquis and the mother and the sonne were brought prisoners into the castle of Hueta This pollicy did highly please the King and the Archbishop The Countesse of Osorno and her sonne taken the Marquis of Vâ—llena set at 〈◊〉 and was the cause that the Marquis was deliuered the Cardinall and the Constable made an end of the matter and the prisoners were set at liberty on either side the Archbishop of Toledo returned to Alcala and the King beeing much afflicted and weake to Madrid where Catarres vomitings and other mortall accidents brought him to his last houre The physitions hauing told the Cardinall of Spaine the Constable the Marquis of Villena the Earle of Benauent and other Lords of his Councel there present that his sicknesse was mortall they caused Frier Peter Maçuelo prior of Saint Ierosme of Madrid his confessor to put him in minde of matters belonging to his soules health and the peace of his Kingdome Hee had long discourse with the prior in confession then hee made his will appointing the Cardinall the Duke de Areualo the Marquis of Villena and the Earle of Benauent for his executors and hee commaunded that his seruants should bee paide and well recompenced with his treasure and iewells and declared Donna Ioane to bee his lawfull daughter and true heire to his Kingdomes the which will was written by Iohn de Ouiedo one of his secretaries neuerthelesse diuers authors affirme that he made no will and say that as he was in the agony of death those that were present asked him whom he would declare to be his heire to whom hee made none other answere but that Iohn Gonçall his Chaplaine knew his minde therein vnto whom he
the kingdomes of Castile in which space it was beseeged by the Duke sent thither with certaine companies by the Queene This same yeare King Ferdinand and Queene Isabell their affaires prospering did celebrate and keepe the assembly of the estates at Madrigall where Donna Isabell there onely daughter at that time was sworne vnto and acknowledged after the antient accustomed manner of Spaine Princesse of the Astiuria's and eldest lawfull heire to the Kingdomes of Castile and Leon and the dependances thereof in case no male child were borne vnto them And in regard of the great zeale and affection they did beare to iustice which had greate neede of their aide and assistance the whole state of Spaine being so disordered and full of confusion as they which were strongest In what cases the prouosts of Castle may giue iudgement would without any feare of punishment exercise infinite kinds of cruelties vpon the weaker sort it was decreed for the preuenting thereof to renew and authorise the brother-hoods and companies of the communalties To the prouosts and iudiciall seates whereof authority should be giuen to giue iudgement in fiue cases that is to say for murther inforced theft or those which should be hurt in the country or places farre from any dwelling Secondly they might iudge the selfe same crimes committed in the townes and villages in case the offender should flie away Thirdly the breaking open of doores and walles scaling and burning of houses Fourthly the rape and violence offered to women or maides of what age or condition soeuer And fiftly for rebelling against the Ministers of iustice executing their charge which brother-hoods should haue their prouosts and iudges in the townes and their Ministers in all places of their iurisdiction and whereas any controuersie should arise betwixt the ordinary Iudges and those prouosts vpon the enquiry and knowledge of offences such differences should be iudged by the Kings Councell Don Lope de Ribas Bishop of Carthagena was chosen chiefe president of all those brotherhoods and it was decreed that an imposition should bee laide vpon the people for the entertainement of the souldiars and officers of these Iudges euery twentith house to finde one horseman so as by that meanes a power of two thousand horse was leauied to assist the Iudges and to purge and clense the country from theeues and robbers Of whom Don Alphonso of Arragon Duke of Villahermosa the Kings brother was captaine generall These things beeing thus ordered did neuerthelesse displease sundry of the great Lords of Spaine but the Constable was well pleased therewith who was the first that commanded his owne tennants to contribute towards the payment of these companies whose example diuers other great Lords did follow afterward Now the King of Portugall had furnished Toro Cantalapiedra and Castro Nugno with good and strong garrisons which did greatly molest all the country there abouts especially that of Cantalapiedra where Alphonso Peres de Biuero was gouernour who made continuall courses vpon the territory of Medina Salamanca and other places which to remedy King Fernand resolued to beseege it and sent thither the Duke of Villahermosa his brother and Don Pedro Manrique Earle of Treuigno with Artillery to batter it The seege being planted and the Canon playing on either side the beseeged who found themselues shut in demaunded aide of King Alphonso who did forrage and ouer runne the territory of Salamanca thinking by that meanes both to diuert the army from before Cantalapiedra and to succour the beseeged but it fell not out according to his desseigne for the Earle of Treuigno marched against the forragers and did beate them backe and yet the beseeged in Cantalapiedra were still as much distressed as before It was treated concerning the exchange of prisoners wherefore the Earle of Benauent was freed from his oth which hee made not to beare armes for King Fernand in that warre and so the Earle of Pegnamaçor was deliuered forth of prison the seege raised from before Cantalapiedra and the Licentiate Antonio Nugnes of Ciudad Rodrigo was restored to his goods and the garrisons of that place were not to beare armes for a yeere afterward The King and Queene gaue to the Earle of Benauent foure millions of Marauedis towards the charges hee had beene at and confirmed his former guift of the city of Corunna or the Groine but the Inhabitants taking armes did resist him intending to maintaine themselues vnder the demaines of the crowne without acknowledging any subalterne Lord and draue those forth of the castle which held it for the Earl The same time king Fernand was sent for into Arragon by King Iohn his father whither he did make a short iourney because his wars in Castile but especially in Guipuscoa concerned him very nerely he made a quick returne to victoria for the Frenchmen remained still in that Prouince burning the country to driue whom away the King and Queene raised an army of fity thousand men the most part of them being footmen out of the Prouinces of Guipuscoa Alaua Biscay Asturia and from other places on the confines of Burgos Vpon the report of this great preparation the French men retired to Bayonne with intent and threatning to returne againe the spring following At the same time Nauarre the faction of Beaumont and Grammont in the Kingdome of Nauarre were at as deadly warre as euer Lewis of Beaumont coueâ—s the Realme of Nauarre and the quarrell betwixt Don Lewis of Beaumont Earle of Lerin and Pedro of Peralta the Constable was pursued with all rigour and extremity the Earle of Lerin beganne to treat with King Fernand to make him King of Nauarre and to deliuer into his hands the city of Pampelona with other fortresses of the fame country sending certaine Knights of Nauarre vnto him to victoria to offer him his seruice with all that hee did possesse the King did curteously entertaine those Knightes thanked both the Earle and them for their offers and good will but concerning the rest hee said that hee would not lay claime to anothers right for the Realme of Nauare did in right belong to his sister the Princesse Leonora and after her decease to her Sonnes Sonne Francis Phoebus Earle of Foix and Lord of Bearne and withall because King Iohn his father did enioy the toyall authority thereof during his life therefore to enterprise any thing against the right of those persons vnto whome hee did owe so much honour and respect it would not onely be a sinne but impiety and sacriledge so as by no meanes hee would harken therevnto saying moreouer that hee was much greeued to see the inueterate hatred betwixt the Earle and the Constable and that hee would willingly take the paines to make them friends thinking it an office worthy of him King Ferdinand meditates a peace betwixt the factions of Beaument and Gramont to procure the peace and quiet of that Kingdome which was ruined by the confusions of the ciuill warres
communicated his desseigne with the Lord of Palmas they went foorth on a night beeing accompanied by the troupes of Xeres and hidde themselues in couert places neere the towne whither they sent tenne men who in great silence lodged themselues at the foote of the wall towards the Castle these were seconded by three-score and tenne other souldiers At the breake of day the Marquis sent certaine light horse to runne about â—he towne against whome three-score and ten Moorish horse-men came foorth and with them also the Sentinels and Guard leauing their places to skirmish then the ten men did set vp ladders against the Castle and beganne to make a shew as if they would haue skaled the walles to the defence whereof as many as stayed within came running in the meane space the three-score and tenne souldiers which were hidden did seize vpon one of the gates besides that those which were come forth against the Christian light-horsmen perceiuing themselues to be charged by others who came to their ayde turned their backes and fled towards the towne and were so narrowly pursued as they all entred pel mel together and beeing in this sort surprized on euery side they lost the town The castle would haue made resistance if it had beene well victualled but for want thereof they yeelded compounding for their liues The Earle of Tendilla who kept Alhama would not suffer the Moores his neighbors to rest but he oftentimes annoyed them so as he was feared like lightning ouer all the Countrey The winter this yeare was very rainie by meanes whereof a great part of the wall of Alhama fell to the ground making a large breach for the enemies if they had then assayled it where at the soldiers which were within were greatly amazed and thought vppon nothing but â—light but the courage and valour of the Captaine which is euer of much woorth contayned them in their duties who delt in such sort by hanging of painted cloathes against the breach with such art and cunning as the enemies neuer knew that the wall was fallen downe till it was made vp againe stronger then before The Earle Don Inigo true sonne to the Marquis of Santillana caused the tower of Alcala la reale to bee repayred on the toppe whereof euery night a burning lampe was set which serued to direct the poore slaues that fled from Granado His souldiers beeing disobedient for want of pay money beeing very dangerous to bee sent vnto them without the conuoy of an armie the Earle inuented a certaine kind of counterfeit money Counterfeit money and of diuers stampes the which hee named and prized according to the coynes of gold and siluer which were currant in Spayne and with the same hee payed his souldiers promising them to change all that false money into good according to the value of euery coyne and by this meanes hee did appease them Whilest these matters fell out in Andalusia King Fernand and Queene Izabella were in great doubt to bee disturbed on that side of Nauarre by the French Nauarre it may bee that this suspition came from their owne consciences touched with their sinister proceedings with the Earle of Lerin and with the treaties of marriage of these poore Princes of Nauarre and matters happened vppon those occasions Now Queene Catherine who was newly come to the Crowne of Nauarre besides her beeing wholly at the deuotion of France and vppon the poynt of her marriage with Iohn d'Albret sonne to the Earle Alaine King Lewis his death happened a little before which had openly troubled and hindred the allyance betwixt these two great kingdomes of France and Spayne for Ambassadours beeing sent from one to another as well for to make the accustomed condolements and consolations ordinarie at such accidents as for to treate of the allyances and moreouer about the restitution of the Earldome of Rossillon which the French held the Ambassadours of Spayne receyued no pleasing answer from the young King Charles the eighth who succeeded King Lewis his father nor from his tutors and councellors so as they made the protestations and declarations which Princes vsually do make when they are vppon the point of making warre one against another therefore Queene Izabella had furnished the frontier of Castile ioyning to Nauarre with strong garrisons and sent forces to Tudela a towne in Nauarre which held their partie vnder the conduct of Iohn de Ribera After the death of King Francis Phoebus his mother the Princesse fearing and not with out cause the reuolt of that nation which was an enemie to rest and quiet had sent thither the Cardinall of Foix and the Lord of Abenas brother to the Lord of Albret who did call a Parlament to receyue a new oath of fidelitie for Queene Catherine and commaunded them moreouer to receiue the sayd Lord of Abenas for Viceroy notwithstanding that the Constable Earle Lewis of Beaumont did resolutely oppose himselfe against it hauing secret intelligence with his brother-in-law King Fernand for the same purpose The Lord of Abenas was a graue Don Lewis of Beaumont wholy affectionate to the Kings of Castile wise and modest Knight who by these qualities and vertues had well gouerned the Realme of Nauarre and maintained it in peace and quiet vntill such time as Queene Katherine hauing married his Nephew Iohn d'Albret came her selfe in person to rule and gouerne the same The Constable in the meane time who held the Cittie of Pampelona vnder his power and many other places besides did rayse troubles and brought the Castillan men at armes into the Kingdome vnder colour of the Factions of Beaumont and Grammont during all these actions they still poursued the marriage so that after King Lewis his death the Princesse Magdalen beeing continually sollicited to marrie her daughter Queene Katherine to Prince Iohn of Castile shee was aduised to make a finall answer and to say that the inequalitie of their yeares would not permit it to be done in regard her daughter was marriageable and the Prince a little child in his cradle and that in the meane time before hee should come to age there might bee great troubles and combustions in the Realme of Nauarre which stoode in need of men to gouerne it and to suppresse the vsuall contentions and quarrels which those people did naturally entertaine and that without this let her selfe and her daughter would thinke themselues happie in so great an allyance for they esteemed no match in the world like to that of Prince Iohn who was presumptiue heire to so many rich and mightie Kingdomes All this notwithstanding Queene Isabella perswading her selfe to effect this marriage in despite of all these hinderances tarried still at Victoria the most part of this yeare 1484. at which time as hath beene sayd shee sent Don Iohn de Ribera with forces into Nauarre who hauing intelligence with the Earle of Lerin tooke Viana the Castle of Saint Gregorie that of Irureta and others which disorders the Viceroy sought to
Castile at the same time vnder color of defending and vpholding the Constable D. Lewis of Beaumont Earle of Lerin and who had taken certaine townes he delt in such sort Castillans spoile the Realme of Nauarr. as he perswaded him to go with him to Valencia to king Fernand where being arriued the Lord of Albret beeing welcomed and kindly entreated did beseech the King to accept of the desire he had to do him seruice in stead of the effect for so much as he was a poore Knight vniustly expelled from his countrie by the French King who was mooued against him Amand of Albret 〈◊〉 the K of Castile to war vpon K. Charles the eight and Iohn of Albret his sonne whose person with his kingdome of Nauarre hee came to offer vnto him requesting him to receiue them into his protection and also that he had commission to make the like request for the Dukes Francis of Brittaine and Lewis of Orleance poursued and afflicted by the same King Charles each of whom promised him seruice and ayde for the recouerie of his Earledome of Rossillon and in all other occasions King Fernand sauoues Amand of Alâ—ret against King Charles The Lord of Albrets speech was fauourably and attentiuely heard by King Fernand who graunted all that which hee demaunded in the behalf of the king his son commanding Iohn de Ribera to restore to him or his Lieutenants Viana with all the rest of the places which he held in the Realme of Nauar. And did moreouer giue order for the rigging forth of an army by sea in Guipuscoa and Biscay against the French King for the aide of the aboue-named Princes who had likewise sollicited Henry the seuenth King of England to take their part who inclined thereunto so as a great number of Spanish shippes did lye vppon the coasts of Brittaine whose Admirall was Monsieur Gralla with whom Alain of Albret returned and an armie out of England was likewise sent conducted by the Lord Scales to the hurt of the French-men who by meanes of a victorie obtained by K. Charles or his Lieutenants K. Charles his victorie at S. Aubin at S. Aubin did deliuer themselues from all danger the D. of Orleance and Monsieur Gralla being taken prisoners the Lord of Albret escaped and the D. of Brittaine died for griefe of mind leauing two daughters Anne the eldest albeit that she was promised to Maximilian King of the Romains who was of the D. of Orleance faction was won by King Charles to be his wife who was desirous by such a marriage to vnite the Dutchie of Brittaine to his Crowne And because he was betrothed to Margueritâ— of Austria daughter to the king of the Romaines who beeing very young was brought vp in France in hope of the future marriage he sent her home againe and she was afterwards married to Prince Iohn of Castile The Bretons euer hating the French gouernment The Britons oppose themselues against the French King keeping their Princesse in the Castle of Nantes made new practises with the Kings of Castile and England and obtained great ayde from both of them Don Diego Peres Sarmjento Earle of Salinas beeing Generall of the Spanish Armie on the coast of Brittaine with Don Pero Carillo de Albornos and other renowned Captaines hauing two hundred men at armes and great numbers of footmen Crosbowes Pikes and Harquebuziers who were called in those dayes Espingardiers King Charles in the meane time came with a mighty Armie and besieged Nantes and by intelligence with some hee obtained the Citty Castle and the Dutchesse whom hee married in the yeare 1489. and made her French Queene making himselfe Maister of her inheritance in despight of the Britons This faire and gratious Princesse Anne was daughter to Dutchesse Marguerite and grand-child to Queene Leonar of Nauarre as hath beene already said and coosin germaine to Queene Catherine of Nauarre of whom we now treate Wee will now returne to the Kings of Castile Castile After the assembly of the states of the Realme of Valencia at Orihuela where diuerse ancient customes were reformed and many notable orders receiued and established they came to Murcia with an intent to warre vpon the Moores from that part There did Don Frederick de Toledo Captaine of the Kings guards Death of Don Garcy Aluares and of D Aluarode Estuniga aske leaue to visit Don Garcy Aluares de Toledo his father who lay deadly sick in wose dignities to wit the Dutchie of Alua the Marquisat of Coria and Earledome of Barco his sonne succeeded him This yeare likewise dyed Don Aluaro d' Estuniga Duke of Playsance leauing his sonne of the same name successor in his Dutchie The Bishop of Astorga likewise dyed in whose place Bernardin de Caruajall was substituted who was afterward Cardinall of the Sea of Rome of the title of the holy Crosse. The companies from all parts of the kingdome made their Rendez-vous at Lorca whether King Ferdinand marched hauing in his company the Duke of Albuquerque the Marquis of Cales the Earles of Lemos Saint Steeuens Castro Cabra Montagu Buendia and Don Henry Henriques the great Maister Don Pero Lopes de Padilla Captaine of the frontiers of Castile Don Iohn Chacon Captaine of the frontier of Murcia and others The Army beeing ready to march the Marquis of Cales and the Captaine of the frontier of Murcia leading the foreward marched against the Cittie of Vera the inhabitants whereof who were Moores beeing assured that they came towards them Vera yeelded by composition would not fall into the like mischiefe as those of Malaga wherefore they sent out before to the Marquis offering to yeeld their Citty to King Ferdinand if hee were there in person wherefore the King made hast and the Citty submitted vnto him on condition that their liues liberties and goods might bee saued with promise to liue in their religion in the next townes or else where they should thinke good Garcy Laso de la Vega Maister of the Kings Hall was made Gouernor of Vera. Diuers others strong townes and castles on those marches beeing mooued by the reports of the Kings clemency and fearing likewise their great power sent their Alfaquins or wise Councellors and deputies Places yeelded to the King and Queene of Castile to offer them obedience and tribute as they were accustomed to pay to the Moore Kings and namely the two Velez the white and the redde Muxicar Cueuas Telefique Huescar and Porchena Tabara Alborca Serena Torilla Monjacar Tabernas and Benamaruel the inhabitants of which places and diuers others made themselues Mudejares or vassals to king Ferdinand and Queene Isabell keeping their ceremonies and sect The Armie after this marched towards Almerie the which towne was then onely lookt vpon by certaine light skirmishes with the Moores of the garrison then part of the army marched on forward within the view of Baça where King Muley Boabdelin was then in person who came forth with certaine troopes of
Galleys and other ships with fiue thousand Spanish footmen and sixe hundred horse vnder the conduct of Gonçalo Hernandes of Cordoua the which forces departing from Carthagena arriued safely in the Porte of Messina this yeare one thousand foure hundred ninety and fiue making a shew as if they would haue succoured the new King Ferdinand driuen from Naples These troopes of Spaniards among other memorable matters brought the great Pockes into Italy The Great Pocks in Italy wherewith they of the countrey were soone possessed and did communicate it to the French men which were scattered heere and there in the kingdome of Naples and they afterward brought it on this side the Mounts and did distribute it to their neighbour nations so as this disease beeing indeed of India was called the Spanish Neapolitan and French disease according to the next subiect where it was discouered and from whence the contagion was perceiued to come About the same time in the Citty of Guadalajara dyed Don Pero Gonçales de Mendoza Cardinall Death of the Cardinall Don Pero Gonsall de Mendosa and Primat of Spaine and Gotike France Archbishop of Toledo Patriarke of Alexandria and Bishop of Siguença such were his titles who beeing visited in his sicknesse by the Kings and being demanded whom hee thought worthy to succeed him in the Archbishoprick of Toledo hee named Frier Francis Ximenes of Cisneros the Queenes Confessor Prouinciall of the order of Saint Francis in the Prouince of Toledo This Cardinall had a singular affection to holy Crosse who besides that it was his hap to haue the holy Crosse in Ierusalem for the title of his Cardinalship hee builded a Colledge at Valiodolit and an hospitall at Toledo neere the place of Codebecer called Holy Crosse Pilats original title set on the crosse of our Sauiour kept for a relicâ— in Rome hee re-edified the Church of Santa Cruz at Rome where they say the originall title written by Pilate on our Sauiours Crosse in Greeke Hebrew and Latin was found in an vnfitte place the which remaines as a famous relique in that Church Besides it is reported that beeing neere his end a great white Crosse of more then forty Cubits length appeared ouer the house where he lay sick which beeing reported to him he did reioyce and hauing caused a Masse of the Holy Crosse to be said hee gaue vp the ghost these things are written for wonders by the Spaniards his body lies buried in the chiefe chappell of the Church of Toledo in a sumptuous Marble monument As concerning Frier Francis Ximenes of Cisneros his successor in the Archbishoprick of Toledo hee was sonne to a solicitor of causes in the towne of Tordelaguna called Alphonso Ximenes his first rising was to the Arch-priesthood of Vzeda and hee was great Chaplaine of Siguença and the lxxi in the order of the Archbishops and hee was afterward created Cardinall by Pope Alexander the sixt of the title of Saint Balbine but D. Bernardin de Caruajall Bishop of Carthagena was preferred before him to the dignity of a Cardinall by the title of Santa Cruz in Ierusalem and was likewise admitted to the Bishoprick of Siguença vacant by the Cardinals death and at the last obtained that of Playsance Frier Diego de Deça of the order of Friers Preachers Schoole-maister to Prince Iohn of Castile was likewise made Bishop of Salamanca The affaires betwixt Castile and Nauarre since the time that Alain of Albret came to Valencia to King Fernand The last Coronation at Nauarre were peaceable but the kingdome of Nauarre was still vexed by the factions those of Beaumont had euer for their chief the Constable Lewis of Beaumont Earle of Lerin those of Grammont ioyned themselues with the Lord of Abenas Viceroy and Gouernour of the Countrey waiting with great desire for the comming of King Iohn and Queene Catherine vnto whom they protested all obedience Now the great affaires which these Princes had on this side the mountaines detayned them a long time there for besides that they were in no sort fauoured by Charles the eight the poursuites of their vnkle Iohn Vicount of Narbonne had continually disquieted them vntill the yeare 1493. that they fell to agreement with him and to secure the countries of Foix and Bearne in their absence from his surprizes and vsurpations they had made ouer to him the townes of Sauardun Maseres Monthault and Gibel This Vicount was a widower by the death of Donna Marie of Orleance sister to Lewis the French King who left him two children namely Gaston who was duke of Nemours and Germaine which was afterward wife to King Fernand of Arragon after Queene Isabella's death Hauing then contented the Vicount and king Charles busied in his iourney to Naples Iohn Lord of Albret and Queene Catherine his wife went into Nauarre leading with them great troupes of souldiers for feare lest the Constable should rebell who held the cittie of Pampelona in such sort at his commaund as he disposed of all matters there as if he had beene King and when the Princes came to the gates thereof their entrance was denyed and they were constrayned to lodge at Egues where they remayned certaine dayes vntill the Constable and his Faction were pleased to giue them entrance In that Cittie were the Estates assembled and the King and Queene were crowned with the vsuall ceremonies in the presence of diuers Prelats Knights and the Ambassadors of diuers Princes It was the last Coronation which was made in Nauarre in our time for this kingdome beeing soone after in the Kings of Castiles possession they would no longer continue such ceremonies beeing content to receiue the oath of the Estates after the manner of Spaine The titles of King Iohn and Queene Catherine of Nauarre were Kings of Nauarre Dukes of Nemours Gandia Momblanc and Pegnafiell Earles of Foix and Lords of Bearne Earles of Bigorre Ribagorça Pontieure and Petigort Vicounts of Limoges Peeres of France and Lords of the cittie of Balaguer The yeare 1494. Caesar Borgia Câ—sar Borgia Cardinal Bishop of Pampelona who was after Duke Valentinois Cardinall and sonne to Pope Alexander the sixt did by his procurators take possession of the perpetuall administration of the Church of Pampelona by the decease of Don Alphonso Carillo the Bishop and by the grant of the Pope his father and the yeare following 1495. Princesse Magdalen of France dyed who was mother to Queene Catherine in the same cittie of Pampelona who accompanied her daughter to her coronation and had euer vertuously employed her selfe about the conseruation of her childrens estates for the space of fiue and twentie yeares all which time she had liued in holy widow hood her bodie lies buried in the great Chappell of the Cathedrall church of the same cittie About that time Queene Katherine visited the King and Queene of Castile at Alfaro by whome she was greatly honoured and welcommed as befitted so great a Princesse and we reade of none other occasion of
bee brought from any other place they die But the other Ophiusa in old time and now Fromentaria is so full of them as the island hath remained desart and not inhabited In Yuica they make excellent salt These islands are right against the shore betwixt Barcelone and Valence The islands of Sardinia and Corsica were in old time giuen by the Popes in fee to the kings of Arragon who haue contended by armes for the right thereof against the Geneuois and Pisans for many yeares till that in the end the Arragonois got the quiet possession of Sardinia of which conquest we shall speake often wherefore wee will describe it briefly without making any particular mention of that of Corsica which the Geneuois hold The isle of Sardinia lies in the Mediterranean sea Description of Sardinia hauing that of Corsica neere vnto it vpon the North. It runs out in length from North to South neere threescore leagues accounting foure miles to a league It is held to be about an hundred and fiftie leagues in circuit It is fiue and thirtie leagues from Africke the neerest place vnto it is Tunes or Bizerte Betwixt it and Corsica are but foure leagues and in some places but three in the which there are many smal islands which they cal Businares This island was in old time called Ico Ichnusa and Sandaliotis for that it hath the forme of a sole or of a mans foot The first inhabitants were Tuscanes and then Grecians led by Iolaus and Sardus companions to Hercules After which there arriued some Troianes and then Athenians After them the Carthaginians seised vpon this island who were dispossest by the Romanes which was the cause of the third warre betwixt them Hauing beene long vnder that commonweale and consequently vnder the Romane empire the Sarasens got footing there against whom the Geneuois and Pisans then mightie commonweales did arme by the Popes persuasion conquered it and planted themselues there But for that it was a subject of their warre and quarels and withall the Popes bearing a spleene against the Pisans Fertilitle of Sardinia it was giuen in fee to the kings of Arragon It was heretofore a store-house for the Romanes it was so fertile and would be so still if the people were industrious much better for tillage than Corsica especially that part which lies towards Africk which is a plaine and lyes lower than the other towards Corsica which is hilly In it there grow vines and all sorts of fruites as in Corsica except oyle by reason of the negligence of the Sardinians for nature bringing forth in the woods and mountaines infinit-store of wild oliues shewes it is their owne fault if this plant be not made good The island abounds in cattell of all sorts as it appeares by the great quantitie of hides and cheese which they transport into Italie and other places There are great store of wild goats called by the countreymen Musines or Muâ—les which haue their haire like stagges and their heads like rammes but their hornes bending backwards they are verie light and nimble and liue in the mountains whereof of the Sardinians who are better huntsmen than the Corsicans take three or foure thousand at a time the which they flea to sell their skinnes whereof the Cordeuan leather is made leauing the carkasses in the fields notwithstanding that the flesh be reasonable good to eat wherewith it may be the ayre is impaired The aâ—re in Sardinia corrupted by nature and by accident the which doth naturally infect that countrey by reason of certaine South windes which blow in Summer The horses of Sardinia are hot strong headed and hard to be broken but they last long and there are many wild Among their tame cattell there are certaine small bullockes which amble naturally which the countrey men vse like Asses and Mules to goe from one place to another Heretofore there haue beene mynes of sulpher or brimstone Mynes alume siluer and salt and it is but the negligence of the people that they are not found at this day and with good profit Neither doth it want bathes which are good for many infirmities Bathes especially betwixt Montreal and Saint Iohn In Sardinia as some maintaine there are no wolues nor any venimous nor hurtfull beasts the which they haue common with many other islands yet they haue verie great foxes fierce and cruell which easily kill a sheepe or a goat There growes the hearbe Sardonique which causeth death with such a contraction of the sinewes as they seeme to smile when they are dead This island hath in former times beene better inhabited than it is at this day and they haue beene more warlike than now they are When as the Geneuois and Pisans did hold it they distinguisht it into two prouinces that of Cap Caillery which lookes towards Africke the which was the Pisans part and the greater and Cap of Lugodori joyning vpon Corsica which the Geneuois held for them Then the Sardinians had their rulers and Gouernours whom they call Iudges Iudges is foure â—urisdictions diuided into foure jurisdictions or prouinces one at Caillery another at Arborea since called Oristagny one at Turrita or Torre and the fourth at Galluri This kind of gouernement was entertained vntill the conquest of the island by the Arragonis and the Spaniards rule At this day there is a Viceroy resident at Caillery with absolute authoritie who of necessitie must bee a Spaniard and is assisted by a Councell or royall audience consisting of a President and a certaine number of Counsellours The two prouinces aboue mentioned into the which the islands is diuided haue either of them a Gouernour who is a Spaniard or of the island indifferently which doe gouerne and haue authoritie in the absence of the Viceroy but hee beeing present it ceaseth The townes and chiefe places of this island Chiefe townes in Sardinia bee Caillery commonly called Calger a towne seated vpon the side of a hill towards Africke hauing a goodly port haunted by merchants and saylers from all parts it is well built and enriched with diuers towers and a stately temple built by the Pisans and an Archbishops seat This citie hath by priuiledge a jurisdiction apart besides the Viceroyes authoritie and is gouerned by the citizens themselues Next is Oristagny in old time called Arborea the which is also a bishopricke and was sometimes a marquisate with a particular lord but one of them rebelling the kings of Arragon haue vnited it vnto their demaines There is a port also towards the West Arghero or Alguero followes on the same West part the which hath no port but onely a road Bossa vpon the Sea the tower in old time was called Libisson a Colonie of the Romanes and afterwards called Torre or Turrite the which is now ruined Sassari ten or twelue miles from the sea where there is an auntient conduit of water the which continues about twelue miles vnto Saint Gauins temple Then castle
himselfe to be carried to Tarracona The Cantabrians assailed both by land and sea towards Gaule Aquitaine came to fight with Antistius and Firmius by whom they were defeated in many encounters and their townes taken A great number of Gallicians hauing fortified themselues on a mountaine then called Medullius neere vnto the riuer of Minio Cruell 〈◊〉 of Barbarians they were besieged and so pressed as they must of necessitie either fight or yeeld but hauing not the courage to defend themselues and being loath to fall into seruitude they all slew themselues The Asturians being camped neere vnto the riuer which giues the name vnto their countrey thought to surprise the Romane armie and without doubt had defeated them if their enterprise had not beene discouered They were afterwards put to rout by P. Carisius but not without great slaughter of his men Hee also tooke Lancia the chiefe towne of Asturia being abandoned So the warre ended and at the same instant Augustus hauing dismissed the old souldiours hee gaue them leaue to build the towne of Emerita in Lusitania Emerita sounded by Augustus Saragâ—sse at this day it is Merida in Portugall Then also the towne of Salduba was first called Cesar Augusta in honor of Octauius Augustus it is now Saragosse the which he did much enlarge with buildings Fiue and twentie yeares before the birth of our Sauiour the way was paued from Cordoua to Astigi vpon the Ocean It appeares by this inscription which is at Cordoua on a pillar of greene stone whereon Augustus name is grauen and the number of twelue miles which is the distance from Cordoua to the sea Imp. Caesar. Diui. F. Augustus Cos. VIII Trib. Potest XXI Pont. Max. A. Baete Iano Augusto Ad. Oceanum C. XXI This Temple of Ianus was by all conjectures built by Augustus at Cordoua in signe of a perpetuall peace After Caesars returne Sextus Apuleius Proconsull shewed some proofes of his valour in Spaine for the which he triumphed and afterwards L. Aemilius suppressed the Cantabrians Gouernment of Spaine vnder the emperours and Asturians who rebelled againe After which time Spaine was gouerned by Pretors and Proconsuls the which are sometimes called in Latine Praesides vnto the time of Dioclesian and Maximin Strabo saith That in his time which was during the empires of Augustus and Tiberius the prouince of Betica was giuen vnto the people of Rome who appointed a Gouernour or Pretor hauing a Lieutenant and a Treasurer the rest of Spaine remaining at the emperours disposition who sent two lieutenants the one in qualitie of Vice-Pretor the other as Vice-Consull The Vice-Pretor with the helpe of a lieutenant or legat did justice and had jurisdiction ouer all Lusitania from the riuer of Betis vnto Duero the other part being Taracconese did obey the Vice-Consull who had a great armie entertained with three lieutenants the one commaunded the Cantabrians Asturians and the country of Gallicia the other gouerned along the Mediterranean sea and the third had charge of the inner countries The Generals place of residence was at Carthagene or Tarracone The emperours which came after made first two and then one Gouernour of Spaine and not alwayes of one sort About the time of Maximinian and Dioclesian the Gouernours were called Earles Earles and Vicars gouerning Spaine and their lieutenants Vicars and when as the Gothes began to erect a kingdome that small portion which held for the Romanes along the shore of the prouince of Carthagene and the mountains of the Cantabrians and Asturians Dukes called Prâ—fecti were gouerned by Dukes whom they called Praefecti Octauius Caesar surnamed Augustus The fiâ—st yere of Christ. 752 of Rome had held the empire about two and fortie yeares when our Sauiour Iesus Christ the eternall sonne of God was borne God and man of the virgine Marie of the tribe of Iuda in the citie of Beth-leem of Iuda which was in the yere 757 of the foundation of Rome The night when as the Lord of peace came vpon the earth was as some write as bright and cleere in Spaine as the noone day The computation of times shall hereafter be taken from the birth of our Sauiour An. 16 of Christ in the 16 yeare of whose life Augustus died Then Sextilius Hena a Poet of Cordoua flourished in Spaine being now brought wholly to the manners of the Romans 21 The Spaniards being much affected to Augustus did obtaine of C. Tiberius Nero his successour leaue to build a goodly temple in honour of him in the towne of Tarracone This emperour kept the Gallicians Asturians and Cantabrians vnder with strong garrisons hauing beene formerly subdued by Augustus In his time they of Lisbone gaue it out That they had seene and heard Triton in certaine hollow rockes Triton a diuelish illusion singing and playing vpon a comet as they painted him And Plinie reports that vpon the sea shore a Nereide had beene seene couered with scales yea whereas she caried a humane shape and that they had heard the grones and complaints she made dying Vibius Serenus a tyrannous gouernor punished Vnder Tiberius Vibius Serenus Proconsull of the further Spaine accused by his owne sonne and conuicted was condemned as a tyrant and banished into the island Amorgos one of the Cyclades Iunius Gallio brother to Seneca the Senator was also banished for that he had propounded in Senat to honour the old souldiours which had beene dismist with higher seats in the Theatre and at publique shewes hauing not first spoken thereof vnto the emperour Tiberius The Spanish flatterers doing idolatrie vnto princes would also haue made a temple vnto Tiberius and to his mother the which was prohibited Tiberius saying Tiberius doth madesâ—ly refuse diuine honours Anno 16. That he was a man and no god demaunding no other thing of them but that they would retaine a good and commendable memorie of him after his death The six and twentieth yeare of our saluation L. Piso a great oppressor of the people was slaine in the hither Spaine where he was Pretor An exacting gouernour slaine by a peasant by a peasant of Termes who being taken and tortured would neuer confesse who had made him to commit this murther This man slipping out of the officers hands which led him to the racke againe beat his own head so violently against a stone as instantly he lost both sence and life In those times one of the richest men of Spaine called Sextus Marius was accused to haue accompanied with his owne daughter carnally for the which he was cast downe headlong from the rocke Tarpeien but his great wealth was the cause of his death more than his crime Tiberius had raigned seuenteene yeares Anno 34. when as our Sauiour Iesus Christ suffered death for the redemption of mankind hauing finished the three and thirtieth yeare of his life 22 The healthfull doctrine of our redemption by him The Gospel preached in Spain in Tiberius time was
and Gouernour of Tanger or Tingis Hee addressed himselfe to the daughter of Iulian Earle or Gouernour of Ceuta called Caba or Caus the which was bred vp in the Court as other virgines of noble families according to the custome and rauished her whilest that her father was in embassage in Africke for the affaires of the kingdome Palardie the cause of the 〈◊〉 of the Gothe◠kingdome The place where he committed this rape is called Pancoruo betwixt Victoria and Burgos This was the occasion which made the Moores to inuade Spaine Some authors write That Caba or Caua was wife and not daughter to Count Iulian yet wee find that his wife was called Faldrina and that shee was sister to king Vitiza The Earle did wickedly reuenge this priuat injurie by the ruine of the whole kingdome A priuat iniurie furiously pursued with the ruine of the publicke for returning into Africke whither he led Caua causing her to embarke at Malaga of whom the port of the said towne is yet named he went to Musa Abenzair Gouernour for the Emperour of the Arabians whose name was Vlit and promised to make him Lord of all Spaine if hee would giue him men and meanes to make warre there Musa hauing aduertised Vlit he aduised him not to giue too much credit vnto the Earle before he had tried him Wherefore at that time they gaue him a hundred horse and foure hundred foot with promise of greater forces This man transported with the dishonour done vnto his house Count Iulian brings the Moores into Spaine led these Moores into Spaine Anno 713. and hauing joyned with some of the countrey whom he had corrupted he spoyled all the coast along the Ocean which now is Andalusia and Portugall and then led them backe into Africke laden with spoyles for a testimonie of his actions This first descent of the Moores was in the yeare 713. The Arabians hauing made this triall of Count Iulians affection the Gouernour Musa gaue him twelue thousand Moores vnder the conduct of Tarif Aben Zarca which Tarif according vnto some had beene in the first passage of the Moores into Spaine Passing the strait he landed his men at the foot of the mountaine Calpe by reason whereof this place changed his name Gibaltar so called of Tarif a captaine of the Moores and was in the Arabian tongue called Gebel Tarif that is to say the mount of Tarif And the next towne taken by that captaine which was either the auncient Carteia or Mellaria was called Tariffe This armie being secretly fauoured by Sisibut and Eba the sonnes of Vitiza aided and fortified by Ricila Gouernor of Tanger and other noblemen Gothes to whom the present estate was displeasing being friends and affected and it may be alike interessed with Count Iulian ouerran and spoyled all Andalusia and a part of Lusitania entring into Seuille and many other places which had beene demanteled by the foolish aduice of king Vitiza In these combustions Roderic his successour both in his vices and kingdome was so vnprouided as his enemies had meanes to doe what they would without resistance In the end hauing assembled some troupes in hast he sent them against the Moores vnder the commaund of a kinsman of his called by some Inigo by others Sanche But the Gothes hauing in a manner forgotten to manage armes by reason of the long peace which they had enjoyed Goth◠defeated An Estate without armes in 〈◊〉 and defectiue could not withstand the Moores force hauing been for many yeares in continuall warre so as they were defeated which made Count Iulian to grow proud and insolent and his enterprises to bee more fauoured so as vpon the newes of this victorie in Africke an infinit number of Arabians Moores or Sarasins and other Africanes passed into Spaine as to the assured spoyle of one of the richest regions in the world Roderic seeing this fire to encrease daily hauing called all the Nobilitie together and raysed an armie he marched against his enemies hauing not all his forces yet joyned for they of Biscaye and of the Asturies and in a manner all those on this side the riuer of Ebro were not yet arriued finding the Arabians vpon the riuer of Guadalette neere to Assidone which either is Xeres or Medina Sidonia at this day whereas the two armies standing in view one of another for the space of eight dayes they had many bloudie skirmishes without any great aduantage but in the end they came to a battaile betwixt Medina Sidonia and Xeres vpon a Sunday in September Anno 714. in the yeare 714 whereas king Roderic was a spectator of his souldiours deuoires being mounted vpon a great horse which they called Orelia in a royall mantle and a crowne vpon his head with other rich ornaments after the manner of the kings of the Gothes in those times which made his souldiors the more courageous and was the cause of a great slaughter that day of Sarasins or Arabians but the multitude of the enemies one supporting another and the tyred being still relieued with fresh supplies in the end made the Gothes and Spaniards to quit the field The total defeat of the Gothes and it is written That the sonnes of Vitiza called home by Roderic and to whom indiscreetly he had giuen the commaund of two points of his armie reuolted during the fight whereupon all his men were cut in pieces and all Spaine was thereby lost in few dayes except the Asturies Biscaye and some part of the Pyrenees whither the remainders of the Nobilitie and people fled which refused to liue vnder the Arabians gouernment King Roderic was neuer seene more his horse and spoyles were onely found in a bogge yet in the towne of Viseo in Portugall there is at this day this inscription to be seene in Latine Hic iacet Rodericus An Epitaph vpon K. Roderic vltimus Rex Gottorum maledictus furor impius Iuliani quia pertinax indignatio quia dura Vcsanus furia animosus furore oblitus fidelitatis Immemor religionis contemptor Diuinitatis crudelis in se Homicida in Dominum Hostis in Domesticos Vastator in Patriam Reus in omnes Memoria eius in omni ore amarescet nomen eius in aeternum putrescet In this king ended the Gothes kingdome in Spaine the which had continued if wee account as the Spaniards doe The continuance of the Gothes reigne according vnto Isidorus from Athanaric who reigned in the yeare 370 in Mysia and Thrace 344 yeares but for that hee had no entrance into Spaine but onely Ataulphe who reigned in the yeare 413 and was the first Gothish king which entred there about the yeare 417 the Gothes reigne in Spaine had continued but 297 yeares After this defeat there was no order nor gouernment among the Gothes euery man followed what partie did best please him Some retyred into the mountaines of Asturia and Biscaye and into Nauarre others went into Gaule many passed into
Eylo or Zethon whom we had confined into Ouiedo in the beginning of the raigne of this Alphonso who being made earle or gouernour of Biscaie by the kings bountie would rebell as his brother had done Rebellion of the gouernor of Biscate forcing the king to send an armie against him by the which he was vanquished taken and led to Ouiedo where he ended his dayes in prison This Zeno left two daughters the one called Theude was maried according vnto some to D. Inigo Arista king of Nauarre and the other D. Iniga to the infant D. Suria of whom we shall hereafter speake This was in the yeare 856. All this time and to the yeare 859 Moores Anno 859. there had beene a suspension of armes betwixt king D. Alphonso and the Moores but that yeare king Mahumet went to armes and came and besieged the towne of Coimbra belonging now to Portugal but D. Alphonso forced him to raise his siege and not content therewith entred into the Moores countrey wasted it and returned with great spoyles continuing euerie yeare to annoy them in such sort as they were constrained to accept of a truce for three yeares with the preiudice of their reputations and great disaduantage in their iurisdictions Then there raigned in Sarragosse a Moore called Aben Alfaie The rest of Mahumets raigne vnto his death was spent in voluptuous lust and idlenesse In his time there was a great earthquake in Spaine and a little before his death lightening entring into the Mosquee where he was slew two Noblemen Moores neere vnto him D. Garcia Inigues third of that name and seuenth King of Nauarre 37 About the yeare 867 Nauarre and Arragon vnited as some Authors write died D. Inigo Arista king of Nauarre to whom succeeded D. Garcia Inigues his sonne the third of that name who vnited the countrey of Arragon to Nauarre by marying with D. Vrraca daughter to D. Fortun the last earle or of D. Endregot Galinde of the same house and familie of Arragon He had two sons by this Ladie D. Fortun and D. Sancho Abarca and one daughter called D. Sanctiua or Sancha They write this fable of D. Sancho That the king going inconsiderately with his queene through the mountaines of Nauarre he was surprised by certaine Moores and slaine and the queene ouerthrowne being thrust into the bellie with a Moores launce at such time as she was great with this D. Sancho Some houres after a knight whom they called D. Sancho of Gueuara passing that way met with this pitifull spectacle and saw that the child had thrust forth a hand by the mothers wound and had laboured to come forth there wherefore this knight lighting from his horse made the wound greater so as he drew forth this infant aliue without any harme then he carried it to his house with good witnesses where he caused it to be nourished according to his degree vntill he grew great and then he presented him to the Estates of the realme and made him be acknowledged for their lawfull king But as we say it is like to be a fable and hath no great authoritie yet they say that the surname of Ladron which is peculiar to the house of Gueuara came for that this knight did secretly nourish the infant D. Sancho D. Sanctiua the daughter was maried to king Ordogno the second sonne to Alphonso the great 38 They hold opinion Biscaie That the lords of Biscaie had their beginning at this time in D. Suria whose posteritie was famous for many yeares for after that D. Zeno had beene vanquished and led prisoner as we haue said the Biscaines seeing themselues without a head fell to mutinies and seditions Thither was sent D. Ordogno sonne to king D. Alphonso whom they called Earle of Asturies who began to ouerrun and spoyle the countrey The townes and comminalties assembled to make head against him chusing D. Suria for their captaine who was descended from the bloud royall of Scotland by his mother and had maried a daughter of Cont Zenos called D. Iniga but at that time deceased The forces of either part came to fight in a place called then Padura The battell was sharpe and cruell and for that the whole countrey did swim with bloud the place was from that time called Arrigoriaga which in the countrey language signifies a vermilion stone The Biscaines with the aid and by the valour of D. Sancho Estiguis Lord of Durando who ended his dayes in this battell won it which was in the yeare 870. After this victorie the Biscaines chose D. Suria for their Lord as well for that he was sonne in law to their last Earle and gouernour Zeno by his daughter notwithstanding we doe not read that he had any children as for the valour and good conduct they had seene in him in this warre This D. Suria did presently after marie the daughter of D. Sancho Estiguis in whose right he got the Seigniorie of Durando which was vnited vnto Biscaie whose posteritie did enjoy those lands vntill the time of D. Henrie the second of that name king of Castille and Leon. The linage of D. Suria was called de Haro Castille the old had also an Earle called D. Diego Porcello 39 Mahumet Miralmumin of Cordoua Moores Anno 874. hauing liued some time in peace by reason of the last truce made with the Christians died in the yeare 874 leauing 54 children by his wiues whereof 34 were males and 20 females He had held the kingdome 35 yeares and his death was in the 257 yeare of the Arabians raigne Almundir sixt king of the Moores at Cordoua His sonne Almundir succeeded him who liue but two yeares hauing done nothing worthie of memorie against whom they of Cordoua rebelled notwithstanding that he offered to free them of the tenth part of their tribute which they paid He left six sonnes and seuen daughters Such was the estate of Spaine in the time of king D. Alphonso who had to wife a Ladie of the bloud royall of France called Ameline Ouiedo but they changed her name to D. Ximena by whom he had foure sonnes D. Garcia D. Ordogno D. Fruela who raigned and D. Gonsalo the Archdeacon This king in his later dayes gaue himselfe wholly to workes of pietie building of churches and monasteries indowing them with rents and great reuenewes and adorning them with iewels vessels of gold and siluer and precious ornaments according to the ceremonies brought in and maintained in the Church In the yeare 877 the church of S. Iaques was consecrated at the instance of this king and by the authoritie of Pope Iohn the eighth where many Bishops were present And it is to be noted that in those dayes the citie of Ouiedo was full of Bishops without any flockes for they did chuse Bishops of townes that were in the Moores possession keeping an account of their succssion Ouiedo the towne of Bishops all which did liue in Ouiedo and therfore it was called the
of Nauarre came againe with an armie by the mountaines of Oca and Bureua and ran as farre as Burgos doing what he could to persuade the Countesse D. Sancha to goe away with him but she would giue no eare to him wherefore the returned with a great bootie hauing much spoyled the countrey The Earle at his returne being informed of all which the king of Nauarre had attempted complained first by embassages and demaunded reparation of dommages which his subjects had endured and hauing no reason done him nor any good answer made he tooke the course of armes and led an armie into Nauarre where he gaue battaile vnto his enemies on the plaines of Valpierre neere to Nagera and Brion where the Nauarrois were manie in number and well appointed Those of Castille were in great danger yet the equitie of their quarrell gaue them force and courage Another defeat of Nauarrou so as they remained victors and the Earle had full satisfaction of the wrongs and injuries which the king of Nauarre had done him Such were the occasions progresse and end of the quarrels betwixt Nauarre and Castille according to the Spanish Chronicles An. 934. to the yeare of our Lord 934. After this the countrey of Castille was in peace for a time and the Earle D. Fernand had no other care but to gouerne his subjects well vnder good lawes when as in Leon there was great trecherie practised against him by the king D. Sancho who was sorrie that the designes of Nauarre had not succeeded as he desired This king made an Assembly of all the Earles and Noblemen and appointed his Court in the citie of Leon whither the Earle of Castille was also called who although hee were sufficiently informed whence all the wrongs came that were done him and of the little good they wisht him in that Court yet could he find no meanes to excuse himselfe and which was worse there were verie few of his friends Being come to the gates of the citie he might easily perceiue that he was not welcome for that no man came to meet him as they had done at other times wherefore he entred into the citie like a priuate man and of meane estate Comming to kisse the kings hands he was receiued with a frowning countenance The Earle of Castille kept prisoner in Leon and sowre speeches telling him that he detained the Earledome of Castille from him Whereupon the Earle seeking to satisfie the king with good reasons hee was not heard but put in sure gard and kept in the citie of Leon in the yeare 936. An. 936. The newes of his restraint did much trouble all Castille but especially the Countesse whom the good and well affected knights of Castille sought by all meanes they could to comfort promising all their meanes for the Earles deliuerie This Ladie being of a noble courage and confirmed by the loyaltie she found in his subjects put her selfe presently vpon the way being accompanied by the chife of the nobilitie of the countrey and going by secret and unknowne passages shee came neere vnto the citie of Leon where shee left her troupes in ambush and taking the habit of a pilgrime pretending to goe and visit the sepulchre of S. Iaques shee entred into the citie being accompanied onely with two men The king being presently aduertised of the Countesses arriuall he came vnto her and desirous to doe her honour being his aunt he suffered her to see her husband who was prisoner and to remaine that night with him and commaunded for her sake that they should take off his yrons wherewith he was bound These two louers passed that little time which was allowed them to be together in comfroting one another and in praying vnto God and hauing concluded betwixt themselues what was to be done this vertuous Princesse D. Sancha gaue an example to all her sex A rare example of coniugall loue of what power conjugall loue is in a generous heart for she attyred her husband so handsomely in her pilgrimes weed as the keepers of the prison being deceiued therewith let him goe thinking it had beene shee The Countesse in the meane time remained prisoner so as before they could discouer the fraud D. Fernand had meanes to get out of the towne and to come vnto his knights which lay in ambush by whom hee was conducted into his countrey This fact of the Countesse being reported vnto the king he was so farre from blaming her as admiring the force of so holie a loue Vertue is reuerenced euen of enemies he deliuered her honoured her and sent her home to her husband with a traine fit for her calling although he were varie sorrie that the Earle had so escaped The king D. Sancho was still a debtor to the Earle of Castille not onely for the price of his horse and hawke but also for the multiplication thereof the day of payment being long before expired wherefore the Earle sent to demaund his money of the king and hauing neither payment nor good wordes he began to spoyle the territories of Leon whereupon the king commaunded his Treasurers to verifie this debt and to seeke for meanes to discharge it The summe was so often doubled and multiplied from day to day after the terme prefixed as they reported vnto the king That all the wealth of the kingdome of Leon would not be sufficient to pay that which was due vnto the Earle of Castille wherefore after manie consultations and messages sent on either part the king D. Sancho and the Earle D. Fernand fell to an agreement That the king to be freed of this excessiue summe of money Castille exempt from all subiection by a foolish bargaine did remit vnto the Earle D. Fernand the lands and seigniories of Castille to enjoy them absolutely without any reseruation of fealtie homage nor vassallage to the Crowne of Leon but freely and as Soueraignes he and his in perpetuitie whereof letters were passed in the yeare 939. This was the meanes as the Histories of Spaine report of the Soueraigntie of Castille and separation thereof from the realme of Leon and Ouiedo the which countrey from an Earledome became a royaltie and in the end the mightiest of all the Continent as we see it in our time The Earle D. Fernand did at that time hold in the Prouince of Rioje the lands of Cerezo and Granon and by many letters of donation graunted by him to the Churches and Couents of his countrey he is intitled Lord of Alaua whereby we must note that the countrey of Alaua was in his time of a larger circuit then it is now for the kings of Nauarre held much of it and did also tearme themselues Lords so did the Moores dispersed ouer all Spaine and holding great Seigniories townes and forts there vnder their king Abderramen being resident at Cordoua This Arabian king Moores for his last exploit of warre had sent an armie of Moores into the territories of Leon which layed
desire of raigne the which we will hereafter relate in a more conuenient place The Estate of Miralmumin Hizen was wonderfully troubled in those times by many which desired either to raigne or to haue the greatest charges in the kingdome of Cordoua namely the dignitie of Alhabib among the which there was a Moore called Zuleima stronger than the rest by the support and fauour hee had from D. Sancho earle of Castille He tooke and shut vp Hizen after that he had raigned three and thirtie yeares foure monethes Zultima 11 king of the Moores at Cordoua in the 379 yeare of the Arabians and made himselfe king of Cordoua in the yeare of our redemption 989. He was an African or Barbarian and was much sauoured from beyond the seas In his raigne was the last rout giuen to the Cattelans and their earle forced and slaine as we haue said But he did not long enjoy this Estate of Cordoua for another nobleman of great power Mahumad the third the 12 king at Cordoua called Mahumad Mehedi or Almohadi of the linage of Aben Humeya rose vp against him and depriued him of his kingdome in Spaine in the yeare of our Lord 993 which he had maintained foure yeares with great toyle and difficultie In his time there raigned a Moore at Toledo Abdalla king of Toledo called Abdalla who was solicited in such sort by D. Alphonso king of Leon as they contracted together and did sweare a perpetuall offensiue and defensiue league betwixt them the which was so strongly confirmed as D. Alphonso gaue his sister D. Theresa a Christian in mariage to Abdalla an Infidell king and sent her to him to Toledo notwithstanding that she did contradict it all she could They say That this Moore being readie to consummate the mariage he was admonished by the Ladie that it was not lawfull to doe it seeing they were of two diuers religions and that for so prophane a contempt he might assure himselfe God would punish him grieuously if he resolued to proceed But notwithstanding all her allegations the Moore would not forbeare to accomplish his desire Mariage betwixt a Christian and an Infidell reproued of God but he was presently surprised with such a terrour and amazement as if death had approached Wherefore repenting himselfe he sent backe D. Theresa to Leon to the king her brother with great store of treasure and rich jewels for that he would not touch her This princesse liued long in Leon in the habit of a religious woman and in the end put her selfe into the monasterie of Saint Pelagius where she died and was interred In the meane time Mahumad the third or Mahumet of the race of Aben Humeia surnamed Almohadi setled himselfe in the realme of Cordoua and was Miralmumin of the Arabians in Spaine who shewed himselfe so cruell in the beginning against the inhabitants of Cordoua partisans to Zuleima his predecessor of the linage of Aben Alaueci that many of them fled out of the citie and liued in banishment By reason of this diuision many other noblemen Moores seised vpon places and prouinces in Spaine of the jurisdiction of the Miralmumins of Cordoua as Abdalla did who as we haue said had seised vpon the citie of Toledo restored the royall seat there where he was the fourth king since which time it continued a royaltie and returned no more vnder the soueraigntie of the kings of Cordoua In some Authors we find a tale of a Gentlewoman called Galiena Fable of Galiena daughter to Galafrey king of Toledo who by her beautie drew Charlemaine out of France to Toledo where he did fight with a knight called Bramante that would haue maried her and they say that Charles being victor he led faire Galiena into France But there is no great probabilitie that this happened to Charlemaine It may be that since there was a Galiena daughter to some Gouernour of Toledo called Galafrey famous for some like act For we find in the citie of Toledo a place called Galienas Palace where as now the Monasterie of S. Foy is and in like manner at Bourdeaux in Guienne Which shewes that some ladie of fame came out of Spaine into France but conducted by some other Charles than he that was king and Emperor surnamed the Great Zuleima being expelled by Mahumet fled from towne to town being accompanied by many Moors and Barbarians who conspired against him in fauour of a cousen of his called Maroan whom they would chuse for their captaine but being ready to kill him Zuleima being aduertised and prepared slue them which pretended to murther him As for his cousen Maroan he saued his life but he kept him in a strait prison Being enuironed with so many miseseries chased from Cordoua a vagabond and not safe among his owne followers he had recourse vnto D. Sancho earle of Castille crauing succours from him to recouer his Estates Wherewith the earle was verie well pleased and led a great power of Christians into the Moores countrey and with him D. Raymond earle of Barcelone as some write Mahumet did also make great leuies of souldiers whereof the Alhabib or Generall was Albaharin Almaharin who did reside at Medina Zelim or Coli and had commaundement to come and joyne with the armie with all the forces he could make Their forces being joyned of either side Cruell warres betwixt the Moores there was a fierce and bloudie battell betwixt Zuleima and Mahumet whereas Zuleima who had the forces of Castille with him was victor haning slaine fiue and thirtie thousand of his enemies vpon the place and pursuing his victorie he chased Mahumet and those which remained as farre as Cordoua And whilest that Zuleimaes men and the Christians were busie at the spoyle of the suburbs the Alhabib Albaharin abandoned his king and tooke his way to Medina Celi with those that would follow him It was then a great fort and rampat of the Moores Estate against Castille Arragon and Nauarre Mahumet seeing himselfe defeated and abandonâ—d was so saint-hearted as he shut himselfe vp into the fort of Cordoua resoluing to deliuer king Hizen who was a prisoner there chusing rather to see Hizen raigne than Zuleima The people of Cordoua hearing speake of their true king Hizen made so great an exclamation of joy as Mahumet thinking himselfe lost and fearing to die fled and hid himselfe in a Moors house who was borne at Toledo and verie confident vnto him Anno 994. with whom that night he fled to Toledo Wherefore Zuleima entred into Cordoua and raigned againe 〈◊〉 of the Princes Electors in Germanie Mahumet hauing beene king but one yeare which was in the yeare of Christ 994 and of the Moores 377. A memorable date for that this yeare the seuen Princes Electors in Germanie were instituted at the instance of the Emperour Othon and Pope Gregorie the fift King Zuleima being reestablished in Cordoua he sent backe D. Sancho earle of Castille and his men well satisfied
the citie of a contrarie humor to Almondir but the Moores of Cordoua not thinking themselues secure he being so neere them and being resolued not to endure any more kings of the linage of Aben Humeya they besieged him in this house tooke him and imprisoned him in Cordoua from whence he escaped and fled to Sarragosse where he liued in a priuate estate Then a Moore of great power called Ioar of Algazur seeing the citie without a king Ioar 19 king at Cordoua embracing this occasion with the helpe of his friends which did affect him tooke vpon him the title and royall authoritie at Cordoua but on the other side one Hali Cacin or Aben Cacin Hali Cacin ruling at Seuile residing at Seuile a man of a great house and mightie seized vpon the towne of Seuile where he did remaine with the Moores of his faction and enjoyed the soueraigntie fifteene yeares yet taking no other title vpon him but as Iudge and Gouernour but he prepared the way for his successours to make it a royall seat Ioar raigned but two yeares and Mahumet his sonne succeeded him Mahumet the 20 and last king at Cordoua being the twentieth and last king of the Moores at Cordoua and in whom the majestie of the Miralmumins of Spaine which had beene great was extinct from the which grew so many pettie kings as there was scarce any good towne in Spaine but had a particular king which made strict alliances among themselues for the preseruation of their estates and maintained themselues vntill the comming of the Almorauides Moores which came out of Africke as we will shew This king Mahumet desiring rather to hold that little of the estate of Cordoua which remained than to seeke after that which was drawne away enjoyed it in peace thirteene yeares the which fell out according to the common opinion about the yeare 1027 and of the Arabians 415 So as the royall seat of the Miralmumins of Spaine accounting from Abderramen the first who did begin it had continued in the citie of Cordoua 269 yeares The Moores affaires in Spaine being in this confusion the Christians neglected this fit opportunitie to recouer all Spaine and to root out the sect of Mahumet but they had their infirmities in like manner D. Sancho king of Nauarre made some attempts but as it seemes ill pursued being not mentioned in the Histories D. Alphonso king of Leon Leon. made an enterprise against them that gouerned in Lusitania and beseeged the towne of Viseo but as he went inconsiderately about it to view the place being vnarmed hee was shot with an arrow from the towne whereof hee died soone after this was in the yeare 1006 An. 1006. as the Spanish Histories report But the letters and titles of Chapters and Couents say he liued vnto the yeare 1028. A little before his death he had receiued into his countrey the children of D. Bela of Nagera a knight who as we haue said had beene chased out of Castille by the Earle D. Fernand Gonsales which were D. Roderigo D. Diego and D. Inigo Bela who would neuer be reconciled vnto D. Sancho Earle of Castille their Lord wherefore hauing liued a wandring and vagabond life for a time among the Moores and elsewhere in the end they came into Leon whereas the king D. Alphonso receiued them honoured them and gaue them lands and reuenues in the quarter of Somocas This Prince was carefull to administer justice to his subjects D. Alphonso 5 king of Leon a louer of iustice and therefore did reuiew and restore the ancient lawes of the Gothes and did correct and moderat them with new decrees fit for the time and all by the aduise of the generall estates assembled at Ouiedo in the yeare 1003. He repaired the ruines of the Citie of Leon and there built a Church to Saint Iohn Baptist whither he caused the body of D. Bermond his father and many others to be brought and there interred In his time liued Athilan Bishop of Leon and Florian a great Preacher in Gallicia both held for Saints in Spaine They write that Florian meaning to trie if his Sermons were pleasing to God put burning coales into his mouth and had no harme As for D. Sancho fourth king of Nauarre Nauarre he was surnamed the Great chiefly for his great dominions D. Sancho Emperor of Spaine and for his great exploits both in peace and warre by reason whereof he intitled himselfe king of Spaine the which the Gothes with all their greatnesse and power durst not doe He married D. Nugna eldest daughter to D. Sancho Garcia Earle of Castille yet the Histories of Arragon call her otherwise say the king had a former wife which was D. Caya Ladie of Ayuar the which was rather a concubine than a lawfull wife of whom D. Ramir Genealogie of Nauarre first king of Arragon was borne By this Ladie D. Nugna he did inherit the Earledome of Castille and by her had D. Garcia king of Nauarre after him D. Fernand first king of Castille and D. Gonsalo king of Sobrarbre and Ribagorsa He was either in person or sent to all the warres betwixt the Christians and the Moores whose estate was much shaken in his time by reason of the diuisions of that mutinous nation and this king was more fortunate abroad than in his owne house The Histories which treat of his deedes say That being absent in some warre against the Moores his sonne D. Garcia demanded a goodly horse of his mother out of the kings stable the which he loued aboue all the rest and had straitly commanded his wife not to suffer any one to ride him yet shee desiring to please her eldest sonne graunted him but being afterwards dissuaded by a knight called Pedro de Sese or as some write Fernand of Ordognana master of the kings horse shee would haue auoided it considering the charge the king had giuen her whereat D. Garcia being too much incensed for a matter of no moment began to imagine that there was some dishonest familiaritie betwixt this Master of the Horse and his mother whither that he belieued it or did maliciously inuent it forgetting God and all filiall respect Notable treason of a sonne against his mother he resolued to accuse them of adulterie and hauing conferred this designe with his brother D. Fernand who was of a better disposition he would haue forced him to serue as a witnesse or assistant in this wickednesse the which he refused and did often dissuade D. Garcia from so vile an enterprise but it was in vaine In the end D. Fernands youth was vanquished by the importunitie or rather feare of his elder brother promising not to reueale the fraud and lye which he had discouered vnto him The king being returned to his castle of Nagera Queene of cpan of Adulterâ—e this peruerse sonne D. Garcia failed not to accuse his mother whereat the king was wonderfully amazed for that he had
where their father died For the effecting whereof hee demaunded succours from the Moores which held Tudella Saragosse and Huefca and beseeged the towne of Tafalla but D. Garcia arriuing at that instant had meanes to make D. Ramir to raise his siege with dishonour and losse He had to wife D. Ermisende daughter to the Earle of Bigorre Genealogie of Arragon by whom he had D. Sancho Ramires who was King of Arragon after him D. Garcia Bishop of Iacca D. Sancha Countesse of Tholousa D. Theresa Countesse of Prouence wife to the Earle Guillen Bertrand and one Bastard sonne called D. Sancho Lord of Ayuar and Xauierre The time of this Kings Raigne or the maner of his death whether it were in warre or by sicknesse is doubtfull amongst Authors the common opinion is that he died about the yeare 1063. being at the seege of the Castell of Grados or Iraos of a wound which he receiued beeing in armes against the Moores of the Country for that leauing the protection of Arragon they had put themselues vnder that of Castille and that he is interrred at S. Iohn de la Pegna D. Garcia Sanches 6. of that name and 14. King of Nauarre 4. AS for D. Gracia heire of the Realme of Nauarre Nauarre he came to the crowne as his other brethren in the yeere 1034. the Queene D. Nugna his mother yet lyuing he was surnamed Sanches of Nagera for that he was bred vp there made his ordinary residence there vntil hee died and was buried there The portions giuen by D. Sancho the Great their father were very preiudicial vnto him for that as the elder the soueraignty of all those Estates did belong vnto him of all which D. Garcia had nothing but the crowne of Nauarre the country which is from Bureua and Ogna running from the country of Frias The bounds of the realme of Nauarre vnder D. Garcia Sanches conteyning seuen iurisdictions in ancient time called Castillia the old and moreouer Alaua Nagera and a part of Biscay In the beginning D. Garcia was in reasonable good termes with his brother D. Fernand King of Castille and did assist him as we haue sayd in the warres he had against D. Bermond to settle him in the Realme of Leon but afterward there grew diuisions betwixt them as also betwixt him and D. Ramir so as during his life they were neuer reconciled Hee was married whilest hee was Infant of Nauarre to a French Lady called Estiennette of the house of Foix as the Spaniards say yet is it doubtfull for there is no mention in those times of any Earles of Foix it may bee shee was of the house of Carcassone or Beziers from whence the Earles of Foix did afterwards descend By this wife hee had foure sonnes Genealogie of Nauarre D. Sancho Garcia who was King after his father D. Ramier Lord of Calaorra Torresilla de los Cameros Riuafresca Lea Villoria Trebejan and others D. Fernand the third Lord of lubera Lagienilla and other places and D. Raymond the fourth Lord of Murillo Agon and Agoncillo and foure daughters D. Ermesilda or Ermisenda who was Lady of Villa Mediana and Matres D. Ximena Lady of Corcerous and Hornos The third D. Mayor of Ianguas D. Vrraca or according vnto some Oguenda Lady of Aluerite Lardero Mucrones such was the issue of D. Garcia Sanches of Nagera During whose raigne the Spaniards set vp the inuention of the image of the Virgin Mary of the royal Monastery in the towne of Nagera in honour of whom D. Garcia and his wife D. Estaphana or Estiennette caused the Conuent of the order of Saint Benet to be built Knights of the Lilly in Nauarre and moreouer the King did institute the order of the knights of the Lilly for that in the same picture there was a pot of white Lillies and would haue the Knights carry vpon their cloakes Lillies imbroidred with the needle This was the deuise of the Knights of the order of Nauarre wherewith the Kings children and many Knights of Nauarre and strangers were honoured the which continued in this house of Nauarre The King D. Garcia did greatly honour his nobility and did confirme in the yeere 1043. the preuiledges of the gentlemen in the Valley of Roncal in testimony of their perpetuall fidelity to the Kings of Nauarre their Princes who had done him great seruices against the Moores his neighbors He tooke Calaorra from them in the yeere 1044. An. 1044. a more fortunate warre out of doubt then that which hee had against D. Fernand King of Castille his brother a fatall man to all his kinsfolkes and allies Enuy which torments man by reason of an others prosperity bread a hatred in D. Garcia against his brother D. Fernand the which was augmented by some dispute that was betwixt them for the town of Nagera in Rioje Quarrels betwixt the Kings of Castille and Nauarre whereas D. Garcia kept his Court and the Lands of Bureua which D. Fernand maintayned did belong vnto the crowne of Castille The first and most vnworthy effect whereby this hatred was discouered was a treason plotted against D. Fernand in the towne of Nagera for being come in brotherly loue to visit D. Garcia D. Garcias practise against his brother who was sicke in bed hee was aduertised that by his commandement they ment to stay him and in truth hee had beene put in prison if hee had not escaped this did so incense them one against an other as falling to armes it was one of their deaths This treacherous part was long dissembled by D. Fernand attending some oportunity of reuenge notwithstanding any excuse D. Garcia could make seeing his designe had failed Thus the King of Nauarre liued in continuall hatred with his brethren D. Ramir and D. Fernand as hee had purchased by his bad disposition the dislike of his father and mother a Prince in truth vnworthie to make warre against the Moores for the aduancement of the Christian religion against whom notwithstanding that hee was in bad termes with his brethren hee sent an army and tooke from them the towne of Funes in the yeere of our Lord 1045. For the recouery of his health hee had sent messengers to all the famous Bishops and Abbots of Spaine that by their praiers to God hee might bee cured with this deuotion hee caused himselfe to bee carried to the Monastery of Saint Sauueur of Leyre where hee did beleeue that by the praiers of those religious men his health was restored in recompence whereof he gaue to that house the Conuent of Centurifontes and many other things all this did nothing abate the spleene hee had against his brother D. Fernand who would not be surprized Being returned into his country Castille dissembling the wrong which had beene done him he made warre against the Moores vpon the fronters of Castille where he tooke the townes of Goruas Vado del Rey Aquilera Berlanga and
Nauarre at his pleasure were it either right or wrong In the meane time the King D. Fernand Castille to purge and expiat these outrages gaue bountifully to the Cathedral churches colledges parishes and monasteries of his realme and to others without it for they say hee gaue euery yeere to the Abbay of Clugny The almes deeds of the King of Castille a thousand peeces of gold out his treasury and infinite almes deeds to the poore in particular The tribute which hee demaunded of the King of Toledo was denied him a little before his death but hee went in person against him forced him to acknowledge him for his Lord and to doe him homage and in like manner the other Moores who after his example had rebelled and they hold that hee also led his army along the riuer of Ebro by the confines of Cattelogne to Valence where hauing taken great spoiles from the Moores which raigned in those Marches hee returned victorious into his country His residence was for the most part at Leon for certaine reasons And although that homebred examples did warne him to keepe his Estates vnited in one bodie to haue the more power and authority to withstand the attempts of all enemies yet hee was resolued to assigne his children their portions in his life time To D. Sancho hee appointed the realme of Castille vnto the riuer of Pisuerga D. Fernand 〈…〉 towards Leon and towards Nauarre limited by the riuer of Ebro as hee had augmented it on that side with the preiudice of his Nephew D. Sancho Garcia To D. Alphonso his second sonne he assigned the Kingdome of Leon in the Asturies and Tramsiera vnto the riuer Deua which passeth by Ouiedo and moreouer hee gaue him part of Campos and the towne of Astorga and other lands in Galicia with the towne of Zebrero To D. Garcia the youngest the realme of Galicia withall that hee had conquered in Portugall Hee did also indowe his two daughters assigning to D. Vrraca the eldest the city of Zamora and to D. Eluira the yongest the city of Toro but this diuision was not allowed nor kept by his sonne D. Sancho after his death the which many say was in the yeere of our Lord 1059. A remarkable yeere by the credit which was giuen to the Cardinals of Rome An. 1059. by the dilligence of Pope Nicholas the second a Sauoyard borne who hauing called a councell at Saint Iean de Latran in Rome prouided that from thence forth the Pope should not be chosen but by the suffrages of the Cardinalls 〈…〉 grounding this decree vpon the corruptions troubles and seditions which grew ordinarily vpon the election of Popes holding it lesse dangerous to haue these indirect courses practised by few then by the whole Clergy or the people of Rome This Decree is inserted in the three and twenty distinction and begins In nomine domini c. The writers of the Spanish History are not very certaine of the time of D. Fernands death for those which seeme most exact prolong his life vnto the yeere of our Lord 1067. The place where he died is also very doubtfull but all agree that he was interred at Saint Isidore of Leon dying so full of contrition and repentance for his sinnes as they hold his body for a holy relike in the Kings chappel in that church By this computation he should haue raigned two and thirty yeeres in Castille and thirty or thereabouts in Leon. Wee finde no other thing touching the affaires of this King with forraine Princes but only a contention betwixt his Ambassadors and those of the Emperor Henry at the councell of Florence vnder Victor the second the Emperor pretending that the Kings of Spaine should acknowledge his Maiesty and doe him homage as to their souergaine but this question was decided by the councell where it was sayd that seeing the Kings of Spaine had defended and conquered their Realmes by armes without any aide from the Emperors they were free and exempt from al acknowledgment or subiection to the Empire The Kings of Spaine doe not acknowledge the Empire whereof wee may read the glosse vpon the Chap. Adrianus Papa Distinc. 63. the like preuiledge haue the Kings of France the State of Venice the Kings of England and some others D. Raymond Berenger the elder Earle of Barcelone a wise and valiant Knight of whom we haue made mention Cattelogne defended his country by his armes and wisdome and inlarged his limits to the preiudice of the Moores by the fauour of the other Christian Potentates of Spaine which maee warre against them and the diuisions which were among these Arabian Mahumetists At that time was Seneshall in Cattelogne which was a dignity equal to that of the Constable or Mareshals in France one called Raymond Myron In his time D. Guillen the fat was Earle of Besalu sonne to Bernard Brisefer who dying in the yeere 1052. D. Bernard Guillen his second sonne succeeded him at the same time was Earle of Cerdagne D Guillen Raymond son to Cont Raymond Geoffry who held it long and had two sonnes D. Guillen Iordain who was Earle after him and D. Bernard Guillen who was also Earle of Cerdagne and to make cleere the alliances of this house of Cattelogne we finde that D. Almodis wife to Count Raymond Berenger was issued from the house of the Earles of Carcassone beeing strongly allied especially with the Lords of Bearne and Narbone and the Earles of Tolouse Bigorre and other great houses of France From the same house of Carcassone was issued Emengarde married to the Vicont of Besiers both which in the yeere of our Lord 1068. yeelded vnto Raymond Berenger Earle of Barcelone all the interest and right which they might pretend vnto the Earldomes of Carcassone Tolouse Cominges Rodes and Minerue by meanes whereof this house of Barcelone had great Siegneuries and pretensions in France and from that time did enioy the towne of Carcassone◠about which time the towne of Perpignan was built D. Sancho Fernandes the second of that name and the second King of Castille 6. Castille IN the yeere of our redemption 1067. An. 1067. the realmes of Castille Leon and Galicia were diuided betwixt the children of D. Ferdnand deceased and Castille fell to D. Sancho Fernandes surnamed the valiant Leon to Alphonso Fernandes the second whom they called the Braue and Galicia to D. Garcia with that which hee had conquered in Portugal Adding vnto these D. Sancho Garcia who held the Kingdome of Nauarre and D. Sancho Ramires raigning in Arragon wee finde that at one instant there were raigning in Spaine fiue grand-children to D. Sancho the Great King of Nauarre The Kings of Nauarre and Arragon last named made a league against D. Sancho King of Castille but their quarrels and exploits are obscure and vncertaine at the least they did him no great harme Whilest that D. Sancha the mother of D. Fernands three children liued they continued in reasonable
to inuade an other yet the Moore beeing liberall and courteous gaue him rich presents and sent him backe refuzing to ingage himselfe in that action D. Garcia hauing gathered some men together but no sufficient to effect any matter of importance doubtfull what course to take hee fell to spoile his owne country and making his retreat into Portugal where hee had recouered some places hee did mightily anoy D. Sanchos garrisons but it continued not long for D. Sancho hauing raised an army came against D. Garcia fought with him defeated him and tooke him prisoner neere vnto Saint Iren and sent him to the castle of Lune with a good gard from whence hee departed not vntill his death the which happened in the time of D. Alphonso his Nephew about the yeere of our Lord 1081. who commanded hee should bee buried with irons on his feete at Leon in the Church of Saint Isidore by this meanes the King D. Sancho remained Lord and Maister of all Galicia and other lands of that partage By this it appeeres there is difference in the time and in the meanes of their dispossessing All this did not satisfie D. Sanchos ambition for hee would in like manner strippe his sisters D. Vrraca and D. Eluira of the lands and places which they held by their fathers will and laied siege to the towne of Zamore The inhabitants much affectedto their Princesse doing their indeauors for the defending of her rights had with her consent chosen for their captaine a knight called D. Arias Gonçales who had nourished her vnder whose conduct they made many gallant sallies vpon the besiegers with losse of either side Whilest that D. Sancho was busie at this vaine attempt a desperat knight of Castille called Vellides Ataulphe or Delphos went out of the city with a resolution to kill the King and found such an opportunity as hee strooke him dead with a boarspeare without any let and then retired himselfe to the place from whence hee came D. Sanchos ambition stayed by the iudgment of God notwithstanding that hee was pursued by Cid Ruis Diaz and others Thus the valour and conquests of D. Sancho Fernandes King of Castille which could not bee restrained by two great Kings were made vaine when as hee would attempt against a woman an argument of the vanity of humaine enterprises and that there is a greater power which controules them An. 1073. This death happened in the yeere of our Lord 1073. hauing raigned in Castille about sixe yeeres and nino monthes by reason whereof the army disbanded euery one returning to his home except the Castillans who would needes continue the siege before Zamora for a time The Kings body was carried to the Monastery of Saint Saluador of Ogna The inscription which is in that Monastery shewes that hee died fiue yeeres later but there is an error for that Garibay affirmes that hee had seene ancient writings witnessing that D. Alphonso his brother raigned then in Castille If the Castillan brethren were at discord Nauarre The Brothers of Nauarre at discord they of Nauarre had as little charity amongst them for betwixt D. Sancho Garcia and D. Raymond there was enuy and secreat hatred the which burst out in time for D. Raymond holding some strong places and some in his brothers gouernment and hauing by his bounty drawne many vnto him who were discontented with the present Estate of the realme he rebelled meaning to defend these places hee held but the King D. Sancho and the Nobility of Nauarre did easily expell him But there fell out a new trouble for the Nauarrois to demaund reason of the Kings of Castille who detained from him the territory of Bureua Castille the old and other places D. Raymond beeing thus expelled had no recourse to any Christian Princes his neighbours D. Sancho King of Nauar slaine who as hee doubted would detest his attempts but hee fled vnto the Moores the enemies of our faith and making warre with them against his brother there was a battaile giuen neere to Rueda or Penalen in the which D. Sancho was slaine this was about the yeere of our Lord 1076. An. 1076. hauing raigned two and twenty yeeres he had by his wife D. Plaisance amongst other children D. Ramir Sanches and two D. Garcias D. Ramir being very young vpon the newes of his fathers death put himselfe vnder the protection of D. Sancho Ramires King of Arragon whom also the Noblemen and Knights of Nauarre called to raigne ouer them by reason of the minority of their King to oppose him against the enterprises of the bad D. Raymond who pursued his deseigne to make himselfe King of Nauarre and had already seized vpon Pampelone and vsurped the title of King there but hee was vertuously repulst so as beeing deceiued of his ambitious hopes not knowing what to resolue hee retired to the King of Sarrogosse a Moore where hee past his banished life and by the bounty of this Pagan enioyed certaine Lands and places D. Raymond of Nauarre retiers to the Moores which descended afterwards to a Neece of his called Marquise wife to Aznar Lopes a Knight who made a donation of Saint Maria Maior to the Collegiall Church of Sarragosse in the time of D. Alphonso King of Nauarre called the Warrior the two Garcias bretheren sonnes to the deceased King of Nauarre fled into Castille to the King D. Alphonso the mightiest Prince at that time in Spaine D. Sancho Ramires the second King of Arragon and chosen sixteenth King of Nauarre 7. D. Sancho Ramires had raigned some yeeres in Arragon when as hee was called to the crowne of Nauarre Arragon and Nâ—uarre vnited Hee had married a Lady daughter to the Earle of Vrgel called D. Felicia by whom he had three sonnes D. Pedro who succeeded in his Kingdomes D. Alphonso who raigned after his brother and D. Ramir a religious man in the Monastery of Saint Ponce of Tomeres neere to Besiers and afterwards King by the decease of his brother D. Alphonso Gâ—nealogie of Arragon and Nauarre who left no children He had also one bastard called D. Garcia who was bishop of Iacca In this Prince the two realms of Nauarre and Arragon were vnited 42. yeeres after the separation thereof he was war-like and politique and withall very zelous in the Romaine religion for hee changed the ceremonies of the Gothes which the Christians vsed and brought in those of the Romish church it may be by the councel held at Iacca vnder this King when as the Bishoprike of Arragon was first established there to inrich which seat besides the tithes there were certaine portions appointed out of the conquest which they should get from the Moores of Sarragosse and Tudele and in steed of the ciuill Lawes of the Gothes hee brought in the common law of the Empire into his iurisdiction There is a volume extant of particular lawes giuen by this King to them of Iacca which is inserted amongst the customes
reason of the fort and the obstinate defence of the garrison The same yeere the preuiledges of Nobility with all exemptions were confirmed to them of the valley of Roncal as a testimony that they had beene alwaies valiant and faithfull to their Kings In the yeere 1091. hee forced Abderramen the Moore King of Huesca to pay him tribut An. 1091. he sent succors to his cousin D. Alphonso of Castille in the warre which hee made vpon the marches of Toledo and hauing a deseigne to besiege Sarragossa in time hee beganne a fort neere to the riuer of Ebro fiue leagues from Sarragosse the which he called Castellar Fâ—rt of Castillar buill he wonne afterwards from the Moores Olalla Almenara and Naual and he peopled Luna from whence is descended the family of Luna and to coope vp the King of Huesca hee fortefied the castles of Marcuello Loarre and Algueçar vpon the Marches of Sobrarbre and subiected all that is betwixt it and Montarragon within a league of Huesca wherefore King Abderramen seeing himselfe restrained daily more and more hee had recourse vnto D. Alphonso King of Castille offring to pay him a greater tribute then he did to him of Nauarre if hee would take him into his protection whereunto D. Alphonso gaue eare beeing glad to make himselfe great by what meanes soeuer of such power is ambition in the hearts of men who sparing not the King D. Sancho his cousin he had wrested from him the Siegneury of Guipulcoa which had euer beene vnited to the crowne of Nauarre and had made Earle and Gouernor in his name D. Lopes Dias of Haro Lord of Biscay This manner of proceeding did much displease D. Sancho Ramires who for this cause hauing sent some troupes of soldiers to the fronters of Alaua to entertaine the Castillans he went to the siege of Huesca being resolued to take it at what price soeuer hee was accompanied by his sonnes D. Pedro King of Sobrarbre and D. Alphonso with the forces of Nauatre and Arragon but as he proceeded in this seege with to great vehemency it happened that going to vew the weakest places with his captaines he was shot with a Moorish arrow vnder the arme hole as he lifted vp his arme D. Sancho Ramires King of Arragon slaine at the siâ—ge of Hâ—esca to shew some one that was neere him a place where he thought fit to make his battery The blow was mortall the which D. Sancho feeling he retired to his tent dissembling his paine as much as hee could being there hee caused D. Pedro and D. Alphonso his children to sweare not to depart from the siege vntill they had taken the towne and soone after hee died as they drew the arrowe out of the wound Hee was a valiant Prince and had happely inlarged his dominions by conquests against the Moores but his neighbors Christians were not very faithfull euen D. Alphonso King of Castille Hee loued iustice and Gouernment the towne of Estella was begunne by him the which at this day is one of the three cities of Nauarre and the second in dignity He affected religion much according to the practise of that age for besides many donations made by him to churches and monasteries and the re-edyfying of them that were ruined hee made D. Ramir his youngest sonne a religious man of the order of Saint Benet in the monastery of Saint Ponce of Tomerres D. Pedro his eldest sonne succeeded him in the realme of Nauarre and Arragon in the yeere of our Lord 1094. about this time many monasteries of France obtained exemption from the iurisdiction of Bishops the Monkes beting desirous to enioy greater liberty their Abbors to adorne themselues with crosses and miters like Bishops About that time D. Therefa An. 1094. Portugal eountesse of Portugal had a sonne by Henry of Lorraine or of Besançon at a place called Guymaranes his name was D. Alphonso as the King his grand-father by the mothers side and by surname Henriques who was first King of Portugal and that stemme of all the Kings which haue held that Kingdome vnto this day whose birth is strangly written by the Spanish authors saying that hee had his feete ioyned together behinde the which were set at liberty the fift yeere of his age by the praiers and vowes of his parents in remembrance whereof Cont Henry and his wife finished a church begunne long before at Carquere neere vnto the riuer of Duero dedicated vnto the Virgin Mary the which at this day is a receptacle for lesuites within two leagues of Lamego The first lands which lie betwixt Duero and Minio Porto Braga and Guymaranes and then Coimbra Visco and Lamego with the iurisdiction of Vera. It is to be presumed that he was a wise and valiant Knight and of a great house seeing that D. Alphonso gaue him his daughter in marriage with so great a dowry and that hee did so confidently commit vnto him the fronter of his realmes on that side There is nothing written certaine of his father and mother but that being of the house of the Dukes of Lorraine and Nephew to the Earls of Tolouse we may hold him to be descended from the house of France and moreouer nobly allied to the families of Germany Besides the Prince D. Alphonso Henriques hee had two daughters by D. Theresa his wife D. Theresa Henriques who was married to D. Fernand Paez of Transtamara and D. Sancha Henriques who maried D. Fernand Mendes To returne to the King D. Alphonso Moores and to this new warre which he had against the forces of Affrike beeing ioyned vnto the Moores of Spaine the which hee himselfe had drawne vpon him D. Roderigo Diaz de Binar called Cid hauing the gard of Toledo and of al that fronter finding himselfe somewhat eased by the departure of King Ioseph Aben-Tefin who was returned into Affrike he propounded to attempt Sarragosse from the seege whereof D. Alphonso had beene diuerted by the comming of the Moores Almoranides He chose a fit occasion for the Sarragossans their King Ioseph Aben-Hut being terrified with the forts which the King of Nauarre had built about them Cid Ruis Dliax receiued into Sarragosse as Protector by the which they did see themselues daily restrained anoied they did willingly receiue Cid as their protector King Aben-Hut was an enemy to the King of Valencia and so was the King of Denia either of them seeking to seize vpon his Estate but Cid carried himselfe so wisely as hee preserued the realm for King Hiaja who was a friend to the King of Castille his Lord hee repulst the King of Denia and forced the Earle of Parcelone who at the perswasion of the King of Sarragosse had beseeged Valence to retire notwithstanding the Earl hauing receiued great somes of money from the King of Denia to support him against Cid continuing to forrage and spoile the country of Valence he was vanquished by Cid in an incouÌ„ter to whom afterwards he became
a great friend as we wil shew and the happinesse of this captaine was such as the King of Denia beeing dead at the same time his son successor did so honour his vertue and wisdome as he made himselfe his vassal and was so beloued of him as hauing reconciled him with King Hiaja he wrought so as he conuersed familiary with him and in so great fauor as he gouerned both the King and the Estate of Valence as if himself had bin Lord. Aben-Hut King of Sarragosse died also about that time leauing one son called Almizaron heire of his Kingdome at whose aduancement the Estate beeing somewhat troubled Cid was intreated to come to Sarragosse the which he did In the meane time there fell out great garboiles in the Court of Valence by the enuy emulation of two Moores whereof the one was a captaine vnder Cid called Aben-Alfaras and the other a certaine prouost called Aben-laf This Prouost was so transported with hatred as hee called the Almorauiâ—â—s by their means made himself Master of the town forcing King Hiaja to flie whom he pursued hauing intelligence that hee had carried away many rich Iewels tooke him and flue him miserably giuing him a vilde vnworthy sepulcher Such was the end of Hiaja King of Valence who had raigned the last of the Moores at Toledo Aben laf hauing by this means gotten so goodly an estate kept a great gaâ—d about him as such doe commonly as will rule by â—â—rany beeing in the meane time vnder the soueraignty of the Almorauides but he did not long enioy the fruits of his wickednesse for Cid being aduertised of this base treason parted from Sarragosse with such forces as he had and came before Valence to see if the hatred of the tyrant would moue the inhabitants to reuolt There came many Noblemen Mootes of the country thether to him among which were Aboeca Abeni-Lopes and Aben Racin who ioyned with him mooued thereunto by his vertue and valour then was the city fiercely assaulted so as the inhabitants and their commander Aben Iaf receiuing no succors from the Almorauides as they attended beeing vnwilling to giue eare to the secret practises of the King of Sarragosse who perswaded them vnder hand to giue themselues vnto him the which was well knowne to Cid whose vigilancy was great they were forced to yeeld vpon condition that the garrison of Almorauides should bee thrust out and that Aben Iaf should hold the towne of Valencia of Cid and should pay him tribute yet could not the Valentians agree well with Aben Iaf the murtherer of their King but raysing daylie new troubles and seditions against him hee fortefied himselfe in a great quarter of the towne and callad Cid giuing him entrance on that side Whereat the Valentians beeing much mooued they fell to open rebellion and intrenching on their side they put themselues vertuously in defence and called backe the Almorauides to their succors but the city beeing beseeged of all sides by Cids army and all the passages stopped they could not enter into the towne but returned without fighting wherefore the beseeged were forced to subiect themselues vnder the obedience of Aben Iaf who shewing himselfe trecherous and breaking his promise with Cid hee gaue him occasion soone after to teturne to Valencia Valence taken by Cid Ruis Diaz and to subdue it for himselfe the which hee did by a seege of ten monthes reducing the towne and the inhabitants to such extremity for want of victuals and by continual assaults as they yeelded to his mercy hauing all the places and forts already in his deuotion Beeing maister of the city hee put Aben Iaf to death by iustice and sent a way the Moores which were suspect vnto him the which soone after brought a great army of Almorauides out of Andalousia and other countries which they held in Spaine against Cid and his new conquests but hee repulst them valiantly and so setled himselfe as during his life it returned out vnder the Moores subiection these things were effected by Cid Ruis Diaz of Biuar after the returne into Affrike of King Ioseph Aben Tefin the chiefe of the family of the Almorauides Arabians About the yeere of our Lord 1096. An. 1096. beganne that famous expedition of Christian Princes to the holy Land Expedition inâ—â— Syrâ—a or the Holy Warre decreed by Pope Vrbain the second at the councell of Clermont in the which there went infinit numbers out of France England Italy and Germany vnder the conduct of diuers Princes and Noblemen Few made this voyage out of Spaine by reason of the warres which they had against the Affrican Moores by whom they were greatly anoyed Onely D. Raymond Earle of Tolouse and Saint Gyles ioyned in these Leuant warres leading with him some small number of Spanish Knights and was followed by D. Eluira his wife who was brought in bed in the East countries of a sonne who was baptized in the water of Iordain and for that cause was named Alphonso Iordain D. Bernard Archbishop of Toledo beeing desirous to goe was crost and went into the East recommending his charge to certaine regular Chanoins of Saint Augustine who after his departure chose an other Archbishop whereof D. Bernard aduertised beeing not yet gone out of Spaine hee returned sodainely and passing by the Monastery of Sahagun he tooke with him certaine Monkes with the which he went to Toledo where hee punished the Chapter for their inconstancy deposed the new Archbishop and placed the Monkes of the Order of Saint Benet in his church the which continued there many yeeres This done beeing desirous to see the world hee continued his course and came to Rome to receiue the Holy fathers blessing meaning to proceed in his voiage but they say the Pope would not suffer him but fent him backe into Spaine knowing him to be fit for the affaires of the Romish Catholike churchâ— so D. Bernara returned beeing absolued of his vow He past through France Prelats of the French nation giuen to the Churches in Spainâ— from whence hee carried with him many men of fame amongst others one named Girard borne at Moysi whom hee made Chantre of his church afterwards he was Archbishop of Braga and canonized for a Saint one Peter borne in Berry whom he made Arch-deacon and was afterwards Bishop of Osma put also in the numbers of Saints Bernard of Agen the second Chantre and after Bishop of Siguença and in the end Bishop of Saint Iaques Peter also of Agen second Arch-deacon of Toledo and since bishop of Segobia Raymond of Agen who succeeded in the Bishoprike of Ofina and in the end to the same D. Bernard in his dignity of Toledo an other Peter who was Bishop of Palence and Ierosme of Perigueux whom hee made Bishop of Valencia arriuing in that city soone after that D. Roderigo Diaz de Biâ—ar had conquered it to whom he was an assistant to order clergy matters Hee carried with him also one Bernard
were as a spur to the naturall vertue and bountie wherewith God had endowed him as much as any Prince of his time for he was actiue hardy and valiant and withall wise mild capable and very deuour In his time flourished the Order of Cisteaux The vertues of King D. Alphonso the 8. and the religion of S. Bernard of the which he was carefull and a great benefactor so as they attribute to him the building of most part of the Monasteries of that habit which are in Spaine and hee was no lesse carefull to repayre the ruines of many townes and castels which had beene destroyed by the continuall courses of the Arbians he built and peopled new and made many good lawes and ordonances for the administration of iustice and gouernement of townes so as for these excellent vertues he was fauoured of God beloued and respected of his subiects and greatly feared of his enemies It was about his comming to the Crowne Zamora made a bishopricke that his vncle Calixfus erected an Episcopall sea at Zamora whereof D. Bernard Arcl-deacon of Toledo was the first Bishop whereas now the Sepulcher of Yllefonce Arch-bishop of Toledo is worshipped with diuine honours found as the Histories say by a shepheare a testimonie worthie of the inuention At the same time which was about the yeare 1125. the church ofs Iames in Gallcia was made a Metrapolitan An. 1125. by the same Pope Calixtus S. Iames of Compostella made an Archbishopricke in fauour of his nephew king D. Alphonso who shewed great deuotion to this Saint for that he had had his breeding and past most of his youth in Galicia The first Archb. of that place was Don Diego Gelmirio aboue-named borne in the same Diocesse vnder which Archb. were appointed 12. Bishops Salamanâ—a Auila Plaisance Zamâ—ra Badajos Cite Roderigo Coria Lugo Astorga Orenâ—e Mondoguedo and Tâ—y Then began the Abbey of S. Dominike of Calçado to increase to the which was giuen by Don Alphonso the Warriour king of Nauarre the place called Olgabarte or otherwise Iubarre with great freedomes and exemptions This Church was made subiect to the Bishop of Calaorra and at that time there was an Abbot and Monkes there whereas since there were Chanoins placed and in the end it was made a Cathedrall church the which is now a towne seated betwixt Nagera and Vilhorado and in the beginning was but a small borough called Malburgueâ—e the which is now by corruption called Margubette and is ioyned to the Cathedrall Church of that place the which at this present is called the Bourg of Saint Dominicke of Calçada King D. Alphonso the warriour had giuen some respite vnto the Moores Nauarre and Arragon vnto the yeare 1125. when as he led his armie against them of Denia and Valencia and spoyled the countrie then passing into Murcia and the marches of Carthagena hee attempted Alcaras but could not take it wherefore pursuing his good fortune hee ouer-run the territories of Granado then turning by Cordoua as he prepared to beseege it he was diuerted by an armie of Moores Almorauides to whome hee gaue Battaile and defeated them Yet he did not thinke it fit to stay then at this seege but returned laden with spoyles into his countrie whither he led many Christians Musarabes retired out of the tyrannie of die Moores to whom he gaue dwellings and lands with exemptions and titles of Nobilitie for them and theirs In Portugal Portugal Count D. Alphonso Henriques did in like manner annoy the Moores vpon his frontier An. 1127. from whome he tooke Leyra in the yeare 1127. the which hee gaue to the Monasterie of Saint Croix in the towne of Coimbra built by him as the first fruites of his victories Hee tooke in like manner the towne of Torrslnouas The contrarie happened in Cattelogne whereas the Moores whilest that the king of Nauarre and Arragon did ouer-runne their westerne countrie were furiously entred and committed infinite spoyles the which might well bee one of the reasons which made the seege of Cordoua to cease and caused the king of Nauarre and Arragon to retire to come and succor D. Raymond Arnould Earle of Barcelone In these warres D. Alphonso king of Nauarre Nauarre and Arragon had great ayde and assistance of many Knights and Noblemen of France that were neighbours to the Pyrenees to whome a great part of the victories obtained by him against the Moores are attributed by the testimonie of the Spanish Authors themselues In this voyage of Cattelogne hee led with him the infant D. Garcia sonne and heire to D Ramir Sanches to whom by right of succession the kingdome of Nauarre did belong for that he was issued from the direct and lawfull line of the king D. D. Garcia rigeâ— hetre of Nauarre Sancho Garcia his grandfather This young Prince was lest by his dying father in the gouernement of D. Sol widow to the infant D. Pedro daughter to Cid his Aunt by the mothers side by whome he was bred up in his youth in all vertue and religion and they called him the Lord of Monçon After this expedition the king peopled the new Bourg of Pampelone which he had caused to be built neere vnto the old towne and was called at that time Iruna that is to say good towne hee placed French Inhabitants there taken out of the souldiers which had followed him in the warres against the Moores whem he would reward for their good seruices in lodging them in this new increase which he had made of the towne of Pampelone giuing them the priuiledges and exemptions of the towne of Iaca. Some thinke they came from Cahors in Quercy he also gaue priuiledges to the Inhabitants of Maragnon During these things Castile the Countesse of Portugall who was a prisoner beeing too hardly intreated by D. Alphonso Henriques her sonne had meanes to acquaint D. Alphonso Raymond king of Castile her nephew with her afflictions and to intreate him to imbrace her cause and to fâ—ee her from that hard prison wherein shee was detained in recompence whereof the offered to make him her heire of the Earledome of Portugal D. Alphonso desirousâ— to ioyne this peece to his demaynes came in person with a great armie to deliuer this woman forgetting that the Earle had assisted him in the warre which he had against his mother D. Vrraca Queene of Castile and Leon but hee had a sharpe incounter in the fields of Valdues along the bankes of the riuer of Limia where beeing vanquished by the armie of D. Alphonso Henriques his cousin hee saued himselfe being hurt in the fooâ—e in the territorie of Leon. Beeing cured and hauing raysed another army he entred againe into Portugal being desirous to recouer his honour and to force the Portugals to acknowledge him and to do him the homage which they ought him as King of Leon. Beeing arriued at Guymaranes where the Earle was he beseeged it and did all hee could to take the
with matters belonging to a monasticke and sollitary life then to gouerne a Kingdome besides they grew iealous that the Arragonois choosing a King of the bloud royall of Arragon they would by this meanes aspire to the chiefe places of fauour and honour in Court wherefore these things being propounded in priuate assemblies by D. Sancho de Rosas Bishop of Pampelone Ladron de Gueuara sonne to Ygnes chiefe of the house of Gueuara in Alaua William Aznares of Oteyça Fortunion Ynigues of Leete Ximen Aznares of Torres and others it was concluded that in steed of going to the generall assembly at Monçon the Estates of Nauarre should assemble at Pampelone the which hauing performed with great diligence they did choose D. Garcia Ramires Lord of Monçon for King of Nauarre who was sonne to the infant D. Ramir grand-child to D. Sancho Gartia great grand-child to D. Garcia the 6. who was son vnto the king D. Sancho the great D. Garcia was at Monçon at the time of this election with the Arragonois assisting at their assembly for the election of a future King hauing no thought to aspire to that degree when as Willi Azneares of Oteya Ximen Aznares of Torres beeing sent by the assembly of Pampelone came to aduertise him of that which had past and led him secretly away to Pampelone So D. Garcia Ramires was established King of Nauarre in October 1134. being about forty yeeres old D. Ramir the second of that name and fifth King of Arragon 11. Arragon VVHen as the Arragonois vnderstood that there was a King in Nauarre they sodainely made choise of D. Frere Ramir for their King who had beene Monke at Tomires appointed to bee Bishop of Roda and Barbastro hauing been before of Bourgos and Pampelone and in like manner had beene chosen Abbor of Sahagun in Castille and was a priest as D. Rodrigo Ximenes the Archbishop doth write To his election was added a dispensation from Pope Ancletus then raigning By this meanes the Realmes of Nauarre and Arragon which had beene vnited eight and fifty yeeres since the King D. Sancho Ramires were seperated in these two Kings D. Frere Ramir the new King of Arragon had need of a more quiet estate in respect of his breeding vp in Saint Benets order for thinking to raigne in Arragon hee found a rough aduersary in D. Alphonso Raymond King of Castille wherefore hee retired himselfe into the mountaines of Sobrarbre hauing neither force nor courage to oppose himselfe against him so as to settle and to assure himselfe he was forced to vse mildet meanes then armes and come to prayers and intreaties imploying mediators which were fit to treat and pleasing to his enemy Amongst others which labored to make a peace betwixt these two Princes were D. Oldegaire Archbishop of Tarragone but both he and the rest lost their labours Saragossa seized on by the king of Castille for the King of Castille beeing come neere vnto Sarragossa the chiefe city of that Estate hee was receiued and commanded there as King hauing in his company D. Raymond Berenger Earle of Barcelone his wiues brother and Roger Earle of Foix who had married the other sister of Queene D. Berenguela D. Alphonso Iordain Earle of Tolouse Armingol Earle of Vrgel Mâ—r Earle of Pallars Berenger Arch-deacon of Toledo and many other Knights of Castille Arragon Cattelogne yea and of France Hauing with this company disposed of the affaires of Arragon he returned to Leon Casfille whereas he made an assembly of Prelats and other chiefe men of his Estates whereas hee caused himselfe to bee crowned Emperor of Spaine in the Cathedral church with the solemnities and ceremonies requisit in so great an act Alphonso Raymond King of Castille crowned Emperor of Spaine receiuing the holy vnction and the crowne from D. Raymond Archbishop of Toledo which title was afterwards confirmed as some Spaniards write by Pope Innocent the second although that the Kings his Predecessors who had vsurped the like title for that they were soueraigne Lords in their countries without acknowledging any other secular power had not affected the like confirmation Some say this coronation was at Toledo it may bee it was a reiteration of that pompe and ceremony in Castille and the territory of Toledo which were distinct Kingdomes and different from that of Leon or it may bee a second coronation as the custome is in the Empire of Germany They adde moreouer that the name of Imperiall was confirmed to that city by King D. Alphonso the eight Toledo the Imperial towne and armes giuen it the which it carries at this day which are an Emperor in a roab of gold sitting in a throne holding a globe in his left hand and in his right a sword In this pompe the church of Toledo had by guift from the Emperor D. Alphonso the towne of Alcala the old in the yeere 1135. It was a fort built by the Moores An. 1135. and ruined in the former warres wherefore they hold that D. Raymond the Archbishop did afterwards build the towne of Alcala de Henares whereas it is at this day and whereas in old time the towne of Compâ—utum stood This Spanish Emperor seeing himselfe in that greatnesse strooke against the same stone where his Predecessors had grosly stumbled and came to diuide his realmes amongst mongst his children Castille and Leoa diuided making them Kings being ill aduised by bad councel to D. Sancho the eldest he gaue Castille and Toledo and to D. Fernand Leon and Galicia To D Sancho hee extended the ancient lymits of Castille towards Leon vnto the towne of Sahagun by Moral de la Roine Tordehumes Vregna and Cauillas To the second he asigned the Lands of Leon and Galicia with that part of the Asturies which lies from the riuer of Oua vnto Galicia These seeds of warre and discord were laied by the bad councel of the Earles D. Almeric de Lara otherwise called Manriques sonne to D. Pedro de Lara and D. Fernand of Transtamara great Noblemen who thought to maintaine the greatnesse and reputation of their houses the better by these parrages and from the troubles which might ensue then if there were but one Monarke in Spaine an ordinary practice in great Christian Estates this done D. Alphonso returned into Arragon D. Garcia Ramires King of Nauarre seeing the successe of the King of Castille in the countries of Nauarre and Arragon Nauarre doubting hee should not be able to resist the great power of this new Emperor D. Alphonso especially if hee made himselfe maister of D. Ramirs Kingdome as hee was very likely hee resolued to purchase a peace and his friendship by some submission vnto him for his realme of Nauarre D. Alphonso then being returned into Arragon Nauarre 〈◊〉 salto Casille after the ceremonies of his eoronation these two Princes had an enterview at Pradilla with great shewes of loue where their accord and league was confirmed King D. Ramir
were some gentlemen of his country beganne to abandon him to follow the partie of Arragon retyring to Ramir who entertained them and assigned them lands in Arragon Of which number was D. Caxal a man of great quality in those daies hauing lands in both realmes so as hee quit them in Nauarre to serue the King of Arragon but as hee carried himselfe verie passionatly in these quarrells hee fell soone after into a great danger for beeing fent by D. Ramir to the Emperour D. Alphonso of Castille to confrme a peace with him that hee might with more liberty attend the affaires of Nauarre as hee past vnaduisedly neere vnto the lands of D. Garcia beeing aduertised thereof he caused him to be taken at a place called Cares a little Bourg the which is now become a towne named Pont de la Roine vpon the riuer of Arga about the which growes the best wine of all the countrie of Nauarre D Caxal was put in a streight prison where he continued long but the Abbot of Saint Saluador of Leyre who was his kinsman and friend gaue vnto the king all the Iewels and treasure of his Abbey to redeeme him wherefore after his deliuerie he shewed himselfe very thankeful to this Monasterie and gaue vnto it all the lands he had in Tudele All matters betwixt the Kings of Castile and Arragon were reconciled Arragon and there was an interview of these two Princes at Alagon whereas D. Ramor did acknowledge to hold his Realme in fee and did homage to D. Alphonso which submission continued some yeares Such was the dexteritie of the King of Castile hauing reduced these two Kings vnder his Soueraigntie Dexterity of D. Alphonso King of Castille and as it were feudataries of his Empire that although they had a great desire to inuade one another yet he kept them from all open hostility as well by his authoritie as by other meanes sometimes restraying them by promises sometimes by threates presuming that if they continued in that estate he should haue them more at his commandement then if one increasing with the ruine of another he would grow so great as he might rebell and deny him the homage which hee had sworne King D. Ramir presently after he had left the Monasterie married with a dispensation from the Pope for that he had sung Masse to a French Ladie called D. Ignes or Agnes daughter to William Earle of Poictiers and Duke of Guienne who dyed in the yeare 1136. going in pilgrimage to Saint Iames for else his sister as some hold by whom he had the Infanta D. Petronilla who was afterwards married to the Earle of Barcelone he did not long enioy his wife after whose death desiring to quit the affaires of the world he sent his onely daughter to D. Alphonso King of Castile to be bred vp in his Court with the Queene D. Berenguela notwithstanding that the Noblemen of Arragon brought her backe againe saying that shee did not find her selfe well in Castile About that time there was a knight retired into Arragon called D. william Raymond of Moncada Arragon and Caâ—telgâ—e vited by marriage Senesbal of Cattelogne who had fled for certaine outrages which he had committed By him there was a treaty of marriage begun betwixt the Infanta D. Petronilla heire of Artagon and D. Raymond Berenger Earle of Barcelone his Lord the which was afterwards accomplished and in recompence of so great aseruice the Seneshall obtained his pardon and his dignity which was to bee chiefe and captaine of the horsemen It is not certaine when this marriage was effected but it is probable that it was neere the end of King D. Ramir for that the Infanta Petronille was onely two or three yeeres old when as the King left the gouernment of the Realine An. 1137. to returne to his religious order which was in the yeere of our Lord 1137. three yeeres after his election and promotion to the crowne at which time the authors write that this marriage was concluded by words De futuro the conditions amongst others were That the Earle should not take vpon him the title of King but should onely call himselfe Prince of Arragon Conditions of the treaâ—y and Earle of Barcelone but that the children which should descend of this marriage should bee called Kings of Arragon That the Earle should carry in chiefe the first and most ancient armes of Arragon which was a crosse argent in a field azure in all actions of warre but hee might carry those of Barcelone in his shield and ensignes hauing foure bends gueules or a field or yet the ensigne bearers should bee of Arragon that the Arragonois should take the deuise of Saint George This treaty beeing made and concluded in Barbastro by the King beeing assisted by the Noblemen of Arragon and the Earle of Barcelone hee was receiued in quality of Regent of the Realme of Arragon with the which Cattelogne remained vnited a hundred and three yeeres after that Arragon was made a realme and two hundred fifty and three yeeres after that there had beene hereditary Earles in Cattelogne This done King D. Ramir gâ—â—ing ouer all administration and gouernment as in a royall estate and habit hee had alwaies carried a Monkes heart hee retired into a Monastery which hee had built in the Parish of Saint Peter the olde at Huesca there to spend the remainder of his daies religiously with the Chaplins This Prince is taxed of cowardise and great cruelty Cruelty of the King D Ramir being transported with continual iealousies his deeds doe witnesse it for that by the councel of the Abbot of Saint Ponce of Tomeres in Languedoc he cut off the heads of Lepe Ferencio Rodrigo Ximenes Pedro Marlines and Fernand Gomes all of the house of Lata Federic Lisane Pedro Verga Gyles Atrosil Pedro Çarnel Garzia Pigna Raymond de Fosses Pedro Luesia Michel Azlario and Sancho Fontona all noble men of great houses onely vpon a conceit that hee was conteâ—â—ed by them This execution was done at Huesca They hold that this yeere 1137. the towne of Lerida held by the Moores was attempted but not taken by the Earle D. Raymond Berenger who seeing himselfe aduancedin dignity greatnesse and forces beeing Prince of Arragon and Earle of Barcelone would also inlarge his estates and ioyne vnto it the realme of Nauarte reuiuing the pretended title of his father in law D. Frere Ramir for the effecting whereof hee had many treaties with the Emperour D. Alphonso of Castille whom hee found alwaies fauourable by the mediation of the Queene D. Berenguela his sister so as beeing prouoked by the Earle and no lesse by his owne ambition hee led an army against D. Sancho Ramires whom hee found well attended to make head against him betwixt Cortes and Gallur where it pleased God to stay these armies from fighting by the meanes of some good men who did mediate some kinde of accord for that time Notwithstanding Count Raymond
him fiue little shields Azure representing the Standards of those fiuekings which he had vanquiished in a great scutchon argent placing the small scutchions like a crosse through deuotion in signe of our Sauiours fiue wounds vpon the crosse adding moreouer to euery one of them fiue deniers argent which make in all 25. the which with the fiue scutchons made the number of thirty representing in some sort the thirty pence which Iudas receiued to betray his Master our Lord and Sauiour Iesus Christ it is the allegory and spirituall interpretation of the armes of Portugal to the which was since added a border gueules charged with castles or in the time of D. Sancho the second of that name King of Portugal for some causes which we will hereafter specefie After the defeat of these fiue Arabian Kings who you must vnderstand were vassals to Alboxli Aben-Teâ—in the great Miralmumin of Affrike King D. Alphonso returned with his victorious and rich army to Coimbra being then the chiefe city of his Estate In this happie successe of his affaires Prâ—â—â—iscs 〈◊〉 the Countesse of Portugal against her son D. Theresa his mother beeing a prisoner sought to crosse him treating with D. Alphonso King or Emperour of Castille for her deliuery and restitution and moreouer by her instruments shee made great complaintes at Rome to Pope Innocent the third accusing her son of cruelty and impiety so as the Pope sent the Bishop of Coimbra into Portugal beeing then at Rome with charge to enioyne the King by the Apostolike authority and in his name to set the Countesse at liberty which the sonne refusing to obay the Bishop did interdict the citty of Coimbra and returned to Rome stealing away secretly in the morning without the Kings priuity wherewith beeing incensed hee would haue forced the Chapter to proceed to the Election of a new Bishop wherein hee was not obayed so as hee committed many outrages wherepon the Pope sent a Caradinall Legat vnto him to correct him but hee lost his time for the Countesse continued still in prison beeing very expedient and necessary for the good and quiet of the country For this the Cardinal did interdict all Portugal and then tooke his way towards Rome but hee was pursued by the King who did greatly feare these interdictions and hauing ouertaken him betwixt Coimbra and Vera neere vnto the Comanderie of Poyares hee forced him to disanul this interdiction and moreouer to graâ—t him whatsoeuer hee desired partly by force and threats and partly by perswasions Whilest hee was in this debate with the Church Ismael or Ismar who had beene vanquished came vpon the towne of Leyra Leyrataken by the Moores belonging to the Monkes of Saint Croix of Coimbra the which for that it was ill garded by a Knight called Payo Guttieres who was there in garrison for the Pior fell againe into the Moores power whereof the Abbot being aduertised leauing his frocke and monkes weed hee went to horse-backe with a good troupe of souldiars where hauing spoiled the Moores country hee seized vpon Ronches soone after King D. Alphonso Henriques came and laied siege to Leyra and tooke it since which time he depriued the Monkes of the Temporality of this place and of Ronches also leauing them only the profits of the spiritualty The warre betwixt Nauarre and Arragon was hot at this time Nauarre but D. Raymond Prince of Arragon found himselfe troubled not only against the Moores which were neighbors to Arragon and Cattelogne from whom hee tooke Chalamera and Alcolea vpon the riuer of Cinca in the yeere 1143. but also against some knights of Prouince which were enemies to D. Berenger Raymond his brother An. 1143. hauing seized vpon some places and beene the cause of great troubles so as hee was forced to goe himselfe in person wherefore his country was much anoyed by the Nauarrois who finding all assured towards Castille did what they listed yet at his returne hee had some final reuenge and tooke the fort of Sos. The peace betwixt the Castillans and Nauarre Confirmation of the peace betwixt Naurre and Castille being setled and entertained it was againe fortified by the marriage of the King D Garcia Ramires with D. Vrraca bastaâ—d daughter to the Emperour D. Alphonso by whom hee had the Infanta D. Sancha aboue mentionedâ— and wee must not doubt but that which some haue left written of this Kings third marriage with the daughter of D. Lope Dias de Haro is a mere fiction It is likely the towne of Haro was built at that time where of the Lords of Biscay and there successors carried the name from whence are descended many worthy knights and great personages in Castille and Leon. The realme of Nauarre at that time had larger bounds then it had since hauing no means to augment them vpon the Moores for that the realmes of Arragon and Castille lay betwixt both so as the Arragonois Castillans and Cattelans were to make warre against them as frontering vpon Valencia and other their lands and Siegneuries Yet the Kings of Nauar which haue bin since were so far from extending of their lymits as they haue beene often restrained by the violence and too great power of the Kings of Castille About the yeere 1146. An D. 1146. Alphonso Emperour of Spainel resouled to make warre with all violence against the Moores of Andalusia by reason of the seditions and reuolâ—s which were in Affrike against the Almorauides whose History it is needfull to relate 16. Alboali Aben-Tesin whom some will haue to bee Auicenne the great Phylosopher Moores whose workes wee read but without any ground raigning ouer the Moores of Affrike and Spaine the third King or Miralmumin of the race of the Almorauides a Moore of Affrike Troubles in the Moores estate in Affrike by Imperstition dyvinations called Aben-Thumert very learned in Astrology could a certaine young-man called Abdelmon that he found by the starres he should get the crowne of the Arabians â—and therefore hee aduised him to meete with these heauenly influences and to prepare himselfe to receiue this great good which they had promised him This man although hee were of a base and vile condition whose father got his lyuing by making of pots and other earthen vessel yet hee was neither faint-hearted nor without ambition wherefore hee gaue such credit to that which the Astrologer had deliuered vnto him as leauing his house and trade hee acquainted himselfe with a certaine religious Moore a Doctor in the law of Mahumet and with all eloquent in the Arabian tongue and therefore much esteemed amongst all the Affrican Moores to whom hee imparted the prognostication of Aben Thumert intreating him to councell him and to assist him in a matter of so great importance assuring him that is hee attained to that which hee aspired hee would make him the chiefe man amongst the Arabians next vnto himselfe This Doctor who was called Almohadi tickled with the hope of greatnesse
and had a Lieutenant called Raderigo Pelaes a wise Knight About that time died D. Roderigo Gomes sonne to Don Gomes of Candespina one of the greatest Noblemen in Castile whose Tombe is yet to be seene in the Cloyster of Saint Sauuiour of Ogna and the towne of Surâ—ta was peopled with Christians Musarabes which came out of Calatajub Sarragossa and other parts of Arragon The Earle Don Raymond Berenger sought all meanes possible to seaze vppon Nauarre Arragon so desirous he was to ioyne it vnto Arragon importuning the Emperour Don Alphonso continually to declare himselfe an open enemie to D. Sancho so as in the yeare 1156. 1156. there was a new League made betwixt them to vndertake this warre where among other Articles for the better fortifying of their friendship there was a future marriage concluded betwixt Don Raymond the young Infant of Arragon who was afterwards called Don Alphonso and D. Sancho daughter to the Emperour Don Alphonso by his second wife Dona Rica daughter to Vladislaus king of Pologne whom he had married in the yeare 1151. yet they could neuer perswade the Emperour Don Alphonso to hurt the king of Nauarre whom he loued but rather assisted him vnderhand The same League was renued at Toledo in the yeare 1157. after Don Raymonds returne out of Prouence The occasion of which voyage was to defend his Nephew heire to his Brother Don Berenerg Raymond who beeing in a manner dispossest of his Estate by the enemies of their house which had slaine his father in an incounter had need of his ayde Hee repulsed the young Earles enemies assured his Estates and brought him into Cattelogne there to bee brought vp And for that in those troubles of Prouence the Knights and Commanders of Saint Iohn of Hierusalem who were growne mercenarie in these Christian warres did intermeddle hee gaue them large reuenues in Cattelogne After the renewing of this League we find no mention of any worthie act done by this earle but that hee debaucht some faithlesse and trecherous Knights which fled out of Nauarre and Arragon yea one of the greatest called Garcia Almorauit who came vnto him to Lerida and there made himselfe his vassall and receiued from the Earle the title of Lord of Ronceuaux Vrros and Obanos which were not in his power wherefore it is to be presumed that from that time hee sought to gouerne his Estates peaceably seeing he could not get the Crowne of Nauarre and with this desire he ended his dayes after all his vaine attempts against this Kingdome Soone after this last assembly at Toledo the king of Castile was ingaged in warre against the Moores of Andalusia which made him perchance neglect that of Nauarre besides He did not greatly affect it 19 The troubles of Affricke beeing past as we haue sayd Moores Abdelmon established Miralmumin of the Arabians and the Almohades in credit by the ruine of the Almorauides The Preacher Almohadi would also haue the Moores of Spaine submit themselues to this yoake wherefore leauing Aben Thumert the Astrologian at Maroc hee past with Abdelmon into Spaine with great numbers of souldiers beeing puft vp with pride by their late victorie against their enemies They found no great resistance there for the pettie Kings and Gouernors of Prouinces and townes in Spaine beeing prest by the Christians and too weake to make head against them seeing the race of the Almorauides of Affricke extinct from whom they might haue expected some succors they sought nothing more then support to maintaine themselues in their authoritie and greatnesse Change of Religion among the Arabians in Spaine which is most commonly the chiefe god of great men of this world and therefore as men which regarded not Religion but for a colour and for their owne priuate commodities so as leauing the interpretation of the Alcaron they embraced the new doctrine of Almohadi without any opposition thinking to preserue themselues by that meanes And as this Impostor did vomit foorth greater blasphemies and impieties then his Predecessors had done against the true Religion they became violent and furious persecutors of the Christians so as the poore Musarabes who had had some peace of conscience liuing among the Moores and had there exercised their religion without any violence done vnto them for many yeares were in great perplexitie beeing now persecuted by these new Sectaries of Almohadi both in their persons and goods with all kind of rigor for that they would not yeeld to their superstitions so as either by the reuolts or by death or by the continuall flying away of these poore people all the townes of Spaine which were held by the Moores were vnpeopled of Christians Chrisâ—ians persecuted by the Moâ—â—es in Spaine who for aboue 400. yeares had preserued themselues inuoking though with little knowledge the name of Iesus Christ. The gouernement of the Almohades in Spaine continued in Abdelmon and his successors 52. yeares vntill that notable battle in the fields of Tholousa called by another name of the mountaines of Muradal or of Vbeda Abdelmon hauing aspired to that which he pretended held his royall seate in the cittie of Maroc and shewed himself a profitable Prince and pleasing to the Mores notwithstanding that he was a Potters sonne and for his chiefe Councellors the Astrologian Aben Thumert and the Preacher Almohadi who dying within few months after this conquest was by the commandement of King Abdelmon buried with pompe and royall honours in a sumptuous Tombe neare vnto the cittie of Maroc whereas since the foolish multitude holding him to be some great Prophet and a messenger of God made prayers and vowes in all their necessities as amongst the Christians they had recourse vpon all occasions to the sepulchers either true or fained of Apostles holy Confessors and Marryrs of the name of Iesus Christ. This passage of the Almohades bred a great alteration in Spaine whereas many Moores which held their countries in fee and homage of Christian Princes reuolted The Emperour D. Alphonso led first an armie of Christians against this new Estate Castile Death of the Emperor D. Alphonso in the yeare 1157. beeing accompanied by his two sons D. Sancho and D. Fernand who had the titles of Kings in Andalusia he recouered the towne of Baeça which had beene lost and tooke Quesada and Andujar But he did not long enioy this victorie with his subiects for bringing backe his armie towards Toledo hee fell suddenly sicke the which as he past the mountaine or streight of Muradal did so increase as hee was forced to light at a place called Fresnedas where he dyed in the armes of D. Iohn Archbishop of Toledo and of his sonne D. Fernand D. Sancho remayning behind to guard those places which he had newly conquered Hee was a worthie Prince but too ambitious a great fauourer and benefactor of the Clergie a friend to the people and a seuere punisher of the insolencies of great men of whom the Spaniards write this
his sword presently and gaue this poore Pedro Diaz a deadly wound and then fled the gard and other soldiars making shew to follow him towards the towne where hee was receiued and knowne by his old Master Lope d' Arenas who nothing suspecting Dominguillo was trecherously slaine by him the murtherer hauing meanes to slip downe the wall and to recouer the campe Vpon the Gouernors death the souldiars and inhabitants resolued to yeeld the towne of Surita vnto the King Dominguillo who was prowd of this execution demanded his reward of the King but the King by a memorable example of Iustice whosoeuer aduised him vsed an admirable proportion in this action for hee first caused his eyes to bee put out for the murther which he had committed hauing not made him acquainted therewith and then hee gaue him that which was needfull for his entertainement but hearing after that hee did glory too much in his treason hee caused him to bee slaine After this enterprise of Surita the King dismissed his souldiers who returned to their houses Howsoeuer D. Alphonso Henriques King of Portugal ended his quarrels with D. Fernand of Leon Portugal yet in the yeere of our Lord 1169. hee had confirmation of his royall titles from Pope Alexander to whom he sent his Bulles taking the King D. Alphonso Henriques his successours Realme and subiects into the protection of the church of Rome paying two markes of gold for an acknowledgment or rent the which the Archbishop of Braga did receiue yeerely for the church of Rome yet no man can say that this rent was euer paied and if D. Fernand married his daughter D. Vrraca by whom he had one sonne called D. Alphonso who succeeded him in his realmes of Leon and Galicia yet this affinity did not suppresse the troubles and lamentable factions which followed King D. Fernand by the aduise of banished Portugais caused the city of Rodrique to be fortified the which some hold to bee ancient Mirobrisa and there placed a good garrison the which did wonderfully annoy the Portugals that lay neere it built Ledesma neere to Salamanca which did much in domage that city as you shal heare this King tooke pleasure in building Places built by D. Fernand when hee was not prest with warre and therefore they say that Granada which is neere to Coria Valencâ—a in the Bishoprike of Quiedo Villalpando Mansilla Majorga in the Bishoprike of Leon and Castro in Toraphe in the Bishoprike of Zamora are his workes Hee was diuorced from Vrraca by reason of consanguinity and tooke to his second wife D. Theresa daughter to Nugno de Lara after whose death he had a third wife called D. Vrraca Lopes daughter to D. Lope Diaz Lord of Biscay By this last wife D. Fernand had D. Sancho and D. Garcia lawful heires to the realme of Leon Genealogy of Leon. for that they were by the Popes sentence borne in lawful wed-locke not D. Alphonso yet they raigned not neither did they leaue any heires 4 The house of Biscay was then in great esteeme The house of Biscay out of the which was issued the third wife of the King D. Fernand the order and continuance of which family is thus set downe by the Spanish writers They name for the best knowne stem of this house D. suria who by his mothers side was Nephew to the King of Scotland begotten by a knight of Biscay called D. Lope who obtained the Siegneury of Biscay in the yeere 870. Suria in the Cantabrian tongue signifies white He carried in his armories two wolues sables either of them with a Lambe in his mouth in a field Argent which were the ancient armes of Biscay he married to his second wife D. Dalda daughter and heire to D. Sancho Esteguis Ordognes Lord of Tauira of Durango by whom he had one sonne called D. Manso Lopes who was Lord of Biscay and of Tauira of Durango this D. Manso had by his first wife for hee was married thrice one sonne called D. Inigo Esguerra that is to say deafe in the Biscaine tongue who was the third Lord of Biscay Of him was borne D. Lope Diaz the fourth Lord of Biscaie who liued in the time of D. Fernand Conçales Earle of Castille D. Sancho Lopes was his sonne and the fifth Lord of Biscay who although hee had two sonnes D. Inigo and D. Garcia surnamed Sanches yet did neither of them succeed him in the Siegneurie of Biscay the reason was that the souldiars beeing in mutynie at their returne from a certaine warre in Cubijana of Morillas in the Prouince of Alaua as D. Sancho Lopes came amongst their drawne swords to paciâ—ie them he receiued a wound for an other and was slaine leauing these two verie little wherefore the Biscaines hauing neede of a Lord able to gouerne them they made choise of D. Inigo Esguerra the second of that name bastard brother to the deceased who was the sixth Lord of Biscay of him came D. Lope Diaz the second who ruled in Biscay And to make some recompence to the children of D. Sancho Lopes D. Inigo Sancho had Lodio giuen him for a portion and D. Garcia that of Orozco D. Lope Diaz the seuenth Lord of Biscay was father to D. Diego Lopes who succeeded him in the daies of King D. Alphonso the sixth This D. Diego was the eighth Lord of Biscay surnamed the white and being maried to a Lady of Arragon he begat one sonne called D. Lope Diaz who was afterwards the ninth Lord of Biscay the third of that name It is that D. Lope which was at the siege of Surita with King D. Alphonso called the Noble in whose raigne wee now are come and whole daughter D. Vrraca was married to Fernand the second King of Leon and Gallicia hee also hauing built vp the towne of Haro in Rioje surnamed himselfe of Haro and left it to his posterity He had of D. Mencia his wife one sonne called D. Diego Lopes de Haro heire of his fathers estates and an other daughter called D. Gaufreda who some say had beene Queene of Nauarre but it is doubtfull This D. Diego Lopes was the tenth Lord of Biscay and a very good Knight who had the honor to bee standard-bearer to the King of Castille and was at al the exploits of warre done by King D. Alphonso the ninth Hee had to wife D. Maria Diaz de Lara daughter to Cont Nugno of whom we haue made mention and she bare him D. Lopes Diaz de Haro who was the eleuenth Lord of Biscay His Image is to be seene kneeling in the quier of the great church of Toledo planted against a piller The succession of these Lords shall bee here-after set downe according to the time Returning to King D. Alphonso Castille after the taking of Surita hauing dismissed his souldiars he returned to Toledo where hee kept his court and assembled the Noblemen and knights his vassals where finding himselfe in free possession of all the
Extremadura with whome hee was in League There is no doubt but Don Alphonso king of Arragon would haue beene a partaker in this Inuasion of Castile Arragon if death had not preuented him in the same yeare 1196. He died in Perpignan hauing raigned three and thirty yeares eight moneths and some dayes and was buried in the royal Monasterie of Poublette which he had founded whose sonne and successor Don Pedro thought it more safe to leaue the allyance of the kings of Nauarre and Leon to ioyne with Castile in whose defence and preseruation he employed himself faithfully against the two others so as D. Alphonso the Noble had by this support meanes to stay the furie of his enemies and to keepe his countrie and fronter townes During these quarrels amongst Princes Castille the Clergy was not idle for the same yeere D. Rederigo Bishop of Calaorra desirous to see the church of Saint Dominike de la Calsada which Temple he had caused to be built made an Episcopalsea Dissention among the Ciergie would needs place Chanoins there which caused great troubles for this seemed an attempt against father Lopes Abbot of the Monastery of Saint Mary the royal of Nagera who pretended to be Bishop of Nagera On the other side D. Roderigo maintained that there was no other Bishop hauing iurisdiction at Nagera but hee of Calaorra The contention was great and drew neere vnto a scandale but the King did so imbrace the cause as information beeing made of the Abbots life and manners hee was depriued by the Kings sentence from all Ecclesiasticall gouernment and banished the realme of Castille this the King did by the aduice of the Bishops which held against the Abbot who being dislodged was soone after followed by all the Monkes whom the Bishop Roderigo chased away not onely aspiring to the Episcopal title of Nagera which was in this Monastery but also to that which did belong vnto the Abbay who in steed of Monkes placed Chanoins at Saint Mary the royal but the King disliking the violent course of this Prelat restored the Monkes to their Monastery and the Chanonis were remooued to the church of Saint Dominike which was a signe of the future translation of the Episcopal sea of Nagera thether which was the marke whereat the Bishop of Calaorra aymed but it was not so soone effected remayning onely for the present a Colledge of Chanoins for the which the Abbot and Monkes of Nagera commenced sute against the Bishop of Calaorra the which continued long 28 King D. Alphonso being troubled by the Christians armed and disarmed both secular and Clergie An. 1197. was also assailed in the yeere 1197. by the Miralmunim Aben Ioseph who came and laied siege to Toledo causing his horsemen Moores to runne as farre as Madrid and Ahala de Henares who ouer running the country spoiled Ocagna Vcles and Cuenca destroying all they found without the walles of townes and forts but at that time the Arabians made other purchase Moores spoile Toledo and Castille for seeing the strength of the city and beeing aduertised of the great garrison and many Inhabitants which were within it they returned into Andalusia by Alcaras carrying with them an incredible number of Christians of cattaile and other spoiles wherefore King D. Alphonso seeing himselfe freed from this daunger resolued to imploy the Souldiars which hee had gathered together and the alliance which hee had with D. Pedro King of Arragon to bee reuenged of the Kings of Nauarre and Leon who had spoiled his country during the troubles and calamiries which he suffred by the Moores Hee therefore led his army first into the territories of Leon D. Alphonso King of Castille in â—aâ—es Leon and Nauarre where hee tooke Bolanos Castrouerde Valence and Carpio he put many Leonois to the sword and repulsed the Moores their allies who came to succor them Hauing punished him hee turned against Nauarre but he was forced to leaue that enterprise to make head against the Miralmunim Aben Iosephe who aduanced againe towards Toledo with greater forces then before making shew to besiege that city yet he past by Magueda where hee did the like but finding those places very strong and well fortefied hee turned to Saint Olalla the which hee tooke and razed hee attempted Talauera in vaine and past into the territory of La Vera where he tooke Plaisance then beyoud Tayo hee tooke Saint Croix Montanges and Trugillo Hauing made this spoile and committed horrible cruelties hee returned very rich with his army into Andalusia An. 1198. in the yeere 1198. which was the greatest persecution which the Christians of Toledo and other places aboue mentioned did euer suffer since the entry of the Arabians into Spaine the which grew by the warre which D. Martin Archbishop of Toledo had made in Andalusia wherein it may bee God would make it knowne that hee tooke no pleasure to haue the Pastors of the church play the captains and conductors of armies for the which notwithstanding D. Martin and his Predecessor Iean are much commended by the Spaniards which haue written the History of that age The Kings of Castille and Arragon Leon. hauing not yet forces sufficient to resist so mighty an army as that of Aben Ioseph kept themselues in the mountaines of Palomera about Auila from whence they returned against the King of Leon hearing that the Moores were dislodged from whom they tooke Alba de Liste and al that was in the way vnto Astroga the which hauing ruined they came laied siege to Salamanca but they tooke it not only they spoiled and burned the country about it and that of Alba de Tormes carrying away the people and leauing it desolate in the end they tooke Montreal and returned victors finding not any one to make head against them And such was the desire of King D. Alphonso to bee reuenged of the Kings of Nauarre and Leon as the better to effect his will hee neglected the iniuries and spoiles hee had receiued from the Miralmunim and made a truce with him whereby hee gaue meanes to this King of the Moores to commit horrible cruelties in Portugal in the yeere of our Lord 1199. An. 1199. This Realme of Portugal was at that time visited with many afflictions Portugal for besides the spoiles committed by the Moores there was an extreame famine with a great plague whereof many died for hunger and many left their country especially in the country of Braga and Porto besides the Pope did interdict the whole Realme of Portugal for the marriage of D. Theresa with the King of Leon her kinsman the which was concluded without his dispensation The Moores spoile portugal and therefore he would dissolue it Aben Ioseph hauing made a truce with the King of Castille marched towards Portugal where hee recouered Sylues in Algarbe and Alcaçar de Sal he ruined Cezimbra and Palmela with other places burning and spoyling all the champian country
and carrying away innumerable poore Christians prisoners D. Sancho King of Portugal could by no meanes resist this mighty Barbarian King for beside the Moores forces hee was prest by the warre of Leon yet soone after he reouered Cezimbra and Pamela and repaired them but not in the same estate they had beene The quarrel hee had with D. Alphonso King of Leon was the breaking of the marriage of his sister D. Theresa In this warre hee had better successe it may bee for that hee did affect it with more vehemency beeing most commonly seene that the hatred betwixt kins-folkes and allies is more violent then that against strangers He tooke by force from the King of Leon beeing otherwise weake the townes of Tuy and Ponteuedra in Gallicia which hee held for a time After these things the Miralmunim of the Arabians beeing assured of the King of Castille by the truce which hee had made with him retired to Maroc in Affrike thinking that the Moores of Spaine were sufficient to resist all the enterprises which might bee made by Portugal Leon and Arragon D. Pedro the second of that name the seuenth King of Arragon called the Catholike 29 D. Pedro the new King of Arragon Arragon tooke possession of his Realme in the yeere 1196. by the death of his father Alphonso hee was surnamed the Catholike for that hee was too obedient to the Catholike church of Rome and gaue much to Churches and Monasteries already built hee built the Monastery of Escarpe vpon the riuer of Cinca of the Order of Cisteaux not farre from Lerida He had three sisters the which were married during his raigne as hath beene syd As for his brother D. Alphonso who had gotten the Earldome of Prouence hee had to wife D. Mary Neece to the Earle of Folguaguier from whom issued D. Raymond Berenger who was Earle of Prouence after his father There was an other Lady of the house of Folguaguier Marriages of D. Pedro kings of Arragon who was married to the King D. Pedro by whom hauing one sonne called Raymond Berenger she died soone after and her sonne also after which the King D. Pedro married the daughter of William Earle of Montpellier borne of that Princesse of Greece which had beene made sure to D. Alphonso his father This second wife was called Mary and for that shee was not very faire he was so one wearie and would haue put her away but Pope Innocent the third then raigning would not yeeld vnto it for hee was a strickt obseruer and defender of the Ecclesiastical lawes For this cause D. Pedro went to Rome where the Pope did him great honour and crowned him in the church of Saint Pancrace with a crowne of gold garnished with pearles and precious stones of great valour where they say hee renounced vnto the Pope the right of Patronge to the churches of his Realme the which his predecessors had enioyed and did so much forger himselfe as to acknowledge his Kingdome to hold of the Pope and to binde himselfe and promise for himselfe and his successors Kings Submission of D Pedro King of Portugal to the Pope to pay him a yeerely tribute of two hundred and fifty peeces of gold called the Mahozemutins of the name of the Miralmunim Aben Ioseph Mahozemut vnder whose coine they were stamped these peeces were about six ryals then current to which acknowledgement the Noblemen of Arragon did not consent The King being returned into his country he beganne to leade a dissolute life and contemning his wife he sought for those that were faire and pleasing vnto him wherein hee wanted not men to follow his licentious appetite wherefore the Queene his wife who was verie holy seeing that her husband offended God and that not accompanying with her it was to bee feared the Estates of Arragon and Montpellier would fall to a stranger for want of issue borne of them shee found means to abuse him with a commendable deceite for vnderstanding by a groome of his chamber called Pedro Flauian who was sometimes a Minister of the Kings loue that the next nigh he should bring him one of his Mistresses A commendable deceite of Queene Mary of Hongary shee wrought so with him as hee brought her into the Kings chamber in the concubines place so as the King in this opinion spent the night with her but perceiuing it in the morning he was much displeased yet considering the holy zeale of his Queene and of those which had serued her in this action hee was pacified and tooke it in good part Soone after the Queene found her selfe with child and at her time was brought in bed at Montpellier of a sonne called D. Iaime which they cal Diego in Castille and Iaques in French who was heire of Arragon and Montpellier notwithstanding that Queene Mary had one brother by the fathers side called William who contended for the Earldome of Montpellier and did often attempt to kill the Infant D. Iaime This matter was long in question in the court at Rome whether this Princesse went in person as wel to oppose her selfe against her brother as to end the processe which remained yet vndecided betwixt her and the King her husband who sought stil to bee seperated from her by Hugo Tarrogia his Ambassador There by the sentence of Pope Innocent William was declared a bastard and vncapable to succeed in the Earledome of Montpellier After this sentence Death of Queene Mary of Arragon the Queene thinking to returne into Arragon fel sicke and died at Rome where she was buried at the Vatican in Saint Peters church neere vnto the to be of Saint Petronilla daughter to Saint Peter as Authors write and was put in the Catalogue of Saints This Princesse had beene first married to the Earle of Cominges by whom she had two daughters Mathilde and Petronilla In the beginning of the raigne of this King D. Pedro hee had a great quarrel with the Queene D. Sanchâ— his mother aunt to the Kings of Castille and Leon for that the Kings Officers and Courtiers did not regard her as was fit wherevpon shee seized vpon some townes belonging to her dowry And for that it might breed great inconueniences Alphonso the Noble King of Castille labored to reconcile them for the which he and the King D. Pedro met in the towne of Ariza where an accord was made betwixt the mother and the sonne so as euer after they liued in peace By this accord the townes of Ariza Epila and Ambite with their castles were giuen by the Queere Douager vnto the King her sonne and hee gaue vnto the Queene the townes of Torrtose and Vzcon with some other places in the principality of Cattelogne There came to this assembly D. Pedro d' Asagro Lord of Albarrasin who had beene much hated by the Kings of Castille Arragon but was then reconciled of whom we haue made mention this was in the yeere of our Lord 1200 An. 1200. at what time the
marriage of D. Alphonso of Leon and of D. Theresa of Portugal was dissolued by the decree of Pope Innocent the third for that they were kinâ—â— folkes in a degree which was prohibited by the church of Rome 30 The house of Nauarre approching neere it's end for want of heires males Nauarre it is fit we should prepare the Readers to the accesse which the descendants from women which are issued from it haue had vnto that crowne speaking some thing of the house of Champagne into the which D. Blanche daughter to D. Sancho the wife and sister to this King D. Sancho the strong was married Descendants of the house of Champagne The Earles of Champagne haue beene of great possessions in France of an ancient and noble familie as well of the house as by their alliances and marriages with the greatest houses of Europe In the nine hundred and ninth yeere mention is made of Odon first Earle of Champagne Brie Blois Chartres and Tourame who was a turbulent man and had great quarrels with Richard Duke of Normandy whose daughter notwithstanding he tooke in the end to his second wife he made warre against Rodolphe or Ralphe the last King of Bourgogne and was the cause why hee resigned his Scepter and crowne to Conrade the Emperour whose daughter Odon had taken to his first wife and had Stephen and others by her This Stephen was Earle of Champagne in the yeere of our Lord 1032. after the decease of his father and Lord of his other Estates by the succession of his brethren Hee died in the holie warre in Syria hauing begotten of his wife Alis or Adela daughter to William the conqueror Duke of Normandie and King of England Thybaâ—d and other children Thybaud surnamed the great was Earle of Champagne in the yeere of our Lord 1101. hee did also enioy the Earledomes of Brie Blois and Chartres and was called the father of the poore hee had to wife Mihault a Princesse of Germany of a great house by whom he had Henry who was Earle of Champagne and Bry after him in the yeere of our Lord 1151. besides other children This Henry surnamed the Big the fourth Earle of Champagne was in Asia with King Lewis the yong and afterwards with Philip Augustus where hee did great seruice to the cause hee married Mary of France daughter to Lewis the seuenth called the young by his first wife Elenor Dutchesse of Guienne and Contesse of Poictiers of this marriage issued Henry and Thibaud who were successiuely Earles of Champagne one after an other Henry went to the warre of Asia and marrying with the daughter of Almerit King of Ierusalem widow to Conrad Marquis of Montferrat was made King of Ierusalem but returning into France hee died without issue male Wherefore his brother Thibaud the second of that name seized vpon the country of Champagne in the yeere of our Lord 1196. to the preiudice of the two daughters of the deceased Cont Henry and was the sixth Cont Palatin thereof It was this Thibaud which married D. Blanche daughter to D. Sancho the wise King of Nauarre who had one sonne after the death of her husband about the yeere of our Lord 1201. called Thibaud as the father who was Earle of Champagne and Brie notwithstanding the pretensions of a sister which was borne in their fathers life time who contended for this succession but in vaine Moreouer by the death of D. Sancho the strong of whom wee now intreate without children hee came to the crowne of Nauarre by his mothers succession A Prince greatly allied to the houses of France and England whereof wee will treate more at large But let vs returne to D. Sancho the strong raigning at this time in Nauarre This Prince married with a French Lady daughter to Raymond Earle of Tolouse the fourth of that name who was called D. Clemence they hold that hee had not any children by her wherefore according vnto some Authors hee left her and married the daughter of the Emperour Frederic Barbarousse notwithstanding this second marriage is doubtful but as for the first Garcia d' Eugui bishop of Bayone hath left in writing that hee had one sonne named D. Ferdinand Calabasa vvho died in his fathers life time VVith a fall of a horse running after a Beare and vvas buried in the Collegial church of Tudele Hee had no other lavvfull children but mention is made of one bastard sonne called William 31 The ancient league of Castille and Arragon beeing renevved betvvixt the Kings D. Alphonso the Noble and D. Pedro they did arme to annoy the King of Nauarre aboat the yeere of our Lord 1200. the which he foreseeing he sought to be supported by forraine Princes and proceeded so farre as hee did sollicit Aben Ioseph Mazemut to breake the truce which he had made for ten yeeres A Mahumetan Prince keepes his faith religiously with the King of Castille some Authors affrming that D. Sancho went himselfe in person into Affrike to treat of the businesse with this Mahumetan Prince who notwithstanding that he would not breake his faith yet hee presented him with a great summe of money and many rich Iewels During his absence the confederate Kings entred by diuers waies into Nauarre where hee had left for his Lieutenant General a knight called Alphonso Fernandes of Guendulain and tooke Ayuar and the valley of Roncal which fell to the King of Arragon and on the other side Miranda and Insura or Inzula which places the King of Castille kept for himselfe these two confederate Kings hauing agreed to diuide the conquest of Nauarre betwixt them this was all they did for that yeere As for the King D. Sancho hee fel sicke on the waie of a pestilent feuer the which in the end fell to be a canker in one of his feete which continued with him all his life This indisposition beeing knowne in Spaine it gaue courage to the King of Castille to pursue his good fortune and to trie all meanes possible to ioyne that Estate to his presuming that the King D. Sancho who had no children could not liue long and that he beeing dead there should be no great opposition against him for that D. Ramir one of his brethren was of the church the other was young and absent and the Earle of Champaigne his brother in law was either dead or gone to the holy Land but howsoeuer hee was so farre off as before hee should returne into France to debate his title to the Kingdome of Nauarre wherevnto hee had right hee did hope to bee in possession Vpon this deseigne hee leauied a new army The King of Castille inuades Nauarre entred into Alaua and ouerrunne all that Prouince where in the end hee besieged the Towne of Victoria the which was valiantly defended by D. Alphonso Fernandes of Guendulayn who had put himselfe into it with many good souldiers of Alaua and Nauarre and maintained the siege long without any succors or newes from the
the ancient preuiledges granted by the Kings of Nauar vnto Saint Sebastian and Fontarabie townes of Guipuscoa were confirmed and augmented by the Kings of Castille and their iurisdictions lymited especially of Fontaraby by the riuers of Oriaçun and Vidaso which diuides that Prouince from FrAnce and by the mountaine Pegnadaya by Leçaca by Belfa and the sea and by Hirun vrançu which is at this present a great Bourg at which time Queene Elenor was deliuered to her last son who was called D. Henry by reason of his grand-father by the mothers side To these contents was added a truce betwixt this King Alphonso the Noble Nauarre and D. Sancho the strong King of Nauarre for the concluding whereof D. Sancho came in person vpon assurance to Guadalajara in Castille there it was agreed there should be a cessation of armes betwixt the two Kingdomes for fiue yeeres with restitution of some of those places which the King of Castille had taken in Nauarre and for the keeping of the truce there were deliuered into the hands of certaine knights named by both parties the castles of Abuseio Clauijo and Iuvera for Castille and Irureta Inzula and Saint Adrian for the King of Nauarre and for that the warre betwixt Nauarre and Arragon continued stil the King of Castille tooke vpon him to reconcile them and in the meane time caused al acts of hostility to cease These foure Princes being at peace Leon. he of Leon mooued new troubles against D. Vrraca Lopes his mother in law with whom hee could neuer agree seeking to frustrate her of her doury And she for her part did neuer cease practising against D. Alphonso seeking to depose him from the royal throne of Leon and to aduance the Infant D. Sancho her sonne for the which she did continually importune her brother D. Diego Lopes de Haro Lord of Biscay VVarre betwixt the King of Leon and his mother in law intreating him to imbrace this businesse the which he had deferred vntil that time when as hee went to field to aide the Queene his sister but he was not the strongest for D. Alphonso King of Leon being assisted by the King of Castille his father in law chased him into Nauarre from whence hee made roades into the territories of Castille which made the two vnited Kings to goe and seeke him in his owne strength where they defeated him in battaile neere vnto Estella where hee was forced to saue himselfe which towne was inuested and as it were besieged by the armies of Castille and Leon yet they could not take it Vpon this occasion the foure Kings of Castille Leon Nauarre and Arragon met together in Alfaro whether also came D. Sancha Douager of Arragon mother to the King D. Pedro by the which the reconciliations and accords of these Princes were confirmed D. Lopes being destitute of all meanes hee retired in despight vnto the Moores pay at Valencia and from thence to Maroc where hee was accused to the councell of the Miralmumin that hee had mounted D Pedro King of Arragon on horse-backe being ouerthrowne in an incounter which he had against the Moores of Valencia vnder whose pay D. Diego made warre yet hee was absolued The pittifull death of the Infant D. Fernand Nauarre brother to D. Sancho King of Nauarre a Prince well beloued of the Nauarrois An. 1207. ought to bee registred amongst the calamities which fell vpon that realme in those daies The feast of Saint Nicholas being celebrated with superfluous bankers and sports in the yeere 1207. in the towne of Tudele according to the custome of Christians Death of D. Fernand of Nauarre as this generous Prince did runne on horse-backe armed doing some exercises which hee had inuented a hog passing through his horse legges made him to fall in such manner as he brused his head against a piller of stoane whereof hee died thirteene daies after beeing thirty yeeres old Of this Prince whom the Authors commend for a braue and valiant Knight there is no mention made in the warre betwixt Castille and Nauarre wherefore it is to be presumed that the King his brother doubting least hee should attempt some thing to his preiudice during his absence had led him with him into Affrike although hee loued him deerely Thus are the affaires of this world mingled with pleasure and griefe loue and iealousie Of the marriage which had beene made the yeere before Portugal betwixt D. Alphonso Infant of Portugal son to the King D. Sancho then raigning and D. Vrraca daughter to D. Alphonso King of Castille was this yeere 1207. a son borne called D. Sancho as his grandfather by the fathers side in whose life time this Lady was deliuered of an other sonne who was named D. Alphonso the which were Kings of Portugal successiuely Aben Ioseph Miralmumin of the Arabians Almohades Moores being dead in Affrike whilest these things past in Spaine there succeeded in his place his sonne called Aben Mahomad surnamed the Greene the fourth King of that Fect ouer the Moores of Affrike and Spaine this surname was giuen him for that hee carried a Miter or some such Ornament on his head of a greene collour In his raigne the truce expired made betwixt the King of Castille and his predecessor Aben Ioseph when as they fell more cruelly to armes them ouer 33 Betwixt both Castille D. Martin Archbishop of Toledo died to whom succeed Roderigo Ximenes borne in Nauarre the Author of the History of Spaine which wee read at this day A prelate of great authority and much commended by the Spaniards about the time of his death the riuer of Tayo did rise so high as it was fiue foote aboue the port of Almofala in that city This was about the end of December and the yeere before there was so great an Ecclipse of the Sunne as the day was darkned for the space of sixe houres At that time King D. Alphonso did two remarkable workes in the city of Burgos in Castille which were the Monastery of Saint Mary the royal of that citty called de las Huelgas for the daughters of noble houses according to the Order of the Cisteaux and ioyning to this Monastery hee caused the Hospital royal to bee built indowing both the one and the other with great reuenues for the third which is no lesse to be esteemed hee erected an vniuersity in the towne of Palencia which was the first in Castille since the comming of the Moores and drew many learned men in al faculties thether 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 from France England and other places assigning large pensions to the professors and as he was a warlike Prince and could not liue long in quiet the quarrels reuiuing betwixt the French and English about the yeere 1209. hee made a voyage into Guienne An. 1209. for that hee had an interest therein yet hee returned without doing any thing memorable Returning by the Prouince of Guipuscoa hee gaue preuiledges to the towne
any one for want of money could not redeeme a Christian slaue out of the hands of an Infidel and did see him by ill vsage in despaire or otherwise in danger to renounce the Christian faith they were bound to put themselues in the slaues place and to serue for him vntill they had paied his Maister the price agreed vpon which was a rare charity The first brother of this Order was Peter Nolasco of Barcelona or Francis according vnto some who receiued the habit in the chiefe church of that towne with great solemnity in the yeere 1218. by the hands of friar Raymond the maister thereof the King D. Iames being present This habit was white as they carry it at this day with the armes of Arragon and Cattelogâ—e which are a crosse argent and foure bends gueules in a field Or. The Order was since confirmed in the yeere 1230. at the request of the King D. Iame and pursute of the master D. Raymond of Rochfort by Pope Gregory the ninth he who confirmed the Order of the friars Mineurs instituted after that of the preaching friers by the Seraphicall father Saint Francis vnder the Order of Saint Augustin 〈…〉 but somewhat changed the Author of this Order was wonderfully persecuted by the enemy of mankinde enuious say the Spanish Authors of the great good which should come vnto the Catholike church of Rome by the erudition and piety of the religious of that Order This father of Franciscan friars came into Spaine during the raigne of D. Fernand King of Castille of whom wee write who receiued him with great reuerence and did build many goodly conuents of that Order and by his example other Kings did the like 11 Fiue of the Brethren of this Order Portugal not yet allowed nor confirmed by the Pope the which notwithstanding florished in Portugal in the latter time of king D. Alphonso the grosse were desirous to passe to Maroc there to preach the faith of Christ but they prospered not for the King of the Arabians offended with the habit countenances and importunity of these friars slue them all with his owne hand by reason whereof they were put in the ranke of blessed Martires according to their Legend Of this cruel execution was an eye witnesse D. Pedro of Portugal brother to the King who caused their bodies to bee brought to Coimbra where they were buried in the Monastery of Saint Croix They say that these Monkes partting from Portugal had prophecied to the Queene D. Vrraca that shee should die in the yeere of our Lord 1220. as it happened In the time of the same King D. Alphonso florished that religious man whom they call Saint Anthony of Padoua who notwithstanding was borne at Lisbone and for his great knowledge according to the time was called the arke of the holy Scripture Hee being a Chanoine of Saint Croix at Coimbra had so great a feruency to serue God as he became a friar of the Order of Saint Francis changing his name which was Fernand into that of Anthony hee was a Doctor and a professor in diuinity and did read in the vniuersities of Tolousa Bolonia and Padoua where he died of whom Portugal and all Spaine glory much As for King D. Alphonso surnamed the grosse hee hath not ministred much matter to write of his actions for his raigne was short and himselfe in disposed of his person Hee died in the yeere of our Lord 1223. beeing but eight and thirty yeeres old whereof hee raigned eleuen His body lies in Alcouaça neere vnto that of the Queene his wife D. Sancho Capello the second of that name the fourth King of Portugal 12 D. Sancho his sonne Surname of Capello called Capello raigned after him He was sixteene yeeres old when he began to raigne was crowned in the city of Coimbra His surname of Capello came by reason of the habits which hee ware wide and long like a Clergy man It may bee hee ware some great cap or hat as the Portugals doe at this day who will haue all their apparel very wide and easie euen their buskins of Spanish leather which are ruffled downe to their heeles saying that it doth not become a gentleman to carry them straight and smooth This Prince was more courteous affable and a louer of peace then was fit for a commander that will keepe his subiects in awe Wherefore hee was contemned by his subiects and held for a couard and base minded so as they attempted many things insolently and audatiously against all right or reason without respect of Prince or Iustice the which was ill administred in his time his basenesse yeelding to the malice of his subiects Hee married with D. Mencia Lope de Haro daughter to the Earle D. Lope Diaz de Haro Marriage of the King D. Sancho Lord of Biscay the fourth of that name a Lady of great beauty and an excellent spirit but not much pleasing to the Portugals for the King tooke her beeing a widow against their likings and besides shee bare him no children wherefore they vsed great meanes in the court of Rome to dissolue this marriage Amongst all the Kings of Portugal as well those which went before as which followed hee onely was childlesse for hee neither had lawfull children nor bastards D. Mencia Lopes did gouerne him in such sort as no respect of the publike good of the Realme nor the exhortations intreaties nor admonitions made vnto him by the Noblemen and religious persons who were then much respected neither yet any other meanes whatsoeuer could mooue him to bee diuorced from her wherefore they spake it publikely that shee had bewitch'd him what happened you shall vnderstand hereafter Returning to the affaires of Castille the King D. Fernand hauing solemnized his aunts marriage after all the feasts and sports he found himselfe ingaged in new troubles procured by D. Fernand Ruiz Dias de los Cameros Fernand Ruiz Diaz de lâ—s Cameros a coâ—cusâ—ionar and a rebel who had newly crost himselfe to passe into Syria to the holy warre for the performing of which voiage it may bee his purse was not very well furnished wherefore hee beganne to taxe and spoile the Kings country which was vnder his command for these concussions hee was cited to appeere in court at Vailledolit where he did in some sort iustifie himselfe Afterwards being pricked in conscience for these outrages beeing also by nature in constant feareful and with all ill aduised hee absented himselfe wherefore the King seized vpon all his goods D. Fernand Ruiz seeing that they proceeded against him with all rigour fortefied himselfe in certaine castles from the which hee did much trouble the Kings affaires so as in the end hee was forced to compound with him and to giue him money By this accord D. Gonsalo Peres Lord of Molina and D Gonsâ—l Nugnes de Lara rebel in Castille hee yeelded vp the places which hee held and receiued foureteene thousand peeces of gold
After him Gençalo Peres Lord of Molina did rebel beeing mooued therevnto by D. Gonçalo Nugnes de Lara who beganne to ouerrunne and spoile those parts which lay neere his houses like an enemy not ceasing for any admonitions or threats made vnto him in the Kings name vntill that hee was forced to goe and besiege him in Molina notwithstanding by the means of D. Berenguela the Queene mother hee was restored to the Kings fauor and the souldiers were drawne from before Molina But D. Gonçalo Nugnes de Lara who for feare of punishment was retired into the Moores country demanding pardon also could not obtaine it wherefore hee liued the remainder of his daies which were but short at Baeça in Andalusia where hee died miserably as his brethren D. Aluaro and D. Fernand had done worthy in truth of great punishments for their rash and seditious enterprises beeing greater and more eminent then all the other Noblemen of the realme The King beeing freed from this care and the realme in some quiet D. Maurice Bishop of Burgos an English man borne beganne in the yeere of our Lord 1222. to set his hand to the building of the great church of that city An. 1222 according to the fashion wee see it at this day the which was finished in his time The Episcopal seat was before at Saint Laurence The Archbiship D. Roderigo caused them also this yeere to worke about the building of the chiefe Church of Talauera the which was indowed with foure dignities and twelue Chanoiâ—s and at the same time the Churches of Vailledolit and Osma were built by a Bishop of Osma who had beene Secretary to the King D. Fernand. The church of Padron the Bishops lodging and the bridge which is vpon Minio were also then built by the care and charge of D. Laurence Bishop of that place It was also about the beginning of this yeere 1222. that D. Ramir Infant of Nauarre Nauarre brother the King D. Sancho the retired was made Bishop of Pampelone of whose charity Authors write with admiration that hee gaue all he had vnto the poore and the more his riches did abound the more he gaue In all the time after the marriage of the King D. Iames Arragoâ—â— and D. Elenor of Castille vnto the yeere 1228. when as the warre of Majorca was attempted the realme of Arragon was troubled with continual seditions procured by the Infant D. Fernand the Kings vncle beeing exceeding ambitious who hauing entred into League with D. Nugno of Arragon his cousin sonne to D. Sancho Earle of Rosillon D. William of Moncada a little before enemies but now growne friends vpon this occasion Pedro d' Ahones and others tooke vpon him againe the Regency of the realme by force in the yeere 1223. and distributed amongst his fauourers and confederats the chiefe dignities of the realme holding the King and Queene in his power but a while after the King esçaped from Tortosa and retired to Hucâ—ra or Horta where hauing conferted with the Nobility hee raised an armie with the which hee entred the territories of the Moores of Valencia and Murcia beeing tired with ciuill tumults so as hee forced Azebut or Zeit King of Valencia to promise him tribut and in like manner him of Murcia which was the fiâ—th penny of their imposts In this warre many commaunders of the League intermedled contrarie to the Kings liking Amongst others D. Pedro d' Ahones discontented that the King had made a truce with the Moores sought to breake it and did often lead troupes of souldiars into the territory of Valencia spoyling all he found so as the King hauing often aduised and intreated him to conteine himselfe but in vaine hee commanded they should take him prisoner D. Pedro de Ahones 〈◊〉 but D. Pedro seeking to defend himselfe being pursued by the King and others was slaine by D. Sancho Martines de Luna with a lance the which did put all the townes of Arragon beeing already infected into open rebellion against the King who marched presently with his army into the countries of Sobrarbre and Ribagorça whereas the houses lands and subiects of D. Pedro were the which he wasted al he could The townes of Saragossa Huesca and all the rest except Calatajub followed the Infant D. Fernand and the Noblemen of his faction as defenders sayd they of the publike liberty the chiefe of the Saragossans was their Bishop D. Sancho d' Ahones brother to D. Pedro that was slaine On the other side the Kings army was led by D. Blasco Alagon and Artal de Luna who did much annoy them of Saragossa and others In the end the mildnesse patience and dissimulation of the King D. Iames surmounted al these alterations and mutinies who could so winne the Princes and Noblemen beeing much troubled to maintaine this warre as they all submitted themselues vnto him by whose example the townes were quiet yet the citties of Saragossa Huesca and Iacca made a league amonst themselues for the defence of their lands and iurisdictions against theeues and robbers and remainders of ciuil dissentions and erected a Magistrate holding a forme of Iustice like vnto that which they call Hermandades in Castille yet without any preiudice to the Kings royal preogatiue 13 In Castille whilest that the King D. Fernand was busie to suppresse his owne subiects and to dispose of the affaires of old Castille Moores the Inhabitants of Cuenca Huete Alarcon and Moja beeing gathered together made a roade into the territories of Valencia from whence they brought a great booty This was an aduice giuen by D. Berenguela the Queene mother and the prelates of Castille to the end they might breake the truce which was betwixt her sonne and the petty Kings of the Moores thinking it high time the King should goe to the warre and that it was the dutie of a Catholike Prince to pursue these infidels Fernand King of Castille eâ—â—ers Andalusia with what right soeuer Wherefore the King animated by this councel gathered his army together and marched into Andalusia where at his first entry Aben Mahomad King of Baeça made himselfe his vassal sending to meet the Christians army when it was at the passage of the mountaine called Puerto del Muradal Afterwards they came to Quesada whereas many Moores were slaine and many taken the townes of Lacra Teua and Palhes were abandoned by the Moores the castles of Esnader Escamel and Espulei were razed whereof the two last were yeelded by composition From thence D. Lope Dias de Haro was sent with D. Fernand Coci Maister of the Order of Saint Iames and D. Gonçal Tuannes maister of Calatraua to Biuoras whereas there were certaine bands of Arabians of Affrike whom they defeated bringing away many prisoners D. Roderigo Ximenes the Archbishop and Primat did accompany the King in this expedition who after these happy exploits returned to Toledo whereas the Queenes attended him In the meane time D. Iames King of Arragon Arragon being discontented
these realmes before the daughters who were forced to agree with their brother and had 30000. doublons euery yeere during their liues This accord betwixt the King Don Fernand and the Infantes of Leon his Sisters was wrought and concluded betwixt the Queenes D. Berenguela the Kings mother and D. Theresa mother to the Infants after that the King had beene crowned in Leon the chiefe city of the Kingdome in the presence of the Bishops D. Iohn of Oueydo D. Roderigo of Leon D. Nugno of Astorga D. Martin of Salamanca D. Michel of Cite Roderigo and D. Sancho of Coria By this accord the King D. Fernand did peaceably enioy the Realmes of Leon Galicia the Asturiaes hauing raigned thirteene yeeres in Castille the re-union of which Estates made this yeere 1230. 73. yeeres after their last diuision hath remained firme euer since without any further seperation From Leon the King came to Beneuent whereas the Infantaes his sisters met him and there did ratifie the accord made by the two Queenes renouncing all pretensions to the sayd Realmes and to the testament made by the King D. Alphonso their father Then the King went to visit the Prouinces Townes and Forts of his Kingdomes where without any contradiction he was receiued intertained with great ioy and acclamation of the people as it was fit This death of the King of Leon fell out happely for D. Fernand to couer his retreat from Daralferza with some honourable pretext In the meane time they made light skirmishes with the taking and recouering of castles vpon the fronters of Toledo and Andalusia In the yeere of our Lord 1231. An. 1231. Quesada was recouered by the Christians and for a reward of their valour in recouering thereof was giuen to the church of Toledo but it was afterwards lost and recouered againe diuers times The King of Castille continuing his warre Adelantamien to of Casorla giuen to the Church of Tâ—â—ledo there was established vpon that fronter that which they call Adelantamiento of Casorla by the taking of Pilos Toya Lacra Agozino Font Iulian Tour de Lago Higuera Maulula Arcola Dos Hermanas Villa Montin Niebla Casorla Concha and Chelis all which places were by prodigality and inconsiderate zeale altogether vsed in those religious times giuen in a religious acknowledgement to the Apostolike Sea by the King D. Fernand to the Archbishops of Toledo the which the haue enioyed vnto the assumption of the Cardinall D. Iohn Tauera to the Arch-bishoprike who gaue this country to the Marquis of Camaraça whose successour Don Iohn Mâ—rtine Silesio Cardinal had by reason thereof great and earnest sute against the Church of Toledo but notwithstanding that the Church had diuers sentences by reason of the great sway the Church of Rome bore at that same time in its fauour yet could they neuer gette possession of any of those places for certaine speciall reasons which are not specified 17 At that time the realmes of Naples and Sicile were held by the Emperour Frederic the second who married Yoland the onely daughter of Iohn de Brenne who called himselfe king of Ierusalem which is the reason why the Kings of Naples and Sicile haue euer since intitled themselues Kings of Ierusalem by which alliance they vnited the titles of Naples Sicile and Ierusalem which the descendentes of this Noble Princesse haue carried This Iohn of Brenne beeing chosen chiefe Generall of the Westerne succours which by the procurement of the councell of Latran went into the Country of Syria and obtained amongst them the first and soueraigne degree and was called King of Acre or Ptolemaide yet hee did neuer hold the city of Ierusalem but hauing neede of greater forces to resist the Turkes and enemies of our faith hee was forced to returne againe into Europe to sollicit the Christian Princes to assist him Beeing arriued into Italie hee married his daughter as wee haue sayd and then passed into Sapine in the yeere of our Lord 1232. to visit the sepulcher of Saint Iames which was a pilgrimage of greatest merit after that of Ierusalem Passing through Castille hee was receiued with great honour by the King D. Fernand who in confirmation of their friendship gaue him D. Berenguela his sister by father and mother in marriage The Realme of Nauarre was at that time but ill gouerned by reason of the Kings sollitary life Nauarre who was retired and did not speake with any man but his houshold seruants and would not heare of any affaires This mischiefe was increased by the death of D. Ramir his brother Bishop of Pampelone who by his authority and respect might something haue restrained them that would haue troubled the state were they home-bred or strangers wherefore about the yeere of our Lord 1231. D. Lope Diaz Lord of Biscay who had some lands in the soueraignty of Nauarre prouoked and supported by D. Fernand King of Castille hee found an occasion to commit some spoiles in the Kingdome 18 On the other side Thybauld Earle of Champagne pretending right to the sayd realme by his mother D. Blanche Impatiency of cont â—hybauâ—d of Champaigne to raigne daughter to the King D. Sancho the wise had secret practises and Intelligences in Nauarre to bee admitted to the Regency of the realme during the life of King D. Sancho the retired whereof hee being aduertised after great negligence in the end hee beganne to discouer it to his great preiudice wherefore beeing much discontented at these attempts both of the King of Castille and of the Earle of Champaigne he resolued to frustrat both of their pretentions and to be reuenged especially of the King of Castille he therefore gaue D. Iames King of Arragon to vnderstand that hee had some matters to impart vnto him which would redound greatly to his proffit and therefore he intreated him to come to Tudele excusing himselfe that hee had not come vnto him by reason of the indisposition of his person The King of Arragon fayled not to come to Tudele and for that the King of Nauarre could not stirre out of his chamber hee entred into the castle where they conferred together The King D. Sancho complayning much of D. Fernand King of Castille that not content to hold the Lands which his predecessors had wrested from him had againe inuaded and spoiled his country hee demanded his aduice and helpe to bee reuenged and hauing in like manner discoursed of the disobedience and little respect of Thybauld Earle of Champagne who had attempted to play the King in Nauarre in his life time hee concluded that if hee would make a firme alliance with him and betwixt Nauarre and Arragon to inuade the realme of Castille and not to cease vntill they had forced the King D. Fernand to restore the Lands of the riuer of Oja Bureua Alaua and Guipuscoa or beeing conquered to yeeld him the fruits and reuenues thereof and to pay the charges of the warre hee should bee content to harken to a mutuall
and heire to the crown of France promised vnto him long before King Thibaud had not any children by this Princesse wherefore his brother Henry succeeded him in the Realme of Nauarre He had one bastard-daughter called D. Marquise Children of king Thibaud the 2. whose mothers name was D. Marquise Lope de Rada who we may coniecture was allyed to that Gil de Rada who it may be for this iniurie left Nauarre and retired into Arragon where he did homage to the King D. Iaime for his castell of Rada This daughter was afterwards married vnto Don Pero Fernandes Lord of Ixar sonne to the King D. Iaime and to D. Theresa Gil of Bedaura whom he had secretly married as we haue sayd 9 It was at that time that by the commandement of D. Alphonso king of Castile Castile many learned men laboured to reduce into one body the booke of the lawes of Castile commonly called las siete partidas which the King D. Fernand had caused them to begin and which since hath beene augmented by the succeeding kings with many ordonances the which was reviewed againe by Pero Lopes Alcocer Compiler of the lawes of Spaine Doctor Escudero Pero Lopes Arrieta and in the end by Bartholomew of Ariença Lawyers these are the lawes by the which the Realmes of Castille and Arragon are gouerned and the administration and practise of Iustice in those countries This King Don. Alphonso giuen to study it may be more then was fit for a Prince which had so great a kingdome to gouerne Tables astronomicall of Don Alphonso caused also those famous Astronomicall tables to be made which carry his name hauing drawne into the citty of Toledo a great number of men learned in the Mathematickes and Physickes as well of his owne countries as out of Affricke and other parts both Christians and Arabians where be comprehends a certaine supputation of the heauenly motion of the starres and planets and of their aspects and incounters setting downe for a rule and fundamentall point of all astronomicall account the situation of Toledo where he consumed an infinit treasure Hee did beautifie these goodly Sciences of Physicke and Philosophie causing the writings of the Arabians and other Ancients to be put into more familiar tongues whereby he deserues that thankefull posteritie should maintaine a commendable memorie of his vertue yet he is to be blamed for that these honest exercises did so rauish his spirits and hindred the care he ought to haue had of the affaires of State that hee shewed himselfe so slacke and negligent as thinking to be Emperor he found himselfe not onely excluded from that dignity but also dispossest of his owne Realme hauing reaped no other fruites of his studies but the vaine surname of Wise and Learned Which doth admonish Princes to preferre action before contemplation yet ioyning the one to the other with moderation He left some markes of him in the Prouince of Guipuscoa in the town of Mondragon the which was so called by him for certaine causes whereas the auncient name was Arraçate and did indow it with great priuiledges whereof the letters are to be seene at this day Giuen in the towne of Exnatorafe called at this day as the Spaniards say Adelantamiento of Caçorla which are the most ancient letters which are to bee found in the Castillan tongue in all Spaine for vntill this Kings raigne all records instruments and publike writings were made in Latin but he brought in the Castillan style in all sorts of writings causing many bookes yea of the holy Scripture to bee translated into that tongue whereby it was much beautified In this priuiledge there are many assistants or witnesses named as well of his owne Realmes as strangers which shewes that his Court was frequented as if hee had beene peaceable Emperour by Princes and Noblemen of the Empire which are there named his Vassalls as Hugh Duke of Bourgongne Guy Earle of Flanders Henry Duke of Lorraine Lewis Earle of Beaumont and other Princes holding their Lands and reuenewes in fee of the Empire Many Princes of the Moores are there also named as Vassalls to this King In the same qualitie are named in this priuiledge Gaston Lord of Bearne Guy Vicount of Limoges who it may bee had some fees in Spaine or depending of the Empire Many also are named in this priuiledge as Benefactours Queene Violant his children Don Fernand and Don Sancho according to the custome of the Kings of Spaine and of witnesses a great number This king Don Alphonso did also cause a collection of the Histories of Spaine to bee made the which is read at this day called a generall Chronicle Beeing by reason of these things in great reputation and esteemed among strangers by the report as it is likely of learned men whome he did cherish in all countries The Sultan of Egypt a Turke which raigned then called Alâ—andexauer sent him presents of cloth and beastes of Egypt Lybia Aethiopia and other neighbor Countries strange vnto the Spaniards the which were requited by him with other gifts Beeing thus respected by Barbarians afarre off hee was contemned by them which held their lands dignities and liues of his bountie for in the yeare 1261. An. 1261. there beeing an assembly at Granado Moores of all the Princes Moores which held any lands in Spaine they made a league together and conspired all against him and without any long delay beeing long before prepared they went to field and forced the townes of Xeres Arcos Bejar Lebrixa Medina Sidonia Rota and Saint Lucar king Mahumet Aben-Alhamar of Grando beeing the chiefe against whome Garcia Gomes Gouernour of Xeres defended himselfe valiantly but it auayled not This reuolt did much annoy the elect Emperor Don Alphonso yet hauing sent some troupes of horse and foote the Moores which were disperst in the Christians countrie were soone supprest The Realme of Valencia had beene subdued by the king of Arragon Arragon so as that time D. Simon de Fosses beeing Vice-roy there was no alteration in those parts by the Moores yet this Prince was neuer in good quiet with his subiects by reason of the importunitie and contumacie of his eldest sonne Don Alphonso who did continually stirre vp new tumults vppon colour of portions betwixt him and his brethren a question which had bin handled but not decided in many Assemblies of the Estates and by Iudges appointed by them during D. Alphonso's life-time He died about the yeare 1260. soone after his marriage with Constance daughter to Gaston Lord of Bearne Death of D. Alphonso Infant of ArragaÌ„ In the yeare 1261. the marriage of the Infant D. Pedro was consummated who then tooke the degree of the eldest with Constance daughter to Manfroy Prince of Tarentum soone after the celebration of the marriage of his sister D. Izabel with Philip of France at Clermont in Auuergne After which solemnities the question for the Infants portions was reuiued with as bad successe as it
King Charles the Limping and he met in the valley of Iunquera either of them beeing accompanied with twelue gentlemen onely who carried no other armes then their swords and that there they ratefied and signed this accord as for the effects and execution thereof it is credible they followed in the time of his successor King D. Alphonso died in the seuen twentith yeere of his age hauing raigned fiue yeeres and seuen monthes Being nere his end he would bee attired in the habit of Saint Francis for an opinioâ— which raigned then that there consisted some great vertue in that weed and so hee was carried to the conuent of Franciscans at Barcelona About that time the King of Granado Moores had conference with the gouernor of the frontier of Castille for the King D. Sancho being called D. Fernand Perez Ponce de Leon and renued the treaty ad league with Castille for the cofirmation whereof there was a Moorish knight sent to the King to Burgos Isoeph Aben Iacob had succeeded his father Iacob Aben Ioseph in the realme of Maroc since the yeere of our Lord 1285. he hauing raigned fiue and twenty yeeres with the reputation of a generous Prince and a good Iusticer This yeere he past into Spaine and came to besiege Bejar but hee could not take it wherefore he returned into Affrike with little honour Meaning to returne some time after into Spaine with greater forces he could not passe beeing stayed by the fleete of Castille which was great and mighty for feare whereof he stayed vpon the bankes of Tanger for Benoist Zachary Admiral of Castille had taken thirteene galleys from him by fauour of which victory the King D. Sancho marcht into Andalousia to make an enterprise vpon Tarriffe By the way he conferred with D. Denis King of Portugal made a new league with Castille him and a future marriage was concluded betwixt D. Fernand of Castille and D. Constance of Portugal who were both very young And for the fulfilling of all promises in due time there were townes and castles deliuered in pawne of either side yet the King D. Sancho had no aide from him of Portugal in this expedition Being come to Seuile and hauing their ordained what was needful for the siege Tariffe was battred and furiously assaulted Tariffe taken by the Casillans and in the end taken the gard whereof was giuen to D. Roderigo maister of the Calatraua A little before a marriage had beene treated of by Ambassadors betwixt Don Iames the new King of Arragon and the Infant D. Isabel of Castille daughter to D. Sancho beeing onely nine yeeres old For confirmation whereof pacification of the troubles and other alliances the two Kings of Castille and Arragon met together in Calatajub in the yeere of our Lord 1292. An. 1292. but the marriage tooke no effect For as much as D. Iohn Nugnes de Lara the elder continued still to trouble the realm the King D. Sancho hauing taken Canette and Moya from him hee forced him to retire into France whether Ambassadors were sent soone after to renue the league with King Philip Don Sancho fearing that by some sinister reports hee might bee diuerted from his friendship Don Iohn Nugnes beeing absent Don Isabel of Molina his daughter in law died without any children whose inheritance fell to the Queene Donna Maria her aunt The Infant D. Iohn carrying still a hatred in heart against the King his brother rebelled againe ioyning with Don Iohn Nugnes de Lara the younger and drawing vnto his partie many Knights but the King pursued them in such sort as D. Iohn de Lara was forced to yeeld vnto his mercy and the Infant to flie into Portugal 11 About that time D. Alphonso Perez de Guzman liued in great reputation in Spaine beeing a wise and valiant Knight who had long serued the Miralmumin Aben Iacob of Maroc and his father leading their armies in qualitie of Lieutenant generall in the warres which they had against the other Moores of Affrike where hee had wonne honour and great riches with the which being returned into Spaine he purchased much land and great Seigneuries This knight and Donna Marra Alonço Cornel gaue beginning to the family of the Dukes of Medina Sidonia famous in our time in Spaine the Lords whereof in the begâ—inning intituled themselues Earles of Niebla Beginning of 〈◊〉 of Guzman and Dukes of Medina Sidonia To this D. Alphonso Perez de Guzman the King D. Sancho gaue the gouernment of Tariffe the which hee promised to keepe safely with lesse charge by two third parts then the Maister of the Calatraua had done The Earle Don Iohn Nugnes de Lara hauing continued some time in France had meanes to make his peace with the King and so returned into Castille where they did presentlie imploy him against the Infant Don Iohn of Castille and Don Iohn Alphonso of Albuquerque who with many other of their confederates spoiled the whole countrie of Leon but in an incounter hee was defeated and taken afterwards beeing but slieghtly garded hee found meanes to escape and came to the court at Toro whereas Queene Mary was deliuered of D. Beatrix her daughter in the yeere of our Lord 1293. An. 1293. The King Don Sancho beeing aduertised that Mahumet Mâ—r Almus Lemi King of Granado was like to make some attempt hee sent the Earle Don Iohn Nugnes de Lara with Don Iohn Nugnes his sone and Don Nugno Gonçales vnto the fronter The Earle of Lara the father beeing come to Cordoua died This motion of the Granadin Moore was but an idle brute wherefore the troupes returned And for that Don Denis King of Portugall died receiue the Infant Don Iohn of Castille and the other rebelles the King D. Sancho sent him word that according to their capitulations hee could not giue any retreat vnto his enemies and therefore he intreated him to cause them to depart his Countrie with all speed the which he did The Infant D. Iohn going to sea meaning to passe into France was driuen by a storme to Tanger from whence hee went to kisse the hands of the Miralmumin Aben Iacob who entertained him courteously and hauing conferred with him of the affaires of Spaine D. Iohn of Castille brings the Moores into Spaine against the King his brother knowing that he was desirous to annoy the King of Castille his brother hee offred him fiue thousand horse to make the enterprise of Tariffe the which D. Iohn did willingly accept returned into Spaine and besieged Tariffe thinking to finde it vnfurnished but D. Alphonso Perez de Guzman had wisely prouided and defended it valiantly It is not knowne by what accident a sonne of D. Alphonso Perez was fallne into the Moores hands but some Authors write that D. Iohn seeing there was no meanes to take this place by force hauing demaunded a parle hee led this child vnto the ditch and told the father who was vpon the walles that if hee did not
Don Pedro of Arragon to whome this Princesse gaue a courragious and sharpe answer reiecting this marriage as vnfit and pernitious The Infant Don Iohn the Kings vncle beeing arriued in Granado came to Extremadura and seazed vpon the towne of Pont or Alcantara and then entred into Portugal where by the fauor of the King Don Denis he tooke vppon him the title of King of Castile both of them writing to the Inhabitants of the frontier that they should hold him for their Prince and Soueraigne Lord and Don Denis not content herewith sent to proclaime warre against the Queene D. Maria and Don Henry The wise Queene mother withstood all these dangers and preuented them as well as she could yeelding to the malice of the time resisting some and giuing contentment to others with the least preiudice she could The king of Portugall came to Cite Roderigo whereas the afflicted Queene mother with her sonne and puple were and there they did in some sort renew their old allyanâ—es they imposed silence to the Infant Don Iohn who seemed to relinquish and they did againe conclude a future marriage betwixt the king Don Fernand and D. Constance Infanta of Portugal To these intestine troubles were added the enterprises of the Nauarrois and Arragonois D. Alphonso de 〈…〉 into 〈◊〉 who led by Alphonso de la Cerde calling himselfe King of Castile entred the country by S. Esteuan de Gormas and passing vnto Leon hee was there receiued without any difficultie There Don Iohn who was rebelled againe caused himselfe to be crowned king of Leon diuiding betwixt them the Realmes of Spaine so as Don Alphonso should be king of Castile Toledo Cordoua Murcia and Iaen and the Infant Don Iohn of Leon Gallicia Extremadura and Seuile Into this confederacie entred the Kings of Arragon Consederacy against 〈…〉 Portugal Granado and the Queene D. Violant widow to the king Don Alphonso with whom there also ioyned Philip of France and Nauarre with many Noblemen and Knights of the Countrie in all whose names Don Iames king of Arragon had spent to proclaime warre against the Queene D. Maria and her sonne Don Fernand in the yeare 1269. so as there was a pittifull reuolt in all parts of Spaine these afflicted Princes mother and sonne An. 1296. hauing no entrance into any towne without great difficultie Afer this inuasion of Leon the Nauarrois and Arragonois led by D. Alphonso entred into Sahagun where they crowned him king of Castile and tooke Villagarcia Tordesillas Medina del Riosecco la Mota Villa Fafila with many other places and forts Notwithstanding beeing at the seege of Maiorga a place distant fiue leagues from Sahagun he continued there three moneths and finding no man to make resistance God shewed his power for the plague falling in the Nauarrois and the Arragonois Campe they were forced to rayse their seege and make a truce with the Queene widow to return home who beeing opprest with infinit miseries without counsell ayde or support nâ—t onely made a truce but also sent them linnen carpets and such like things to the end they might carry away the bodies of many Noblemen and Knights which were dead of this contagion Plague in Don 〈◊〉 de la 〈◊〉 campe the more honorably among the which were the Infant D. Pedro of Arragon Don Symon of Vâ—rea and Raymond Anglesol Arragonois giuing commandement that they should suffer them to cary them away without any let or hinderance Thus some retired into Nauarre and others into Arragon The king D. Iames on the other side being entred by the fronters of Murcia had conquered the greatest part of that kingdome Hee of Portugal notwithstanding the conference and league made at Cite Roderigo shewed himselfe in armes vpon the fronter and had spoiled the countrie vnto Simanca and neere to Vailledolit where beeing aduertised of the Nauarrois retreat hee returned also Innâ—sion of Castile by the king of Granado hauing taken most of the places of Alfajates and Sabugal with some othes about those quarters but the king of Granado thinking to effect some great matter in Andalusia was repulsed by D. Alphonso Perez de Guzman Gouernor of that Prouince 16 During these warres many Iewes mooued with feare more then with deuotion turned to the Christian Religion in Spaine whree they had dwellings Synagogues almost in all good townes The occasion was that in the citty of Auila there rose vp a certaine man of the Iewish nation who tearmed himselfe a Prophet with whom another of the town of Aillon thrust on with the like spirit did ioyne who telling of many secret reuelations prophesied vnto the Iewes that the time of their deliuerance did approch The authority of these two personages well knowe was not little among them and therefore they were easily credited and the rather for that they did accompany their preachings and discourses with modestic grauitie and holinesse in their outward behauiour so as these newes running throughout all Spaine the people gaue themselues to prayers fasting almes and all other commendable good workes attending the day of their redemption the which was foretold them by these Prophets and appointed the last day of the fourth moneth on the which sayd they should appeare many signes in heauen with a loud sound of a trumpet Thus hauing past the time in great repentance feare and terrour vnto that day they were throughout all the townes earely in the morning all attired in white before their Synagogues as they are accvstomed to do the day of their expiation to pray vnto God to see those celestiall signes and to receiue their Messias but seeing nothing they returned to their houses whither beeing comes as they say there appeared many crosses on the walles and vpon their garments whereof some made good vse thinking it came from our Sauiour Iesus Christ who reprooued their hardnes of heart and therefore acknowleding the error wherein they had liued receiued the holy baptisme among the which was a great Phisition called Alphonso who did afterwards write against the Iewes obstinacie Others persisting in their impietie did beleeue that these crosses were illusions of the diuell to deceiue them The storme wherewith Castile had beene beaten from Nauarre Arragon Portugal Granado and her owne rebels beeing somewhat pacified the Queene-mother ledde an armie into the country of Leon whereas the Infant D. Iohn raigned and beseeged Paredez and on the other side D. Henry went to the fronters of Granado where hee was defeated and put to flight and without the speedie assistance of Alphonso Perez de Guzman he had beene taken This losse which did much preiudice the Realme of Castile was accompanied with combustions and practises which Don Henry made to the hurt of the king Don Fernand in the city of Toledo and the Diocesse of Auila and Segobia where hauing gathered some troupes together he marched to the campe before Paredez and wrought so as he made them raise the seege vnder colour of holding
accorded at his comming to the Estates 4 Bry and Champaigne hereditarie to the House of Nauarre 5 The family of Beaumont in Naurarre 6 D. Alphonso the fourth of that name King of Portugall 7 Murther of D. Iohn the Blind Prince of Castile by the commandement of King Don Alphonso the 12. King of Castile 8 D. Alphonso the 4. of that name King of Portugal 9 Disordered affections of Don Alphonso King of Castile the Kings trenheries enuie of Courtiers murthers and massacres 10 Loue of the king D. Alphonso with D. Leonora of Guzman 11 Ancient custome in choosing the Lords of Alaua to gouerne the country vnder the Soueraigntie of Castile abolished and the vnion of that Prouince 12 Order of the Knights of the band instituted by the king D. Alphonso their lawes and orders 13 Continuance of the kings of Maroc in Affricke exploits of warre betwixt the Christians and the Moores 14 The children of D. Alphonso King of Castile of diuerse conditions Troubles and poursuits of Rebels 15 Estate of Nauarre warre betwixt the Castillans and Nauarrois 16 Estate of Arragon warre against the Sardes and the Geneuots their allies 17 D. Pedro the fourth of that name and 13. King of Arragon 18 Troubles in Castile cruelties of King D. Alphonso the twelfth 19 Warre of the Moores against Castile whereof followed the famous battell of Salado 20 Disposition of D. Pedro king of Arragon his hatred against Don Iames king of Maiorca his kinsman 21 Continuance of the warre betwixt Castile and Arragon 22 Estate of Nauarre the voyage of King Philip of Eureux into Andalusia and his death 23 Seege of Algezire and the taking thereof 24 Vniust persecution of D. Iames king of Maiorca by D. Pedro king of Arragon 25 Donation of the Ilands of the Canaries to Don Lewis de la Cerde by Pope Clement the sixth 26 Marriages of D. Pedro the fourth king of Arragon Seditions and rebellions of his subiects for the succession and how he subâ—â—â—â— sarragossa and Valencia 27 Politicke acts of Don Alphonso king of Castile Estates held in Castile Continuance of the royall Families of Spayne whereof mention is made in this 14. Booke NAVARRE 28 Charles the Faire 29 Philip of Eureux by reason of Ieanne his wife daughter to Lewis Hutin ARRAGON 12 D. Alphonso 4. 13 D. Pedro 4. PORTVGAL 7. D. Alphonso 4. Charles the Faire the first of that name and eight and twentith King of Nauarre TO King Philip being dead at Fontainbleau without heires male succeeded in the yeere of our Lord 1321. his brother Charles the Faire in the two Realmes of France and Nauarre to the preiudice of his Neece Ieanne the lawfull heire of Nauarre Charles when hee was farre from these successions had put away Blanche his wife being conuicted of adultery as hath beene sayd whose life was saued for that the marriage might bee dissolued without death by the Popes authority for that there was betwixt the husband and the wife a spiritual alliance which had made the marriage vnlawfull so as by consequent there was no adultery but simple fornication for that Charles the Faire was Godfather to Blanche Wherefore hee tooke to his second wife the daughter of Henry of Luxembourg Emperor and sister to Iohn King of Bohemia Marriage of King Charles the first hauing first demaunded in marriage Donna Violant of Arragon daughter to the King D. Iames the second but could not obtaine her for some reasons In the beginning of King Charles his raigne Ponce Morantin being Gouernor and Viceroy of the country the castle of Gorriti was surprized by them of Guipuscoa from the Nauarrois for this and other considerations the Gouernor hauing raised an army of Nauarrois and French entred into Guipuscoa being resolued to put the country to fire and sword and beginning by Tolousa in Guipuscoa he burned Berastegui and did incredible harm sparing neither holy nor prophane Marching towards Beotiba the Nauarrois army was stayed at the foot of the mountaines by the Guipuscoans who were gathered together to the number of eight hundred some say eight thousand in armes vnder the conduct of Gil Lopes of Ognes Lord of Larrea and were seized vpon the Straights and places of aduantage where the army should passe hauing planted some peasants vpon the tops of the rockes and precipices who when the body of the army beeing aduanced in these difficult passages should march they should roule downe pipes full of stones which they had prepared the which ouerthrew many Defeat of Nauarrois in Guipuscoa and besides put such a disorder in the army as that eight hundred armed men which were vpon the passages presented themselues and put all their enemies to rout with a wonderfull slaughter and tooke all their baggage the which was esteemed worth a hundred thousand liuers a matter almost incredible considering the inequality of their forces but it is witnessed not onely by the records of Guipuscoa but also of Nauarre so dangerous is the hazard of warre and so great an aduantage doth the scituation of a country giue when it is well chosen by a wise and expert captaine Amongst the men of marke that were slaine in the Nauarrois army were found the Viceroys brother Men of account slaine and D. Michel Sanches Alaues D. Martin of Roncal Martin Vrtiz the Lord of Rosobel Iohn Corboran of Leer Iohn Martines of Medrano Iohn Henriques D. Martin de la Pegna Pero Sotes Iohn Lopes of Vrros Merin Major of the Mountaine Peter of Ayuar Martin of Vrsa sonne to Martin of Ayuar who carried the Standard royal and others to the number of fiue and fifty knights Amongst the prisoners was Martin of Ayuar and an other sonneof his The number of souldiars that were slaine was very great and of this incounter they doe at this day sing songs both in Castille and Guipuscoa in their country language Here of grew other warres betwixt Castille and Nauarre In the yeere of our Lord 1324. Queene Mary beeing dead King Charles married the third time with Ieanne daughter to Lewis of France Third marriage of King Charles Earle of Eureux and sister to Philip of Eureux who was King of Nauarre soone after by reason of his wife Ieanne daughter to King Lewis Hutin heire of Nauarre The same yeere Nauarette of Pampelone by the permission of Charles was begunne to be re-edefied hauing beene ruined eight and forty yeeres before by Robert Earle of Arthois This King Charles the Faire nor his brother Philip the Long neuer came into Nauarre Princes absence cause of liberty and disorder by reason whereof many grew insolent especially vpon the frontiers against the will of their Prince the Gouernors and Viceroys winking at them who regarded more their owne priuat proffit and passions then the honour and seruice of their Maister wherefore betwixt the Nauarrois and Arragonois of the frontiers of Sanguessa Real and other bordering places notwithstanding any accord the Kings had made there was
stil roades and spoyling one of an other so as the Arragonois were forced to keepe great garrisons in those parts whereof the King of Arragon complayned to King Charles who commanded still that they should liue like neighbours and friends but he was not obeyed In the yeere of our Lord 1328. King Charles died at Bois de Vincennes haing raigned seuen yeeres and some daies leauing Queene Ieanne his wife with child who was deliuered of a daughter called Belanche married afterwards to Philip Duke of Orleance hee was buried at Saint Denis in France After the death of this King there were great quarrels and diuisions both in France and Nauarre In France for that during the Queenes being with child Edward King of England sonne to Isabel of France sister to the deceased King maintained that the Gouernment did belong to him One the other side Philip sonne to Charles Earle of Valois cousin germaine to the three last Kings said that the regency did belong to him as next heire to the crowne of France which did not belong but to males descended of males and was regent The Queene beeing deliuered at Bois de Vincennes of a daughter Philip of Regent was proclaymed King against the pretensions of Edward King of England who was put by vnder collour of the Salique law Herevpon followed great and continuall warres which had in a manner ruined France if God had not releeued it These contended a doubtfull title which belonged to neither of them if the crowne had fallne to the femal for Ieanne daughter to King Lewis Hutin did precede them al. 2 The death of King Charles beeing knowne in Nauarre this nation which was accustomed to liue licentiously for that they had not a long time seene the face of their Kings thought now they had gotten liberty to doe what they pleased so as they beganne to mutine and to raise seditions in all the townes of the realme In the end they discharged their choller vpon the Iewes who were dispersed throughout the townes in great numbers and very odious to the Christians as well by reason of the diuesity of religion Mâ—ssaker of Iewes in Nauarre as for their excessiue vsury whereby they did exhaust al their substance wherefore they beganne to spoile them in all places as enemies at Estella Viana Funes Marzilla and many other places with so great cruelty and greedinesse to get as it is sayd they slue aboue tenne thousand persons of that sect men women and little children To redresse which excesse and to take away the cause the Estates of Nauarre assembled at Puenta la Reyna to resolue without any respect to whom the realme of Nauarre belonged whether to Edward King of England or to D. Ieanne Countesse of Eureux The Estates were referred to Pampelone the chiefe towne of the Realme whereas their opinions were diuers many holding that King Edward should haue the Realme of Nauarre as grandchild borne of the daughter to Queene Ieanne daughter to King Henry rather then the Countesse of Eureux in regard of the sex others and with more reason held for the Countesse who was in the same degree but daughter to a sonne and heire to Queene Ieanne and peruailed drawing the rest to their opinion 3 Thus was Ieanne Countesse of Eureux declared the true and lawfull Queene of Nauarre D. Ieanne Queene of Nauarre in the yeere of our Lord 1328. the realme hauing beene vacant about foure monthes And vntill that she and Cont Philip her husband should come and take possession of the Realm An. 1328. they declared Regent and Viceroy D. Iohn Corboran of Leer Standard-bearer of the realme and Iohn Martines of Medrano Philip the third of that name the nine and twentith King of Nauarre PHilip Earle of Eureux sonne to Lewis of France who was sonne to Philip the third sonne to the King Saint Lewis is counted by vs for the nine and twentith King of Nauarre the third of that name and was surnamed the noble As soone as the Election was made by the Estates of Nauar they sent Ambassadors to Ph. of Valois the French King to let him vnderstand the reasons that the King elected had vnto the realme which had mooued the Estates to make this election and by the same Ambassadors they aduertised Philip of Eureux and Ieanne his wife thereof sommoning them to come and take possession of the realme and to gouerne it The French King did no way hinder it wherefore the Kings of Nauarre elect prepared for their voiage and arriued there about the beginning of the yeere of our Lord 1329. An. 1329. hauing not seene a King in their country of a long time The Prelats Knights and wise men of the realme before their comming had set downe in writing the conditions wherevnto they would receiue them in the succession of the realme the which before the solemnities of the coronation and oth they presented vnto Philip and to Ieanne his wife the which they yeelded willingly vnto The Estate beeing assembled at Pampelone these conditions were sworne by them whereof the principal Articles were 1 First to the Estates to maintaine and keepe the rights Articles sworn by the Kings of Nauarre lawes customes liberties and preuiledges of the Realme both written and not written and whereof they were in possession to them and their successors for euer and not to diminish but rather augment them 2 That they should disanull all that had beene done to the preiudice thereof by the King their Predecessours and by their Ministers without delay notwithstanding any let 3 That for the terme of twelue yeeres to come they should not coine any money but such as was then currant within the Realme and that during their liues they should not conine aboue one sort of new money and that they should distribute part of the reuenues profits and commodities of the realme vnto the subiects 4 That they should not receiue into their seruice aboue foure strangers but should imploy them of the country 5 That the forts and garrisons of the realme should be giuen to gentlemen borne and dwelling in the Country and not to any stranger who should doe homage to the Queene and promise for to hold them for her and for the lawfull heire of the countrie 6 That they should not exchange nor ingage the realme for any other Estat whatsoeuer 7 That they should not sell nor ingage any of reuenues of the crowne neither should make any law nor statute against the realme nor against them that should lawfully succeed therein 8 That to the first sonne which God should giue them comming to the age of twenty yeeres they should leaue the Kingdome free and without factions vpon condition that the Estates should pay vnto them for their expences a hundred thousand Sanchets which was a peece of gold then currant or in other French money equiualent 9 That if God gaue them no children in that case they should leaue the realme after
them free with the forts in the hands of the Estates to inuest them to whom by right it should belong 10 That if they infring any of these Articles or any part of them the subiects should be quit of their oth of subiection which they ought them These Articles being promised and sworne by the King and Queene they were sollemnly crowned and the Deputies of the Estates Noblemen and Officers of the crowne tooke their oth of obedience Coronation of Philip of Eueâ—euâ— in the Cathedral chruch of Pampelone And afterwards there were orders set downe by the King and Queene for the Gouernment of the Realme the which being written were sent into France and confirmed by King Philip of Valois at Paris the same yeere of our Lord 1329. After that time the French Kings had no command in Nauarre hauing held that realme eight and fifty yeeres vnited to the crowne of France yet King Philip of Valois retained of the inheritance of his cousin the Countesse of Bry and a while after hee gaue them other lands in exchange yet not of that value Philip and Ieanne King of Nauarre had these children following Genealogy of Nauarre Charles who succeded in the realme Philip Earle of Longueuille Lewis Earle of Beaumont le Royer and afterwards Duke of Duras Ieanne married to the vicont of Rohan Mary Queene of Arragon wife to D. Pedro the ceremonious Blanche Queene of France last wife to Philip of Valois and Agnes Countesse of Foix married to Gaston Phaebus some of which were borne before their Election and some after Lewis the third sonne of this marriage was Earle of Beaumont in Normandie for that he married the heire of that house by whom he had one sonne called Charles of Beaumont who married the daughter of the Vicont of Mauleon in Nauar Beginning of the house of Beaumont in Nauarre and was the first Standard-bearer of the realm through the fauour of King Charles his vncle Of this Charles of Beaumont is descended the house of Beaumont in Nauarre After the death of the Countesse of Beaumont Lewis married Ieanne daughter and heire to the Duke of Duras vpon the coast of Macedonia towards the Adriatike sea and was intitled Duke These things being done in Nauarre King Philip being aduertised that the French King marched with a mighty army against the Flemings rebelled who had chased away Lewis their Earle and committed many insolencies against the Kings Officers both in words and deeds he parted out of Nauarre beeing loath to faile him at need who had so kindly suffered him to take possession of the Realme leauing the Queene D. Ieanne to gouerne Nauarre He was present at the battaile which King Philip of Valois gaue the Flemings at Cassel whereas twenty thousand were slaine vpon the place by meanes whereof Count Lewis was restored to his Estate and the Flemings subdued This warre being ended the King of Nauarre returned into his realme It was then that the Infant D. Alphonso de la Cerde sonne to D. Fernand eldest sonne to King D. Alphonso of the Astrologuer being ill intreated in Castille Donation made by the Infant D Alphonso de la Cerde to the Kings of Nauarre where he pretended the crowne made a donation vnto the crowne of Nauarre of the rights which he pretended in Guipuscoa Alaua Rioja and other lands the which had in former times belonged to Nauarre and were vsurped and retained by the Kings of Castille Some affirme that this donation was made in the yere of our Lord 1330. But howsoeuer King Philip desirous to do Iustice to gouerne his Realm wel which had great need and therefore was necessary to entertaine peace with his neighbours made no great account thereof at that time but sent Ambassadors to D. Alphonso then raigning in Castile Ambassadors sent from Nauarre to Castille to seeke his friendship The Ambassadors found the King at Talauera la Reyna who entertained them well Their Ambassage was that the Realme hauing many yeeres wanted the Soueraigne Magistate and in a manner abandoned by their Kings it was no wonder if many things had happened contrarie to the ancient alliances betwixt the houses of Castille and Nauarre for what did the Viceroys and Gouernors care beeing strangers hauing no resemblance of manners nor other bond of friendship with the Spaniards how all things went so as they were obeyed in the country and that they might vaunt they had rather done wrong then receiued any keeping continuall garrisons of strangers ready to commit any insolencies whereof God had some times shewed his Iudgement euen in the last incounter neere vnto Beotibar where by an extraordinary and miraculous punishmen God had chastised the negligence of the foure last Kings which had held the realme of Nauarre who had respected it so little as they had scarce looked towards it yea the two last neuer came nere it which had made the bad to grow more insolent and so to continue vntill that the lawfull heires of the crowne of Nauarre were come to their possession by the decease of King Charles the Faire Philip Earle of Eureux husband to their true Queene D. Ieanne being called to raigne who had sent this Ambassage vnto him to let him vnderstand these things as a neighbour Prince and friend with whom they desired to entertaine peace and friendship by all good offices which Princes and neighbour Estates may receiue one from an other The King D. Alphonso hauing heard this Ambassage fitted vnto the deseignes of the new Kings of Nauarre moderating the things which had past betwixt these two realms before their Election answered that hee was glad the Nauarrois had had meanes to recouer them for their Kings to whom the crowne did by right belong and that for his part he desired to entertaine a perpetuall friendship with King Philip and Queene Ieanne and to shew it by the effects in any occasion that should be offered wherewith he would acquaint his subiects to the end their Kings vassals both Nauarrois and French should be well intreated in Castille and if any wrong were done them it should bee repaired and that they should aduertise their Kings on his behalfe to doe the like in thier countries The Ambassadors returning with this answere gaue great contentment to King Philip who to administer Iustice erected a new Court of Parliament in Nauarre the which was called New to distinguish it from the Old hee and the three Estates of the realme naming men worthy of that charge The like Ambassage was sent by him into Arragon and Portugal who were returned with pleasing answers Matters beeing thus setled in a better Estate then before Ambassadors from Nauarre to Arragon and Portugal the King and Queene returned into France leauing for Gouernor a French gentleman called Henry of Guliac or of Solibert but with a more lymited power then former Viceroys and Gouernors Such was the Estate of Nauarre vnto the yeere 1331. Let vs now returne
both captaines and souldiars ranne like madde men one vpon an other with greater obstinacy then against their enemies and many were cruelly slaine so as this rage had a manner ruined the Arragonois Estate in that Island but God had otherwise decreed for the Pisans beeing very weake and brought low with the long precedent warres Pisans quit the Island of Sardinia which they had sustained both against the Geneuois and Arragonois did quit the Island of Sardinia by an agreement made betwixt the King of Arragon and their Senat in the yeere of our Lord 1326. so as the towne of Sassari was yeelded to the Arragonois Pisans quit the Island of Sardinia the Marquis of Malespina surceasing and promising to be obedient to the King and his Lieutenants Thus the Kings of Arragon became Lords of Sardinia without contradiction for a time but in their owne country of Cattelogne and Valencia there wanted no troubles and quarrels which grew amongst the Noblemen of the country Troubles and quarrels where is much idle Nobility beeing an ordinary thing that whereas there is great store of idle Nobilitie there is alwaies 〈◊〉 and contention to the oppression of the people D. Arnaud Roger Earle of Palliars and Raymond Folch Vicout of Cardona were then in armes one against an other by reason of a murther committed on the person of D. William Queralt whereof the Earle of Palliars was accused and either of them hauing a great troupe of friends and Partisans held allattelogne in confusion with their horrible insolencies In the country of Valencia D. Iames Lord of Xerica was in quarrell with his owne mother D. Beatrix of Loria and would haue put her out of her lands and possessions so as this quarrel did in a manner diuide the King and his sonne D. Alphonso the one supporting the mother and the other the sonne The soueraigne should alwaies be a Iudge and not a Partisan in his subiects quarrels These quarrels were reconciled with much paine for when as the Souveraigne Magistrate doth medle in his subiects quarrels and of a iudge becomes a Partisan his authority leanes to the one side and the remedies are more difficult and lesse effectuall D. Iames of Xerica during these troubles married the widowe Queene of D. Sancho of Majorca whose name was Mary sister to Robert King of Naples a woman of an vnchast life In the yeere of our Lord 1327. Don Iames the Young of Majorca did homage for the Islands and Land which the held as well in Cattelogne as on this side the mountaines to the King of Arragon as to his soueraigue in the presence of Don Philip his vncle and Tutor Don Pedro and Don Raymond Berenger the Kings children Caston of Moncade Bishoppe of Huesca and many others and within few daies after Don Iames King of Arragon died in the towne of Barcelona hauing raigned sixe and thirty yeeres foure monthes and a halfe A Prince rather inclined to good then bad to whom learning and learned men owe the foundation of the Vniuersitie of Lerida in Cattelogne seuen and twenty yeeres before his death which hee endowed with many preuiledges and would haue that alone throughout all his dominions forbidding all other schooles but for Grammer and Logicke His bodie lies buried in the Monastery of Santa Cruz. D. Alphonso the fourth of that name the twelfth King of Arragon DOn Alphonso his sonne succeeded him to whom was giuen the surname of pittifull Hee was not the eldest but that Don Iames his eldest brother quitting in his fathers life time the succession of the crowne of Arragon as wee haue said entred and inuested himselfe into that Order of Knights of Saint Iohn of Ierusalem Hee was King This was his issue During his fathers life Genealogy of Arragon hee married first Donna Therefa of Entenza Countesse heire of Vrgell by whom hee had the Infant Don Pedro borne at seuen monthes end who was King and he Infant Don Iames Earle of Vrgell and Vicont of Ajar and moreouer foure other sonnes and one daughter who died verie yong and are interred at Sarragossa in Saint Francis Church with their mother Donna Constance who was wife vnto Don Iames the last King of Majorca Donna Theresa had not the title of a Queene for that shee died foure daies before the King Don Iames her father in lawe Beeing King hee tooke to his second wife Donna Leonora of Castille daughter to the King Don Fernand the fourth who was mother to Don Fernand Marquisse of Tortoça who married at Ebora Donna Maria of Portugal daughter to the King Don Pedro and was slaine by the commaundement of his brother raigning an Arragon hee had also by her Don Iohn who died in Castille Don Alphonso beeing come to the crowne hee gaue the countrie of Vrgel and other Lands to his second sonne Don Iames. Comming to Saragossa where the generall Estates were assembled hee tooke and receiued a reciprocall oth according to the auncient custome of Kings his predecessors and was crowned King in the yeere of our Lord 1328. in which yeere were crowned in Nauarre Philip of Eureux in France Philip of Valois and at Rome the Emperour Lewis of Bauaria At this Coronation of King Don Alphonso did assist with the Deputies of the Estates Don Iames of Arragon Lord of Xerica Don Pedro Iuge of Arborea Don Raymond Folc Vicount of Cardona Don Arnauld Roger of Mataplane Earle of Palliars Don Alphonso Fernandes of Arragon Lord of Ixar Don Lope de Luna Don William and Berenger Anglesol Don Iohn Ximenes of Vrrea Don Pedro Ceruel Don William Ceruillon Don Othon of Moncado and Don Othon of Fosses with other Noblemen There were aboue two hundred and fiftie Knights made with the ceremonies accustomed in those times where there was present the Ambassadors of Iohn King of Bohemia called Henry Bomallia who brought a promise from his Maister that hee would come into Spaine to make warre against the Moores with the King of Arragon the which he did not The warre which Arragon made against the Infidells King of Arragon makes warre against the Moores of Affricke was more in Affrike then in Spaine for the opportunity of Sardinia did inuite the Kings of Arragon for to raise their powers and make warre against the Moores which commaunded at Tunes Bugie and Tremessen Notwithstanding beeing mutined againe by the perswasion of the Geneuois this yeere a truce was made betwixt the King of Arragon and Abubacar pettie King of Tunes and Bugia and Abduria Hamen King of Tremessen The Court beeing at Daroca about the end of this yeere an Edict was made that for tenne yeeres no towne castle gouernment nor any customes imposts or places of Iustice whatsoeuer should bee giuen or alyenated from the reuenewes of the Crowne the which the King seeking afterwardes for to breake it caused great alterations and tumults Don Iames King of Maiorca did a new homage to King D. Alphonso for his realme and other lands
submitting himselfe to the Souveraignty of Arragon After all these things they thought to prouide for the reuolts of Sardinia whereas Barnabe d' Oria Reuolts in Sardinia beeing young and ill aduised had surprized Castle Geneuois and chased away the garrisons which were placed there by the vncles Cassan and Galeaz whom Azon Marquisse of Malespina did aide and support but Cassan and Galeaz Oria hauing incounted Azon and his troupes marching towards Castel Geneuois they fought with them defeated them and tooke Azon prisoner wee shall hereafter make mention of these new broiles but we must returne to the affaires of Castille and other countries of Spaine The league made in Castille Castile betwixt Don Iohn Manuel and Don Iohn the Blinde beeing broken by a treaty of a future marriage betwixt the King and D. Constance Manuel D. Iohn Manuel went vnto his Gouernment vpon the frontier wherevnto hee had beene in consideration thereof newly aduanced and remained at Cordoua from whence hee issued forth one daie beeing aduertised of a great troupe of Moores Granadins led by Ozmin who was chosen gouernor of the King and Realme of Granado and Commaunder of the souldiars about Antiquero the which hee charged sodainely and made a great and cruell slaughter of them vpon the riuer of Guadal-force beeing assisted by the holie Knights of Saint Iaimes Calatraua Alcantara and their Maisters Ozmin had beene chosen to his dignity by the Granadins Moores who were ignorant or at least dissembled how ill hee had beene affected to the deceased king Ismael seeing the power of the realme in his hands hee brake the truce without any cause and surprized Rute beeing il garded by the Christians beeing lawfull for him to dispose of the affaires of the kingdome during the minority of king Mahumet seeing there was not any man of authority to contradict him the good fathful Alguazil or Prouost who had put the scepter into the hands of Mahumet and reuenged his fathers death beeing dead in whose place was substituted a Christian renegado borne at Calçade whose name was Rodnan 7 King D. Alphonso during these things went from Burgos to Toro Castile where he sought by all milde courses to winne D. Iohn the Blinde seeming to haue a desire to giue him contentment and to honour him Treachery of D. Alphonso King of Castille against eishbloud wherevnto D. Iohn yeelded and beeing inuited to dine with the King vpon All Saints day thinking to make good cheere he was by the Kings commandement murthered with two Knights his vassalls called Garci Fernandes Sarmiento and Lopes Aluares of Hermosilla After this fact to vnseemely for a King who is the mirror of Iustice they made his processe who beeing layed vpon a Beere couered with a blacke cloath the King condemned him as a traitor and did confiscate all his goods and vnited them to the crowne hauing aboue fourescore townes and castles The deceased left one only daughter his heire the which was conueied into France by her Gouernesse and came to Bayone which at that time was held by the English and was afterwards wife to D. Iohns Nugnes de Lara D. Maria Diaz de Haro d. Iohns mother who was then in the Monastery of Peralez hearing of his death and wanting good councel Biscay sold to King D. Alphonso by the perswasion of D. Garcilaço de la Vega should the Siegneury of Biscay to the King the which was not confiscable for it was her patrimony yet the King did not enioy it very soone neither is the sale very certaine the murther of D. Iohn the Blinde comming to the knowledge of D. Iohn Manuel made him to stand vpon his gard wherefore leauing the fronter and the Kings forces hee retired to a castle of his called Chincilla where he fortefied himselfe from whence the King could not of a long time draw him notwithstanding all promises and assurances wherefore hee himselfe came to Seuille where hee made a stately entry and beganne to make warre against the Moores with great perparation both by land and sea Thether came a sonne of Ozmines called Abraham the drinker for that hee drinke wine who offered for to doe him seruice and hee was entertained On the othe side D. Iohn Manuell gaue the King of Granado to vnderstand that he was at his commaundement and that hee would giue him great meanes to anoy the King of Castile In the yeere of our Lord 1328. King Don Alphonso did beseege Oluera and tooke it by composition to haue their liues and goods saued in the meane time beeing aduertised that the Moores of Ayamont fearing a seege sent their wiues and vnnecessary people towards Ronde hee sent the troupes of Seuile to spoile them and to take this multitude prisoners Ruy Gonçales of Mancanedo who led this companie did effect what hee had in charge but seeking to attempt Ayamont the Moores within it made a verie furious sallie vpon him and his troupes and put them all to rout tooke away their Standard and slue him that carried it and but for the Archbishop of Seuile who made it good and withstood the force of the Barbarians with some knights and souldiars which hee had rallied together they had beene all cut in peeces The King after the taking of Oluera came to Pruna a strong towne which had a castle impregnable yet there were two Christians which did assure the King that they had a meanes to take it The King hauing giuen them a good troupe and set them to worke he gaue a generall assault to the towne with his whole army so as the beseeged holding themselues assured of the castle left onely two or three Moores to gard it Pruna taken by the Christians and went all to defend the towne whereby the two Christians with them that followed them had meanes to seize vpon the castle the vnexpected taking whereof made the towne to be presently yeelded From thence the Christian armie went to Ayamont and to the tower of Alfaquin the which yeelded without any resistance Alphonso Geoffrey Tenorio Admirall at Sea gaue battaile to two and twentie gallies some belonging to the King of Granado and some to him of Maroc the which he vanquished and tooke twelue hundred Moores hee sunke foure gallies and carried away three And for this yeere beeing 1328. there was no other exploite of warre done An. 1328. by reason of the rayne and winter approching which made the King returne to Seuile Don Iohn Manuel reuolted against his King and country by reason of disloyalty vsed to D. Iohn the blinde and allied himselfe with the Kings of Arragon and Granado being the more incensed with the newes hee had that the King treated a marriage with the Infanta of Portugal leauing his daughter D. Constance Manuel to whom hee was made sure we haue sayd The Infanta was called Mary and was daughter to King D. Alphonso who had in the yeere of our Lord 1325. succeeded King Denis his father in
Castillans had made in Nauarre Gaston Earle of Foix the first of that name among the which Gaston Lord of Bearne and Earle of Foix made hast to passe the mountaines with many souldiers Bearnois and Gascons and hauing taken view of his troupes at Viane which is a league from Logrogno he entred into Castille where hee made the like spoile as the Castillans had done in Nauarre and then came and camped before Logrogno the Inhabitants whereof sallied forth vpon them beeing led by a gentleman of the country called Ruis Diaz of Gaona but they were repulst into the towne and pursued so neere Defeate of the garrison of Logrogno by the Earle of Foix. as without the valour of Ruis Diaz of Gaona who with three companions made head against the enemies at the entry of the bridge whilst the rest had recouered the towne and assured the Ports they had entred Pel-mel with them and taken Logrogno This Esquier imploied his life for the preseruation of his country imitating but with lesse happinesse the example of the Romaine Horatius Cocles for hee was slaine vpon the bridge The Earle of Foix fayling of his hope to take Logrogno by this meanes retruned with his men to Viana The King of Castille beeing in the meane time aduertised of his comming had commanded many companies of foote and horse to march towards the frontiers meaning that when they had raised a great army they should enter into Nauarre if it were conuenient so as it was likely there would bee a dangerous warre betwixt these two mighty Kingdomes for it is to bee presumed the French King would haue beene engaged in fauour of his cousin Philip King of Nauarre and not to giue occasion to the Spaniards to presume to passe so easily ouer the limits wherewith nature had diuided those two nations But it was the will of God that in this heat of their courrages of either side Iohn Archbishop of Rheims came into Nauar going in pilgrimage to Saint Iames of Gallicia who seeing this warre begunne betwixt the Nauarrois and the Castillans for light occasions wrote a letter to the King of Castile admonishing him to harken vnto a peace The King who was no lesse desirous then the Archbishop imbraced this occasion and shewing that the reuerence of so great a prelat made him willing to obey his holy aduertisments he sent vnto him Martin Fernandes Puerto Carrero D. Gil Carillo of Albornoz Archdeacon of Calatraua in the church of Toledo who was afterwards Cardinall By the aduice and resolution of which three with whom was ioyned Fernand Sanches of Vailledolit notarie Maior or Secretary of Castille who concluded a peace vpon these conditions That there should be peace betwixt Philip King of Nauarre and D. Alphonso King of Castile Peace betwixt Nauarre and Castile their vassals and subiects and a cessation of armes for a certaine time That foure commissioners should bee named two for Nauarre and two for Castile for the restablishment and restitution of what had beene taken of either part and for the reparation of any thing that should bee committed to the preiudice of this accord That the Monastery of Santa Maria of Hitero should be restored to the Monkes who should remaine Neuters vntill it were decided to what iurisdiction it did belong to the end the diuine seruice should not be interrupted nor they any waies molested by the Nauarrois or Castillans That the castles of Tudeguen and Vrsa should remaine in the possession of the King of Castile vntil their differences were decided and a definitiue sentence giuen That in regard of the propriety of the Monastery of Hitero there should bee arbitrators chosen a Nauarrois a Castillan and a Cardinal of Rome who should bee agreeable to both parties to iudge thereof and in the meane time all quarrels should cease betwixt the two realmes Kings and subiects These Articles beeing concluded they were afterwards confirmed by the two Kings 16 During these warres of the King of Castille against the Moores and his Rebels Arragon and against Nauarre the realme of Arragon was troubled with the quarrels and hatred of the Queene D. Leonor against the Infant D. Pedro her sonne in law shewing herselfe in all shee could a right mother in law Wherein shee was the more to bee feared for that she did gouerne the King D. Alphonso her husband at her pleasure and did worke in him what impressions she would so as many times the Infant was in great danger which he did afterwards reuenge Besides these intestine iarres the King of Arragon was much troubled which the continual rebellions of the Sardiniens Sardinien turbulent and their Lords who were for the most part Geneuois but hee wrought so by his wisdome and dilligence as without sing any force but in extremity he reduced most of them to his deuotion Francis d' Orta sonne to Leonard as well in his owne name as of Alion Marian Fabian Dignamin and Nicholas of Oria came and did homage to the King and obtained pardon and confirmation of all the Lands which they did hold in Sardinia vpon condition that they should not giue any aide nor fauour to the rebels and banished men of the towne of Sassari where notwithstanding the King granted a repeale for such as had beene condemned of light crimes but those of the families of the Cathons Pali and d' Oria who had beene condemned of high treason by D. Berenger of Carosso were banished the Island for euer This nation of the Sardes was so prompt to reuolt as notwithstanding any prouision the King of Arragon could make and all accords and treaties hee was constrained to be watchful Geneuois of the Ghibeline faction against the Arragonois in Sardinia with care and exeeding great charge Ayton of Oria hauing rigged out nine gallies and some other Genouay ships of the Ghibeline faction remayning at Sauonne houering about the Island of Sardinia surprized neere vnto Cap de Terre nine ships of Cattelogna and sunke them and so passing on he terrified all the Arragonois in the Island and held the fort of Cailleri as it were beseeged for a time which made all the Sardiniens in a manner to rebel wherevpon D. Alphonso King of Arragon sent D. Raymond of Cardona thether a captaine of great experience and made him Lieutenant general of that Island These things past in the yeere of our Lord 1330. about the time that the Moores did inuade the realme of Murcia of the which wee haue treated at which time the Infant D. Pedro Earl of Ribagorça and Ampurias the Kings brother married Ieanne sister to Gaston Earle of Foix the first of that name and daughter to Roger Bernard The Cattelans enemies irreconciliable to the Geneuois and newly incensed by the losses which they had receiued by the army of Ayton d' Oria who after that he had spoiled all that he found of the Arragonois faction vpon the bankes of Sardinia retired into Corsica to the
the factions and insolencies which followed for D. Iohn Nugnes de Lara being gone from court Hatred betwixt D. Iohn Nugnes de Lara and D. Iohn Alphonso of Albuquerque in a great rage against the Lord of Albuquerque for some byting words cast forth in their controuersies during the Kings sicknesse the cares of this young and ill experienced King cholerike by nature and inclyned to reuenge were filled with the reports of such as gouerned him wherevpon hee was so incensed against this house of Lara their friends and adherents as it was euident that hee sought but an opportunity to doe them some mischiefe The death of D. Iohn Nugnes which followed soone after in the towne of Burgos made his aduersaries deseignes more easie he left for successor to his Siegneuries which were great one sonne but two yeeres old called D. Nugno de Lara And at the same time D. Fernand Manuel Lord of Villena died also leauing one onely daughter named D. Blanch who died also soone after These deathes did much content D. Iohn Alphonso of Albuquerque for that hee was freed from great emulators and aduersaries which hated his authority and the familiarity he had with the King who preferred him before all the Princes and Noblemen of Castile The King was aduised by his councell to seize vpon these young pupils and of their lands according to which hee went towards Burgos causing D. Leonora of Guzman to be brought after him whom hee sent with a good gard to prison to Talauera Being at Henera the importunities of his mother Donna Maria were such as he was forced to deliuer vnto her this poore imprisoned Lady D. Leonora of Guzman murthered by the commandement of the widow queen who with a womanish and boundlesse rage caused her to bee cruelly murthered in reuenge that she had many times defrauded her of the amorous imbracings of the King her husband and presently shee begged all her goods an act which was nothing royal and which did redownd to the great contempt of the deceased King Don Alphonso Since which time and by reason of this murther the towne of Talauera was and is called de la Reyna or of the Queene The King D. Pedro did this being yong and ill aduised Being come to Burgos at his first arriual he caused Garsilaco de la Vega to be slaine in his owne lodging and afterwards there were also dispatcht Alphonso Garcia Camargo Fernandes of Medina and Alphonso Fernandes Noblemen murthered by the commandement of the King D. Pedro. Secretary or Notary a Burgeois of that city al for the quarrels betwixt the Lord of Albuquerque and the house of Lara A lady of honor called D. Mencia wife to Martin Ruis of Abendagno Gouernesse to the yong Infant Nugno de Lara Lord of Biscay hearing of these cruel executions of the new King transported the Infant from Paredes de Naua in Biscay least the King should do it some harme The King hearing thereof pursued them himselfe vnto the bridge of Larra where vnderstanding that the Gouernesse and the Nurce had recouered the town of Vermejo he returned to Burgos and resolued to make war against the Biscayns so as within few daies he sent Ruis Diaz of Rojas to beseege Orosco the which Iohn of Abendagno House of Lara son to Martin aboue named held who yeelded the place by composition In the meane time D. Nugno of Lara died being but three yeers old in the towne of Vermejo by whose decease the Siegneuries of Biscay and others came to his two sisters or to the eldest of them called D. Ieanne of Lara and if she died to D. Isabel the yonger but the King had these yong Ladies in his power with al the lands and Siegneuries of the deceased D. Iohn Nugnes The father of these children had three sisters whereof the eldest named D. Blanch was wife to D. Iohn Manuel The second called D. Marguerite was a religious woman in the towne of Caleruega in the Monastery of Saint Dominike built by King D. Alphonso father to this King and the third D. Maria was married intso France twise first to the Earle of Estampes and next to Charles of Valois Earle of Alençon brother to King Philip the sixth or as some hold his brothers sonne Of the first bed shee had one sonne who was Earle of Estampes and of the second foure whereof the one was Earle of Alençon named Peter the second whom they called Robert Earle of Perch and the two other of the church This Lady Mary did afterwards contend in the time of King Henry the second for the Siegneuries of Biscay as we shal shew at the time of the death of this yong Lord D. Nugno de Lara Siegneuries and rights of the house of Lara there were in this house besides the Siegneury of Biscay the townes of Saint Gadee Loçoya Eglise Salouer Font Burvene Berçoso Cibico of the tower Galez Paredez of Naua Villallon Cuenca of Tamarit Melgar of the frontier Barzon Moral of the Queene Aquilar del Campo Caleruegos Beluer St. Iames de la Puebla by Salamanca Orepeça the field of Arrannelo and other townes besides these great Siegneuries the house of Lara Lords of Biscay had this prerogatiue alwaies to lead the foreward in armies whereas the King was in person In assemblies of the Estates the Lords of Lara were general Attorneies or Deputies for the Nobility by an especial preuiledge and often times they did carry the standard royal Besides these things Don Iohn Nugnes de Lara deceased held by reason of his marriage the townes of Lerma Lands called Beetries in Biscay Alaua and the neighbor countries Villa-franca in the mountaines of Oca Busto Amejugo Balorcanos Tor de Blanco other places besides the rights of Linager which he had as chiefe of the house of Lara and Lord of Biscay to the lands called Beetrias They were certaine lands and passages of the country so named hauing this preuiledge from all antiquity to choose what Lord they pleased out of the nobility of that lynage or family soeuer to command ouer them and to defend them and among them there were some that might change their Lord 7. times a day if they pleased others hauing the like power to change their Lord were yet bound to choose of the same family to those that were first recommended so as they were rights purchased to families many such prerogatiues had the Lords of Biscay and of Lara The liberties of these lands called Beetries the King D. Pedro sought to abolish at the Estates assembled 1351. and the 2. of his raigne at Vailledolit An. 1351. 3 Before he came to the said Estates he was visited by Charls King of Nauar as they did sympathise wel in nature and disposition they made great shewes of loue and gaue royal presents one vnto an other After this enterview the King D. Pedro came to Vailledolit from whence Iohn of Ruel as Bishop of Burgos Aluar Garcia
subiect and a rebell but the king of Portugall excused himselfe and sought to bring D. Iohn Alphonso of Albuquerque again into fauour but it tooke no effect for D. Iohn Alphonso entred into league with the Erle of Transtamare who was one of these Ambassadours and with Don Frederic master of Saint Iames and they proceeded so farre as beeing thrust on with hatred and disdaine of their king they sought to perswade D. Pedro Infant of Portugall to ioyne with them promising to make him king of Castile shewing him that hee had a title beeing Nephew or Grand-child to King Sancho the Braue sonne to his daughter Donna Beatrix But the king Don Alphonso his father crost this proiect and would not suffer his sonne to ingage himselfe in this enterprise The more to haue modestie in contempt and to ouerthrow all diuine and humane lawes 1354. the king Don Pedro in the yeare 1354. wihtout any dispensation from the Pope but onely assisted by two bishops his owne creatures Sancho of Auila and Iohn of Salamanca caused himselfe by their sentence to bee separated from the Queen Donna Blanche and in the towne of Cuellar hee married a Ladie widow to Don Diego of Haro called Donna Ieanne of Castro Second marriage of King D. Pedro his first wife yet liuing daughter to Don Pedro of Castro of whose exquisite beauty hee was much enamoured hauing married her hee had newes of this league made by his breethren with Don Iohn Alphonso of Albuquerque wherefore hee went from Cuellar and gaue this Lady her last adiew who retired to Duegnas where shee past her dayes hauing brought the King a sonne who was named Iohn and causing herselfe to be styled Queene of Castile and Leon. To oppose himslfe against this new conspiracie the king beeing come to Castro Xeris he made the marriage of the Infant Don Iohn of Arragon his cousin with Donna Izabella the second daughter of the deceased Don Iohn Nugnes of Lara And for that hee vnderstood that Don Tello his brother followed the partie of Don Henry and Don Frederic his other breethren he would haue Don Iohn of Arragon take vpbon him the title of Lord of Biscay From thence he past to Toro leauing Donna Maria of Padilla at Castro Xeris beeing readie to be deliuered of a daughter which was named Donna Constance future wife to the Duke of Lancaster an Englishman The Confederates were fortified by Don Fernand of Castro brother to Donna Ieanne married and suddenly abandoned by the King is hatred of the contempt of his sister This king seeing that so many great personages rebelled against him imputing all the cause of this mischiefe vnto his wife the Queene Donna Blanche he caused her to bee taken out of the castell of Areualo and conducted to Toledo Don Iohn Fernandes of Hinestroça Vncle to Donna Maria of Padilla hauing taken the charge thereof This pore Princesse seeing her selfe in her enemies hands and attending nothing but death from her cruell husband as soone as she was entred into the cittie of Toledo shee intreated them to lead her directly vnto the great Church vnder color of deuotion the which was granted her but beeing once entred she would not go foorth but challenged the priuiledge of the place so as presenlty all the cittie of Toledo shewed themselues for her euery one pittying her vnworthie vsage wherefore Don Iohn Fernandes of Hinestroça durst not attempt to force her but returned vnto the king beeing at Segure de la Sierre whither he was come to make warre against Don Frederic Master of Saint Iames. At this newes the king came in a furie to Ocagne and there in the place of Don Frederic Master of S. Iames hee created D. Iohn Garcia of Padilla Master of S. Iames married Lord of Villagera brother to his mistris D. Maria of Padilla the first of all the Mastes of S. Iames that was married In the mean time the Inhabitants of Toledo in generall resolued to keepe the Queene within their towne from all violence and not to receiue the king vntill he were reconciled and did promise to lead an honest life with her As the incensed King thought to be reuenged of all these things he found himself abandoned by many Noblemen of his trayne among the which were the Infants of Arragon his cousins and Don Lopes Sanches of Abendagno great commander of Castile who beeing discontented with his excesse as well in the course of his life as in the gouernment of his Realme and at his ill vsage of the Nobility they ioyned with his brethren and with the citty of Toledo and all those of Andalusia and other Noblemen and Communalties who altogether made petition vnto the King beleeching him that for his owne honour and the publike good he would leaue the company of Donna Maria of Padilla and liue with the Queene Donna Blanche his wife as God had commanded him and common honestie required and that he should gouerne his realm by the good and faithfull councell of good men Donna Leonora his aunt Queene Dowager of Arragon presented this petition vnto him the reuerence of this Lady gaue the confederates hope to obtayne something but she laboured in vine for the king was so much incensed against the confederates and on the other side did so doate on D. Maria of Padilla as he made no accompt of this admonition so as the whole Realme was in combustion and the Princes with others of their faction came to Medina del campo whereon they seazed There Don Iohn Alphonso of Albuquerque was poisoned by an Italian Phisition called Paul Romain beeing hired thereunto by the king D. Iohn Alphonso of Albuquerque poysoned He was Grand-child to Don Denis King of Portugal within few dayes after there were aboue seuen thousand horse at Medina del campo holding the Q. D. Blanches party and the confederates presented a new petition vnto the king who had taken his way to Toro and the chiefe of them spake vnto him about Tejadillo neere vnto Toro beeing fifty Knights in field of either side but they preuayled nothing for the king leauing all went to Vruegna where Donna Maria of Padilla was to bee merry with her Queene Mary the kings mother receiued the Confederates into Toro and wrought so as she drew the king thither where they began to make a kind of accord and to dispose of the Offices of the kings house and of Gouernments and places displacing some and aduancing others as they thought good and namely they disappointed all them of Padilla and their adherents the which the king ratified but against his will as it appeared soone after for he made a dispatch from Tordesillas to Don Pedro Infant of Arragon Earle of Ampurias who gouerned the country of Arragon the King his Nephew beeing then in Cattelogne by the which he complayned of that his subiects had forced him vnto intreating him by the bond of their allyance to be his friend and thereupon he came to
Leonora dowager of Arragon and her children D. Fernand and Don Iohn gaue himselfe to some reformation of politicke things and in the yeare 1350. he abolished the vse of Caesars Aera according to the which they did accompt the yeares and did date their contracts all letters gouerning all their negotiations in Arragon after the ancient manner of Spaine commanding from thence-foorth to follow the computation of yeares taken from the Natiuity of our Lord Iesus Christ. AEra of Caesar abolished in Arragon This manner of computation by Aera had bin brought in by the ancient Spaniards to gratifie Augustus Caesar accompting their yeres from that time that they made a diuision of the world with Mark Anthony and Lepidus Spaine among other Prouinces of Europe was fallen to him alone which was the 4. yeare of his Empire and 38. yeares before the Natiuity of our Lord. The yeare 1351. 1351. following D. Iohn his son beeing borne at Perpignan of his third wife Girone a principality for the eldest son of Arragon D. Leonora of Sicile or Constance according to some hee instantly made him duke of Girone called him Prince of Girone which title the eldest son of Arragon hath since caried and gaue him to be bred vp to Bernard of Cabrera one of his most truly Councellers Moreouer he would haue the Estates sweare vnto this Infant in the towne of Perpignan as heire presumptiue of the Crowne but he was diuerted from this desseine by the perswasions of D. Pedro of Xerica D. Iohn Fernandes of Heredia Prior of S. Iohn and of D. Iohn Lopes of Sesebio Iustice of Arragon who aduertised him that the oath accustomed to be made to kings children and to kings themselues was alwaies first done in Arragon and in the city of Sarragossa and that to breake this order without vrgent occasion could not but breed confusions The ambassadors of Iohn the French king came to him to Perpignan who treated againe of a marriage betwixt Lewis of France duke of Aniou and Ieanne 2. daughter to the king D. Pedro the which took no better effect then the other which had bin treated for D. Constance the eldest There came also vnto this K. ambassadors from the Venetians and Geneuois who were at great wars among themselues either of them affecting his fauor but he inclined most to the common-weale of Genoa as the most profitable for his affaires especially in regard of the Iland of Sardinia but by the perswasion of D. Bernard of Cabrera laying before him the ancient hatred of the Geneuois against the Cattelans their many trecheries of their citizens against the crown of Arragon he made a league with the Venetians in their fauor armed against the Geneuois commanding Ponce of S. Paix League betwixt the king of Arragon the Venetians Generall of the Cattelan army to go into Sicily with 26. gallies well armed the which he did to whom there afterwards ioyned 20. Venetian gallies in the port of Messina commanded by Pancrace Iustinian The Geneuois for their parts had rigged out 65. gallies whereof Perin of Grimaldi was Generall who being past litle before sayling towards Constantinople against the walles of which citty the common-weale of Genoa held the town of Pera were followed by the Arragonois and Venetian armie beeing increased besides the gallies of Iustinian by 16. other Venetian gallies commanded by Nicholas Piçan and of 4. of Valence whereof Ripol a Cattelan had the charge and moreouer of 9. gallies of Iohn Paleologue Emperour of Constantinople then raigning The two armies coming to fight in the streight of the Bosphore of Thrace the Cauelans and Venetians had the victory but very bloudy for they lost 14. gallies yet most of the soldiers were saued Ponce of S. Paix chiefe of the Cattelans with the toyle he had endured that day and it may be by some wounds he had receiued dyed soone after at Constantinople Battel very cruel betwixt the Genouois and Venetians Ricol was slaine in the fight Pancrace Iustinian dyed also at Constantinople of the wounds he had receiued and there dyed many other Gentlemen and Venetian soldiers during the conflict As for the Geneuois there were 24. gallies taken or sunke with all their burthens the rest of the Cattelans hauing repaired 11. gallies which remayned of their fleet able to serue for the rest were so broken as they were altogether vnprofitable mette at Negrepont whereas 12. gallies of Cattelogne and Valencia sent for a supply by the King D. Pedro did also enter and there they also ioyned with the rest of the Venetian gallies These two States being perswaded by the Pope Christian Princes to make a peace the king of Arragon in the end remayned an enemy to Genoa for notwithstanding all the perswasions of the Popes Nuncio he stil answered that he would haue no friendship with the common-weale vnlesse they would quit vnto him the Iland of Corsica and that their souldiers should dislodge out of Sardinia To crosse this peace betwixt the Venetians and Genouois the king D. Pedro sent Raymondus Lullius in ambassage vnto Venice he was son or kinsman to him that was the greatest Philosopher of his age This was in the yeare 1352 in the which the Prince D. Iohn the kings son The Prince D. Iohn sworne heire presumptiut was sworne heire and successor to the realme in the city of Saragossa after the accustomed manner There were ciuill warres with strange and trecherous reuolts at that time in Sardynia where as the Geneuois held Alguer and the castle Genouois with whom many Sardinians ioyned and Marian Iudge of Arborea a great fauorer vntill that time of the Arragon name in that Iland with others whom they suspected not fel from the king D. Pedro so as D. Rambaud of Corbera the Gouernor could hardly resist so great a fury to whome there arriued D. Stephen of Arragon son to William Duke of Athens being sent by the K. D. Pedro with gallies and soldiers and in the yeare 1353. D. Bernard of Cabrera was sent with 45. vessels called Vxeres who hauing ioyned with 20. Venetian gallies An. 1353. whereof Nicholas Pisan was chief they came to fight with an army of Genouois led by Anthony Grimaldi in the view of Alguer where as the Genouois were defeated with the losse of 35. gallies and aboue 3000. prisoners wherupon Alguer was then abandoned by the Dorian faction of which family Fabian Rosso found among the prisoners was beheaded for that he did rebell vpon euery occasion This rigour vsed to Fabian did so incense him against the Arragonois as hauing perswaded them of Alguer to a new rebellion and in steade of Iudge of Arborea he caused himselfe to be called king of Sardinia which title he tooke at the instigation of Timber of Rocabertin his wife beeing desirous aboue all the women of her time to be called Queene D. Bernard of Cabrera did afterwards giue a defeat at land to the
name of Christians Whilest the King lay idle in Andalusia beeing too much giuen to women he courted Donna Aldonça Cornel daughter to the deceased Don Alphonso Fernandes Cornel whom he had caused to be slain and wife to D. Aluar Perez of Guzman his rebell but yet he did not forget D. Maria of Padilla Besides this vice hee continued his cruelty against the Nobility for that yeare 1358. An. 1358. he caused his brother D. Frederic Master of S. Iames to be slain in the town of Carmona D. Frederic the kings brother and other Noblemen put to death being newly come out of Murcia where hee had in his name recouered Iumilla from the Arragonois who had taken it There was also slaine by his commandement Sancho Ruis of Rojas at Cordoua he also put to death Peter Cabrera Fernand Alphonso of Gates and at Salamanca Alphonso Geoffrey Tenorto at Toro Alphonso Peres Fermosino and in the castell of Moja Garci Mendez of Toledo and moreouer he caused Lope Sanches of Abendagno great Commander of Castile to bee put to death and others in diuers places according to his humour and discontentment yet seeking to couer these executions with a cloake of Iustice publishing declarations containing the crimes of such as he had put to death although it were apparent that they were but reuenges for that all or the most part of them had not approued his excesse or had in some sort opposed themselues In which murthers employed two were much fauored by him who afterwards fell into the same misfortune for a recompence of their good seruices as it happened to his cousin D. Iohn of Arragon sonne to the Queene D. Leonora who being an actor in the death of D. Frederic maister of Saint Iames did willingly follow the King in a voiage he made into Biscay to disposse D. Tello his other brothr of that Lordship and to kill him The King being sodainely arriued at Aguilar del Campo he had surprized D. Tello being a hunting and not dreaming of his comming had he not beene aduertised by a Squire of his called Guttiere Guerra but through this aduertisment he escaped and retired to Vermeo the chiefe towne of Biscay where getting into a fisher boate he saued himselfe at Saint Iohn de Luz and from thence retired to Bayone He was not farre at sea before the King came to Vermeo who hearing that he was dislodged he beganne to pursue him by sea and went as Farre as Legueytio but descouering nothing and the sea withall beginning to grow high returned and carried away prisoner D. Ieanne of Lara wife to D. Tello Inheretrix of Biscay 〈…〉 The King being at Vermeo D. Iohn of Arragon who had married D. Isabella of Lara the other sister besought him to grant him that Lordship seeing that D. Tello had shewed himselfe contumacious his wife being also prisoner that he had married the other sister to whom the King answered cunningly that hee would haue the Biscains assemble in the towne of Guernica according to their ancient preuiledges and there choose their Lord and that for his part he would labour to haue him chosen the which did satisfie D. Iohn for the present In the meane time the King did let the chiefe of the assembly vnderstand that when they were together and the King should propound vnto them for to choose D. Iohn of Arragon they should all cry out that they would haue no other Lord then the King himselfe and his successors Kings the which they did as they had beene enioyned so as D. Iohn of Arragon found himselfe frustrate of his hopes This generall assembly of Biscay is called in her countrie language Batçaar which is as much to say as an assembly of ancients The King being come from Guernica to Bilbao hee sent for D. Iohn of Arragon to his lodging and there commanded he should be slaine in his presence D. Iohn of Arragon slaine in the Kings lodging and in his presence and his body to be cast out at the window which looked into the court the which was ful of people and crying woth a loude voice Behold your Lord of Biscay who demaunded you then he caused him to be carried to Buâ—gos and there to be cast into the riuer and would not suffer him to be buried and for that his mother D. Leonora Dowager of Arragon and his wife D. Isabell were greeued for this cruel act he caused them to be shut vp prisoners in the castle of Castro Xeris This was the reward of Iohn of Arragon who had to please a tyrant consented to the death of many great personages yea his neere kinsmen The King being come to Vailledolit he had resolued to sacrifice some in that towne but hearing that D. Henry of castile Earle of Transtamara and D. Fernand of Arragon brother to D. Iohn did ouerrunne the countries of Soria and Almajan and that of Murcia he did forbeare and hauing put great garrisons into the places about Soria he came to Seuile being resolued to doe all acts of hostility both by land and sea against the King of Arragon He had made ready eighteene gallies with the which and great forces by land he came and beseeged Guardamar and tooke it and for that it did belong to the Infant D. Fernand he burnt the towne but he could not take the castle But sodainely a violent winde tooke his gallies vpon that coast so as sixteene of them ranne on ground yet he returned againe into Murcia and was nothing amazed thereat for he was of a proude and haughty spirit but caused many other gallies to be built at Seuile and commanded that all the ships in Galicia Biscay and Guipuscoa should come thether in the beginning of the yeere 1359. An. 1359. to inuade the Realmes of Valence Cattelogne and Arragon During these exploits of warre D. Pedro King of Arragon charged him of Castile with disloyaltie and treason before the Pope and challenged him by Bernard Galscran of Pinos to whom the King of Arragon would haue giuen the title of King of Majorca that he might be equal in quality to the King of Castile but this was a mocquery Marriage of Isabel of Maâ—orca to the Marquis of Montferrat This yeere was married D. Isabel daughter to the vnfortunate Don Iames King of Majorca to Iohn Marquis of Montferrat to whom the King of Arragon gaue fifty thousand florins in dowry vpon condition that she should renounce all her fathers rights and so she did The King of Arragon being then at Saragossa he renued and confirmed to the Nobility of that city whom they call Ermunios the preuiledge they haue not to goe to the warres but when the King is in person ready to giue battaile or to assaile some place and declared that if any one of these preuiledged persons had followed him beyond these limitations that it should be no preiudice to their rights There he gaue the charge of the warre for the preseruation of the
dispute long of the meanes to make a peace but they could not conclude any thing And there being also assembled by the Legats care in the towne of Sanguessa D. Iohn Alphonso of Majorca Chancellor of the priuy seale for the King of Castile and the same Admiral of Arragon for the King his Maister they effected as little as at Tudelo Wherevpon the King of Castile beeing aduertised that his brother D. Henry would enter into Castile seeing they could not conclude a peace he came to Leon where hee would haue slaine D. Pedro Nugnes of Guzman and some other Knights which had left him but they escaped yet hee tooke Pero Aluarez Osorio in Villaniebla as hee was at the table with Diego Garcia of Padilla maister of Calatraua Murthers committed by the King of Castile without respect of order or quality Comming afterwards to Burgos he caused Diego Ariâ—s Maldonado he Archdeacon to be slaine for that hee had receiued letters from his brother D. Henry of Transtamara D. Henry with the army of Arragon entred by Rioja and tooke great spoiles from the Iewes inhabiting there but especially at Nagera he also tooke the towne of Haro and came as farre as Pancoruo where he vnderstood that the King of Castile came to encounter him and was at Birbiesca so as D. Henry retired to Nagera The King of Castile passing by Grisalena Pancoruo Ameiugo and Maranda of Ebro he came to Saint Dominike de la Calçada and then to Açofra Here areligious man of the towne of Saint Dominike presented himselfe vnto him and told him that Saint Dominike had reuealed vnto him and enioyned him to tell him Predistiou of a Monke to the King of Castile who caused him to be burned for his reward that if hee did not take good heed of D. Henry his brother hee should die by his hand The King caused this religious man to be apprehended and carefully examined to finde out whether that which hee had said had beene suggested vnto him by some one or that it were a reuelation The Monke maintained that Saint Dominike had reuealed it vnto him and persisted in this answere being often examined But the King did not regard it and for a reward of his prediction the which he found in the end to be true he caused him to be burned There were many skirmishes about Nagera betwixt the Arragonois and Castillans whereas the Castillans had the better being stil the more in number but the King of Castile beeing not come with sufficient prouision to beseege townes leauing Nagera and Cont Henry hee rerturned to Saint Dominike and from thence past by Logrogno But the Legat who alwaies treated a peace procured a cessation of armes in those quarters so as D. Henry returned into Arragon by Nauarre The King also tooke the way to Seuile where beeing arriued he found that they had taken at sea the General of the gallies which the King of Arragon had sent into Barbary to aide the King of Tremessen his name was Mathew Mercier whose head hee caused to bee cut off there were foure gallies also taken with him Knights of Castile executed He also put to death there Men Rodrigues Tenorio Fortun-Sanches Calderon Fernand Gudiel of Toledo they were those Knights which being retired into Portugal had beene deliuered to the King of Castile in exchange by the king of Portugal as hath bin mentioned He also put to death D. Pero Nugnes of Guzman who could not auoide his owne misfortune and soone after in the towne of Alfarâ— he cut off the head of D. Guttiere Fernand of Toledo for that hee spake his minde too freely in matters which did concerne the good of State and for the zeale he had to his honour and seruice he caused as much to bee done to Gomes Carillo of Albornoz beeing in a galley Thus this ill aduised King tooke a delight to shed the bloud of his Nobility neither did hee for-beare prelats for if hee slue them not he chased them out of his Realme with ignominy and losse of their goods but in the end his excesse procured the iust indignation of his subiects against him which made him loose both Realme and life Hauing as wee haue saied put to death D. Guttiere Fernandes of Toledo hee bent his fury against his brother D. Blasco Archbishop of Toledo but hee durst not dip his hands in his bloud for that hee was of the Ecclesiasticall iurisdiction wherefore hee sent Mathew Fernandes Chancellor of his priuy seale to Toledo to commaud him in his name to depart his country and to retire into Portugal the which this prelat was forced to doe in such hast as hee had no leisure to take any of his stuffe but went as hee was appareled without companie or any commoditie for his voiage And the same daie that hee departed the King came to Toledo the which did much afflict all those that had the gouernment of the towne The Archbishop came to Coimbra in Portugal where soone after hee ended his daies in the Monastery of Saint Dominike with an example of notable patience from whence his body by the Kings permission was carried to Toledo and there interred Don Gomes Manrique was chosen Archbishop of Toledo in his place and Primate of Spaine beeing numbred for the three score and one Prelat or according vnto some three score and two of that Church Samuel Leui a Iew A large spoile of a Iew condemned high Treasorer was committed to prison in Toledo by the Kings commandement with all his kindred who were carried to Seuile where he caused them to bee put to death after they had beene cruelly tortured to make them confesse where their goods were of whose confiscation the King got aboue foure hundred and three score thousand doublons of gold and foure thousand markes of siluer besides many rich iewels and silkes Beeing in that city in the yeere of our Lord 1361. the King had an intent for to make warre against the Moores An. 1361. but hee deferred it for a time beeing prest by that of Arragon for about that time the treatie was effected which had beene long before practised with Gonçal Gonçales Lusio Gouernor of Tarassone Tarassone yeelded by practise which place hee deliuered to the King of Arragon and had the florins aboue mentioned in recompence And moreouer hee married with Violant daughter to Don Ximenes of Vrrea and to Donna Eluira Cornel with the Lands of Biote â—ace and Asinios in dowrie Don Pedro Ximenes of Sampero was put in garrison into Tarassone The warre betwixt these Potentates after some small exploites was in the end concluded by a peace which the Cardinall aboue named did mediate at Deça By the which the Castillans which were retired into Arragon had their Conge and restitution of places was promised to either part for the performance whereof hostages were deliuered to the King of Nauarre or to his brother Lewis then viceroy in Nauarre This peace lasted
the King D. Pedro else it would be dangerous that being in his power he would doe him some affront being rash cruel and without respect besides the country of Nauarre being then vnfurnished and the forces of Castile round about them it was to be feared that if he seemed vnwilling to doe that which he required with his detention he would cause his men to ouerrunne his country to the great preiudice both of himselfe and the Nauarrois his subiects He beleeued them and made answer to the King of Castile that both himselfe and his meanes were at his commandment prouided that he yeelded the like vnto him if he receiued any discommodity by making himselfe an enemy to the King of Arragon his brother in law The allyance of Castile which he so much sought to make vse thereof against the French brought him into this error that he made no difficulty to put himselfe into the hands of the most disloyall Prince liuing In the peace made betwixt Castile and Arragon Castille there had beene propounded that D. Pedro King of Castile should marry D. Ieanne second daughter to the King of Arragon for D. Constance the eldest had beene married to D. Frederic of Sicile but the Ambassador of Castile by his maisters commandment made a motion for the marriage betwixt D. Alphonso son to D. Maria of Padilla and D. Leonora the yongest daughter of Arragon the which was concluded vpoÌ„ condition that the king of Castile should cause his son D. Alphonso to be declared lawful heire of the Realmes of Castile Leon c. and that he should giue him presently the Siegneury of Molina with the towns of Almaçan and Medina Celi whereof D. Garci Aluares of Toledo maister of S. t Iames and his high Steward should be put in possession and that the pretended marriage betwixt the king and D. Maria of Padilla shold be proued by him to haue bin done after the decease of Queen Blanche the King of Arragon promising for himself and his successors that if after the decease of Don Pedro King of Castile there should be any question made vnto D. Alphonso his sonne in law touching the succession he should aide and assist him with all the forces of Arragon Don Pedro King of Castile to haue this declaration made and his sonne Alphonso acknowledged for lawful heire had called the Estates to Seuile and there the fact being propounded by him it was receiued allowed future obedience sworn vnto the Infant by the Estates as heire after his father consenting that Donna Maria of Padilla deceased should be called Queene and her daughters D. Beatrix D. Constance and Donna Izabella Infants of Castile but neither of the marriage nor of any thing thereon depending was there any accompt made after the interview of the kings of Nauarre and Castile at Soria but without all respect of accords promises or oathes assoon as these two kings were parted Peace broken by the Castâ—â—aâ— with Arragon he of Castile came with a great power into Arragon and tooke Ariça Ateça Terrer Mros Cerina and Alhama and layed seege to Calatajub the which he tooke and put to route many knights which came to succour it by reason whereof Aranda with other townes and castles yeelded Then hauing left Don Garci Aluares of Toledo Master of the knights of Saint Iames vppon the frontier he returned to Seuile On the other part the King of Nauarre because hee would not faile of his promise made at Soria sent to denounce warre against the king of Arragon his brother-in-law for that during his affaires and imprisonment in France he would not succor him VVar declare 〈◊〉 by the king 〈◊〉 Nauar against Arragon whereunto the king of Arragon offering to satisfie him with good reasons he would not heare any Hauing therefore assembled his forces he came to beseege the towne of Sos and tooke it then Saluaterra running by the vallies of the Pyrenees vnto the town of Iacca where as the king of Arragon had placed Peter of Pomar for Gouernor The king Don Charles being returned into his countrie he had soone after a supply of two thousand men at armes sent him out of Castile which he disposed with his Nauarrois vppon the frontiers of Arragon whereas they did spoyle burne and murther In the meane time the Infant D. Alphonso of Castile who should haue beene sonne-in-law to the king of Arragon dyed An. 1363. In the yeare 1363. the king of Castile doubting that the French would bee reuenged for the death of Queene Blanche of Bourbon whom he had caused to bee poysoned after that he had intreated her vnworthily many yeares seeing also a peace made betwixt them and the English he sent Ambassadors to Edward king of England and to the Prince of Wales his soone to demand their allyance and friendship the which they willingly granted The king of Arragon vnderstanding well that the warre which the king of Nauarre made against him was forced he sought by subtill meanes to diuide him from his allyance with Castile And knowing that king Charles had alwaies beene in quarrell with the French king for the Dutchie of Bourgogne and other lands he sent Don Iohn Fernandes of Heredia in ambassage to King Iohn who being come into Auignon and hauing had many conferences with the Lords of the French kings Councell he preuailed so much as they were content to referre all controuersies to the arbitrement of the king of Arragon his Master and to sixe Cardinals for which cause the kings of Nauarre and Arragon began from that time to haue secret intelligence one with another to the preiudice of Castile Notwithstanding the army of Castile returning into Arragon the king of Nauarre sent his brother Lewis with many Nauarrois and Gascons among others Don Martin Henriques of Lacarra Standard-bearer of the Realme and Captal of Buch vnto them Siege was layed to Tarraçone and the place taken in the which was Albert a Knight of S. Iohn Boria was also taken and Iohn Ximenes of S. Piren with other Knights which were within it the castle of Vaguena was burnt with the Captiane which defended it called Michel Barnabas whose sonne carrying the same name was for this cause made noble by the king of Arragon with all his posteritie by a decree made by the Body of the State Cariniena was also taken where as Don Pedro King of Castile vsed horrible cruelties vppon the inhabitants for those that he left aliue were afflicted with torments more grieuous then death of some he cut off the hands of othes the feete and of some the noses and eares Magallon and the Vicount of Isle which defended it Teruel castle Habib Ademus Villel and the towne of Segorue were also made subiect to the king of Castile Don Pedro Maca was taken in the castle of Segorue and Ximen Doriz at Xerica After which the K. of Castile tooke Mormedro Almenara Bugnol Macasta Benaguazil Alpuche with many other places and
the sonne of Marian the new Iudge of Arborea his father being lately deceased who shewed himselfe a more violent enemie against the Arragonois then his father had beene the which was the more to bee feared for that the Geneuois hauing broken the peace made and confirmed by Iohn Marquesse of Montferrat with the king of Arragon had entred into the Iland of Sardynia and ioyning their forces with them of the Iudge had attempted Pole neere to Cailleri and done many other acts of hostility This yeare 1377. An. 1377. Philip the Hardy Duke of Bougongne went in pilgrimage to Saint Iames of Galicia passing he visited the king Don Henry at Segobia who receiued him honorably and gaue him many rich presents About the same time D. Gomes Manrique Arch-bishop of Toledo being dead this great and rich liuing was affected by many by reason whereof the Court of Castile was diuided into factions euery one fauouring his kinsman or friend that aspired to this dignitie not to be Ministers of the word of God and to instruct the people in Christian Religion but to be worldly great rich and mighty companions to Kings and commanders ouer armies according to the custome of that age The King Don Henry did much fauour D. Iohn Garcia Manrique Bishop of Siguença whose sister D. Iohn Ramires of Areillan had married Vpon this election where there were so many pretendants D. Iohn Ramires thinking he had need of the Popes fauor and authoritie went to Auignon well accompanied with Noblemen his friends and kinsmen but he did not obtaine that which he pretended for Pope Gregorie the eleuenth then raigning declared Don Pedro Tenorio Bishop of Coimbra Arch-bishop of Toledo Thus these Pretendants lost this rich bootie which they expected much vnlike vnto Don Martin Martines of Calaorra Arch-deacon of Calatraua in the church of Toledo who beeing chosen some yeares before by the Chapter and a generall consent to bee Bishop of Calaorra hee excused himselfe and would not accept of this dignitie which is one of the richest and of greatest iurisdiction in Spaine next to Toledo Don Iohn Ramires of Areillan returning by Cattelogne hee was desirous to kisse the king of Arragons hands beeing at Barcelona whither came the Vicount of Rueda who in the kings presence accused Don Iohn Ramires of certaine crimes offering him the combate if hee should deny it Don Iohn Ramires regarding his honour accepted of this challenge for the performance whereof the King of Arragon assigned ninetie dayes at which time Don Iohn should present himselfe to the combate or else they would proceede against him according to the lawes and orders of combats Don Iohn Ramires returned in the meane time into Castile and made relation vnto the King Don Henry how he had beene challenged and that he must present himselfe in Arragon at the day appointed wheeras his enemie was much fauoured by the king Don Pedro the which the king of Castile hauing well considered and fearing that Don Iohn Ramires whome he loued deaâ—ely for his integritie and vertues should receiue some indignitie in a countrie where he was not beloued he resolued to send a gentleman to the King of Arragon to let him vnderstand that no man liuing was better acquainted then himselfe with the qualities and conditions of Don Iohn Ramires of Areillan and how that he had carried himselfe like a Knight of honour in all his actions euen when hee was Chamberlaine to the same king of Arragon and employed by him in the warre against Don Pedro king of Castile wherefore he intreated him to cause this appeale made by the Vicount to cease whereof the King seeking to excuse himselfe the Ambassador replyed Sir Ambassadors speech to the King of Arragon seeing it is your pleasure that this combate shall be fought vnderstand that the King of Castile my Lord is resolued to send at the time you haue appointed three thousand Lances to accompanie Don Iohn Ramires to the end that hee may be no way inferiour neither for the safetie of his person nor for support vnto his aduersarie seeing that the quarrell must be decided in a strange Countrie where as the Prince shewes himselfe partiall The King Don Pedro taking these words in ill part fell into a great dispute with this Gentleman who made him a discreet answer wherefore fearing that this might kindle a new fire betwixt Castile and Arragon after much consultation hee commanded the Vicount to desist from his challenge declaring that Don Iohn Ramires was a good Knight Thus past the affaires betwixt Castile and Arragon in the yeare 1376. At which time Don Charles Infant of Nauarre Nauarre beeing desirous to visite the Court of France did so importune the King his father as hee got leaue from the which hee was much disswaded by the King of Castile his father-in-law Detentiâ—n of the Prince of Nauarre who assuredly knew what reasons the French King had to hate the King of Nauarre For besides that hee had perswaded him to leaue and abandon the league of France and to adhere vnto the English as wee haue before shewed hee had since ingaged and deliuered vnto them the Towne of Cherbourg in Normandy and entertained many practises to the preiudice and discommoditie of France whereof the French King was particularly aduertised Notwithstanding all this the Infant Don Charles went on his intended and determined iourney presuming that hee had not offended any way the King his Vncle and that he would not make any question vnto him concerning the controuersies and oppositions which were betwixt him and his father and that whatsoeuer should happen beyond his expectation hee would retire himselfe to those places which the king his father had in the confines of Normandie and not approch neere the Court without promise of assurance With this resolution hee left Nauarre very well attended on with a companie of gentlemen and men of councell among the which were Baldwin Belloferant Captaine of many places in Normandy belonging to the king of Nauarre the which he held by homage Iames of Rue a knight and Chamberlaine to the king the Seigneur of Ortubia Captaine of the Infants Guard a Basque by nation within two leagues of Fontaraby Peter of Estampes a Doctor of Diuinity and Councellour to the king with diuers others The French king beeing aduertised before-hand of this voyage as soone as they were entred into France he caused Iames of Rue to be taken who was found seazed of certaine papers and instructions which did much augment the iealousie of the French being put to the racke he confest that the king his master had plotted with the English and that he had charge to say vnto the King of England that if he wold promise the duchy of Guienne to the king of Nauar and entertaine him 2000. lances he would make warre against the French and employ all his forces of Nauarre and of his lands in Normandie and other places whereupon he was put into
safe-keeping The Infant beeing much discontented at the taking of this knight not knowing what he had confessed came to the king at Senlâ—s hauing a safe conduct and besought him to deliuer this prisoner to whom the king answered that he wold not deliuer him but would cause his processe to be made and his fathers also meaning to confiscate all the lands he had within his kingdome and moreouer he commanded him not to depart from Court without leaue He also called Baldwin Belloferant before him The Infant of Nauarre staid and inioyned him to deliuer into his hands or of his captaines all the places and forts which he held for the king of Nauarre the which Baldwin not able to auoid promised to do and tooke an oath notwithstanding the king gaue him a guard vntill he had performed what he had promised Fernand of Ayanes a knight of Nauarre and Gouernor for the king of Nauar of his lands in Normandie was also apprehended with many others who were sent to Paris with Iames of Rue and Peter of Esâ—ampes Thereupon the king did write vnto all Princes and Potentates strangers touching these imprisonments making great complaints of the king of Nauar his brother-in-law and soone after he began sharpe war against the Nauarrois in Normandie whereof Philip the Hardy duke of Bourgongne the kings brother Lewis duke of Bourbon and the Constable Bertrand of Guesclin were the chiefe Commanders who in a short space tooke most of the townes and forts which the king of Nauarre held in that countrie there remaining nothing in a manner but Cherbourg the which beeing held by the English maintained the seege 7. moneths and yet the French could not take it In the mean time the king caused D. Pedro the second son of Nauarre and his daughter Mary to bee taken at Breteuil whom notwithstanding he kept in a free prison and very honorably At the same time there was a Secretary of the king of Nauars called Peter of Tertre taken in the castle of Bernay of whom by tortures they discouered many practises of the king his masters He with Iames of Rue were condemned to die and their bodies being quartered were hanged in diuers places entring into the citie of Paris These newes heard in Nauarre the king D. Charles was wonderfully troubled as well for the imprisonment of his children as for the losse of his countrie and the Infanta D. Leonora his daughter-in-law was no lesse afflicted and that which did most disquiet him was that the king to iustifie the imprisonment of his children had informed all Christian Princes of his actions and had incensed them against him especially D. Henry king of Castile against whom he had caried himselfe disdainfully in all his actions notwithstanding the alliances and accords made newly betwixt them And as he was of a harsh disposition rash and without gouernement he beganne to contriue many bad dâ—sseines to preuent such as he feared and now he repented the death of Don Rodrigo of Vrris from whome hee had drawne so many good seruices and the banishment of many other knights of whom he had then great need but he hoped the English would bee a good support for him at all euents and vpon this ground he resolued to surprize the towne of Logrogno which was the Rampier of Castile against Nauarre presuming that he should amaze the king Don Henry by this exploite Desperate disposiâ—ion of Charles king of Nauarre if it succeeded or hinder him greatly and let others vnderstand that he was not altogether daunted but seeing that the place was well manned and carefully guarded by Don Pedro Manriques Gouernor of that frontier hee sought to corrupt him with promises of great aduancement in Nauarre and twentie thousand doublons in hand Don Pedro who was a faithfull seruant to the king of Castile his master and withall a Knight of honour aduertised the king Don Henry who was then at Seuile of all this practise which newes the king receiued at the instant when as the French kings ambassadours came to Seuile to presse him to make warre against the king of Nauarre which made the king Don Henry more tractable to yeeld to that which they demanded writing to Don Pedro that he should entertaine this bargaine with the king of Nauarre and that hee should seeke to take him in Logrogno and there to keepe him prisoner Don Pedro hauing receiued this answer made all possible demonstrations that he desired to satisfie the king of Nauarre and appointed him a conuenient time to deliuer him the towne receiuing part of the double Ducats In the meane time he drew secretly into Logrogno a good supply of soldiers and the better to assure the execution of this enterprize without hazard the king D. Henry caused Don Pedro Gonçales of Mendoça to enter into Nauarret with sixe hundred Lances who gaue it out that he had a quarrell with Don Pedro Manriques Matters being thus disposed there remained nothing but for the King of Nauarre to shew his indiscretion and to enter into Logrogno the which he was resolued to do so blind he was in his desire notwithstanding that all his Councell had disswaded him assuring him that Don Pedro was not a Knight that would commit such a trecherie against his King and Lord and that of necessitie he must beleeue he meant to deceiue him yea they did wholly oppose themselues against this enterprise shewing him the mischiefe which would ensue by his breach of peace with the king of Castile Notwithstanding all this good aduice King Charles failed not to come at the time appointed to the bridge of Logrogno with foure hundred lances Martin Henriques carrying the Standard royall Don Pedro Manriques came foorth to meet him and drew the kings men into the Town without any brute where their lodgings were alreadie made and expecting to bring in the king he inuited him very courteously but suddenly bethinking himselfe of the misâ—hiefe whereinto he runne and repenting that he had drawne so many men into danger he retired from the bridge towards Viane telling D. Pedro that he wold not enter for that time in person but it should be the next day and that there were ynough to execute that which they had concluded This was a happy inspiration for if hee had entred he had neuer returned with libertie nor Crowne Don Pedro Manriques seing that the prey was escaped caused all the Nauarrois that were entred The Nauaâ—rois spoâ—led in Logâ—ogno to be stript whereof some were slaine and others prisoners yet many escaped leaping ouer the wals and rampiers by the riuer and other passages which they found yea Martin Henriques who carried the Standard seing the alarme and how they were circumuented keeping his Standard fast hee recouered the bridge where he was enuironed round about by the enemie but he desended himself very valiantly In the end seeing he had no meanes to make his passage he threw himselfe off the bridge into the riuer
husband hee was so indiscreet as to tell the Queene thereof aduertising the Queene of the Earles smal respect vnto her and of his impudency whereof she who wished him well did not seeme to care wherefore D. Gonçal doubted that this was the cause of his imprisonment and that the Queene would dispatch him before the King should be aduertised thereof Being thus imprisoned the Queene did counterfet letters from the King vnto Vasco Martines of Merlo captaine of the castle of Ebora by the which he was commanded to murther these two personages but being a discreet man and considering the quality of the prisoners thinking that he must not proceed so lightly to the execution thereof hee forbaâ—e vntill he had spoken with the King to whom he went the day after this charge to know if it were his pleasure that the maister of Auiz and Gonçal Vasques should bee put to death The King answered that he knew not of it commanding him not to touch them and so he sent him backe enioyning him to kepe it secret and soone after he went from Ebora whereas the Queene remained who seeing that her deseignes did not succeed she tooke a milder course and sought to bee reconciled to these two personages who were freed from their irons and within few daies after set at liberty Some time after the Queene being at masse she caused them to come vnto her shewing them the best countenance they could desire and inuited them to dinner the which they did vnwillingly accept fearing she would cause them to be poisoned Impudency of the Queene D. Leonora yet they did eate in the Queenes lodging in the company of the Earle of Oren to whom after dinner discoursing of her rings and iewels she gaue in their presence a Ring set with a rich ruby pressing him to take it although he excused himselfe to the end she might not forget any thing to be held very impudent Amidest these tumults D. Isabella the Kings bastard daughter who had beene made sure by the last treaty of peace to D. Alphonso of Castile Earle of Gijon base sonne to King Henry was married at Burgos whereat the Earle was much greeued an vnfortunat marriage of which there was one sonne borne who was called D. Henry But the marriage which was made betwixt D. Beatrix sister to the King D. Fernand and D. Sancho Earle of Albuquerque was blessed of God so as a daughter which they had called D. Leonora the sole heire of her fathers great Estates was married to D. Fernand Infant of Castile Lord of Lara and Duke of Pennafiel sonne to the King D. Iohn the first then raigning which D. Fernand came afterwards to be King of Arragon and Sicile Shee was Queene of these realmes and mother of fiue children renowned by the Histories of Castile and Arragon of whom we shall heereafter make mention This King Fernand of Portugal being in good peace with his neighbours considering what had happened in the city of Lisbone Buâ—ldings made by D. Fernand King of Portugal in the last warre of Castile for want of good walles he caused it to be fortified and walled about from Saint Catherins gate vnto Saint Vincents And as hee was carefull of this publike worke so hee did gratefie the Franciscan Friars of Saint Iren causing the quier of their church to be built with other workes of deuotion This is all we finde in Histories of the affaires of Portugall vnto the yeere of our Lord 1380. An. 1380. that the aboue mentioned marriage betwixt Don Henry sonne to King Iohn the first of Castile and Donna Beatrix the daughter of Portugal was concluded with the aboue named conditions for the succession of the two Realmes by the suruiuance of the two Kings About the end of this yeere Castile Donna Leonora Queene of Castile was brought in bed at Medina del Campo of her sonne D. Fernand aboue named who came to be King of Arragon as we will shew At that time Spaine was a Neuter in regard of the obedience which the two Popes pretended The King of Castile acknowledgeth the Pope at Auignon and did affect in the Christian common weale continuing some time in this Neutrality by reason of the disagreement of the Prelats who were assembled for that cause onely at the instance of the Ambassadors of the two Popes Clement and Vibain but soone after it was declared by a sentence giuen by the King of Castile and his councell that his countries should acknowledge Clement the seuenth for Pope and Christs Vicar he being resident at Auignon the King D. Iohn inclyning therein as in other things to the French The deuotion of men in Spaine and other places in those daies was contrarie to that of more ancient times for whereas before they thought they could not giue sufficient to the Clergy to augment their houses and reuenues now euery one sought to spoile them and to vsurpe their lands and reuenues whereof the Abbots and Conuents of the Order of Saint Benet in Spaine hauing complained they had a notable sentence by Iudges deputed by the King for that businesse against many Noblemen and Knights which detained their goods yet they still incroched vpon them all they could In the yeere of our Lord 1381. died D. Ieanne Queene of Castile An. 1381. mother to the King D. Iohn who through great deuotion had in a manner all her life time carried the habit of Saint Claire and died in it and appointed she should be buried in it A great argument of the religion of that time She lies at Toledo in the Chappell of the last Kings The peace betwixt the Kings D. Iohn of Castile and D. Fernand of Portugal was broken Portugal by the bad councell of a Knight who had beene accustomed to bee often shut vp with the Queene of Portugall and was her fauorite hee was Earle of Oren. To giue some collour and beginning to this warre the King D. Fernand sent to Iohn Duke of Lancaster perswading him that as husband to D. Constance daughter to the deceased King D. Pedro of Castile and Leon Mignon of Queene Leonoras puts Castile and Portugal in war hee should pursue his right which hee pretended to those Realmes The English Prince relying vpon the fauour of Portugal with the consent and aide of King Richard his Nephew raised a thousand men at armes or Launces and a good number of foote whereof he gaue the charge to his brother Edmond of Langley Earle of Cambridge who led them into Spaine for that the Duke could not goe in person to this warre The English army arriued vpon the coast of Portugal whereas the warre was already violent for the King of Castile beeing aduertised of this practise had let his army into the country and taken the towne of Almoyda And at sea euen vpon the arriuall of the English army Fernand Sanches of Tour Admirall of Castile had taken twenty gallies of Portugal with their Admirall D.
Alphonso Telles Earle of Barcellos the Queenes brother the which fell out vnhappily for the King Don Fernand who beeing sodainely transported with batred against Castile receiued this Prince Edmond with al shewes of loue and royall pompe and the more to gratefie him he made a promise of a future marriage King of Portugal makes and breakes his daughters marriage at his pleasure betwixt Donna Beatrix his daughter who had beene twice before contracted and Edward his son a young child which hee had had of Donna Isabella his wife the third daughter of the deceased King Don Pedro of Castile there present yea he made them to marry and lie together and to confirme this marriage they performed al accustomed ceremonies except the consummation which could not bee by reason of the tender age of both parties the Bridegroome beeing not full sixe yeeres old During their stay the English before they were led to the warre spared not the Portugals but made spoile of their goods as if they had beene in the country of Castile So as the Protugals in steed of one warre found themselues ingaged betwixt two enemies hauing the Castillans abroad and the English within their houses In the yeere of our Lord 1382. the King D. Fernand went to field An. 1382. with the Earle of Cambridge and came and lodged his army at Yelbes On the other side the army of Castile camped at Badajos whereas hauing continued some daies without any exploite of armes a peace was concluded and Donna Beatrix Infanta of Portugall was the fourth time promised to Don Fernand the younger sonne of Don Iohn King of Castile the King of Portugall beeing glad this marriage should take place to the end his Realme should not bee vnited to the crowne of Castile In the meane time Doona Leonora Queene of Castile died in the towne of Cuellar Castile beeing brought in bed of a daughter which died also The Queenes bodie was carried to Toledo and interred in the chappell of the last Kings This Princesse is honoured for her vpright and good conscience aboue all the Ladies of her time whereof some authors bring this example Certaine Iewes deputed from the Sinagogues of them of their sect dwelling vpon the Queenes Lands beeing come for some affaires vnto the court Integrity of the Queene D. Leonora beeing mooued with good will vnto their Ladie by reason of her vertues and good behauiour came vnto her Confessor beeing an Arragonois a verie religious man of a good life and tould him that they vnderstood the Queene had occasion for to vse a certaine summe of money and knowing how much the Iewes dwelling in her countrie did honour her they intreated him to let her vnderstand that shee should demaunde what money shee pleased of their Sinagogues beeing assured it should bee verie willingly furnished and that withall hee should certefie her that the Iewes desired to doe her this seruice for that since the time shee had beene their Ladie shee had neuer imployed them The Confessor thinking to bring pleasing newes vnto the Queene made report of the Iewes speech and perswaded her by all meanes for to make vse of their kinde offer assuring her that shee might take with a good conscience that which they did willingly present vnto her But the Queene answered him that shee would neuer doe any such thing and that God forbidde that shee should exact money or any other thing of any person for the which the King she or their children might be cursed And notwithstanding any reply the religious man could make shee would not yeeld vnto it but willed him for to thanke the Iewes Don Fernand King of Portugal Portugal hearing of the death of Donna Leonora Queene of Castille hee beganne to practise a fifth marriage for his daughter Donna Beatrix with the King Don Iohn himselfe sending sodainely vnto him beeing then at Pinto three Leagues from Madrid to know his minde therein The King Don Iohn made no delaie but with the aduice of his good seruants entred presently into capitulation with the Ambassadours of Portugal who were therein duelie instructed Amongst other Articles it was agreed that the children issuing of this marriage should bee Kings of Portugal And some daies after hee married Donna Beatrix Infanta of Portugall D. Iohn King of Castile marries the Infanta of Portugal hauing escaped many other parties of lesse preferment The marriage was celebrated at Badajos or at Yelbes according vnto some in the yeere of the Incarnation 1383. the Queene Donna Leonara Telles de Meneses her mother being present the King Don Fernand remayning at Lisbon very sicke Deathoâ— D. Fernand King of Portugal where within few daies after hee died hauing raigned but ill sixteene yeeres and nine monthes the three and fortith yeere of his age His body was buried at Saint Iren in the Franciscans church where as D. Constance Manuel his mother is also interred After the marriage betwixt Don Alphonso Earle of Gijon and Donna Isabella of Portugal Castile against the liking of Don Alphonso hee did neuer loue the King his brother some times hee rebelled and caused reuolts and then was reconciled but it lasted not long At this second marriage of the King Don Iohn hee was in the Asturiaes where hee put all into combustion against whom the King sent some companies of men at armes This yeere of our Lord 1383. Rebellion of D Alphonso Earl of Gijon was held a generall assembly of the Estates at Segobia And for that vnto that time they had accounted the yeeres according vnto the Aera of Caesar Aera of Caesar what it was which differed eight and thirty yeeres from the accounts which was then in vse in other Christian Kingdomes it was ordained that the Castillans should take the beginning of their yeeres from the natiuity of Christ the which was more fit for Christians then to retaine this memory of Caesar Augustus This manner of accounting by the Aera had beene long before left in Nauarre and Arragon but was retained for some time in Portugal The cause of this name of Aera is diuersly related but the most probable is that the ancients hauing accustomed to write these wordes Annus erat Augusti centes or some other number by abreuiation thus A. E R. A. C. the vulgar people ioyning these letters together pronounced Aera C. the which was afterwards vsed vnto that time They say that the last letters which were dispatched in the court of Castile where the Aera of Caesar was obserued were two preuiledges granted by the King Don Iohn the one to the towne of Santa Cruz of Cestone the other to Villa Real of Vrrechua which was in the yeere of our Lord 1421. of the Aera answering to that of our Lord 1383. from the birth of Christ. The King Don Iohn before his departure from Segobia did celebrat the funerals of his father in law Portugal in which Realme by an Article made in the
the sort or castle of Tafalla As for Fillot of gramont hee continued three yeeres in prison and then was deliuered In the meane time the King Don Charles beeing in great care for the detention of his sonne in France hee caused Don Iohn King of Castile to bee sollicited by Donna Leonora his daughter in law who was retired into Castile to the King her brother who was strictly allied and a friend to the French Deliuery of Prince Charls in sauor of the King of Castile to bee a meadiator for the deliuery of the Infant Don Charles The King of Castile desirous to gratefie his sister imployed his best meanes to the young French King and his Gouernors and did so importune them by messages letters and Ambassages as they set the Infant Don Charles of Nauarre at libertie As for Don Pedro his younger brother and Donna Maria his sister they had beene released before Don Charles soone after his deliuery hee went into Nauarre to the great content of all the Nauarrois It was a great hatred and mallice in the King Don Charles the Father for to attempt such a wickednesse against the princes of France who shewed their generositie in consenting to the deliuerie of the Infant who was not guilty of his fathers offence who in all his actions was of so sower a disposition Disposition of D. Charles King of Nauarre as hee could not pursue his rights nor treat of any affaires with other princes but in choller and disdaine and whereas he could not obtaine and bring to passe what hee pretended hee had recourse to synister and vnlawfull practises desiring to reuenge himselfe of those that did him any iniury by what meanes soeuer Hee had one sister called Donna Agnes married vnto Gaston Earle of Foix called Phebus who for the wrongs hee had done vnto her husband was verie ill intreated by him so as shee was forced to leaue his companie and to retire into Nauarre who was soone after followed by a sonne shee had by him called Gaston where both beeing receiued and honoured by King Charles conferring often with his sister of her husbands bad vsage hee conceiued such a hatred against the Earle Gaston as hee drew young Gaston their sonne to poison his father and gaue him a venimous poulder to that end telling him that it was a remedy to make him change the hatred hee bare him and his mother into loue This young Nobleman beeing simple and ill aduised beleeuing what the King his vncle had said vnto him he returned into Foix to his father with an intent to season him some meate with this poulder Misâ—rable death of young Gaston of Foix. but hee could not so play his part but casting the poulder into the meate it was perceiued by the cookes or otherwise discouered wherefore the Earle commanded his sonne and onely heire to bee taken causing him to die miserably in prison so as after him hee left none but bastards which did not succeed in the Earledome of Foix one of them was Bernard who serued Henry the second King of Castile in the conquest of the realme against the King D. Pedro and was rewarded by him and endowed with lands and Estates in Castile from whom descended the dukes of Medina Celi or Zelim who by the mothers side belong to the bloud of Castile according to the order which followeth D. Fernand de la Cerde Beginâ—ing of the house of Celi or Zelim eldest sonne to D. Alphonso the Wise or the Philosopher left two sons D. Alphonso and D. Fernand of D. Alphonso married into France came D. Lewis Earle of Clermont and D. Charles or Iohn according vnto some Constable of france and Earle of Angoulesme D. Lewis Earle of Clermont married in Andalusia Don Leonora of Guzman daughter to D. Alphonso Peres of Guzman and was Lord of Hulua and of Port Sancta Maria and other lands in the right of his wife of which marriage issued Don Lewis Don Iohn and Donna Isabella de la Cerde This Donna Isabella was by the King Don Henry the second being setled in the realme of Castile married to Bernard bastard of Foix and had in dowry Medina Celi with the title of an Earle of them came D. Gaston surnamed de la Cerde leauing the name of the house of Foix and Bern. Hee was the second Earle of Medina Celi and married Donna Mencia of Mendoça daughter to Don Pedro Conçales of Mendoça a great Nobleman in Alaua by her hee had one sonne called Don Lewis who was the third Earle of Medina Celi and married with Donna Iean Sarmiento daughter to Diego Peres Sarmiento from whom came Don Gaston de la Cerde the second and forth Earle of Medina Celi who married Donna Leonora of Mendoça daughter to Don Iâ—igo Lopes of Mendoça Marquis of Sentillana from whom descended Don Lewis which succeeded him in the Earldome in whose time it was made a Dutchy D. Lewis married Donna Anna of Nauarre and Arragon base daughter to D. Charles Infant of Nauarre and Arragon This is the Genealogy of the house of the dukes of Medina Celi Such as wee haue sayd were the actions of Charles King of Nauarre whom in the end God strooke with a Leaprosie King Charles a Leapeâ— which made him to leaue all care of the affaires of this world and to giue himselfe to workes of piety according to the manner of those times which was to build chappels to ordaine Masses and Anniuersaries for his deceased parents and to adde rents and giue entertainement to Clergy men and Priests which did the seruice but aboue all hee labored to liue in peace with Christian Princes The Infant Charles beeing come into Nauarre about the beginning of the warre betwixt Castile and Portugal the King Don Iohn demaunded some supplies of souldiars out of Nauarre to lead with him wherevnto the King of Nauarre consented willingly remembring the good Offices hee had done with the French for his sonnes liberty whom hee sent well accompanied to this warre beeing vnable to goe in person by reason of his indisposition The Infant made some stay with his wife Donna Leonora who was in Castile and then passing on hee came to the King beeing incamped before Lisbone where hee staied not long the King Don Iohn beeing forced to raise the seege by reason of the plague which ruined his armie and returne into Castile as wee haue said dismissing the Infant his brother in law with all loue and content The yeere 1385. beeing come Portugal Affaires of the King of Castile succeed well in Portugal the King D. Iohn preparing to returne into Portugall hauing alreadie sent some ships and gallies against Lisbone hee had newes that the souldiars which hee had left in Saint Iren had defeated some troupes of Portugal whose leaders were the maister of the Knights of Christus and the Prior of Saint Iohn by reason of which victorie many places within the Realme had planted the Standard of Castile
armie the which beeing within a league and a halfe of that of Portugal there were many things propounded to end their quarrels without a battell but they were all without effect for the king of Castile finding himselfe strong had a desire to fight promising vnto himselfe all aduantages and yet his captaines were of another opinion and among others Monsieur de Rie Chamberlaine to the French king and his ambassador with the King of Castile a Gentleman 70. yeares old and a captaine of great experience saying that his men were wearie and it was late and that the Portugall army in the which were 2200. men at armes and 10000. foote were camped in a place of strength from whence if he would haue patience hee should see them soone dislodg for want of victuals beeing aduertised that they had not any meate but for that night that vppon their dislodging he should haue better oportunitie to fight with them if they went to affront them in the place where they were it was likely they should reape more shame then honor But notwithstanding all these reasons hee would needes fight Battel of Aliubarot and the Castillans defeated wherefore the Castillans hauing put their armies in battell they were receiued couragiously by the Portugals along the mountaines of Maos in the fields nere vnto the village of Aljubarot where at the first charge notwithstanding all the indeauour of the Portugall fore-ward they gaue ground to the Castillans but the new king of Portugal flying thither with his squadron not onely fortified his men but also charging the enemie with great courage who thought they had won all and fought without order carelesly he brake them and put them to a shamefull flight with great slaughter the king of Castile himself being in danger who fled 11. leagues that night vnto S. Iren where he arriued at the breake of day in great perplexity and then recouering the sea-shoare hee caused himselfe to be carryed to Seuile Polydore Virgil in his Historie of England failes in the discourse of his battell saying that Edmond Earle of Cambridge was there with good troupes of English for the new king of Portugal against him of Castile and giues the honour of the battell to the English but it appeares by all the Spanish Writers more credible in matters of Spaine then strangers that the comming of the Earle of Cambridge into Portugall was not at that time but in the life of g Fernand. Neither were there any French troupes for the king of Castile as some Authors make mention Vpon the place of battell there was an Hermitage built to S. George who is held to be the patron and protector of Portugal as also of Arragon as S. Iames is of Castile and this victorie is more celebrated by the Portugals then any they euer had for that by reason thereof they were freed from the subiection of Castile Noblemen of Castile slaine in the battell it is called the battel of Aljubarote or of S. George In this battell there dyed many Noblemen of Castile and among others Don Pedro of Arragon sonne to the Constable of Castile D. Iohn of Castile Lord of Aguilar del campo son to D. Tello L. of Biscay D. Fernand of Castile a yong Prince son to D. Sancho Earle of Albuquerque Peter Dias Damas Prior of S. Iohn D. Diego Manrique Gouernor generall of the fronter of Castile D. Pedro of Mendoça a Lord Steward of the king of Castiles house Don Iohn Fernandes of Touar high Admiral D. Diego Gomes Sarmiento Gouernor of Galicia Pedro Carillo Marshall of Castile D. Aluar Gonçalis of Sandoual and his brother Fernand Gonçales D. Iohn Ramir of Areillan Iohn Ortiz of Cueua Gonçalo of Cerbantes Ruy Braue and Fernand Carillo and of the Portugals following the partie of Castile D. Iohn Alphonso Sello Portugals slain of the Castillans side Admirall of Portugall brother to the Queene D. Leonora D. Pero Aluarez Pereira Master of the Order of Calatraua and his brother D. Diego Aluarez Pereira brothers to D. Nugno Aluarez Constable of Portual Gonçal Vasques of Azeuedo with Aluar Gonçales his sonne and others There dyed also in this defeate Monsieur de Rie Ambassador for the French king and his Chamberlaine Great was the spoile of the Castillans campe many prisoners caryed away by the Portugals who hung vp their ensignes other spoils for trophees in the Monasterie of Alcouaça and in the chiefe church at Braga and at the carmes at Lisbon the which were afterwards founded by the Constable D. Nugno Aluarez Pereira and among others the royal Standard of Castile was taken As for those which escaped the battell some gathered themselues together in S. Iren and some of them recouered Castile as well as they could They of S. Iren hauing past the riuer of Tayo with D. Gonçal Nugnes of Guzman Master of Alcantara who was since made Master of the Calatraua they ioyned with the forces of Nauarre and France which the Infant Don Charles of Nauarre brought to the king of Castile his brother-in-law but too late wherfore they returned all together into Castile hauing made all the spoile they could in the Realme of Portugal the which by this battel of Aljubarote remained assured for the king Don Iohn the tenth in number and the first of that name hauing attained to that royall dignitie to the which in the beginning he did not aspire and that with the consent of the Nobilitie and States of the countrie The end of the sixteenth Booke SEMPER EADEM THE SEVENTEENTH BOOK of the Generall History of Spaine The Contens 1 DOn Iohn Master of the Knights of Auiz chosen king of Portugall the tenth in number and the first of that name 2 Continuation of the warre betwixt Castile and Portugal in the which the English assisted the one and the French the other 3 Whence the title of a Prince in Spaine growes 4 D. Charles the third of that name and 31. king of Nauarre 5 Marriage of Prince Henry of Castile and Katherine of Lancaster 6 Exploits of D. Iohn King of Portugal in Castile and a truce betwixt the two Realmes 7 Tyrannous priuiledges of the Nobility of Arragon Troubles in Sardynia Estates at Monçon policie of Sybile Queene of Arragon authoritie of the Iustice Maior 8 Contention betwixt the Arragonois and Angeuins for the rights of Majorca Adoption of Lewis of Anjou by Queene Ione the first of Naples who sold Auignon to the Pope and what followed 9 D. Iohn the first of that name and 14. King of Arragon his acknowledgement to the Pope in Auignon during the Schisme Estates in Arragon 10 Marriage of Don Martin of Arragon sonne to the Infant Don Martin with the heire of Sicily 11 Lisbon made an Arch-bishopricke 12 Estates of Castile at Guadalajara Orders concerning souldiers and iustice Erections of Dukedomes and other Decrees 13 The stay of D. Leonora Queene of Nauarre wife to D. Charles the third in Castile
the pacifying whereof Fernando of Illesca of the Order of the preaching Friars and the Kings Confessor had laboured much but could not conclude any thing The King of Portugall falling sicke in this pallace of Cordal gaue some hope that matters would turne fauourable for Castile Portugal for his sicknesse was so violent as all men despayred of his life whereat the Queene Donna Philippe was much grieued so as shee was deliuered of her first child before her time which made them doubt shee would not haue any more but midwiues rules are not alwaies true for she had afterwards those children whereof we haue made mention Friar Fernand and others who treated a truce betwixt these two kings being not able to effect that which they pretended Exploits of the K. of Portugal in Spaine the King of Portugal being recoured he entred into Galicia and spoiled the countrie and tooke Tuy by Intelligence and Saluaterra after which spoiles the Confessor Fernand returned into Portugal and renewed the treatie where he wrought so as he yeelded to a truce for sixe yeares in the yeare 1389. 1389. by the which Tuy Saluaterra and all the Portugals had taken from Castile was yeelded By this pacification which continued long Don Iohn King of Portugal had meanes to settle him selfe in his Royaltie and wholly to exclude D. Beatrix As for the affaires of Arragon we find that before that war betwixt Castile and Portugall the king D. Pedro being very old Arragon married the fourth time with D. Sibilla widow to Artal of Fosses whom he caused to be crowned at Sarragossa in the yeare 1381. whether the Estates wer called to the effect At the which the Noblemen which had subiects that were no Gentlemen maintained that they had soueraigne power ouer them their goods and liues and that it had beene long practised in Arragon This action was begun vpon the complaints made by the Inhabitants of Anzanego against D. Pedro Sanches of Latras their Lord but it was prohibited and a sentence was giuen by way of prouision that the Noblemen shold enioy the rights which they had accustomed although they were not according to the common law or written law and although they could not shew any priuiledges bgranted vnto them in that behalfe yet should it not be lawfull for the king to draw them into question for any violence or bad vsage done vnto their subiects but the punishment of any excesse done by the superiors to their subiects should be left to God the which gaue way to infinit wickednes These Estates ended with trouble confusion for that D. Briande of Luna hauing left D. Lopes Ximenes of Vrrea her husband and married D. Lewis Cornel these two Noblemen went to armes and kept the field As for the Estate of Sardynia the Arragonois wer in a manner reduced to despaire by the Sardynians and Geneuois their adherents but if falling out that Hugh Iudge of Arborea had 〈…〉 by reason of his tyrannies beene cruelly murthered by his subiects the partie of Arragon began to be in more esteeme Brancaleon of Oria came then to Monçon to the king D. Pedro hauing a pas-port The Estates beeing there assembled he was receiued and honoured with the title of Earle of Monçon this Lord had married Leonora sister to Hugh of Arborea In the meane time the Sardynians desirous to shake off the Arragonois yoake and to submit themselues to the Geneuois held all the Ports of the Iland whereas Leonora of Arborea wife to Brancaleon ioyning with the Geneuois made her selfe head of the partie which made the king to stay Brancaleaon notwithstanding his pas-port wherupon he was sent into Sardynia and kept prisoner in the castle of Cailleri during the life of the King Don Pedro. There was another assembly of the generall Estates called at Monçon Estates in Arragon in the yeare 1383. where as the Infant D. Martin Earle of Xerica and of Luna in the name of the Estates made complaint of many concussions and violences which had beene committed throughout the Realme beeing countenanced by the Duke of Girone the kings eldest sonne and Gouernor of the Realme from whose counsell proceeded many vniust ordonances charges and exactions vppon the people by the which the Estate was decayed He sayd moreouer that some of the Dukes Councell had secret intelligence in Castile and other places yea with the Rebels of Sardynia with Lewis Duke of Anjou the Geneuois and with the enemies to the Arragonois partie in Sicily and had fauoured the attempts of the Infant of Majorca who had some yeares before made roades into Cattelogne and Arragon requiring that information might be made and the offendors punished the which the king ordayned Whereupon the Vicount of Roa Gaston of Moncade Americ Scintilla Iohn Bellera and Fernandes of Heredia Bishop of Vic were commanded to leaue the assembly being suspected the which bred great troubles and seditions and some Noblemen were chased from Court and from the Duke of Girones house who by reason therof grew in bad tearmes with the King his father and worse with the Queen D. Sibilla his mother-in-law by whom he was poursued as the king D. Pedro his father had beene by D. Leonora of Castile The marriage with this Infant D. Iohn Duke of Girone made then with Violant daugther to the Duke of Bar against his fathers liking who desired he should marry the heire of Sicily put him more into disgrace and gaue the Queen meanes to keepe him out of fauour so as the gouernment of the Realme was taken from him and for that Don Iohn Earle of Ampurias with other Noblemen were discontented the king sent to ouer-runne the territorie of Ampurias and to beseege Chastillon where the Earle was who was forced to flie by sea into Prouence The Earle of Vrgel was for the same reason poursued in hostile manner and such were the practises of Queene Sibilla as the Prince with his wife D. Violant were foeced to retire themselues farre from Court to Castelfolit where as the Bishop of Vic and the Vicounts of Lisle and Roccabertin kept him company Among other persons of the Dukes house whom the king hated was D. Constance widow to D. Francis of Perillos who was the guardien of all his secrets and of the Dutchesse Violant his wife wherefore the king did still command that she should be chased away By reason of the Duke of Girones absence from Court Queene Sibilla had meanes to giue many places and to aduance her friends yea she got a promise by oath from the chiefe townes of Arragon to defend her life and goods against the Duke who notwithstanding the king had forbidden him to meddle with the affaires carried himselfe still for Gouernor of the Realme and the King seeking to force him hee appealed to the Iustice Major of Arragon Authority of the Iustice Maior of Arragon This Magistrate beeing of great authoritie stayes all matters of fact
vntill he hath giuen sentence vpon the appeale or oppositions In the meane time the Earle of Ampurias who had fledde to Auignon and had employed all his meanes and friends to leauie men in France arriued in the Countie of Rossillon with eight hundred horse whereof Iohn Earle of Boullen was the Leader But the King beeing aduertised of his desseins had so well prouided for all things as the French seeing that all exploites of warre would be very difficult returned and abandoned the Earle of Ampurias This King D. Pedro being in peace with Castile and other potentats of Spaine he ws then to contend for the Island of Majorca Pretension of Iewis Duke of Aniou the country of Rostillon and Cerdagne Colibre and Valisper with Lewis Duke of Aniou sonne to Iohn the French King who pretended a right to those Estates by vertue of a cession made vnto him by the Marquesse of Montferat sister and heire to Don Iames the last King of Majorca but they came not to armes for these things the Duke of Aniou being diuerted by the affaires of Italy hauing being adopted by Ieanne Queene of Naples and crowned King of Naples by Pope Clement the seuenth in Auignon Who passing into Italy with an army died there So as Don Pedro King in Arragon was freed from the feare of warre which hee expected from France About that time or little before Frederic the third King of Sicile whom they surnamed the Simple his sonne in law died without any heires male who leauing but one onely daughter Pretensions of the King of Arragon to the realme of Sicile called Donna Maria hee pretended that the Realme belonged to the crowne of Arragon according to the testament of Frederic the second King of Sicile who was of the house of Arragon and also for other rights which he pretended By ths Testators will if there were no issue male of the direct line the women were excluded from the succession of the Realme willing that it should be vnited to the crowne of Arragon vpon these pretensions the King Don Pedro made great instance in the court of Rome and in the end made Cession of the right which hee pretended to his sonne Don Martin of Arragon Earle of Xerica and of Luna and afterwards duke of Momblane The quarrels and troubles which threatned Sicile were afterwards ended by accord in the time of King Iohn his sonne vpon condition that Donna Maria heire of the realme should marry the sonne of Don Martin called also Don Martin This D. Martin the father was Constable of Arragon King Frederic had had diuerse quarrels with Ioane Queene of Naples who pretended the realme of Sicile to belong vnto her but there was an accord made in the yeere of our Lord 1372. and since their accords were ratefied and confirmed by Pope Gregory the eleuenth in Auignon by whose authority the two realmes did for many yeeres after continue diuided The King D. Pedro being come to the fiftith yere of his raign Exactions vp the Clergie in the yeere of our Lord 1386. for the which there were great feasts and ioy at Barcelona hee would also giue the prelats and churchmen cause to remember it for contrary to all custome hee exacted throughout his realme great summes of money vpon the Clergy Afterwards this King being afflicted with griefe by reason of the seditions of his owne beeing charged with yeeres and wholy gouerned by his wife Queene Sibile hee died wherevpon the Clergy to the end they might terrefie Kings Death of D. Pedro King of Arragon that should that should attempt to impaire their reuenues said that he hauing violently vsurped the patrimony of Santa Tecla of Tarragone by the perswasion of Queene Sibile he ws cited by the proctors of that church to appeere before the Tribunall seat of God within three score daies after to giue an account for that fact and that the last day of the assignation hee died But it is to bee presumed that it ws time for him to leaue this world for hee was aboue three score and twelue yeeres old and had raigned fifty one Hee died at Barcelona in the yeere of our Lord 1387. where he was laied in the Cathedral church and was afterwards transported to the royall Monastery of Santa Maria of Poblete D. Iohn the first of that name and foureteenth King of Arragon TO the Realmes and soueraigne Estates of the deceased King succeeded his sonne D. Iohn D. Iohn King of Arragon acknowledgeth the Pope at Auignon the first of that name the eldest of his brethren the which Queene Sibile his mother in law sought by all meanes to hinder and had almost perswaded the King Don Pedro her husband to reiect him from the crowne but beeing giuen to vnderstand that such an iniustice procured by a mother in law against his eldest sonne might cause great troubles after his death he gaue way to the Order of nature and Don Iohn was King of Arragon It is remarkable that at the same time both in Castile and Portugal there were Kings raigning of the same name The King Don Pedro his father was a louer of learning he entertained the vniuersity of Lerida and erected one in Huesca Hauing giuen to his sonne Iohn the towne of Girone with the title of Dutchy then beganne the custome that the eldest of Arragon are called Dukes of Girone as the eldest sonne of France is called Daulphin of Vienne The new King Don Iohn beganne his raigne with the persecution of his mother in law who like vnto Donna Leonora of Castile was retired from Barcelona seeing the death of the King D. Pedro approch and had put her selfe into Zaroca where shee was soone beseeged and taken by Don Martin of Arragon the Kings brother And for that the King Don Iohn lay languishing in his bed and could not be eased by the art of Physicke this widow Queene was accused to haue caused him to bee poisoned wherevpon she was strictly examined and all those of her houshold All the goods the deceased King had bestowed on her wer made for faite and giuen to the Queene raigning Donna Violant The Regency or Gouernment of the realme was giuen to don Martin who also was made duke of Montblanc by letters giuen at Grenoillez neere to Barcelona The preuiledges lawes and statutes of that city were confirmed by him at his comming to the crowne Pope Clement at Auignon acknowledged in Arragon and hee did advow Pope Clement at Auignon by the councell of the Cardinall Don Pedro de Luna and the perswasion of the Queene D. Iolant or Violant and he of Rome was declared vnlawfull as made by force All grants made by the King D. Pedro since the yeere 1365. were reuoaked Such were the first acts of this King a Prince weake both in body and minde giuen to idlenesse hunting dauncing musicke and poesie with so violent an affection as they say hauing at his comming to the crowne
sent a solemne Ambassage to the French King to treat of the affaires of their Estates the chiefe Article was to require the French King to giue him certaine Poets of Prouence and Languedoc which did florish in those times in their vulgar tongue not much differing from the Cattelan whom hee receiued as a singular fauour honoured them and assigned them great pensions instituting for the loue of them schooles of their poesies And to fill vp the measure of his imperfections he had no care but to please his wife vnto whom he was wholy vowed and addicted The Generall Estates beeing assembled at Monçon the Deputies nad charge to require the seuerity of the ancient manners and the restoring of martiall discipline and that the honour of armes might bee reuiued wherevnto the King had no inclynation But aboue all Estates require reformation of the King and Queenes houses that the houses and courts of the King and Queene should bee reformed and reduced to the fashion and manner of their ancestors and that some base and vicious persons should be chased away There were certaine Articles presented against D. Carrocia of Villaragut one of the Queens Ladies in whom she wholy trusted and gaue her so great credit with the Kings as the honors offices of the realme were distributed acording to her aduice and will without reason measure or regard of merit The chiefe which sought this reformation were Don Alphonso of Arragon Marquis of Villena D. Iames his brother bishop of Tortoça D. Iames of Prages D. Bernardin of Cabrera Vicont of Lisle and Roa D. Pedro Queralt D. Iohn Bellera and Raymond of Bages against whom their banded some of the Kings Mignons so as all the realme was in combustion and armes but the Kings weakenesse was at that time profitable for it kept them from fighting and hauing graunted a safe conduct to D. Alphonso D. Lopes Ximenes of Vrrea Iohn Ximenes of Vrrea and other their complices they met with Don Martin the Kings brother had conference vpon the reformation and agreed vpon many Articles Amongst others Don Carrocia of Villaragut ws chased from the Queenes court with a prohibition neuer to conuerse with her or any of the Princes or Princesses During these contentions Bernard brother to the Earle of Armaignac entred into Cattelogne Vagabond troupes spoile Cattelogne with an infinit number of souldiars French and English who forraged and spoiled all they incountred Bernard their leader hauing no other reason but that he sought meanes to entertaine the souldiars This danger forced the King to arme and to march against these vagabond troupes whereof some being found scattered and out of order were defeated and the rest forced to repasse into Languedoc The affaires of Sardynia had beene compounded about the time of the death of the King D. Pedro so as the lands held by Marian Iudge of Arborea were restored to Leonara his daughter and Brancaleon of Oria her husband deliuered out of prison and betwixt the King of Arragon and the common weale of Genoua there was such an order set downe as the Siegneury of Genoua might not keepe nor arme any gallies but in the ports of Genoua Sauona Albenga and Porto Venere in the riuer of Genoua and the Ligustike sea and in other seas at Pera Capha Famogosta and Scio Valencia Majorca Monorca Iuiza Caillerij and Alguer so as a peace was entertained in the Island of Sardynia about the yeere of our Lord 1389. when as the marriage was accomplished betwixt D. Martin sonne to the Infant D. Martin duke of Momblanc and Mary daugther to Frederic the third King of Sicile a subiect of new warre Marriage of D. Martin with Mary the heire of Sicile by reason of the factions and partialities which were in that Island amongst the Noblemen some allowing and others disliking this marriage of their Princesse who according vnto some had beene taken out of the castle of Cattane where by the will of the deceased King her father shee was entertained in the gard of Artal of Alagon and conducted as it were by stealth into Cattelogne by them of Clermont The new Kings being come into Sicile with the duke of Momblanc who serued as a Tutor being accompanied by D. Bernard of Cabrera Don Artal of Luna allied to the King and many other Noblemen of Cattelogne Arragon and Valencia and with a good army they were receiued by them that held their party in the towne of Trapani from whence they sought to reduce the factions some by mildnesse and others by rigour The towne of Palermo was yeelded vnto him by the Earle of Modica and there they were crowned from whence they made a progresse so as they were acknowledged throughout the whole Realme yet there were often troubles renued through the naturall lightnesse of that nation This yeere 1389. died Pope Vrbain Portugal residing at Rome in whose place the Cardinalls of his faction did choose Boniface the ninth called before Peter Tomacel a priest Cardinall of the title of Saint Anastasius In the yeere of our Lord 1390. the citie of Lisbone was made an Archbishoprike by him at the request of the King D. Iohn who followed the Pope at Rome Lisbone made an Archbishoprike and not him at Auignon To it ws giuen for Suffragan the bishop of Coimbra for that time and in processe of time the church of Portalegre was made a Bishops seat by Paul the third The same yeere the King of Castile hauing assembled his Estates at Guadalajara Castille being thrust on with a continual desire to be King of Portugal wherevnto he was animated by the Queene Donna Beatrix his wife hee propounded to his councell that hee had resolued in that assembly to giue ouer the Realmes of Castile and Leon to his sonne Don Henry together with his other Lands and Siegneuries except Seuile Cordoua Iaen Murcia Estates of Castile and all the Moores frontiers reseruing also for himselfe the third part of the reuenues of the church granted vnto him by Pope Clement saying that he was aduertised that vpon this renunciation the Portugals would receiue him for their King for they had no other reason to oppose themselues and to reiect him but for that they could not endure to see the realme of Portugal vnited to that of Castile But his councel did aduise him not to doe a thing so dishonourable for himselfe and not profitable for his countrie in quitting his fathers realmes to thinke to get a strange one which was held by a resolute enemy shewing him by reasons and examples that he did hazard the losse of both and to bee a fable to the world for euer Hee did willingly heare and beleeue his councellors and supprest this desire enioyning them silence In this assembly he granted a generall pardon to all those that had offended him during the last warres except the Inhabitants of Tuy who had yeelded to D. Iohn King of Portugal and to his brother D.
reigne came and kist his hands being accompanied with a hundred Knights and Squiers of the country of Valencia which he had aduentured through the absence of the Earle of Transtamara his competitor who was in disgrace with the King D. Henry The Marquis hauing purged himselfe of such things as might bee obiected against him D. Alphonso of Arragon receiued gratiously by the king of Castile and made many excuses for his not comming to court he made sute to be restored to his Office of Constable of Castile which had beene taken from him by the gouernors to conferre it vpon D. Pedro Earle of Transtamara to the preiudice of his honour and dignity to whom the King gaue a gratious answere assuring him that he would order his affaires with all equity and Iustice then he intreated him to passe the mountaines and to come with him into Castile the Old but the Marquis excused him selfe saying that he was not come so well appointed as he desired to doe him seruice but if he gaue him meanes he would returne willingly to serue him So he returned into his country not well satisfied with the King D. Henry who made no account to restore him to his office of Constable but soone after by the aduice of the Archbishop of Toledo he tooke from him the title of Marquis of Villena for that it seemed not safe nor profitable for the Estate of Castile that a Marquisate frontering vpon a forraine Realme should remaine in the hands of a Knight who had so strict an alliance as the Marquis D. Alphonso had with the Kings and Realme of Arragon From Illesca the King past to Vailledolit where he was aduertised that the duke of Benauent was at Cisneros with six hundred Launces and two thousand foote and the Archbishop of Saint Iames in Amusco with other six hundred Launces and one thousand foote Many were of opinion that the Kings forces should be led against them to fight with them but the sounder iudgment disswasded al fighting if it were possible for the realm should loose of either side besides the hazard where into the King should thrust both his Estate and life by a battaile to the which a Prince must neuer come against his subiects vnlesse he be forced by ineuitable necessity This aduice preuailed and there were sent vnto the Archbishop of Saint Iames and at his request Iohn Hurtado and Diego Lopes of Mendoça to Calabaçanos with whom they wrought so as they drew him to court vpon assurance whereas the Arachbishop did also obtaine a safe-conduit for the Duke of Benauent to whom he went himselfe and brought him to court The duke being in the Kings presence Duke of Benauent comes to court and seekes to purge himselfe sought to free himselfe of the accusations which were laied against him First he maintayned that he had taken none of the Kings reuenues within his iurisdiction but what was due vnto him the which should not be held so great a crime seeing that many prelats and others of lesse quallity then himselfe had often vsed it and were not drawn into questioÌ„ As for the men of war which he had gathered together he had therein followed the general command for feare of war with the Moores after the defeat of the maister of Alcantara and if he had beene at Roa to see the Queene of Nauarre his sister it was not preiudicial to the realm nor contrary to the Kngs seruice These excuses were held neither good nor true by the king who notwithstanding told him that he would willingly forget al that was past Conditions propounded to the Duke of Benauent so as he would from threnceforth liue in peace and obedience propounding vnto him these conditions That if it were found he had leauied more money then had beene assigned him at the last Estates held at Madrid he should restore it vnto the king or to such as it did belong that he should cause D. Pedro to come to court whom the King pardoned for that which did concerne him restoring to others their interests that the duke should giue his two base sonnes in hostage and should leaue in deposito the castles of Medina del Riosecco and Tordehumos for foure yeeres with this clause that if he raised any tumults those places should come vnto the King That if he shold fal from the Kings seruice certain Knights of his houshold shold promise swear to turne vnto the kings party that the pension of an hundred 15. thousand Marauidis graunted vnto the Duke at the Estates at Madrid should be augmented to fiue hundred thousand that for the seuenty thousand frankes of gold which had beene promised him for his marriage the King gaue him the reuenues of Valencede Campo the which Iohn of Portugal had till then enioyed and now he tooke it from him for that hee had beene a practiser and confederat against his Estate These things being thus ordred the duke and the Archibishop went from court and being come to Cisneros the duke ratefied all and dismist his troupes retayning only a hundred launces for the Kings seruice Within few daies after D Alphonso Henriques came vnto the King being at Vailledolit D. Pedro Earle of â—ranstamara comes to court with a letter of credit from the Constable D. Pedro Earle of Transtamara his brother telling the King that if it pleased him to giue some assurance vnto the Earle hee would come to court wherevpon the King assured him and hee came presently freeing himselfe of many things whereof he had beene accused then he complained of D. Alhonso Earle of Gijon who had forcebly taken from him the towne of Paredes of Naua which the deceased King D. Iohn had giuen him in exchange for the towne of Alua de Tormes which he had taken from him to giue it to D. Iohn Infant to Portugal The King gaue the Constable a good reception promising to prouide for all things according vnto Iustice and presently he went in person to Paredes of Naua which place he deliuered into the hands of Ruy Lopes of Aualos his Lord Chamberlaine and did sommon his vncle D. Alphonso Earle of Gijon to appeere within threescore daies and to produce what right he had to this place wherevpon Iustice should be done him but if he did not appeere it should be adiudged to D. Pedro. The King did also presse him to sweare the Articles of the truce of Portugal as other Noblemen Prelats and Knights had done according to the capitulation the which the Earle would not doe but sought excuses and euasions wherewith the King was very much discontented This was a matter of great importance for the Marquis of Villena and the Earle of Gijon refusing to sweare the Articles the King of Portugal pretended that the truce was of no force and that the hostages were forfeited vnto him So as he refused the oth which the Marquis after his refusall would haue taken when as hee came to court saying
father was setled King of Granado Granado he onely among all his predecessors receiued this Scepter peaceably and left it quiet at his death During this reigne which beganne in the yeere 1379. and ended 1392. he had not any warre against Christian Princes for all the time of his reigne the Estate of Castile vnder King Iohn was so troubled with wars with D. Fernand King of Portugal and afterwards with the maister of Auiz and besides with the Duke of Lancaster as the Realme of Granado felt no trouble This Mahumet Guadix was soone in law to the King of Tunis whose daughter named Hadisa of the ancient linage of the Almohages he had married when his father liued by whom he had Ioseph his successor to the Realme and yet he had other wiues and many children by them according to the liberty of the Mahumetists in that point During this calme he fortefied many places in the Realme of Granado especially towards the frontier of Andalusia by the which the Kings of Castile were accustomed to inuade the Moores Hee renued the truce betwixt the two realmes of Granado and Castile with King Iohn in the yeere 1390. the which was sworne and confirmed by the Kings and by their eldest sonnes and successors The name of Guadix was giuen him for the great loue he bare to the towne of Guadix and that country from his Infancy the which he did frequent and beautifie with many things whilest he liued He died in peace in the yeere of our Lord 1392. the thirteenth of his reigne Ioseph the eleuenth King of Granado TO him succeeded this King Ioseph of whom wee haue made mention in the route with he gaue vnto Martin Ianes of Barbuda maister of Alcantara Before there was some likelihood of warre during the raigne of D. Henry the 3. king of Castile but it was soone pacified after an incounter neere vnto Lorca wheras the Mores at the coming of this king Ioseph beginning to flie were defeated with great losse If the father had raigned peaceably as well among his subiects as with Christian Princes his neighbours his son gouerned with great difficulty tumults for besides the quarels he had with the Christians which succeeded reasonably well he was pursued by his owne sonne and in danger to loose both Crowne and life Sonne persecutes the father to raigne This bad soone called Mahumet as his Grandfather was thrust on with ambition to raign ioyned with a Nobleman among the Mores called Aben Mohaya who had long hated King Ioseph These two together did what they could to put him from his royall seate dispersing among the Mores all the slanders they could inuent against him but chiefly they did charge him with the vice of clemencie which he had vsed to many Christian captiues hauing set them free without ransome an vndoubted argument sayd they that he was a Christian in heart There were great combustions throughout all Granado by meanes of this peruerse sonne and his confederats the which were pacified by the mediation of an Ambassadour from the king of Maroc of the linage of the Merins who was then at Granado for his Princes affaires who wrought in such sort as the sonne and all that followed him yeelded obedience vnto the king to the good of the Realme which for a time enioyed a desired peace for by reason of the troubles many Christians had imbraced these quarrels of the Moores ioyning with either partie but all tending to the ruine of their estate Besides this Mahumet son to king Ioseph who made warre against him Histories make mention of three others that is Ioseph the eldest who raigned but not immediatly after his father Cidi-Ali and Cidi-Amed After this pacification and the defeate of the Master of Alcantara aboue-mentioned king Ioseph was more respected among his subiects and gouerned his Realme in peace the remaynder of his dayes without any opposition He kept friendship with the Princes of Spaine his neighbours and with the Kings of Affricke as much as he could yet he grew into secret hatred with the king of Fez whereof no man knowes the occasion neither did he discouer it vntill he felt the poison which this trecherous king sent him for among many rich presents there was a cassocke of cloth of gold of great price but infected with this mortall poyson which did not worke sodenly but by degrees an art much practised among those damned creatures to free themselues of their enemies Ioseph king of Granado poysoned or to make States and Principalities voyd as their ambitious appetites did driue them King Ioseph hauing no cause as he thought to suspect any such treason from a king of his sect whome hee had not offended receiued the presents but hauing one day put on the cassocke he felt himselfe presently poysoned without remedie the which was of such force as hauing depriued him of all his naturall faculties VVonderfull force of poyson his flesh fell away by peece-meale with great horhor to them that were about him and amazement of the Phisitions which had him in cure to whome the true cause of his infirmitie nor the remedies wee euer knowne Thus this king died miserably hauing raigned about foure yeares in Granado in the yeare of our Lord 1396. and of the Arabians 779. Mahumet the 9. of that name and 12. king of Granado MAHVMET his sonne surnamed Aben-Balua who had so much desired to raigne in his fathers life-life-time vsurped the Realme from his elder brother Ioseph who yeelding to the time supported it as well as he could beeing countenanced by some Noblemen that were friends to his deceased father and him The first entrance of this king Mahumet was pleasing vnto the Moores by the cruelty he suffered to be done to two Friars brethren who mooued with an inconsiderate zeale would goe and preach in Granado Beeing forbidden by the king to preach their doctrine to a people ill prepared to receiue it they persisting in their resolution the Alfaguis and Doctors of the Alcaron fell vpon and hauing whipt them they slue them most cruelly so as these two poore Friars were held holy Martyrs whereof some of their bones were gthered together and carried to Seuile and Cordoua to them of their Order all men perswading themselues that they wrought miracles This king thinking himselfe setled in his estate he confirmed the truce with Christian Princes especially with D. Henry king of Castile who freed him of the tribute which the kings of Granado were wont to pay to the Kings of Castile The King Don Henry shewed himselfe tractable D. Henry of Castile called the siekly by reason of the indisposition of his person who beeing the rest of his daies ill disposed purchased the surname of Sickly and made him to desire peace with his neighbours and to hate warre The friendship and familiaritte of these two Princes was very great and continued long visiting one another by ambassages and sending presents striuing who should be
him little for besides that the French King was not counselled to yeeld vp the places which he held especially in Normandy the friendshippe which the King of Nauarre had with the English was suspect and odious vnto him although this amity were not preiudiciall to the French but rather a Neutrality to the end they might liue in peace then a league Seing therefore that hee was not wellcome hee returned presently into Nauarre from whence soone after he sent the Cardinall of Pampelone who had retyred himselfe into Nauarre after that hee had endured many miseries in Auignon for Pope Benedict He vsed such dilligence and fit meanes as he made the French King and his councell willing to giue recompence to the King of Nauarre for his lands wherefore he was constrained to repasse the Pyrenees againe In the meane time died Iohn of Montfort duke of Brittaine husband to Ioane sister to this King Charles of Nauarre who had by her husband foure children Iohn who was duke Richard Arthur and Gyles This Princesse was afterwards married to Henry of Lancaster King of England fourth of that name he who depriued his cousin Richard of the crowne by him she had not any children Charls King of Nauarre hauing caused his sonne Charles to be sworne his heire by the Estates of his realme he married D. Ioanne his eldest daughter to Iohn the eldest sonne of Archambaud who had succeeded in the county of Foix and Bearn but the death of Mathew of Castelbon his second daughter called Donna Maria died a Virgin and as for the third Mary Queene of Sicile being a little before dead who by her testament had left this realme to D. Martin her husband sonne to D. Martin King of Arragon he thought to make her Queene of Sicile and to marry her to this young D. Martin being a widower He therefore sent his Ambassadors to the King of Arragon to this effect who was very well pleased and yeelded to the marriage although they had offred him many other marches for his sonne D. Martin King of Sicile and that the Sicilians did what they could to make him incline to a marriage with Ioane sister to Ladislaus King of Naples The accord was made betwixt the King of Arragon Marriage of D. Martin King of Sicile and D. Bâ—ancâ— of Nauarre and the Ambassadors both of Nauarre and Sicile amongst which was Peter Serra Cardinal of Cartanea at a place called Altuâ—a in the Realme of Valencia in the yeere of our Lord 1401. where it was concluded that the King of Nauarre should giue in dowry with his daughter a hundred thousand florins of the stampe of Arragon whereof forty thousand in hand and threescore thousand at a certaine time for the which he should giue in pawne the townes and castles of Arguedas Santa Cato Murillo and Gallipienço the King of Arragon should binde for her dowry the townes and castles of Sos Saluaterra Vncastillo and Rueste And for that they were somewhat allied by affinity there should be a dispensation procured from Benedict For confirmation and execution of these things the Kings of Arragon and Nauarre had an enterview vpon the confines of their Realmes betwixt Cortes and Mallen where they did sweare what had beene concluded With the King of Nauarre did sweare D. Lionel of Nauarre his brother D. Charles of Beaumont chiefe Standard-bearer D. Martin of Lacarra Marshal D. Francis of Villa Espeça Chancellor of the realme Iohn Ruys of Ayuar superintendant of the treasure and D. Martin of Olloaqui prior of Saint Iohn with others In like manner did many noblemen and prelats for the King of Arragon This don the King of Arragon was conducted to Cortes where hauing beene royally feasted by the King of Nauar the Infanta D. Blanch was deliuered vnto him a Princesse of excellent beauty whom he led into his country hauing prepared a fleet at Valencia he sent her into Sicile to the King D. Martin his son vnder the charge of D. Martin of Cabrera a Knight of Cattelogne in 1402. This Lady was in the end Queene of Nauarre for soone after the content of this marriage followed a discontent for the death of D. Lewis the second son to the King of Nauar being but sixe months old and not long after that of D. Charls his eldest Death of the two sonnes of Nauarre which two Infants are buried in the Cathedral church at Pampelone and D. Blanch suruiued her eldest sister D. Ioane The crowne of Nauarre fell then to the succession of daughters and the King caused D. Ioane his eldest daughter to be againe sworne heire of the realme with her husband D. Iohn of Foix. This same yeere the Episcopal sea of Pampelone was voide by the death of Cardinal Martin of Salua bishop of that city who had past the age of 66. yeeres in great trouble and paine to maintaine the party of Pope Benedict in Auignon D. Michel of Salua his Nephew obtained the Bishoprike after him who was afterwards made Cardinal by Pâ—pe Benedict in following of whom he died two yeeres after at Monaco The King of Nauarre being the third time called in France his voiage was then more proffitable vnto him then at the precedent for he obtained of king Charles the sixt the Lordship of Neâ—oâ—rs the which was erected to a Dutchy and moreouer twelue hundred pounds starling of yeerely rent to be taken out of the reuenues of Bry and Champagne with a good summe of ready money for all pretensions and rights the which he renounced seeing he could not doe otherwise Title of Earle of Eureuâ— ceaseth in the house of Nauaâ—re and taks that of duke of Nemours in respect whereof the title of Earle of Eureux ceased in the house of Nauarre taking that of Duke of Nemours The towne of Cherbourg in Normandy held in the King of Nauarres name by the Marshal D. Martin Henriques was by this accord deliuered to the French all letters and expeditions being ended the King D. Charles returned into Nauarre an other way for he past by Languedoc and Cattelogne where he visited the King D. Martin at Lerida with great content and pleasure to these two Princes allied Passing from thence by Sarragossa he came into his country where afterwards he gaue himselfe to building in many places yea two sumptuous pallaces one in Tafalla the other in Olite the which now fall to ruine Buildings of Charles the 3. King of Nauarre for want of reparations especially that of Olite where the Marshalls of Nauarre were accustomed to lodge and the Spaniards say that he had intent to make a paued causey and couered to passe at all times without discommodity from one of these places to the other being but a little league distant The bridge of Estella vpon the riuer of Ega was this Kings worke who for that he had liued in continuall peace had store of treasure to imploy in such buildings During his aboad in France there had beene some
to the Christians who went and camped before Septenil hauing in their campe some peeces of ordinance whereof the Spaniards were in those daies very vnskilfull the inuention of that deuilish Engine being then new At sea thirteene gallies of Castile did fight against three and twenty of the Moores First vse of Artillery in Spaine D. Alphonso Henriques being Admiral of Castile who tooke eight of the enemies gallies the rest soone perished and some fled The seege of Septenil was long during the which D. Pedro of Estuniga tooke Ayamont and in the end through the valour of the Moores which were within Septenil they were forced to raise the seege The Moores after this retreat recouered Priego and Las Cueuas and burnt them they attempted Cagnette but they found it well manned The duke of Pegnafiel going from Seuile had carried in this warre the sword of King Fernand surnamed the holy who tooke that city from the Moores attributing some vertue and happinesse therevnto and for that hee had promised to bring it backe and leaue it in its place hee did it at this returne and then past into Castile leauing good order vpon the frontier An. 1407. this is all was done in the yeere of our Lord 1407. in the warre of Granado Death of D. Pero Lopes of Ayala a valiant and learned Knight at what time died Don Pedro Lopes of Ayala great Chamberlaine of Castile being threescore and fifteene yeeres of age a Knight endowed with two principall quallities which adorne nobility for besides his learning which was great he had made proofe of his valour in the two battailes of Nagera betwixt the two Kings D. Pedro and D. Henry brethren and in that of Aljubarote betwixt D. Iohn King of Castile and D. Iohn of Portugal He hath left in writing the History of Castile of his time a treatise of hunting wherevnto he was much giuen and other Bookes The yeere 1408. being come An. 1408. the Estates of Castile and Leon assembled at Guadalajara whether came the King the Queene-mother and the Infanta The duke of Pegnafiel came also whereas the deputies of the Estates hauing had diuerse conferences touching the continuance of the warre of Granado they agreed and offred money for the furnishing thereof yet with some delaies and difficulties D. Pedro de Luna Archbishop of Toledo who had beene at this assembly had led a young man of eighteene yeeres of age with him whom he aduowed to be his kinsman and was called Aluaro de Luna whom he brought into the Kings house Aluaro de Luna and his beginning and made his Page of the chamber by the meanes of Gomes Carillo the Kings Gouernor He was held to be sonne of Aluaro of Luna Lord of Cagnette who was chiefe cup-bearer to the King D. Henry but he who was held to be his father did not avow him for his sonne for he was borne of a dishonest woman called Mary of Cagnette who had beene common to others and had brought them children wherefore Aluaro de Luna did not thinke that this was his sonne and for that he should not inherit his great possessions hee sould all in his life time leauing to this child only eight hundred florins and that at the intreaty of his friends Aluaro the father being dead the child retired to Auignon to the court of Pope Benedict where hauing remained some time he came into Castile to the Archbishop by whose meanes he was receiued into the Kings house and in time grew so great as he was made Constable of the realme and yet it was not very successfull for him His mother Mary of Cagnette had also by a captaine of Cagnette D. Iohn of Crezuela who was Bishop of Osma and afterwards Archbishop of Seuile and in the end of Toledo Whilest they ramained at Guadalajara the King of Granado came to the seege of Alcaudete Exploits of warre betwixt the Castillans and Moores hauing seuen thousand horse and 26000. foote in his army yet through the valour of Martin Alphonso of Montemajor and others which were within the place it was preserued The Moores victuals were many times cut off by the garrisons of Andalusia many light victories gotten one of an otheâ— wheras Garci Fernandes Manrique captaine of Xeres and Fernand Rodriques ofVallezillo who held Zahara and Fernand Arias of Sahauedra Gouernor of Cagnette shewed themselues both valiant vigilant carrying great spoiles out of the Moores country euery one in his quarter This warre beeing more difficult to the King of Granado then hee had estemeed hee sent Ambassadors to the Gouernors at Guadalajara to demaund a truce the which was graunted Trust with the Moores against the will of D. Fernand Duke of Pegnafiel who desired the warre should continue Wherefore the Estates reduced the subuention which they had granted of threescore millions of marauidies to fiue and forty Ioseph the thirteenth King of Granado DVring this cessation of armes Moores King Mahumet Aben Balua died hauing put on a poisoned shirt the twelfth yeere of his reigne and of the Arabians the 791. in whose place came King Ioseph his eldest brother a little before put in prison in Salobregne from whence he was drawne and led with great silence to Granado to raigne ouer the Moores being loath presently to divulge Mahumets death for feare of the Christians enterprises Seeing himselfe setled he sent a messenger presently to D. Alphonso Fernandes Gouernor of Alcala the royal aduertising him of his aduancement and withall he sent vnto the King of Castile and to the Gouernors a Moorish Knight called Abdalla Alemin to let them vnderstand what had past intreating them to reioyce at his good hap and to continue the truce made with his predecessor Mahumet the which the Queene mother and the duke D. Fernand did confirme for the said time and sent a Secretary to Granado to see it sworne At his returne he was accompanied with an other Ambassador who had charge to present vnto the King of Castile horses swords some peeces of veluet raysins dried figs almonds and other presents and to require a prolongation of the truce for two yeeres but he obtained it not for the Queene mother and the duke of Pegnafiel would haue King Ioseph acknowledge himselfe vassall to the King of Castile whereof the Ambassador excused himselfe saying that he had no charge to treat of any such matter An. 1409. yet all acts of hostility ceased that yeere 1409. notwithstanding some tumult at Priego the Moores contrary to their plighted faith running vpon them which did repaire it but this was pacefied and satisfied with excuses from King Ioseph and the truce prolonged for fiue monthes The court being at Vailedolit Castile was then in some combustion for that many imagining that D. Iohn Velasco and D. Diego Lopes of Estuniga did entertaine the Queene mother in quarrel with the duke of Pegnafiel D. Frederic the young Earle of Transtamara sonne to D. Pedro
did presse him to punish them offring to lay hold of them if he pleased whereof they hauing some intelligence retired from court whereat the Queene was much discontented and was not quiet vntill she had caused them returne hauing obtained a safe conduit from the duke D. Fernand. At Vailledolit there arriued Ambassadors from the French King and from Lewis Duke of Orleans his brother who offred the King of Castile and his Gouernors to come to the war against the Moores with a thousand launces entertained with them were Ambassadors from the Dukes of Austria and Luxemburg making the like offers and more ouer the Duke of Orleans demaunded Queene Beatrix widow to King Iohn the first to wife There were great thankes giuen vnto them all and the truce made with the new King of Granado made knowne vnto them As for the marriage the widow Queene would giue no eare vnto it contenting herselfe to liue a widowes life in her house of Villa real from whence she did not part The French Ambassadors confirmed the ancient league betwixt the houses of France and Castile At Vailledolit there was an assembly in the which was ratefied the marriage of the Infanta Donna Maria the Kings sister with her cousin Germain D. Marriage betwixt D. Alphonso eldest sonne to the Duke of Pegnafiel and D. Maria the Kings sister Alphonso eldest sonne to the Duke of Pegnafiel to her was assigned for dowrie the Marquisate of Villena Aranda and Portillo and for an earnest penny of the marriage there were thirty thousand doublons of gold deliuered This yeere D. Laurence Suarez of Figueroa maister of Saint Iames being dead there was substituted in his place D. Henry the third sonne to the Infant D. Fernand Duke of Pegnafiel notwithstanding all the labouring of Garcia Hernandes Lord of Villagarcia great Commander of Castile About that time there was set vp as a most holy thing in Spaine an Image of the Virgin Mary found by a relligious Frenchman in the mountaine which is betwixt Salamanca and Cite Roderigue called La Pegna of France where afterwards there was a monastery built in honour of this Image whereof the Spaniards report many Prodigies and miracles of the which they haue made whole bookes and treaties This age was fertile during the Schisme of the church of sects and new monasticall institutions For besides the reformation of the regular Chanoins of Saint Augustin by the dilligence of Leon of Carrate Prior of Frigionaja of Santa Maria in the fields of Luca the Order of White Monkes of Mount Oliuet had its beginning neere vnto Siena by Bernard and other Monkes of Siena and that of Saint George of Alaga by Laurence Iustinian a Venetian otherwise called blue Celestins The same yeere the Schisme in the church did produce a third head in the church of Rome Three Popes at one time in the church of Rome for many Princes hauing insisted much for the revnion of the church that the two Popes Benedict of Auignon and Gregory of Rome should meet at Sauona and take some good course for the quiet of Christendome these good fathers zealous of their glory did so contemne one an other as there was no meanes to draw them together wherefore many Cardinals being disbanded as well from the sea of Rome as from that of Auignon there was a councell celebrated by them at Pisa in Tuscany by the which Benedict and Gregory being deposed from their papal dignity Peter Philarge a friar borne in Candy Archbishop of Milan and Cardinal of the title of the twelue Apostles was chosen and named Alexander the fifth who liued but teene monthes wherefore the Cardinals were forced to meet againe at Bolonia in Lombardy whereas Balthasar Cosse a Neapolitaine Cardinal of the title of Saint Eustace and Legat of Bolonia was chosen and named by them Iohn the three and twentith This was a triepling of the Schisme and confusion in the church of Rome for the two first Popes did still hold their dignities and had their followers to the contempt one of an other namely Castile and Nauarre held for Benedict resyding in Auignon holding the other two for false Popes Aboue all others D. Martin King of Arragon did reuerence and support Pope Benedict Arragon who at that time had many crosses both within and without his realme for the King of Sicile his sonne being young and gouerned by young men had so discontented the Noblemen of the country both Sicilians and Arragonois as finding himselfe plonged againe in very great difficulties the King his father was forced to send him succors both of gallies and souldiars whereby in the end he became maister of all Sicile but with great paine and being better councelled he did gouerne it with more honour and authority but not without continuall iealousie and distrust Yet hee had meanes to imploy himselfe in the warre of Sardynia and to preserue that Island to the crowne of Arragon In the which Brancaleon of Oria VVarre in Sardynia had made such attempts against the Arragonois as they were in a manner ready to abandon it hee hauing ioyned vnto his forces those of Americ Vicont of Narbone who had married Beatrix sister to his wife Leonora of Arborea these two brothers in law being strong and also faoured by the common-weale of Genoua it was needfull to haue the forces of Sicile and Arragon vnited to suppresse them D. Martin King of Sicile came thether in person with tenne gallies with a resolution not to leaue the Island vntill he had wholy subdued it whereof he did aduertise the King his father who soone after sent D. Pedro Torellia into Sardynia with an hundred and fifty saile which transported good numbers of foote and horse with many Noblemen and Knights of fame During this preparation D. Raymond Boil Viceroy of Valencia was murthered in Easter weeke Viceroy of Valencia slaine by the treachery of his owne brother going out of the castle whereof his owne brother was a practiser whereof being conuicted he lost his life with the rest that had committed the murther Within a while after there was a marriage in the same city betwixt D. Iames of Arragon Eaâ—â—e of Vrgel sonne to D. Pedro and D. Isabella the Kings sister and daughter to the deceased King D. Pedro and of Sibille of Sforza his last wife an vnfortunate marriage as we will shew And for that a son which D. Martin King of Sicile had had by D. Blanche of Nauarre was dead about that time D. Martin King of Arragon the grandfather conceiued so great a griefe as retyring himselfe from all affaires he shut himselfe vp in the Monastery of Val de Christus which hee had caused to bee built and left the whole charge of the warre of Sardynia to his sonne Don Martin King ofSicile who with the forces of Arragon led by D. Pedro Torellia charged the enemies campe about Sauluri and put them to roâ—t with great slaughter forcing the Vicont of
who haue alwaies done great seruice in these Moorish warres the which kept King Ioseph for aduenturing of a battaile The towne of Antiquera being prest with all violence it was taken there going first vnto the assault Antequera taken the companies of D. Garci Fernandes Manrique of D. Charles of Areillan Lord of Los Cameros and Roderigo of Narbaez The first which died in fighting was Iuancho a Biscain and the first which entred were Guttiere of Torres and Sancho Gonçales Cherino The castle did hold out eight daies longer and then was yeelded by the Moores to haue their liues saued and their goods who were safely conducted to Archidona There entred into it Don Frederic Earle of Transtamara and the Bishop of Palencia the garde of the towne and castle was giuen to Roderigo of Narbaez In the meane time the Moores did forrage the territorie of Alcala the royall and the Christians after the taking of Antiquera did ouerrunne the country of Aznalmara Cabecha and Yâ—har small townes which were taken by force through the wisdome and valour chiefely of the Constable D. Ruy Lopes of Aualos after which exploits the Infant Don Fernand returned a victor to Seuile where he had messengers from the King of Granado Truce with the King of Granado soliciting him to make a truce wherevnto hee yeelded being prest to attend the affaires of Arragon wherefore there was a truce concluded betwixt Castile and Granado for seuenteene monthes Wee haue before left Don Martin King of Arragon beeing without children â—â— succeed him Arragon importuned by many Princes pretending to bee his heires troubled with the seditions and rebellions of the Sardynians and Sicilians beeing old and broken and yet newly married to a young Princesse with hope to raise his house But beeing weake both in bodie and minde griefe and care made the way to pestilent feuer the which seized on him this yeere 1410. in the Monastery of Valdonzellas neere to Barcelona hauing raigned about 14. yeeres whose body was buried in the Monastery of Problette There was no will of his found or any heire instituted in his Realmes of Arragon Sicile c. The reason thereof was thought to bee for that hee knew not to which hee should incline amongst all the pretendants to that crowne after his decease Wherefore the Arragonois Valentlans Cattelans and Sicilians were in great perplexity for Don Fernand Duke of Pegnafiel Infant of Castile pretended a right Princes pretending to the realme of Arragon beeing sonne to Donna Leonora of Arragon sister to the two last Kings decreased Lewis Duke of Aniou hauing married Donna Violâ—nt daughter to King Iohn the first maintained the succession to belong to him the like pretension had Don Iames Earle of Vrgel hauing also married one of the daughters of the King Don Pedro Don Frederic of Arragon Earle of Luna base sonne to Martin King of Sicile put forth himselfe and so did Don Alphonso Earle of Gandia all these pretendants had their partisans within the Realme and euery one tried all meanes with great contention and likely-hood of sedition to attaine vnto that which hee pretended so as in these tumults Don Anthony of Luna slue Don Garcia Archbishop of Saragossa treacherously Murther of the Archbishop of Saragâ—ssa To preuent which disorders in time the Noblemen of the Realme agreed that of the three Estates there should be nine men chosen by whose Iudgement the Scepter of Arragon should bee giuen to him of the pretendants whom they should thinke most profitable for the common-weale For Arragon there were named Don Dominike Bishop of Huesca Francis of Aranda and Don Berenger of Bardaxi a great Lawier For the principality of Cattelog D. Pedro Zagariga Archbishop of Tarragona William of Vallesca and Bernard of Gualues And for the Realme of Valencia were chosen Vincent Ferrier Nine arbitrators to choose the King of Arragon of the Order of the preaching friars who was afterwards connonized his brother Boniface Ferrier a Lawier a Monke of the Order of the Carthusians and Maister Peter Bertrand this last was substituted in the place of Gines of Rabeça who fell mad These nine men beeing assembled in the castle of Caspe which is in Arragon all those which pretended any right vnto the Realme were sommoned to exhibit their reasons before them whereof some appeered personally and others by their Ambassadours In the meane time in Castile the Infant D. Fernand for himselfe and the King his Nephew caused this businesse to be consulted of by the learned of the country who in the beginning were of opinion that both of them had an interest and that they must frame an opposition before the Delegats as well in the Kings name beeing a pupill as in his vncle and tutor Don Fernand yet hauing better considred or being otherwise perswaded they gaue all the right of the succession in the realme of Arragon to the Infant D. Fernand who for this cause deputed Ambassadors the Bishop of Palença and D. Diego Lopes of Estuniga chiefe Iustice of Castile D. Fernand with his right vseth armes and Lord of Bejar with Doctor Pero Sanches of the Kings councel to send them into Arragon and at the same time hee caused fifteene hundred launces to draw neere vnto the frontier of Arragon hee and the Queene-mother with the young King comming to Aillon a neere place to Arragon Whilest they are busie about these pursutes the Duke of Benauent a prisoner in the castle of Mont-real Castile brake prison and escaped hauing slaine the captaine which had him in gard whereof they beeing aduertised at court they prouided speedily for all the passages especially towards Portugal thinking that hee would bend that way but hee went towards Nauarre where hee was kindely entertained by the King D. Charles and by the Queene Dionna Leonora his sister who notwithstanding hauing receiued letters from the Queene-mother the Infant Don Fernand and the councell of Castile iutreating them to set a gard vpon the Dukes person vntill they had further newes they caused him to bee put into a strong castle yet intreating him with all honour and respect and then they sent an Ambassador into Castile to make their excuse for that they had receiued this fugitiue Prince and intreated him as their brother but they kept him in sure garde that he should not attempt any thing against the crowne of Castile This Ambassadour found the court at Aillon where he was well receiued and his excuses allowed There arriued also Ambassadors from the French King with very rich presents the which were required with others of no lesse value being sent by an expresse Ambassage some monthes after This yeere of our Lord 1411. An. 1411. Greene crosses the badge of the Knights of Alcantara Pope Benedict graunted that the Knights of Alcantara in steed of hoods which they did weare in signe of their profession should from thence forth carry greene crosses During the courts aboade at Arllon attending what
would bee the end of the troubles of Arragon which increased daily they sent the horsemen of Castile to fauour the friends of the Archbishop of Saragosla that was slaine by the which the lands of D. Anthony de Luna were spoiled And at that time friar Vincent Ferrier that great preacher made a voiage to the court of Castile who made some sermons before the Queene mother and some Noblemen by whose aduice there was an Order made that all Iewes dwelling in Castile should carry for a marke and distinction to bee knowne a peece of red cloth vpon their cloakes and the Moores greene hattes with white moones The affaires of Arragon growing tedious the King was carried backe to Vailledolit The truce of Portugall being expired it was treated by Ambassadours to make a perpetuall peace the which was not then concluded The arbitrators appointed to iudge to whom the Realme of Arragon did belong Arragon hauing beene many daies in conference in the castle of Caspe in the end they did all agree to adiudge it to the Infant D. Fernand of Castile whereof hee had notice giuen him in Iune in the yeere 1412. beeing at Cuenca wherefore hauing made his election knowne vnto King Iohn his Nephew and to the Queene his mother and giuen great thankes for the fauour he had receiued in that respect by the forces and meanes of Castile he prepared himselfe to goe and take possession of his Realme And first of all hee declared for Tutors and Gouernors of the Realme in his place D. Iohn of Illesca Bishop of Siguença D. Pablo bishop of Carthagena D. Henry Manuel Earle of Montalegre and Pero Alfan of Ribera Gouernor of Andalusia with whom hee ioyned other men of State and learning This and other things beeing ordred hee went into Arragon where he found great resistance especially of Don Iames Earle of Vrgel who pretended to reigne him he sought by all friendly meanes to draw vnto his seruice but in vaine for the Earle being obstinate he drew the English into Spaine notwithstanding whose aide he yeelded D. Fernand the first of that name the sixteenth King of Arragon DOn Fernand the first of that name raigned in Arragon Genealogie of Arragon Cattelogne Valencia Sicile Majorca Minorca c. By the consent of all the Estates and for his good parts was surnamed the honest whose posterity was famous Before hee came to the crowne of Arragon he had by his wife the Countesse of Albuquerque Don Alphonso who was heire of the Realmes and was in his fathers life-time called Prince of Girone in steed of the title of Duke vsurped vntill that time by the eldest sonnes of Arragon He had also by her the Infant Don Iohn who was King of Nauarre and afterwards of Arragon and Sicile by the decease of his elder brother Moreouer hee had Don Henry maister of Saint Iames Don Sancho maister of the Alcantara and the Infant Don Pedro who died in the warres of Naples beeing slaine with a great shot all these fiue Princes were borne in Castile The daughters which issued from this marriage were Donna Maria Queene of Castile married to King Iohn the second her cousin germaine and Donna Leonora who was Queene of Portugal wife to Don Edward D. Fernand was two and thirty yeeres old when hee beganne to reigne in Arragon beeing Lord of great possessions in Castile whereof he gaue the Dutchy of Pegnafiel and the Signeury of Lara to Don Iohn his second sonne all which Inheritance both by father and mother in Castile his children enjoyed for a time but beeing turbulent and not able to entertaine themselues with the Kings of Castile they lost all In the yeere 1413. the King Don Fernand hauing beseeged the Earle of Vrgel Vrgel in the towne of Balaquer for that hee did still raise new troubles hee prest him in such sort as his wife was perswaded to goe forth and casting her selfe at the Kings feete to demaund her husbands life The King vsing his accustomed clemency pardoned him his life but the Earle comming forth and hauing kist the Kings hands hee was shut vp in the same castle There were many Knights of Castile which serued the King in this warre and amongst other forces there were sent vnto him by Donna Catherine Queene of Castile foure hundred launces with promise to furnish him with foure thousand if he had need but the Earles yeelding freed him of that necessity Hee seized vpon Lerida and other places and in a short time made all within the Realme to bow and therefore hee sent away his souldiars of Castile well satisfied Don Godfrey of Nauarre Earle of Cortes and Marshall of Nauarre the Kings base sonne was at this warre with some men at armes The new King did afterwards cause the Earle of Vrgel to bee araigned and condemned him to perpetuall prison depriuing him of his dignity and goods and then he sent him prisoner to Vruegna a sort in Castile from whence he was afterwards transported to Mora. The Countesse his mother was also condemned to loose her goods and some men of base condition were put to death These things being done the King came to Saragossa Coronation of the King D. Fernand at Saragossa where he was crowned by the Archbishop of Tarragone in the presence of many Noblemen of Arragon Valencia Sicile Cattelogâ—e Castile and Nauar at the which there were great and stately triumphes To serue at this ceremony the Queene of Castile his sister in law had sent him a crowne of gold weighing fifteene markes inricht with many stones of great value He was armed Knight by the Duke of Gandia and then annointed and crowned in the great church of Saragossa after which act he was very bountiful to the Noblemen and Knights that assisted at his coronation From Nauarre came the Marshall D. Godfrey Peter Martin of Peralta with many others Going from Saragossa he came to Morella where he should meete with Pope Benedict who after his deposing had retired himselfe into Arragon yet retayning still his dignity Pope Benedict in Arragon as much as he might There they had an enterview whereas Pope Benedict went in a sollemne procession in his pontificall habit with a white Miter on his head set with stones of great price to whom the King did all the honour hee could deuise Before his departure from thence there came Ambassadours from the Emperour Sigismond who perswaded the King of Arragon to fauour the councell which was then called at Constance for the rooting out of the schisme To treat whereof there was an enterview concluded betwixt the two Princes at Nice and the King was intreated to perswade Benedict Councel of Constance willingly to renounce his dignity of Pope An. 1414. The councell began the fifth day of Nouember in the yeere 1414. and continued aboue three yeeres There were Ambassadors sent from Castile by the aduice of King Fernand D. Diego of Anaya Maldonado Archbishop of Seuile and D.
was giuen to the Infant Don Iohn by king Charles in dowry with D. Blanche his daughter foure hundred twenty thousand a hundred and twelue florens of gold of the coyne of Arragon sixe solz and eight deniers a notable summe for a King of Nauarre an argument of the great tresure which hee had gathered together during the long peace of his raigne It was also agreed that the lands and forts which the Infant did hold in Castile and Arragon shold descend to the heire which shold be borne of that marriage succeeding to the Crowne of Nauarre The Infant did enioy in Arragon the Dutchies of Gandia and Momblanc Possessions D. Iohn Infant of Arragon the Earledome of Ribagorça and the towne of Balaguer and in Castile the Dutchie of Pegnafiel Infantazgo and the Segneurie of Lara and moreouer the townes of Cuellar Castro-Xeris Villalon and Haro afterwards he obtayned Alba de Tormes Olmedo Paredes of Naua Majorga Villerado Cerezo Medina del campo Aranda of Duego Roa Colmenar and other places all which he afterwards lost by the wars he had against Castile the titles and pattents whereof are remayning in the records of Nauarre These articles of marriage were sworne by the three Estates of the Realme And it was long disputed betwixt the Infant Don Iohn and the king of Castiles councell where this marriage should be celebrated In the end he got fortie dayes libertie to go and perform it in Nauarre whither he went accompained with many of the Nobility of Castile From hencefoorth D. Iohn will entitle himselfe Infant of Nauarre and Arragon The marriage beeing ended returning with his wife D. Blanche towards Castile hee met with a messenger from Don Sancho of Rojas Archbishop of Toledo who aduertised him of a great excesse committed by his brother Don Henry Master of Saint Iames solliciting him to returne with all speed to court and thus it was Don Henry the third sonne to the deceased Don Fernand king of Arragon desired to marrie Donna Catherine king Iohns youngest sister Castile who had the Marquisate of Villena for her dowrie but fearing that he should neuer obtaine her by any due course he resolued to haue her by force so as beeing rash and exceeding bold he entred on a time into Toledo with three hundred armed men where he seized on the kings person wherein he was assisted and fauoured by Don Ruy Lopes of Aualos the Constable and D. Pedro Manriques They tooke Iohn Hurtado of Mendoça Lord Steward of the king house and others who were opposite vnto them and holding the King as it were a prisoner they caused many of his houshold seruants and Officers to be chased away aboue all they desired to displace D. Aluaro de Luna kinsman to the deceased Archbishop of Toledo who of a page of the chamber was come to be the kings great minion But D. Henry held it now the best to winne him by mildnesse and bountie that hee might make vse of him in that which he pretended The Infanta Donna Catherina to whom this marriage with Don Henry was not pleasing entred into the Monasterie of Saint Claire in that cittie from whence she was afterwards taken for that Don Henry led the King to Segouia and then to Auila promising not to vse any force concerning the marriage Don Iohn Infant of Nauar and Arragon hearing of these newes he much blamed the attempt of Don Henry his brother and resolued to oppose himselfe against him wherefore he called all his friends to Olmedo and such Noblemen and Knights as disliked of his excesse so as in few daies hee assembled three thousand Lances the Infant D. Henry preparing also for the warre hee was in a manner equall in strength to his aduersaries beeing in the towne of Auila whether hee had led the King The factious being ready to enter into a furious warre D. Leonora the widdow Queene of Arragon and mother to these two Princes laboured so betwixt them as all these troups retyred except a thousand Lances which remayned for the Kings gard then comming to the treaty of marriage the Infanta D. Catherina being instantly intreated by the King her brother who was not free to take D. Henry for her husband she would by noe meanes harken to it D. Henry being the stronger about the King thinking that D. Iohn was opposite to his dessines he kept him from the king not respecting him nor them that followed him Estates sorcea he called an assembly of his partizans in forme of a Parlament where he caused the fact of Tordesillas to be allowed and ordained what he pleased yea he caused letters to be written in the Kings name to the Pope by the which hee intreated him to giue vnto the Infant D. Henry the Lands of the Maistershippe of Saint Iames in â—ee simple to him and his children for euer with the title of a Dutchy an impudent demand and so reiected by the Pope The King married with D. Maria of Arragon Demanâ— of D. Henry mâ—â—t impudent in Auila without feasts or ceremony and then they led him to Talauera and the Infant D. Henry neuer ceassed vntill he had celebrated his marriage with D. Catherina his Cousin Germaine causing the Marquisate of Villena to be assigned for her dowry with the title of Dutchy who was the third Duke of Castile and the question being of marriages Marriage forced betwixt D. Henry and D. Catherine of Castille where they doe vsually shew them-selues bountifull Aluar de Luna the Kings Minnion had in guift the towne of Saint Stephen of Gormas and other Knights were aduanced to other lands as it pleased D. Henry The King being much discontented with his restrayned Estate hee conferred often with Aluar de Luna of the meanes how hee might escape but there appeared great difficulties on euery side for the confederats which held him watcht carrefully ouer him notwithstanding going one day abroad vnder collour of hunting King escapes out of D Henries hands he aduentured to runne to Villalua and finding himselfe not safe there he past to Montalban which is betwixt Talauera and Toledo some-what out of the way whereof the Infant D. Henry being aduertised who had newly fynished his marriage he was wonderfully troubled in mynde drawing what forces he could to field and then the Constable and he followed the King but in vaine for he was in a place of safety who sent some to aduise them that they should not follow him but returne to Talauera which the Infant D. Henry did but the troupes which were in the poursute stayed not vntill they had some newes and came and lodged about the Castle of Montalban yet they attempted not any thing for the reuerence they bare vnto the King who seeing him-selfe as it were beseeged and without victualls in the place he had means to aduertise the Infant D. Iohn D. Sancho of Roias Archbishoppe of Toledo the Admirall D. Alphonso Henriques and other Knights intreating them to
of Nauarre after the decease of the Infant Don Iohn his father From Olmedo Castille the King of Castile came to Toledo to the Estates whether D. Henry the Constable and their confederates were cited who appeared not but sent their Ambassadors to make their excuses saying that they held for their professed enemies Don Sancho of Rojas Archbishop of Toledo D. Iohn Hurtado of Mendoça and many others and that they suspected the Infant D. Iohn wherewith the King beeing more incensed then before resolued to pursue them by armes wheresoeuer they were but Don Henry being aduertised and aduised promised to present himselfe before the King at Madrid by the fourteenth of May this yeare 1422. where he appeared a day before the Assignation An. 1422. Hauing kist the Kings hand beginning to enter into a discourse to excuse and iustifie himselfe the King would not heare him but sent him back to his lodging The day following there were produced in the Kings Councel fourteene of the Constable d' Aualos letters D. Râ—y de Aualos the Constable charged with treason by the which he was charged with treason and practising with the King of Granado against the King of Castile his Lord. They were openly read by Sancho Romero the kings Secretary who said that D. Diego of Fuentesalida Bish. of Zamora had giuen him them D. Henry and Garci Fernandes Manrique thinking to defend the Constables innocie and fidelitie were committed to prison by the Kings commandement and all the horses and furniture they had in Court seazed on The Constable and the Infanta D. Catherina being aduertised of what had past at Madrid they left Castile and retired to Balueda a castle in the realme of Valencia and the Gouernor Don Pedro Manrique fled to Tarassone wherefore the King caused all their goods to bee seazed commanding all Gouernors and Magistrates to apprehend them These letters did not seeme very certaine wherefore they of the Kings councell suspecting that they were counterfet as in truth they were they caused the Kings Attorney generall to frame an accusation against the Constable for that he had beene a confederate and fauourer of D. Henry when as the King was detained in Tordesilla and of the disorders which after followed by reason whereof his goods were seazed on for it did appeare that the letters were counterfet by the confession of Iohn Gracia of Guadalajara the Constables Secretary who betraying his Maister had himselfe counterfetted them and sealed them with his seale at Toledo for which crime he was executed at Vailledolit The King caused Gonçala Mexia to bee named Administrator of the Order of Saint Iames whereof the Infant D. Henry being in prison was Maister and did aduertise the King of Arragon of his detention and the causes The Constable and the Infant D. Catherina being retired to Valencia they were well entertained by them that did gouerne those realmes in the absence of D. Alphonso of Arragon who was at Naples whereat D. Iohn King of Castile was so much discontented as he sent his Ambassadors into Italy to the K. of Arragon to complaine of this factâ— About the end of this yeare 1422. King Iohn had by Queene Mary his wife Death of the Archb. of Toledo a daughter borne at Ilesca who was named D. Catherina and about that time D. Sancho of Rojas Archbishop of Toledo died at Alcala of Henares in wose place was substituted Don Iohn of Contreras Deane of the â—ame Church and borne at Riaxa The Infanta D. Catherina was declared and sworne heire of the Realme of Castile the yeare following 1423. at the Estate of Toledo if the King her father should die without heires male for such was the custome of Spaine There the truce betwixt Castille and Portugall was renewed for twenty nine yeares with a condition that if hereafter the one should offer to make warre against the other hee should giue him warning 18. moneths before A sinceritie which is contemned in this age whereas they seeke to surprise one another by any secret and indirect meanes This truce was proclamed the court being at Auila And sonne after the king Don Iohn beeing at Vailledolit there came ambassadours from D. Alphonso King of Arragon to excuse the reception which had beene giuen at Valencia to the Infanta D. Catheriâ—n and the Constable Don Ruis Lopes of Alualos and to acquaint the king of Castile with the successe of the warre of Neples whereas they king of Arragon was busied This Prince who was famous not onely among all them that had raigned in Arragon Arragon but in all the rest of Christendome had this occasion to vndertake the warre of Naplees after the decease of king Ladisâ—aâ—s his sister Ioane the second window to the Duke of Esterlic hauing succeeded in the Realme as shee was infamous by reason of the familiatity which was more then did befiâ— the greatnesse of a Queene Vnchastnesse of loane 2. Quene of Neples which she had with Pandolfello Alope a Knight of Naples being held to be one of the goodliest men of his time Shee to couer their loose life contracted marriage with Iames of Bourbon Earle of Marche a Prince of the bloud Royall of France vppon condition that he should not intitle him selfe king nor should not meddle with the gouernement of the Realme but as she pleased The Earle being come to Naples he soone discouered what past betwixt the Queene his wife and Pandolfello wherefore being mooued with a iust disdaine hee caused the adulterer to be slaine and depriued the Queene of the gouernement hauing punished her onely with words and reproches The Queene dissembling her discontent against the Earle watched a fit oportunity to be reuenged wherein she wrought so by her practises and intelligences as she not onely recouered her liberty but she put the Earle her husband into prison who beeing afterwards freed by the intercession of Pope Martin retired into France leauing the Queene to liue after her owne appetite Pope Martin who was molested by the faction of Vrsins the chiefe whereof was Braccio Fortebracci hee made a strict league with this Queene by the which she promised to ayde him with three thousand horse Pope Martin euemy to Queene calls in Lewis Duke of Aniou and other things but their friendship was soone dissolued and Pope Martin to annoy Queene Ioane did inuest in the Realme of Naples Lewis Duke of An-ion called the third who was sonne to Lewis the second and of the Infanta D. violant of Arragon and declared Queene Ioane fallen from it and depriued thereof wherefore Lewis began to league himselfe in Italy with many Princes and Potentates namely with the Commonweale of Genoua who were mighty at sea from whom he was ayded to conquer the Realme of Naples with thirteene gallies whereof Baptist Fregoso was Generall These things beeing come to the knowledge of King D. Alphonso who was newly aduanced to the Crowne of Arragon beeing young and desirous of
King of Arragona faâ—â—urer of a new Schisme borne at Teruel whom they called Clement of eight wherevnto Don Alphonso King of Arragon consented beeing in bad termes with Pope Martin at Rome This Clement created Cardinals gaue Benefices and Dispensations and did all acts of a Pope as well as martin and by him the Church of Rome continued diuided In the yeare one thousand foure hundred twenty and fiue 1425. D. Henry sonne to D. Iohn King of Castille was borne at Vailledolit who succeeded him in the Realmes Hee was baptized by Don Aluaro of Osorno Bishop of Cuenca Birth of the Infant Don Henry of Castile and God-fathers were Aluar de Luna the Constable and Don Alphonso Henriques Admirall of Castile and the Godmothers Donna Eluira Porto-carrero the Constables wife and Donna Ioane of Mendoça the Admirals and within few moneths after this Infant was sworne Prince and heire of the realmes in that Towne in the Monaflerie of Saint Pablo the Infant Don Iohn of Arragon as Lord of Lara being the first that swore him fealtie and future homage The offences betwixt the Kings of Castile and Arragon were such Nauarre as they attended nothing but open warre not onely in these towo realmes but also in Nauarre the successor thereof Don Iohn being much bound to either countrie wherefore the King Don Charles vsed all meanes possible to reconcile them Notwithstanding the King Don Alphonso sent a letter open by a Secretarie of his to the Infant D. Iohn his brother to come into Arragon to assist at a Parlament which hee had called vpon paine to bee declared a rebell Don Iohn not onely obtained leaue to goe to the King his Brother but hee had also full authoritie to make an accord with him When he came to the Court of Arragon at Tarassone hee had newes of the death of the King of Nauarre his father in lawe which happened sodenly at Olite in September beeing buise about his buildings A Prince much lamented both of his subiects and strangers Death of Charles King of Nauarre for his vertues and milde dispositions who besides other remarkable things setled a perpetuall peace in Pampelone the which before his time had beene deuided into three regions or coun-tries called Bourg Peuplement and Nauarriere gouerned by three diuers Iudges with seuerall Iurisdictions Pampâ—lona vniâ—d into one body so as there oftentimes fell out great contentions and mutinies among them the which hee did abolish reducing all the Inhabitants of the Towne vnder one Iustice taking away for euer the factious names of parts and quarters placing one Gouernour or Magistrate ouer them with ten Iâ—rates to assist him Hee was threescore and foure yeeres old when hee dyed and had raigned thirtie nine yeares and nine moneths His body was laide in the Cathedrall Church at Pampelone with Queene Leonora his wife Don Iohn first of that name thirty three King of Nauarre DOn Iohn his sonne in lawe succeeded him in the right of Donna Blanche his wife the Crown of Nauarre passing from the house of France to the house of Castile and Arragon for want of heyres male the which continued not long Hee was about eight and twenty yeares old when hee began to raigne in Nauarre when as King Charles dyed hee was in the campe of King Don Alphonso who being incensed against the King of Castile for his brother Don Henryes imprisonment was gone to Armes and had his forces on the confines of Arragon and Nauarre about Tarassone the which hee caused to enter into Nauarre as soone as the news came of the Kings death After which they vsed this ceremonie Don Iohn Ceremonie in taking poby ssession of the realme of Nauarre who should succede kept his chamber three dayes after which hee went to horse-back accompanied with the King his brother and causing the Standard of Nauarre to be carried before him by a Knight called Nugno Vaca and a Herald to march before with a coate of the armes of Nauarre crying our alowd Nauarre Nauarre for the King Don Iohn and Donna Blanche his wife going often about the field the Trumpets sounding and being followed by many Knights and Gentlemen of Castile and Arragon on foote but there was not one Nauarrois for the Nobilitie of Nauarre had done the like at Olite for the Queene Donna Blanche their naturall Princesse and not without a misterie Whilest that these things past vpon the frontiers the King of Castile hauing made a great assembly at Palence and gathered together much money Castile in the end hee was aduised to free Don Henry out of prison beeing the cause of all this tumult and for the which the King of Arragon had taken Armes The King of Castile would first haue the King of Arragon disarmed which difficulties being debated it was agreed that Don Henry should bee deliuered in the hands of Don Iohn King of Nauarre who should bee answerable vntill that the King of Arragon his brother had laide downe Armes Wherefore Pero Garcia of Herrera Marshall of Castile followed by fiue hundred men at Armes Don Henry brother to the Kings of Arragon and Nauarre deliuered came to the Castle of Mora whereas the infant Don Henry was deliuered vnto him hee Swearing to conduct him and deliuer him into the hands of Don Iohn King of Nauarre The two Kings Brethren being come to Saint Vincent of Nauarre hearing that they brought Don Henry they returned and going to meete him the King Don Iohn receiued him at Agreda and then ledde him to Tarassone whereas the King of Arragon embraced him with great content Beeing there Don Lewis de Guzman Maister of Calatraua and Don Iohn of Soto maior Maister of Alcantara sent to offer him their friendship and meanes against them of the Kings Councell and against his Mignions which had beene opposite against him The which the King of Castile did not doubt but sent Fernande of Robles and Doctor Periagnez of his Councell to Cascante a Towne of Nauarre to treate with the King Don Iohn touching his returne into Castile to end that which remained to doe touching Don Henry the which hee yeelded vnto and came to the King of Castile beeing at Roa who entertained him kindly and hauing beene there some dayes together without speaking of any affaires the King of Castile went to Segobia and hee of Nauarre to Medina del Campo Soone after in the beginning of the yeare one thousand foure hundred twenty and six hee came to Toro to the King of Castile where hee gaue him an accompt of that which hee had negotiated with the King of Arragon his Brother wherewith the King seemed to bee very well satisfied The Estates were held there by the which the King was let vnderstand of the superfluous charge of a thousand Lances which hee led for his garde Estates at Toro and their remonstrances the which cost eight Millions of Marauidis wherevpon they were reduced to a hundred vnder the
Constables charge who was in such authoritie and fauour as euery man feared him penly or hated him secretly The Estates requiring also that the Kings excessiue gifts should bee cut off it was ordained that all that had or should be giuen by the King before the age of twenty fiue yeares should bee reputed voide Many other good decrees were made but they lasted little The King of Nauarre staied in Castile where he had great possessions and was much fauoured yea for his sake many Noblemen Castillans were aduanced to Offices in the Kings house as Ruy Dias of Mendoça was made Lord Steward and Ihon Aluaro of Gadillo Standard-bearer As for himselfe hee was wholy gouerned by Diego Gomes of Sandoual whom he made Earle of Castro Xeris a place which was of his patrimonie There were three Leagues beginning in Court one for the king of Nauarre the second for Henry his brother and the third for the Constable Don Aluar de Luna who increased dayly in authoritie The king spent the rest of that yeare one thousand foure hundred twenty and sixe at Fuente del Sauco at Vailledolit at Zamora where he caused some pettie mutiniers and rebels to bee punished by Iustice whilest that great men which troubled the realme liued in all assurance In the beginning of the yeare one thousand foure hundred twenty and seauen the Infant Don Henry and his wife Donna Catherina came from Valencia to Ocagne where the hatred burst forth betwixt the King of Nauarre and the Constable Don Aluar de Luna being much fauoured and highly supported by the fauor of the King who desired also to entertaine the King of Nauarre Don Henry aduancing towards the Court came to Vailledolit accompanied by the Maisters of Calatraua and Alcantara and others of the faction opposite to the Constable it auailing nothing that the King who was at Simanca did write vnto him and commanded him by many messages that he should not come to Court but returne to Ocagne The two Brethren entring into Vailledolit Leaguâ— against the Constable Aluâ—â— de Luna being confederate with Don Pedro of Velasco who was Earle of Haro and Lord Chamberlaine to the King Don Iâ—igo Lopes of Mendoça Lord of Hita and Buitrago who afterwards was the first Marquis of Sentillana Don Fernand Aluares of Toledo Lord of the Vallee of Corneia who afterwards was the first Earle of Alba and his Vncle Don Guttiere Gomes of Tolledo Bishop of Palence the Maisters of Calatraua and Alcantara with other noble men of Castille sent to beseech the King that for some good respects he would command the Constable to retire from Court for that the absolute power which he did vsurpe In the gouernment of affaires was the cause of many inconueniences The King would haue it put to Compromise and that the King of Nauarre on the one side and Don Aluar on the other should deliuer their reasons before Arbitrators of which aduice Francisco of Soria a Franciscan Friar was the Author The Iudges named for the confederates were don Lewis of Guzman Maister of the Calatraua and the Gouernour Don Pedro Manrique and for the Constable Don Alphonso Henriques high Admirall of Castille D. Aluar de Luna 〈…〉 from Court and Fernand Alphonso of Robles of the Kings Councell and his chiefe Treasurer and for an Vmper the Abbot of Saint Benets in Vailledolit All which gaue sentence that Don Aluaro de Luna the Constable should absent himselfe from Court for the space of eighteene moneths next ensuing and not come within fifteene Leagues of it and so should they doe whom hee had put into the Kings Chamber The Constable yeelding to this sentence hee retired himselfe to his house at Aillon and the King of Nauarre with his brother Don Henrie came to Cigales where the King was of whom they tooke their leaues with reasonable good shewes of loue yet Don Henry had a better countenance of him then the King of Nauarre to whom they imputed the whole cause of the Constables dismission which made the King the more desirous to see him againe And for that Fernando Alphonso de Robles one of the Kings Counsell had beene one of the principall Instruments of all these alterations hee was shut vp in the Castle of Segobia After all this they treated of Don Henries affaires and of his confederates The accord which the King made there with Don Henry Accord made by the King with Don Henry besides the restitution of his goods and the dignitie of the maistership of Saint Iames was that for the Marquisate of Villena hee should enioy Trugillo and Alcaras with their appurtenances and other lands in the country of Guadalajara Moreouer they gaue him two hundred thousand Florens of gold in ready money and a Million and two hundred thousand small Marauidis of yeerely pension during his life To the King of Nauarre for his charges during the troubles hee gaue a hundred thousand Florins to bee payde by a certaine time There was then present Inigo Ortiz of Estuniga Marshall of Nauarre who had married Donna Ioane base Sister to the Queene Donna Blanche The King discharged and sent home to their houses a great number of vnnecessarie men which followed the court without cause who were but a burthen to him and the country and to take away all occasion of distrust and new troubles hee granted a generall pardon to all men of what Estate quality or condition soeuer they were that had medled with the precedent troubles D. Ruy Lopes of Analos restored to his honor and good name but not to his goods Hee restored Don Ruy Lopes of Aualos the Constable beeing accused to haue had Intelligence with the Moores by letters produced to the Kings Councell to his honour and fame but hee neither restored him to his Office nor goods Amidest these treaties the Constable Aluaro de Luna was called backe againe to the court his verie enemies consenting therevnto yea the King of Nauarre and his brother Don Henry who grew after so iealous one of an other who should bee in the Constables fauour as they entred into factions wherefore the King of Castile imploying therein the Queene of Nauar and the Estates also of Nauarre they perswaded their King to returne into his realme D. Henry went in pilgrimage to Saint Iames and then was sent to the Moores frontier who began to raise some tumults as we will hereafter shew The King of Castile being at Vailledolit D. Leonora Infanta of Arragon sister to the King of Nauarre past thereby going into Portugal to be married to prince Edward the heire of that Realme to whom the King her cousin gaue the best reception he could honouring her with rich presents money and men to accompany her Soone after the King being at Arando of Duero her receiued D. Pedro Infant of Portugal and Duke of Coimbra very gratiously being also his cousin germaine for D. Philippe mother to D. Pedro and Donna Constance mother
other side the Kings of Arragon and Nauarre entred into Castile with two thousand fiue hundred men at armes and some few foote whose entry the constable could not stop with whom Don Henry ioyned with two hundred and twenty horse againt the promises made They ranne neere vnto Cogollado and beeing come to Xadraque the Constable following them they presented him battails the which he would not accept for Peter Cardinal of Foix sonne to Archambaud and Mary Queene of Arragon sister to the King of Castile came by great iourneies out of Arragon and put themselues betwixtthem making an entrance to an accord which was that the two Kings should returne into their realmes and that the constable and other noblemen of the King of Castiles army should intreat him to restore vnto the King of Nauarre and to the Infant D. Henry their lands for as soone as the army of Arragon and Nauarre had entred into Castile the King did caused all that the house ofArragon did hold in Castile to bee seized on By this meanes the armies parted and the two brethren Kings came to Huerta and Haria in Arragon and the Infant D. Henry to Ocagne but the indignation of D. Iohn King of Castile was so greta as he did not regard that which had beene capitulated but sent to all his subiects that they should hold the Arragonois and Nauarrois for enemies and make vioent warre against them and comming himselfe in person to the campe at Piquera hee resolued to goe and charge his enemies in their fort at Hariza Queene mary and the Cardinall Foix returned againe to the King of Castile propounding many meanes of peace but all in vaine wherevpon they returned very much discontented D. Frederic of Castile Earle of Arjone was aprehended in the army vpon suspition that he fauored the Arragonois war being proclaimed throughout al Castile the inhabitants of the country of Biscay Guipuscoa Alaua and Rioja entred sodainely into Nauarre where they committed infinit spoiles Thus an innocent Realme suffred for a nocent King whom they had earnestly intreated to entertaine peace with Castile The King of Castiles army being strong and ready to enter into Arragon hee sent word to D. Alphonso King of Arragon that he would spare his country if hee would forsake the king of Nauarre the which he refused wherevpon the constable of Castile beeing followed by fiue hundred horse marcht to Monreal tooke it spoiled Cetiua and finding no resistance Army of the King of Castile returned to the army which consisted of 7000. men at armes 3600. genets or light horse and 60000. foot with the which King Iohn entred into Arragon where he tooke and burnt the towne of Hariza but hee attempted not the castle which was very strong this was all the exploit was done with that mighty army for the two brethren Kings on t presenting themselues to battaile and victuals fayling for so great an army he was forced to retire into Castile towards Medina Celi from whence he sent for the gard of the frontier D. Pedro of Velasco his Lord Chamberlain with 600. launces to lie with them in Alfaro Calaorra or Logrogno against whom the King of Nauarre did fortefie Tudele Viana and La Garde In the meane time D. Henry and D. Pedro brethren to the kings ouerran the country of Estremadura hauing to incounter them Don Roderigo Alonso Pimentel Earle of Benauent who finding himselfe weake had the Constable sent to him with sufficient forces The king being returned to Pegnafiel wrought so as the captaine of the castle yeelded it vnto him fearing to be put in the ranke of rebells and traitors to their Prince The king of Arragon slept not but imploying his forces his enemy being farre of hee tooke in Castile Exploits of the King of Arragon in the country of Soria Deca and the castles of Ciria Boronia and Bozmediano carrying away an infinite number of prisoners aboue forty thousand charges of corne and great store of cattle and other spoiles The king of Castile was much mooued with these newes and gaue all the lands which the king of Nauarre his soone D. Charles the Queene Donna Blanche and the Infant D. Henry held in Castile to D. Henry his sonne Prince of the Asturia's and he sent D. Pedro of Velasco to make most violent warres in Nauarre and being resolued to enter himselfe in person the next yeere with a great army he called the Estates to Burgos to haue money demaunding a hundred millions of Marauidis to entertaine it sixe monthes and for that their was some difficulty to draw together so great a summe he borrowed of rich men and of churches all their plate and siluer vessel and sent it to bee coined at Seuile During the assembly at Burgos there came Ambassadors from the kings of Nauarre and Arragon which were Peter of Peralta the Abbot of Ronceuaux Doctor Iohn of Lezana D. Iohn of Luna and Berenguel of Bardaxi to treat of a peace to whom answere was made that the king of Castile would send Ambassadors expresly to giue them a conuenient answere and to them of Nauarre shewing particularly in the name of Queene Blanch and of her sonne D. Charles that they had not done any thing for the which they should seize their rents and pensions yea the Queenes dowry who had neuer consented to these quarrels the like answere was made The Ambassadors of Castile were D. Sancho of Rojas Bishop of Astorga Pero Lope of Ayala Marshall of the kings body and D. Fernando Gonçales of Auila of the Kings councell Who being come into Nauarre made great complaints of D. Iohn King of Nauarre accusing him of great faults wherein they did also comprehend the Queene saying that she was a confederate in the warre seeing that she had sold her iewels to furnish her husband with money and made other demonstrations of an enemy From Nauarre they past into Arragon where they gaue as little hope of peace wherefore King D. Alphonso sent Ambassadors to Rome to Pope Martin to complaine of the King of Castile who refused all honest meanes of an accord The Constable being come into Extremadura he made the Infants D. Henry and D. Pedro retire towards Albuquerque vpon the frontier of Portugal whether they sent great store of cattle hoping they should serue to victual them for the which the King of Portugal was glad to excuse himselfe to the King of Castile who complained The Constable tooke Trugillo and hauing seized also of the castle by the meanes of one of the captaines of the garrison he deliuered it into the Kings hands hee attempted Montanches and hauing taken D. Roderigo Alphonso Pimentel Earle of Benauent with him he came and camped before Albuquerque an impregnable for t but hee desired to draw the Infants to fight Knight to Knight but they would not vouchsafe to accept it wherefore he retired his army towards Pierrebonne from whence hauing aduertsed the King of the Estate of his affaires
he came presently to the campe and then the castle of Montarches yeelded by intelligence which the constable had with the captaine The Prouinces and townes of Castile did furnish the King with fiue and forty millions of Marauidies for the warre and there was an Ambassage sent to Rome to Pope Martin to free the King of Castile of the imputations which were saied vpon him by him of Arragon The King of Nauarre making shew to enter into Castile by Briones D. Pedro of Velasco went to field with all the troupes he could gather together hauing drawne out of Biscay three thousand men led by Iohn of Abendagno Ordogno Garcia Arrega Gonçalo Gomes of Butron and his sonne Gomes Gonçalo of Muxica Biscains deseated by them whom they had vanquished for want of discipline Lord of the house of Muxica and finding no man to make head against him hee went to beseege the towne of Saint Vincent the which was taken by assault but whilest the Biscains were busie at the pillage not caring to keepe any order nor martiall discipline entring confusedly into the houses without any gards vpon the approches being entred into the houses the Inhabitants who were armed and retired into the castles seeing this confused multitude in their towne they brake out vpon them and incountring Gomes Gonçales in the street with a small company they tooke him hauing slain most of his souldiers whose father Gonçalo Gomes of Butron running to succour him beeing as ill accompanied as his sonne was slaine with some of his men and could not be releeued D. Pedro of Velasco seeing that the castle could not be forced with a long and painefull seege he set fire on the suburbes and of some houses in the towne and then returned to Haro carrying with him many of his Knights and good souldiers wounded Towne of Saint Vincent obtaines new preuiledges The towne of Saint Vincent for the losse it sustained then and for the good seruice it did in the warre betwixt Nauarre and Castile obtayned many priuiledges and freedomes for the inhabitants thereof He among the Nauarrois which did most harme to the Castillans was a Knight called Sancho of Londogno the kings Marshall issued from the house of Londogno neere to Ordugna a member of Biscay he running one day into Rioja was surprized by the ambushes which Diego Peres Sarmiento captaine of Bastide had layed for him who carried him prisoner to that fort but this losse was soone recompenced by Ruy Dias of Mendoça the bald borne at Seuile and yet he did serue the king of Nauarre faithfully and was gone foorth of Tudele with foure hundred hoâ—se and fiue hundred foot ouer-running the countrie of Agreda against whom D. Inigo Lope of Mendoça Lord of Hita and Buitrago who kept a garrison there for the king of Castile sallying foorth and comming to fight in the field of Arauiana he was there vanquished with the death and imprisonment of many Castillans At that time the Infanta D. Izabella of Portugall daughter to the king D. Iohn was married to Philip Duke of Bourgondie Earle of Flanders and Lord of many other Seigneuries who had two wiues without any children Of this mariage was born Charles whose daughter and onely heire was afterwards married to Maximilian of Austria The very day that this marriage betwixt D. Philip and the Infanta Izabella was celebrated with great pompe at Bruges Institution of the Order of the golden fleece the Order of Bourgondie of the golden fleece was instituted by him the tenth yeare after his comming to it vppon a vow which he had made to go and make warre against the Infidels of Syria and to conquer the countrie of Iurie but his great affaires made his vow fruitlesse His Order had for head and patron I know not by what diuinity S. Andrew and the solemnitie of the Order was to be celebrated euery yeare three dayes together whose knights should be the first day attired in red in signe that heauen is purchased by the effusion of bloud and by Martyrdome Ceremonie of the order of the Fleece the second day in blacke representing mourning for the dead and the third in white in honour of the purity of the Virgin Mary and they should carry for a marke of their knight-hood a chaine made in fashion of fuzils with a rams skin fleece hanging at it a deuise taken not from the Pagan Iason but from the faithfull Gedeon as some say The first knights of this Order were foure and twenty in number of the Noblest and most renouned of his Estates of Burgondy Flanders and the Netherlands wherewith since many Princes and great Noblemen of Spaine and other places haue held themselues much honoured This was that Duke Philip who to reuenge the death of his father Iohn murthered at Montreaufaut-Yoone by the Dauphin Charles drew the English into France to the ruine of his naturall country as you may read at large in the History of France The yeere 1430. being come 1430. D. Iohn King of Castile prepared to make warre against the King of Nauarre against whom he had the greatest spleene and forgetting no kinde of rigour he resolued to depriue him and his of all the lands which they held in Castile without euer hoping to re-enter into them and therefore he gaue to D. Guttiere of Toledo Bishop of Palence King of Nauarres lands in Castile confisked and giuen away and afterwards Archbishop of Toledo the towne of Alua de Tormes to D. Pedro Manrique Gouernor of Leon the towne of Paredes de Naua to D. Roderigo Alphonso Pimentel Earle of Benauent Majorga to the Marshall Inigo Ortiz of Estuniga Cerezo he would haue giuen to Fernand Diaz of Toledo fiue hundred vassals in the lands which did belong to D. Iohn King of Nauarre but hee refused them He gaue to D. Frederic of Arragon Earle of Luna base sonne to Martin King of Sicile Villalon and Cuellar to Queene Mary his wife Olmedo and other places to other Knights The king being come to field before the fort of Albuquerque hee caused the Infants D. Henry and D. Pedro to bee sommoned to yeeld him the place promising that the Infants should be herd in Iustice and that all the rest should haue a generall pardon giuing the Infants thirty daies time to resolue and the rest forty but their answers were arrowes and bullets with great daunger to the Kings person who being in a great rage at their obstinacy he caused D. Henries processe to be made and gaue the administration of the maister-ship of Saint Iames to the constable diuiding his lands to diuerse Knights very prodigally as hee had done the King of Nauarres In the meane time D. Diego of Estuniga or Suniga Bishop of Calaorra and Calçada and his vncle D. Pedro of Estuniga Earle of Ledesma Iustice Major of Castile and an other D. Diego of Estuniga his counsin wiht the forces of the frontier tooke the towne of La Garde in
the yere he caused both gold and siluer to be coyned of a good Standard His residence at his first comming to the crowne was at Belin there his brother the Infant D. Pedro the Traueller duke of Coimbra came and kist his hands and sware vnto him fealty and homage The first yeare of his raigne and the second of the age of his sonne Don Alphonso hee caused him to be sworne the lawfull heire of the Crowne by the assembled at Sintra and would haue him called Prince Title of Prince first vsurped by the eldest sonne 〈◊〉 Portugall a title first vsurped by him in Portugall following the example of the eldest of other Christian kings his neighbors in Spaine After this solemnitie he caused the bodie of the king his father to be transported whose obsequies were the most royall and stately that euer were made for any king of Portugall For two moneths space that he lay in the cathedrall Church there were thirtie Masses sayd euery day and an aniuersarie once a weeke the bodie beeing accompanied and watched euery night by a great number of clerkes and religious men Stately funerals of King Iohn of Portugal singing diuers suffrages for the soule of the deceased The bodie beeing to be transported it was layed vpon an high bed garnished with many banners and trophees and it was watched in the night by the Infant Don Pedro beeing accompanied by a great number of gentlemen Don Fernand Arch-bishop of Braga the kings nephew doing the seruice who the next day sung Masse in his pontificall habit with great state ceremonie after which and the Sermon made by Friar Giles Lobo the kings Confessor the bodie was layed vpon a chariot and conducted by the new street where there was another Sermon made a third in S. Domingo after which it was accompanied with a great procession out of the towne and conducted by the king and the Princes to the Monasterie of S. Denis of Oduiella distant a league and an halfe from Lisbon where it rested that night where as the Infant Don Henry Master of the Order of Christ with his commanders watched from thence it was carried to Villafranca where they made another pause the Infant Don Iohn Master of Saint Iames with his Commanders watching that night Passing on the next day with the like pompe they came to Arcoentre where it rested againe and the bodie was watched by the Infant D. Fernand Master of Auiz with his commanders Continuing the next day they came to Alcouaça where they made the fourth pause and there watched D. Alphonso Earle of Barcellos brother to the Infants aboue-named accompanied by his two sonnes Don Diego Earle of Oren and Marquis of Valencia and Don Fernand Earle of Arroyolos and Marquis of Villavitiosa in all which places there was Euensong and vigils sayd at night when it arriued and in the morning before it parted Masse being sung pontifically by the abbot of Alcouaça and the Bishops of Ebora and la Garde in all places in the end they came to the Hermitage of Saint George in the place of battel with the like procession pompe and ceremonie as they came out of Lisbone The Hermite came foorth to meet it and did accompanie it to the royall Monasterie of the battell where it was receiued and layd in a royall sepulchre with great and sollemne Masses and other ceremonies Modesty of the Infant D. Pedro and his â—â—her vertues and very rich offerings where as aboue all others the pietie and filiall duty of the Infant D. Pedro was remarkable in which good and kind offices hee continued towards king Edward his brother in the gouernement of the affaires of the realm committed vnto him This Prince is much commended by the Portugals for his modestie affirming that he would neuer suffer any one to kisse his hand nor to speake to him kneeling nor to vse any other tearmes of submission accustomed to great men Hee loued learning and learned men greatly and himselfe did write some Treaties of the gouernement of Princes and made some traductions out of the Latine tongue into the vulgar Portugal not without learning and iudgement He had a particular deuotion to Michael the arch-angell as he was instructed by the Diuines of that age wherefore he carried a ballance for his deuice and was a great builder of Temples and holy places He caused Saint Michael of Penela and Auero to be built and in the same towne he was the founder of the Monasterie of Piety of the preaching Friars and of the church of Tentuble and of the hospitall of Saint Eloy he made a collegiall Monasterie as it is at this present Besides which buildings hee caused the Estates to be built in the city of Lisbon to lodge Courtiers to ease the inhabitants of that troublesome and many times preiudiciall subiection This Prince was husband to Donna Izabella of Arragon daughter to Don Iames Earle of Vrgel and of D. Izabella Infanta of Arragon daughter to Don Pedro the fourth of that name Of D. Iames I say who thinking to raigne in Arragon after the decease of D. Martin rebelled against the determination of the arbitrators who had chosen Don Fernand of Castile for King the which cost him his libertie and estates goods and dignities whereof being depriued he dyed a prisoner The Infant Don Pedro had by this Ladie Donna Izabella Don Pedro who was third Constable of Portugall who in the warres which the Cattelans had against Don Iohn king of Nauarre heire to his brother Don Alphonso King of Arragon he was chosen King of Arragon and dyed in that warre with that title Moreouer he had Don Iohn future king of Cypres husband to Donna Izabella whome Don Alphonso the fifth of that name her cousin germaine married a princesse hauing her deuotion and hope directed to Saint Iohn the Euangelist in whose honor shee caused the Monasterie at Lisbon to be built dedicated to him on the toppe of Euxobregas With these two sonnes he had D. Philippe who liued a religious woman in the Monasterie of Odiuelas and was so giuen to studie as she translated into the Portugal tongue a worke of Laurence Iustinians Patriarke of Venice and of Aquilea founder of the Order of S. George of Alaga moreouer Don Iames and Donna Beatrix who were retired after their fathers decease by Donna Izabella Dutchesse of Bourgondie their aunt Don Iames was aduanced to spirituall liuings afterwards made a Cardinall and Arch-bishop of Lisbone and Donna Beatrix was married to the Lord of Rauestein nephew to the Duke of Bourgondie Cardinall dyes a virgin This Cardinall dyed a Virgin as they say at Florence where he was buried in the time of Pius the second In the beginning of the yeare 1431. there had beene a generall councell called Councel of Basil the which was continued by Pope Eugenius Successor to Martin the fifth in the cittie of Basill this yeare 1433. but afterwards the fathers were diuided and the Pope
himselfe finding the councell not plyable to his affections transferred it to Ferrara and from thence to Horence In this councell of Basill the Fathers beeing assembled they were spectaters of a combate betwixt a gentleman of a Portugal race but borne in Castile called Iohn de Merle and Henry of Rauestan a knight of Bourgondie who fought on foot and the Bourgondian was vanquished The same de Merle had a little before fought a combate on horsebacke with the like happinesse in the cittie of Arras against Peter of Brecemont Lord of Charny in the presence of D. Philip. King Edward hauing finished his fathers funerals and all solemnities oaths reception of fealtie and homage and other accustomed duties at the first comming of Kings hee assembled the Estates of his Realme at S. Iren An. 1434. in the yeare 1434. to consult concerning the gouernement thereof from thence there was an ambassador sent to the councell of Basill which was D. Diego Earle of Oren beeing accompanied with many learned men and Prelates of Portugal and then the warre against the Moores was propounded after the example of Kings his Predecessors It was also held conuenient to continue that which King Iohn had begun in Affricke for the execution whereof he obtained a Croisado from the apostolike Sea of Rome by the meanes of the Earle of Oren who brought the Bull into Portugall The King of Castile also sent many of his Prelates and Diuines to the Councell Castile during the which Don Alphonso Carillo Bishop of Siguença and Cardinall dyed whose Bishoppricke was giuen to his Nephew carrying the same name who in time came to be Archbishop of Toledo The ambassadors for the king of Castile at this councell were D. Aluaro of Osorno Bishop of Cuenca D. Iohn de Sylua Lord of Cyfuentes Standard-bearer to the king and Doctor Alphonso of Carthagena Deane of S. Iames and Segobia sonne to D. Pablo Bishop of Burgos which Bishoppricke Don Alphonso obtayned in his life time Controuersie betwixt England and Castile for precedencie he being preferred to be Patriarke of Aquilea There falling out a great question in the councell betwixt the ambassadors of England and Castile for the precedence this Doctor Don Alphonso of Carthagena did so well defend the preheminence of the crowne of Castile and gaue such pertinent reasons for the dignity and prerogatiue therof as the fathers gaue the precedence to the ambassador of Castile wherein the Doctor was held to haue done great seruice to his countrie of Spaine whereof he himselfe hath made a treatise notwithstanding Raphael Volaterran in his third booke and last chapter sayth That in the time of D. Fernand the 5. this cause was pleaded againe at Rome and ended in fauor of the king of England who had giuen sentence by prouision without any great examination of the cause Returning to the politicke affaires of Castile the King D. Iohn being aduertised that Don Fredrick of Arragon D. Frederick of Arragon Earle of Luna a prisoner in Castile Earle of Luna would haue seized vppon the citty of Seuile he caused him to be apprehended at Medina del campo and to be carried to the Castle of Braçuelos which is neere vnto Olmedo where he ended his dayes and many of his confederates were put to death who for that cause were brought to Medina del campo The warre begun in Granado continued with variable successe for after the taking of Benamaruel by Don Diego of Ribera Lord of Val de Corneja Gouernor of the fronter of Andalusia attempting the towne of Alora hee had beene slaine by the Inhabitants and them that defended it after whose death the King gaue the gouernement to D. Pedro Alfan his sonne a young man but fifteene yeares old Don Roderigo Manriques somwhat to ease this losse tooke the towne of Huescar by scalado and the castle afterwards by â—ight for the recouerie of which place there were enterprises and incounters betwixt the Christians and the Moores all that yeare 1434. in the which dyed D. Iohn of Contreras Arch-bishop of Toledo and Primat of Spaine and to him succeeded D. Iohn of Crezuela brother by the mothers side to the Constable D. Aluaro de Luna About that time the king of Castile gaue vnto the Earle of Armagnac who had alwaies shewed himself his great friend and partizan in the wars against Nauar the towns of Cangas and Tinco with the title of an Earle and there arriued at Madrid ambassadors from Charles the 7. the French king to renew the league betwixt France and Castile to whom the king gaue audience in great state and sitting on a high throne he gaue them a good and friendly answer who after much feasting were sent home well satisfied there they did see a tame lyon lying at the kings feet a thing which is not ordinarie The same yeare dyed D. Henry of Villena Death of Don Henry of Villena the kings vncle son to D. Pedro and nephew or grand-child to D. Alphonso of Arragon who had beene Marquis of Villena and first Constable of Castile a Prince abusing learning wherein he had beene bred giuing himselfe to infamous Magicke arts whereof he had written many treatises the which by the kings commandement and by the censure of Friar Lopes of Barientos then Schoole-master to D. Henry Prince of the Asturia's were for the most part burnt The king beeing in pilgrimage at Guadalupe Defeate of the Master of Alcantara by the Moores D. Guttiere of Soto maior the new Master of Alcantara being entred into the Moores countrie with 800. horse and 400. foot was surprized and compassed in by the Moors in a streight passage so as there hardly escaped an hundred of his whole troupe This crosse shold haue admonished him of the bad office he had done his vncle and the Infant D. Pedro the which although they would couer with a colour of the kings seruice yet was it a plotted treason D. Fernand Aluares of Toledo Lord of Val de Corneja had bin also in danger if he had not speedily retired from Huelma which hee sought to force hauing failed to take it by scalado for a great number of Moores marched to fight with him and hee had not sufficient forces to resist them Hauing retyred with his men to Taen he entred by Guadix scoured the country and was sharply incountred by the Moores who notwithstanding were vanquished D. Fernand Aluares spoiling two leagues round about Guadix The truce betwixt Castile Nauarre and Arragon beeing expired in the yeare 1435. there came ambassadors to the court of Castile Arragon from the Queenes of Arragon and Nauar to beseech the king for a propagation of the truce in the absence of their husbands which the king granted them for some moneths the which was the sooner obtained by their sending of D. Iohn de Luna the Constables cousin who gouerned the king his Master These two kings breethren were gone into Italy to poursue the realme of Naples where
Hercules Whilest that these things past in Spaine in the yeare 1436. Nauarre 1436. the Kings of Arragon and Nauarre were deepely ingaged in the warre of Naples whither the Dutchesse Izabell of Lorraine wife to Rene of Anjou a prisoner was come and with the helpe of Pope Eugenius defended her husbands right couragiously The two breethren kings beeing aduertised of the affaires of Spaine by their friends and seruants they resolued to send a ioynt ambassage to the king of Castile to treat a peace with him vppon some good conditions The ambassadors found the Court at Toledo where hauing deliuered their charge vnto the king it pleased God that after many conferences and debates a peace was concluded vpon a promise of marriage betwixt D. Blanche Infanta of Nauarre and Don Henry of Castile Prince of the Asturia's with these conditions That the solemnization of this marriage should bee accomplished within the limite of a certaine time betwixt Henry heire of the Realmes of Castile and Donna Blanche eldest daughter to D. Iohn king of Nauarre Conditions of peace betwixt Castile Nauar and Arâ—agon to whom should be assigned the Marquisat of Villena the townes of Medina del campo Olmedo Coca Roa and Aranda the reuenues of which lands D. Iohn King of Nauarre should receiue the foure next following yeares That if there were no children borne of this marriage the king of Nauarre should haue ten thousand florins of gold of yearely rent assigned vpon the reuenues of Castile That to D. Blanche Queene of Nauarre and to her sonne D. Charles should in like manner be giuen an assignation of ten thousand florens of gold yearely during their liues That all knights should be pardoned which during the warres and fore-passed quarrels had followed either partie and they restored to their goods and dignities except on the part of Castile D. Iohn of Soto-major who had beene Master of Alcantara and the Earle of Castro Xeris and on the behalfe of Nauar D. Godfrey of Nauar Earle of Cortes Item that to the Infant D. Henry brother to the kings of Arragon and Nauar should be assigned 5000. florens of gold of yearely hereditarie rent and to the Infanta D. Catherina his wife should be giuen 50000. florens of gold in ready mony for her dowrie These articles beeing accorded a peace was proclaimed in the Realmes of Castile Arragon and Nauar and D. Pedro of Acugna son to Lopes Basques of Acugna Lord of Buendia was sent to Azagna with sufficient authority to make the first promise in the name of Prince Henry and it was concluded the sollemne betrothing should be at Alfaro whether came at the time assigned the Prince D. Henry accompanied by D. Aluaro de Luna constable of Castile and many other Noblemen Knights and Prelates who arriuing two dayes before the Infanta being aduertised that she was at Corella he went to meete her with all his traine The Queen of Nauarre mother to the Infanta Prince Charles her brother the Bishop of Pampelone with many other Prelates Peter of Peralta Lord Steward of the kings house Leon of Garro and other knights many Ladies and Gentlewomen of Nauarre attended her all in equipage worthy of such a solemnitie the which was celebrated in Alfaro in the yeare 1437. D. Pedro of Castile Bishop of Osma stipulating and receiuing the promises either of them being but 12. yeares old The Prince D. Henry gaue many goodly and rich Iewels to the Infanta and vsed the like bountie to the Ladies and Knights of her traine Then hauing spent foure dayes at Alfaro in great feasting and ioy the parties separated themselues euery one retiring into his country By this peace there was also restored vnto the king of Nauar the town castle of la Garde and the castles of Asaturuguen and Burandon and towards Guipuscoa there were yeelded the castles and places of Gorriti Cobono Toro Araciel and Saragana which the Guipuscoans had taken during the wars Moreouer the towne of Briones was yeelded to the king of Nauar touching the Seigneurie and the reuenue but the Soueraignty remayned to the king of Castile This peace was promised and sworne vpon a penalty of 300000. florens of gold payable by him that should breake it and it was confirmed by the chiefe officers of either realme both clergy and secular and by the deputies of the chiefe townes For Nauar there signed D. Martin of Peralta bishop of Pampelona the archb of Tyre the Queens confessor the Prior of S. Iohn the Deane of Tudele clergy-men D. Lewis of Beaumont Tristan Lord of Luçe Peter of Peralta Lord Steward Philip Marshall of Nauar Vicont of Ro with other knights moreouer the deputies of the cities of Pampelona Estella and Tudela and of the towns of Sanguesse Olite Arcos Biane S. Vincent and others For Castile besides the great officers of court there did sweare all the Noblemen of the fronter of Guipuscoa Rioja and others yea they of the families of Lazcano Berastequi and Amezqueta and these accords were written by Bartholomew of Renes Secretarie to D. Iohn King of Nauar and of Queen Blanche his wife and by Alphonso Peres of Biuera high Treasurer and Secretary to the king of Castile This ioy was crost according to the custom of humane things with great griefe in the court of Castile Imprisonment of D. Pedro Manrique the king hauing caused D. Pedro Manrique Gouernour of Leon to bee committed to prison where at euery man did shew himselfe discontented so as the king caused 2000. lances to come for his gard which remayned continually about the court He sent the prisoner to the castle of Fuente Duegna commanding that hee should haue the liberty of the prison that somtimes they should suffer him to go on hunting which liberty was procured by the Admirall of Castile who was discontented for his detention This yeare which was 1438. there were brought vnto the King stones 1438. which they said Stones fallen from heauen very light were fallen from heauen in great abondance at Maderuelo a house belonging to the Constable very light the which although they were reasonably big yet were they so light as they did not hurt any one they fell vpon a strange thing and which was held prodigious The Articles of the peace being brought into Italy were allowed and confirmed by King Don Alphonso in the presence of Doctor Ferdinand Lopes of Burgos one of the Kings Councell The warre of Granado was managed with variable successe Granado many Knights among the Moores disliking the gouernment of King Mahumet reuolted taking the party of Castile of the which one Aben Amar was Captaine who soone after went with his men to the King of Tunes with leaue from the King of Castile hauing receiued both pay and presents from him and moreouer 6000. pounds starling for the charge of their voyage Don â—nigo Lopes of Mendoça Gouernor of the Fronter Lord of Hyta and Buyttago who was afterwards
whereof were the Admirall Don Frederic Don Pedro Manriques Gouernor of Leon Don Iohn Ramir of Ariellan Lord of Los Cameros Don Pedro of Quingnones Merin Maior of the Asturia's Don Diego of Estuniga sonne to the Earle of Ledesma Don Roderigo of Castagneda Lord of Fuente Duegna and Don Pedro Mendoça Lord of Almacan who drew many others vnto their league namely the Earle of Ledesma who had his lands fronting vpon Eccia The King called soldiars from all parts to suppresse this tumult among the rest hee was speedily serued by the Nobility of Andalusia to whom the confederates did write very dutifull and respectiue letters intreating him to cause the Constable to dislodge from Court before that hee grew so powerfull as hee might be preiudiciall both to him and his realme There was in truth some reason to suppresse the boldnesse and greatnesse of this man who was insolent couetous and not very faithfull to his Prince the which was well knowne to the King and to many of his Councell D Aluaro de Luna the Constable insolent couetous and trecherous but hee had them all so tyed vnto him as not any one could attempt against him nor consent willingly to that which should displease him wherefore an answer was made vnto the letter quite contrary to that which the Noblemen of the league demanded with whom there newly ioyned Don Lewis de la Cerde Earle of Medina Celi and Don Pedro of Castile Bishop of Osma who had seazed vpon many places as Don Pedro of Quignones had done of the Citty of Leon so as the whole realme was full of seditions and tumults all in generall imputing the fault vnto the constable partly with reason and partly without The King being at Roa vsed all dilligence to assemble forces to be the stronger writing letters to Toledo and other great townes admonishing them of their duties and to be faithfull vnto him In the meane time the Marshall D. Intgo Ortiz of Estuniga brother to the Earle of Ledesma entred into Vailledolit with fiue hundred men at armes and seized on the towne in the name of the confederate Lords On the other side the King was aduertised that the King of Nauarre and D. Henry his brother were entred into Castile with fiue hundred men at armes and not knowing vpon what pretext considering the accord lately concluded betwixt them he sent vnto them intreating them to ioyne with him and to come to court the King of Nauarre consented and came to the king to Cuellar with sixe horse onely whereat the whole court did much reioyce They came at the instance of the confederate Lords and also incited with a desire to recouer that which they had lost in Castile by meanes of the present troubles in whose company was the Earle of Castro The King of Nauarre beeing seperated from the rest and come vnto the king receiued great honour and good vsage but the Infant D. Henry aduanced not but staied with the troupes the which hee led to Pegnafiel where they opened him the gates the King hauing so commanded and soone after hee had conference with the king of Nauarre his brother at Minquela neere to Cuellar there beeing good correspondency betwixt them although they made no shew of it for the King of Nauarre continued with the King of Castile and hee retired to Vailledolit to the Lords of the League there was much trouble and many enterviewes of Noblemen of either part with great leauies of souldiars to the oppression of the people and yet there was no meanes to make an accord the confederates insisting still that the constable should bee banished from court the which was a hard matter to effect The Admirall and the Infant D. Henry sent to challenge the constable and he accepted the combate but yet they did not fight The King did sollicit D. Henry promising him that if he would bee of his party he would make him maister of Saint Iames and would giue him other things for the which the Infant gaue him thankes letting him vnderstand that whatsoeuer he did was for his seruice In these treaties of pacification the greatest difficulty was in the restitution of lands forfeited Lands of confiscation giuen away â—iâ—der the peace the which had beene distributed to many yea to some of the confederats who would not restore them at the least without recompence Being in these garboiles and out of hope of any accord they had newes that D. Roderigo of Villandrado first Earle of Ribadeo who had some yeeres before serued Charles the seuenth the French King with great reputation and honour was come into Castile bringing with him three thousand souldiars to serue and succor King Iohn his naturall Lord wherefore all treaties of accord ceasing the Kings of Castile and Nauarre went as farre as Pegnafiel to meet him with some troupes to assure him from the surprises of the confederats who sent the Earle of Ledesma with fifteene hundred horse to attend him at a passage This supply and other occasions together with the dilligence of certaine religious men who sought to reconcile these Noblemen made the parties more tractable so as in October 1439. a peace was concluded An. 1439. vpon these conditions That the constable D. Aluaro de Luna should absent himselfe from court for sixe monthes and that the king of Castile should recompence the king of Nauarre and D. Henry his brother for the lands he had taken from them and the processe and proceedings made against them that were in armes disanulled that the townes and sorts held by the confederats should bee restored These things being concluded at Castro Nugno the constable to fullfill the Article which concerned him parted from court leauing most of the kings councell which fauored him discontented The Noblemen dismist their souldiars and the king parted from Castro Nugno to goe vnto Toro In the meane time the Infanta D. Catherina wife to D. Henry died in child-bed There was no peace firmly setled by this accord for the king being possest by a councel made by the constable was held in distrust and the courtiers in continuall iealousie He caused some of them which had followed the confederate Lords to be imprisoned at Salamanca and to take Segobia from Ray Dìaz of Mendoça who held it he gaue it to the Prince of the Asturia's his sonne The King of Nauarre and his brother D. Henry seeing these proceedings they went from Madrigal towards the court but the King sent to forbid them to come there and to the end they should not finde him at Salamanca he dislodged and went to Bonilla de la Serra from whence hee sent to demaund a saufe-conduit of the Noblemen for Don Guttiere Gomes of Toledo Archbishop of Seuile whom hee ment to send to treat with them the which beeing willingly granted the Archbishop came to Madrigal with some of the King councel but they returned without any conclusion wherefore the King of Nauarre and the Infant his
commandement the Admiral and the Earle of Benauent after these light exploits returned to Areualo About that time Don Inigo Lopes of Mendoça one of the Lords of the league hauing surprized the towne of Alcala of Henares Iohn de Carillo Gouernor of Caçorla a Captaine of the Archbishop of Toledos and the Constables faction approched neere vnto the place with fiue hundred horse and one thousand two hundred foote which he laid in ambush in certaine valleys and sent some to runne in view of the towne to draw Don Inigo forth who failed not yet not with such order and strength as he ought wherefore he heâ—d him in in such sort as hauing lost most of his men himselfe being soare hurt hee could hardly recouer Alcala To recompence this losse the Infant Don Henries men did cut some of the Constables troupes in peeces in Grismonda where notwithstanding he lost Laurence d'Aualos his Chamberlaine nephew to the Constable Don Ruy Lopes d'Aualos The Infant hearing this went presently to field marching towards Toledo with sixe hundred horse ouer-running the country of Escalona thinking that the Constable would fight with him but hee stirred not finding himselfe too weake wherevpon hee sent to haue the Archbishop his brother to come and beeing ioyned together they went to charge the Infant at Torrijo who then kept himselfe within his sort and whilest that they spoiled the Country euen vnto the gates of Toledo killing men and carrying away the prey he aduertised the King of Nauarre and the other confederat Lords of his estate who parted presently from Areualo and Ontiueros with one thousand two hundred men at armes and light horse to succour him The King of Castile being much incensed against the confederates resolued to seaze vpon the lands rents and reuenues of the King of Nauarre beginning by Medina del Campo neither did the protestations and threats of the King of Nauarre and his confederates preuaile any thing to whom the King of Castile made no other answer but that they were all in armes contrary to his commandements and carried themselues as rebels Don Alphonso the fift of that name and twelfth King of Portugal DVring these tumults in Castile the realme of Portugal was not without some crosses After the death of King Edwara his sonne Don Alphonso succeeded him at the age of six years Portugal vnder the gouernment of the Queene Donna Leonora according to the Fathers testament but many townes of the realme reiecting the gouernment of a woman especially a stranger they intreated the Infant Don Pedro Duke of Coimbra that as the eldest brother among the Infants of Portugal hee would take vpon him the sole gouernment of the realme Many others more modest who would not altogether breake the will of the deceased King were of opinion that hee should gouerne with the Queene Of the first opinion were the Infants Don Henry Master of Christus and Don Iohn Maister of Saint Ieames Gouernment of a woman cause of contention Don Pedro excusing himselfe of this charge he perswaded Don Iohn to gouerne with the Queene Mother wherewith he should bee well satisfied but Don Iohn answered him freely that it was not for him who was the yongest amongst the brethren to gouerne but that hee Don Pedro and Don Henry should aduise to take the gouernment of the realme vpon them as Princes of Portugal and worthy of such a charge and that they should not suffer a strange woman to rule ouer them being an infamous thing vnworthy of the house of Portugal and preiudiciall to the realme and that they must not regard that which the deceaâ—ed King had ordained if it were found vnreasonable and vniust They that held the party of the widow Queene Donna Leouora were D. Alphonso Earle of Barcellos with his sonnes D. Diego Earle of Oren and Marquis of Valencia and D. Fernand Earle of Arrojolos and Marquis of Villauiciosa and with them the Archbishop of Lisbone whose sister D. Constance the Earle D. Alphonso had taken to his second wife D. Nugno de Goys prior of Saint Iohn and D. Alphonso Lord of Cascais who with many others their adherents who aduised the Queene not to giue ouer the gouernment in the which the King her husband had placed her vpon which quarrell the Estates of the realme were called by the Princes and Noblemen holding the chiefe dignities where by the dilligence of the Infant D. Henry there was this order taken That the Queene mother should be gouernesse of her childrens persons and of their reuenues and patrimonies estates and Offices of the Kings house and that the Infant D. Pedro should haue care of the defence of the realme and of armes and D. Fernand Earle of Arroyolos of matters belonging vnto Iustice This did nothing please the Queene being desirous to command alone wherefore the contention being greater then before they made many new assemblies of the Estates so as the last conclusion was that the Infant D. Pedro should gouerne alone the which was instantly required of all men in generall so as the Queene was wholy dispossest of the authority where of she might haue retained a good part Being thus frustrate with extreame griefe she had recourse to womanish practises complaints and accusations as well to the Noblemen of the Realme as to the Kings of Nauarre and Arragon her brethren and in the end she came sorrowfull and discontented to the King of Castile her cousin and brother in law this yeere 1441. to complaine of the Infant D. Pedro and to craue aide against him She found the king at Gomes Naharra a Borrough of Medina del Campo troubled with the quarrels of the King of Nauarre and other Noblemen against the constable so as she could not obtaine any thing It was at such time when as the King of Nauarre Castille and the confederat Lords were gone into the Realme of Toledo to succor the Infant D. Henry who hearing that the King proceeded against them with rigour repast the mountaines and came towards Medina del Campo and Olmedo townes belonging to the King of Nauarre whereof he of Castile had seized Approching neere to Medina and wasting the time in demaunds and answers they of Olmedo receiued the King of Nauarres men whose army encreasing daily he came to lodge within two bow shootes of Medina into the which the constable the Archbishop of Toledo his brother and D. Iohn of Soto Major Maister of Alcantara entred the night following with 1600. horse so as for many daies there were diuerse skirmishes amongst them in the which many good men were slaine and hurt The Queenes of Castile and Portugall sisters and the Prince D. Henry propounded certaine conditions of peace whereon there was long debate without any frute But whilest they were busie intreating and debating of these Articles the King of Nauarre who had Aluaro of Bracamont and Fernando Rejon Knights well affected to his seruice in Medina delt so with them as one
night the constable and his brother beeing in gard and not caring to goe the round themselues but relying vpon an other they gaue him entry by a place called Our Lady of Antigua The confederats army was then growne to be aboue fiue thousand men at armes and light horse Medina del Campo surprized by the confederat Lords and the Constable almost taken and a great number of foote wherefore the King of Nauarre and the confederate Lords entred furiously into the towne with these forces against the which there was no offer to make defence for the King knowing well that they had no quarrell but to the constable he commanded him his brother the maister of Alcantara and others of his faction to saue themselues by an other port opposite to that where their enemies entred wherein they shewed themselues nothing obstinate These being gon the King retired himselfe to the place of Saint Antolin without any care or trouble for them that entred who came presently to kisse his hands first the Admirall the Earle of Benauent and other Noblemen and captaines then the King of Nauarre who as a King made onely a reuerence but did not kisse his hand at which time there was no signe of discontentment but the King did looke of them all with a cheerefull countenance The constables lodging and of the rest of his faction were sackt and the Queenes of Castile and Portugall sisters did aduertise Don Gomes Guttiere of Toledo Archbishop of Seuile and his Nephew Don Fernando Aluares of Toledo Earle of Alba the first of that house which carried that title and Don Lopes of Bariento Bishop of Segobia that they should retire from Court for that they were too much affected to the Constables party the which they did the next day and all the Officers which had beene preferred vnto the King by the Constable were dismist And to make a good end of these troubles the Kings of Castile and Nauarre and the other Princes and Noblemen which were at Medina made a compromise in the hands of Mary Queene of Castile Don Henry Prince of the Asturia's the Admirall and of Don Garcia Aluares of Toledo who concluded as followeth Constable dismist the Couâ—t for six yeeres That the Constable Don Aluaro de Lunn Earle of Saint Stephens should absent himselfe from Court for the space of sixe yeeres next ensuing appointing him for his aboade his houses of Saint Martin of Val d'Eglise or Riaca That he should not write any letters to the King but concerning his owne businesse whereof hee should send a coppie vnto the Queene of Castile and to the Prince her sonne That during the said time hee should not make any league nor confederacie That all Knights which had followed him should retire to their houses and none to remaine about him but his household seruants Notwithstanding the Constable and the Archbishop of Toledo his brother might retaine for the space of thirty daies after notice giuen them of this sentence either of them fifty men at armes And for the execution thereof the Constable should leaue in deposito the castles of St. Stephen Aillon Maderuelo Ganga Rojas Maqueda Montalban Castle of Bayuela and Escalona which places should remaine during the said sixe yeeres in the custody of certaine Knights And for a greater caution the Constable should deliuer Don Iohn de Luna his sonne and heire in hostage to the Earle of Benauent during the said time That after the Constable should haue accomplished the aboue mentioned conditions the townes and places which the confederats held belonging vnto the King should be yeelded vp and the garrisons depart That the King should restore priuate men to their goods honours and dignities whereof hee had depriued them by reason of these troubles All guifts and grants made by the King since the first of September in the yeere 1438. vnto this present yeere 1441. should be reuoked and held for voide except to certaine persons of respect That all that were partisans to the Constable should be put out of the Kings councell who should be named by the King of Nauarre the Earles of Ledesma and Beneuent Inigo Lopes of Mendoça and Ruy Diaz of Mendoça That all souldiars should presently retire and no longer hold the field That the King of Castile should recompence him of Nauarre for the losses he had sustained in his lands in Castile during the seditions and that he should pay the souldiars which the King of Nauarre and his partisans had brought by reason thereof These with some other Articles were concluded the third of Iuly this yeere 1441. and were confirmed by the king of Castile thinking thereby to end the confusions whereinto he like a yong Prince had plunged his Estate by fauoring and supporting his mignon to much who was both indiscreet and insolent to the contempt of the Princes of his bloud and the chiefe Noblemen of the Kingdome who notwithstanding vnder collour of prouiding for the publike good tended all to their priuate Soone after the King beeing at Castro Xeris the Licentiate Alphonso Ruis of Villena came vnto him with procuration from the Constable who allowed and accepted of the sentence requiring to haue men sent to receiue the hostages After all this the Kings went to Burgos where they spent some time in feasts and sports and to auoide all iealousie which might cause troubles and diuisions amongst the Noblemen they made an accord amongst them that not any one should affect to be more familiar with the King then an other notwithstanding the Admirall D. Frederic began to be very gracious with the King of Castile nor without iealousie of the King of Nauarre who would willingly haue raised some stirs after the accustomed manner but his impaciency was restrained by the Earle of Castro his ancient and faithfull seruant who gaue him to vnderstand that it must needs redound to his proffit and of other Noblemen of the league And to make a stricter bonde hee aduised him seeing that Queene Blanche his wife was newly deceased to marry D. Ioane the Admirals daughter and he propounded vnto him an other marriage betwixt the Infant D. Henry his brother and D. Beatrice daughter to D. Roderigo Alphonso Pimentel Earle of Benauent these Noblemen still practising the Constables ruine which in the end they saw Blanch Queene of Nauarre after that she had conducted her daughter to the Prince of the Asturia's into Castile Nauarre she parted no more thence In the absence of the King her husband and hers D. Charles their sonne gouerned the Realme of Nauarre being assisted by good councell She was a religious Princesse and much giuen to deuotion and pilgrimages Death of D. Bâ—anch Queen of Nauarre especially to places dedicated to the Virgin Mary whether shee made some voiages during the aboue mentioned troubles wherein spending her time it happened that she died at Santa Maria de Nieua in the yeere 1442. It is doubtfull amongst the Spaniards where her body was
exploits of warre betwixt Renè of Aniou and him he had beseeged Naples the second time in the which Renè was and that by the good seruice of a certaine Mason who had beene denied Iustice by Renè he had brought into the city by an old conduit or sinke about two hundred Spaniards to seize vpon some port and giue entry to the rest of the army who beeing descouered and poursued had fortefied themselues in a great Tower where during the fight hee had caused a scaladoe to bee giuen and by that meanes put so many men into the towne as hee became maister of Saint Genaios gates which hauing forced they drew in all the armie of Arragon That of the men of warre of the Angeuine party had made great resistance yea there was Renè himselfe fighting verie valiantly in his owne person euen vnto the last extremity so as hee had like to haue beene taken prisoner hauing beene staied by some certaine souldiars of Cattelogne from whom hee freed himselfe cutting off the hand of one them called Espejo who held the Rheines of his horse-bridle and with great difficulty he saued himselfe in the fort of Castle-Nouo which held for him so as Rene beeing escaped and his souldiars retired where they could hee remained maister of the city and soone after receiued the sorts of Capuana and Saint Hermo by composition And that Renè finding that he had need of new forces leauing a good garrison in Castle Nouo and a Geneuois called Anthony Caluo to commaund there had gone to the Florentins and to Pâ—pe Eugenius his confederats in Italy from whom not being able to draw any sufficient aide he sent word vnto captaine Caluo that if he could not hold the fort he should yeeld it with the best conditions he could the which was done and by that meanes the King their maister remained absolute Lord of the chiefe city of the realme and of the castles where he had beene receiued and acknowledged by the Neapolitans for their King with great pompe and triumph his aduersary being retired to Marseilles after that he and his wife had held that realme in suspence and troubles by the space of sixe yeeres These newes were pleasing to the King of Castile who with milde and friendly words seemed to take in good part the admonitions and councell which the Ambassadors had giuen him in the King of Arragons name Thus King D. Alphonso remained peaceable possessor of the realme of Naples in the yeere 1442. after that he had contended for it one and twenty whole yeeres from the time that he was called from Corsica by Queene Ioane And soone after this conquest making his peace with Pope Eugenius who had need of his assistance and aide for the recouery of the Marquisate of Ancona the which Cont Francis Sforza held by the meanes of Cardinal Lewis of Padoua and of the Patriarke of Aquileia Alphonso king of Aâ—â—agon inuested in the realme of Naples the Pope graunted the inuestiture of the realme to him and his making D. Fernand of Arragon base sonne to King Alphonso Legitimate to that effect hoping to succeed in the realme of Naples and disanulling all other Inuestitures which had beene made by him or his predecessors Popes to all other Princes whatsoeuer In regard whereof the King did aide the Pope with his forces against such as opposed themselues in the Marquisate and made him to enioy it quietly The King of Arragons Ambassadors did admonish the King of Nauarre priuatly to keepe friendship with the King of Castile and to doe him seruice the like admonitions they gaue to the Infant D. Henry hauing such charge from their maister The Noblemen of Castile hauing with such contention plunged the Constable and them of his party in a gulphe of miseres Castile and the Courtiers hell which is the disgrace of their Prince and decay of their authority they gaue him meanes by their negligence and basenesse to resolue and to returne to that dignity from which he was fallne for euery one respecting more his priuate profit then the publike good or the maintenance of their league followed that which he held to be most profitable for himselfe beginning to iarre and to haue factions amongst themselues whereof the Constables friends that were in disgrace could make vse wherefore Doctor Pero Ianes and Alphonso Peres of Biuero Pollecy of the Bishop D. Lopes of Barrientos very much affected to the Constable had meanes to returne to Court D. Lopes of Barrientos Bishop of Segobia besides that he was a very deere friend to the Constable hauing or fearing to haue some quarrell with D. Iohn de Pacheco fauorite to Prince Henry hee exchanged his Bishoprike for that of Auila with the Cardinal D. Pedro of Cerbantes for that the Prince did ordinarily remaine at Segobia it may bee hee would haue this exchange serue for a collour for that which he pollitikely pretended making shew to hate and flie the Prince D. Henry when as he had most desire to bee in fauour with him to restore the Constable and to retire him from the King of Nauarre and the confederats league Soone after D. Pedro Suarez of Toledo sonne to D. Garcia Aluares of Toledo Lord of Oropesa being fauored by D. Henry Prince of Castile who was but of a turbulent spirit fortefied himselfe like an enemy in Talauera the which being made knowne to the King of Castile who was then at Santa Maria of Nieua with the King of Nauarre to celebrate the Anniuersary of D. Blanch Queene of Nauarre deceased the two Kings marched thether with some troupes and hauing caused the Infant D. Henry to come vnto them Kings of Castâ—le and Naâ—â—â—â— the 〈◊〉 they forced them that held Talauera to yeeld which place they gaue in gard to D. Fernand of Crezuela Archdeacon of Toledo From thence they went al together to Toledo where by the way they did visit the Constable D. Aluaro de Luna at Escalona where the King and Queen were his Gossips to a daughter who was called Ioane the which did wonderfully discontent the Admirall D. Frederic and the other confederate Lords The Commonalties of the Prouince of Alaua who had taken armes against the Earle of Castagneda and D. Inigo Lopes of Mendoça did much harme vnto the gentlemen of the country and others ruining their houses and committing many insolencies as a brutish people is accustomed to doe Dangerous councel to arm a multitude being a meere solly to arme them how iust soeuer the cause be yea they proceeded so farre as they did beseege D. Pero Lopes of Ayala Lieutenant and Gouernor of Guipuscoa in the towne of Saluatâ—erra of Alaua which did belong vnto him who seeing himselfe prest sent to intreat his Neighbour and kinsman D. Pero Fernandes of Velasco Lord of Haro being then at a village of his to come and succor him who hauing seene D. Pero of Ayalas letter he endeuored with all speed to releeue him
Gamboyn who seeing himselfe disappointed of that which hee pretended fell into such hatred of them of Montdragon as he caused the towne to be fired in diuers parts by some that he had set on so as he made in a manner all to be most inhumanly burnt Don Bertrand being apprehended by the kings commandement for this fact and accused to haue set fire of a towne belonging to the Crowne was in danger to haue lost his life yet as in a time of confusion money and fauour can do more then iustice he had his life saued making satisfaction to them that had beene burnt and damnified to value the which there were arbitrators appointed who by sentence adiudged most part of Don Bertrands lands to the towne of Montdragon and more they had giuen if the foure arbitrators chosen for the Inhabitants had not beene corrupted with money This towne of Montdragon endured this calamity for that it would not bee alienated from the Crowne for that they maintayned their liberties better so then in beeing subiect to any subalternall Lord and without doubt if Don Bertrand could haue seized theron he would haue kept it in this time full of reuolts and excesse when as the confirmation or the pardon had beene easie to haue beene obtayned by a peace or otherwise In cleargie matters this towne hath alwaies beene stout to maintaine her rights and priuiledges still refusing to accept any Lay patron as well in that which concernes the fruits as the right of presentation in the towne and iurisdiction In the yeare 1449. the truce betwixt Castile and Nauarre beeing ended the garrisons of Atiença and of Pegna of Alcaçar went to field Exploits of 〈◊〉 betwixt the Nauarrâ—it and Castillans and made the cruellest warre that might be The King of Nauarre being exceeding glad that the Earle of Beneuent had escaped into Portugall he fortified himselfe with the fauour of king Don Alphonso by his meanes and hauing drawne out of Nauarre and Arragon and from the Moores in the Realme of Valencia which were subiects to Arragon a good number of fighting men sent them vnder the conduct of Don Pedro of Vrrea Don Iohn Fernandes of Heredia Rodrigo of Rebolledo Don Fernand and Don Diego sonnes to the Earle of Castro and of the iustice of Arragon against the towne of Cuenca making his base sonne Don Alphonso of Arragon late Master of the Calatraua Generall of this armie the which ioyning with the troupes which Iohn Hurtado of Mendoça and Lope of Mendoça his brother sonnes to Don Diego had raysed for his seruice for that they were entred into quarell with the Bishop of Cuenca and were become his enemies might amount to sixe thousand men horse and foot with these forces the cittie of Cuenca was beseeged the which was defended by the Bishop Don Lope of Barriento a better souldier then a Diuine although he had some fame for that facultie in Spaine and by Alphonso Cherino son to Fernando Alphonso Cherino Syndic of the citty and by Lopes and Iohn of Salezar breethren Captaines of the garrison and the Inhabitants who made such resistance as notwithstanding that the Nauarrois had taken Saint Anthonies tower at the bridge and giuen great assaults in other places yet they defended the place and repulst the enemie who despayring to take it raised the seege the which they did the rather for that they were aduertised the Constable came with great forces to succour it Towards Requena and Vtiel the king of Nauarre sent Don Baltazar sonne to the Earle of Huelua with 200 horse and 500. foot who running along the riuer of Xorquera tooke a bootie of about 10000. head of small cattell and the Inhabitants of Requena and Vtiel going foorth to rescue the prey they were incountred and defeated thirty of their Knights beeing slaine vpon the place and seuenty caried away prisoners by the Nauarrois and the rest were all dispersed These were the King of Nauarres exploites attending the returne of the Admirall Don Frederick who was gone to Naples with the Bishop of Lerida where they were so well receiued by king Alphonso and heard in their requests that not beeing able to come into Spaine as he desired he sent letters and commandement to the Estates of Arragon to furnish the king of Nauarre his brother with men armes victuals money of his rents and reuenues and all other things in such quantitie as he should need to make warre against the King of Castile to recouer from him his lands and Estates and to deliuer the Noblemen which were detayned prisoners by the Constables practises and slanders with this prouision the Admirall and Bishop imbarked to returne into Spaine hauing receiued gifts and presents with all other good vsage from king Alphonso The bishop dyed vppon the way so as the Admirall returned alone to the king of Nauarre who was much pleased with this fauourable dispatch calling the chiefe men of Arragon to Saragossa where he acquainted them with their kings command whereupon the Arragonois hauing held a Councell they besought the king of Nauarre not to draw them into quarrell with Castile with which Realme they desired to maintaine peace as long as they might The king of Nauarre vsed many intreaties and protestations to perswade them but he could not induce them to go to the warre with him yet he drew from them what summes of money he would and seeing that he could not perswade them in generall he induced some knights in particular to serue him and to make his way more easie to that which he pretended being sufficiently aduertised of the insolencies and follies which the Constable committed daily to the great disdaine of the Noblemen of Castile he sought by all meanes to draw some into his league letting them vnderstand that if they did any longer indure this mad man to gouerne the Realme of Castile in that maner they would repent it too late and when as they should not bee able to preuent the ruine of their houses which he sought hauing no other end but to root out the great families of the Realme to settle his familiars and men of his sort The king of Nauar had a speciall desire to draw D. Pedro de Velasco Earle of Haro into this league beeing a good Knight louing iustice rich and mightyboth in meanes and friends to whom the Constables vnlimited ambition and the vniust detention of so many good men was displeasing League made against the Constable D. Aluaro de Luna To draw him to his faction he fed him with hope to marrie his sonne Prince Charls vnto his daughter so as the greatnesse of the royall Estate wherein D. Pedro should see his daughter if this marriage tooke effect blinded his eyes and made him open his eares This beeing in some sort concluded they sent wise and discreet men to the Prince Don Henry and to his great minion D. Iohn de Pacheco Marquis of Villena and his brother D. Pedro Giron Master of Calatraua to
power to finde them guilty The Earle being aduertised of this practise he did impart his deseigne to the Prince the Marquis of Santillana and to the Earles of Benauent and Haro with others which was to loose his life or to make the Constable loose his The Prince Don Henry made him no answere as the rest did who by the negotiation of Diego de Valera laied a plot amongst them that the Earle of Plaisance and the Marquis of Santillana should send their eldest sonnes with fiue hundred Launces vnder pretext of a quarrell which was betwixt the Earle of Benauent and D. Pedro Aluares Osorio and that passing neere vnto Vailledolit whereas the King and the Constable were they should finde means to seize vpon a gate drawing their men into the town they should take or kil the Constable publishing that it was done by the commandement of Prince Henry But it succeeded not Queene Isabel 〈…〉 Lords against the Constable for the Constable beeing aduertised hee caused the King to dislodge and led him to Burgos These things beeing imparted by the King of Castile to Queene Isabel who was no friend to the Constable she imbraced this occasion and induced the King to let these Noblemen doe what 〈◊〉 had resolued the which was easie to effect for that the King was already distasted of his Constable The Queene did not only this good office but she did sollicit the confederates to make hast whilest the time was fit sending the Countesse of Ribadeo vnto them vnder collour to visit the Earle of Plaisance her vncle who had fortefied himselfe in Bejar carrying letters of credit who did informe them as shee was commanded of the time place and meanes they should hold to seize vpon the Constable or to dispatch him This Ambassage deliuered vnto the Earle reioyced him much and for that he was lame himselfe he presently sent D. Aluaro of Estuniga his eldest sonne with Diego of Valera a Secretarie and a Page to leauy men in Curiel where they could not for the shortnesse of time assemble aboue seuenty Launces with the which D. Aluaro went towards Burgos and going before vpon a Mule with one man that did attend him hee entred into the Castle of Burgos commanding his men to follow after giuing it out in the Country that they did belong vnto the Constable but aboue all that they should so obserue the time as their comming into Burgos should bee by night and that they should not offer to come into the castle vntill they had newes from him the which was duely executed and these seuenty Knights entred into the castle on Monday at night the first of May in the yeere 1453. whereas D. Aluaro had already drawne in the same night two hundred of his friends of the towne well armed Presage of the Constables end The day following there was an vncertaine brute that the Constable should bee apprehended who had many other presages of his ruine if hee could haue fore-seene it The King being priuy to all these matters had a conceit that this apprehension could not be made without great scandale and therefore he sent commandement to D. Aluaro that hee should returne to Curiel for that he could not execute that for the which hee was come but D. Aluaro a valiant and hardy Knight made answere that vpon his life hee would seiz vpon the Constable and deliuer him vnto him so he would be pleased to giue him a decree VVarrant to apprehend the Constable or warrant to apprehend him the which the King caused to be made in this forme D. Aluaro of Estuniga my Alguazil Maior or Marshall I command you to apprehend the body of D. Aluaro de Luna Maister of Saint Iames and if he offer to defend himselfe that you kill him And moreouer the King commanded the Rectors and Aldermen of the city to put the people in armes according to their regiments and bands and to keepe them in battaile in the Bishops place at the breake of day At which time D. Aluaro going out of the castle to inuest the Constables lodging and to take him hee receiued diuers commandments from the King that he should not fight but onely beseege him and set gards about his lodging that he might not escape which did much discontent him Comming neere the place his men beganne to cry Castile Castile for the Kings liberty At which noyse the Constable came to the windoe and his men put themselues in defence many shot both with bowes and harguebuses wherewith there were some slaine and others hurt D. Aluaro of Estuniga sent often to intreat the King that hee would giue him leaue to fight for they slue his men from the windoes of the Constables lodging but he would neuer grant it Therevpon arriued D. Alphonso of Carthagena Bishop of Burgos and Ruy Diaz of Mendoçca Lord Steward to whom the Constable who was armed and on horse-backe yeelded himselfe prisoner hauing promised him in the Kings name that there should be no harme done vnto his person nor goods but by the course of Iustice. Being taken he was giuen in gard by the King to Ruy Diaz of Mendoça and by him to his brother Iohn Hurtado of Mendoça who carried him to Portillo whereat D. Aluaro of Estuniga was very much discontented and the city likewise so as some offred to goe and take the Constable away by force from Iohn Hurtado and to deliuer him into his hands to keepe hauing more right therevnto then any other seeing he had taken him but D. Aluaro who was a discreet Knight pacefied them with thankes After this the King went to Portillo and caused a great quantity of treasure belonging to the Constable to be seized on and carried to Vailledolit and he gaue him in gard to D. Diego of Estuniga sonne to the Marshall D. Inigo Ortis of Estuniga who was Earle of Nieua commanding that his processe should be made and that his Attorney Generall should informe against him This yeere was remarkable in Spaine Nauarre for the birth of 〈◊〉 Infant D. Fernand sonne to D. Iohn King of Nauarre by D. Ioane Henriques his wife who being vnwilling to be deliuered in Nauarre going towards Arragon she was forced to stay at Sos a small place of Arragon Birth of D. Fernand who was King of 〈◊〉 and Arrâ—gâ—n and 〈◊〉 to D. Isabel. where she had this Prince who was famous for the great things he did for by him the Moores were chased out of Granado and all Spaine clensed of that vermine the West Indies discouered with many Islands in the Ocean sea the Realmes of Castile Leon Arragon Nauarre and Granado vnited vnder one crowne many places conquered vpon the coast of Affrike and subiected to the crowne of Spaine And that which may serue to make him famous the Inquisition was instituted vnder him the only support of the authority of the Sea of Rome and of the Clergy in Spaine The yeere of Prince Fernands birth
honors and riches who were issued from base and obscure families Thus King Henry at the age of one and thirty yeeres was proclaimed King at Valiodolite in the presence of D. Iohn of Pacheco Marques of Villena his most priuate and familliar friend and his brother D. Pedro Giron Maister of â—alatraua D. Ruy Diaz of Mendoza great Maister of the household to the late King D. Iohn D. Pedrod ' Aguilar Lord of Priego and of Cagnette the Marshal D. Diego Fernandes of Cordoua Lord of Baena and other Noblemen which were then at the Court. The beginning of his reigne was very plausible by reason that he did enlarge of his owne accord without being therevnto solicited by any one D. Garcia Alâ—ares of Toledo Earle of Alua and D. Diego Manriques Earle of Treuigno restoring them to all their former riches honours and dignities and hauing made a certaine speech to the Lords that were then about him they gaue him great and humble thankes reputing that demonstration of his clemency as an high fauour and so with al reuerence kissed his hands He displaced none of all those which were in any office or place of dignity during the life of his father but receiued them into his seruice in the selfe same quality that they were in before In regard whereof all men thought the Kingdome happy being fallne into the hands of so good so curteous and liberall a Prince and they did yeeld infinite thankes vnto God the only giuer of so desired and necessary a fauour for the Realmes of Castile and Leon. Diuers great Lords so soone as they heard of the death of King Iohn came in all hast to mourne with him for the same to do him reuerence and to take the oth of alleageance due to the new King The Ecclesiasticall persons were D. Alphonso Carillo d' Acugna Archbishop of Toledo D. Roderigo de Luna Archbishop of Saint Iames D. Alphonso Fonseca Archbishop of Seuil D. Alphonso de Carthagena Bishop of Burgos Frier Lopes de Barriento Bishop of Cuenca D. Alphonso de Madrigalls called Tostado the most renowned Bishop of Auila D. Pedro Baca Bishop of Leon D. Pedro of Castile Bishop of Palença D. Gonçall of Illesca Bishop of Cordoua D. Lewis d' Acugna Bishop of Segobia D. Inigo Manrique Bishop of Ouiedo with diuers other prelats The secular Lords were D. Fernand de Velasco Earle of Haro D. Alphonso Pimentell Earle of Benauent D. Gaston de la Cerde Earle of Medina Celi D. Diego Manrique Earle of Treuigno D. Iohn Manrique Earle of Castagneda D. Roderigo Manrique Earle of Paredes D. Gabriell Manrique Earle of Osorno D. Aluaro of Estuniga Earle of Plaisance whose father was newly dead much about the time of the Constables decease D. Pedro Aluares Osorio Earle of Transtamara D. Pedro d' Acugna Earle of Valencia an other D. Pedro d' Acugna Lord of Duegnas and Tariego brother to the Archbishop D. Alphonso Carillo D. Iohn de Sylua Standard-bearer to the King and many others who with the deputies of townes and Prouinces there assembled sware to the Kings fealty and homage after the accustomed manner Now the King being desirous to suppresse al fore-passed quarrels and to settle a firme peace in his dominions The King of Nauarre and other Lords pacified recompenced repealed by the new king D. Henry did at his comming to the crowne send Ambassadors to the King of Nauarre who greatly complained because of the confiscation of all his goods in Castile wherevpon it was concluded that in recompence of all the wrongs that hee could pretend he should haue certaine yeerely pensions assigned him out of the ordinary reuenue of the Kingdome of Castile in regard of which assignation he should deliuer vp into the King of Castiles hands the townes of Atiença La Pegna de Alcaçar it was likewise agreed vpon that the Admirall D. Frederic D. Iohn of Touar Lord of Berlanga the children of the Earle of Castro lately dead and all the Knights and others which were fled out of the Kingdome by reason of the late warres should be repealed and restored to all their goods and lands These things were soone effected and the Admirall with the rest returned to Valiodolit to kisse the Kings hands who receiued them very graciously and yet for all that did put them in minde of the faith and obedience due to Kings to the end they might the better remember it afterward and so with his free pardon dismissed them And besides all this the better to confirme his peace on all sides with Christian Princes he sent Ambassadors into Italy to Alphonso King of Arragon to the end to renue the leagues and antient alliances betwixt the crownes of Castile and Arragon who were receiued and entertained with great honour a notable argument whereof was that as the Ambassadors of Castile and the Commissioners of Arragon stood vpon termes who should be first named in the instruments and writings the King D. Alphonso decreed that the precedency should be giuen to Castile Castile presâ—râ— before Arragon in regard that he himselfe reigning ouer the Arragonois was a Prince issued from the stocke of Castile an antient race of the Kings of Gothes so that in all the writings which did concerne the league and alliance the King of Castile was first named the which his Ambassadors at their returne certified to him and his councell to their exceeding ioy and contentment But notwithstanding these good beginnings if the reigne of the late King Iohn was turbulent and troublesome and if euer Spaine was Spaine was seene to be shaken with furious tempests The gentleness of a Prince not accompanied with iustice seuerity is both hurtful to him selfe and his Estaâ—e it was now most of all by the miserable gouernment of his sonne King Henry whose clemency and carelesse gentlenesse was the onely cause thereof making him to forget the other part of the duty of a Prince which is Iustice by meanes whereof he fell into the contempt of the great ones of his Court and namely of his most priuate minions so that both hee and his Kingdome fell into very dangerous streights At the beginning he and his affaires were gouerned by D. Iohn de Pacheco Marquis of Villena a wise rich and discreet person and one well seene in the mannaging of state-affaires likewise by the Archbishop of Seuil D. Alphonso de Fonseca a prelate of an excellent wit but lesse graue then beseemed the place and ranke he held by whom for certaine yeeres space the Kingdome was well gouerned to the contentment of all men The first martiall enterprise attempted in the reigne of King Henry was against the Moores of Granado ouer whom reigned Ismael Moores and Castile the same who had taken the crowne from Mahumet the Lame for the execution whereof King Henry assembled the Estates of his kingdome in the city of Cuellar vnto whom hauing propounded what he ment to doe D. Iatgo Lopes de
of Nauarre by the good councell of the Lords of the countrey and namely by the Lord Lewis of Beaumont now the king his father hauing married to his second wife the Ladie Ioane Henriques daughter to the Admirall of Castile would haue made her a partaker in the gouernment the which was distasted by many who did stirre vp the Prince beeing lawfull heire of the Kingdome not to suffer his mother-in-law to thrust her selfe into the command of his possessions The desire of rule which tickleth all great and magnanimous natures The desire of rule an affection of a magnanimous nature did so farre possesse the Prince Don Charles hitherto obedient to his father as hee declared vnto him the purpose that he had to enioy alone the right of his mothers inheritance in which his mother-in-law had no part and thereupon made preparation to send her foorth of the countrie and to resist the king his father if he opposed himselfe against his determination and in conclusion to haue by way of armes that which he purposed From this pernitious quarrell Factions of Beaumont and Grammont in Nauarre which prooued so successeles to the sonne against the father did spring the two factions of those of Beaumont and Grammont which so many yeares did infect the kingdome of Nauarre names taken from two mighty families to wit that of Beaumont beyond the Pireuean hils The house of Beaumont called of old Lusa and that of Grammont on the hither side neere vnto France albeit that the house of Beaumont had his originall from Normandy and was first of all called Lusa neuerthelesse both of them of old issued from the bloud royall of Nauarre the which the armes of both those houses do witnesse and namely the chiefe of the faction of Grammont who are the Marshals of the kingdome the Marques of Cortes do not intitle themselues of Grammont but of Nauarre Now the Lord Lewis of Beaumont Constable of Nauarre beeing chiefe of his house he and all his followed the Princes on the contrarie the house of Grammont and their adherents did maintain the Kings quarell against his sonne and of this house were chiefe the Lord Peter of Peralta who by reason of these tumults was made Constable and the Marshall Don Pedro of Nauarre The sonnes reasons were that beeing sonne and lawfull heire to Lady Blanche the right Queene and heire of Nauarre he ought to gouerne seeing that the king his father had made a second marriage which barred him from any pretence of right or claime On the contrarie the king sayd that by agreement of his first marriage it was concluded that whether he had any children or no by his wife Queene Blanche that he should raigne during his life to the which article the Lords and States of the kingdome were sworne and therefore it ought to take place The Prince disputed against this poynt as beeing made to his preiudice not good in law and therefore of no force for as by the lawes of the Realme two beeing married the suruiuer enioyeth the goods of the partie deceased so long as they continue in widdow-hood but so soone as they marrie againe they lose that right Now the question was whether the condition agreed vpon in the contract of marriage in the behalfe of K. Iohn made against the lawes of Nauarre and to the preiudice of the Prince his sonne were good or no but how iust so euer it was they fell to armes Queene Ioane remaining in Estella beeing aduertised of Prince Charles his conspiracie gaue foorth-with notice thereof to the king her husband who came out of Arragon into Nauarre with a great company of men at armes vnto whom those of Grammont ioyned themselues First of all he tryed by messages and ambassadors if hee could diuert the Prince his sonne from this dishonorable poursute whereby as he sayd he did blemish the shining luster of the races of Nauarre Castile Arragon and France from whence he was descended the question betwixt the father and sonne was brought to very good termes by the reasons alleaged by King Iohns Ambassadors had not the counsel of the chiefe of the part of Beaumont hindred it who kept the Prince in his first resolution to haue the absolute rule of his kingdom without any exception and those of Grammont did incite the king against his sonne both parts thinking as it is very likely to increase their honours riches and dignities rather by these troubles then by the peace of the kingdome All treaties and negotiations of peace ceassing the Prince assembled his forces as wel Knights as the common people of his partie An. 1456. and carried himself as king the yeare 1456 The Prince of Viana Don Charles caused himselfe to bee called king of Nauar. giuing gifts priuiledges and liberties with other royall acts the letters and writings whereof were found in these times in the citie of Toralba and other places of the country he called also from Castile diuers of his friends of whom certaine troupes entring by Logrogâ— into Nauarre were ouerthrowne neere to Viana by the King Don Iohn who like a wise and a discreet Captaine went and met them not suffering all his sonnes forces to ioyne together before that he had fought with them after which exploit there were diuers encounters betwixt them with doubtfull victorie neere to Estella Pampelona Olite and Lombier so as the last battell of this first ciuill warre was fought neere to the citie of Ayuar in the which by the prowesse and valour of Peter of Peralta and Lopes of Castillo and others of the faction of Grammont those of Beaumont were vanquished and Prince Charles taken prisoner who was carried to Tafalla by the commandement of the king who came thither soone after and did labour to bring him to some agreement of peace the which the sonne beeing ill aduised did contemne and that which was worse he going about to incite his neighbour kings to take in hand the defence of his cause a packet of letters was taken which he sent to king Alphonso of Portugall wherein diuers matters were discouered by reason whereof hee was shut vp in the castle of Mont-Roy Hereuppon the factions were so fleshed one against the other as through all the citties of the kingdome betweene neighbors and towns-men whole families did so bandie themselues that infinite cruelties murthers burning of houses and other insolencies and impieties of ciuill warres were committed The great loue of the Earle of Lerin to the Prince Don Charles The imprisonment of the Prince was so irkesome to the Lord Lewis of Beaumont Earle of Lerin as he did not cease by all meanes and assurances that he offered till that he had obtained his deliuerie of the King for the which he himselfe so dearely did he loue him gaue his owne person in hostage and remained in prison the space of seuen yeares But when the Prince was at libertie he wanted no counsellers to animate him to
where by chance they met with the maister of Alcantara and the Earle of Medellin who were going to the King with a thousand horse whom these two run-awaies made beleeue that the King had giuen charge to take them and that he did greatly distrust them and therefore aduised them not to shut them-selues vp in a place from whence they could not escape at their pleasures They knowing the king by many like examples to be apt enough to do such a matter did easily beleeue what the secretary and Gonçalo had told them and at their intreaty they went altogether and ioyned them-selues with their confederats the which did wonderfully trouble the King who had great cause to complaine of the ingratitude of Aluar Gomes de Cité Reall aboue the rest Aluar Gomes perfidious and disloyall to his King because hee had 〈◊〉 him with his greatest secrets and had highly aduanced him hauing giuen him the Lordshippe of Maqueda and enabled him by meanes of his fauour honours and offices to purchase Saint Siluester and Torrâ—son de Velasco and other-waies aduanced him although hee were of no Noble parentage Apprehending then this treason of Aluarâ— hee confiscated all his goods and gaue the towne of Torrejon de Velasco to Pedro Arias de Auiâ—a sonne to Diego of Segobia his high treasorer And afterward made an edict whereby hee declared the deputies and arbitrators The King disanuls the Arbitratots sentence for the peace assembled at Medina del Campo suspect and enemies to his crowne reuoking and declaring their sentence to bee of no force After-that hee came to Segouia and the confederates went to Playsantia carrying with them the Prince Don Alfonso Matters being broken of the Maister of Calatraua went into Andalozia to drawe the Lords of that country into the league In the meane time the Arch-Bishoppe of Toledo and the Admirall the better to assure the king of their fidelity remayned in their houses making no shew of cleauing to any side in those latter tumults and they sayd that they stayd there expecting when the King woâ—ld send for them Now the King the better to oblige them to his seruice had promised to giue vnto the Archbishop la mota of Medina del campo King Henry ill aduised giueth his enemies meanes to war vpon him and the Citty of Auila and to the Admirall the Captenship of Valiodolit and of Val de nebro with a certaine summe of Henries of gould to pay their soldiors to weete the Arch-Bishoppe fourteene hundred Launces and the Admiral eight hundred the which they obtained within few daies after The king hauing left in Segobia with a good and fure guard the Queene his wife with her daughter and the Infanta Donna Isabell hee went to Madrid whether the Arch-Bishop came as it were flying because as hee sayd the Marchiones of Villena had caused him to bee pursued by the commandement of her husband and the other confederates beeing receaued and welcommed by the whole Courte the King the day following held a councell wherein hee complayned of the disobedience and rebellion of the Marquis and his confederats who had made sundry attempts against his person the welfare quiet of his realmes which was wholy diuided in armes was so troubled that without a fit and speedy remedy both he himselfe who was King the Lords Citties and other estates should bee exposed to the appetite of such as gaped after their liuings places and dignities wherefore hee craued aduice what was to bee done in a time so troublesome wherein hee himselfe with his faithfull friends and councellors were ready to fall into extreame daunger The Arch-Bishop as a Prelate of greatest authority who was the mouth of the rest aunswered and gaue the King counsell to demand the Prince Don Alfonso of the confederate Lords saying that hee should liue better according to his dignity beeing with him than in their company seeing that the troubles were encreased by meanes of his deliuery vnto them were as peace and quietnesse was expected and if that they should refuse to send him that then the King should proceed against them by rigor of armes as rebells and guilty of treason This counsell was receyued and allowed of them all and therefore the King went towards Salamanca supposing to take the Rebels vnprouided By the way the Earle of Alua The Earle of Alua forsaking the league 〈◊〉 to the King who was in his house lodged and entertayned the King and his Court very sumptuously and with great magnificence and did sincerely reconcile himselfe vnto him vtterly forsaking the League vnto whome the King promised to forget what was past and great fauours in time to come The fourth day after hee went from thence and came to Salamanca with the Arch-bishop of Toledo the Bishop of Calaorra the Duke of Albuquerque with others of his priuie Councell from which place he did write to the confederate Lords according as he was aduised by the Arch-bishop of Toledo Then did the Arch-bishop sollicite the King to giue vnto him and the Admirall Auila and the other places with the money promised for the leauying and payment of their men at armes the King promised him the places and willed them in the meane time to assemble their forces The Lords of the League who were at Plaisance hauing receyued the Kings commandement answered him that they would serue him no longer and there withall aduised him not to marrie the Infanta Donna Izabella to the King of Portugall without the consent of the three Estates of the Kingdome The letter beeing read diuers told the king that he should well consider the tenour thereof for albeit the Confederates sayd that they would no longer serue him it was euident by the discourse thereof that they did not intend to sequester themselues from the seruice of the Crowne but onely from that of his owne person and that they would for a certaine elect his brother Prince Don Alphonso for their King And moreouer they did aduise him not to trust ouer much to the Arch-bishop of Toledo for they were sufficiently aduertised that the Admirals intent and his was so soone as they could get the castles and places which they demaunded in their owne power to retire then with all their forces to his enemies but the King who was not suspitious but by accident and by nature credulous did for all that giue the Arch-bishop whatsoeuer he demanded Hauing then debated how to beginne this warre the Councell was of opinion and amonst the rest the Arch-bishop that Areuallo should bee beseeged a cittie belonging to the Confederates who before they would loose that place would perhaps come to any honest agreement this being so set downe the Arch-bishop was sent away to gather his forces together with commaundement that he himselfe and the Admirall should with their troupes meete before Areualo in the meane space the Bishop of Calaorra and the Duke of Albuquerque remayned at Salamanca to giue order
on all parts and the beseeged made diuerse braue sallies vpon the enemies D. Pedro who named himselfe King did desire to succour Tortosa but being with his forces on the way he died by poison as it is reported in the City of Granol D. Pedro of Portugal poysoned fiue miles distant from Barcelona King Iohn being aduertized of the death of his enemy did not dissemble the ioy that he felt not the Barcelonois their griefe and sorrow but those of Tortosa were especially greeued for the hope of succor which they expected from him Tortosa yeelded to King Iohn so as being out of hope of helpe and extreamely beaten euery day they yeelded vpon reasonable termes These things were done in Cattalonia at the same time that the Prince Alphonso was proclaimed King of Castile at Auila Castile and King Henry degraded by the confederate Lords vnto whose seruice and readuancement from sundry parts of the Realme diuers Noble men resorted but Don Garcia Aluares de Toledo Earle of Alua de Tormes was he that shewed the greatest loue and affection towards him for he brought to his aide one thousand footmen three hundred men at armes and two hundred light horse or genets he dwelt nere to Salamanca The King sent the Earle of Alua and his troupes to Zamora with Iohn Bernandes Galindo who had commaund of the residew of the army he himselfe with the Queene and the Infanta Isabella went to Ledesma where he was sumptuously entertained and feasted by the Duke of Albuquerque for the space of eight daies from whence hauing assembled three hundred men at armes and two hundred genets they accompanied the King to Zamora The Queene and the Infanta Isabell went into Portugall to request aide of the King whereof there was great need but their labour was in vaine At Zamora daily arriued great numbers of souldiars for the Kings seruice The Earle of Transtamara brought thither two hundred men at armes and two hundred genets the Earle of Valencia a hundred men at armes and two hundred genets others brought more or lesse according to their habilities The King sent three hundred Launces to Segobia to accompany the Lady Ioane his supposed daughter to Zamora where with great pompe hee entred the City vnder a canopy and in a Kingly habit In the meane time the Maister of Calatraua D. Pedro Gyron Maister of Calatraua stirsin Andeluzia against the King stirred vp all Andaluzia for the contrary part and drew some by perswations guifts and promises others by theatnings force and violence Hauing done his best but in vaine to enduce D. Iohn de Valençuela to ioyne himselfe with the confederate Lords he tooke him prisoner and would not release him till he had snatched diuers fortresses from him with the which not being satisfied he tooke from him all the places belonging to the priory of Saint Iohn and gaue them to D. Aluaro de Estuniga third sonne to the Earle of Playsance He dispossessed also the Bishop of Iaen the Kings faithful seruant from all that he held notwithstanding that he vsed his goods and houses boldly and familliarly as his guest The Constable of Castile D. Michael Lucas de Irançu D. Pedro de Cordoua Earle of Cabra and his children the Marshall of Castile D. Diego the Commandor de Estepa D. Martin and Martin Alphonso Lord of Alcaudete did oppose themselues against the Maister of Calatraua The intent of the confederate Lords was to goe and beseege Simancas and being gone from Valiodolit for the same purpose with great store of men and munition by the way they tooke Pegnafleur where whilest they were busied the King caused Iohn Fernandes Galindo to enter into Simancas with three hundred horse and not long after the towne beeing inuested by the enemy it was a hard matter to say whether the beseegers or the beseeged were in most feare In the meane space whilest they lay before that towne The Archbishop of Teledo chiefe of the rebels derided the knauish boies and lackies which were within the same did gather themselues together vpon a day and in derision of the league they made an image representing the Archbishop of Toledo which they named the new D. Opas the Apostata in the daies of Count Iulian who brought the Moores into Spaine against King Rodericke then they made one amongest them a Iudge who sitting in a seate commanded the image should bee imprisoned and afterward he pronounced sentence which was that Alphonso Carillo Archbishop of Toledo following the steps of the old Bishop Opas the ruine of Spaine for that he had betraied the King his naturall Lord rebelling against him and detayning his money townes and fortresses which he had committed to him was condemned to be drawne vp and downe the streets and publike places of Simancas a trumpet going before who should proclaime that the King did command this iustice to bee done to the traitor Opas as a recompence due for his treacheries and treasons and that then it should bee burned This sentence being pronounced aloud the image was carried forth of the towne accompanied with more then three hundred boies and lacquaies and burned nere to the confederats army and in their sight The Lords of the league perceiuing that they could not take Simancas did raise their seege and brought their forces backe to Valiodolit The Kings army which was assembled at Toro did daily encrease to the which their ioyned the Earle of Medina Celi with fiue hundred Launces the Marquis of Santillana with seuen hundred D. Pedro de Mendoça Lord of Almaçan with two hundred and a great number of footmen diuers others also came thither so that there were reckoned to be foure score thousand footmen and foureteene thousand horse as well men at armes as light horse who were all of them very desirous to fight and to doe the King good seruice who by the aduice of the Lords and captaines of his army caused the campe to dislodge and to aduance towards the enemies the Earle of Alua de Tormes leading the vantguard and the battaile was conducted by D. Pedro Gonçales de Mendoça Bishop of Calaorra The army marching neere to Tordesillas a captaine of the Vantgarde named Garci Mendes of Badajos disbanding with about two hundred horse met neere to Valiodolit with Iohn Carillo a Knight of the Admiralls leading a band of fifty horse whom he fought with vanquished and tooke Iohn Carillo prisoner beeing grieuously hurt who was brought into a Chappel thereby where hee entreated to speake with the King before he died for he felt himselfe wounded to the death The King at the intreaty of his friends came to visit the prisoner whose end drew neere he craued pardon of the King for bearing armes against him and told him that he was come from Valiodolit the same day by the commandement of those that had power ouer him to finde meanes to kill him and he did moreouer reueale to the King sundry other vilde
by vertue of a grant which he obtained from Rome who was the last Maister of that order sauing one a brother of his called Don Alphonso Tellez Giron succeeded in the Lordship and Earledome of Vruena both of them remayning vnder the gouernment and protection of their vncle D. Iohn de Pacheco Marquis of Villena These things happened in the yeer 1466. An. 1466. A Prodigie at which time there were seene in Castile such huge numbers of Storks as they did darken and hinder the light of the Sunne the which did greatly asright the people who did interpret it for a signe of misery and mishap to the kingdome In these times liued D. Roderigo Sanches of Areualo who was very familliar with Pope Paul the second and by him made captaine of the castle of Saint Angelo where he wrote an History of Spaine which at this day is common with euery man and is called the Palentine History because a Bishop of Palença was author thereof and it was dedicated to this King Henry The city of Victoria for that it had during all the troubles remained faithfull to the King did obtaine this yeere a free market once euery weeke vpon the Thursday whose priuiledge was despatched by the Secretary Pedro Arias it is one of the most frequented markets in the whole country After the Maister of Calatraua's death the troubles were a little calmed by reason that no man was resolued what to doe the Earle of Benauent acknowledging the offence which hee had committed against the King did secretly withdraw himselfe from the league and returned to his seruice the King to recompence him gaue him the towne of Portillo which hee had taken a little before his reconcilliation About the same time the Prince Don Alphonso who was termed King accompanied with the Archbishop of Toledo and many other Knights came to Portillo where being receiued hee was lodged in the castle and the others in the towne on the morrow as the Archbishop and the other Lords came to waite vpon the Prince at his rising they found the gates shut against them and they were willed to get them thence for that Don Alphonso did no longer regard their company whereat the Archbishop was greatly troubled and from that time did conceiue an extreame hatred against the Earle who had put that trick vpon him the better thereby to infinuate himselfe into the Kings fauour yet for all that the Marquis of Villena who was very wise and subtill and did desire for to maintaine the league vnited vsed diuerse meanes to reconcile them and to applie a plaister to that wound which in some sort did heale outwardly The Earle in recompence of the good seruice which hee had done to the King demaunded of him the Maistership of Saint Iames at that time vacant the which was granted to him but perswading himselfe to make vse of the Marquis of Villena's fauour who was his father in law whom he made beleeue that he was still of his side he inwardly found the contrary The continuall robberies and outrages committed ouer all Spaine by these Lords and their followers not onely suffred in the country but euen in townes and houses by reason the warres did constraine the Inhabitants of the townes and citties to make societies and fellowships to oppose themselues against these tyrants and robbers and the better to bring it to passe they drew certaine chiefe points and Articles and chose places to meet at at daies appointed the King backing and assisting them therein notwithstanding that sundry of his followers as well as of the league did goe about to hinder so proffitable an enterprise Hermandades or brotherhoods in Castile vnion of the Prouinces and communalties holding together for the administration of iustice whereby the Realme was defended from many euills it being Gods pleasure that the King should persist in his determination to maintaine his communalties and to doe Iustice which beganne to be sincerely administred The conclusions of these societies was made in the City of Tordesillas where the Deputies of all the Prouinces were assembled where that of Guipuscoa most of all shaken and troubled by the factions of the Gamboins and Ognazins did receiue the greatest benifit They did establish captaines and gouernors ouer each of them these are the Hermandades or brotherhoods as they call them who in some sort may be likened to the Prouincial prouost Marshalls in sundry places of France but that they execute their duties with greater care During the assembly at Tordesillas the King remained at Coca a towne belonging to the Archbishop of Siuill conferring with the confederates vnder the Bishops safe-conduct but there was nothing of worth concluded on so as the King returned to Segobia and the league to Areualo An other assembly Assembly at Madrid at the request of diuers was assigned at Madrid the same towne being for sixe monthes giuen to the Archbishop of Siuill to the end that euery man might come thither in safety and without suspition The King Henry the Marquis of Villena and the chiefe Lords of either faction did meet the Prince D. Alphonso remained in the meane time at Ocagna whether the Archbishop of Toledo who was reconciled to him had brought him This other conference was as frutelesse as the former The Lady Leonora Pimentell Countesse of Playsancia came to Madrid beeing called thither by both sides to mediate the peace this Lady was held to be greatly affected to King Henries seruice The Lords beeing busied about these affaires King Henry oppresseth his trusty seruants and dares not touch the rebels the Marquis beeing desirous to entertaine the troubles and to extract discord from discord went about to corrupt Pedro Arias de Auila the Kings good seruant finding him firme and constant he handled the matter so as the Archbishop of Siuill by slanderous and falce reports did excite the credulous King in such sort a-against him as he committed him to prison beeing sore hurt and caused him to bee shut vp in the base court of the castle of Madrid And not contented therewith the King went expresly to Segobia thinking there to surprise the Bishop of the same City called Don Iohn de Arias brother to Don Pedro but the Bishop hauing notice of what was done to his brother retired himselfe thence wherefore the King seeing that he was escaped dissembled his intent neuerthelesse all honest people were greatly offended to see the King without discretion to oppresse his faithfull seruants and not dare to lay hand vpon rebels The Deputies of the townes and the captaines of the communalties made meanes for Don Pedro's deliuerance which the King granted all men beeing pleased therewith except the confederates who neuer left practizing with the King till they drew him to condiscend to goe along with them to Playsance there to conferre with more ease and better commodity which beeing allowed of by diuers of his councell hee would needs depart thence with the Queene his wife the
battaile the Duke againe asked the same question and was againe by him answered in the same manner and if they doe so quoth the Duke I will giue you ten thousand Marauedies of yeerely rent The Knight accepted the offer and gaue him great thankes and was staied their vntill the Kings whole army arriued to the end that he might see it Now the Duke had notice that halfe the confederates forces were not ioyned and therefore he was the more curious to vnderstand their resolution but soone after there came vnto them the Admiralls troupes with those of the Archbishop of Siuill of the Earle of Playsance and his daughter the Countesse of Belalcaçar they themselues remayning at home in their owne houses whilest these things were a doing the Marquis of Villena who was a great vndertaker and very pollitike in all his enterprises hauing drawne the prior of Vdes and the thirteene Electors of the order of Saint Iames to Ocagna The Marquis of Villena D. Iohn de Pacheco causeth himselfe to bee chosen Maister of Saint Iames. he caused himselfe to be chosen Maister of the same order in cannonicall manner without the councell aduise or consent of King Henry Prince Alphonso nor the Sea of Rome and without any approbation of the Estates of the Kingdome and intituled himselfe Maister of Saint Iames to the great admiration of the Earle of Benauent who laied claime therevnto by reason of the Kings promise yet in processe of time the Marquis Don Iohn de Pacheco was confirmed therein by the Pope The confederate Knights who were within Olmedo with the Infant Don Alphonso being assured that the Kings army came vnder the walles of Olmedo with intent to giue them battaile if occasion were offered came forth to fields to make resistance and then diuers messages and negotiations for peace were sent from side to side but to no purpose Amongst those which endeauored to pacifie matters and to keepe them from fighting was Don Pedro of Peralta 〈…〉 of Olmedâ— Constable of Nauarre whose daughter was married to Troylus Carillo of Acugna sonne to the Archbishop of Toledo all treaties ceassing the two armies made themselues ready to fight being deuided as the manner then was into sundry â—squadrons the one following the other the King was not there in person but the Infant Alphonso appeared armed at all points mounted vpon a strong braue courser riding from troupe to troupe encouraging his army The Archbishop of Toledo did weare vpon his armor a white stole poudered with red crosses leading a squadron of three hundred and threescore horse where Alphonsos standard stood and that day hee approued himselfe a better souldiar and man at armes then an Ecclesiasticall pastor for he was hurt in the left arme and yet for all that hee would not giue ouer fighting so long as he could sit on horse-backe the battaile beeing cruell and furious for the space of three houres inclining to neither side On the other side the Duke of Albuquerque behaued himselfe verie valiantlie but if he had not beene rescued in time by his father-in-law the Marquis of Santillana he had remayned a spoyle to the Knights which had conspired his death who did furiously poursue him but he freed himselfe very nobly and slue with his owne hand D. Fernand of Fonseca who dyed within foure dayes after Those which write of this battell fought in the yeare 1467. 1467. two and twenty yeares and three moneths after another fought in the same place An vncertaine victorie do not certainely affirme whose side got the victorie for they of the Kings part tooke Don Alphonsos standard with Don Diego de Melo that carried it who was sore hurt the Standards of the Earle of Plaisance and his daughter the Countesse of Belalcaçar those of the Arch-bishop of Seuill and Don Garcia of Padilla who conducted the troupes of the Marquis of Villena Master of Saint Iames then absent fell likewise into the Kings power diuers Knights of these bands were slayne and about threescore and tenne taken among whome was the Earle of Luna and likewise Don Henry Henriques third sonne to the Admirall Don Frederick The Confederates also tooke King Henryes banner although it was not displayed but found wrapt vp among the baggage a great part whereof they brought to Olmedo and besides that they tooke seauen other standards they slue two hundred and eight horse-men and tooke more than foure hundred prisoners and yet for all that the one side as well as the other published the victorie for his owne and bone-fires were made in token of ioy as well at Medina del campo as at Olmedo All men affirme that they fought there in great disorder and in manifest contempt of all martiall discipline the footmen on either side were rascally people who thought vpon nothing but pillage or flight The King who was absent from the Battell hauing gathered his people together made the same night a triumphant entrie into Medina del campo giuing rest to his souldiers who had need thereof the guard of the towne beeing committed to the inhabitants against those which held la Mote The Ensignes and Standards which were won were carryed by the councell of the Bishoppe of Calaorra against the Kings will into the Church of Saint Andrew and there left The victorie published and beleeued generally to bee on the Kings side drew diuers Lords to his seruice neuerthelesse others did ioyne themselues with the Confederates in the number of whome was the Earle of Alua whome the King had a long time expected in vaine hoping to meet him at that encounter who receyued of the Arch-bishop and the Marquis the townes of the Arch-bishops bridge and Montalban for the which he was greatly blamed The Master of S. Iames who was absent from the battell being come from Ocagna to Olmedo was greatly discontented that they had fought and did greatly complaine of them that had giuen consent thereunto Certaine dayes after Antonio de Veneris Bishop of Leon arriued at Medina del campo sent as Legat from the Pope and the Consistorie of Rome The Pope sends a legâ—te to treat of peace with ample authoritie but no way limited especially to treate about the pacifying of the warres of Castile king Henry receyued him very honorably and with great modestie and reuerence to the Sea of Rome from whence he was sent he did answer his Legacie telling him neuerthelesse that he doubted his iourney would prooue fruitlesse because of the rebels obstinaciâ— First of all the Legate enioyned both sides vppon paine of excommunication to lay by their armes for one whole yeare to the end they might the better treate of peace but the Confederates thinking that these State-matters and temporal differences were no game for the Pope The confederat Lords contemn the censures made no account of Ecclesiasticall censures in that point It was thought fit that the Legate should conferre with the confederate Lords betwixt Medina and Olmedo
Gentleman In this meane equipage he arriued in the territories of Don Aluaro of Estuniga Earle of Plaisance who with the Countesse his wife did intertaine him very honorably according to his degree much compassionating his miseries and aduersities wherewith beeing mooued they comforted him as much as lay in their power but it stood him in no stead against the power and obstinacie of the Master of Saint Iames. This yeare 1468. died Don Fernand of Buxan An. 1468. Bishop of Siguenâ—a the Deane of the same Church named Don Iohn of Madrid Contention for the Bishopricke of Siguenta seized both vppon the goods of the partie deceassed and vppon the Cittie likewise and hauing learned that a good Bishoppricke is a thing worthie to bee desired hee caused himselfe to bee chosen Bishoppe by the Chapter strengthening himselfe with the partie of Don Alphonso and the Confederats but Pope Paul the second reiected this election and gaue the Bishoppricke to the Cardinall Don Iohn de Mella Bishoppe of Zamorra who poursuing the possession thereof by armes the Deane not obeying and appealing from the Pope to a Councell dyed Then the Pope bestowed it vppon Don Pero Gonçales of Mendoza Bishop of Calaorra the kings loyall and faithfull seruant and excommunicated the Dean and his Chanons graunting their benefices and Prebendshipps to others For all this the Deane would not yeeld but made greater resistance than before notwithstanding that the King offered him if he would leaue the Bishoppricke of Siguença to giue him that of Calaorra with the Abbey of La Huerta to boot Now seeing that neither right force threatnings nor kind and louing proffers would preuayle with this Deane a polliticke deuise was thought vppon for they practised with an houshould seruant of the Deanes named Gonçal Brauo who on a night shold find meanes for Pedro d' Almaçan Captaine of the Castle of Atiença to scale the fort of Siguença where the Deane and his brother were taken and brought to Atiença The Bishop Don Pero Gonçales hauing notice hereof poasted thither in all hast and made himselfe Master of the cittie and fort the King confirmed to Pedro of Almaçan the Captaine-shippe of Atiença and the Pope gaue him a good Channonrie in the Church of Siguença in recompence of the good seruice which hee had done to the king and the Apostolike sea of Rome In the meane space that these Ecclesiasticall businesses were mannaged with such violence the Earle of Plaisance had oftentimes treated with the Marquis and the Confederates in the Kings behalfe that the matters agreed vpon at Coca and Segobia might be performed but they had no desire thereunto Wherefore hee sent vnto them a gentleman of his named Pedro d' Ontiberos to draw them to some conclusion beeing then at Aâ—eualo with the Prince Don Alphonso This Gentleman brought backe no answer for after that hee had negotiated with the confederate Lords as hee returned towards Plaisance hee was vppon the way assayled and slaine by Gyles of Biuero the quarrell beeing about their wiues and at the same time Garcia Mendez of Badajos one of the Kings Captaines was slayne at Burgos by the people for as he had made warre vppon the inhabitants Garcia Mendez de Badaio slaine in Burgos who held the part of the League his friend Pedro de Maçuelo drew him into the towne to conferre together about the peace his death did greatly displease his friends and other good men but the rude and tumultuous people could not be contained within any bounds Pope Paul hauing notice of the small respect which the Confederates in Castile had made of his Legate Don Antonio de Venerie Bishoppe of Leon was highly displeased therewith but hee wrote neuerthelesse to King Henry aduising him to pardon his rebels if they did acknowledge their faults and returne to his obedience comforting him besides concerning his aduersities by examples drawne from the holy Scriptures to the same purpose he sent likewise a briefe to the Confederates enioyning them vpon paine of his curse no longer to call Don Alphonso King but to acknowledge King Henry for their naturall and lawfull Prince and to craue his pardon The Confederates sent the Abbot of Paraces and the commannder Fernand d'Arze the Infants Secretarie to the Pope to giue him reason for what they had done and to informe him of the iustice of their cause but for certayne dayes space the Pope would not suffer them to enter into the Cittie of Rome At the last vppon their great and earnest intreaties to haue audience they were permitted to enter vppon this condition that they should haue an especiall care in any of their speeches not once to name Don Alphonso King Hauing deliuered their message they were by the Pope sharpely reprehended who threatened them and the Confederates more bitterly than hee had done by his briefe and it is reported that in a Propheticall spirit hee declared the death of the Infant Don Alphonso to be neere after which hee told them they would find themselues greatly perplexed with such like speeches the Ambassadors returned into Spayne The Cittie of Toledo taking part with the League the Secretarie Aluar Gomes of Cité reall commaunded therein Seâ—â—tion in Toledo who stood excommunicate by reason that hee was one of the chiefe of the League it happened vppon a day that he came into the great Church at such time as the Priests sang diuine seruice who perceyuing him presently left off their singing but hee sent vnto them and commaunded them to go on which they refused sending a certaine Clearke to him who vsed many proud words wherewith a souldiar of Don Aluars trayne beeing mooued drew his sword and thrust him thorough the bodie so as hee fell downe dead in the place whereupon arose such tumults and seditions in the Cittie as after diuers murthers burnings and other execrable outrages the Cleargie and their partakers remayned masters of the cittie chasing away and banishing the opposites Then they sent the Licenciate Don Fernand Calderon with a message to the Infant Don Alphonso to intreate him to allow of that which they had done and to request him to graunt vnto them the goods which they had seized on and taken from those which were slayne in the tumult The Prince hauing heard the demaunds of those of Toledo Magnanimitie and iustice of Don Alphonso albeit hee was but very young made them a noble and iust answer First he shewed the Licenciate that it did very ill become him who was a learned man and therefore ought to be wise to be employed in such a message then detesting the outrages of the Toledains he told him freely that hee would neuer authorize their wickednesse nor giue away other mens goods so vniustly the Licenciate replyed and told him that he vndertooke that message with a desire to do him seruice and for to acquaint him with the good affection which those of Toledo did beare vnto him who would not fayle to reuolt
thousand Florens The King Don Iohn hauing notice of this defeate came by sea with a great army alongst the coast of Ampurias blind as he was who no sooner set foote on land but miraculously he receiued his sight Hauing ioyned his forces with those of the Prince his son he marched couragiously against the French which were in the towne of Denjat who putting no great trust in the place nor yet to the inhabitants thereof they dislodged and withdrew themselues to Perpignan which by reason of engagement was at that time in the possession of king Lewis where the Duke of Calabria hauing left his army returned into France to make new leauies The King of Arragon lodged his armie round about Figuera and there wintered These things were done in Arragon at the same time that the battayle of Olmedo was fought betwixt King Henry of Castile and the Lords of the League aboue-mentioned The Duke of Calabria beeing afterward returned to Perpignan with a fresh supply of ten thousand men obtayned from King Lewis the eleuenth marched foorth with his forces to assayle the enemies King Iohn on the other side departed from Figuera and presented himselfe in order of battaile within two miles neere to the French but it is not knowne vpon what occasion he departed thence to beseege the towne of Peralta where hauing begunne a furious batterie and alreadie made a large and sufficient breach to assayle it the Duke of Calabria came suddenly and vnlooked for vppon him in the night not being heard nor perceyued by the Sentinels which slept Arragonois surprized by the French who cut in peeces the first court of guard that he mette with and entring furiously into the quarters and lodgings of the beseegers he did strike such a terrour amongst them as euery man leauing all that hee had behind him they all betooke themselues to flight in great disorder The King escaped bare-headed gallowping apace towards Figuera neuerthelesse there were some which put themselues in defence by whose valour the artillerie and munition was saued and the French-men beeing retired they held a forme of a seege vntill that the King with greater forces was returned to Peralta the which in the end he tooke The Authors do greatly prayse the valour of a certaine Knight of Guipuscoa named Don Iohn de Gamboa in this nightly skirmish who with his own hand slue three French-men at armes who hauing his horse slayne vnder him in the presse did yet notwithstanding saue himselfe hauing receyued eleuen wounds Lewis of Mudar a Castillan Knight is likewise remembred for his valor in this fight where Scipio Patella the Sicillian mentioned heretofore beeing a wise and valiant Knight was slayne fighting couragiously The French beeing victorious not caring for Peralta returned to the seege of Girona which without any difficulty they tooke After this Duke Iohn of Calabria beeing come to Barcelona to take order for the affaires of the warres was tormented with a burning pestilentiall feauer whereof hee dyed this yeare 1468. to the great griefe of those of Barcelona An. 1468. and extreame trouble of their affaires Now let vs returne to Castille Castile where the Princesse Izabella beeing discontented with the marriage which was treated of betwixt her and the King of Portugall sollicited hereunto by the Arch-bishoppe of Toledo shee came to speake with him at Yepes where by the perswasion of her master-Pantler named Don Guttiere de Cardegna he consented that shee should marry Don Fernand Prince of Girona the eldest sonne of Arragon and heire to the same Crowne who was by the King his father in fauour of that marriage entitled King of Sicill much about the time of the Duke of Calabria's death wherby the affaires of King Iohn beganne to prosper the better for the French hauing lost their head retired themselues to Perpignan by meanes whereof the armie of Arragon had leysure to scoure the coast of Ampurias the Castle of which towne with other places yeelded themselues so did Girona and Don Iohn Ferrier Bishoppe thereof with the Vicount of Cabrera Martorella and soone after Saint Felix Palamos and Vergues with diuers Lords and Prelates who demaunded and obtayned pardon for their rebellion Whilest King Iohn was in the same countrey Don Alphonso of Arragon his Bastard-sonne did greatly molest the Barcelonois forraging their tetritorie with a thousand horse and fiue thousand foot-men At this time the Estate of Nauarre was not very quiet Treaty of marriage betwixt Donna Izabel and Don Fernand for the factions of Grammont and Beaumont raigning in the countrey the Earle Gaston of Foix husband to Donna Leonora heire of the kingdome who did gouerne it perswaded himselfe that hee ought to enioy the kingly title with all other rights and preheminences of the same wherefore strengthening himselfe with the Beaumontois faction whilst his father-in-law King Iohn was busied in the wars of Cattelogne he possest himselfe of diuers strong places of Nauar and newly beseeged Tudele whereof K. Iohn being aduertised vpon the good hap of his affaires in Cattelogne he brought his army thither which was well exercised in the former wars to succor those which took his part but before he came thither Don Lewis seized vppon the Cittie of Pampelona the Inhabitants whereof were for the most part followers of those of Beaumont Diuers histories of small authoritie make mention that this Earle of Lerin made sharp warre not onely vppon the Nauarrois of the other Faction but also vppon the Arragonois running on euen to Iaca and Exea belonging to the Knights hauing for companion in his counsells and enterprises Charles of Artieda hee tooke from the Constable Don Pedro of Peralta the towne of Andosilla and from Don Inigo of Estuniga Earle of Nieua that of Mendauia then hee tooke Artaxona and Olito with many other places and did many other great exploits by reason that hee held the cittie of Pampelona disposing of it as if hee had beene Lord and master At the same time also there was mention made of a famous theefe called Sancho Rota Sancho Rotta a famous tâ—eef Death of Q. Ioane of Arragon whose retreate was in a mountaine neere to Tudele called las verdenas del Rey who with thirtie horse that hee kept ranne into the country of Arragon bringing from thence great store of pillage vsing all such well as hee tooke prisoners To suppresse the insolencies done as well by him as by the Earle of Lerin the people of Iaca and the Nobility thereabouts made shew of entring into Nauarre but the Earle of Lerin sent a great number of souldiers to meete with them conducted by Charles of Artieda Machin de Gongorra Lord of Ciordia Iohn d'Ayanc and Fernand d'Aranc who meeting with the Arragonois neere to Sanguessa at a certaine bridge vppon the riuer of Arragon they lighted from their horses thinking to fight with greater aduantage on foote and comming to handy-strokes they did hinder the Arragonois passage and
sworne to by the King and the Princes and that for the peace of the Kingdome all crimes and offences how heinous soeuer should be generally pardoned that had beene committed til the Kings present comming into the country re-establishing by full power and royall authority euery man in his honor goods and reputation reuoking and adnulling all sentences and proceedings made to the contrary That all places townes and castles which had beene taken from one an other all offices as wel Ecclesiasticall as secular vsurped since the taking of the castle of Morillo should bee restored to the first lawfull possessors thereof within the terme of seuen monthes excepting the moueables and frutes which were spent reiecting al guifts grants and ingagements made by the King Princes or any other Neuerthelesse herein was not to be comprehended the differences betwixt the Earle of Lerin and Lord Iohn of Beaumont and Charles de Artieda against D. Pedro of Peralta Constable of Nauarre and the Marshall of Nauarre who were enioyned to submit themselues to the Kings obedience within twelue daies after the publication hereof to the end to determine those strifes by way of Iustice vpon paine doing the contrary to be held as contumelious rebels and for such to be pursued and punished as disturbers of the publike quiet That all those who had beene wrongfully imprisoned since the surceance made by the Archbishop of Saragossa the Kings sonne in his name and the Princes should bee released and set at liberty paying their charges That the truce granted by them or their captaines should bee kept as well to strangers as the naturall subiects both in their persons and goods That whatsoeuer had beene taken and retaken to the preiudice of the same truce should be restored and deliuered without other ransome then paying their expences that the promises and obligations made in writing or by word of mouth betwixt the naturall subiects by reason of such prises made since the surcease should be of no effect and the Ecclesiasticall ordinaries should bee admonished to absolue them from their othes made in that behalfe enioyning euery one to set the prisoners at liberty within fifteene daies and not to ganesay this present treaty vpon forefeiture of two thousand royalls of gold to the Kings coffers As concerning the castle of Leguin belonging to the Prior of Rounceual which had beene taken before with great store of goods belonging as well to the prior as the Monastery they who had taken the same goods were enioyned to restore them or the value thereof seeing the Prior had alway beene a faithfull seruant to the King and the Princes That the King and the Princes should sollemnely sweare to cause all the heads and Articles aboue mentioned to bee effectually obserued and kept in euery point These things agreed vpon were published in the castle or pallace of Olita vpon Thursday the thirtith day of May in the yeere 1471. and were receiued by the secretary Iohn of Saint Iordi the Bishop of Oleron taking the oth with promise made by the Princesse Donna Leonora to cause the Earle her husband to confirme these Articles an authenticall coppy whereof sealed with the Earles seale she would send to the King her father At which were present the Bishop of Oleroni Pedro Lord of Ros the Earles Ambassador Frier Bernard Hugh de Rocabertin captaine of the Castle of Amposta Roderigo de Robolledo Gomes Suares of Figueroa and Iohn Payes the Kings Vicechancellor After that the Princesse hauing ample procuration from her husband dated at the Bathes of Caudes Aigues in the valley of Dosan sworne in his name to the Bishop of Oleron to obserue the aboue named couenants in the presence of the captaine of the castle of Amposta Iohn Payes the Vicechancellor and D. Fernand of Baquedan vickar generall of the Church of Pampelona All these capitulations were not of force to cease the troubles of Nauarre which continued along time after As concerning the affaires of Castile King Henry after resolution taken about the marriages of the Princesse his sister Castile and of Donna Ioane in Portugall beeing desirous to set downe some good some of gouernment in his Kingdome called a Parliament at the city of Ocagna where the deputies of the townes and communalties did meete except those of Andaluzia the great Lords of which Prouince were not well pleased with the dealings of the Maister of Saint Iames whereat the King was much mooued but most of al wheÌ„ he vnderstood of the marriag which was intended against his wiâ— betwixt the Princesse his sister and the new King of Sicil Fernand of Arragon which made him now more then before desirous to aduance Donna Ioane whom hee stâ—ll aduoâ—ved for his daughter notwithstanding he hated the Queene her mother by reason of her bad life which he himselfe had taught her wherefore with his owne hand hee wrote a letter to the Pope intreating him not confirme the succession of the Kingdome of Castile sworne to the Princesse Isabella but to grant it to Donna Ioane Hee wrote also to his agent at Rome Doctor Roderigo de Vergara borne in Logrogna and likewise to King Alphonso of Portugal to the end that he should make the like request to the Pope this was not done so secretly but that the Archbishop of Siuill had notice thereof who had it not beene for feare of the Maister of Saint Iames who delt in this businesse would willingly haue dashed that matter The King leauing Ocagna came to madrid where hee found Iohn Fernandes Galindo captaine and gouernor of the fort of Madrid and keeper of his treasures sicke to death at whose entreaty hee gaue the charge of the fort and of that which was in it to Andrew of Cabrera his Steward whom hee did dayly aduance and made partaker of his greatest secrets The city of Leon about that time had like to haue beene surprised by Diego Fernand de Quignones Earle of Luna but the practize being discouerd Aluar Garcia Citizen of the same towne with whom the Earle had intelligence was taken and beheaded as a traitor At the intreaty of the Maister of Saint Iames the King returned to Ocagna where hee gaue the title of Marquis of Villena to Diego Lopes Pacheco his eldest sonne Diego Lopes de Pacheco sonne to the Maister of Saint Iames made Marquis of Villena a braue knight who soone after Married the Countesse of Saint Stephen de Gormas daughter to Don Iohn de Luna Earle of Saint Stephen and grand-child to the Constable Aluar de Luna who was in the keeping of the Maister of Saint Iames who was at the same time confirmed in his Maistership by the Pope and possessed more riches then any Lord of Spaine The King of Portugall sollicited by King Henry about the marriage of the Princesse Donna Isabella sent his Ambassadors the Archbishop of Lisbone and two other Lords who were at the Court more then twenty daies without concluding any thing by reason that the
Princesse had placed her affection vpon Prince Fernand and so returned home leauing the King highly displeased with his sister who dissolued the Parliament at Ocagna not suffering the peeres to sweare to his sisters succession in the kingdome The assembly at Ocagna beeing broken vppe the king beeing very desirous to pacifie the Country of Andaluzia The King of Castiles voiage into andalaâ—ia which was full of dissentions hee went thither in person leauing for Viceroies in Valiodolit the Earle of Benauent and Don Pedro de Velasco with the President and Chauncery the Princesse Donna Isabella remayning at Ocagna who promised not to dispose of her marriage till the returne of the King and the Councell There went with the king the Mr. of St. Iames the Archbishop of Siuil the Bishop of Siguença and others of the councel but the Archbishop remained sick at Ciudad-real the king came to Iaen where hee was receiued entertained by the Constable Michael Lucas d'Irançu who protested to him that he would not suffer any one of the rebels in his traine to come into the city wherefore the Mr. of St. Iames to be accouÌ„ted one of the number staied at Osuna but Roderigo of Vlloa beeing more foolish hardy then the rest receiued the disgrace to be rudely repulst by the Constable who couched his launce against his brest sending him thence with many bitter speeches this Constable was very faithfull to the King his Maister D. Michaâ— Luâ—as de Iransu Constable of Castile a free and Generous Knight and was a liberall and generous Knight To Pedro Gonçales de Mendoza Bishop of Siguença and to the whole house of Mendoza who entred with the king the Constable gaue openly a singular testimony of their fidelity with a loude voice as they passed thorow the gate The King and the Lords of his traine were for the space of three daies feasted at Iaen from whence he went to Castro del Rio where D. Pedro of Cordoua Earl of Cabra met him with a thousand horse bringing with him his children and Martin Alphonso Lord of Alcaudete his sonne in law who were all of them faithfull and good seruants to the King With this company the King went to Cordoua wherein remained Alphonso de Aiguilar one of the faction of the Maister of Saint Iames the city gates were opened to him and Alphonso in recompence receiued certaine pentions betwixt whom and the Earle of Cabra had beene old grudges but the King went about to make them friends the Gouernment of Cordoua which in times past did belong to the Earle of Cabraes predecessors was giuen vnto him and the office likewise of Marshall Vpon a seditious petition presented by those of Cordoua mentioning that Peter Earle of Cabra and Martin Alphonso his sonne-in-law and Alphonso de Aguilar should deliuer vp certaine places belonging to the city and communalty of Cordoua held by them during the troubles it was determined that they should giue caution for the deliuery of them by a certaine day this was a tricke of Don Alphonso de Aguilar who stirred vp the people to constraine the Earle and his sonne-in-law to restore that which they had vsurped hee himselfe perceiuing that he could no longer hold the places which hee had taken during the trouble the which did greatly nourish and increase the hatred which the Earle and his sonne-in-law did beare vnto him Whilest the King lay at Cordoua there arriued Ambassadors from the French King Lewis the eleuenth the Cardinall of Albj beeing the chiefe the effect of his message was to breake the league betwixt the King of Castile and the English which was very preiudiciall to King Lewis his Maister After audience he obtained what he demaunded the Maister of Saint Iames working the matter who perhaps was a faithfuller seruant to the French King then to his Maister the King of Castile This yeere 1469. died Friar Lopes of Barjentes Bishop of Cuenca the Bishoprike of Leon beeing likewise voide Anthony de Veneris the Popes Legat had that of Cuenca and that of Leon was giuen to Doctor Roderigo de Vergara the Kings agent at Rome The Princesse Donna Isabella during the Kings stay in Andaluzia was ruled by the aduice of the Admirall and the Archibishop of Toledo and forgetting the promise which shee had made to the King her brother shee inuented meanes to surprise the towne of Areualo held in the name of the Earle of Playsance by Aluaâ—o de Beacamont with whom she practized but shee was disapointed of her purpose which was discouered by the Earle who preuented the Princesse and committed the captaine to prison The Earle possest this place as a pawne engaged vnto him for a certaine summe of money when the Infant Alphonso was chosen King The Princesse being deceiued in her hope came to Madrigall and from thence to Valliodolit vnto whom the King sent the Cardinall of Albit the French Kings Ambassador and the Archbishop of Siuill to possesse her with a distaste of Fernand King of Sicill which marriage did highly displease him fearing that by reason of the warres of Cattalonia and former matters betwixt him and King Iohn of Arragon his father some great losse might happen to Castile by that match The Cardinall and the Archbishop did their best and made offer of a marriage betwixt her and Charles Duke of Guyenne brother to the French King but shee made no account thereof persisting in her first resolution wherefore they returned backe without effecting that which they went about the king iournying thorough Andaluzia was continually sollicited by the Maister of Saint Iames vnto whom he could deny nothing to remoue and displace the captaines gouernors other officers of towns and castles to the end to place therein such as were of his owne faction This Maister of Saint gâ—â—iâ— out to displace the captaines of the gorrisâ—â—s in Anâ—â—â—zia and to plaâ—â—â—â—â—rei â—â—ch â—â—w â—â—at his deuotion which was granted to him at Eccia where hee displaced Martin of Cordoua and put in Doctor Garcia Lopes of Madrid one of his councel and Frederick Manrique and to recompence Martin he assigned him certaine pentions hard to be recouered And thinking to doe the like to Hernandes of Narbaez the old Gouernor of Antiquera he found himselfe deceiued for the Gouernor would not suffer the King to enter into his Fort with aboue fifteene men and the residew of his traine were constrained to take vp their lodging in the country villages thereâ—â—abouts These things did not displease the King who albeit he knew very well that it was an vniust thing to displace the captaines that had beene faithfull vnto him at a traitors motion yet he had not the courage to reiect the importunities of the Maister who would haue had his friend Alphonso de Aguilar to haue commanded in Antiquera The King being come to Archidonna had conference with a Moore of Malaga called Alquizote an enemy to the King of Granada who presented him with
brethren otherwise hee would come in person into Andaluzia and inforce him to doe it punishing him as a rebellious person wherefore the Marshall was released and sent to Baena who resenting this iniury wrote a letter to the King full of accusations crauing leaue of him to defie his enemy and to prouoke him to single fight thereby to constraine him to repaire and satisfie his honour and reputation The King hauing heard the messenger and read the letter would by no meanes allow of the combate because sundry disorders arise thereof as also for that those matters of Duell or single combate are contrary both to diuine and humaine lawes especially betwixt subiects belonging to one and the selfe same Prince who hath hath power and authority to bring them to reason by way of Iustice Duello granted by the King of Granadâ— to Diego of Cordoua against Alphonso de Aguilar herevpon the Marshall published infamous libels and declarations against Alphonso and he obtained free liberty of the King of Granado to enter the combate in his country assigning Alphonso to meet in the plaine of Granada and sending him a safe-conduct from the Moore King The day appointed for the fight beeing come Alphonso would not appeare wherefore after that the Marshall had made the acts and protestarions which are accustomed in in such cases about the setting of the Sun he tooke a picture representing Alphonso de Aguilar and hauing tied it to his horse taile with the face to the ground he gallopt vp and downe the plaine dragging it after him crying aloude This is the traitor Alphonso de Aguilar who durst not meet me in single fight nor venture his body against mine Then the King of Granado adiudged him a victor and condemned Alphonso diuerse draughts of that picture were afterward sent to sundry Lords and Knights of Spaine to Alphonso's great disgrace The city of Simancas The Admirall of Castlile surpriseth Simancas with the castle thereof were in this meane time surprised against the Kings authority by the Admirall wherewith the King was greatly troubled in regard that the Maister of Saint Iames was very sicke without whom he was not able to negotiate or resolue vpon any matter of importance This yeere King Lewis the eleuenth demaunded Donna Ioane in marriage for his brother Charles Duke of Guyenne whose Ambassadors were put in good hope that it should bee accomplished An other Ambassage was sent to King Henry from the same King Lewis to induce him to ioyne with him about calling of a councell against Pope Paul the second but his councell was of opinion that the King should not medle in a matter so displeasing to the Pope by whom and by the Sea of Rome his progenitors had beene alwaies fauored wherefore the Ambassadors were answered in this manner that the King would not harken to their request and that hee did wish King Lewis to desist from his purpose and to assure him that al the meanes of Spaine should be emploied for Gods vickar vnto whom King Henry besides the dignity which hee held was particularly obliged for that he had aided and comforted him in his troubles At the same time the Knights of Alcantara conducted by the treasurer Alphonso de Mont Roy rose in mutiny against their Maister D. Gomes de Caceres and pursued him to death so as after they had taken from him Badajos Alcantara and Valence of Alcantara they fought with him and ouercame him in battaile so as hee could neuer after raise himselfe againe his brother Guttiere Earle of Coria hauing for his succor demaunded souldiars of the Earle of Alua D. Garci Aluares of Toledo his father in law engaged to him the city of Coria for money to pay them who being gathered togither in great numbers their passage was hindred at the riuer of Taio by the dilligence of Alphonso de Mont Roy and the other Knights his aduersaries who brake all the bridges and sunke all the boates so as they could not passe wherefore they returned without doing any thing and Coria remained to the Earle of Alua. By this euill hap the Maister wholy ruined and in dispaire died soone after in great pouerty and misery the Maistership whereof was begged of the Pope by Donna Leonora Pimencell Donna Leonâ—r Pimentel Countesse of Playsance a woman of manly courage Countesse of Playsance for her sonne D. Iohn de Estuniga The King did willingly consent to the pursute of the Countesse whom he honored aboue all others and allowed and confirmed the Popes Bul. And albeit that the treasurer Alphonso of Montroy and the Knights did oppose themselues against such an irregular election the Countesse who had more then a womans heart tooke Alcantara with other places by force and delt in such manner as her sonne possest the Maistership and was the last that had the title of Maister of that Order Roderigo Bishop of Zamora at that time florished in Spaine for his learning but whilest the Prelats and Gouernors of the Church gaue themselues ouer to worldly greatnesse Spanish superstitions and to nourish and sow discord and diuisions Religion it selfe was mannaged according to euery mans deuotion There is in the Prouince of Guipuscoa in the mountaine of Aloya in the territory of Ognate a Couent of Friars the originall whereof began about this time for it is reported that a certaine herdsman called Roderigo Balcategui who dwelt in Vribarri keeping his goates vpon that mountaine went down the same hil into a rocky place which was nere to no high-way where he found by chance an Image of the Virgin Mary vpon a green thorn This seemed vnto him a wonderful matter because of the desertnesse of the place therefore he fell to saying his Aue Maries and other such like praiers as he had beene taught then night drawing on hee couered the Image with boughes and other things and went home to his village and told this great wonder The rumor thereof being spred thorow the towne of Ognate the Ministers of Iustice The people of Ognate superstitious the Clergy and the common people being guided by the shepheard went to the same place where they found in a hedge a very little Image of the Virgin Mary holding her Sonne in her armes before which they all kneeled downe and beganne to sing many songs and hymnes thanking God that had sent them so pretious a iewell thinking it a great miracle to haue found it in so desert and remote a place wherefore they consulted together about building a Chappell there and whilest prouision was made for the manner and matter of that building they resolued to enclose it with boords notwithstanding it was seated very discomodiously they not daring to vndertake to transport it from thence nor to build an house for it in any other place then where it first appeared and they named it the hermitage of our Lady of Arançaçu which is to say of the thorne the which in short time was held
some others the fortunate Infant Pride hinders the Infant Don Henry from his preferment in Castil was very proud the which hee shewed in Castile before his time which did greatly hinder his aduancement in that Kingdome Hee with his mother Donna Beatrice Pimentell Aunt to the Earle of Benauent arriued at Requegna from whence afterward the King hauing furnished them with all things necessary for their calling and place which they held the Maister of Saint Iames caused them to come to the Castle of Garcy Nugnos sending two of his Gentlemen to accompany them thither During the time that this Don Henry remayned there sundry Lords and Knights came to visit him diuers of whome because they would bee reputed ciuill and curteous offered to kisse his hand thinking that hee would not haue suffered it but hee keeping a great grauity presented his hand freely vnto them but one amongst the rest taking him by the hand sayd to him in derision my Lord you haue a very faire hand and so without kissing it let goe his hold whereat D. Henry was much offended The Maister of Saint Iames remayned at that time in Madrill being discontented with an accident hapned at Segobia Hee had sundry times solicited the king to commit the Castle and gates of the citty to his keeping alleadging that in that place Queene Ioane and her daughter might lodge more safely then any where else and that he should by no meanes giue the charge thereof to Andrew de Cabrera because he was assured that Beatrice of Bouadilla his wife was drawne to the Princesse party and besides that he being a Cattelan was an affectionate seruant to Prince Fernand all which was very true The King yeelded to the Maisters request Enterprise of the Maister of Saint Iames against Andrew de Cabrera captaine of the castle of Segobia But Andrew de Cabrera refused to dispossesse himselfe of the castle whereat the Maister beeing highly offended practised his ruine and thought to effect it by this practise He casued Diego Tapia and certaine other Gentlemen to come into the city giuing them charge to stirre vp the people whom he knew to be desirous to fall vpon the new conuerted Christians and to spoile them of their goods as they of Cordoua and other places of Andaluzia had lately done and they appointed that during the tumult some band of souldiars should force the Kings house and take both him and Andrew de Cabrera his Steward to make him deliuer vp the castle Diego de Tapia needed not to vse much labour to stirre vp the people who were ouermuch addicted to mischiefe wherefore it was concluded that at the ringing of a larum bell in the Church of Saint Peter de los Picos they should assaile the city in fiue sundry places on a sunday after dinner namely in the quarter of Saint Olalla in that of Saint Colomba Saint Martin Saint Iohn and that of Saint Michael appointing a squadron to goe vp and downe and to discouer in euery place of the city But it was the will of God that this complot came to the knowledge of the Legat who lay then at Guadalajara who forth-with reuealed it to the King the King sent word thereof to Andrew de Cabrera captaine of the sort to the end he should stand vpon his gard preuent this danger in the city Cabrera hauing secretly armed many souldiars and all the Conuerts which were fit to beare arms did so preuent his enemies as he slew and defeated most of them and Diego Tapia was shot through the body with an arrow The Maister hauing failed in his enterprise The Maister of Saint Iames failes of his purpose and fearing least some euill might betide him departed the same night from Segobia and came to the Monastery of Parrall to goe from thence to Madrid the King tooke the paines to come and visit him in the Monastery and vsed all the entreaties that he could to bring him backe but the Maister said vnto him that he had no confidence in Andrew de Cabrera nor his wife and that hee would neuer set foote in Segobia vntill such time as hee were possest of the castle wherefore the King returned to Segobia to pacifie and appease the tumult It is most certaine that the enterprises of the Maister beeing preiudiciall to an other were very dangerous to himselfe for his sonne-in-law the Earle of Benauent still bearing in minde how hee had preuented him of the Maistership of Saint Iames did keepe armed men in his house who were appointed to haue slaine him in that tumult wherefore hee did wisely to goe to Madrid whether neuerthelesse all matters being appeased the King and the whole Court came and namely the Earle of Benauent and thither were also brought the Queene and D. Ioane her daughter At Madrid there arriued a messenger from the Pope who aduertized the King that D. Pero Gonçal de Mendoza D. Pero Gonsal de Mendosa Cardinal of Spaine Bishop of Siguença was created Cardinall of the title of holy Crosse the which did greatly please the King who commanded him to be called the Cardinall of Spaine the which title hee vsed during his life and receiued many honors of King Henry In these times beganne the Order of the Religious of Saint Francis of Paul who was a Calabrian borne at a place called Paul who was drawne into France by King Lewis the eleuenth and died at Tours his Order called the Minims of Saint Francis was approued by Pope Sixtus this yeere 1473. and afterwards at the request of King Francis the first An. 1473. Order of Saint Francis of Paul of Queene Claude his wife and of Donna Louise of Sauoy his mother the Author was canonized by Pope Leo the tenth in the yeere 1529. of this Religious Order there are many Monasteries in Spaine diuided into two Prouinces King Henry beeing desirous to consumate the marriage betwixt Donna Ioane and his cousin the Infant Don Henry tooke councell therevpon of the Bishop of Siguença chosen Cardinall and of others of his councell and caused the Infant with his mother to come to Xetafa betwixt which place and Madrid he did see them and would willingly haue brought them to Madrid but the Maister of Saint Iames who did not allow of this marriage delt in such sort as they came not thither afterward the king hauing sounded the maister concerning this match Mariage of D. Ioane supposed daughter of Henry of Arragon broken by the Maister of S. Iames. hee did openly diswade him from it saying that he ought not to marry his daughter to any other then to a King or a mighty Prince and that if he were determined to giue her to Don Henry it behooued him then to leuie men of warre and to appoint for their pay more then twenty millions of Marauedis the King who had treasures in the Castle of Segobia said that hee would not want money and therefore hee sent the Maister and the
new elected Cardinall to Segobia to take out of the Castle such summes as hee appointed but the Captaine Andrew de Cabrera delayed them many dayes saying that hee would cause the money to bee told out but yet they did it not for indeed hee was seruant to the Princes and wholy contrary to the Kings will as concerning Donna Ioanes marriage and besides that hee would haue nothing to doe with the Maister whom hee deadly hated fearing that all that hee went about tended to no other end but to dispossesse him of his Gouernment In the meane time the Earle of Benauent who was coosin Germaine to to Don Henry perceiuing that chiefly by the practises of the Maister the mariage was delayed and incensed with an old hatred against him about the Maistership of Saint Iames had bitter words with him telling him that hee should better haue considered of matters and not to haue procured the Infant Don Henry to haue come into Spaine in a manner to deride him and vnder colour of lyes to abuse the King the Realme and the great Lords with many other bitter words which the Maister endured with patience The death of Don Alphonso of Fonseca Archbishoppe of Siuill did promote Pero Goncales of Mendoça Bishop of Siguença to that dignity vnto whom almost at the same time that his Bulls were dispatcht from Rome was the Cardinals Hatte presented And the King beeing solicited to prouide for the troubles and miseries of his kingdome hee did the same yeare one thousand foure hundered seuenty and three call the Estates to Saint Mary de Nieua whether came the Deputies of the Communalties and citties of Castile and Regions annexed to the same There were sundry exactions abolished which had beene leuied vppon the poore people by the Kings officers Taxes leuied by vsurpation vpon the poore people abolished and by subalterne Lords following his example as paiments for the Portes bridges taxes watching and warding and other such like impositions leuied without any lawfull cause vpon wayfaring men passengers and the inhabitants of places There was also granted to the King a certaine Subsidie of money At this parlament the Infant Don Henry and his mother Donna Beatrice Pimentell were present And then the Maister of Saint Iames bethinking himselfe of another pollicy by meanes whereof hee might get the citty of Segobia into his hands hee counselled the King to remooue the assembly of the estates to Segobia where more commodiously the affaires of the kingdome might bee managed The Maister of S. Iames his couetousnesse cut short and Donna Ioanes marriage concluded vpon the which assembly should bee there in safety vnder the faith and safeguard of the Marquis of Santillana whom hee perswaded to demand for the same purpose the Keyes of the gates of Saint Iohn and Saint Martin of the same citty of Andrew de Cabrera but Cabrera perceiuing very well wherevnto it tended and beeing resolued couragiouslie to oppose himselfe against the Maister of Saint Iames found many probable excuses and delayed the matter till some other determination was taken wherein hee was supported and fauoured by the new Archbishop of Siuill and Cardinall of Spaine who had secretly vnited himselfe to the Princes and was wholy against Donna Ioane In this manner the Maister was disappointed of his purposes to his great greefe who in like manner sought to surprise the castle of Toledo and raised such a tumult there as the King was faine to goe thither in person to appease it Impunity the nurse of all disorders but hee caused no enquirie to bee made for the ringleaders to that mischiefe to punish them according to their deserts by reason wherof euery man almost committed what mischiefe hee pleased without any feare of the lawes Whilest the king remained at Toledo the Marquis of Villena sonne to the Maister of Saint Iames came to doe him reuerence whom hee receiued with extraordinary kindnesse the Maister beeing then at Pignafiell with his wife the Dutchesse of Escalona And when the King returned to Segobia the Marquis of Villena followed him but he lodged without the city at the Monastery of Parrall because of the quarrels betwixt his father and Andrew de Cabrera the King went often to heare masse at this Monastery and to visit the Marquis As these matters passed the Princesse D. Isabella hauing intelligence with the Inhabitants of Aranda de Duero tooke that place which belonged to the Queene whereat the King merueilously storming Andrew de Cabrera put him in minde of the great tirannies of the Maister of Saint Iames and of his insatiable couetousnesse in getting of townes and cities and how hee had continually without any respect hurried and tired his royall person as hee himselfe very well knew and therefore hee perswaded him to be pleased that the Princesse his sister might safely come to the castle of Segobia where they might see one an other and conferre together which could not choose but bee exceeding profitable for the Kingdome and for all good men The King who was tender hearted and easie to bee carried away was pleased therewith and after that hee had heard the opinion of the Cardinall of Spaine and of the Earle of Benauent hee was more desirous of it and Donna Beatrice of Bouadilla wife to Andrew of Cabrera disguised in the habit of a country-man and riding vpon an asse went her selfe to Aranda to cause the Princesse to come to the castle of Segobia who beeing accompanied with the Archbishop of Toledo Enterview of King Henry and the Princesse Isabella his sister and others came thither and entred the castle in a morning before day where she was courteously entertained Her comming was on the sodaine the King beeing absent at that time from Segobia hunting in the forrest of Balsain who was hastned by Cabrera who did greatly suspect the stay of the Marquis of Villena at the Monastery of Parrall fearing that hee remained there to make some practise vpon him Now as soone as the Marquis of Villena knew that the Princesse was come to the castle of Segobia he dislodged in all hast and neuer left galloping till he was arriued at Aillon fearing to be taken The Earle of Benauent and Cabrera rode forthwith to the forrest to giue the King notice that his sister was come who returned to Segobia and after that hee had dined he came to the castle to see the Princesse to whom he vsed all signes of loue and friendship and sitting downe one neere to an other they talked a long while togither and at last the King tooke his leaue of her with many curteous ceremonies seeming to bee highly pleased The Maister of Saint Iames hauing intelligence of all these matters thought to prouide for his owne safety whatsoeuer should happen and therefore hee went to Cuellar to talke with D. Bertrand de la Cueua Duke of Albuquerque whether at his intreaty came the new Constable Don Pedro de Velasco Earle of Haro his father in
that hee would request King Lewis not to vrge him at so vnseasonable a time after his long and chargeable warres made against his subiects to repay the said summe which as then was impossible for him to doe muchlesse to sell the Earledome vnto him and wholy to alienate that which did belong to the crowne of Arragon And as for the suerties which he demaunded hee did not thinke it a reasonable request nor yet beseeming him who had God be thanked wherewith to pay his debts in time with this answere the Ambassadors were not satisfied as also by reason that those of Perpignan impatient of the French yoake beganne manifestly to rebell against them wherefore King Lewis sent forces into the county of Rossillon to chastice those of Perpignan who had constrained the Frenchmen dwelling amongst them to retire themselues into the castle from whence they shot into the towne with the Canon doing great harme therevnto King Iohn came thither in hast to appease this stire and endeauored by all meanes to perswade the people to obey the French promising them shortly to deliuer them from that trouble but they answered him boldly that they had rather suffer death then returne to the subiection of such Lords During these disputations King Iohn was on a sodaine beseeged in the towne by the French army which the Spanish Authors number to bee forty thousand who hauing enuironed it on euery side beganne to batter it without and within to assaile it from the castle so as it behooued the beseeged to be couragious and valiantly to defend themselues the Kings presence seruing them greatly to that purpose The seege continued foure monthes in the end at the report of Prince Fernands comming who vpon the newes of the French mens arriuall had leauied souldiars both in Castile Arragon and Cattalonia they raised their seege and retired themselues into France King Iohn and the towne beeing deliuered from this danger all men went out to meete the Prince and the father and the sonne embraced one an other with great ioy who came togither into Perpignan The King did againe entreat the Inhabitants to obey the French for a short time till he could otherwise dispose of his affaires assuring them that he would pay the French King his money and take them againe to himselfe They being obstinate refused it and requested him to giue King Lewis other pledges or else to suffer them to depart thence for they would willingly giue ouer their houses goods yea and their owne liues rather then to submit themselues to the vilde vsage of the French King Iohn seeing them so resolued left D. Lewis de Requesens for the Gouernor and with the Prince his sonne returned to Barcelona Before the Princes departure out of Castile there arose a great quarrel betwixt the Marquis of Santillana Castile Quarrel betwixt the houses of Mendosa and Pimentel and the Earle of Benauent because that the Earle possessing the towne of Carrion by the Kings permission the which hee had held during the former troubles had vildely and iniuriously intreated certaine Gentlemen which dwelt in the same towne who were neere in bloud and parentage to the Marquis who hauing notice thereof sent vnto him and desired him in regard that those Gentlemen did belong vnto him that hee would for reuerence due to the boanes of his ancestors spare and respect them the Earle made him a proude answere and said that hee would cause his ancesters bones to be taken vp and send them vnto him in baskets to the end he might bestow them safer with himselfe at Guadalajara amongst the rest of his progenitors The Marquis being iustly mooued hereat conspired with the Earle of Treuigno and others his friends and kinsfolkes to take that place from the Earle who had builded a new fort there the Earle of Treuigno hauing intelligence with the wronged Gentlemen his lands lying neere to Carrion he entred the towne with souldiars The Marquis of Santillana suâ—â—riseth the towne of Cariâ—â— and beseeged the fort and soone after the Marquis arriued with troupes of horse and foote as well of his owne tenants as those of the Constable Pedro de Velasco the duke of Albuquerque and others who supported him in this quarrell The Earle of Benauent hauing notice of what the Marquis had done and ment to doe came in speedily to Valiodolit and gathered his friends togither so as with the helpe of the Maister of Saint Iames his father in law who in this tooke his part hee found himselfe able to offer battaile to his aduersary but the King beeing accompanied with the Cardinall of Spaine brother to the Marquis and with the Maister father in law to the Earle did put himselfe betwixt them and handled the matter in such sort by the Cardinalls meanes as he hindred them from ioyning battaile and it was agreed that the towne of Carion should returne to the crowne and the Earle should haue the towne of Magaua in recompence which belonged to the Cardinall who to make them friends was content to dispossesse himselfe thereof and receiued other recompences for the same Prince Fernand when this quarrell beganne was ready to depart into Arragon and had leauied certaine companies of souldiars the which wich his owne person hee offered to the Marquis who gaue him humble thankes saying that he was strong enough to incounter a greater Lord then the Earle of Benauent and therefore hee besought him to preserue his person in safety that hee might in time to come reigne in Spaine and not to hazard it now when there was no need The Marquis afterwards returned to Guadalajara and went to Saint Christofers to visit the Princesse Donna Isabella who went forth to meete him hee offred her his seruice and all aide and assistance for the obteining of her right after the King her brothers death The Earle of Benauent returned into his owne possessions the King with the Cardinall to Segobia and the Maister to Cuellar but soone after the King with the whole Court and the Maister likewise came to Madrid where by the Maister his Councell it was thought fit that the Cardinall should returne to Segobia to treat with the Princesse and the Maister brought the King to Trugillo to cause the fort of the same city to be deliuered vnto him which hee had so importunately a long time begged but the Gouernor of that place whose name was Gratian de Sese would not consent therevnto nor obey the Kings commandment yet neuerthelesse hee hauing beene sollicited by the Maister with promise of great recompences hee beganne to negociate about the deliuery thereof but the matter being delaied the King who since his last sicknesse decaied in his health was constrained to returne to Madrid there to take his rest In the same place remained Donna Ioane in the keeping of the Marquis of Villena as for the Queene she was else where and lead a pleasant life without any shame at all In the meane time the Maister
of them and there died more of them drowned in the riuer who thought to haue escaped by swimming then were slaine by the enemies hands King Alphonso being not succoured by his sonne and perceiuing that resistance without order was to no purpose did retire himselfe to Castro Nugno where hee was receiued by the Gouernor of the same place whose name was Abendagno de Villa-reall in Alaua hauing once lost his royall standard which neuerthelesse was recouered againe thorough the carelesnesse of Don Pedro de Velasco and Pedro Vaca who for want of a good guard suffred the Portugals to take it from them he which did beare it was taken and beeing stripped out of his armor the King and Queene caused it to be hanged vp in the Cathedrall Church of Toledo in the Chappell of the last Kings On King Fernands side likewise died a great number of souldiars though vncertaine and the Earle of Alua de Lista pursuing his enemies ouer eagerly and beeing not well followed and seconded by his people was taken at the bridge of Toro The Prince of Portugall made his retreate towards night vpon a little hill and as well as hee could did gather together his disbanded troupes and then retired towardes Toro and if the Spanish captaines had gathered and kept all their forces togither they might as easily haue defeated all as some but diuerse of them were busied in stripping the dead bodies and others in pursuing the runne-awaies who beeing come to the gates of Toro the Earle of Guimaranes who was left there for the guard of the City fearing that the Spaniards who pursued them would haue entred pel mel with them would not open the gates for no intreaty of the Archbishop of Toledo who was the only Spanish Lord that was in that battaile nor yet for the cries lamentations which the poore hurt souldiars did make vntill such time as the Prince Don Iohn arriued with his troupes and then they were all let into the City but they were merueilously troubled when they perceiued that the King was missing but the Earle of Guimaranes beganne to make a most pittifull lamention shedding aboundance of teares and tare the haire from his head and beard and beleeuing for a certaine that hee was either slaine or taken hee did greatly reproach and raile vpon the Portugalls saying that they were traitors to their King and that they had basely and treacherously forsaken him But the Kings comming soone after and newes from him by letters to the Prince his sonne in the meane time did greatly comfort this Earle and all the rest of the army It is reported that after the losse of the battaile the King beeing at Castro Nugno The King of Portugall doth little apprehend the losse of the battaile fell a sleepe as hee sate at meate where at the Gouernor did greatly wonder who in regarde thereof reputed him a carelesse man and said that honourable Knights and souldiars did greatly wronge themselues in aduenturing their liues for such a King and yet this gouernour did still shew himselfe faithfull and constant in his seruice Queene Isabell in the meane time did remayne at Tordfillas who beeing aduertised by the King her husband of his victory shee caused generall processions to bee made giuing thankes to God after the accustomed manner and shee he selfe went bare foote to the Abby of Saint Paule without the towne and as well there as in other Citties belonging to the Queene great signes of ioy were made The seege of the Castle of Zamora did still continew after that without any empediment till Alphonso de Valence the Captaine thereof who was sonne in law to Iohn de Porras obtained his pardon by the intercession of the Cardinall of Spaine his kinsman The Castle of zamora yeelded King Ferdinands liberality and did yeeld it vp There was found in the Castle great store of siluer treasure iewells and other pretious mouables belonging to the King of Portugall which by King Ferdinands commandement were al restored vnto him who made Sancho d' Castile Captaine of the Castle after that he had ordayned and prouided all things requisite for the safety of Zamora hee came to Medina del Campo where the Queene met him This happy successe did daunt the courrages of all the Kings and Queenes enemies in so much as the greatest part of them employed all their meanes credit and friends to obtayne their grace and fauour The Constable obtayned pardon for the Maister of Calatraua and for the Earle of Vregna his brother vnto whom the Constable gaue one of his daughters in marriage The Arch-Bishoppe of Toledo beeing daily dispossessed of the townes and places belonging to his Arch-Bishopricke tooke leaue of the King of Portugall and withdrew him-selfe to Alcala de Henares beeing accompanied with a gard and conuoy of horsemen which did greatly hinder the Earle of Treuignoes enterprise who was sent by the King for to take him There remayned in Atiença a Captaine of the King of Portugalls side which did great hurt to the country round about who with his wife family and all his goods was taken in a night by a Knight named Garey Brauo who had entry giuen him by one of the Captaines seruants This prey amounting to better then tenne thousand ducaâ—ts was giuen by the King and Queene to this Knight who did in like manner take Camarena for their seruice from which place Iohn de Touar did commit infinite spoyles The King of Portugall finding that all matters fell out contrary to his desire resolued to returne into Portugall with an intent to craue aide of the French King Hee carried Donna Ioane his betroathed wife with him and left good Garrisons in those townes of Spaine which hee did possesse especially in Toro where Don Fancisco Cotino Earle of Marialua was left for Gouernour in Iohn de Vlloa his steed who dyed not long before by a suddayne accident Rodrigo of Caftagneda brother to the Earle of Cifuentes did hold Madrid for the Marquis of Villena beeing assisted by Iohn Sapata a Cittizen of the towne and a violent and bitter enemy to all those which tooke the King and Queenes part whome by all meanes he chased from thence He was cheefe of that faction In the number of those that were banished was Pero Nugnes of Toledo cheefe like-wise of those on the King and Queenes side who had retyred himselfe to the Duke of Infantasgo this man with others who were banished from Madrid hauing conferred with the Queenes people did thinke to surprise the towne by intelligence with some within the same Iohn Sapata at the first newes thereof left the Citty his owne conscience accusing him and threatning him with death for his many misdemeanors neuerthelesse the commander Pedro of Ayala a knight of the order of Saint Iames being in the Citty did defend it for a tyme and then did deliuer it to the Duke The Castle held two months for the Marquis Donna Isabell sworne heire to
no account and continuing in his former purpose the Kings commanded all their subiects that were in the Court of Rome to depart from thence and made protestations to the Pope that they would procure a generall Councell to bee called to redresse these and other such like disorders The Pope who abhorred that more then any thing in t the world Generall counsels abhorred by the Popes sent a Gentleman of Genoa whose name was Dominico Centurion for his Ambassador into Spaine who being come to Medina del Campo and crauing audience it was refused him and he was told from the Kings that because their Ambassadors were euill intreated and contemned at Rome they would not entertaine nor harken to the Popes therefore he should doe well and wisely speedily to depart from thence and concerning his owne person they would no farther assure it in their dominions then whilest he could returne towards Italy The Ambassador being amazed at this commandement did forthwith reiect the name and priuiledge of an Ambassador and besought them to hold him as their subiect for he was borne in their Kingdome The Kings in regard of this humillity committed him prisoner to the fort of Medina from whence soone after he was deliuered by the meanes of the Cardinall of Spaine When the Pope vnderstood what the Kings had done hee was content to let them enioy their antient rights and they made couenants and agreements together Couenants betwixt the Pope and the King of Spaine by the which it was decreed that the Kings of Spaines presentations to the Bishoprikes should from thence-forth bee admitted in the Court of Rome and they should be bestowed vpon such as had well deserued of the Spanish common-wealth and by this meanes it hath beene oftentimes seene that diuers good religious persons haue beene against their willes constrained to become Bishops as Don Pedro de Maluenda generall of the Order of Saint Ierosme who was enforced to take the Bishoprike of Coria and Doctor Don Tello de Buendia that of Cordoua Before we end this booke it shall not be amisse to returne to Nauarre where wee left the Cardinall of Foix Nauarre and his brother Iames of Foix much busied to ouer-rule the chiefe of the factions in that Kingdome They hauing had an answere of the States such as they desired and ordered the affaires of the country as well as they could came backe into Arragon before King Fernand went thence with whom hauing consulted they concluded that it was expedient that King Francis Phoebus should come into his Kingdome and enter it in armes and military Order as soone as conueniently he could before the peoples mindes and affections should be changed by any occasion that might happen wherefore as soone as they were returned into France they declared to the King and to Donna Magdaleine his mother what they had effected as well in Nauarre as in Arragon signifying vnto them that the chiefest hope consisted in in dilligence wherefore they sodainely assembled their friends and seruants from all partes and gathered togither a thousand or fifteene hundred horse and like number of footmen with which forces this young Prince accompanied with his mother and the Cardinall his vncle entred into Nauarre King Francis Phoebus entreth into his Realme of Nauarre where hee was receiued by the Nobillity and townes without any difficulty or resistance at all namely the Earle of Lerin albeit he was not pleased with his comming did deliuer vp the city of Pampelona vnto him considering that if he should doe otherwise the young King had the King of Castile on one side and the French King on the other mighty Princes and his neere kinsmen who would constraine him to doe his duty King Francis Phoebus in the month of Nouember the yeere 1482. made his entrie into the City where the three Estates were assembled he was there crowned and did giue and receiue the othes of fidelitie and good gouernment in the Cathedrall Church after accustomed manner in the presence of the Cardinall his vncle the Lords of his Kingdome the Princesse his mother accompanied with Ladies and Gentlewomen and by the Ambassadors of Castile France and from â—other potentates being at that time not aboue fifteene yeeres of age and the same day and many daies after tilts turneys and other royall feasts were there made in magnificent manner These matters being ended he went in person to visit the townes cities and fortresses as well to see the manner of the gouernment of the country as to receiue the particular othes of the captaines and gouernors to see iustice administred and to marke how firme and constant euery one was in his seruice Rules and orders for the â—ranquillity of the Kingdome of Nauarre and the better to prouide for the publike peace and quiet he commanded proclamation to be made by sound of trumpet both in his owne Court and ouer the whole Kingdome that no man vpon paine of death should any more vse the seditious names of Beaumont and Grammont And the more to gratifie the Earle of Lerin and to binde him more strictly to his seruice hee confirmed the office of high Constable vnto him which Peter de Peralta deceased had held in time before and gaue him moreouer Sarraga and other places which he had won from the Spaniards Viana excepted because it was the chiefe of the principallity and the title of the eldest sonne of Nauarre In the Cathedrall Church where hee was crowned he gaue guifts and graunted priuiledges namely to be free from lodging the letters whereof were dated at Tafalla in the month of Ianuary the same yeere he did gratifie in like manner other Lords Knights Churches Townes and particular persons with such moderation and equity as all men did admire so great wisdome in such young yeeres and did praise God that had giuen so good a King vnto Nauarre Titles of Lady Magdaleine of France In all which matters he was ruled by the wisdome of the Princesse his mother of the Cardinall his vncle and other persons of State and experience which were in his Court and neere his person Whilest in his nonage his mother the Princesse did gouerne the Kingdome shee vsed these titles in her letters We Magdalene daughter and sister to the French King Princesse of Viana gouernor and protectresse of our deere and best beloued sonne Francis Phoebus by the grace of God King of Nauarre c. This Prince was surnamed Phoebus because he was faire as the sunne among the starres and also in regard diuers of his race were of the same name Diuers marriages were procured for him but none was accomplished for he died fifteene monthes after he was crowned hauing but shewed himselfe to the world and sodainely vanished in the prime of his youth King Fernand his great vncle would haue married him to his second daughter Donna Ioane who was since heire to all his Kingdomes but the Princesse his mother following the counsell of
manned where Diego de Merlo Don Martin of Cordoua and Hernand Carillo remayned Captaines After that the armie was gone the King of Granado hauing notice thereof he did foorth-with returne backe to assayle Alhama and brought at this time no more engines of batterie with him than at the former but only a great number of ladders thinking in regard it was not yet thoroughly fortified nor rampired to take it by the multitude of his souldiers and at last hauing assayled it day and night without ceassing he earely in a morning scaled it in a place which was not thought vppon so as he put three-score and ten Moorish souldiers into it and had caused greater numbers to haue entred had not a souldier perceyued them and giuen the alarme wherefore the Christians running to that place did cut in peeces those that were entred and repulsed the rest who endeauoured to follow them The successe of those assaults was not according to king Muley Albohacens expectation therefore he went thence once againe with an intent to returne thither with artillerie In the meane space Queene Izabella hauing left the Admirall Viceroy of Castile marched with those forces which she had leauied towards Cordoua to meete the King being attended on by the Constable who refused to be Viceroy of Castile saying that warre and armes were the proper offices belonging to an high Constable of Spaine The Kings Councell did determine and almost conclude to raze the Cittie of Alhama Alhama preserued at the instance of Q. Izaâ—el inregard it stoode in the middest of the Realme of Granado and therefore very hardly to be kept but the Queene who was desirous to preserue it as the first conquest of her raigne did perswade the contrarie so as it was not ruined and order was giuen to assayle and take in all the sorts and castles nere adioyning The Kings came after that to Eccia Death of Don Alphonso Carillâ— where they receyued newes of the decease of D. Alphonso Carillo of Acugna Arch-bishop of Toledo who dyed at Alcala de Henares they procured the election to the same dignitie for the Cardinall Pero Gonçales of Mendoza the seuentith Arch-bishop of that Sea and Primate of Spaine and the Arch-bishoppricke of Siuile was giuen to Don Inigo Manriques Bishop of Iaen There were at the same time with the King Don Diego Hurtado of Mendoza Bishop of Palence the Masters of Saint Iames and Calarraua the Constable the Dukes of Villa-hermosa Infantasgo Medina Celi Albuquerque the Marquis of Villena and Cales the Earles of Vregna Cabra Treuigno Tendilla Cifuentes and Benalcaçar Don Alphonso d'Aguilar Don Henry Henriques great Master and the Kings vncle Iohn Chacon Roderigo of Vlloa Don Frederick of Toledo sonne to the Duke of Alua Don Iohn de Ribera Lord of Montmajor Don Alphonso of Cardenaz Don Antonio Fonseca Hernand of Vega with other Lords and Knights of great name Don Iohn of Estuniga master of Alcantara by reason of his young yeares was absent with his father the Duke of Plaisance With this companie the king departed from Eccia with eight thousand horse and great numbers of foot and came to Alhama the which they fortified with rampars bulwarkes and other sufficient defences and the king made Don Lewis Fernandes Porto Carrero Lord of Palma Gouernor thereof leauing him foure hundred horse the Cardinall did purifie and blesse the three Mesquites or churches with the accustomed ceremonies and dedicated them to other vses then the army began to ouer-run the country on euery side whilst the queene busied her selfe in prouiding victuals armes munition and other necessaries for the wars The Christian army being strengthened with new supplies did presently beseege Loxa and was lodged amongst the Oliue trees vallies and little hils neere to the riuer of Guadaxenil The Mooreking on his part lost neither time nor courage but fortified and desended the passages and streights by the which the enemies might assayle him and approch towards Granado sending to the Kings and Potentates of Affrica to aduertize them of the dangerous warre wherein he was ingaged intreating them for the religion common betwixt them for the honour of their nation for the equall danger which threatned them if Granado should be lost that they would come or send to his ayde and he did in the meane time oppose his owne forces against the Christians and on either part there were valiant incounters and skirmishes performed where neuerthelesse Don Roderigo Telles Giron Master of Calatraua's happe was hard who dyed beeing shot thorough the bodie with two poysoned arrowes The Moores make surious saâ—lies vppon the Christians and Don Garcia Lopes of Padilla was promoted to his place and was the last Master of that Order King Fernand beeing desirous to change and alter the seate and lodging of his armie to a more conuenient place there were sharpe skirmishes in the remoouing of the campe where the Constable receyued two wounds in his face the beseeged who were not aboue three thousand made continuall sallies vppon the Christians with such furie and brauing as it was to be wondred at and did oftentimes put the great Lords and Captaines which kept those quarters which they assayled in great danger of their liues committing notable spoyles vppon their troupes and the Duke of Medina Celi and the Earle of Tendilla did hardly escape with their liues beeing rescued by the forces of the Earle of Playsance which his sonne Don Franciso of Estuniga brought to their ayde the Kings owne person was likewise succored by Don Iohn de Ribera Lord of Montmajor assisted greatly by Don Fredericke of Toledo sonne to the Duke of Alua Don Antonio de Fonseca Don Alphonso of Cardenaz and Hernand of Vega. Such was the enraged hardinesse of the Moores as notwithstanding that they were beaten backe and streightly shut in by the valour and industrie of the Marquis of Cales The seege of Loxa raised yet they constrayned King Fernand to raise his seege and returne to Cordoua The souldiers which lay in Alhama hauing notice of what had happened and of the Kings retreate from before Loxa fearing that the Moores would returne to beseege them cryed out to haue the towne razed and ouerthrowne and to returne home to their houses but Don Lewis Fernandes Porto Carrero and Pero Ruis of Alarcon with others did oppose themselues against it and hindred it The king of Granado came thither the third time and did greatly annoy them but they valiantly defended themselues vntill K. Fernand came with succour to deliuer them from the seege who changed both the garrison and the Gouernour and left other souldiers there vnder the commaund of Dou Lewis Osorio Arch-deacon of Astorga and brother to the Marquis of the same place That beeing done the Christian armie did forrage burn and spoyle the countrie of Granado from whence they carried away much spoile and many prisoners to Cordoua Mahomet Boabdellin called the Little and the twentith king of Granado THe Christian
other honours belonging to a soueraigne Prince the which in the end bred his ruine After all these things the King being gon to visit the townes and fortresses vpon the frontiers of Galicia and countries neere adioyning D. Ramir Nugnes de Cuzman commeth into Portugal Don Ramir Nugnes de Guzman arriued in Portugall of whose quarrell to the Admirall of Castile and his sonne we haue amply spoken heretofore This Lord came to the Court at Saint Iren where hauing a time appointed him to come into the Kings presence as hee was going to masse in Saint Iames his Church he kneeled downe at the great doore with his traine and seruants the King presented him his hand to kisse with his gloue vpon it but Don Ramir thinking that the King did either contemne or scorne him and being a knight of an high and couragious spirit he did plucke the Kings gloue off and so kist his bare hand then the King said I could haue done that my selfe if it had pleased me but Don Ramir did not heare him in regard he was some-what deafe for this cause he was called euer after in Portugall El de la luba which is as much to say as He of the gloue Yet neuerthelesse the King vsed him very graciously and did assure him that he was in a place of safety and therefore willed him to be merry and not to feare any daunger at all Don Ramir gaue him many humble thankes and excused his boldnesse in plucking off his gloue beseeching him not to take it as done vnreuerently in regard it was the custome of Spaine to kisse the Kings bare hand Not long after done Ramir had some iealousie of the Marquis of Villareall a friend and kinsman to the Admirall of Castile King Iohn hauing notice thereof called the Marquis before him and told him that his pleasure was that Don Ramir should liue safe and secure in Portugall free from feare either of the King of Castile or any else and therefore if any euill did happen to him his life should answere it the Marquis answered that for him Don Ramir should liue in all safety and that he neither had not would procure him any displeasure But the Duke of Bragançaes death did displease diuers great Lords of the Kingdome of Portugall in regard whereof new conspiracies were made against the Kings life The chiefe of the conspirators were Don Garcia Meneses Bishop of Ebora and Don Fernand de Meneses his brother Don Lope de Albuquerque Earle of Pegnamaçor and Don Pedro de Albuquerque his brother Don Aluaro de Atayde and Don Pedro d'Atayde the father and sonne Don Guttiere Coâ—tino Commaunder of Cezimbra sonne to the Marshall and Fernand Selueyra who againe did draw Don Domingo the Duke of Viseo into their practises determining to make him King and they watched for a fit time and occasion to kill King Iohn who being at Setuball did discouer the treason by the relation of one called Diego Tinoco who knew it by the meanes of a sister of his who was concubine to the aboue named Bishop no lesse secret then chast and faithfull and this Tinoco came of purpose disguised in a Friers habit to disclose it to the King who in recompence of his good seruice gaue him fiue thousand Cruzados in ready money and sixe hundred thousand Marauedis of yeerely rent the which hee did not long enioy for soone after he died Within few daies after the King receiued the same aduertizement from Don Vasco Coutino vnto whom Don Guttiere his brother one of the confederats had reuealed it thinking that without any danger he might haue spoken it to him by reason that he was in disgrace with the King and ment to haue fled into Castile but he was therein deceiued for Don Vasco by this meanes made his owne peace was created Earle of Barba with hereditary right and beside the Castle of Estremos hee receiued many other aduancements The same day that the confederats should meete the Duke of Viseo at the Court the King hauing visited a Church neere to Setuball he went a boord of a little fisher-boot to see them take fish hauing with him onely foure of his faithfull seruants namely Fernand Martines Mazearenas captaine of the genets or light-horse Diego d'Almeida Don Iohn de Meneses and Don Ramir Nugnes de Guzman In the euening as he was returning to Setuball thirty of the confederates stood vpon the banke of the riuer with intent to haue executed their treason whereof the King being aduertized at his landing by a Groome of his Chamber named Anthony Faria who told him in his eare that it behooued him at that time to dissemble and to shew his Kingly courage expecting a fitter time and opportunity to punish them according to their deserts the King who could very well dissemble being leapt on horse-backe called the Duke of Viseo to him with a smiling and pleasing countenance and gaue him and the rest of the conspirators many gratious and louing words so as for that present they had not the hearts to proceed in their determinations in the meane time the King who was weakely accompanied went into a Church called Our Lady the Old wayting for his guardes arriuall and beganne to talke with them leaning his back against the wall the better to keepe his enemies from comming behinde him among whom was D. Vasco Coutino whom he called vnto him and made a shew to diuert him from going into Spaine the better thereby vnder collour of this talke to draw the whole conspiracy from him By these meanes it was Gods pleasure that the King should escape that daies daunger and returne in safety to his pallace Certaine daies after the King being more suffitiently aduertized of these Lords conspiracy against his person sent to commaund the Duke of Viseo who was then at Palmela with his mother the Infanta Beatrice to come to him to Setuball who forthwith did so not doubting any thing and he was no sooner arriued and come into King Iohns presence but hee was stabd to death with a poniard by the Kings owne hand The yong duke of Viseo slaine by King Iohns owne hand in the night in a Chamber in Don Nugno d'Acugnas house where the King then lay in the presence of Don Pedro Deça Diego d'Açambuya and Lopes Mendez with no other words but these You shall die and goe carry newes to the duke of Bragança in what state the treason stands which he beganne In this manner the Duke of Viseo died a young Prince of twenty yeeres old The Duke of Viseo seduced by Astrologians by following naughty counsell and giuing credit to the vaine predictions of Astrologers who had assured him that hee should bee King The Dutchesse his mother was by the King certified of what had happened who excused himselfe in regard that hee was constrained by necessity to commit so sodaine an execution and intreated her to beare it patiently and in some sort to comfort her the very
same night he called Don Manuell her other sonne into her presence who was more wise and discreet then his brother vnto whom hauing told the Dukes death and the causes wherefore he died hee gaue all that his brother did possesse and more and conferring with him with a fatherly affection hee promised to cause him to be sworne and acknowledged for Prince and heire to the crowne of Portugall after his death and Don Alphonso his sonne but hee would not permit him to name himselfe Duke of Viseo as his brother had done but Duke of Beja Lord of Viseo and Maister of the Order de Christus and hee made him Lord of the Isle of Madera and gaue him other lands The Duke was at the same time onely seauenteene yeeres of age A Spheare vpon the armes of Portugall and the King gaue him a Sphere for a diuise to beare in his armes the which the Kings of Portugall doe yet at this day beare in their armes and royall scutcheon the same was a lucky presage vnto him of the conquests and discoueries which were afterward made in his reigne and name vnder both the Poles the same was likewise fore-told by the Bishop of La Garde a great Mathematicien in regard of his Horoscope and position of the heauens at his Natiuity being in the yeere 1468. albeit that such iudgments are deceiuable and vnlawfull for the actions of Kings and the euents of all other matters depend vpon Gods onely Ordonance Now when the confederates vnderstood of the Duke of Viseos death and that their practizes were discouered each of them thought to saue one but all of them were not quicke enough for Don Pedro d' Albuquerque was taken as he fled towards Lisbone and Don Pedro d'Atayde at Saint Iren who were brought to the Court The like happened to the Bishop of Ebora and to Don Fernand de Meneses his brother and to Don Gutierre Coutino As for D' Aluaro D'Atayde who remained at Saint Iren accompanied with men at armes attending the successe of their businesse meaning to haue taken Donna Ioane surnamed the Excellent who was a Nunne from the Monastery of Saint Clare at Coimbra and to haue lodged her in the castle he fled away into Spaine and so did Don Lopes d'Albuquerque Earle of Pennamaçor with all his family D. Fernand de Silueyra hauing beene hidden by one of his father seruants A Seruants faithfulnesse who neither for grieuous threatnings nor for promises of reward from the King could euer be drawne to disclose him did likewise escape and fled into Spaine The King to iustifie the Duke of Viseos death and to giue notice thereof to all men caused his processe to be made after that he had slaine him and condemned the rest D. Fernand de Menses and D. Pedro were beheaded and quartered as traitors As for D. Guttiere Coutino he was committed to the tower of Auis The Duke of Viseos complices and conseâ—derates are executed for D. Vasco his brother who had reuealed much of the conspiracy to the King did a while prolong his life neuerthelesse hee did not escape nor is it certainely knowne how he died D. Garcia de Meneses Bishop of Ebora beeing prisoner in the castle of Palmela was found dead vpon the cesterne of the said fort and there is great presumption that his daies were violently shortned At the same time the Kings of Castile were at Siuill where receiuing newes that the conspiracy was discouered and imagining that the Duke of Viseo should bee committed to prison and that King Iohn would not haue proceeded against him so indiscreetly they hauing no notice of his sodaine death did send D. Inigo Manriques Bishop of Leon and Gaspar Fabro a Knight of Arragon Ambassadors into Portugall with instruction to entreate the King to saue the Duke of Viseos life if he were yet liuing and if he were dead to comfort the Dutchesse his mother who had beene the cause of the peace betwixt Spaine and Portugall The Ambassadors perceiuing the Duke of Viseo to bee dead did their best to comfort the sorrowfull mother and so returned into Spaine without speaking to King Iohn who neuer ceassed to pursue Don Fernand de Silueyra vntill hee had driuen him out of Spaine He was afterward slaine in Auignon by an Earle of Cattalonia who was likewise banished from his country but the French King had like to haue taken his head from his shoulders in requitall of his paines This Earle was afterward liberally rewarded by king Iohn for that he had rid him of an enemy The Earle of Pegnamaçor died in Castile D. Aluaro of Atayde liued a banished man during the life of King Iohn and in King Manuels time returned into Portugall By these seuerities King Iohn was feared of all his subiects in regard he had not spared those two great Lords who were of the greatest parentage in Portugall The yere 1485. the commons of Castile sent their Deputies and Commissioners to Orgas where D. Alphonso of Arragon An. 1485. Duke of Villahermosa lay Castile who was captaine generall of their Hermandades or brotherhoods and with him D. Alphonso de Burgos Bishop of Cuenca president of the royall Councel and Alphonso de Quintanilla who hauing propounded the great costs and charges which the Kings were at in following the Moorish wars did demaÌ„d a subsidy the which was very readily graated in regard they did see that it should be emploied in matters so worthy and proffitable for the commonwealth The Gouernors and captaines on the frontiers of Andaluzia would lose no fit occasion that might anoy the Moores who did all of them in a manner follow King Muley Albohacen Moores and had almost restored him to all his lands in Granado reuolting from Mahumet the Little because he had beene aided by Christian Kings so that they left him no other place of retreat but only the city of Almery from whence hee made cruell warre vpon the Moores which tooke his fathers part they meaning altogether to despoyle him of all rule and gouernment in Granado and perceiuing King Muley Albohacen to bee already old and vnfit for warre did elect a brother of his one of King Ismaels sonnes for their gouernour in Granado who was likewise called Muley Boabdalin who thinking it most necessary for the establishing of his Kingdome to ridde his Nephew Mahomet out of the world hee had secret intelligences with the chiefe men of his faction which were neere in credit about his person in Almery whom he induced by promises to deliuer their Prince and City into his hands at a certaine time appointed before which place Muley Boabdellin shewing himselfe they failed not to open him the gates they let him in vpon such a sodain as Mahumet hardly escaped with life but God gaue him meanes to escape leauing a young brother of his behinde him who was cruelly murthered by his enemies after the taking of which towne Muley Boabdellin openly and without
enemies as entring into the suburbes they made a pittifull slaughter of all those which could not soone enough get into the city against the which the cannon beeing planted the flankes and curtines were soone ouerthrowne and infinite numbers of houses perced thorow so as the Moores fearing to bee sooner forced by the enemies then succoured by their friends yeelded themselues and went forth of the towne with bagge and baggage Illora yeeldeth to King Fernand and without their armes The King gaue the garrison of Illora to Don Gonçalo Hernandes de Cordoua brother to Don Alphonso d'Aguilar who was afterward surnamed the great captaine The army after that marched to Moclin whether Queene Isabella came to ioyne with the campe at Loxa The towne had beene newly fortified with towers and bulwarkes more then in former times but the battery was made with such store of ordinance as nothing could resist it the Christians besides did vse diuers kindes of artificiall fiers the which did great hurt to the beseeged and burnt all their store of gunpoulder by meanes of a pot of this wild fire which flew in the ayre and did stick fast in a tower where the said poulder lay which was blowne vp into the ayre wherewith the Moores being amazed Moclin taken they did compound to depart with their liues and goods saued Moclin being taken part of the army was sent to beate Montefrio they were the troupes of Siuill Xeres and Carmona whilest the King with the residew thereof made spoile vpon the confines of Granado not without diuers incounters and sharpe skirmishes with the Moores who came forth of the head city The King being returned to Moclin the captaines of Montefrio and Colomera presented themselues vnto him demanding composition which was granted them and the Moores went forth of those two places to Granado with their goods but they left their armor weapons and victuals behind them All these places which were taken were rampired and fortified with good garrisons victuals and other necessaries and hauing left D. Frederike de Toledo sonne to D. Garcy Aluares of Toledo Duke of Alua captaine generall of the who country newly conquered the King and Queene returned to Cordoua Not long after they marched towards Leon to order the affaires of Galicia which was greatly troubled by the insolency of the Earle of Lemos who neuerthelesse appearing before the Kings did humbly craue his pardon and obtained it being fauoured by diuers great Lords of the Court Hee was notwithstanding enioyned not to enter into Galicia for a certaine time and the places of Ponferrada Sarria and Castro-real were taken from him and were applied to the crowne the Kings neuerthelesse giuing a certaine summe of money for the marriage of his aunts The Hospitall of Saint Iameâ— built by King Fernand and Queene Isabel for the releese of pilgrims These things thus ordered the Kings went to visit Saint Iames his Church in the which city they builded a goodly Hospitall for the releefe of the poore and of pilgrims from thence fetching a circuit round about the country of Galicia they redressed diuers tyranies which were there committed restoring diuers monasteries and Churches which were by force dispossessed of their goods lands and reuenewes by certaine Knights and Gentlemen To containe whom and all others in their duties they established a Iudgement seate of foure Auditors which was the beginning of the Royall Audience of Galicia and they confirmed Don Diego Lopes Earle of Haro in his dignity of Viceroy of the country as he had beene in time before And the better to procure the peace of the countrey Mâ—tinous and quaâ—re some 〈◊〉 sent forth of the Country vnder coâ—tlar of other imployment they caused diuerse strong houses to be ouer-throwne and razed to the ground which serued for the repaire of theeues and robbers and carried away with them out of Galicia diuerse mutinous and quarrellous Gentlemen to the end they should employ their strength and courage in the warre against the Moores The Court beeing returned to Benauent the Earle shewed himselfe very liberall and magnificent in the entertainment of the Kings and the great Lords from thence they came to Salamanca where they spent the remainder of this yeare 1486. It hapned this yeare in the towne of Trugillo that the Iudge or Corrigidor of the place hauing laide hands vpon a Priest for committing some notorious crime and not sending him so one enough to his ordinary Iudge Mutiny vnder shâ—w of religion the prisoners kins folke hauing taken a Crosse in their hands ranne vp and downe the Citty crying out for helpe and said that the holy Catholicke faith was trodden vnder foote the which did so stirre vp the brutish multitude as they ranne to take Armes and came in tumultuous manner to the Corrigidors lodging who was glad to make hast to deliuer the prisoner whereof the King and Queene had notice who were greatly displeased with such seditions and sent certaine Iudges and Commissioners to Trugillo with forces who executed diuerse of the mutiners according to lawe This yeare Christopher Colombus borne at Cugurco vpon the riuer of Genoa came to the Court of Castile The first comming of Christopher Colombus to the King and Queene of Castile who made offer to search the Occidentall Ocean where hee did vndertake to discouer a great land riche and aboundant in gold and other commodities crauing ayde of the King and Queen of money and shippes to furnish him out on such a voyage Colombus was a man very expert in Nauigation and vntill that time hee had gotten his liuing by making Sea Cardes Hee beeing married and dwelling in the Isle of Madera a shippe of Biscay which had for many dayes beene driuen vp and downe by tempests and cast vpon the same coasts whereof hee did then speake did happen to arriue in the Island Colombus brought the Pilot thereof and three other Marriners home to his house who hauing endured much misery at sea did there dye and in recompence of their kinde entertainment they did amply informe their hoast whereabout these lands lay and with what windes a man might saile thether Colombus being a man of a quick apprehension and great courage came to King Iohn of Portugall hoping to perswade him to vndertake that Nauigation offering him his seruice therein and after that to King Henry the seauenth of England in the end to Don Henriques de Guzman Duke of Medina Sidonia and to Don Lewis de la Cerde Duke of Medina Celi who held commodious Hauens in Castile beseeching them to ayde him in so worthy an enterprise but all his trauaile was to no purpose for they esteemed him as an Italian who by bragges and vaunts of matters which hee knew not endeuoured to releeue his pouerty Now this yeare hee came to Court with letters from Frier Iohn Peres de Marchena one excellently learned in all humane learning who dwelt at Rauida which gaue good testimony of Colombus
remaining in the Citty fortifying himselfe in certaine places King Muley vnderstanding of Don Fredericks comming sent to offer him battaile but hee would not accept thereof saying that the Moores feigned to haue quarrels among themselues by that meanes to entrappe him and his soldiours and to enclose them wherefore keeping his forces in good order without stirring hee placed the Moores horsemen ledde by Aben-comix in the Front to sustaine the enemies skirmishes which were furious and bloudy King Muley Boabdelin el Zagal perceiuing that the Christians kept themselues in order and that by no meanes they would come to battaile hee did re-enter the Citty and began to assaile the Albaycin which was couragiously defended in regarde that Don Frederick stayed more then an houre after in order of battaile before the Citty but afterward hee returned into his Fort leauing the Moores to murther one another and because hee knew that vpon Mahomet the littles victory King Ferdinands and Queene Isabels content and profit did depend hee sent him certaine Harquebuziers vnder the conduct of Ferdinand Aluares Gouernour of Colmera by whose valour the Albaycin held out and the assaults and combates continued fifty dayes after King Boabdelins people beeing vexed within by King Mahomet and abroad by the Christians of the next garrisons Whilest these troubles continued in Granado betwixt the two factions Castile King Ferdinand hauing assembled and reuiewed the troopes which from all parts were arriued at Cordoua hee went to field with an Armie of twenty thousand horse as well men at Armes as Genets and of fifty thousand foote the chiefe Commanders were the Maisters of Saint Iames and Alcantara the Duke of Nagera the Marquis of Cales and Villena the Earles of Benauent Vregna Cabra Oropesa Feria Cifuentes Osorno Medellin and Ribadeo Don Alphonso d' Aguilar the Treasurer of Calatraua with the Captaines generall of the Frontiers of Andaluzia and Murcia Those which sent their forces thether were the Cordinall of Spaine Archbishop of Toledo the Archbishop of Siuill the Bishops of Burgos and Cuenca the Dukes of Medina Sidonia Alua Playsance Medina Celi and Albuquerque the maister of Calatraua the Marquis of Astorga and Agullâ—r the Earles of Castro Cragna Saint Steeuens Miranda Nieua Priego Fuensailda Alua de Lista Montagu the Constable the great Commanders of Calatraua and Leon with other Lords and Knights of Castile There came likewise from Arragon diuers great Lords among whom was Don Phillip of Nauarre bastard sonne to the late Prince Charles of Viana whom King Ferdinand his Vncle had newly made maister of the order of Montesa in the Realme of Valentia hauing obtained it of the Pope and deposed Philip Boyll from the same dignity who had beene elected maister thereof conuentually Don Lewis Borgia Duke of Gandia was likewise there with many others of Arragon 1487. Valentia Sicill and Sardinia With these great forces they vndertooke to goe and beseege Malaga Velez Malaga besieged but first of all it was thought fit to remooue all letts and impediments that Velez Malaga might do vnto them the which place was beseeged in Aprill 1487. And the king being desirous to lodge certaine companies of footmen vpon a rising hill which did greatly import the saftie of the armie the Moores making a furious salley foorth of the cittie did beate them from thence and the King was the same time armed with a Cuirasse his sword in his hand exposing himselfe that day to the enemies arrowes and shot which fell round about him as thicke as haile beeing in great danger of his person neuerthelesse his people by his presence were encouraged and forced the Moores to turne their backes and to shut themselues into the towne Albeit that this valour of the kings be prayse-worthie and highly to bee extolled as a singular example yet notwithstanding it may be reproued in regard of the conicquence of a mischiefe which might haue happened therefore they besought him no more to hazard his person in such dangerous attempts The next day they assayled the suburbes where the Moores had barricadoed themselues who defended it for the space of sixe whole houres with such obstinacie as the Christians could not get one foote of ground from them vntill that the Duke of Nagera and the Earle of Benauent came with fresh succours who caused the enemies to leaue the place but to the cost of diuers for Nugno d' Aquila and Don Martin of Acugna were flayne there Don Carlo of Gueuara Garcy Lazo de la Vega Fernando de Vega Iohn de Merlo with diuers other men of note were hurt The Artillerie was not yet come to the campe therefore King Fernand caused diuers forts to be made against the citie wherein he lodged diuers companies of souldiers and being well acquainted with the Mores pollicies he placed in all the wayes that led to the campe in the mountaines and vallies which might any way be an hinderance to the armie diuers watches and sentinels with places for them to retire vnto which were well furnished and defended by valiant souldiers vppon which occasions sundrie profitable things were ordained necessarie for martiall discipline the Moores neuer ceasing from comming downe from the Mountaines and making many enterprises vppon the armie which they kept in continuall alarme King Muley Boabdallin on the other side beeing importuned by the Affricane Captaines and old Moores of Granado to succor Velez Malaga he went to field with great numbers of horse and foote and passing thorough sharpe and narrow places hee sent part of his forces from Bentomnix against the Master of Alcantara who conducted the artillerie but hauing intelligence that king Fernand had sent the great Commaunder of Leon for his conuoy he called backe the Moores and with all his forces he beganne the very same night to come downe from the hilles and presented himselfe in order of battell in the view of the Christian armie making shew as if they would succour the beseeged or else dye in fight this sudden and vnlookt-for arriuall of the enemies made diuers at their wits end and did in a manner terrifie them wherefore it behooued king Fernand to vse his best skill and discretion so to order matters as he might not receiue a disgrace but Don Diego Hurtado of Mendoza brother to the Cardinall of Spaine a braue and resolute knight beeing in the fore-ward with the Cardinals forces did put them out of feare for he gallantly opposed himselfe against the front of the Mores battalions Shamefull retreate of the Moores and made them to stand still They perceiuing the Christians valour and boldnesse did dislodge by breake of day like runawayes in such amazement as many of them flung away their weapons and armor to be the lighter to run This notwithstanding the king would not be ouer confident but caused euery man to stand still in his order the whole day long and the night following vntill he had certaine notice that the Moores flight was not fained but
could not be suffered to come to Valencia but was enforced to returne without beeing heard or seene King Charles at the same time was troubled with ciuill warres against the Duke of Orleance Duke Francis of Brittaine and the Lord of Albret who was dispossessed of his lands father to Iohn of Albret who was king of Nauarre and with others Iohn of Albret and Katherine of Nauarre Kings of Nauarre accounted for the 35. in the order of the Kings IOHN of Albret Nauarre the sonne of Alain of whom we haue made mention heretofore was married to Catherine the heire of Nauarre but before we come to the declaration therof it shall be neeedfull to speake of the state wherein the late King Francis Phoebus left the succession to his sister Katherine who raigned after him Iohn Vicount of Narbone vnkle to her Iohn Vicount of Narbon quarrels for the Earledome of Foix and Seigneury of Bearne and to the deceased King did foorth-with quarrell with the Lords of Foix and Bearne saying that for those lands lying vpon the limits of the Realme of France where women do not succeed that Queene Catherine his Neece was incapable of enioying them and therefore shee ought to content her selfe with her inheritance of Nauarre which is gouerned by other lawes and to leaue those two Lordships to him Vppon this strife great warre arose betwixt the parties the Vicount of Narbonne beeing fauoured by Iasper of Villemur Seneshall of Foix and the Lord of Calmont Iohn of Castel Verdun and others who the yeare 1484. leading with them forces of horse and foot tooke through the trecherie of one called Romengas the towne of Maçeres and then they seized on Monthault and in the end they came to assayle Pamiers where the cittizens would willingly haue receiued the Vicount whom they acknowledged to be a son of the house of Foix but not his souldiers whereat the Vicount being enraged went to S. Antonies which is the Cathedral church and the Bishops place of residence from whence he draue away Paschal who was Bishop and possessor thereof and enthronized Mathew Artigalu therein who pretended and pleaded the sayd Bishopricke against the other the Vicount moreouer doing his best to enter into Pamiers but the inhabitants persisting in their resistance he was constrayned to retire to Maseres from which place he continued the war against his Neece and the princesse Magdalen her mother who sent in the yeare 1485. Iohn of Lautrec to keepe and defend the countrey of Foix with diuers troupes leauied in Bearne and in the Earledome of Bigorre as also to recouer that which Iohn of Foix Vicount had vsurped Lautrec marching on to execute his commission was preuented by the way by Raymond Lordat Lord of Rodel who intreated him from those of Sauardun who some few dayes before had yeelded to the Vicount to pardon them in regard they did it to auoyd the present danger and to appease the Vicounts furie against whom they were not strong enough to resist they being desirous with all their hearts to serue queene Catherine their naturall Princesse and that if her pleasure were to receiue them they wold obey her and most willingly would cast off the Vicounts yoake therefore the Lord of Rodell intreated him to make all the hast he could to Sauardun assuring him that hee should be kindly welcomed and let into the towne Lautrec accepting this offer marched thither and arriued at the bridge gate at the same instant when as the Vicount of Narbone who was aduertised of all their practises entred at another gate called Vlmet These two Lords being met together in this sort did in stead of assayling one another performe offices of complement and they fell into discourse of peace which grew to this conclusion that Iohn of Foix should enioy Sauardun Maseres Monthault and S. Espartio with the church of S. Anthony the castle of Heremen and Montagu with other places and forts the which agreement as being vnlawfull was not obserued for within a few dayes after Odet Cardinall of Carcasson recouered Montagu and S. Anthonies and restored them to Queene Catherine Lautrec likewise on the other side took Montagu S. Espartio with the castle of Heremen which he ouerthrew In those businesses was queen Catherine entertayned in the beginning of her raigne to the great contentment of the chief Lords of the factions in Nauar who in the meane time managed their owne affaires by the intelligences which they had in Castilè notwithstanding any impediment that the Lord of Aubenas was able to giue them who was Viceroy in that Kingdome The yeare following which was 1486. Iohn Vicount of Foix in recompence of the losses he had sustained did by intelligence with certaine of the Inhabitants surprize the towne of Pamiers and left the Lord of Lauellane with certaine companies of souldiers there but Captaine Peter Bunfiere did by the selfe same meanes and by the helpe of a Lock-smith who made false keyes to the gate of Conserans beeing sent thither by the Princesse Magdalen and the Queene her daughter recouer the sayd towne slew diuers of the Garrison with Lauellanet their Captaine and carried thence whatsoeuer hee found yet for all this the warre ended not but continued to the great hinderance and preiudice of the countries of Foix and Bearne during which turmoyles the Princesse Magdalen reiecting the great and profitable match which was offered by the Prince of Castile married her daughter to Iohn of Albret which caused many troubles in the Realme of Nauarre The factious of Nauarr hinder their Princesse marriage For it was no easie matter to bring the factious to any reason Those which had any intelligences with Castile were so farre off from desiring this marriage with Prince Iohn of Castile as they hindered it to their vttermost power because they would not be subiect to a Prince that was mightie and had means to punish their crimes and yet neuerthelesse they could make vse of the occasion why that match was not accomplished by resisting their Princesse and Iohn of Albret her husband and by that meanes vpheld themselues in their tyrannies The absence of the Cardinall of Foix the Queenes Vnkle was a great hinderance to her affaires For this yeare 1486. he was sent for to Rome by Pope Innocent the eighth to be employed for the pacification of Naples which was troubled with ciuill wars betwixt the Barons and their King Fernand the same king beeing at great strife with the Pope who sent this Cardinall to Naples with power as Legate â—a latere where in some sort he composed those differences but he dyed at Rome and neuer returned more into Nauarre the state of which Kingdome beeing thus miserably distracted Amand Lord of Albret father to the new king did resolue to enter into Nauarre where hauing had conference with the Lord of Aubenas his brother who was Viceroy there and then with Iohn de Ribera who spoiling the countrie for the King of
for which the King and Queene depriued them of their offices and placed others therein they that were disposed were D. Alphonso de Valdiuiesso Bishop of Leon who was president and Doctor Martin â— Auila the Licenciat Cinchilla Doctor Cano and Doctor Olmedilla Auditors In their roomes were placed Doctor Iohn Arias del Villar Bishop of Oâ—iedo for President Subsidy raised vpoÌ„ the Iewes the Licenciat de Villena Doctor de Palacios the Licenciate Ville-Muriell the Licenciate Palacios Rubias and Doctor de Villoucla Auditors The Iewes did also grant a generall subsidy to the Kings which was the last subsidy raised vpon that sect for soone after they were all driuen forth of Spaine The King and Queene hauing begunne to take the best order they could for the gouernment of the new conquered Prouinces 1492. in the month of March this yeere 1492. they came to Cordoua to intend the affaires of the rest of the Kingdome there they made a statute whereby all gentlemen of the Kingdomes and Lordships subiect to the crowne of Castile and Arragon Statute of Cordoua for the Nâ—bility were enioyned to come and make proofe of their pedigrees and nobility and because it was made at Cordoua it was called the statute or law of Cordoua Whilest the King and Queene were busied in the warres and seege of Granado the ioy and feasts in Portugall were sodainely turned into teares and lamentations Portugal the marriage betwixt Alphonso of Portugall and D. Isabella of Castile being celebrated with great magnificence at Ebora and the feasts and triumphes continuing at Saint Iren whether the new married couple were gonne to auoide the great heate the Prince on an Euening accompanying the King his father and beeing mounted vpon a very ready and swift horse would needs runne a race against an other horse whereon Don Iohn de Menezes Commander of Algezier did ride but the Commander excused the matter by reason it was late and almost night the Prince commanded a Mule to bee brought vnto him and in the getting vp the stirrop brake wherefore hee tooke his former horse and continuing in his determination to runne he tooke the Commander by the hand A pittiful accident hapned to Prince Alphonso of Portugal and giuing spurres to his horse hee constrained him to runne the race with him but the mishap was that the Princes horse stumbling at the races end ouer-threw his rider vnder him and did so bruze him as hee lay speechlesse and almost dead vpon the ground The King and all the standers by being very sorrowfull caused him to bee carried to the next cottage which was a fisher-mans where the Princesses the mother and the daughter in law hauing vnderstood this pittifull accident did come on foote where finding this poore Prince in such state as for no speech nor any thing else that cold be said or don he did make any sign or shew of vnderstanding ought They did all melt into teares Prince Alphonso diâ—s vttering forth very strang cries and lamentations Great and sundry were the dilligences and remedies though superfluous which the Physitions and Surgions vsed for his recouery the Physitions telling the King that his sonnes end drew nere he brought the Queene and the Princesse to the houses of Vasco Pallas which are vpon the riuer of Tayo and the Prince died seuen and twenty houres after the accident who was lamented and bewailed by all men for the great hope and expectation which he gaue of himselfe in those young yeeres hauing hardly attained to seuenteene yeeres of age and that which did more encrease the sorrow was that he left the Princesse Isabell a widdow euen almost as soone as shee had beene a wife for they had not beene married fully eight monthes Princesse Isabels lamentation The Princes body was laied in a herse and carried to the Monastery of battaile The Princesse in token of sorrow did cut off her heire and clothed her selfe in garments befitting her griefe and hauing remained fifteene daies in the house of Vasco Pallos shee went to the Kings pallace one euening without any light where the King Queene and shee kept themselues shut vp a long time giuing themselues to much ouer to griefe and forgetting the health of their owne persons and being in this estate they were visited and comforted on the Kings of Castiles part After this manner King Iohns Court remained desolate and it may bee that God caused this losse to fall vpon him for ouer hastily destroying the great houses of his owne Kingdome especially that of his Aunt D. Beatrice Dutchesse of Viseo whose sonne D. Dominigo a Prince of his bloud hee had slaine with his owne hand The obsequies and funeralls being ended where the King and the great Lords and Ladies of the Realme were present Queene Elenor and the Princesse Isabell excepted shee being sorrowfull and a widdow was brought backe into Castile the same time King Fernand and Queene Isabell were about Granado in the New towne of Saint Foy which they builded King Iohn being in this anguish went backe to Lisbone where this yeere 1492. the two Maisterships of Saint Iames and Auis fell to his sonne D. George for whose gouernor hee appointed D Diego Almeyda sonne to the Earle of Abrantes The end of the three and twentith Booke SEMPER EADEM THE FOVRE AND TVVENtith Booke of the Generall History of Spaine The Contents 1 CHristopher Columbus his first voyage to the Indies 2. Arigorous Edict against the Iewes and Moores 3. King Fernand is hurt at Barcelona Polliticke affaires of Spayne 4. Christopher Columbus returnes backe Good and euill which the world hath receiued by the discouerie of the Westerne Indies The Pope giues those new lands to the Kings of of Castile Columbus his second voyage 5. The Master-ship of S. Iames in the hands of King Fernand as perpetuall Administratour thereof Charles the eight of that name the French King restores the Earledome of Rossillon to King Fernand with other polliticke affaires 6. Order concerning the Spaniards and Portugals nauigations 7. The Master-ship of Alcantara in the hands of King Fernand as perpetuall Administrator thereof the Chancery of Granado and of the country beyond Tejo 8. Originall of the warres betwixt France and Spaine 9. Don Pero Gonçal of Mendoza Cardinall of Spaine dyes Friar Francis Ximenes of Cisneros is promoted to the Archbishoppricke of Toledo 10. Peace betwixt Castile and Nauarre Coronation of King Iohn of Albret and Queene Catherine which was the last in that Kingdome pursuites against the Earle of Lerin 11. VVarre of Naples noble exploites of Gonçalo Fernandes of Cordoua surnamed the great Captaine 12. The Houses of Austria and Spaine allyed together by marriage 13. VVarre in the Earledome of Rossillon 14. The third voyage of Christopher Columbus to the Indies Enterprises vpon the Affricane Moores 15. Don Manuel first of that name and 14. King of Portugal his qualities and vertues c. Edict against the Iewes 16. Vasco
her comming thither but onely for to see them Now after that the King and Queene had made themselues masters of the Cittie of Pampelona the chiefe of the Kingdome and of many other places which they feared they were obeyed and reuerenced by the most part of their subiects and strongly accompanied with Knights and men at armes they did call to remembrance many rash actions committed by the Constable Lewis of Beaumont as well against King Iohn of Arragon and Queene Leonora their Grandmother as against king Francis Phoebus and themselues namely that the Beaumontois had denyed to open them the gates of Pampelona with other such recent occasions whereupon they began to persecute him very sharpely so as the Realme of Nauarre was againe in as great confusion as euer it had beene the two old Factions not forgetting to make vse of any occasions that might hurt one another the which stormes were in some sort quietly calmed by the mediation of King Fernand of Castile Arragon who procured this agreement that the Constable Lewis of Beaumont his brother in law should withdraw himselfe into Castile for a certaine limited time in which meane space either part should lay by their armes and that the said Constables goods and lands should be laied in deposito in King Fernands hands And in this sort the Constable left Nauarre Lewis of Beaâ—mont made Marquis of Huescar but he lost nothing thereby for King Fernand gaue him twice as much reuenue as he had before and made him Marquis of Huescar in Granado The name of open warre ceassed in Nauarre but they left not of committing of many murthers and robberies without feare of law for that nation had beene a long time accustomed to such outrages in contempt of the law the which waxed still worse thorow King Iohn and Queene Catherines negligence who by euill counsell and particular affections vnworthy of soueraigne Princes did at the last bandy themselues in leagues one against the other the King taking part with those of Beaumont and the Queene with the Grammontois whereof infinite miseries ensued During these troubles Gonçalo Fernandes de Cordoua surnamed the Great captaine hauing ioyned the forces that hee brought from Spaine with those that King Fernand had Castile who was driuen forth of Naples and beeing accompained with D. Hugo Cardona the Sicillian did so handle the matter as after that King Charles was departed forth of the Kingdome hee recouered Calabria from the French and draue thence the Lord a' Aubigni who was gouernor in those marches notwithstanding that soone after hee receiued an ouerthrow by him neere to Seminara where King Fernand of Naples had like to haue beene taken prisoner after which Goncalo Fernandes hauing made his retreate to Riâ—oles where he stood a certaine time on his defence and beeing afterwards re-enforced with new supplies out of Sicile and a nauy of three score and tenne ships brought from Meffina by King Fernand hee had courage and meanes to beseege and make himselfe Master of the city of Naples Exploits of Gonsalo Hernandes of Cordoua surnamed the Great captaine with her castles and draue thence Lord Guilbert of Montpensier whom King Charles had left there for gouernour and Lieutenant Generall making such sharpe warre vpon the rest of the French that were left there as King Fernand in short time was restored to his Kingdome by the valour prowesse and discretion of this great captaine which when Don Alphonso vnderstood who of a King was become a Monke in Sicile D. Alphonso from a King become a Monke striueth in vâ—ine from a Monke to become a King hee laboured to recouer his former dignity but his sonne who was in possession thereof and who had valiantly imployed himselfe in the recouery of that which his father had carelesly lost would not giue it ouer wherefore Don Alphonso did not liue long after in his monasticke state for hee died this yeere 1495. The successfull exploits of the Spaniards in the Kingdome of Naples did greatly reioyce King Fernand and Queene Isabella who beeing at Tortosa did agree vpon the marriage of Prince Iohn their sonne and heire to the Kingdomes with Marguerite of Austria daughter to Maximillian then Emperor who was sent home as hath beene said Alâ—iâ—nces betwixt the house of Austria and Casâ—le by Charles the French King and by the same meanes the marriage was concluded betwixt Philip of Austria sonne to the said Emperor and Donna Ioane second daughter to the King and Queene of Castile and Arragon These Princes and Princesses which were married brother and sister to the brother and sister were very nere of kinne by the line of Portugall for Donna Isabella of Portugall wife to Duke Philip of Burgondy was mother to Duke Charles father to Mary who was mother to Philip and to Marguerite of Austria And on the other side D. Leonora of Portugall the Empresse wife to Frederike mother to Maximillian father to Philip and Margnerite was cosin germain to King Fernand daughter to Donna Leonora of Arragon sister to King Iohn his father the which Donna Leonora was wife to King Edward of Portugall These treaties being made the King made some stay at Tortosa and then returned into Castile but they were not long there VVaâ—e betwixt the French and Spaniards in the Earldome of Rosâ—â—llon till the King was constrained to returne to Tortosa to take order for the warre which the French had raised in the Earldome of Rossillon for King Charles beeing highly mooued that the King of Castile contrary to the agreement and promise which hee had made him had sent aide to the King of Naples fought against his armies and townes which hee had conquered had sent a mighty army to the Pirenean hills the which did assaile Sausses defended by Captaine Bernard Francis who was ouer-come and taken Sanses taken by the French and almost al the Spaniards were cut in peeces in the sight of the Spanish Armies commanded by Don Henry Henriques Earle of Alua de Lista and by the King himselfe who was come as farre as Gyrone thinking by vaine shewes to cause the French to retire the which they did but it was because winter drew on 1496. and for want of victualls the enemies Armie being in the like necessity Sausses beeing forsaken dismantled and burnt by the French a truce was taken for foure moneths Among other men of name which dyed at the taking of Sausses were Don Diego de Azeuedo and Pedro de Solis the same hapned the yeare one thousand foure hundred ninety and sixe Queene Isabell remaining at Burgos gaue order for the iourney of her second daughter Don Ioane into Flanders to Phillip of Austria vnto whom shee was promised and for the same purpose shee caused a great Nauie to bee rigged in the Porte of Laredo Queene Isabell the Dowager sick both in body mindâ— whether shee came in person after shee had celebrated the obsequies of
Mentia was married to D. Pedro Giron D. Henrie was vnapt for generation and dyed without children D. Aluaro borne of the second venter married as we haue said with D. Anne of Arragon daughter to D. Alphonso of Arragon which marriage was made by the King D. Ferdinand in hope that D. Aluaro should succeede in all the seigniories of Duke Iohn his father who beeing dead hee was put in possession of the Duchie of Medina Sidonia notwithstanding the opposition of D. Pedro Giron who saied that D. Alâ—â—ro was a bastard borne in incest not beeing tollerable neyther by Diuine nor Humane Lawes to marrie two sisters and if Popes had at anie time suffered it it was for some great good and benefite to the Common weale which had no such consideration in the fact of the deceased duke D. Iohn but for all his reasons D. Aluaro enioyed the possession beeing fauoured and supported by king Ferdinand whilest hee liued but being dead D. Pedro Girâ—â— thought that prince Charles beeing absent and the gouernement in the hands of a monke Hauing therefore gathered together a good troupe of licentious fellowes hee went to field and first attempted the towne of Luzero but D. Pedro of Arras had preuented him and put himselfe into the place to defend it besides the castle was held in the kings name with a garrison by D. Gomes de Solis as it it is the manner of Spaine in polices vpon the sea although they belong to priuate Lords So as D. Pedros attempt was vaine In the meane time cardinall Ximenes being aduertised of this tumult hee had meanes to prouide for it commaunding by the aduice of the Councell the inhabitants of Seuile and Cordoua to assist the duke of Medinâ— Sidonia and captaine Solis with forces Then D. Anthony Fonseca was sent with certaine ensignes of foot and with him an Alcade of the court called Corneille to disperse D. Pedroes troupes and to punish those that should be taken as troublers of the publike peace and guiltie of high treason wherewith D. Pedro Giron being terrified hee retired for that time but within few dayes after hee incited the Constable D. Inigo Fernandes of Velasco his vncle by the mothers side who on the other side was no good friend to Cardinall Ximenes drawing many other noblemen to his designes and enterprises passing by Madrid with a great troupe hee stayed there keeping himselfe in his lodging and would not vouchsafe to visite the Cardinall who was the kings lieuetenant but as if hee would braue him and in a manner threaten him to incense the noblemen of Castille against him hee sent him word that he was come to visite his kinsemen and friends whereunto the Cardinall who knew well to what end all his courses tended made no other answer but that hee should goe on in a good houre and continue his officious voyage There were great signes of a mutinous and rebellious heart in the answer which hee made to some of his friends demaunding of him why hee vndertooke these things without any respect or reuerence to Cardinall Ximenes Arrogant answer of D. Pedro Giron who presented there the kings person And what thankes said hee will the king giuevs if wee respect and honour his lieutenants as much as himselfe but he was much mistaken for there was no comparison betwixt his meanes and of all those of his partie and the power of Cardinall Ximenes who besides the authoritie which he had as regent was so rich both in reuenues and treasure which hee had gathered together as hee was well able to entertaine an army without any helpe of the kings money D. Pedro Giron in his frenzie went towards his vncle D. Inigo Fernandes of Velasco knowing that he hated the Cardinall for that hee vnderstood that hee had propounded to retire all that which priuate noblemen did hold of the reuenues of the crowne if they did not shew good titles and were grounded vpon lawfull causes and therefore fearing hee should be depriued of certaine imposts hee drew from the sea hee desired to see the Cardinalls authority abated There were meanes plotted betwixt the vncle and the nephew to attaine vnto that which they pretended and to fortifie themselues they did write or went in person to all them that they knew to bee anie way discontented with Cardinall Ximenes Faction against the Cardinall Ximenes the duke of Benauent was one whom they had forbidden to finish a fort which he had begunne to build at Cibales the duke of Albuquerque and the erle of Medina Celi for the affinity which they had with the earle of Vregna offered themselues to be ready against all persons that would offend him or his and they did also hold some of the kings rents D. Frederike of Portugall bishop of Siguensa fearing to be depriued of his bishoprike to giue it to doctor Carnaial ioyned with that faction Aboue all they desired to draw vnto them the duke of the Infantazgo the head of the familie of Mendoza whose power and riches they held a sufficient counterpoize to ouersway the Cardinall their aduersary The duke offered himselfe freely to be theirs in all enterprises so as it were not against the state and the gouernment of the realme for he meant not to attempt any thing that should contradict the will of the deceased king D. Ferdinand 〈◊〉 made by the Coâ—â—able against the Cardinall nor the will of king Charles wherefore all these noblemen went vnto him to Guadalajara whereas the Constable D. Inigo Fernandes of Velasco made a long inuectiue against the Cardinall whom he called rash insupportable an obscure man of an vnknowne beginning an enemy to nobilitie vnworthy to commaund and gouerne those realmes which charge did belong more rightly to them then to monke who abused the authoritie to the dishonour and scorne of the nobility That if they said hee was appoynted to that degree by the testament of the deceased king D. Ferdinand let them remember that they had endured indignities enow in his time without fearing his vaine comaundements after his death but let him shew his letters of power and authority from king Charles else for his part hee was not resolued to obey him The duke of the Infantazgo the chiefe in this assembly Wise speech of the duke of the Infantazâ—â— seeing euery man moued at the Constables words I haue said hee many occasions to complaine of cardinall Ximenes euen in this that contrarie to his faith and promise hee hath hindered the marriage betwixt my nephew and his neece and that now he seeks to diminish my patrâ—â—onie what hee can but these are but priuate wrongs for the which I would not cause the least alteration in the world in our kings absence and I will say more vnto you that I haue alwayes knowne this man to be so vpright as the authoritie power nor credit of any man cannot moue him you see what great reuenues hee hath and what lands and countries
Sea shoare thinking they had beene French-men or some other enemies which came to spoyle the countrie the which they perceiuing which were yet at sea and the king himselfe hee commanded to display the royall standard that hee might bee knowne The Asturians discouering the Lions and Castles knew that it was their king and laying downe their armes they came to salute him vpon their knees accompaning him to Villeuicieuse the which by a good equiuocation they called Villadichosa which signifies a happy Towne which sight was most pleasing vnto the king there hee rested himselfe after his sea trauell being accompained by his sister D. Leonora then Queene of Portugall There were with him the lord of Cheures the Chancellor Saunage Charles of Lanoy other Flemish lords and in a short time there came many noblemen of Spaine vnto him among which were D. Inigo Fernandes of Velasco the Constable a man of great possessions in that barren countrey being accompained with 700 horse all his kinsmen friends and vassals who had giuen order that store of victuals should be broght vnto them as they past there came other noblemen to kisse their princes hand and then they returned presently that they might not incoÌ„modate his houshold and train in the streits of the mountaines vntill that he were come into a more open country and better prouided The Cardinal who lay in his Conuent scarce able to breath was so glad at the news of the kings ariuall as he left his bed sung masse and eat in the Refectorie among the friers the which did much discontent the Flemish Courtiers who desired that hee had beene dead before that the king should conferre with him for they were well aduertised that hee sought to chase them from the councell and from all affaires whereof hee had often treated by his letters and agents with the king wherfore they informed themselues curiously of his phisitions how long he would liue thinking that his death was neer therefore they staied the king as long as they could vpon the way Practises of the Flemish courtiers to keepe the king from seeing of the Cardinall desiring much that he were dead before the king should see him Some councelled the king to goe first and visit the realme of Arragon before he staied in Castille the which the Cardinall hindred all he could informing him of many inconueniences which would happen by that councell and beseeching him most humbly not to determine anything touching his publike or priuate affaires before hee had giuen him a full information of the estate of his realme hee did also councel him to send the infant D. Ferdinand his brother as soone as might bee into Germany to the emperour his grandfather thinking that hee could not take a better resolution neither for his owne affaires nor for the good of the Infant then to send him thither and to bee a meanes that all or a good part of Maximilians succession might come vnto him seeing that by the grace of God he was king and lord of so many realmes and rich estates This councell was followed after the Cardinals death not at the Flemings sute who it may bee had other designes for the lord of Cheures desired to keep him vnder soon after would haue had him giue water vnto the king his brother who being discontented to see his brother so abase himself said that Ximenes councel was better Wherupon he ordained that the Infant should be conducted into Germany The king being come to Saint Vincent of Barquera D. Anthony of Rojas Bishop of Granado President of the Councell royall who had beene alwaies opposit to the Cardinall went from Aranda with all the Councell not making him acquainted therewith to go and meeâ— with the king and the better to excuse their fact they would haue carried with them the Infant D. Ferdinand if the Marquesse of Aguilar had not hindred it The Cardinall finding himselfe wronged heerewith sent two of the kings letters to the President by the which hee and the whole councell were commanded not to depart without him but they staied not for all that thinking that the Cardinals authority was much decai ed but hee mooued with this contempt sent to the king complaining of D. Antonie de Roias and of the councells departure in contempt of his letters terming theÌ„ forsakers of the commonweale of the affaires of estate protesting that if before his comming they had presumed to doe such a thing he would haue punished them in such sort as within 3 dayes both the president the councell had bin renued and had depriued theÌ„ of their dignities with disgrace wherfore he besought him to obserue the honor and dignity of his councel of Spain to cause them to returne to the end they might all togither go to meer him as it was fit the which was done to the presidents great discontent and shame who returned with al his train to Aranda The masters of accounts did not abandon the cardinall to whom the admirall Henriques an dother noblemen who were ready to go meet the K. offred to go in his company but he thinking that there were other considerations in these noblemen than in the Senat he gaue them thanks intreating them to goe before and without him Winter which comes sooner and is more sharp in the region beyond the mountains than in other parts of Spaine prest the cardinall to leaue the conuent of Aguilera which place was too moist for his health wherfore he remoued to Roa a towne in the county of Siruelas where he had learned his first letters in his infancie causing himselfe to be caried thither in a close litter and clad in furs carrying with him the infant D. Ferdinand Roa is â—6 leagues neerer to Vailledolit than Aranda and it is a coÌ„modious place to take the way to Vailedolit or to Segobia as if it had bin don of purpose For his part hee desired the court should rather go to Segobia than to Vailled oâ—it whereas the K. night consult of his affairs assemble the states the which he dissuaded much at this his first ariual Assembly of the Estates disliked by the cardinal Ximenes at the kings arriuall saying that their spirits were yet inflamed with the forepassed mutinies doubting not but there would be many rash and impertinent articles preferred wherefore it was expedieÌ„t to deferre it for a time to suffer those humors to settle being of great importaÌ„ce that the people should meet and see their prince at the first with all humility obedience and feare which aduice was contemned to the great preiudice and danger of the realme In the mean time there came deputies from Toledo to the king beseeching him to chuse that citie which was great spacious and healthfull and situated in a fertile countrey for his first abode the which would haue bin very pleasing to the cardinall who was archbishop of Toledo but the Flemish courtiers took no delight to
resolued to make himselfe a Iesuite and to leaue his temporall estates whereunto he was admitted by father Inigo of Loyola author of that Order The duke and doctor Anthonie being returned into Spaine the duke made renunciation of the duchie of Gandie and of his other lands vnto his sonne D. Charles Borgia and of Arragon in the Iesuits College of Ognate where he tooke the habite and receiued all the Orders and soone after he would that his second sonne D. Iohn Borgia and of Arragon should marry D. Laurencâ— of Loyola and Ognez daughter to D. Bertrand of Loyola nephew to father Inigo who with the aid and fauour of cardinall Iohn Mouron did build the Germane colledge at Rome to instruct the youth of that nation against Luthers doctrine Before his death he saw sixeteene Prouincialls of his Institution and Order and aboue a hundred and seuentie colledges the which since haue multiplied strangely He died at Rome in the yeare 1556 being threescore and one yeeres old hee was buried in the chiefe house and head of that Order called Sancta Maria de la Strada We haue seen the abouenamed D. Francisco Borgia d' Arragon generall of this Order in our time There are three sorts of religious in it one of profest who can hold no goods the other probationers and the third collegialls and it is lawfull for these two to possesse what they will Sect of Theatins differs from the Iesuites The Iesuits are not Theatins for they whom they called Theatins had an other beginning and another kind of life they were certaine gentlemen and others moued with deuotion who gaue themselues to prayers singing and other such works and were first called of the company of the loue of God to whom there being ioyned Iohn Peter Carrafa a Neapolitane bishop of Chieti and being reputed as a worthy man the head of those religious they began to call them Chietins and then corrupting the word Theatins These Chietins were in credit in the time of pope Clement the seuenth who by reason of the sacke of Rome being retired to Ostia and there finding certaine Venetian gallies they past to Venice and there made their abode eleuen yeares before that Inigo of Loyola and his companions came there The Iesuits comming afterwards from Venice to Rome for that they could not performe their voyage to the holy Land the people thought that they were the Chietins or Theatins which were returned and confounded these two Orders through ignorance whereof there is great difference This Iohn Peter Carrafa came afterwards to be pope and was called 〈◊〉 the fourth Of the Theatins there are not many other colledges or houses to be found but at Venice Rome Naples and Pauia The Iesuits are also called in Arragon Iniguists of the name of their author and in Portugall Apostles but in all other places Iesuits according to the Popes Bulles and Briefes This we find in the Spanish Histories of the Institution of the Iesuits inserted here of purpose at the time of the reuolt at Pampelone in the yeare 1521 where Inigo of Loyola their first Institutor was There was at that time an ample subiect prepared for these Iesuites to practise their charities and withall a fit and pleasing abode for them and other religious Spaniards at the west Indies by Fernand Cortes who hauing runne along the coasts of the firme land at this new world going vp Northward and there by sundry conquests hauing drawne vnto him many of those Indian people he entred into the country and assailed the city of Mexico took it and conquered that realme with an incredible facilitie Mexico at the Indies taken by the ChristiaÌ„s It is at this present called Noua Hispania This great citie which was one of the wonders of the world by reason of the situation was taken in August this yeare 1521 where the king Motezumâ— was slaine and aboue a hundred thousand of his subiects Returning now to the historie of Nauarre we say that as soone as the duke of Nagera was retired they of Pampelone did choose the signior of Osoien for their captaine who had serued the catholike king Monsieur AsperauÌ„t pursuing his conquests was met in the Pyrenee mountaines by some deputies of the valley of Roncal who yeelded him obedience and gaue him aduertisement of the estate of the couâ—trie with whom hee past to Pampelone The lord of Asperaut makes himselfe master of Pampelone and made himselfe master thereof in the name of king Henrie D. Lewis of Beaumoâ—t earle of Lerin desired to come to him but they refused him a safeconduct for his returne The lord of Asperaut finding no resistance in the whole realme he reduced it in few days vnder the obedience of its naturall king and making vse of the ciuile wars of Castille hauing good intelligence with the comminalties he past the riuer of Ebro and laid siege to Logrogne Logrogne besieged by the French through a rash and ill digested councell D. Pedro Velez of Gueuare had put himselfe into the place with some souldiers who resisted the French armie vertuously they being much fauored by the victorie of Villa Laria which the viceroys of Castille had woon against the commons by reason whereof the Victors aduanced with the Duke of Nagera who had leuied men from Burgos vnto the sea making his sonne D. Iohn Manrique de Lara colonell of the Guipuscoans a yong Lord but fifteene yeares old and of the Biscains Gomes Gonsales de Butron French retire from Logrogne Lord of Muxica and of Butron which forces being great forced the French to raise their siege and repassing the riuer to returne into Nauarre the Castillan army following them so neere as whereas the French supâ— the Castillans dined the next day The armies beeing come neere vnto Pampelone the Lord of Asperraut being accompanied by many Nauarrois was of opinion to turne head and to hazard a battell but very inconsideratly for at that time he was not strong enough to incounter the power which came against him neyther had he the patience to attend some of his forces which were at Tafalla with the seignior of Ollaoqui and at Pampelone and a new Ieuie of sixe thousand Nauarrois which might haue ioyned with him the next day or the day after wherefore being neere one vnto another after that the artillery had played when they came to ioyne the French horsemen behaued themselues woorthily Rout of the lord of Asperaâ—t and the French army at Noayn but the footemen who were most part Gascoins could not indure the force of the Castillans but were presently put to rout which made them to giue the field and to leaue the victory vnto the viceroyes In this battell which was giuen neere vnto the borough of Noayn and the port of Reniega there died of French and Nauarrois is neere fiue thousand and amongst them D. Charles of Mauleon and D. Iohn of Saraza captaine Martin and Charles of Nauasques or of Nouailles the
If there were euer barbarism like vnto this since the foundatioÌ„ of the world was laid they may iudge which be meÌ„ hauing retained some light of reason may conclude pertinently that there is not any thing among human actioÌ„s in this miserable age that is more repugnaÌ„t to the law of god more absurd in nature more preiudicial to good gouernmeÌ„t more in conteÌ„pt of kings magistrats to conclude more offensiue before God man than these modern duels Not that we should allow or giue place to the ancient maner of coÌ„bats wheras there is a king or some other soueraign power who ought not to graÌ„t nor suffer them according to the rules of justice wel administred without the authoritie of which soueraigne power it is not lawful for any whatsoeuer to draw his sword according to the laws of Christendome Being most certain that combats in the best form that they were euer practised if it be not against an enemy that prouokes in opeÌ„ war are the inuentions of cruel barbarous nations which are ignorant of piety justice and gouernment Returning to our Historie wee find this yere 1522 Iames of Aillon earle of Lude gouernor of Fontarraby being so long disquieted by the enemy wanting things necessary for the defence of a town of war which attended a fiege hourly he aduertised the French king his master of his estate intreating him to releeue him to send another gouernor the which the king performed aswel as he could for he was otherwise busied the war being hot both in Italy Picardy betwixt him the emperor The marshall of Chastillon was sent thither who dying at Dax his charge was giueÌ„ to the marshal Chaâ—anes who victualled Fontarrabie in view of the enemy changed the garrison drawing forth the earle of Lude Frauget gouernour of Fontaâ—rabie and making captain Frauget gouernor in his place who had alwaies had the reputation of a good soldier but he lost it in this charge They of Fontarrabie hauing a little before made a sally vpoÌ„ the enemy which lay at Yrun it had succeeded ill in the which they had lost the signior of Chanfarron many good soldiers and after the comming of captain Frauget they made many skirmishes most of them preiudiciall to the French In the yere 1523 1523 the marshall D. Pedro of Nauarre a prisoner in the fort of Symanca died Death 〈…〉 whose death was diuersly published it is most certain that it was violently by the sword the Spaniards impute the fault to himself saying that being too much affected to K. Henry of Albret his naturall Prince seeing himself so long detained in prison for that he would not swear to another he fel into such despaire as hee slue himselfe hee left one son of the same name who did then serue the FreÌ„ch k. in FoÌ„tarrabie At Rome Pope Adrian also dyed the 20 month of his raigne in whose place Iulio de Medicis was chosen was named Clement 7. Emperors 〈◊〉 into Pampelâ—â—â— The same yere the emperor entred into Pampelone where prouiding for the defence of his couÌ„trie of Guipuscoa he sent the constable D. Inigo FernaÌ„des of Velasco with the prince of Orang who led an army of about 24000 meÌ„ by the pace of Beoyuia into Bearn camped before Saluateria the which yeelded where staying they made shew that they would conquer the country of Bearn or attempt Bayone and so they held the minds of men in suspeÌ„ce Exploits of the Spanish army in Bearn The lord of Lautrec gouernor of Guienne gaue good order both for Bayone Fontarrabie being doubtful what designe the enemy had who hauing remained 4 daies at Saluaterra returned into Guipuscoa hauing done nothing memorable in that voyage but taken the Castle of Vidaxone belonging to the lord of Gramont a great part of this army died of cold and want in this voyage 21 In the beginning of the yere 1524 1524 the emperour leauing Nauarre Siege laid by the Spaniards to Fontarrabie retyred to Victoria where he resolued of the siege of Fontarrabie which was begun in the beginning of February the Constable of Castille being generall of the army assisted by the prince of Orange and many other noblemen and knights of name among which was William of Roccandolphe Colonel of 3000 Germans the batterie was planted towards Miranda against the queens bastion it was furious continuall yet they gaue not any assault for the Spaniards desired to take it by famin without the losse of their men Fontarrabie yeelded to the emperour the place was reasonably wel furnished to endure a long siege yet captain Frauget yeelded it vpon composition to depart with their armes baggage saued their colours flying as the Spaniards had done Punishment of Captaine Frauget for the yeelding of Fontarrabie Frauget excused himselfe vpon the intelligences which D. Pedro of Nauarre had with the enemies notwithstanding he was degraded of his nobilitie vpon a scaffold in the citie of Lion D. Pedro of Nauarre was sonne to the Marshall D. Pedro who died a prisoner in the Castle of Symanca and was nephew to the Constable of Castille by whome being solicited he went to emperors seruice The place was found well furnished of all things whereunto hauing added other prouisions the gard and defence thereof was giuen to Sancho Martines de Leyua brother to Anthony de Lyna who was then reputed a wise and discreet Captaine in the warres of Italie Besides the gouernment of that towne Sancho Martines was corrector of the Prouince of Guipuscoa the which hath not hapned to any one to haue had the charge of warre and of Iustice. Those which haue gouerned in Fontarrabie successiuely vnto our time after Sancho Martines were D. Sancho de Leyua his son then D. Diego of Caruajal lord of Xodar in our time D. Iohn d' Acugna In Nauarre the king appointed D. Diego of Auellaneda Diego d' Auellaneda viceroy of Nauarre bishop of Tuy to bee Viceroy gouernor reformer of the Iustice. And then the knights of the faction of GramoÌ„â— which had followed the kings of the house of Albret returned into their country to the emperors seruice to whom they did sweare as to their king namely D. Pedro of Nauarre who obtained the dignity of Marshall 1524 which his father had held and the Marquisate of Cortes Gramontoies returne into Nauarre to the emperours seruice Hee was descended from D. Lionell sonne to king Charles the second of that name As for the earle of Saint Stephens when as he came to the emperors seruice he had the title of Marquesse of Falses giuen him and the office of high chamberlaine of Nauarre with other fauors since which time that realme hath beene held by the house of Castille in peace and without troubles 22 On Saint Mathias day Francis the French king taken at Pauia being the 24 day of Februarie
with many other they recouered their lost ordnance and tooke thirtie and fiue peeces of the enemies but the spoile gotten afterwards in Diu did much inrich the Souldiers They write that this cruell seege continued eight moneths there dyed one thousand fiue hundred Portugals and in this last battell onely sixtie and foure thousand Infidels The Viceroy hauing taken order for the repayring and new building of the fort hauing also rewarded the well deseruing souldiers returned to Malaga 4 During the warre in Germanie Nauarre whereof wee haue formerly made mention there was a marriage concluded in Fraunce Mariage of Ioane heire of Nauarre to Anthony duke of Bourbon betwixt Ioane of Albret the heire of Nauarre and Anthonie of Bourbon duke of Vendosme a prince of the bloud royall of France the marriage was celebrated at Molins in Bourbonois This realme of Nauarre was reduced vnto a Prouince when as the duke of Alua seased thereon in the name of the king D. Ferdinand in execution of the sentence of pope Iulio the second and had been alwaies gouerned by Viceroys and Lieutenants as wee haue said In the yeare one thousand fiue hundred fortie and two D. Iohn de Lauega Lord of Grayal was viceroy in whose time D. Ferdinand Aluares of Toledo grand childe to the duke of Alua rased the wals of Lombier which stood vntill that time D. Lewis of Mendosa Marquesse of Montdejar succeeded the Lord of Grajal in the gouernment of Nauarre in the yere one thousand fiue hundred forty and three and in the yeare one thousand fiue hundred forty and sixe D. Aluaro Gomes Manrique of Mendosa entred into the gouernment and successiuely in the yeare one thousand fiue hundred forty and seuen D. Lewis Velasco at which time this marriage was consummated The emperour hauing gotten so great and absolute a victorie Castille as hee thought he now held the reynes of all Germanie in his hand he sends D. Ferdinād of Toledo duke of Alua into Spaine to persuade his Son to come vnto him into the low countries whether he went carrying his prisoners with him in triūph leauing Ferdinād king of Romans his brother to gouerne the affaires of the empire in his absence and for that D. Philip comming out of Spaine he must leaue some great one there with the title of gouernor and to giue that dignitie to any lord of the countrie it would breed jealousie in the rest he resolued to send Maximilian of Austria prince of Hungarie his nephew thither to whome hee had designed for wife D. Maria his owne daughter with a dispensation from the pope for they were cousin Germans This Prince came and imbarked at Genoua soone after the duke of Aluas departure being accōpained by the Cardinal of Trent the yong duke of Brunswike the earle of Mansfield and other noble men arriued at Barcelona with a prosperous wind whereas all the chiefe noblemen of Arragon and Castille came and met him as their Gouernour and Viceroy and conducted him to Vailledolit where the marriage betwixt him D. Maria was solemnized These princes being maried they gouerned Spain for a time in prince Philips absence who parted in the same fleet in the same vessel that had brought Maximilian Prince Philip goes into Flanders Being arriued at Genoua he staied there fifteen daies where he was visited and honoured with gifts and presents by al the princes and potentates of Italie and by the estates of the emperour his father From Genoua he came to Milan where he had a solemne entrie made him and then by Mantoua Trent hee continued his voyage throgh Germany came to Brusselles where the emperor attended him who made a progresse with him through all the prouinces of his hereditarie countrie causing an oth of fealtie to be taken vnto him as to his onely heire At the estates of Castille who were held at Vailledolit in the yeare 1548 1548 it was deereed that the emperour should be intreated againe as he had beene often to pay the money which he had borrowed of the king of Portugall by colour whereof he did not pursue his right vnto the Molucqus for the which there were deputies sent vnto him into Flanders who offered him in the name of the estates to discharge that debt so as hee would graunt them that trade for sixe yeares making the landing and entring of Spices at the Groin as he had formerly ordained which sixe yeares being expired the emperour should receiue the benefit of the trade whereunto he gaue no great eare for that hee would not displease D. Iohn king of Portugall to whome he bare great affection 6 At that time there came vnto Maximilian of Austria Muley Buason a Moore demands succor in Spaine and D. Maria of Castille his wife gouerning in Spaine Muley Buason a Prince of the Moores and Lord of Veles de la Gomera in Afrike who had beene brought into Spaine by D. Bernardine de Mendosa generall of the galleys to demaund succour against Muley Mahumet Xerife of Marroc who had expelled Muley Hamet his kinsman of the race of the Merins out of the realme of Fez. This Moore was honourably entertained by Maximilian but touching his chiefe businesse hee aduised him to goe vnto the emperour the which hee did and past through Fraunce but hee could not obtaine that which hee pretended notwithstanding that hee offered to doe homage to the emperour and to pay him tribute for the realme of Fez. Hee knew well there was no great assurance in the promises of those Barbariens who are naturally disloyall and that it was in vaine to make any enterprises in Afrike if hee did not altogether follow it else it would prooue but a fruitlesse toile and charge After long soliciting Buason returned into Spaine and made a like sute vnto D. Iohn king of Portugall who gaue him some succours the which had like to haue ruined him but afterwards hee made good vse of them 7 The Councell continued at Trent vnto the seuenth Session Councell transferred from Trent to Bolonia touching the doctrine and reformation of Prelates and the Pope seeing that Germanie was in such a combustion as there was no likelihood of any reconciliation hee thought it expedient for his affaires of Cologne to draw the Councell out of Germany and transferre it to Bolonia a towne belonging to the church causing a decree to bee made in the eight Session as if this translation had come from the motion of the Fathers that were assembled by reason of the indisposition of many which fell sicke through the bad constituion of the ayre and the discommodities of the cold and moist countrie The Legats went and were followed by the Prelates and Doctors of Italie but the Germanes were discontented wherefore the emperor vpon the complaints which were made sent his embassadors vnto the Councell of Bolonia which hee called an assembly which were Francis Vargas and Martin Velasco to the end the Councell might
slaine by them but verie cruelly intreated Some dayes before there arriued seuen Companies of Spaniards sent in three ships by the Viceroy of Naples to fill vp his number of two thousand according to the kings commaundement There came in like manner a galleon with many refreshings from Sicile and great store of munition They were haunted still with that infectious sicknesse in Malta 1560 whereof many dyed giuing in the beginning apparent signes of the vnfortunate successe of this armie Queene of Spaine conducted into Spaine Thus the secret judgements of God doe often make mens counsels and resolutions vaine the which in regard of the cause are held good but are not approued by his diuiue prouidence it may be to confound the wisedome of men but without doubt for our offences In the yere 1560 Isabella or Elizabeth queene of Spaine was conducted into Spaine to the king D. Philip her husband being accompanied by Anthonie of Bourbon king of Nauarre with other lords and ladies she was receiued at Ronceuaux by the cardinal D. Francis of Mendosa bishop of Burgos D. Inigo Lopez of Mendosa duke of the Infantazgo and many others who conducted her to Guadalajara where the mariage was celebrated At that time D. Gabriel de la Cueua was Viceroy of Nauarre in the place of D. Bertrand his father deceased who gaue the new queene a stately reception passing by Pampelone The same yere the prince D. Charles sonne to king Philip was sworne and acknowledged to be true successor in the realmes of Castille Nauarre Arragon c. after the accustomed maner of Spaine But to the returne to the warre of Barbarie The Catholike kings nauie stayed many dayes at Malta by reason of the contrarie windes so as in the beginning of the yeare the Generall although he were persuaded by the great Master to stay vntill the weather were better setled commaunded the armie to imbarke and about the middest of Februarie he came to the island of Gerbe where hauing discouered two ships of Alexandria laden with marchandise lying within the chanell they tooke and spoyled them but they vsed no diligence to take two vessels that went with oares which lay more within the which afterwards were no small hurt vnto them Dragut was there with seuen hundred Turkes and Moores on horsebacke and three thousand foot being then in quarell with the Xec or lord of the island who also had good numbers of Arabians and Moores and expecting aid from the Christians was continually in armes against his enemies Drâ—gut held that part of the island which was towards the chanell hauing kept those two vessels readie to send vnto Constantinople Christianr army at Gerbe or to flie away if necessitie forced him hauing no hope to escape on the other side whereas the Xec lay with his forces especially if all the Christians armie were landed whereof a part went to land to fetch fresh water being led by Aluaro de Sandy where skirmishing nine houres together during their watering they receiued no great losse and slue many enemies In the retreat Aluaro was shot in the flanke yet could they not possibly take any one prisoner to be informed of the state of things which was afterwards thought to haue stayed the victorie and to haue ruined their enterprise when as by the taking of the two galliots Dragut could not possibly haue escaped after which the taking of Tripoli had beene easie neither should hee haue had meanes to send to Constantinople to aduertise them of the state of things in Barbarie and to procure an armie It was knowne afterwards that there was great store of money and jewels Occasion of a victorie lost by the Christians which Dragut sent by Vluccialy the pyrat vnto the Bassa of the port to procure succours from the great Turke so as if they had taken and burnt them they had obtained a happie victorie the which was not done partly through the negligence of them that commaunded and partly by the great diligence of the enemie who would not haue the Christians know what past in the island for that there was not any creature liuing found in the two ships all being fled to land In the morning before day the Christians parted with their armie neither could they put any to land in a fregate to discouer the state of the island the Moores were so carefull to defend the shore Two dayes after there came eight gallies to Gerbe the which had stayed at Malta for some prouision where landing vnaduisedly to water they were charged by the Turkes Christians slain by the Turkes in watering who slue an hundred and fiftie good souldiers and tooke some prisoners among which was captaine Pedro Vermudez and of the chiefe of them that were slaine were foure Spaniards Adrian Garzia Alphonso de Guzman Pedro Vianega del Rio and Francisco Mercato which disorder did much trouble the Generall being now at Secco di Palo with the whole armie and they were all much discontented to heare afterwards that a fregate of the knights of Malta passing neere vnto Gerbe had beene told by two Renegadoes that Dragut was there and that Vluccialy was gone with two galliots to Constantinople And which was worse the armie was forced to stay some dayes at Secco di Palo by reason of contrarie windes being an hundred and fiftie miles from Tripoli where drinking fresh water digged in those sands but of a pestiferous qualitie it brought a pestilent infirmitie into the armie whereof many dyed In the end a Southeast wind arising it did hinder their course to Tripoli and staying there infinit numbers dyed through the corruption of the ayre and water this pestilent disease increasing daily hauing wasted a great part of their munition and broken the Admirals ship by the mariners negligence hauing also lost two smaller ships laden with victuals at Chercheny they had not many men in the armie for this enterprise expecting footmen from Naples and Sicile and the Galeon of Cicala two galliots and some ships which had beene kept backe by contrarie windes Wherefore they resolued to returne and to land at Gerbe where they arriued the two and twentieth day of March and on the seuen and twentieth Aluaro de Sandy Marshall generall of the campe landed with their men Christians army land at Gerbe and some field peeces to lodge in good order neere vnto certaine wells of fresh water two miles from the castle towards the West At their landing Aluaros nephew died of a pestilent feuer carrying his name a young man of great hope he was much lamented by him and the whole armie Hauing at night made three squadrons of all his men they lodged neere Sandy not thinking it fit to goe vnto the wells for that hee found by many coniectures that the Moores had receiued them as enemies wherefore it would bee dangerous if lodging late they should bee charged by the enemy At night the Xec sent two men with a fayned Embassage intreating the
Charles made himselfe odious to them that were the motiues giuing them great meanes to confirme the king in the opinion wherewith they had seasoned him that he sought all meanes to trouble the state to make himselfe pleasing vnto the Netherlanders that he might haue a refuge there and by that means begin to make a breach in the Crowne of Spain adding with all to season their imputations that he was a fauourer of Heretikes so as hee was sharply and disdainfully reprehended and namely by the Inquisitors Inquisitors sharp persecutors of Prince Charles the which did wonderfully incense him so as beeing vanquished with impacience and griefe he presumed one day to enter boldly into the priuy Councell chamber with admiration of all them that were there but especially of the king who did preside for he feared to see or heare some impertinencie from his Sonne in that place where he neuer had accesse nor was not then called Hee demaunded of him with a feuere countenance what hee had to say and what had moued him to come thither It is said he my Lord to beseech you to giue me leaue to aske you one thing and that it will please you to satisfie me before the lords that are here present The king who feared to heare some importune curiositie sought to dismisse him instantly telling him that hee had other places to heare him and that hee should retire for that time But the prince insisted saying that it was onely to know if he tooke him for his Sonne and lawfull successour what demands of a Sonne are yours said the king Vertuous 〈◊〉 of a Son to a father yea you are my sonne and depart in the name of God Seeing then replyed the Prince that I am your sonne and that by nature I shall one day succeed you in the gouernment of your realmes I beseech you take it not in ill part if in this honourable assemblie I let you vnderstand that I haue not yet found that you haue thought of my future condition for you bred me vp as a stranger giuing me neither cause nor means to bee instructed in matters of gouernment or justice importing the good of your subiects hauing not yet libertie being of this age to come where it is treated nor to conuerse with such men as you imploy who rather seeke to estrange me which giues me iust cause to complaine vnto you and to beseech you my Lord to consider thereon and to excuse mee and then hee departed Hee was then full two and twentie yeares old This action ministred matter of discourse to them of the Councell whereas there was not good concluded for Prince Charles for that the opinions of his enemies which were the greatest number swaied it and the king continued in his conceit that his Sonne was a franticke young man without iudgement and that hee had an intent to inuade some Countrie to put all into Combustion for which cause hee desired to be imployed The Prince not content to haue made this had triall of his fathers inclination towards him Speech of the Prince to the Duke of Alba. hee continued his course hearing that the duke of Alba had beene appointed to goe to bee gouernour of the Low-Countries for hauing sent for him hee told him that hee desired nothing more than to goe from Court intreating him instantly to assist him in so honourable and reasonable a desire and to get leaue from the king that hee might goe with him whome hee did reuerence as a great Commander in the warre and one of the greatest statesmen in the world in whose Schole he should thinke himselfe happie to take instruction The Duke vsing many complements seemed also to desire it saying that he could not receiue a greater honour than to commaund vnder him in that troublesome charge where hee might assure himselfe of his humble seruice and assistance yet hee gaue him some admonitions knowing well how the king stood affected towards him wherewith hee was discontented This being auoided for the Duke of Alba what shew soeuer hee made had no will to be troubled with such a Scholer hee adrest himselfe a while after to increase his miseries to D. Iohn of Austria his vncle who it may bee had more ambition in his head than he to whose designes which were great D. Iohn de Austria contrarie to Prince Charles those of the Prince D. Charles must needs bee preiudiciall yet hee discouered himselfe freely vnto him being Generall at Sea saying that hee would steale away and passe with the Gallies into Italie persuading D. Iohn to assist him but hee deceiued him for hee presently aduertised the king which made him to cause him to bee watcht and his actions to bee obserued But behold the Queene was ingaged in these miseries The prince in all his afflictions had often recourse vnto his mother in law who being mild and courteous did willingly heare his complaints did pittie him comfort him and sought by all meanes to reuiue his hopes persuading him to vanquish his passions and to yeeld vnto the rigour and choler of the king his father and to let time moderate them with patience the which past not from the Queene without some free inuectiues after the French maner against them that were enemies to her and to the Prince threatning one day to be reuenged on them that were authors of of her câ—osses and namely against D. Ruy Gomes and a Confessor of the kings who possest him aboue all others and were the chiefe practisers of these Tragedies The which was reported vnto them for they had spies euen in the Queenes Cabinet by whom they were aduertised and the king by them of all the speeches which past betwixt the prince and her They fearing that by the force of coninguall loue Practises of the court of Spaine shee should put some consideration into the kings heart by the which hee might bee moued to examine this businesse with iudgement and that discouering their bad offices hee should take reuenge they resolued to presse the princes ruine and to draw the Queene into the same hatred that the king had conceiued against the prince his Sonne These men wrought so by their practised and coloured reports as they drew that heart alreadie vlcered into a deadlieiealousie of his wife slandering her with loossnesse adding that crime to the impression which they had giuen him that she fauoured the princes designs tending to open rebellion against God the king Moreouer to omit no imposture which might serue to transport this king beyond the bounds of humanitie and reason they let him vnderstand that by the reports of Phisitions and women attendants vnto his Confessor who made relation and to whose words he gaue great credit there appeared on the bodie of this Princesse certaine markes and spots which shewed an impuritie and corruption of the bloud which might infect the kings person if hee did accompany with her and so disperse it selfe into
Iohns feet and demaund pardon of king Philip That they should yeeld vp their armes and Engines That they should bee receiued into grace and all that was past forgotten That they should not be wronged by word nor deede nor molested by the Inquisâ—â—ion That they that were reduced should bee sent withall securitie with their goods wiues and children to such places as should be assigned them to liue in for they must leaue the Alpuxarres According vnto this accord a submission was made by Habaqui to D. Iohn at Padâ—les and the Ensignes being deliuered D. Alfonso de Granado Venega went to Aben Aboo to giue him better assurance passing by Alcolea where hee found Xoâ—ibi they went together to Cadiar where hee was well entertained by Aben Aboo and Habaqui and hauing had much conference vpon the assurance which D. Alfonso had charge to promise them such as they should demaund they proceeded so farre in their accord as most of the Turkes that were in the army were dismist and sent home well 〈◊〉 But after D. Alfonsos departure Moores after the accord retract many of these Moores considering better of the importance of this reduction began to distrust passing into Barbarie and returned not and for that they had left Aben Aboo in mind to retract they did solicite the Turkes and Moores of Afrike not to foâ—beare to succoâ—r them of Spaine whereunto they found many Lords among the Moores verie willing So as in a short time there came many vessels to that Coast bringing souldiers armes and munition from Barbarie The which confirmed Aben Aboo and others in the resolution they had neuer to put themselues into the hands of the king of Spaine nor of his Lieutenants beginning to hate and curse them that had dealt in this treaâ—ise and especially Hernand Habaqui This confusion among the heads did so amaze the common people of the Moores as they came in great troupes to yeeld themselues to the kings mercie and to his Gouernours and Captaines who had commandement to receiue them and not to suffer any outrage to bee done vnto them Others that could escape did more willingly passe the Sea for they did not submit themselues but through hunger and by an opinion they had conceiued that they could not prosper vnder their heads nor bee freed from their miseries by them seeing they were continually in discord The armies were still on foot during these Ambiguities yet somewhat neglected and weake for they still expected when they should bee dismist The Duke of Sesse broght his armie before the Castle of Fer which was a store-house of Turkes to succour them and tooke it D. Sancho de Leua did also take certaine foists The Captaines of places ranne wheresoeuer they heard there were any Moores in armes which made many to hasten their reduction Many souldiers being disbanded did not forbeate the Moores that had submitted but did spoile them and make their wiues and children captiues to keep them or sell them for slaues to preuent the which they vsed all diligence to draw them from their ancient habitations to liue farther off in places assigned them according to the accord and certaine diuisions which had beene made The more to incite the Moores to submit themselues the President D. Pedro de Desa wrote a letter of exhortation to the nation of the Moores in the Arabian â—ong as if it had beene some Morabite or Hermite of the law of Mahomet who persuaded them to barken to a peace and to free themselues of so many miseries causing many copies thereof to be made the which being dispersed among that nation did hasten the reduction of many Habaqui seeing that Aben Aboo wet back that the party was much diminished being diuided among theÌ„selues went to D. Iohn â—old him with great assurance that if he wold giue him fiue hundred shot hee would bring Aben Aboo bound vnto him D. Iohn would not giue him any men but hee caused eight hundred Crownes to bee deliuered him to leuie them where hee should thinke good and to performe what hee had promised Habaqui being resolute to imploy himselfe for the performance of the accord came to Vercheul where his wife and children were to haue them prepare themselues for hee meant to take them from thence and to carrie them to Guadix passing by Iessen hee saw certaine Moores walking idlely vpon the place of whome hee demaunded proudly why they staied to goe vnto those places which were assigned them by the treatie of peace To whome they answered that they attended the commaundement of Aben Aboo And I tell you replyed hee that if Aben Aboo be so tedious and vnwilling â—oldnes of a Moore I will lead him to D. Iohn of Austria bound at my horse taile These words were told to Aben Aboo by some one of these Moores whereat being much incensed hee sent one hundred and fiftie Turkes which he had reserued for his gard and two companies of Moores in whome hee trusted to goe and take him at Vercheul Habaqui hearing a noise in the night got out of his lodging and beganne to flie away who without doubt had escaped had not his white Turban discouered him a farre off which was the cause that they pursued and tooke him Being brought before Aben Aboo hee reproacht him with his presumption and proud threats against him that was his king telling him that hee knew well hee was a Traitour and that hee sought to make his peace apart with the Christians and bring all the rest of Moores to the slaughter or slauerie whereupon hee caused him to bee presently led into a secret place Habaqui straâ—gled and there to be strangled by his houshold Seruants and then hee caused his bodie to bee bound vp in a fagot of reedes and to bee cast into a precipice where it remained many daies and no man knew what became of him Being rid of this man hee sent into all places where the Moores were not reduced to aduertise them that they should not submit putting them in hope by counterfeit newes of succours by the Turkish armie and other such meanes yet hee did not leaue to write to D. Alfonso of Granado and to D. Fernand of Barrades the Mediatours that hee continued still in the same minde but the effects shewed the contrarie for a brother of his called Galipe hauing beene defeated as hee went towards Ronde and Bentomis with two hundred Souldiers to maintaine the Moores of that quarter in rebellion they vnderstood all his practises how hee did sollicite the Turkes and Moores of Affrike That hee made an accompt to haue twelue thousand men that hee made prouision of come that hee had put eight hundred men into Pitres and that hee fortified himselfe and prepared for warre Finally to free them from all doubt being prest by letters from Hernand de Barredes and by mouth by Hernand Valles de Palacios who was sent expresly vnto him to make declaration if hee would ratifie the
doubly There may be infinit examples produced but the remembrance of the last yeare is so fresh as wee need not to seeke farther and you must vnderstand that he which in time recouers a safe port with his shipping makes it knowne what counsell is most profitable if an vnfortunat chance happen But who can judge if going so farre into the enemies countrey to fight with him being much weakned either by our losses in fighting or by foule weather whether we can with safetie recouer our owne ports without doubt in this case few would be saued being knowne by experience a dangerous doctrine of rash men what bad counsell it is to follow a mightie enemie and to fight with him in the midst of his owne strength Both the Venetian Generals opposed themselues against the opinion of the great Commander so did Ascanio della Cornia S. Fiora and Serbelloni but especially the Generall Colonna who sought to infringe with apparent reasons and with the Popes authoritie whose expresse commandement was Marc Anthonie Colonna persuades them to fight to find out the Turks armie and to fight with it He said That he could in no sort yeeld to the opinion of Requesens being a new proposition and contrarie to the articles of the league where it was chiefly propounded to make an offensiue warre and he taught them how they should still stand vpon their defence which was nothing else but to confirme the enemie in the opinion which he had conceiued of the small valour of the Christians whereby he was growne more insolent The confederat princes said he haue had a speciall care in their conuentions to doe any thing that might daunt the pride of this enemie of Christendome and that he should sensibly feele the valour of Christians He will neuer feare any such power if we measuring all forces by the compasse of humane discourses dare not promise vnto our selues any thing from the help of heauen and yet let vs remember that we are the souldiers of Christ that we fight for Christ and that being vnited vnder his banner we need not feare that he will euer abandon vs if we shew not our selues distrustfull But I will not lay the foundation of all our hopes vpon the miraculous helps of heauen whereby I should seeme to confesse that humane force were not able to incounter yea to vanquish this enemie I should seeme to want judgement to counsell a battell without constraint and with apparent disaduantage and to tempt the pleasure of God with the dangerous euent of a battell Our armie then in my opinion is not so weake nor the enemie so vigorous that matters should bee brought to that despaire seeing that we haue here aboue 200 good gallies better appointed according to the opinion of men of judgement than the Turkes the which would equall their aduantage of number if the fame be true that the Turkes haue three hundred vessels For gathering these vessels from diuers parts they haue to make a number assembled euerie small barke of pyrats fitter to steale run away than to fight Wee must thinke that our souldiers do exceed the Turks in valour who often with many thousands could not resist hundreds of our and now it may be are not inferiour vnto them in number if we shall wel examine the qualitie of their vessels and ours and therein also we wil vse your authority who maintain that we haue the flower of all the souldiers of Christendome And to what end then serues this multitude of gallies these numbers of noblemen and souldiers and so much treasure wasted onely to goe neere the enemie nay not to approach neere him but to terrifie him with the fame of our forces and seeing that he doth not flie we to retire our selues into safetie But if that be not to be thought on yet to keep him from proceeding any farther in Cypres nor to annoy any more those miserable coasts those vnfortunat islands which be subiect to the fire sword of their barbarous crueltie But we are to attempt more to reuenge so many injuries receiued from them so as the religious arms of Christians being as it were awaked from a long sleep may be imploied in those actions which shal be held worthie of their auncient glorie And contrariwise what greater imputation can there bee vnto the name of Christians than after two such preparations within few monethes not to dare to looke the enemie in the face What hope will there then remaine to deliuer the realme of Cypres What will the world say of vs Oh let there neuer any thought of such feare come into our hearts let vs not shew our selues so weake let vs not so little esteeme the forts which are held by the Catholike king and the Commonweale of Venice that in case any vnfortunate successe should befall our fleet they should be a prey vnto the enemie Princes were woont to repose all their safetie in armies by land or in fleets by sea but since that they haue found meanes to secure their countries with ports and frontire places well fortified they haue not much esteemed the losse of a battell at land or at sea touching the conquest of anothers dominions for that the defence within walls is so long as that prince which was a looser may repaire his forces and come againe to fight with his aduersaries We haue now in hand the example of the realme of Cypres the which although it be farre from their lords forces yet two forts and those not very wel furnished haue made resistance aboue a yere and there is yet hope to preserue it sending some smal succours And shall we feare that so many strong places vpon this gulph and vpon the coast of Naples and Sicile shall be in an instant deuoured by the Turkish armie if any sinister fortune should befall our fleet which God forbid But if we my Lord Commaunder shall runne into such apparent daunger being at sea in these tempestuous times of August why will wee secure our enemies from the like daunger when as they after that imagined victorie will saile ouer being farre from their ports the Mediterranean and Tirrene seas in that daungerous season And if you shall say vnto me That in the Spring they will attempt some conquest of importance I will aunswer That our forts and the countrey which lyes most subiect to daunger shall be the better fortified And for proofe hereof this mightie Turkish fleet although it hath not beene any way hindered this yeare by our gallies what matter of importance hath it attempted yea in Candie and in these seas they haue receiued great losses comming neere vnto fortified places But let it suffice to haue hitherto discoursed to shew that the daunger is not so great nor so apparent in case we should loose a battell Let vs now come to the consideration of the importance and necessitie we haue to giue battell and then of the certaine hope of the conquest if we be
a reputation to be valiant among the Xeques and Alcaides of the realme and vpon this opinion they had charge giuen them of some troupe or cornet of horse at their instance vnder colour of religion saying that it was to make warre against certaine Moores and Africans which went to serue the king of Portugal and did annoy the other Mahometanes of their sect Muley Nacer brother to the king of Fez was very vnwilling they should haue this Commission giuen them saying that by the like practises and vnder a cloake of holinesse the families of Isdris Magaracs Almoranides and Almohades had raigned in Afrike and ruined the auncient royall houses Yet they had commission to leuie men and proued famous captaines in a short time for hauing for a time ouerrunne the prouinces of Duquele and others where the Portugals had some forts and done many gallant exploits they past into that of Sus which depends vpon Marroc whither their fame was spred and beeing there visited by many Moores and Africans of those marches liuing then in libertie without any king and who beleeued that their designe was to make warre against the Christians which did hold the coasts of Afrike vnder the kings D. Iohn the second and D. Emanuel of Portugal and the townes of Ceuta Tangir Arzille Alcasar Ceguer Azamor Mazagon Saphi and Cap d' Aguer farther off the castle of Arquin they had presently a great troupe especially for that king Emanuel entertained many Moores and naturall Africans Emanuel king of Portugal fortified by Moores so as that Christian king might at sometimes haue drawne into armes of those nations aboue fiftie thousand horse and twice as many foot Vnder the name of this religious warre the Xeriffes became strong and fearefull in the field and in fauour thereof they did obtaine of the inhabitants of the prouince of Dara in Numidia where they were borne the tenthes of their reuenues for vnto God said they the tenths of the fruits of the earth are due by auncient constitutions The citie of Turedant which is a seat royall and in olde time was the third member of the Miralmumins estate did not onely receiue this impost willingly but they also persuaded the other Westerne Prouinces to doe the like and to choose for their gouernour the old Mahomet Ben Hamet the father of these two Xeriffes Hamet and Mahomet Xeriffe makes himselfe master of Turedant by reason whereof he made himselfe master of Turedant made sharpe warres against the Moores which held the partie of the Portugals in the prouince of Dara and others A certaine Xec of the towne of Tiguint in the mountaines of Atlas the greater towards the prouince of Sus drew vnto the Xeriffes the people of Hea lying neere vnto him who did contribute the tenthes of their fruits and of the feeding of their cattell and in the end hee put them in possession of the towne of Tenest which is the chiefe of that prouince of Hea one of the best of Afrike and then they called themselues princes by the practises of this Xec who was a Genouois renegado But they were expelled by Nugno Fernandes of Atayde a Portugal who forced them to retire to Tazarot a towne of the iurisdiction of Marroc and in the meane time old Mahomet Ben Hamet the Xeriffe died His three sonnes continuing their enterprises besieged the towne of Alquel and tooke it from a Xec called Cidi Bugima Africain vassall to the king of Portugal and then they seized vpon the castle of the mountaine of Xanxaua the which they fortified and were continually assisted by the Lords townes and comminalties of that Westerne quarter of Afrike in regard of this holy warre After which they got more reputation hauing incountred and taken D. Lope de Barriga gouernour of Asafi who was the most redoubted captaine king Emanuel had in Afrike Notwithstanding Abdelquibir the eldest of the Xeriffes was slaine in this conflict The two others continuing their designes made themselues masters of Marroc a goodly great citie and chiefe of the realme by a notable treason practised against Nacer Buxentuf of the race of the Hententats who was king but hee held nothing in a manner but the very towne for all the dependancies were at that time held by pettie tyrans and the champane countrie by the Alarabes who in that countrie doe commonly hold Lords towns yea and kings in subiection This Nacer hauing often receiued the Xeriffes very kindly into Marroc Xeriffes seize vpon Marroc by treason and vsed them with all honour and courtesie hee was one a time poysoned by their fraud going forth to flie at the Heron with him They had suborned a certaine Moore who crossed these noble men in their way as they returned from hawking hauing a cake in his basket made of flower and sugar that was poysoned who seeming to go on his way like a traueller he was staid by the Xeriffes who demaunded of him what hee carried in his basket and if he had not something good to eate or to mingle with water to disalter the king who was there present whereupon this Moore drewe out his cake and presented it vnto the king who did eate thereof and dranke the water into the which he had steept it whereof he did not presently complaine but beeing come to Marroc he fell sicke and died within 6 daies In the meane time Mahomet knowing what would happen went to Xanxaua to fetch his forces to second his brother Hamet as they had agreed who by the meanes of some confederates which vnder other pretexts were then at Marroc seized vpon the castle euen as his brother arriued with his troupes and made himselfe to be acknowledged for king of the Marroquins and seeming with a counterfeit modestie to be very much grieued for the accident which had befallen king Nacet as a thing said he practised by some of his enemies vnknowne to him he said that his election was a blessing of heauen the which must follow seeking to pacifie the children of the deceased promising them honours and estates at their desires Then he sent to aduertise the King of Fez that hee had beene created King of Marroc and that hee would hold the citie of him and sending him certaine presents accompanied with submissions and promises he rested satisfied Thus he got the possession of Marroc and of the rights of that realme the iurisdictions whereof extend farre towards the South which as wee haue said were distracted by the vsurpations of pettie Lords and many townes also had infranchised themselues gouerning themselues like common weales but they reduced them to their old obedience The warres against the Christians and Moores which did adhere vnto them beeing the chiefe support of their authoritie and credit with the people they continued it and had diuers incounters with the Portugals but that wherein they did labour more curiously and wherein they were most fortunate for the setling of their greatnesse was to practise the Moores
of Austria his base brother one Iohn de Soto to serue him as a Secretarie a man by nature tending to great matters to raise his Lord and Maister to a superlatiue greatnesse and by the meanes of Pope Pius the fift to aduance him to the realme of Tunes Motiues of the bad vsage of the Arragonoâ—â— for their liberties The which beeing suspect and displeasing vnto the King fearing the diminution of his presented Monarchie after that hee had well obserued his dessiegnes and actions it was thought fit to call home Soto from D. Iohns seruice and to substitute Escouedo in his place In the beginning this Secretary Escouedo did serue his Lord Don Iohn well to the Kings good liking but in time they discouered plainly that hee troad in the same pathe that Soto had done entertaining secret correspondencies in the Court of Rome for his Maisters aduancement by the Popes poursute who possest him with an Imagination of the Crowne of England the which did much displease the King although it were no preiudice to him Don Iohn beeing returned soone after out of Italy into Spaine to receiue his commission and Instructions for the gouernment of the Netherlands he parted well satisfied and full of hope of this Conquest of England Beeing come into the Netherlands and hauing ratified the pacification of Gant made by the Generall Estates the Prince and the particular Estates of Holland Zeland and their associates with the Estates of Brabant Flanders Arthois Henault c. by which pacification all strange Souldiers should depart the countrie so as Don Iohn thought and such was his first and most assured desseigne to make vse of the sayd Soldiers in their retreate to execute this exploite of England But whether the Generall Estates of the Lowe Countries who had then made an alliance with England discouered his intent or not when as hee could not finde meanes to retire his souldiers by sea for want of shippes which they refused him that desseigne of England turned into smoake Notwithstanding that the Pope would haue assisted him as well with money as with Bulls granting him the inuestituure of that Realme to hold it of the Popes Sea The which the King of Spaine without whose priuitie this businesse was in the beginning managed hauing himselfe a greedy desire to that realme as did afterwards appeare could secretly crosse Don Iohn beeing much grieued in heart at this escape yet seeming still very obsequious and dutifull to the King hauing in some sort caused the Spaniards and Italians to retire but not far off and keeping the Germaine Collonels at his deuotion and not causing them to retire hee afterwards seazed vpon the Castle of Namur whereby all his practises were discouered and many letters were intercepted written by him and Escouedo his Secretarie Wherevpon hee was declared an enemy to the Lowe Countries Then hee beegan to treate secretly and to make priuate alliances in France with the Duke of Guise all without the King of Spaines priuitie and knowledge the which did mooue him much obseruing these courses of Don Iohn and his Secretary Escouedo whereof Antonio de Vargas Ambassador for the King of Spaine in France aduertised Antonio Perez Secretary of State to the sayd King who presently acquainted his maister therewith Among other things that Don Iohn said that hee had rather seeke his fortune in France with 6000. foote and 2000. horse then to stay any longer in the gouernment of the Netherlands On the other side Don Iohn by his letters which hee did write into Spaine made strange complaints full of bitternesse and despaire yea with threates if they suffered him to languish any longer in that estate and his letters were seconded by Escouedo who wrote to Antonio Perez whom he held to be a friend to Don Iohn and himselfe but hee discouered all their secrets vnto the King as it appeared by letters written from Perez vnto the King and noted in the margent with the Kings owne hand During all this businesse Escouedo beeing sent for into Spaine the King resolues to haue him made away either by murther or poyson as well for the great liberty and boldnesse hee vsed in his writing as for the strange speeches he sometimes vttered which were very displeasing vnto the King taking for a coulour a certaine proposition made by him to fortifie and man the rock of Magro and of some 6000. Ducats imployed by him contrary to the Kings intent In the end after that he had conferred with the Marquis of Velez and duly considered of all Escouedos practises holding it a dangerous matter to send him back to Don Iohn the King found it expedient to haue him slaine So Escouedo returning home to his lodging in the night he was murthered in the streete by Garcia of Arres and his confederates at the induction of Antonio Perez who had receiued commandement from the King Hauing beene formerly concluded betwixt the King and Perez that if the murtherers should chance to bee apprehended that Perez taking the fact wholy vpon himselfe should flie into Arragon whereas the King might more easily defend him then in Castile Escouedo beeing murthered in this manner the fact began to be discouered The widow and her sonnes made their complaints against Perez The King receiued them into his Councell of State but hee sent them not before their Ordinary Indge himselfe giuing the whole knowledge of the fact to the President of Castile and commanding him to talke with Escouedos sonnes and to the Secretary Mathew Vasques who presented their complaint to the end they might bee silent But all the Presidents admonitions were of no force yea hee made them more violent in their complaints Perez aduised the King to suffer this fact to come to a triall of lawe with a moderate slow poursute yet not to decree any thing or else that he would giue him leaue to retire from Court the which the King tooke in ill part promising him by the faith of a Knight neuer to abandon him and that hee would keepe him in his seruice But Perez in the meane time saw the storme approching whereof hee was the more assured after the death of the Marquis of Velez who had beene a liuely witnesse vnto him The King seeing him perplexed and in distresse for this death did confirme this promise againe vnto him more strictly In the meane time they doubled their complaints the which in like maner tending to the dishonor and to charge the Princesse of Eboly the complainants framed at large by writing and presented it to the King yet for all this hee gaue no sentence but being prest by Vasques to whom he had begun to discouer himselfe as appeared by the answer which hee made him in writing coppyed by Perez with a postscript of the Kings In the end the King commanded his Confessor to reconcile the Princesse and Perez with Vasques wherevnto the Princesse would not giue eare finding her selfe wronged for that she
death of the king of Spaine after whom followed a troupe of courteors on horsebacke then two other companies of horse sent from the Pope to receiue the Queene followed by such as serued the Cardinals and other noblemen After whom came a great number of gentlemen and noblemen verie gallantly appointed Such as carried maces of siluer which is the marke of a Cardinall being mounted vpon mules with solemne ornaments marcht before the companie of Cardinals who were attired in violet which is their accustomed habit to mourne in The Queene went betwixt the two Cardinals Sforce and Montalto hauing her Dutch gards about her and her mother with the Archduke Albertus following her After whom followed the great Constable gouernour of Milan the duke of Aumale the prince of Orange the earles of Egmont Gand Barlamont and Ligny with many other lords and ladies of great state and a great number of carroches and coaches full of ladies and gentwolemen In this order they came to the Emperours embassadours lodging passing vnder many triumphant Arches that were set vp in euerie street The king of Spaines spouse being come vnto the palace Entrie of the Queene of Spaine into the Popes Palace shee mounted vp betwixt two images of the two Apostles Saint Peter and Saint Paul princes of the Church which were set at the staires foot and then she retired her selfe into a chamber joyning vnto the which was the sacred Consistorie where the Pope was set in his Pontificall throne with his whole colledge of Cardinals where she stayed vntill the Oration was ended which was pronounced by Bernardin Lescot of Milan in prayse of the house of Austria and of the happie arriuall of the said future Queene After which she with her mother and the Archduke were brought in and suffered to kisse his Holinesse feet who receiued them graciously and gaue them his blessing After which the said future Queene was conducted to her cabinet which was prepared for her after a royall maner The next day hauing assisted at a Masse which the Pope himselfe did say the Queene her mother and the Archduke were feasted at the Popes owne table But the Sunday being the fifteenth of Nouember was the day appointed for the celebration of the mariage at which time they all left off their mourning weeds which they had worne for the death of the king of Spaine Mariage of the King of Spaine and put on their nuptiall robes where both princes and princesses and the whole Court shewed themselues so rich and sumptuous euerie one seeking to note his familie by the inuention of his liueries as the like had neuer been seene in Ferrara On the day appointed for this great ceremonie the Pope went before to the Cathedrall church being set in his throne with his Pontificall robes and diadem readie to say Masse The Queen being attired all in white after a royall manner and glistering with pearles and pretious stones of inestimable value being followed by her mother the Archduke and all the princes noblemen and ladies was so conducted as a bride vnto the same church by the Cardinals of Santiquatro and Farnese the which glistered being hung with cloth of siluer The Queene being set in a throne of cloth of gold vnder a cloth of Estate of the same and her mother with her the Archduke being also set in one of the same the Pope began the Masse After the Canticle had beene song the Queene was conducted neere vnto the Pope by the said Cardinals with her mother and a great troupe of ladies and in like manner the Archduke approached being followed by the princes and noblemen The king of Spaines procuration directed to the Archduke being read the Pope did consummate the mariage betwixt Philip the third king of Spaine in the person of Albert his vncle deputed by him to that end and appearing in his name on the one part and Queene Margâ—erite being present on the other She being conducted backe vnto the throne there was an acclamation of all the princes congratulating the mariage with wishes of all happinesse The Archduke staied still before the Pope 1599 vntill that the duke of Sessa came with the like procuration from the Infanta D. Isabella Clara Eugenia 〈…〉 which commission being read the said Infanta was maried by her Proctor to the Archduke Albert by the Popes hands Masse being ended the Pope caused the maried queene to approach neere the altar to whom he presented a consecrated rose all of gold the which his Holinesse doth commonly giue to queenes and princesses as a sword and a hat hath beene vsually sent by Popes to the chiefe princes of Christendome After which all the citie of Ferrara was full of feasts and joy for the solemnization of this mariage All places streets waies and houses both publike and priuat did ring with acclamations of joy the citie was full of maskes and dauncings and there was nothing omitted that might in any sort giue delight and contentment Hauing passed those few dayes which they remained at Ferrara in great joy and feasting they made preparation to goe to Mantoua The duke attended them at Rouere hauing sent foure companies of men at armes before who conducted the queene to Gouberne which is a castle situated vpon the riuer of Mince The queene of Spaines entrie into Mantoua there the queene going into the Bucentaure which was a verie stately gallie she was carried downe the riuer within a mile of Mantoua where landing she was entertained by the princes and then entred the citie in a Carrosse with her mother being honoured with pleasing sights in all places as she past The palace wherein she was to lodge was royally appointed but the Sunday after her arriuall there was a tragicall commedie represented vnto her beyond all admiration The duke of Mantoua entertained the queene so royally as besides the rich presents which he gaue he defraied 5000 foot and 4000 horse for the space of nine daies together The queene Entrie into Milan her mother and the Archduke going from Mantoua past by Cremona to Milan It were tedious to make repetitions of all the honours that were there done vnto the queene And for that Milan is now held by the king of Spaine they resolued to stay there and to attend the kings good pleasure being vnfit to passe into Spaine during the Winter season where the duke of Sauoy came to visit the queene with a gallant traine The greatest Monarches of the world are forced to giue time to time and to refer vnto it the accomplishment of their desires Their power be it neuer so absolute cannot make the seasons subiect to their wils neither aduance nor keepe them backe according to the commoditie of their designes If this could haue beene effected the queene of Spaine had not staied so long in Italie Queene of Spaine imbarks for Spaine the desire she had to see the king D. Philip 3 would haue giuen her wings to flie from
the which is ten spannes about and there is printed on it on two places The picture of Christ crucified with that of the Virgin Mary and Saint Iohn the one towards the East and the other towards the West and in like manner two crosses one towards the South and the other towards the North and about it there are Letters grauen which containe this Sibilline prophesie Christus Rex venit in pace Deus homo factus est This bell by ancient tradition as they affirme hath often sounded of it selfe and hath foretold strange and vnexpected euents This yeare one thousand sixe hundred and one on the thirteenth day of Iune this bell did found without the helpe of man and without any shaking the knepple striking sometimes on one side alone and sometimes on both sides of the bell at the first it gaue fixe stroakes then nine and afterwards twelue fifteene and in the end thirty stroakes continuing striking after this manner for the space of two houres and the greatest blowes were for the most part giuen towards the East and towards the South and diuers daies following it strooke sundrie times in the presence of the Curate of the place and of an infinite number of people vntill Saturday the sixeteenth of that moneth So as the bruit of this noueltie was spred ouer the whole Countrie and in the end it came vnto Sarragossa the chiefe Towne of the Realme of Arragon whereas D. Garcia of Villiapando Lord of Quinto and Villila was at that time who hearing these news went with his wife and daughters and many others of good accompt presently to Villila being desirous to see that with their eyes which had beene reported and for that after their arriuall the bell stood still some daies they held themselues very vnfortunate that they came not in time fearing it would sound no more But the next day which was Thursday being Corpus Christâ— day about sixe of the clocke in the morning when they were ready to goe in procession it beganne to sound very lowd and so continued diuers times vntill the day after Saint Iohn Baptists day that it stayed for a time and afterwards as if the clapper had beene guided by ones hand it gaue twenty great stroakes towards the East verie melodiously and so it ceased They say that they haue autentike testimonies in their Annales that this bell did found of it selfe when as Alfonso the fift king of Arragon went into Italie to take possession of the Realme of Naples and when as the Emperour Charles the fift died In like maner when as D. Sebastian king of Portugall went into Afrike and when as king Philip the second was extreamely sicke at Badajos at which time his wife Queene Anne dyed from which time vntill now it had neuer sounded This Bell did sound as I haue said when as D. Sebastiâ—n went into Afrike and the Portugals who alwaies produce some Prophesies assure that this bell did sound this yeare for the returne of their king D. Sebastian The accident of a man which termed himselfe D. Sebastian sometime king of Portugall D. Sebastian king of Portugall is so common throughout all Christendome as there is not any Nation but talkes of him yet diuersly The verification thereof would not onely giue pleasure and profit but would rauish many of them with admiration who beleeue him to be so as well as the others who hold him to bee an Impostor or a Magitian And with all it might serue for an example as well to those that are now or shall come heereafter in matter of wilfull and malitious incredulitie as well as in too indiscreet and light beleefe The Spaniards in this beleefe are contrarie to the Portugalls for they hold him for an Impostor Some among them say that he is a Calabrois borne at Tauerne others maintaine that he is Monke Opinion of the Spaniards of D. Sebastian which had renounced his order And others hold that it is one Mark Tulle Catizon born in a town of Apulia that he hath a wife liuing at Messina being induced by some Portugalls enemies to the Spaniards who by this pretext would seeke the deliuerie of the realm of Portugall which they say is held by the violence of the Kings of Castille That it is most certaine the king D. Sebastian was slaine at the battell in Afrike That he being dead his bodie was knowne and redeemed by king Philip the second for a hundred thousand crownes Others say that the Moores deliuered it without any money by reason of the accord made betwixt Muley Molut and king Philip it is true that king Philip did solicite them for it by reason of his pretensions That hee was honourably interred at Belem by Lisbone That foure kings accompting the election of D. Antonio haue raigned since his death That it is not likely that king Sebastian should haue continued two and twentie yeres a prisoner and a wanderer about the world and not haue a desire nor find any means to make himselfe to be knowne for him who this Impostor saies he is Moreouer the miserable estate wherein this affronter hath long liued among poore people and in the end was seene in Italie before hee saied who hee was hauing not written vnto any of the Princes of Christendome That hee could not answer pertinently to all the demands made vnto him by the Seigniory of Venice who had deliberately examined him both in prison and at liberty And that he had not all the markes which the deceased king D. Sebastian had That the king D. Sebastian was flaxen haired and this Impostor is blacke That he doth not speake good Portugall That in all Ages there haue beene some seene to resemble one an other in countenaunce to be of the like stature and to haue like markes That it is not now alone that there haue beene such Impostors which said they were the king D. Sebastian yea a Mason borne in the Iland of Tercere was so impudent as to affirme himselfe to be the same who was followed by some Portugalls armed and if he had entred into Lisboâ—e on Assention day as he had resolued and had written vnto the Gouernour he had been receiued by all the Portugalls for their king D. Sebastian but others say that onely some pesants of the countrey followed him and that he had written vnto the cardinall Albert to leaue Portugall but being taken and knowne for an Impostor he was hanged That also in a Prouince of Portugall called Beira a certain Portugall of base condition maintained himself to be the king D. Sebastian the which was giuen out to be so true as Albert Cardinall of Austria then Viceroy of Portugall was resolued as the Portugalls themselues say to retire himselfe into Castille yet by the aduice of the fiue Gouernors of Portugall which gouerned the realme ioyntly with him he sent to captaine Gill de Mesa who at this day is one of the French Kings chamber to go and apprehend
the royall galley of Naples and to be brought to Seuile in the galley of D. Pedro de Toledo the Generall there to be more safely kept But afterwards to take all knowledge from the world hee caused him to be shut vp in the castle of S. Lucar Gallerien put in the Castle of S. Lucar The Portugals hope that hee shall come forth in despight of all his enemies and fulfill all the prophecies that are made of him and recouer possession of his realmes It is in the power of the king of Spaine but it is not likely that hee will seeke to verifie the qualitie of this person by any other meanes for if hee causeth him to bee declared an impostor and to be punished the Portugals who had procured him to maintaine himselfe to be their king Policie of the Counsel of Spaine might hereafter suborne another to the same end whereas so long as they shall beleeue this man is aliue they will not attempt any thing infauour of another and this man beeing detained perpetually in prison or in the galleys shall daily feele the paines of death without dying And if he were duely proued to be such as he qualifies himselfe reason and equitie would require that he should bee restored to the iust and lawfull possession of his Estates which is the fairest rose of the Spaniards girland and the rarest pearle of his cabinet Whatsoeuer hee bee Donatus and Delphinus Procurators of Saint Marc at Venice beeing sent to congratulate the French kings victories and his mariage they were demanded by the Prince of Conde what iudgement the seigniorie of Venice made of him who called himselfe king of Portugall to whom they made no other answer but that the State had done what it might in his cause and that he had beene ill counselled and conducted This yeare the Queene of England was much troubled with her rebels in Ireland by reason of the aide and support they receiued from Spaine Spaniards sent into Ireland the king sending D. Iohn d' Aguilar vnto them with aboue two thousand old souldiers in sixe ships they came to Castel-hauen Baltemoore and Beer-hauen all three important places here they landed their men with an intent to fortifie them beeing then about the end of September Sir Richard Leuison who was Admiral of some of the Queens ships lying then in the hauen of Kinsale hearing of the Spaniards comming into the aboue named ports he drew forth his ships both against wind and weather went fought with the Spaniards within Castel-hauen where he did so batter them as he made 5 of their 6 shippes vnseruiceable most of their men were landed before he came by reason of the weather who played dangerously vpon him with their ordnance from the land whereof they were wel furnished with great store of munition Presently after D. Iohn d' Aguilar put himselfe into Kinsale with most of his Spaniards where he fortified himselfe whither in October after Kinsale besieged 〈◊〉 the Spaniards in it the Lord Montioy Lord Deputie of Ireland and Generall of her Maiesties forces in that kingdome came with an armie to besiege him the which continued long in a very vnseasonable time and was in shew very dangerous for the English for they within the towne were for the most part old souldiers well armed and in no want as was supposed and without the rebels were all in armes and had drawne their forces together which were the greatest that euer had bin seene together in Ireland being sixe thousand foot whereof there were sixe companies of the new arriued Spaniards and fiue hundred horse and began to march towards Kinsale with an assured hope to releeue the towne raise the siege and defeat the English if they of the towne did sallie forth when as Tâ—rone and Odonell should giue charge vnto the campe they had great reason to hope for good successe for the English were scarce so many in number all in a manner tyred with the miseries of a long winters siege their horses weake and decaied and likely to want victuals Notwithstanding continuing their approaches still towards the towne as if they regarded not the rebels on the twentieth of December at night the Lord Deputie had intelligence that Tyrone and the rebels would campe the next night within a mile and a halfe of them with all their forces and so on the 21 day at night he shewed himselfe with most of his horse and foot vpon the toppe of a hill within a mile of the English campe I must craue pardon if I make a relation of this battell and the ouerthrowe of the rebels armie in this historie of Spaine Reasen why this is inserted into the history both for that they were then relieued by the king of Spaine with money men and munition and supported in their rebellion and also for that the yeelding vp of Kinsale by the Spaniards depended wholly vpon this action Tyrone shewing himselfe as I said before and seeing two regiments of foot with some horse drawne out of the campe and marching towards him he retired to the other side of the hill where he camped that night beeing fortified both with woods and water One the three and twentieth day the Lord Deputie was aduertised Letters from D. Iohn de Aguilar to the L. Deputie and had also intercepted letters written from D. Iohn d' Aguilar Generall of the Spaniards and commaunder within the towne by which he did presse and importune Tyrone to make an attempt vpon the English campe intimating his wants and likelihood to be soone forced putting the rebels in mind of their faithfull promises to succour him and of the easinesse of the enterprise and vndoubted successe assuring them that the English were much decayed in numbers and that those which remained were much weakened with that long winters siege so as it was not possible they should be able to maintaine so much ground as they had taken when their strength was full if they on the one side and he on the other charged them at one instant which he for his part promised to doe whensoeuer they should giue the attempt It seemeth that vpon this aduice they resolued to put it in execution that night or the next following In the meane time they gaue the English continuall alarmes and made sallies from the towne keeping them still in action that they might be the lesse able to make resistance when they were charged But the Lord Deputie prouided for all inconueniences making forts barricadoes and trenches and fortifying all the approaches to the towne keeping good gards and his armie ready vpon all occasions On the 23 day at night hee was assured that the next day the rebels would charge his campe whereupon he commanded the whole armie to be in readinesse Tyrone had an intent early in the morning to put all his Spaniards into the towne with eight hundred of his best Irish vnder Tyrrell but seeing at the breake
of day some of the English troupes aduance hee made a stand and then retired to the body of their armie The Lord Deputy giuing the charge of the camp to Sir George Carew then L. President of Munster to attend the Spaniards within the towne hee drewe forth part of his forces beeing about foure hundred horse and a thousand and two hundred foot and hearing that the enemie retired disorderly Rebels and Spaniards defeated in Ireland hee aduanced towards them who still retired with feare In the end omitting euery particular circumstance touching the marshalling of the English armie to them that write that historie they ouertooke the rebells charged them and put them to rout The Spaniards being abandoned by the Irish were almost all slaine D. Alonso d' Ocampo their colonell with three Captaines sixe Alferez and fortie souldiers were taken prisoners There were found of Irish onely twelue hundred bodies dead vpon the place and about twelue hundred hurt whereof many died that night The rebels lost two thousand armes which were brought forth all their munition their drummes nine ensignes whereof sixe were Spanish the English had but one man slaine and not aboue tenne hurt Thus they got a miraculous victorie to the great honor of the Lord Deputie and of all that commanded vnder him After this glorious victorie the Lord Deputie posted that present day vnto the camp lest the Spaniard should haue made some sally in his absence but they had not attempted any thing the next day he commaunded the approaches vnto the towne should be aduanced nearer But after fiue or sixe daies worke D. Iohn d' Aquilar who commanded the forces within the towne offered to parle and sent a drumme with a letter sealed vp to the Lord Deputie by the which he demaunded that some men of qualitie and sufficiencie might be sent into the towne from his Lordship to conferre with him whom hee would acquaint with such conditions as hee then stood vpon whereunto the Lord Deputie condescended imploying sir William Godolphin in that busines the which was managed after this maner according to the originall D. Iohn told sir William D. Iohn d' Aquilars speech that hauing found the Lord Deputie whom hee termed Viceroy although a furious and powerfull yet an honourable enemie and the Irish not onely weake and barbarous but as he feared treacherous friends he was so farre in his affections reconciled to the one and distasted with the other as it did inuite him to make an ouerture of such a composition as might be safe and profitable for the state of England with least preiudice to the Crowne of Spaine by deliuering into the Viceroyes power the towne of Kinsale with all other places in Ireland held by the Spanish so as they might depart vpon honourable termes fit for such men of warre as are not inforced by necessitie to receiue conditions but willingly induced vpon iust respects to disingage themselues and to leaue a people by whom their king and master had bin so notoriously abused if not betrayed That if the Viceroy liked to entertaine further parley touching this point he would first be pleased to vnderstand them rightly and to make his Propositions such as might be sutable to men throughly resolued rather to bury themselues aliue and to indure a thousand deaths than to giue way to one article that should tast of basenesse or dishonor being so confident of their present strength and the royall succors of Spaine as they should make no doubt of yielding a good accompt of themselues and of their interest in this kingdome but that a just disdaine and splene conceiued against the nation dissuaded them from beeing farther ingaged for it than of necessitie they must Sir William Godolphin hauing charge from the Lord Deputie only to receiue D. Iohns propositions and demaunds hauing made this relation to his Lordship and the Councell he was sent backe by them with this answer following That although the Lord Deputie hauing lately defeated their succours Answer from the Lord Deputie to D. Iohn did so well vnderstand his owne strength and their weakenesse as it made him nothing doubt of forcing them within a short time whom hee knew to be prest with vnresistable difficulties how much soeuer they laboured to couer and conceale them yet knowing that her sacred Maiestie out of her gratious and mercifull disposition would think the glorie of her victorie blemished by a voluntary effusion and obstinate expence of bloud was content to entertaine this offer of agreement so as it might be concluded vnder such honourable Articles for her Highnesse as the aduantage she had against them gaue reason to demaund The which were the same that are set downe in the Articles of Agreement following signed by the Lord Deputie D. Iohn and others sauing that there was an Article more in them for the leauing of his treasure munition ordnaunce and the Queens naturall subiects to her disposition all which points he did peremptorily refuse Protesting that both he and all his would rather indure the last of miseries than be found guilty of so soule a treason against the honor of his prince and the reputation of his profession although hee should find himselfe vnable to subsist much more now when as hee might not onely hope to sustaine the burthen of the warre for a time but with patience and constancy in the end ouercome it That hee tooke it so ill to be misunderstood in hauing articles of that nature propounded vnto him as were they but once againe remembred in the capitulation the Viceroy should from thenceforth vse aduantage of his sword and not the benefit of his former offer adding that the Viceroy might rather thinke to haue made a good and profitable purchase for the realme of England if with the expence of two hundred thousand ducats hee had procured D. Iohn to quit his interest and sooting but in Baltemore alone speaking nothing of Kinsale Castel-hauen Beerhauen for said he suppose that all wee with the rest of our places here had perished yet would that Peninsula being strong of its owne nature bettered by our art and industrie furnished as it is with victuals munition and good store of ordnance preserue vnto the king of Spaine a safe and commodious Port for the arriuall of his fleet and bee able to maintaine it selfe against a Land armie of tenne thousand vntill Spaine being so deepely ingaged did in honour releeue them which would drawe on a more powerfull inuasion than the first being vndertaken vpon false groundes at the instance of a base and barbarous people who in discouering their weakenesse and want of power haue armed the king my master to relie vpon his owne strength being bound in honour to relieue his people which are ingaged and to cancel the memorie of our former misfortunes But this is spoken said he in case the Viceroy be able to force this town as I assure my selfe hee cannot hauing vpon mine honour
within these walles at this instant aboue two thousand fighting men which are strong and able besides which some hauing been sicke and hurt recouer daily the greatest part of these consisting of old Soldiers which fal not but by the sword and those that were new being now both trained to their arms and acquainted with the clymate are more able to endure than at the first our means as good as they haue beene any time these two moneths such as Spaniards can wel indure and able to suffice vs three moneths more wee lodge in good warme houses haue store of munition and which is best of all stand well assured that our succour will be here shortly To bee plaine wee preserue our men and reserue our strength the best we may hoping to front you in a breach which if our hearts faile vs not wee haue hands and brests enow to stop against treble your forces but I wil giue the Viceroy this right that his men are passing good yet spent and tyred with the miseries of a Winter seege which hee hath obstinately maintained beyond my expectation but with such caution and vpon so good gard as hauing nicely watched all aduantages I could neuer fasten a salley yet vpon him but with losse to my selfe wherein I must confesse my hopes were deceiued that grounding vpon some error in his approaches I promised vnto my selfe the defear of at least a thousand men at one blow But when wee meet vpon a breach I am confident vpon good reasons to lay fiue hundred of your best men on the ground and rest hopefull that the losse of those will make a great hole in an army which hath already suffered so much extremity But to conclude our businesse the king my master sent me to assist the Condees Oneale and Odonnel presuming on their promise that I should within few daies after the arriuall of our forces haue ioyned with them I expected them long in vaine sustained the Viceroys armie saw them drawne to the greatest head they could possibly make lodged within two miles of Kinsale fortified with certaine companies of Spaniards euerie houre promising to releeue vs and beeing ioyned together to force your campe At last wee saw them broken with a handful of men and dispersed into diuers parts of the world Odonnel into Spain Oneale into the farthest parts of the North so as now I finde no such Condees in rerum natura as I came to ioine with and therefore haue mooued this accord the rather to disingage the king my master from assisting a people so vnable in thēselues as the whole burthen of the warre must lie vpon him and so prefidious as perhaps they might be drawne in the end to betray him Vpon relation made by Sir William Godolphin to the Lord deputy Councel of these offers made by D. Iohn it was thoght good for many important reason to proceed roundly to an accord there being nothing propounded by him that admitted any exception but that he demanded to carrie away his ordnance 1601 munition treasure which did not so much import as it should breake off the treatie which concerned the common good and safety of the kingdom whereupon a composition was made vpon these articles following 1 That said D. Iohn d' Aguilar shall quit the places which he holds in this kingdome as well the towne of Kinsale Articles of the accord at Kinsale as those which are held by the Spaniards or other souldiers vnder his command in Castell-hauen Baltemore and in the Castell of Beerhauen or other places to the Lord deputie or to whome he shall appoint giuing him safe transportation sufficient shipping and victuals for his said Souldiers with the which the said D. Iohn may passe with them into Spaine if he may at one time if not at two shippings 2 That the Souldiers which are at this present vnder the command of the said D. Iohn in this kingdome shall not beare armes against the Queenes Maiesty of England whensoeuer supplies shall come from Spaine vntill the said Souldiers be vnshipped in some of the Ports of Spaine being sent away as soone as may be by the Lord Deputy as hee promiseth vpon his faith and honour 3 For the accomplishment whereof the Lord deputy offereth to giue free pasport to the said D. Iohn and his army as well Spaniards as other nations whatsoeuer that are vnder his command and that he may depart with his armes munition money ensignes displaied artillerie and any other prouisions for warre or other things both that which is in Castel-hauen Kinsale and other places 4 That they shall haue ships and victuals sufficient for their money after such rates as they vse here to pay That all the Souldiers and the said things may be shipt if it bee possible at one time if not at two and that to bee within the time aboue mentioned 5 That if by contrarie winds or any other accidents there shall come into any of the ports of Ireland or England any of those ships wherein the said Soldiers shall passe they shall bee intreated as friends and may ride safely in the harbour be victualled for their mony shal moreouer haue such things as shal be needful to furnish thē for their voiage 6 That during the time they shall stay for shipping victuals shall be giuen to D. Iohns people at reasonable rates 7 That there shall be cessation of armes of either side security giuen that no wrong be offered to any one 8 That the ships wherein the said Souldiers shall be transported for Spaine may passe safely by any of the queenes Maiesties ships of England and so shal the said Queenes and her subiects by those that shal go from hence and the said ships being ariued in Spaine shall return as soone as they haue vnshipt their men without any impediment giuen thē by his Maiestie or any other person in his name but rather they shall shew them fauour and help them if they need any thing and for securitie thereof they shall deliuer into the Lord deputies hands three Captaines such as he shall chose 9 For assurance of the performance of these articles D. Iohn promiseth that hee will confirme and sweare to accomplish this agreement whereunto some of the captaines vnder his charge shall in like maner sweare 10 That the said D. Iohn shall remain within the realme of Ireland where the Lord deputy shal appoint vntill the last shipping vpon his Lordships word if it happen that his soldiers be shipt all at once the said D. Iohn may go in the same fleet without any let but rather the Lord deputy shall giue him a good ship wherein he may passe and if his men go in two shippings then he shall go in the last 11 And in like maner the said Lord deputy shal confirm sweare the same giue his word in the Q. Maiesties behalf his own to keep accomplish this accord that the chiefe
twenty crosses belonging to seuerall Churches with many pictures and holy relikes Monkes Morris dancers like Gipsies Beastes with fire workes wild men and such like vanities as it should seeme to draw the people more readily to admiration After these followed diuers other Church-relikes with certaine Augustine and Franciscane Friers with their relikes Many Church-men had Tapers in their hands the king Pages bare Torches Then followed the Sacrament carried by foure Church-men in rich Copes after whome came the Noble men and Grandoes of Spaine and then followed the king with a Taper light in his hand of white Virgin waxe after whome came the Cardinals the embassadors to the emperor French and Venetians the Prince of Sauoy the Prince of Maroc with others euerie one carrying a Taper light The same day D. Blasco de Arragon brought word vnto the Lord embassador that the king expected his comming presently vnto the Court for the taking of the othe wherefore there was order taken that the Noblemen and Gentlemen which should attend him thither should be furnished with Genets out of the kings stable Being all mounted the Constable D. Pedro de Suniga King of Spaine takes the othe with many other Lords and Knights were sent to accompany him And at the court gate the duke of Lerma and some other of the Grandoes staied to receiue him by whome hee was conueied through a long gallerie into a presence and so into an inner chamber where the king staied his comming and receiued him with a kind salutation and so took him along with him The king Sergeants at armes going first then followed the Noblemen and Grandoes of Spain then the foure kings at arms in their coasts of armes after whome came the duke of Lerma bearing the sword naked not vpright as the custome is in England but lying vpon his left shoulder and in this order the king marcht to a verie faire banqueting house newly built the embassadour leeger the Lords and diuers others following The king being set in his estate the Lord embassadour the Leeger were placed vpon his left hand the Grandoes and other Noblemen of Spaine beeing on the right but two degrees lower There was a little table set before the king wheron lay the Bible and a Crucifix vpon it The Archbishop of Toledo red the othe at one part of the othe the embassadour held the kings hands betweene his to which othe the king swore kneeling and laying his hand vpon the booke and afterwards subscribed the articles concluded by both kings On the last of May there was preparation made for certaine sports Iuego de Toâ—o and Iuego de Cana. as Iuego de Tora Iuego de Cana where there was a careful order taken that al the English shold be placed to see those sights About noone the king and Queene came on Horsebacke after the Spanish maner being attended on by many Lords and Ladies The Lord embassador was in one roome with the king and Queene and the other Lords not farre off These sports were performed in the market place being built round about with scaffolds the ground couered with sand There were fourteen buls slaine that day not without danger to many that were actors and the losse of some of their liues Which being ended began their sports of Iuego de Cana wherein the king himselfe was an actor First there came in twelue Atabales or kettle drums then followed thirty Trumpets al clad in Cassaks of red and white tafata then followed twelue great mules called Asemulaes with couerings of crimson veluet bearing bundles of canes chained together with great hooks of siluer then followed the kings Gentlemen and Pages richly suited being 32 in number For the two Princes of Sauoy there came two Pages riding bearing white targuets on their armes after whome were led three horses with caparisons of blacke veluet richly imbrodered with pearle then followed twelue other horses their caparisons of blacke veluet but imbrodered with siluer For the duke of Lerma were led six horses with caparisons of white and red his Groomes and Pages attending were suteable For the Constable were led foure and twenty horses of seruice in white and greene his Pages and groomes all suted alike There were eighty horsemen which were actors that day in those sports being diuided into eight bands or companies besides the king and the rest aboue named there were many of the Grandoes and they were all men of speciall note in the Court of Spaine whose names for breuities sake I omit At the first they came riding in swiftly by couples with their targuets on their shoulders and shaking their staues after the maner of the Moores and Arabians Being all come in they diuided themselues into two parts either side hauing foure squadrons and euerie squadron ten in number Being al ready the kings side first gaue the charge and the others answered them so they coÌ„tinued chasing one another squadron after squadron and casting their canes one after another for the space of an houre and so the sport ended On the first of Iune Shew of the kings Horsemen the Lord embassador was inuited to see the kings horsemen in arms in a spacious place called El Campo consisting of launces light horsemen and Carbines to the number of two thousand of the which the duke of Lerma was generall these troups after some sallies one vpon another and certaine skirmishes drew themselues into a ring and so marching vnder the window whereas the king Queene and embassadour stood went their way On the sixt of Iune he was requested to see a maske Mask at Court aboue six of the clock in the euening D. Blasco d' Arragon came to conduct his Lordship and the rest through a priuate gallery of the kings to the appointed place which was the new built banqueting house where his Lordship and his followers were conueniently appointed The roome was furnished with 320 wax lights all set in standerds of siluer of diuers fashions Where after some songs and musicke the maske appeared after this manner There came first of al 30 musitioâ—s in long roabs of crimson tafata wel set out to shew playing on seueral instruments After whome followed six Virgins dancing one bearing in her hand asun another a branch of an Oliue tree another an anchor another a sword with two points on either point abunch of flowers Then followed a Chariot of an antick fashion drawn by two liued horse being exceeding little In the vpper part whereof sat the Infanta with a Scepter of gold in her hand hauing the picture of a Doue at the vpper end of it at her feet sat two other Virgins who attended her and on either side went diuers pages bearing torches of white waxe At the vpper end of the hal there was a rich State built all of Masons work ascending vp by degrees richly guilt and garnished with sundrie statues guilt also in which state there were three chaires set two great
Isabel were Isabel. Constance Alphonso By concubines Bastards D. Alphonso author of the familie of Albuquerque D. Peter who gaue himselfe vnto learning and made a booke of the great houses of Spaine D. Iohn D. Ferdinand A daughter maried to D. Iohn de la Cerde Another daughter a Nunne VII D. ALPHONSO the fourth sonne to D. Denis in the year 1325 hee raigned thirtie two yeares D. BEATRIX of Castille his wife mother to D. Pedro King D. Maria. D. Alphonso D. Denis D. Iohn D. Leonora or Fluira Queene of Arragon VIII D. PEDRO 1 of that name son to D. Alphonso 4 in the yere 1357 he raigned 10 yeres D. BLANCHE daughter to D. Pedro king of Castille whom he put away and then maried D. CONSTANCE daughter to D. Iohn Manuel mother to D. Lewis who died an infant D. Ferdinand King D. Marie wife to D. Ferdinand of Arragon D. Beatrix died young By AGNES de Castro a clandestine mariage D. Alphonso D. Iohn D. Denis D. Beatrix Countesse of Albuquerque D. Theresa Gallega a concubine D. Iohn who was King IX D. FERDINAND sonne to D. Pedro in the yere 1367 he raigned seuenteene yeres D. LEONORA TELLES de Meueses his wife D. Beatrix queene of Castille By a concubine he had Isabella Countesse of Gijon X. D. IOHN first of that name base sonne to the king D. Pedro he got the realme by his sword and also by election in the yere 1385 from D. Iohn king of Castille and D. Beatrix his wife He was before master of Auiz He raigned 49 yeres D. PHILIP of Lancaster an English woman his wife mother to D. Blanche D. Alphonso D. Edward king D. Pedro duke of Coimbra who maried D. Isabel of Arragon and had D. Pedro Constable who thought to be king of Arragon D. Iohn king of Cypres D. Isabel queene of Portugall D. Philip a Nunne D. Iames a Cardinall D. Beatrix wife to the Lord of Rauestaine D. Henrie duke of Viseo D. Isabel duchesse of Bourgondie D. Iohn Master of Saint Iames father to D. Isabel who was queene of Castille D. Ferdinand Master of Auiz Besides these lawfull children the king D. Iohn had by D. Agnes a concubine D. Beatrix Countesse of Arundel D. Alphonso Earle of Oren and Barcellos and duke of Bragance XI D. EDVVARD sonne to D. Iohn the first in the yere 1433 he raigned fiue yeres D. LEONORA of Arragon daughter to D. Ferdinand the first his wife mother to Children D. Alphonso king D. Ferdinand Duke of Viseo who maried D. Beatrix daughter to his vncle D. Iohn Master of S. Iames and had D. Leonora queene D. Dominike D. Emanuel king D. Isabel Duchesse of Bragance D. Philip a daughter D. Leonora wife to the Emperour Frederic the third D. Katherine D. Ioane queene of Castille XII D. ALPHONSO fift of that name sonne to D. Edward in the yeare 1438 and raigned 43 yeres D. ISABEL daughter to his vncle D. Pedro Duke of Coiâ—bra his wife mother to D. Iohn who died young D. Ioane D. Iohn king whom some call Ferdinand and make him father to Iohn which raigned and adde a third sonne D. Henrie XIII D. IOHN second of that name son to D. Alphonso the fift in the yere 1481 he raigned foureteene yeres D. LEONORA daughter to D. Ferdinand Duke of Viseo mother to D. Alphonso who died before his father By D. Anna de Mendosa a concubine D. George Master of S. Iames and Auiz XIIII D. EMANVEL Sonne to D. Ferdinand duke of Viseo by right and also by the nomination of king Iohn was king of Portugal in the yeare 1495 and raigned 26 yeares he maried first D. ISABELL eldest Daughter to D. Ferdinand and D. Isabell Kings of Castille and Arragon mother to D. Michel who liued little D. MARIA Sister to the said D. Isabell his second wife by whome hee had D. Iohn king D. Isabell Queene of Castille and Empresse D. Beatrix Duchesse of Sauoy D. Lewis father to D. Anthony the Bastard chosen king after Cardinall Henry his Vncle. D. Henry Cardinall D. Alfonso Cardinall D. Catherine D. Ferdinand D. Edward husband to Isabell daughter to Iohn or Iaime duke of Bragance had Marie duchesse of Parma Catherine duchesse of Bragance wife to Iohn second sonne to Theodosius Edward an after birth died in the yere 1576. D. Anthony he died soone after he was borne D. LEONORA sister to the Emperour Charles the fift mother to D. Charles he died an Infant D. Marie who being 56 yeres old died at Lisbone in the yeare 1578. XV. D. IOHN 3 of that name Sonne to D. Emanuell king of Portugall in the yeare 1521 he raigned thirty and sixe yeares D. CATHERINE sister to the Emperour Charles his wife mother to D. Alfonso D. Marie Princesse of Castille D. Catherine D. Beatrix D. Emanuell D. Philip. D. Iohn Prince father to D. Sebastian husband to D. Ioane daughter to the Emperour Charles D. Anthonie XXI D. SEBASTIAN Sonne to the Prince D. Iohn in the yeare 1557 hee raigned one and twentie yeares and died in Afrike leauing no heires XVII D. HENRY Cardinall Archbishop of Ebora sonne to the King D. Emanuel in the yeare 1578 he raigned about a yeare and a halfe XVIII D. PHILIP 2 king of Castille vnited the Realme of Portugall to Castille by force after the Cardinals death in the yeare one thousand fiue hundred and eighty and held it eighteene yeares XIX D. PHILIP the third doth now hold this Realme ⧠Archbishops of Toledo Eugenius first Archbishop Pelagius Patruuius Turibio Quince Vincent Paulacius or Pauiat Natalis Audens Astur Isicius Maioran Castin Melancius Campeius Cintuacinus Patron Paramacius Peter 1. Celsus Montanus Iulian 1. Bacchand Peter 2. Eufemius Excipius Adelphius Aurasius Heladius Iustus Eugenius 2. Eugenius 3. Illefonsus Quiricius Iulian 2. Sesebert or Sicarius S. Felix Gunderic or Guttiere Sinderic Opas Vrbain In the time of the Moores Peter Cixilas After the Conquest of the Citie of Toledo from the Moores Bernard Abbot of Sahagun Raymond Iohn 1. Celebrun Gonsal 1. Martin Roderigo Ximenes Iohn 2. Guttiere 2. Pascal Sancho 1. Sancho 2 Infant of Arragon Gensal 2 Cardinall Guttiere 3. Gonsal 3. Iohn 3 Infant of Arragon Ximene de Luna Gill Carillo d' Albornos Cardinall Blaise Blasco Gomez Manrique Pedro Tenorio 4. Pedro de Luna 5 Sancho de Roias Iohn de Contreras 4. Iohn de Cerezuela 5. Guttiere Gomes de Toledo Alfonso Carillo de Acugna Pedro Gonsal de Mendosa a Cardinal Francis Ximenes a Cardinall William of Croy. Alfonso Fonseca of Azeneda Iohn Tauera Cardinall Iohn Martines Siliceo Cardinall Frier Barthelmew Carranza de Miranda 76. Archbishops Moores Gouernors vnder the Miralmumins or kings of Affrike Musa in the yeare 714 Tarif Abdulazis tooke the royal diademe at Seuille Aiub who restored the ancient Bilbilis and called it Calataiub Alabor Adam Abderrahamen Iahea Adaifa Alcazazin Hieman Autuman Alhatan Manes Mahumet Abderrahamen Abdimelic Abubacar Redoan Toaba Ioseph Soueraigne kings at Cordoua ouer the other Princes Moores in Spaine
and did no more acknowledge the Miralmumins of Afrike Abderrahamen 1. yeare 757 Hizen his sonne 787 Haliathan sonne to Hizen 794 Abderrahamen 2. 819 Mahumet 839 Almundir 874 Abdalla 876 Abderrahamen Almansor 3. 889 Hali Hatan 2. 939 Aizen 2. 956 Zuleima 989 Mahumet 3. 993 Hali. 1001 Cacin 1003 Hiaia 1007 Abderrahamen 1007 Mahumet 4. 1007 Hizen 3. 1009 Ioar 1011 Mahumet 5. 1014 After these there were great alterations and changes among the Moores in Spaine sometimes free sometimes vnder the kings of Maroc and Fez in the end the realme of Granado was erected the which continued aboue two hundred and fiftie yeares vnder the kings which follow GRANADO Mahumet Aben Alhamar 1236 Mahumet Mir Almus his sonne 1272 Mahumet Aben Alhamar Aben Azar 1302 Mahumet Azar Aben Leuin 1309 Ismael 2319 Mahumet Sonne to Ismaell 1322 Ioseph Aben Amet. 1334 Mahumet Lagus 1354 Mahumet the Vermeil raigned two yeres but Mahumet whom he had expelled returned Mahumet Guadix 1379 Ioseph his Sonne 1392 Mahumet Aben Balua 1396 Ioseph 1407 Mahumet Aben Azar 1423 Mahumet the little 1427 Ioseph Aben Almao 1432 Mahumet Aben Ozmen 1445 Ismael 1453 Muley Alboacen 1462 Mahumet Boabdelin the little 1482 Muley Boabdelin 1485 This king being expelled from Granado by Mahumet aboue named retained Malaga Basa Almerie Guadix and some other places which were taken from them by the kings D. Ferdinand and D. Isabell some by force some by composition Boabdelin remaining sole king of Granado whereof he was dispossest by the same kings The Titles and families of all the Dukes Marquesses and Earles of Spaine THe duke of Lerma and of Cea They are called Grandes to whome the king giues leaue to stand couered before him All dukes be Grandes Marquesse of Denia and Villamisar Earle of Ampudia of the Councel of state cup-bearer to king Philip 3. and master of his horse commander Maior of Castille captain general of the horse of Spain and of the holy church of Toledo Adelantado or Lord President of Casorla the head of the house of Roias and Sandoual he holds his estate in Castille the old and his house in Vailledolit and in Denia 2 The duke of Frias Marques of Berlanga earle of Haro Lord of the house of the seuen Infants of Lara Constable of Castille Iustice Maior and high Chamberlain he is the chiefe of the Velascos his house is in Burgos his estate in Castille the old in the mountains of Biscaie and the hils of Soria hee is of the Councel of State and President of the Councell of Italie he had a daughter which was married to the duke of Bragance 3 The duke of Medina of Riosecco Marques of Modica earle of Melgar Vicont of Esterlin Admiral of Castille head of the Enriques he holds in house in Vailledolit and his estate in the Prouince of Campos Catalonia and Sicilia 4 The duke of Alua and Guesca marques of Coria Earle of Saluatieria VicoÌ„t of Saldicâ—s lord of Valde Comeia the chiefe of the familie of the Toledos he holds his house in Salamanca and his estate in Castille the old towards Portugal and the realm of Granado he is Constable of Nauarre and a knight of the order of the Golden fleece 5 The duke of Infantado Marques of Cenete and Santillana earle of Saldanes Lord of the royaltie of Mansanares and head of the Mendosas he hath his house in the citie of Guadalajara and his estate in the kingdome of Toledo and in the moâ—ntaines of Castille the old and in the Prouince of Alaua he is of the Councell of State 6 The duke of Medina Celi Marques of Cogolludo Earle of Port SaÌ„cta Maria chief of the familie of Los Cerdas his house is in Medina Celi and his estate in the Realm of Toledo Seuille he is of the bloud Royall of Castille 7 The duke of Medina Sidonia Marques of S. Lucar of Barameda Earle of Niebta head of the family of Guzmans he holds his house in Seuille and S. Lucar and his estate in the country of Seuille 8 The duke of Escalona Marques of Moya earle of Esteuan hee hath his house in the citie of Toledo and his estate in the realmes of Murcia and in la Mancha he is chiefe of the Pachecos he was married vnto the sister of the duke of Bragance 9 The duke of Oâ—una Marques of Pegnafiel earle of Vrena head of the familie of Girones he hath his house in Pegnafiel and his estate in the realm of Seuille and in Castille 10 The duke of Bejar Marques of Gibraleon earle of Benalcacar head of the Zunigas and of the familie of Soto Maior he holds his house in Seuille and his estate in the realme of Seuille and in Castille the old he is of the bloud royall 11 The duke of Albuquerque Marques of Biedma Cuellar earle of Ledesina head of the familie of the Cueuas he hath his house in Cuellar his estate in Estremadura and in Castille the old 12 The duke of Alcala de los Gasules Marques of Tarisa earle of Hornos and Villamartin chiefe President of Andalusia he is of the familie of the Enriques and Riberas hee hath his house in the citie of Seuille and his estate in Andalusia hee hath married with a daughter of the Marques of Castell Rodrigo Verrey of Portugall 13 The duke of Sesa and Terranoua Earle of Cabra and Baena head of the Cordouas of Aguilar he holds his house in Cordoua and Granado and his estate in the kingdome of Naples in the realme of Cordoua he is of the Councel of state and chiefe steward to the Queene 14 The duke of Najara earle of Treuigno Valencia of D. Iohn hee is head of the familie of the Manriques de Lara he hath his house at Najara and his estate in the Prouince of Rioje and in the realme of Leon. 15 The Duke of Maqueda Marques of Elche head of the Cardenas hee hath his house in Toledo and his estate in the realm of Seuille 16 The duke of Feria Marques of Safra head of the familie of the Figeroas he hath his estate in Estremadura and his house in Safra 17 The duke of Arcos Marques of Lara earle of Marchena head of the house of Pances hee hath his estate in Andalusia and house in Seuille 18 The duke of Gandia marques of Laiba head of the family of the Borâ—as hee hath his estate and house in the Realme of Valencia 19 The duke of Sogorue and Cordoua marques of Comares lord of Lucena of the bloud royall of Arragon and of la Cerde hee hath his house in the citie of Valencia and the Duchie of Sogorue in the realme of Valencia and that of Cordoua in Cattelonia and his greatest estate in the realme of Cordoua 20 The duke of Soma earle of Panamos admiral of Naples his of the family of the Cardonas he hath he is house at Belpuche and his estate in the Realme of Naples 21 The duke of Villahermosa
Inuention of Saint Iames Sepulcher 179 Indiscretion of D. Guttiere Fernandes 308 Interest of the French king to the crowne of Castile 352 Inhabitants of Pampelona refuse to doe homage to the king of Castile 387 Iniustice of D. Pedro king of Arragon to his brother 419 Insolencies of the French in Sicile ibid. Inuasion of Castile by the king of Granado 442 Integrity of D. Iohn Ramires of Areillan 573 Integrity of Leonora Queene of Castile 601 Intercession for D. Henry Infant of Arragon 684 Infants of Arragon loose all their land in Castile 704 Insolencies of the Constable of Castile made knowne vnto the king 716 Insolency of the commons punished 725 Ingratitude of Pope Calixtus 755 Insolency of the confederats in Castile against the Popes Legat. 800 Insolency of the Master of Saint Iames. 829 Inquisition in Spaine against Iewes and Moores and the fruits thereof 870 Integrity of king Fernand and Queene Isabel. 899 Inquisition in Arragon 927 Iniury don to the kings Receiuers 931 Indians gentle and tractable 946 Inuectiue made by the Constable Velasco against Cardinal Ximenes 926 Intreaty of the Infant D. Fernand to Cardinal Ximenes 954 Insolency against the kings Officers 961 Inigo of Loycla and his family 962 Inquisition of Spaine attempted at Mylan 1111 Inquisition reiected by the Arragonois 1120 Inquisitors what they be ibid. Imprisonment of the Prince of Spaine 1130 Inquisitors sharpe persecutors of Prince Charles 1134. they are chiefe of the councel of Spaine 1135 Insolency of the Spanish soldiers in Granado 1141 Insolency of the Spaniards makes the Moores reuolt 1149 Ioseph king of Granado poisoned 655 Ioane Queene of Nauar punished by the hand of God 764 Ioane Queene of Castile deliuered of a daughter vnlawfully begotten 767 Ioane Infanta of Castile newly borne declared heire of the realme 768 Ioane borne in Adultery the subiect of all the troubles in Castile 778. she is made sure to the king of Portugal 850 Ioane wife to the Archduke Philip heire to Castile and Arragon 963. toucht in her sences 882 D. Iohn of Austria opposite to Prince Charles 1134 he comes to Granado against the Moores 1146. his speech to the army at Lepanto 1168 Irone a chast Virgin 148 Saint Iren taken from the Moores 297 Ismael king of Granado slaine by his subiects 471 Isabel Queene of Castile fauors the Lords against the Constable 743 Isabella sister to king Henry reiects the title of Queene of Castile 805. shee procures a peace in Castile ibid. she is declared heire of the realme 806. she marries with Fernand of Arragon 817. her magnanimity 852. shee is sworne heire to the crowne of Castile 860. she is carefull to doe Iustice 867. she poursueth the rebels in Estremadura 875 Iulian an Earle brings the Moores into Spaine 153 Iudges chosen in Castile 196 Iustice and treasor the chiefe members of an Estate 846 Iustice established in Galicia 884 Iudgement of the Inquisitors against the Prince of Spaine 1131 D. Iohn affects to bee king of Tunes 1174. hee is made gouernor of the Netherlands 1180. he aspires to the crown of Eng. ibid. his death 1181 K KIngs of Spaine at the first what they were 7 Kingdomes erected in Spaine by the Arabians and Christians 24 1. Kings in the battaile whereas Attila was defeated 134 1. King forced by his children to leaue his crowne 191 1. King dispossest becomes his sons Lieutenant ibi 2 Knights of the Lilly in Nauar. 235 1. Kings of Spaine doe not acknowledge the Emperor 240 2. Knights Christians in pay with the Moores 247 1. Kings of Castile and Arragon spoile the heire of Nauar of his kingdome 249 2. Knights of Calatraua first instituted 304 1. Kings of Leon and Castile in quarrel 321 1. Kings of Nauar and Leon inuade Castile 330 1. King of Castile inuades Nauar. 335 1. King of Castile being young deliuered into the hands of them of Lara 350 1. King of Leon enters Castile with an army against his owne sonne 354 1. King of Seuile a Moore tributary to the king of Castile 363 1. King of Arragon asketh pardon of the Pope 370 1. King of Nauar confesseth himselfe vassal to him of Castile 387 1. Kings of Moores dispossest and chased out of Spaine 388 1. Kingdome of Tremissen 408 1. King of Maroc passeth into Spaine 409 King of Maiorca dispossest by his brother 422 King of Arragon set the Infants of Cerde at liberty 434 King of Granado deposed 455 King of Arragon makes warre against the Moores of Affrike 482 King of Castile inuades Portugal with an army 505 Knights in Castile executed 553 King of Nauarre sends for his wife 643 King of Castile beseeged by his own subiects 683 King of Nauarres lands in Castile for feited and giuen away 696 King of Arragon defeated and taken prisoner at sea by the Geneuois 709 Kings of Castile and Nauarre visit the Constable 724 King of Castile puts the Constable to death more through base feare then for the loue of Iustice. 745 King of Nauarre and the Lords pacified and reconciled to the new king of Castile 750 King of Castile contemned of his subiects 753 King of Castile makes warre against Nauarre 766 King of Castile reproched with the adulterat birth of his supposed daughter 781 King of Portugal abandons Zamorra 854 his base courage 864. he despaires 865 King of Manicongo becomes a Christian. 950 Kings of France and Arragon diuide the realme of Naples and dispossesse Frederic 966 King of Nauar and his wife in factions 885 King of Tremessen defeated by the Spaniards 1009 King of Tunes taken by his sonne 1010 King of Tunes expelled by Vluccialy 1160 King of Fez defeated by the Xeriffes 1185 King of Fez and Marocat warre 1187 King of Fez defeated and taken 1188. he is set at liberty ibid. Kings of Maroc electiue 1195 L LAnguage of the Spaniards at this day 30 Lauron taken by Sertorius in the view of Pompey 110 Lawes of king Sisebuth 146 Law made by the Gothes not to marry the kings widow 151 Law of defying a towne 246 Laurence Suarez betraies king Aben Hut who had entertained him in his exile 371 Lands called Beetries in Biscay c. 533 Lands of the crowne giuen in recompence of seruice 622 Lands confiscated being giuen away hinder the peace 715 Lamentation of Isabella of Castile 942 Landgraue of Hessen feared by the Emperour 1116 Lebrissa and the beginning 8 Leon taken by the Christians 171 League of Christian Princes and Moores in Spain against the French 181 Leon the Christians chiefe city taken by the Arabians 213 League betwixt the king of Castile and Prince of Arragon against Nauar. 289 Leira taken by the Moores 292 League against Nauar. 320 League against Castile made by Arragon Leon and Portugal 327 League betwixt the king of Arragon and the widow Queene of Nauarre 385 Lewis the French king quits his right to Castile 395 League and marriage betwixt Nauar and Arragon 491 Leonora de Guzman mistresse to the king
the death of Conradin of Suabe 421 Reformation of the king of Arragons house belongs to the Estates 431 Reuolt in Sardynia 482 Reuolt in Castile 485 Rebels of Arragon fauoured by the King of Castile 523. they are defeated by the king of Arragon 524 Reformation of the Iurisdiction of the Iustice Maior of Arragon 524 Reuolt in Sardvnia 525 Reuenues of Churches taken without the Popes permission 564 Records of Castile burnt 594 Rebellion of the Earle of Giion 602 Resolution for the Queene of Nauarre to returne to her husband 643 Red crosse the marke of the Order of Calatraua 659. Religious houses built by D. Nugno Aluares Pereira Constable of Portugal 699 Recompences giuen by the King of Castile to the Lords that followed him 792 Renee of Aniou chosen King of Arragon 808 Reformations in Andalusia 367 Rebellion pacified in Castile 936 Refusall of iustice cause of great troubles in Spain 939. Reconciliation of the Cardinall Ximenes with the Duke of Infantasgo 947 Reformation of the Infant Don Fernands house by the Cardinall Ximenes 953 Rebels defeated in Castile 962 Returne of the Emperor Charles into Spaine 967 Rebellion in Maiorca 968 Religion a cloake for tyrants 985 Retreat of Barbarossa from Tunes 991 Rebellion of the Gantois 1001 Rebellion of Goulette 1002 Returne of Prince Philip into Spaine 1035 Resolution of Aluaro de Sandi in the fort of Gerbe 1092 Reasons of the Spaniards for their precedence 1095. Reasons of the French for their precedence 1098 Retreat of the Turkes army from Malta 1118 Resolution in Spaine touching the gouernement of the Low-countries 1126 Resolution of the Christian armie at Messina 1163 Ricamed becomes a nurse of the Church 143 Riches of the Church of Toledo 252 Rights at the temple at Ierusalem 267 Rioie and Bureua taken by the Castillans from Nauarre 321 Richard of England chosen Emperor 389 Rigonr of Don Pedro king of Castile 556 Rigour of the Spanish Inquisition moderated 885 Riuer of Plata found by Iohn Dias de Solis 907 Rights of the Seigneurie of Venice to Cipres 1158. Romaines seeke to get footing in Spaine 35 Resolution of a seruant louing his master 36 Romanes resolue to warre against the Carthaginians 38. they are defeated by the Carthaginians 44. they procure them enemies in Affricke 45. they beseege Auring 62. they ioyne with the Carthaginians in battell 64 Romane Captaines chased out of their campe by their mutined souldiers 69 Romane Gouernors great exactors 70 Romanes defeated by the Spaniards 87. they are charged by the Celtiberians in a streight 90. they are defeated by the Lusitanians 97 Rome taken by the Gothes 131 Romanes assayled by the Sueues in Spaine and by the Gothes in Gaule 133 Royalty of the Gothes electiue 146 Roderic a vitious king of the Gothes 153 Rhodes taken by Muhauias 163 Romaines chased out of Spaine 166 Roderigo Dias de Biuar a valiant Knight 238 Rout and death of Don Sancho of Arragon Archbishop of Toledo by the Moores 409 Robert Sonne to Charles King of Naples put to rout by the Sicilians 440 Rocke of two Louers 674 Ruy d' Aualos Constable of Castile charged with creason 685 Roderigo Borgia a Cardinall 833 Rout of the French army at Noyan 965 Rome taken and sackt 975 Roderigo Portondo slaine by Pirats 979 Rome in danger to be sackt 1079 S SAgunt beseeged 37 taken by assault 38 Saguntins restored to their goods 45 they send Ambassadors to Rome 79 Saxons and french inuade Spaine 122 Sarasins why so called 162 they inuade Languedoc 171 Sancho Abarca King of Nauarre slaine by the Castillans 202 Sancho Emperor of Spaine 226 Sancho King of Castile slaine 242 Sancho Ramires king of Arragon slaine at the seege of Huesca 259 Saragossa beseeged and taken by D. Alphonso 271 scazed on by the King of Castile 285 Saluatierra taken by the Moores 339 Sancho King of Nauarre aydes the King of Castile 340 Sancho King of Portugale why called Capello 358 he abandons his realme and retiers into Castile 378 he is dispossest of his realme 390 Sancho of Castile resolues to dispossesse his Nephews of the realme 410 hee makes a league with the Moores to dispossesse his father 415 he takes vpon him the Regency and refuseth the title of a King 416 Saragossa made an Arch-bishoprike 461 Sardinia inuaded by the Arragonois 467 it rebells againe 479 Satisfaction made by the Emperor to the Duke of Infantasgo 1001 Salt water made fresh by a lymbicke 1091 Sancho d' Auila sent against D. Anthony 1215 Sarmiento fortefies the straights of Magellan 1225 Scipio sent into Spaine 39 Gn. Scipio and P. Scipio slaine and two Romaine armies defeated 47 P. Corn. Scipio vertuous but an hipocrite 51. he begins his charge with a greate enterprise 52 hee intreates the Spanish hostages kindly 54 hee giues thankes to the Gods for his victories and commends his soldiars 55. he pacefies a great mutinie ibid. hee seekes to win the Spaniards by his bounty 56. hee incourrageth his army to fight 58 he hateth the title of a King 59 Sytuation of new Carthage 33 Scipio relyes not vpon mercenaries as his father had done 62 hee deceiues Asdruball by his pollicy 64 hee beseegeth Illiturgis 65 hee rerelolues to vanquish or die 66. hee falls very sicke 68 hee makes an invectiue against the mutinous soldiars 70. he prepares to go against Mandonius 72 hee pardons the rebellious Spaniards and returnes to Rome 75 Scipio Aemilianus sent into Spaine reforme the army 106 hee repaires Lucullus faults 107 Schisme among the Knights of Calatrâ—ua 526 Schisme in the Church 595 Scio taken by the Turke 1128 Sutes of Iustice erected in Spaine by Constantine the greate 24 Seuerity in the auntient Romains commendable 50 Sedition a mischeife which doth import Estates 71 Seuenty against soldiars hauing left their gard 100 Sertorius warre in Spaine 109 hee is called by the Lusitanians 110 he defeates Manlius and kills Domitius ibid. his life is set to sale which makes him cruell 111 Seuile yeelds the primacy to Toledo 148 Sects in Mahomets religion 164 Sedition in Galicia 208 Seuile a royall seat of the Moores 213 Seditions reuolts and vsurpations amongst the Arabian Princes 244 Seditions and trecheries among the Moores in Spaine 253 Sect newly sprung vp among the Arabians of Affricke 294 Seuile beseeged and yeelded to King Fernand 380 Selga a kind of tribute 445 Sentence giuen by the King of Castile againg Don Diego Lopes de Haro 448 Sedition in Granado against King Mahumet 460 Sentence giuen by the Pope against the Templers 453 Seals taken from the Arch of Toledo 470 Seuerity of the King of Castile makes his Knights flie vnto the Moores 496 Sedition against the Iewes in Castile 630 Sentence against the Earle of Foix. 661 Sea of Toledo voyde foure yeares 663 Sedition at Toledo 738 Seditions in Caâ—telonia 768 Seditions raysed by two Archishops vncle and Nephew 775 Segobia deliuered to the confederate Lords 800 Seuile ill intreated by the factions of Guzman and Ponce
Marquis of Sentillana tooke the towne of Huelma from the Moores Castillans defeated by the Moores and had the castle afterwards by composition causing the garrison of Moores to be conducted in safety to Cambil and Halabar But Roderigo of Perea Gouernor of Caçorla being entred rashly into the Moores countrie was surprized by a great number of horse and foote lead by Aben Sarrax a wise and valiant man among all them of his nation by whom he was cut in peeces scarce twenty of his men escaping being in all foure hundred horse and a thousand foote yet this victory was not without losse of bloud to the Moores for their Captaine Aben Sarrax was slaine and many Knights of note The sacred warre of Affrick which was led by D. Ferdinand Maister of Auis and Don Henry Maister of the Order of Christ Portugal Infants of Portugal had answerable successe who hauing obtained by great importunity from the King their brother leaue to passe the sea had besieged the towne of Tanger hauing brought but 6000. fighting men out of Portugal The siege hauing continued thirty seauen dayes being well assailed and well defended The Portugals forced to accept of dishonorable conditions there came an infinite multitude of Moores both horse and foote to succour the besieged being lead by the Kings of Fez Maroc Velez and other Princes in person Wherefore the Portugals sought to retire themselues but beeing in a manner inuested by this great armie they were forced to fortifie themselues in their trenches and changing their condition of besiegers they found themselues besieged so as hauing no meanes to escape they must capitulate with the Moores for their liues and liberties promising to yeeld vp vnto them the towne of Ceuta and all the captiue Moores that were in Portugall Vpon this accord D. Henry and his men were sent back and came naked and stript to Ceuta the Infant D. Ferdinand remaining for hostage in the hands of the King of Fez vntill the accord were performed But D. Henry being returned with this disarmed armie into Portugall when as King Edward had assembled the Estates of the realme at Ebora being much grieued at this vnhappy successe to take some course for the deliuery of D. Ferdinand they would neuer yeeld that the towne of Ceuta should bee deliuered vnto the Moores but they consented to all other meanes to free D. Ferdinand the difficulties and delayes were such together with the death of King Edward which happened as for want of execution of that which had beene promised vnto the Moores the Infant D. Ferdinand past the rest of his dayes in prison in the hands of Infidels D. Ferdinand in captiuity in Barbaric with great constancie and a rare example of patience and religion comforting the other captiue Christians not onely for that they saw a Prince participate of their miseries but he did also incourage them by godly exhortations to continue constant in the faith of our Sauiour King Edward being very pensiue for this dishonorable losse but especially for the captiuitie of his brother going out of Ebora where as the plague was violent hee retired to Auiz and to ease the court and to spare charges hee commanded the Infants his brethren to retire to their houses Hee came in person to Pont du Soleil where hee caused a strong wall to bee made Death of King Edward to assure that place from theeues then going to the Monasterie of Tomar hee felt himselfe toucht with a sharpe and pestilent Ague whereof hee dyed in September this yeare 1438. beeing fortie seauen yeares old and hauing raigned onely fiue his body was interred in the royall Monasterie of the Battaile By his will he left all his mooueables to the Queene Don Leonora and made her Gouernesse of their children and Regent of the Realme About that time Don Pedro Manrique a prisoner in Castile at Fuente Duegnas Castille D. Pedro Manrique escapâ—s out of prison slipding downe with cordes from the castle wall he fled to Enzinas a fort belonging to his sonne in lawe D. Aluaro of Estuniga sonne to D. Pedro Earle of Ledesma whether presently came the Admirall Don Frederic his brother Don Henry and his friends with great company The King at one instant receiued this newes and that of the death of the Infant Don Pedro of Arragon D. Pedro of Arragon slaine at Naples who had beene slaine with a great shot assayling the cittie of Naples whereat he was equally grieued but with diuerse passions the Infants body was buried in the castle de l'Ouo This sort de l'Ouo and the new castle at Naples had alwaies held good for the Arragonois King René was come a little before to Napâ—es with twelue galleys of Genoua and was there receiued with royall pompe and state after which hauing sent back his galleys hee filled the citty and all places thereabouts with his soldiars hauing gathered together a great armie he began to assaile the neighbour places but with small effect There came a Herald in his name to King Don Alphonso being at Castellucci in Abruzzo with a gantlet dipt in bloud challenging him to a single combate Don Alphonso receiued the gantlet and demanded of the Herald if King Renè meant they should incounter in single fight one against another or with all their forces the Herald answered that the King his Maister would present himselfe with his armie Wherevpon King Don Alphonso replyed that seeing hee was the challenger it was in him to make choyse of the place and day of battaile and therefore he did choose the fields which are betwixt Nola and la Cerra whether hee would come within eight dayes with his whole armie to fight as his aduersary would At the day assigned Don Alphonso presented himselfe vpon the place and attended René who appeared not for that he had beene disswaded by his friends and seruants who came to lodge with his armie at that place from whence Don Alphonso was parted and tooke Castelluccio Alphonso on the other side tooke Arpaio in the valley of Gardano and so taking places and ruining the country hee marcht to Naples hauing aboue 15000. men in his armie with which forces and ten galleys he held the towne besieged where happened the death of the Infant Don Pedro as wee haue said But soone after Renè comming with the like or greater forces hee not onely preserued the citty but he forced the garrisons of the new castle Returne of D. Ihon King of Naâ—arre into Spaine and of the fort de l'Ouo to yeeld for want of victuals About which time the King of Nauarre returned into Spaine to ouer-throw those good accords which had beene made betwixt him and the King of Castile and to trouble all Spaine being of an inconstant and turbulent disposition The enemies of Don Aluaro de Luna the Constable relying much vpon the King of Nauarre Castile and his forces had banded themselues openly against him the chiefe
horse and as many chosen foote-men King Fernand promiseth the Moores liberty of their conscience Those of Alozagra yeelded vpon condition they might bee mayntayned in their consciences and religon the which the King graunted then they beseeged the towne of Caçaranouelle where the Moores made incredible resistance killing in diuers skirmishes greate numbers of Christians as namely Don Guttires de Sottomajor Earle of Benalcaçar a young Noble-man of foure and twenty yeares of age hardy and valiant who was shot throw the body with a poysoned arrow for whose death the king and the whole army were very sorry because these braueries of the Moores did make them become obstinate and encouraged others which would haue yeelded to make resistance The Army A couragious woman and constant in her enterprises with this losse without performing any other exploit then burning the country did returne backe to Antiqera where the King receaued letters from the Queene his wife which caused the whole army to blush for shame for shee let them vnderstand how that so goodly an army ought not to liue vnprofitably nor returne without doing some notable exployt wherefore being incourraged by a woman they retired againe into the enemies country and spoyled it euen to the mountaine called Sierra Neuada the King beeing lodged with a great body of an army within halfe a mile of the Citty of Granada to oppose him-selfe against the sallies which they of the towne might make vpon those that did forrage the Duke of medina and the Earle of Cabra being in an other place where as much as in them lay they spoyled the country and made it vnfit to beare frute the sooner therby to starue them The Queene had laden 5000. beasts of carriage with victualls which by the helpe of this army entred into Alhama where the King left Don Guttiere de Padilla gouernour who was nephew to Don Garcia Lopes de Padilla Maister of Calatraua in regard the Maister had promised to defend that place with the forces of his iurisdiction After-wards the army returned to Cordoua where the Queene being demaunded if shee were pleased with what they had donne shee answered that it was not fit they should spend the rest of the yeare in idlenesse where-vpon the King returned and marched against Septenil which for three daies space was batered and afterwards the Moores yeelded it vpon composition that they might depart with their liues goods and liberty the place was committed to the keeping of D. Francisco Henriques from thence the army went to ruine the country of Ronde and because winter did draw neere it did attempt nothing else and was brought backe to Siuill whether the Queene came The garrisons of Alhama Alora and Septenill were commanded by the King and Queene to aide King Mahomet the little with all their power against Muley Albohacen his father Portugal King Iohn a greâ—te iusticer namely against the nobillity with other of his qualities Wee will here for a while lay by the affaires of Castile and Arragon and speake of Portugall and of the raigne of Iohn the 2. who succeeded Alphonso 1481. beeing sixe and twenty yeares of age This Prince was a great Iusticer and it may be ouer rigorous in the execution thereof especially against the Nobilitie and great Lords of his kingdome whome he did punish and reclaymed from many oppressions which his father had tolerated this caused him to be hated and gaue cause vnto some who were very neere vnto him in bloud to practise against his life and state He was of a quicke and sharpe iudgement and of an excellent memorie he could discourse eloquently of all matters and would haue those that did talke with him to consider how and what to speake and he would ordinarily say that it was impossible but that Kings should be wise men because euery one that spake to them whether they were foolish or wise did striue to speake well and wisely He shewed great wisedome in all his actions not suffering himselfe to be carried away by Court-flatterers and if hee did fauour any one Mediocâ—itie is to be obserued in the aduancement of Princes seruants hee would aduance him but to a certaine meane and no further giuing authoritie to no man more than was needfull hee was a louer of good councell very true firme and constant in whatsoeuer he graunted or denyed liberall aswell to strangers as to his owne seruants he was religious according to those times and charitable towards the poore for whose ease and comfort hee builded the royall Hospitall of Lisborne in the honour of all Saints he shewed himselfe very obedient towards his father and had the good hap Discouery of Manicongo to haue the kingdome of Manicongo discouered in his raigne at which time with great care and diligence the nauigation for spices did beginne for which things hee was surnamed the Great When hee beganne to raigne hee was already father to the Infant Don Alphonso begotten on Queene Elenor daughter to Don Fernand Duke of Viseo his Vncle and to the Infanta Donna Beatrix shee who had procured the peace betwixt Spaine and Portugall Genealogie of Portugal the Infant was seauen yeares old when his father came to the Crowne who the yeare 1481. had a sonne by a Mistris of his called Donna Anne de Mendoza whose name was George Master of Saint Iames and Auis Duke of Coimbra Lord of Auero and Montemajor the old who was brought vp openly as the Kings sonne by his Aunt the Infanta Donna Ioane a Nunne in the Monasterie of Iesus d'Auero hee was father to Don Iohn Duke of Auero a worthie Prince in our age This King Iohn of whome wee speake was the first King of Portugall that entitled himselfe Lord of Guiney the nauigation into which countrey hee mayntained and continued and builded the Cittie and Castle of Saint George the fort of Tanger and others Hee called a Parlament in the Cittie of Ebora there to receiue the oath of fealtie and homage due to the Kings his progenitors at the same time it happened that Don Fernand Duke of Bragança beeing at his house of Villa-viciosa did search for certaine records and titles of lands with other letters of priuiledge to haue them renewed and confirmed by the new king his Secretarie whome hee employed in this businesse found certaine letters of intelligence and practise in a chest betwixt the Duke his master and the King and Queene of Castile contrarie to his allegeance to King Iohn Wherefore this Secretarie The Duke of Braganzaes practises discouered by his Secretarie whose name was Lope de Figueredo beeing mooued either with zeale towards his Prince or with hope of some good reward did embezil those writings and gaue them to the King who hauing copied them re-deliuered the originall to Figuereda who layd them among the rest of the papers which hee had found his Lord not perceyuing it the Duke neuerthelesse was still fauoured and welcommed by the
King who in matters of weight could very well dissemble and was continually at Court accompanying and seruing the King and Queene vntill vppon a time the Court beeing at Almerin where the Queene was brought a bed before her time and in great danger of her life the Duke of Bragança came to visit her with Don Dominicke Duke of Viseo one of his complices who was brother to the Queene the King entertained them with a pleasant countenance and vppon a certaine day hee tooke the Duke of Bragança aside into his chappell within the with-drawing Curtaines and did brotherly admonish him of his fault in these tearmes Cousin A gentle à dmonishment made by King Iohn to the Duke of Braganza I haue vnderstood a matter which I must acquaint you with in this holy place where I stand in the presence of God before whom I will not dissemble therefore beleeue it I speake nothing but truth I heare that you haue secret intelligence and practise with the Kings of Castile against my State and seruice greatly forgetting therein the honour faith and loyaltie which you owe vnto mee in regard whereof considering the reasons on both our sides I for my part hauing giuen none occasion to your selfe or any other and seeing no cause why you should hope for more honour and fauour of any other Prince then of me I can not but be very much troubled and I know not whether I may firmely beleeue it or no yet notwithstanding howsoeuer it is I thought good to admonish you that if vpon any false surmise you haue entred into this vnreasonable imagination to giue it ouer protesting to you that I meane to forget and graciously to pardon your offences requesting you seeing it hath pleased God to make me heire to his crowne to stand stedfastly to me and to acknowledge this fauors towards you and the place and rancke which you hold in this Kingdome wherein by your owne deserts and those of your ancestors you are the chiefe person next vnto my selfe the which should stirre you vp to maintaine and procure the safety and greatnesse thereof espetially considering that God hath as it were parted the faculties and riches of this royall patrimony betwixt vs two and that of two sisters borne of the noble race of the Infants Don Fernand and Don Beatrice Dukes of Viseo I haue married the one and you the other It may be that I am taxed with some fault common to Kings newly come to their crownes as to proceed ouer rigorously against some persons and to shew small liberality and meekenesse in certaine matters which could not be otherwise managed but if it were so that some bee offended with my new gouernment you before all men ought to tollerate it and to be a singular president of loyaltie and obedience vnto others If my Iudges and Commissioners sent into your iurisdiction haue exceeded the bounds of modesty in their charge you know very well that they haue had great cause so to doe and that they haue many reasons on their sides to iustifie their proceedings in respect of the present state but if they were in fault should not you greatly binde me vnto you for bearing with those things and for your owne part you may be assured that in regard of your place wisedome and deserts I can not refuse you any thing that you should craue of mee Now you are bound in regarde I am planted in the royall seate of Portugall to aide mee both with counsell and armes if need were and whensoeuer I shall craue it therefore I intreate and commaund you both in heart and will to dispose your selfe therevnto euer hereafter When the Duke heard these words he would haue excused himselfe and entreated the King not to beleeue those reports which he said were contrary to his meaning and that whilest hee had a heart a hand and meanes they should all bee imployed in his seruice And so the King left of hoping that the Duke would amend and that he should no more neede to speake vnto him concerning it But the Court being not longe after remooued from Almerin to Saint Iren Iasper and Peter de Iubartes brethren and seruants to the Duke of Bragança came to the King and certified him that the Duke their Maister did continue his practizes with Castile and that Iasper had beene twice sent as messenger to the Kings of Castile and that the Marquis of Montemajor and the Earle of Faro the Dukes bretheren were consenting to those practizes The King did largely recompence these two bretheren for their aduertisement and did resolue to punish the Duke of Bragançaes treachery and hauing a fit occasion by his comming to the court which lay then at Ebora whether hee accompanied the Prince Don Alphonso hee caused him to bee arrested of high treason and to bee committed to prison in May the yeere 1483. The Kings Aturney General pleaded against him he was found guilty of treason and was iudged and condemned by the Lords The Duke of Bragansa beheaded a◠Ebora to haue his head cut off and al his goods to be confiscate to the crowne the which sentence was executed and Fernand Duke of Bragança was brought to the publike place of execution in the city of Ebora where he was beheaded and made a pittifull spectacle to all men Six other gentlemen were likewise beheaded with him and diuers banished in which number was the Constable of Portugall The Dutchesse Isabella the Queenes sister as soone as she heard of her husbands imprisonment sent her three children Don Philip Don Iames and Don Denis into Castile who were kindely receiued and welcomed by Queene Isabella their Aunt the poore Lady their mother hauing no other comfort in her widdow-hood but a little daughter called Marguerite whose company she enioyed not long for within a while after she died D. Philip her eldest sonne died in Castile the second Don Iames returned into Portugall and Don Denis this third sonne did marry the Countesse of Lemos in Castile The Marquis of Montemajor and the Earle of Faro the Dukes brethren did likewise flie into Castile where they spent the remainder of their daies beeing honoured and maintained by King Fernand and Queene Isabella Now Don Dominico the Queenes brother was one of the conspiracy as hath beene already said and the King the next day after the Duke of Bragança his execution called him into his presence and knowing him to be young both in yeeres and discretion he did admonish him as a father to behaue himselfe discreetly The Kings fatherly adueruerticement to D. Dominico Duke of Viseo and told him diuers things which concerned his honour and wel-fare and did freely pardon him all offences past to which speech of the Kings Don Dominico could not answere one word but onely kissed the Kings hand in signe of thankes This young Prince had aspired to reigne and being young and inconsiderate he did oftentimes permit his hand to bee kissed and would receiue
earle their lord telling him that his too great seueritie should rather be called outrage then justice and hauing by sundrie messages aduertised the kings Councell and besought them to commaund Calderon to retire but seeing that they made no account of it he came himselfe well accompanied to Almazan and forced him to leaue the towne Wherewith the Councell especially doctor Adrian who was now a cardinall and companion to cardinall Ximenes in the gouernement of Castille being incensed sent a personall adjournement for the earle of Montagu and meant to make his processe as hauing offended the kings Majestie But cardinall Ximenes opposed himselfe shewing that he might lawfully doe that which he had done seeing that vpon his many complaints made vnto the Councell against the excesse of Ferdinand Calderon there was no order taken and so he caused this pursuit to cease The difference for the bishopricke of Siguensa ended in like maner by the death of D. Guttiere of Toledo bishop of Plaisance which place was giuen to the cardinall of Caruajal and D. Frederic left in the possession of Siguensa And for that the gouernements of cities and prouinces of Spaine had beene for a long time distributed confusedly without distinction of persons Nobilitie instituted to commaund whether noble or vnnoble it was concluded to restore the ancient custome and conformable to nature that nobilitie instituted to commaund and to exercise honourable charges should be imployed wherefore there were many changes of old gouernours throughout all Spaine True it is that the Biscanes and they of Palence had no gentlemen at that time but two famous Lawyers for their gouernours that is Leon and Gallego In some places cardinall Ximenes was preuented by such as obtained them by the kings fauour and of the Flemish courteors wherewith he was much discontented especially for the gouernement of Burgos the which was giuen without his priuitie to D. Pedro of Castille who deliuered the fort of Lara into the hands of the Sherifes and Comminaltie of the towne and they gaue the gard thereof to Iâ—ffrey of Conde a Fleming who had beene marshall of the lodging to the deceased king Philip an inconstant man and a prater and therefore much hated by cardinall Ximenes Of this and of many other things done by D. Pedro Cardinal Ximenes impatient of iniuries by reason of 〈…〉 he made sundrie complaints vnto the king So impatient he was of any injurie as â—e thought that whatsoeuer king Charles ordained touching the affaires of Spaine if it came not from him and his aduertisements and counsels it was done in contempt of him condemning it as pernitious and as subiects of seditions accusing the noblemen and counsellors of Flander of rashnesse who being ignorant of the lawes and maners of the Spaniards medled with the disposition of the gouernments of Spaine the which did wholly depend of the Viceroyes authoritie and reputation and of the kings councell which was in the countrey He did honour and cherish doctor Adrian Florent verie much for that he yeelded vnto him He procured him the bishopricke of Tortosa the which made his way to a cardinals hat and afterwards to the Papacie He sought also by all meanes to procure him the dignitie of Inquisitor generall of Arragon as he himselfe had that of Castille but he could not The secretarie Mote of Burgos a diuine was verie deere vnto him whom he made bishop of Badajos and would haue made him cardinall and Archbishop of Toledo had not the cardinall died so soone which hindered him from enjoying of those dignities whereof he held himselfe sure but he was deceiued Mote had beene preacher to king Philip after whose decease he would haue retired into Flanders for that in hatred of the king D. Ferdinand he and all the seruants of the deceased sought to draw the Emperour Maximilian into Spaine to contend for the gouernement of those realmes for prince Charles his grand child To haue the better accesse vnto the young princes court he begged letters of fauour almost from all the chiefe noblemen of Spaine King Ferdinand knowing that this preacher was full of spleene against him yet would he not hinder his voyage for Flanders shewing therein a generous mind but he gaue order that when he should be readie to depart all his letters of recommendation should be stolâ—e from him the which was cunningly performed by the care of D. Bernardin of Velasco the kings sonne in law who had great meanes in that citie to doe it Mote not discouering what was done goes on his way and being arriued in Flanders where they were alreadie aduertised that he should come accompanied with many letters of fauour when he opened his male he found not any whereat he was much abashed and therefore for a time was held of all those courteors for a man of a shallow braine Notwithstanding his vertue and eloquence made him a way to king Charles his fauour and aduanced him to honour by the meanes of cardinall Ximenes who also procured honours and titles to many others whose qualities and behauiour were pleasing vnto him as to D. Iohn Pacheco sonne to the earle of Escalona the title of earle of Saint Stephen to D. William Peres of Ajala that of earle of Gomera which is one of the islands of the Canaries which he obtained of the king for him Such was the gouernement and carriage of cardinall Ximenes who was feared and respected both of great and small in Castille ⧠THE 27 BOOKE OF THE Historie of Spaine The Contents 1 DIsagreement betwixt cardinall Ximenes and the noblemen of Flanders Three gouernors in Castille 2 Seditions in Castille vnder pretext of the Flemings greedinesse 3 Exactions of the Pope hindered by cardinall Ximenes 4 Processe ambitiously ended by cardinall Ximenes among the great men Contempt of iustice rebellions and other insolencies supprest by him 5 Profanation of the order of cardinals by Pope Leo. 6 Cardinall Francis Ximenes poysoned by his enemies 7 Reformation of the house of the Infant D. Ferdinand brother to king Charles of Austria by cardinall Ximenes 8 Arriuall of king Charles of Austria in Spaine Disgrace discharge and death of cardinall Ximenes 9 Behauiour and qualities of cardinall Ximenes 10 Bible printed in Spaine in many languages by the diligence of cardinall Ximenes 11 Buildings made by this cardinall 12 Estates at Vailledolit Crowning of Charles of Austria king of Castille 13 Election of Charles of Austria to be Emperour his departure out of Spaine 14 Sedition in Castille against cardinall Adrian and the gouernors 15 Enterprise of king Henrie of Albret for the recouerie of his realme of Nauarre The taking of Pampelone 16 The beginning and progresse of the Iesuites 17 Sect of Theatines differing from the Iesuites 18 Vnfortunate exploits of the lord of Asperraut in Nauarre 19 Another expedition of the French into Guipuscoa vnder the lord of Boniuet and the taking of Fontarrabie 20 Adrian Pope Continuance of the warre of Nauarre
The Emperours returne into Spaine 21 Fontarraby recouered by the Spaniards The gouernors of that fort successiuely vnto our time 22 Taking of king Francis at Pauis 23 Mariage of the Emperour Charles the fift 24 Rome sackt by the Spaniards 25 Mariage of king Henrie of Albret with Marguerite of France 26 Nauigation of Ferdinand Magellanes to the South 27 Mariage of duke Charles of Sauoy and D. Beatrix of Portugall 28 D Iohn the third of that name and 15 king of Portugall 29 Continuation of the nauigation to the East and the wonderfull voyage of Iohn Sebastian del Cano. 30 Mariage of D. Iohn king of Portugal with D. Katherine sister to the Emperour Charles 31 Vnprofitable voyage of the Castillans to the Molâ—cques 32 Treatie of Cambray 33 Coronation of the Emperor at Bolonia 34 Peru discouered 35 Muley Hascen king of Tunes expelled by Barberousse and restored by the Emperour 36 Voyage of Prouence by the Emperour 37 Portugals assailed by the Turkes in the East 38 Enteruiew of Pope Emperour and French king at Nice 39 Troubles for the impost in diuers places 40 Emperours voyage to Algier 41 Warre betwixt the Emperour and French king and then a peace concluded 42 Muley Hascen king of Tunes againe dispossest For the continuance of the royall lines of Spaine in this seuen and twentieth Booke mention is made for CASTILLE of LEON ARRAGON NAVARRE 23 D. Charles 1. 44 the same 1. 21 the same 1. 37 the same 4. THe seueritie and integritie of cardinall Ximenes in the gouernement of affaires could not be long supportable to the Spaniards who are hautie and proud and accustomed to serue their kings being present and much lesse to the Flemings who were neere vnto king Charles who desirous to make vse of their credit and authoritie did still busie themselues with the great affaires of Spaine and made their profit to the cardinals great griefe he opposing himself against them in all he could so as all things tended to confusion as well among the Spaniards who desired the comming of their prince into the countrey the which might quench many quarels and content those that did enuie the cardinals greatnesse as with the noblemen Flemings who entertained the king in Flanders vpon diuers colours thinking it a fit meanes to compasse their designes if he did not vndertake this voyage and in truth these had the aduantage the king being in their power And to take some course for the mischiefes which he feared might happen in Spaine by reason of the kings absence The lord of Chaux third gouernor in Spain by the procurement of doctor Adrian it was concluded to send the lord of Chaux thither who had beene much fauoured by king Philip and was chamberlaine to Charles his sonne a man fitter to entertaine a prince with pleasant discourse and to keep him companie than to manage the great affaires of a kingdome To him was giuen the third place in the gouernement of Castille with cardinall Ximenes and doctor Adrian who had procured the comming of this third writing into Flanders That he was not sufficient to resist cardinall Ximenes a hautie man who not able to endure a companion did manage all things at his pleasure The comming of Chaux was verie pleasing to the noblemen and to the people of Spaine who were discontented with the cardinall and he was receiued with all royall honours against the which the cardinall did not in any sort oppose himselfe shewing therein as in all other things a great magnanimitie and constancie although he knew that he was sent to check his authoritie and greatnesse All the great noblemen of Spaine without attending any commaundement from cardinall Ximenes the Viceroy went to meet him being accompanied with great numbers of their friends and vassals and comming neere to Madrid there went forth to incounter him doctor Adrian accompanied with two of the Popes Nonces the bishop of Burgos D. Anthonie Fonseca his brother and by the commanders of the militarie orders hauing with them a great traine of commaunders of euerie order the Rector or gouernour of the towne the Sherifes and most apparent burgesses the embassadours or deputies of Arragon the royall Councell the Inquisition the chamber of accounts and other officers of the kings house euerie one going in his ranke and order with whom there joyned the bishop of Auila with the cardinals traine And of noblemen the marquesse of Villena the earle of Vregna the marquesse of Comares and Aguilar D. Bertrand de la Cueua eldest sonne to the duke of Albâ—querque the earle of Orepesa and others Such as were not there were kept backe by a disease which did run generally ouer all Spaine Cardinall Ximenes in regard of his place of Viceroy stayed in the palace and receiued monsieur de Chaux at the entrie of the great chamber of the lodging which was prepared for him and that night he feasted him with great state and entertained him with much pleasant discourse lodging him for that time in the chamber where the bishop of Auila was accustomed to lodge for that the Infant D. Ferdinand the widow queene Germaine and the cardinall were commonly lodged in the castle and held a great part of it Thus was this nobleman receiued and honoured being the first that was sent into Spaine with authoritie since that Charles of Austria tooke vpon him the title of king The great lords of Spaine came to visit monsieur de Chaux and courted him but the cardinall had no great care to impart the affaires vnto him nor to call him vnlesse he came of himselfe yet holding still the first place in all expeditions the which he made knowne to him and doctor Adrian who hauing on a time signed some dispatches Cardinall Xiâ—â—enes mainetaines his authoritie resolutely leauing a place for the cardinall to signe vnder them being presented vnto him thus signed he tare them in peeces and caused others to be made and signed them aboue the which were of as great effect And thus he continued vntill the kings comming although before he would haue doctor Adrian signe all things with him 1 The Flemish nobilitie being aduertised of this harsh proceeding it made them thinke that this cardinall would one day trouble both them and the king wherefore to abate as they thought his greatnesse they procured to haue a fourth sent into Spaine vnder colour of some priuat businesse with equall authoritie to the rest This was Arâ—astof a man that was some what graue yet they might say that of all that companie the cardinall was most judicious and continued his accustomed course notwithstanding any thing that they could doe But they stayed not here for they often resolued in Flanders to send some great prince to gouerne Spaine to whom the cardinall should be forced to yeeld or some other of judgement and vnderstanding to oppose him against this great spirit Some were of opinion to intreat the Emperour Maximilian to take vpon him this charge