Selected quad for the lemma: lord_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
lord_n	conclude_v	fine_a	great_a	24	3	2.1239	3	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A38520	Epistola Medio-Saxonica, or, Middlesex first letter to His Excellency, the Lord General Cromwell together with their petition concerning tithes and copy-holds of inheritance, presented to the supreme authority, the Parliament of England : wherein the tortious and illegal usurpation of tithes, contrary to Magna Charta, is discovered, the blemished dignity of copy-holders revived, and how lords of manors have formerly incroached upon their liberties, by imposing arbitrary fines, and multiplying of heriots : whereunto is annexed two additional cases concerning the unreasonable exactions of fines and heriots, contrary to law, in these latter times ...	Cromwell, Oliver, 1599-1658.; Wingfield, Augustus. Vindiciae Medico-Saxonicae.	1653 (1653)	Wing E3170; ESTC R5296	18,776	30

friend_n god_n friend_n and_o their_o country_n friend_n shall_v now_o at_o length_n be_v leave_v to_o remain_v in_o bondage_n and_o gibeonitish_a slavery_n whilst_o their_o enemy_n riot_n and_o abound_v in_o liberty_n and_o freedom_n wherefore_o we_o humble_o desire_v that_o all_o copy-holders_n of_o inheritance_n may_v according_a to_o your_o several_a declaration_n of_o the_o seven_o of_o april_n 1646._o and_o of_o march_n 1648._o be_v restore_v to_o christian_n freedom_n and_o liberty_n the_o fruit_n of_o conquest_n and_o the_o just_a reward_n of_o their_o expense_n and_o hazard_n that_o so_o of_o victor_n they_o may_v not_o become_v slave_n and_o vassal_n in_o their_o estate_n to_o their_o conquer_a lord_n who_o they_o begin_v already_o to_o feel_v and_o be_v daily_o like_a to_o find_v more_o cruel_a and_o unreasonable_a than_o ever_o if_o they_o shall_v return_v again_o to_o reign_v over_o they_o with_o the_o full_a sail_n of_o usurp_a power_n thus_o hope_v that_o the_o same_o god_n who_o have_v even_o miraculous_o give_v you_o victory_n over_o your_o enemy_n rest_n from_o war_n peace_n in_o your_o habitation_n and_o put_v a_o power_n into_o your_o hand_n to_o do_v righteous_a thing_n for_o the_o good_a of_o this_o nation_n will_v also_o put_v into_o your_o heart_n and_o mind_n to_o do_v these_o thing_n represent_v unto_o you_o and_o what_o else_o you_o in_o your_o wisdom_n shall_v know_v to_o be_v for_o the_o good_a and_o welfare_n of_o this_o commonwealth_n and_o we_o shall_v ever_o pray_v etc._n etc._n the_o case_n of_o copy-holders_n state_v according_a to_o the_o it_o the_o quando_fw-la lex_fw-la accommodatur_fw-la ad_fw-la causam_fw-la &_o personam_fw-la &_o non_fw-la è_fw-la contra_fw-la when_o the_o law_n be_v apply_v to_o the_o cause_n and_o person_n not_o they_o to_o it_o lesbian_a rule_n of_o the_o law_n in_o the_o corrupt_a time_n of_o monarchy_n wherein_o be_v clear_o prove_v that_o no_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n of_o copy-holds_a of_o inheritance_n can_v take_v for_o a_o fine_a where_o as_o they_o say_v uncertain_a of_o his_o copyhold_n tenant_n two_o year_n clear_v yearly_a value_n of_o the_o land_n first_o because_o it_o be_v resolve_v by_o popham_n chief_a justice_n clench_v gaudy_n and_o fenner_n justice_n of_o the_o upper_a bench_n in_o the_o 42._o and_o 43_o eliz._n between_o hubbard_n and_o hammon_n that_o if_o the_o fine_n of_o copy-holders_n of_o a_o manor_n be_v incertain_a upon_o admittance_n yet_o the_o lord_n may_v not_o demand_v or_o exact_v a_o excessive_a or_o unreasonable_a fine_a and_o if_o he_o do_v the_o copyholder_n may_v deny_v to_o pay_v it_o without_o forfeiture_n and_o according_a to_o this_o resolution_n it_o be_v then_o say_v that_o it_o have_v be_v former_o adjudge_v in_o the_o same_o court_n in_o one_o hoddesdons_n case_n cook_n report_n lib._n 4to_fw-la now_o it_o be_v a_o rule_n and_o maxim_n that_o all_o excessivenesse_n be_v abhor_v in_o law_n and_o that_o all_o thing_n ought_v to_o be_v interpret_v with_o equity_n and_o moderation_n as_o put_v case_n the_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n where_o fine_n through_o his_o tyranny_n be_v incertain_a have_v take_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n about_o a_o year_n value_n not_o much_o under_o nor_o over_o if_o there_o one_o of_o his_o copyhold_n tenant_n shall_v improve_v his_o land_n by_o great_a charge_n and_o industry_n from_o 5_o l._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la to_o be_v worth_a 20_o l._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la and_o then_o die_v and_o after_o the_o lord_n shall_v set_v two_o year_n fine_a viz._n 40_o l._n upon_o his_o heir_n this_o will_v be_v a_o excessive_a and_o most_o unreasonable_a fine_a first_o because_o where_o a_o lord_n have_v usual_o take_v about_o a_o year_n though_o a_o little_a under_o or_o over_o there_o to_o take_v a_o year_n and_o half_a though_o according_a to_o the_o value_n before_o improvement_n be_v excessive_a and_o so_o illegal_a if_o the_o rule_n of_o right_a reason_n moderation_n and_o equity_n be_v close_o hold_v to_o and_o keep_v next_o it_o be_v altogether_o unreasonable_a because_o through_o this_o improvement_n of_o the_o tenant_n with_o a_o vast_a expense_n and_o charge_n perhaps_o treble_a to_o the_o land_n the_o lord_n now_o come_v to_o take_v in_o a_o little_a compass_n of_o time_n at_o a_o year_n and_o half_n fine_a six_o year_n year_n value_n at_o two_o year_n fine_a eight_o year_n value_v according_a to_o the_o yearly_a rent_n and_o worth_n of_o the_o land_n before_o improvement_n so_o that_o now_o a_o covetous_a and_o unconscionable_a lord_n as_o too_o many_o there_o be_v will_v take_v advantage_n to_o enrich_v himself_o out_o of_o the_o tenant_n vast_a expense_n and_o industry_n contrary_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o justice_n equity_n and_o honesty_n second_o and_o last_o no_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n can_v by_o the_o present_a law_n take_v two_o year_n clear_v yearly_a value_n for_o a_o fine_a where_o as_o lawyer_n say_v they_o be_v uncertain_a though_o repugnant_a to_o those_o great_a authority_n in_o the_o letter_n before_o recite_v and_o contrary_a to_o their_o own_o maxim_n and_o abundant_o savour_v of_o tyranny_n upon_o the_o admittance_n of_o a_o copyhold_n tenant_n as_o be_v clear_o resolve_v in_o a_o action_n of_o trespass_n between_o stallon_n and_o brady_n commence_v in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o king_n james_n in_o the_o court_n of_o common_a plea_n where_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n do_v set_v a_o fine_a at_o two_o year_n clear_v yearly_a value_n which_o the_o tenant_n deny_v to_o pay_v be_v unreasonable_a the_o lord_n enter_v and_o thereupon_o the_o tenant_n bring_v a_o action_n of_o trespass_n and_o after_o five_o year_n demur_n consultation_n be_v have_v with_o all_o the_o ludge_n and_o great_a lawyer_n of_o england_n it_o be_v at_o length_n viz._n in_o the_o six_o year_n of_o king_n james_n by_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o say_a court_n of_o common_a plea_n full_o and_o unanimous_o resolve_v that_o the_o say_v fine_a of_o two_o year_n be_v unreasonable_a and_o so_o no_o forfeiture_n by_o the_o tenant_n denial_n now_o from_o hence_o it_o must_v be_v conclude_v that_o for_o any_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n to_o demand_v a_o year_n and_o a_o half_n fine_a be_v the_o very_a utmost_a rigour_n and_o extremity_n of_o the_o law_n as_o it_o have_v flow_v to_o we_o out_o of_o the_o impure_a fountain_n of_o monarchy_n and_o all_o those_o who_o have_v exact_v more_o have_v do_v illegal_a and_o unwarrantable_a act_n according_a to_o that_o lesbian_a rule_n but_o where_o tenant_n have_v at_o their_o great_a charge_n make_v improvement_n as_o be_v above_o declare_v there_o for_o the_o lord_n to_o take_v a_o year_n much_o more_o a_o year_n and_o half_a be_v altogether_o unconscionable_a and_o against_o the_o rule_n of_o equity_n the_o case_n of_o intolerable_a oppression_n in_o point_n of_o heriot_n a_o copyhold_n tenant_n hold_v a_o 100_o acre_n of_o land_n worth_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la 5_o s._n per_fw-la acre_n and_o 20_o s._n rend_v yearly_a and_o for_o which_o the_o lord_n claim_v a_o heriot_n upon_o death_n the_o tenant_n alien_n his_o land_n to_o a_o hundred_o man_n now_o by_o our_o book-law_n make_v in_o corrupt_a time_n mere_o in_o favour_n of_o lord_n and_o to_o oppress_v poor_a people_n the_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n shall_v have_v his_o 20_o s._n rent_n and_o beside_o a_o heriot_n for_o every_o acre_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o every_o particular_a tenant_n for_o this_o reason_n which_o be_v no_o reason_n because_o a_o heriot_n be_v a_o indivisible_a service_n so_o that_o it_o may_v so_o fall_v out_o that_o the_o lord_n shall_v have_v heriot_n in_o a_o short_a time_n to_o the_o value_n of_o one_o thousand_o pound_n whereas_o the_o whole_a be_v not_o worth_a five_o hundred_o pound_n and_o beside_o a_o poor_a man_n have_v a_o acre_n of_o his_o land_n not_o worth_a five_o pound_n and_o die_v seize_v the_o lord_n shall_v enter_v upon_o his_o good_n and_o take_v away_o for_o a_o heriot_n a_o cow_n or_o horse_n worth_a six_o or_o eight_o pound_n to_o the_o utter_a ruin_n of_o his_o wife_n and_o child_n now_o from_o a_o division_n of_o land_n to_o urge_v a_o multiplication_n of_o heriot_n have_v neither_o ancient_a law_n reason_n nor_o honesty_n in_o it_o notwithstanding_o those_o slight_a argument_n and_o fond_a distinction_n of_o heriot_n service_n and_o heriot_n custom_n which_o be_v use_v to_o the_o contrary_n reader_n these_o name_n shall_v have_v be_v place_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o 13_o page_n col._n pride_n aug._n wingfield_n robert_n cromwell_n col._n potter_n henry_n arundel_n nich_n beale_n finis_fw-la vindiciae_fw-la medio-saxonicae_a or_o tithe_n total_o rout_v by_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la in_o a_o reply_n to_o a_o answer_n of_o middlesex_n letter_n and_o petition_n in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o a_o tract_n call_v a_o treatise_n of_o tithe_n wherein_o the_o invalidity_n of_o

not_o demas_n like_o mind_n our_o own_o present_a power_n and_o profit_n more_o than_o our_o trust_n and_o promise_n in_o time_n of_o danger_n these_o thing_n can_v not_o be_v but_o what_o shall_v we_o say_v deus_fw-la dabit_fw-la he_o quique_fw-la finem_fw-la god_n will_v in_o his_o due_a time_n put_v a_o period_n to_o these_o thing_n now_o to_o conclude_v we_o once_o more_o humble_o desire_v your_o excellency_n favour_n and_o assistance_n in_o gain_v freedom_n to_o those_o who_o have_v be_v great_o instrumental_a in_o the_o work_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o for_o who_o sake_n paradventure_n god_n have_v be_v gracious_a to_o this_o our_o zion_n and_o commonwealth_n and_o we_o shall_v not_o only_o pray_v for_o the_o eternal_a happiness_n of_o your_o excellency_n but_o also_o take_v the_o boldness_n to_o subscribe_v as_o in_o all_o duty_n and_o gratitude_n we_o be_v bind_v your_o excellency_n most_o humble_a servant_n in_o the_o lord_n christ._n the_o petition_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o county_n of_o middlesex_n concern_v tithe_n and_o copy-holds_a of_o inheritance_n present_v to_o the_o supreme_a authority_n the_o parliament_n of_o england_n show_n that_o as_o your_o petitioner_n be_v real_o sensible_a of_o the_o unwearied_a labour_n this_o honourable_a parliament_n have_v undergo_v in_o the_o vindication_n of_o the_o right_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o freeborn_a people_n of_o this_o nation_n from_o the_o encroach_a tyranny_n of_o kingly_a and_o lordly_a power_n for_o which_o they_o return_v a_o grateful_a acknowledgement_n so_o they_o desire_v to_o mind_v you_o that_o the_o well-affected_n of_o this_o nation_n have_v in_o this_o common_a cause_n of_o public_a freedom_n and_o preservation_n faithful_o serve_v you_o in_o their_o several_a place_n willing_o undergo_a all_o burden_n either_o of_o tax_n or_o freequarter_n beside_o the_o voluntary_a loan_z of_o very_o many_o even_o beyond_o their_o ability_n upon_o the_o proposition_n and_o since_o it_o be_v the_o undoubted_a right_n of_o the_o freeborn_a people_n of_o this_o nation_n from_o who_o all_o just_a power_n be_v derive_v to_o present_v to_o their_o parliament_n or_o representative_a all_o their_o grievance_n that_o so_o adequate_a remedy_n may_v be_v due_o apply_v therefore_o we_o offer_v to_o your_o more_o serious_a consideration_n these_o ensue_a particular_n to_o be_v speedy_o redress_v first_o forasmuch_o as_o all_o tithe_n relic_n of_o the_o late_o destroy_v hierarchy_n be_v declare_v in_o the_o 2d_o book_n of_o cook_n report_n in_o the_o bishop_n of_o winchester_n case_n to_o be_v thing_n mere_o spiritual_a and_o due_a by_o divine_a right_n and_o for_o which_o there_o be_v no_o remedy_n at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o also_o in_o his_o 2d_o book_n of_o instit_fw-la and_o chap._n of_o tithe_n that_o by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o this_o nation_n land_n be_v undecimable_a which_o be_v full_o evidence_v by_o a_o canon_n of_o the_o council_n of_o lateran_n under_o greg._n 10_o 1274._o in_o this_o manner_n let_v no_o man_n give_v his_o tithe_n where_o he_o please_v as_o before_o but_o let_v they_o be_v pay_v to_o mother_n church_n and_o britton_n though_o a_o bishop_n treat_v of_o ecclesiastical_a power_n and_o of_o what_o thing_n the_o church_n have_v counsance_n do_v whole_o omit_v tithe_n know_v very_o well_o that_o those_o popish_a canon_n and_o constitution_n which_o not_o long_o before_o have_v be_v make_v for_o the_o take_v away_o the_o ten_o of_o man_n estate_n be_v total_o void_a be_v diametrical_o repugnant_a to_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la which_o likewise_o be_v further_o attest_v by_o a_o decretal_a epistle_n send_v from_o innocent_a the_o 3d._a pope_n of_o rome_n to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n about_o the_o year_n 1215._o wherein_n it_o be_v clear_o acknowledge_v that_o the_o freeborn_a people_n of_o this_o nation_n do_v by_o the_o general_n and_o till_o then_o observe_v custom_n of_o this_o land_n dispose_v of_o the_o tithe_n or_o ten_o of_o their_o estate_n according_a to_o their_o own_o free_a will_n and_o pleasure_n so_o that_o it_o be_v very_o clear_a tithe_n have_v be_v former_o by_o the_o popish_a clergy_n subtle_o persuade_v or_o rather_o extort_a from_o our_o ancestor_n under_o the_o notion_n and_o consideration_n only_o of_o a_o divine_a right_n and_o chief_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o say_v decretal_a which_o so_o awe_v our_o forefather_n that_o it_o fright_v they_o into_o a_o servile_a and_o unwilling_a obedience_n wherefore_o we_o humble_o desire_v that_o all_o tithe_n and_o ten_o under_o the_o notion_n whereof_o we_o pay_v a_o five_o may_v be_v speedy_o remove_v as_o a_o great_a oppression_n and_o usurpation_n that_o so_o husbandry_n and_o tillage_n may_v thereby_o receive_v the_o great_a encouragement_n and_o that_o all_o impropriator_n may_v thereby_o receive_v such_o reasonable_a satisfaction_n notwithstanding_o much_o may_v be_v say_v to_o the_o contrary_a as_o you_o in_o your_o wisdom_n shall_v think_v fit_a and_o that_o likewise_o a_o comfortable_a maintenance_n may_v some_o other_o 〈◊〉_d ●nd_v peaceable_a way_n according_a to_o the_o word_n of_o god_n be_v provide_v for_o the_o ministry_n that_o so_o the_o glorious_a gospel_n of_o jesus_n christ_n may_v no_o long_o be_v impede_v by_o that_o sensual_a and_o earthly_a remora_n of_o litigious_a tything_n but_o that_o evangelical_n messenger_n may_v with_o the_o apostle_n paul_n by_o the_o sweetness_n of_o their_o life_n and_o conversation_n convince_v gainsayers_a that_o they_o come_v not_o to_o seek_v we_o but_o we_o second_o that_o all_o copyhold_n land_n of_o inheritance_n may_v be_v make_v free_a from_o all_o fine_n heriot_n and_o other_o slavish_a service_n bring_v in_o by_o and_o after_o the_o norman_a tyranny_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o bracton_n a_o great_a lawyer_n in_o h._n 3._o his_o time_n in_o his_o first_o book_n and_o seven_o chap._n of_o the_o custom_n of_o england_n where_o he_o say_v that_o in_o the_o conquest_n man_n hold_v their_o land_n free_o by_o free_a service_n or_o custom_n and_o certain_a until_o be_v throw_v out_o by_o usurp_a norman_n and_o their_o adherent_n they_o be_v enforce_v to_o retake_v they_o again_o to_o hold_v by_o unjust_a and_o unequal_a term_n and_o service_n yet_o still_o certain_a and_o nominate_v which_o through_o the_o avarice_n cruelty_n and_o oppression_n of_o succeed_a lord_n of_o manor_n have_v be_v increase_v illegal_o to_o a_o strange_a multiplication_n of_o heriot_n and_o arbitrary_a raise_n of_o fine_n from_o two_o year_n value_n according_a to_o the_o quitrent_n to_o two_o and_o three_o year_n value_n according_a to_o the_o full_a rent_n a_o thing_n altogether_o unreasonable_a and_o unconscionable_a as_o have_v be_v clear_o adjudge_v and_o although_o your_o petitioner_n humble_o conceive_v that_o copy-holders_n of_o inheritance_n aught_o by_o their_o tenor_n to_o have_v be_v protect_v by_o their_o lord_n and_o to_o have_v be_v free_v in_o this_o time_n of_o war_n from_o all_o public_a burden_n and_o tax_n yet_o so_o far_o have_v they_o be_v from_o afford_v the_o same_o unto_o they_o that_o they_o have_v for_o the_o most_o part_n forsake_v and_o deny_v they_o protection_n whereby_o their_o copyhold_n tenant_n by_o they_o desert_v have_v for_o a_o great_a part_n most_o willing_o adhere_v to_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o have_v lay_v out_o themselves_o to_o the_o utmost_a in_o bear_v a_o equal_a share_n in_o all_o public_a hurthen_n with_o the_o freeholders_n to_o the_o impoverish_n of_o themselves_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n and_o moreover_o since_o as_o we_o be_v inform_v much_o of_o the_o land_n settle_v upon_o soldiery_n for_o their_o arrear_n be_v free_v from_o all_o tithe_n fine_n and_o other_o slavish_a service_n which_o we_o envy_v not_o but_o exceed_o congratulate_v nay_o since_o all_o land_n hold_v in_o capi●e_fw-la and_o knight_n service_n be_v by_o a_o act_n of_o this_o present_a parliament_n free_v from_o all_o wardship_n and_o other_o slavish_a imcumbrance_n notwithstanding_o the_o great_a benefit_n thereof_o do_v redound_v to_o the_o advantage_n and_o emolument_fw-fr of_o those_o who_o have_v bee●●●●●ctual_a arm_n against_o the_o state_n or_o who_o at_o least_o in_o their_o declare_a affection_n have_v be_v utter_a enemy_n thereof_o see_v we_o say_v that_o not_o only_o the_o army_n but_o your_o enemy_n have_v taste_v so_o deep_o of_o your_o grace_n and_o favour_n let_v it_o not_o be_v say_v in_o gath_n nor_o publish_v in_o the_o street_n of_o ascalon_n that_o your_o dear_a friend_n those_o out_o of_o who_o your_o army_n have_v be_v raise_v form_v and_o supply_v with_o man_n and_o money_n all_o along_o those_o by_o who_o you_o have_v in_o the_o great_a danger_n and_o time_n of_o exigency_n be_v most_o ready_o and_o willing_o assist_v even_o to_o the_o hazard_n and_o loss_n of_o their_o life_n let_v it_o not_o be_v say_v we_o humble_o reiterate_v that_o those_o who_o have_v be_v your_o

magna_fw-la charta_fw-la no_o custom_n of_o the_o land_n for_o clergyman_n to_o have_v tithe_n out_o of_o every_o proprietors_n estate_n but_o that_o they_o be_v the_o proper_a right_n and_o inheritance_n of_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o land_n and_o for_o confirmation_n hereof_o it_o be_v say_v by_o learned_a selden_n in_o his_o book_n of_o tithe_n that_o in_o h._n 2._o his_o time_n which_o be_v a_o little_a before_o the_o say_v decretal_a parochial_a right_n be_v the_o right_n of_o have_v the_o cure_n and_o offering_n of_o the_o parishiones_fw-la and_o that_o to_o that_o parochial_a right_n no_o right_a of_o tithe_n be_v annex_v by_o the_o practice_n of_o that_o time_n whereupon_o it_o be_v usual_a with_o the_o religious_a and_o secular_a of_o the_o clergy_n to_o covenant_n with_o their_o tenant_n to_o pay_v they_o the_o tithe_n of_o their_o land_n that_o so_o they_o may_v prevent_v the_o minister_n of_o the_o parish_n where_o the_o land_n lay_v now_o if_o there_o have_v be_v then_o any_o parochial_a right_n or_o custom_n for_o receive_v tithe_n how_o can_v such_o a_o covenant_n have_v prevent_v the_o parochial_a minister_n and_o that_o this_o be_v a_o clear_a truth_n be_v evidence_v by_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o rich._n the_o 2._o and_o in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1377._o in_o these_o word_n it_o be_v accord_v that_o at_o what_o time_n any_o person_n of_o holy_a church_n be_v draw_v in_o plea_n in_o the_o secular_a court_n for_o his_o tithe_n take_v by_o the_o name_n of_o good_n take_v away_o and_o he_o which_o be_v so_o draw_v in_o plea_n make_v a_o exception_n or_o allege_v that_o the_o substance_n and_o suit_n of_o the_o business_n be_v only_o upon_o tithe_n due_a of_o right_n and_o of_o possession_n to_o his_o church_n or_o to_o another_o his_o benefice_n that_o in_o such_o case_n the_o general_n averment_n shall_v not_o be_v take_v without_o show_v special_o how_o the_o same_o be_v his_o lay_n catall_a that_o be_v to_o say_v for_o he_o to_o aver_v and_o maintain_v that_o the_o tithe_n he_o lay_v claim_v to_o do_v belong_v unto_o he_o by_o parochial_a right_n and_o custom_n as_o minister_v of_o the_o place_n be_v no_o good_a and_o allowable_a plea_n in_o court_n but_o that_o he_o must_v show_v in_o special_a and_o in_o particular_a how_o the_o say_v tithe_n he_o lay_v claim_v to_o become_v his_o lay_n catall_a whether_o by_o grant_n gift_n or_o otherwise_o so_o that_o here_o be_v not_o only_o a_o acknowledgement_n of_o the_o pope_n and_o clergy_n but_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n against_o parochial_a right_n and_o custom_n of_o tithe_n and_o yet_o shall_v we_o grant_v they_o a_o custom_n for_o tithe_n which_o they_o can_v claim_v without_o blush_v of_o what_o weight_n how_o like_o a_o feather_n will_v it_o be_v be_v put_v in_o the_o scale_n with_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o although_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o they_o have_v now_o a_o long_a time_n enjoy_v they_o even_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n yet_o that_o will_v not_o avail_v much_o since_o it_o be_v not_o a_o lawful_a user_n but_o a_o abuser_n and_o tortuous_a act_n carry_v on_o with_o a_o power_n contrary_a to_o all_o law_n equity_n and_o justice_n moreover_o in_o custom_n non_fw-la diuturnitas_fw-la temporis_fw-la sed_fw-la soliditas_fw-la rationis_fw-la est_fw-la consideranda_fw-la not_o length_n of_o time_n but_o soundness_n of_o reason_n be_v to_o be_v weigh_v upon_o which_o ground_n at_o a_o parliament_n at_o kilkenny_n in_o ireland_n in_o the_o 40th_o of_o edw._n 3._o the_o irish_a custom_n call_v the_o brehon_n law_n though_o of_o long_a continuance_n be_v null_v by_o that_o parliament_n upon_o this_o ground_n or_o maxim_n that_o malus_fw-la usus_fw-la est_fw-la abolendus_fw-la a_o ill_a custom_n as_o tith-taking_a be_v ought_v to_o be_v abolish_v so_o that_o the_o plea_n of_o a_o long_a continue_a custom_n of_o take_v tithe_n contrary_a to_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la ans_fw-fr common_a right_a will_v but_o little_o conduce_v to_o the_o justification_n of_o its_o authority_n and_o lawfullnesse_n and_o if_o from_o hence_o any_o shall_v fly_v to_o scripture_n refuge_n which_o none_o but_o avaritious_a sciolist_n in_o sacred_a law_n and_o language_n will_v attempt_v we_o shall_v if_o the_o weakness_n of_o their_o own_o argument_n be_v not_o a_o clear_a confutation_n of_o their_o error_n and_o injustice_n return_v a_o modest_a and_o sober_a answer_n second_o and_o last_o as_o to_o the_o other_o branch_n of_o our_o petition_n concern_v copyhold_n land_n of_o inheritance_n finable_a and_o also_o heriotable_a by_o the_o tyrannical_a practice_n of_o many_o at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n we_o humble_o conceive_v that_o by_o the_o equity_n of_o the_o ten_o chapter_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la let_v no_o man_n be_v distrein_v to_o do_v great_a service_n for_o his_o free_a tenement_n than_o he_o ought_v ground_v upon_o the_o 25._o ch_z of_o levit._n v._n 17._o you_o shall_v not_o oppress_v one_o another_o all_o those_o arbitrary_a and_o unreasonable_a exaction_n of_o fine_n and_o heriot_n exercise_v of_o late_a year_n by_o tyrannical_a lord_n of_o manor_n have_v be_v illegal_a and_o repugnant_a to_o the_o equity_n if_o not_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o say_a charter_n and_o have_v run_v beside_o the_o channel_n of_o charity_n law_n and_o justice_n but_o because_o many_o of_o late_a and_o former_a time_n have_v labour_v much_o to_o vilify_v and_o obscure_v the_o credit_n and_o esteem_v of_o copy-holders_n of_o inheritance_n and_o their_o tenure_n thereby_o to_o make_v way_n for_o their_o pride_n avarice_n and_o tyranny_n we_o shall_v therefore_o make_v a_o little_o further_a inquiry_n into_o the_o discovery_n of_o they_o bracton_n lib._n 4._o ch_n 28._o say_v that_o villenagiorum_n aliud_fw-la purum_fw-la aliuà_fw-la privilegiatum_fw-la of_o villenage_n one_o kind_n be_v pure_a and_o perfect_a villeinage_n the_o other_o a_o more_o free_a honourable_a and_o privilege_v where_o note_n that_o villeinage_n in_o its_o proper_a and_o genuine_a signification_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o service_n of_o a_o husbandman_n which_o may_v be_v either_o honourable_a or_o base_a according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o person_n and_o tenure_n and_o therefore_o he_o say_v pure_a or_o base_a villeinage_n be_v that_o whereby_o either_o a_o free_a man_n or_o a_o bondman_n so_o hold_v of_o his_o lord_n as_o that_o he_o be_v tie_v to_o do_v whatever_o he_o shall_v command_v he_o not_o know_v over_o night_n what_o he_o must_v do_v the_o next_o morning_n and_o always_o in_o all_o thing_n be_v hold_v to_o uncertainty_n and_o of_o this_o sort_n be_v littleton_n tenure_n of_o villeinage_n who_o large_a tract_n upon_o that_o subject_n may_v well_o have_v be_v spare_v since_o there_o be_v very_o sew_v if_o any_o even_o in_o his_o time_n who_o hold_v by_o that_o base_a and_o unworthy_a i_o enure_v now_o the_o other_o sort_n call_v by_o bracton_n privilegiatum_fw-la privilege_v villeinage_n or_o as_o he_o term_v it_o in_o his_o 2d_o book_n and_o 8_o and_z and_o 35th_o chap._n villanum_fw-la soccagium_fw-la qualify_v soccage_n which_o be_v the_o same_o with_o littleton_n tenure_n of_o copy-holds_a where_o the_o tenant_n hold_v their_o land_n by_o copy_n of_o court_n roll_n as_o cook_n in_o his_o commentary_n upon_o littleton_n 1._o p._n inst_z foe_fw-mi 58._o acknowledge_v so_o that_o bracton_n qualify_v or_o privilege_v soccage_n and_o our_o copy-holds_a be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o which_o be_v more_o clear_o prove_v by_o the_o same_o manner_n of_o conveyance_n in_o alienation_n for_o say_v he_o in_o li._n 2._o cap._n 8._o si_fw-mi villanus_fw-la sockmanus_fw-la villanum_fw-la soccagium_fw-la if_o a_o qualify_a sockman_n or_o copyholder_n will_v convey_v his_o qualify_a soccage_n to_o another_o let_v he_o surrender_v the_o same_o unto_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o lord_n or_o his_o steward_n and_o let_v the_o other_o receive_v it_o from_o they_o which_o be_v the_o form_n we_o now_o use_v and_o in_o his_o 1._o book_n and_o 2d_o ch._n they_o be_v call_v gleba_fw-la ascriptitii_fw-la enrol_v tenant_n of_o the_o glebe_n or_o manor_n and_o who_o do_v enjoy_v such_o privilege_n as_o that_o they_o can_v not_o be_v put_v out_o so_o long_o as_o that_o they_o pay_v their_o certain_a and_o yearly_a pension_n whosoever_o be_v lord_n neither_o may_v they_o be_v compel_v to_o keep_v their_o tenement_n but_o may_v alien_n when_o they_o please_v and_o they_o they_o as_o we_o now_o do_v hold_v their_o tenement_n ad_fw-la voluntatem_fw-la domini_fw-la secundum_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la manerii_fw-la at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n yet_o be_v not_o that_o such_o a_o unbridled_a will_n as_o many_o pragmatical_a novice_n in_o jurisprudential_n learn_v now_o imagine_v not_o a_o natural_a will_n but_o a_o legal_a will_n bound_v by_o

reason_n law_n and_o custom_n so_o that_o if_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n do_v at_o any_o time_n go_v about_o to_o disturb_v or_o put_v they_o out_o of_o their_o tenement_n although_o they_o may_v not_o have_v a_o assize_n yet_o they_o have_v parvum_fw-la breve_fw-la de_fw-la recto_n secundum_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la manerii_fw-la a_o small_a writ_n of_o right_a according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n for_o to_o regain_v their_o estate_n bracton_n lib._n 1._o cap_n 2._o lib._n 5._o cap._n 2_o where_o the_o writ_n be_v likewise_o express_v and_o in_o his_o four_o book_n and_o 28_o chap._n he_o say_v that_o if_o the_o tenant_n be_v eject_v by_o his_o lord_n he_o shall_v have_v a_o jury_n impanel_v to_o inquire_v of_o the_o covenant_n and_o consent_n of_o the_o lord_n in_o admit_v of_o he_o to_o be_v his_o tenant_n who_o he_o eject_v and_o he_o shall_v be_v restore_v because_o jura_n non_fw-la debent_fw-la juvare_fw-la dominum_fw-la contra_fw-la voluntatem_fw-la &_o consensum_fw-la suum_fw-la quia_fw-la semel_fw-la voluit_fw-la conventionem_fw-la the_o law_n ought_v not_o to_o relieve_v the_o lord_n against_o his_o own_o will_n and_o consent_n because_o he_o have_v make_v a_o covenant_n that_o his_o copyhold_n tenant_n shall_v enjoy_v his_o tenement_n perform_v his_o service_n and_o custom_n li._n 2._o cap._n 8._o and_o li._n 4_o cap._n 28._o and_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o e._n 3._o and_o e._n 4._o sir_n john_n danby_n and_o thomas_n brian_n lord_n chief_a justice_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o copy-holders_n eject_v by_o their_o lord_n may_v have_v a_o action_n of_o trespass_n neither_o be_v bracton_n single_a in_o his_o good_a esteem_n of_o privilege_a sockmans_n or_o copy-holders_n since_o fieta_n write_v by_o a_o great_a lawyer_n about_o e._n 2_o his_o time_n and_o ockam_n in_o h._n 2._o his_o reign_n do_v both_o of_o they_o honour_v copy-holders_n in_o those_o elder_a time_n with_o the_o name_n of_o customary_a tenant_n and_o ockam_n not_o only_o speak_v worthy_o of_o they_o but_o of_o their_o original_a who_o work_n through_o the_o envy_n and_o tyranny_n of_o the_o time_n have_v not_o have_v the_o liberty_n to_o appear_v in_o public_a and_o lambard_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr priscis_fw-la anglorum_fw-la legibus_fw-la of_o the_o ancient_a law_n england_n say_v that_o copy-holds_a be_v long_o before_o the_o conquest_n and_o then_o call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o book-land_n and_o since_o the_o conquest_n they_o have_v be_v honour_v with_o many_o worthy_a appellation_n as_o of_o copy-holders_n in_o h._n 5._o of_o tenant_n by_o the_o rod_n in_o h._n 4._o of_o tenant_n by_o the_o roll_n according_a to_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n in_o e._n 3._o of_o customary_a tenant_n in_o in_o e._n 1._o cook_n 1._o p._n just_o fol._n 58._o and_o because_o copy-holders_n have_v be_v much_o abuse_v in_o the_o late_a corrupt_a time_n of_o monarchy_n not_o only_o in_o the_o disgrace_n of_o their_o tenure_n but_o also_o in_o the_o alter_n and_o multiply_v their_o custom_n and_o service_n great_a person_n false_o pretend_v as_o if_o poor_a copy-holders_n have_v nil_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la but_o all_o de_fw-fr gratia_fw-la nothing_o of_o right_a but_o all_o of_o favour_n therefore_o for_o further_a satisfaction_n we_o will_v make_v some_o brief_a discovery_n therein_o bracton_n in_o his_o first_o book_n and_o second_o chapter_n say_v that_o the_o work_n of_o privilege_a sockmans_n or_o copy-holders_n be_v though_o servile_a yet_o certain_a and_o nominate_v and_o again_o in_o his_o four_o book_n and_o 28_o chapter_n that_o qualify_v sockmans_n have_v their_o tenement_n grant_v unto_o they_o to_o hold_v by_o covenant_n for_o certain_a service_n and_o custom_n name_v and_o express_v although_o the_o service_n and_o custom_n be_v servile_a that_o be_v with_o cart_n plough_n or_o the_o like_a at_o certain_a set_v time_n in_o the_o year_n according_a to_o agreement_n and_o again_o a_o little_a after_o villani_n sockmanii_n villana_fw-la faciunt_fw-la servitia_fw-la qualify_v sockmans_n do_v servile_a work_n and_o service_n yet_o certain_a and_o determine_v now_o cook_n upon_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la ch_n fol._n 13._o say_v that_o in_o these_o word_n reasonable_a custom_n and_o reasonable_a service_n all_o fine_n whether_o certain_a or_o uncertain_a and_o other_o custom_n and_o duty_n be_v comprehend_v and_o if_o so_o then_o for_o certain_a all_o fine_n of_o copy-holds_a be_v in_o bractons_n time_n certain_a and_o not_o as_o now_o uncertain_a and_o arbitrary_a but_o yet_o by_o the_o way_n take_v notice_n that_o he_o do_v not_o speak_v of_o any_o fine_n to_o be_v pay_v by_o qualify_a sockmans_n upon_o death_n or_o alienation_n that_o word_n under_o that_o notion_n be_v unknown_a to_o he_o or_o any_o other_o as_o we_o conceive_v of_o that_o age_n and_o have_v in_o his_o second_o book_n and_o five_o and_o thirty_o chapter_n treat_v at_o large_a who_o ought_v to_o do_v homage_n and_o who_o fealty_n and_o have_v show_v that_o both_o free_a and_o qualify_a soccager_n ought_v to_o do_v fealty_n to_o their_o lord_n come_v in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n to_o treat_v of_o relief_n and_o in_o the_o eight_o branch_n of_o the_o argument_n of_o that_o chapter_n make_v this_o quaerie_n si_fw-mi de_fw-fr soccagiis_fw-la dari_fw-la debet_fw-la relevium_fw-la if_o of_o soccage_n speak_v plural_o a_o relief_n ought_v to_o be_v give_v which_o must_v be_v understand_v both_o of_o free_a and_o qualify_a soccage_n and_o towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o chapter_n say_v et_fw-la nunc_fw-la videndum_fw-la si_fw-la de_fw-la soccagio_fw-it dari_fw-la debet_fw-la relevium_fw-la and_o now_o next_o come_v to_o be_v consider_v whether_o a_o relief_n ought_v to_o be_v give_v of_o soccage_n which_o be_v speak_v indefinite_o and_o in_o general_a without_o add_v any_o epithet_n either_o of_o free_a or_o qualify_v must_v in_o all_o construction_n if_o you_o consult_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o chapter_n be_v understand_v both_o of_o free_a and_o qualify_a soccage_n so_o that_o that_o duty_n or_o performance_n which_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o the_o ancestor_n be_v give_v in_o recognitionem_fw-la dominii_fw-la by_o way_n of_o acknowledgement_n of_o his_o dominion_n and_o lordship_n and_o as_o he_o say_v ad_fw-la relevandam_fw-la haereditatem_fw-la to_o relieve_v and_o raise_v the_o estate_n and_o inheritance_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o heir_n be_v praestatio_fw-la quaedam_fw-la loco_fw-la relevii_fw-la a_o certain_a prestation_n or_o performance_n instead_o of_o a_o relief_n for_o he_o will_v allow_v it_o proper_o to_o be_v a_o relief_n which_o the_o soccage_a either_o free_a or_o qualify_v pay_v due_a only_o upon_o death_n but_o never_o upon_o alienation_n and_o be_v ever_o certain_a namely_o a_o double_a quitrent_n that_o be_v to_o say_v one_o year_n rend_v due_a to_o the_o lord_n beside_o the_o yearly_a quitrent_n and_o this_o be_v that_o duty_n as_o we_o clear_o conceive_v which_o since_o they_o have_v new_o name_v and_o call_v a_o fine_a and_o exact_v not_o only_o upon_o death_n of_o copy-holders_n but_o alienation_n also_o and_o not_o only_o according_a to_o two_o year_n quitrent_n as_o by_o law_n they_o ought_v but_o according_a to_o their_o unreasonable_a lust_n and_o desire_n force_v from_o their_o tenant_n not_o only_o two_o year_n but_o even_o three_o year_n fine_a and_o more_o according_a to_o the_o yearly_a value_n and_o rent_n of_o the_o land_n so_o that_o the_o copyholder_n who_o be_v wont_v according_a to_o the_o ancient_a law_n and_o custom_n to_o pay_v for_o a_o fine_a upon_o death_n only_o but_o two_o year_n value_n according_a to_o the_o quitrent_n be_v now_o drive_v to_o pay_v two_o and_o three_o year_n value_n according_a to_o a_o full_a and_o rack_a rent_n and_o that_o upon_o alienation_n too_o con-contrary_a to_o the_o say_v ancient_a law_n and_o custom_n and_o all_o good_a conscience_n neither_o be_v bracton_n alone_o in_o ascertain_v the_o service_n and_o custom_n of_o copy-holders_n but_o other_o have_v say_v the_o same_o and_o namely_o britton_n a_o bishop_n in_o e._n 1._o and_o very_o learn_v in_o the_o law_n and_o who_o at_o the_o king_n command_v compose_v they_o into_o a_o complete_a volume_n where_o treat_v of_o copy-holders_n of_o inheritance_n set_v it_o down_o for_o positive_a law_n that_o such_o be_v their_o privilege_n that_o their_o lord_n may_v neither_o increase_v their_o service_n under_o which_o as_o before_o be_v show_v be_v comprehend_v fine_n nor_o change_v they_o to_o make_v their_o tenant_n do_v other_o service_n or_o more_o brit._n foe_o 165._o and_o according_o be_v the_o judgement_n of_o a_o whole_a parliament_n in_o the_o same_o king_n reign_n though_o ill_o if_o not_o of_o purpose_n and_o vicious_o translate_v which_o yet_o for_o further_a satisfaction_n we_o will_v here_o set_v down_o as_o we_o have_v receive_v it_o point_v and_o commae_v by_o cook_n in_o his_o four_o book_n of_o report_n in_o brown_n

case_n in_o these_o word_n inquirendum_fw-la est_fw-la etiam_fw-la de_fw-fr custumariis_fw-la viz._n quot_fw-la sunt_fw-la custumarii_fw-la &_o quamtum_fw-la terrae_fw-la quilibet_fw-la custumarius_fw-la teneat_fw-la qua_fw-la opera_fw-la quas_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la faciat_fw-la &_o quantum_fw-la opera_fw-la &_o censuetudines_fw-la cujuslibet_fw-la custumarii_fw-la valeant_fw-la per_fw-la annum_fw-la &_o quantum_fw-la redditur_fw-la de_fw-la reddit_fw-la assisae_fw-la per_fw-la annum_fw-la praeter_fw-la opera_fw-la &_o consuetudines_fw-la qua_fw-la possunt_fw-la talliari_fw-la &_o quae_fw-la non_fw-la ad_fw-la voluntatem_fw-la domini_fw-la which_o in_o english_a according_a to_o a_o true_a and_o grammatical_a translation_n be_v as_o follow_v inquity_n be_v to_o be_v make_v also_o of_o customary_a tenant_n that_o be_v to_o say_v how_o many_o customary_a tenant_n there_o be_v and_o how_o much_o land_n every_o customary_a tenant_n hold_v what_o work_v what_o custom_n he_o do_v and_o how_o much_o the_o work_n and_o custom_n of_o every_o customary_a tenant_n be_v worth_a by_o the_o year_n and_o how_o much_o be_v pay_v mean_v by_o every_o one_o of_o the_o rent_n of_o assize_n by_o the_o year_n beside_o their_o work_n and_o custom_n which_o may_v be_v rate_v and_o value_v as_o two_o or_o three_o day_n work_n in_o a_o year_n with_o plough_n and_o cart_n and_o which_o be_v not_o at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o a_o whole_a parliament_n esteem_v of_o they_o as_o customary_a tenant_n that_o their_o rent_n be_v account_v then_o parcel_n of_o the_o rent_n of_o assize_n and_o that_o all_o their_o work_n and_o custom_n be_v certain_a according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o those_o two_o great_a lawyer_n before-quoted_n who_o live_v in_o or_o near_o the_o say_a time_n one_o whereof_o be_v lord_n chief_a justice_n of_o england_n and_o the_o other_o a_o great_a and_o learned_a bishop_n and_o for_o as_o much_o as_o copy-holders_n have_v be_v as_o much_o oppress_v in_o heriot_n as_o in_o any_o other_o duty_n or_o service_n we_o will_v therefore_o in_o brief_a speak_v a_o word_n or_o two_o concern_v the_o ancient_a law_n in_o that_o point_n fleta_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 50._o and_o brit._n foe_o 178._o both_o say_v that_o the_o copyhold_n tenant_n make_v his_o testament_n upon_o his_o deathbed_n aught_o to_o make_v a_o acknowledgement_n of_o his_o lord_n by_o give_v of_o he_o one_o heriot_n and_o bracton_n lib._n 4._o cap._n 26._o say_v that_o the_o soccager_n whether_o qualify_v or_o free_a aught_o at_o his_o death_n to_o respect_v his_o lord_n with_o one_o heriot_n quae_fw-la tamen_fw-la praestatio_fw-la est_fw-la magis_fw-la de_fw-fr gratia_fw-la quam_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la which_o prestation_n or_o performance_n say_v he_o be_v rather_o of_o favour_n than_o of_o right_n and_o do_v not_o at_o all_o touch_n the_o inheritance_n and_o if_o we_o look_v a_o little_a high_o glanvill_n lord_n chief_a justice_n of_o england_n in_o h._n 2._o lib._n 7._o cap._n 5._o de_fw-fr legibus_fw-la &_o censuetudinibus_fw-la angliae_fw-la of_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o england_n say_v in_o these_o word_n potest_fw-la quilibet_fw-la libre_fw-la homo_fw-la majoribus_fw-la debitis_fw-la non_fw-la involutus_fw-la etc._n etc._n every_o freeman_n not_o great_o indebt_v may_v in_o his_o sickness_n make_v a_o reasonable_a devise_n of_o his_o good_n under_o this_o form_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n that_o he_o do_v acknowledge_v his_o lord_n with_o the_o best_a and_o principall_a he_o have_v next_o the_o church_n and_o afterward_o other_o person_n as_o he_o please_v but_o say_v he_o whatsoever_o the_o custom_n of_o diverse_a country_n and_o place_n be_v in_o this_o point_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n no_o man_n be_v bind_v in_o his_o testament_n to_o leave_v any_o thing_n to_o any_o person_n but_o at_o his_o free_a will_n and_o pleasure_n for_o every_o man_n will_n say_v he_o be_v free_a as_o well_o in_o reference_n to_o testamentary_a law_n as_o to_o other_o law_n so_o that_o here_o you_o may_v plain_o perceive_v that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o this_o great_a judge_n no_o heriot_n be_v due_a and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o due_a by_o any_o particular_a custom_n it_o be_v but_o one_o and_o that_o upon_o death_n only_o and_o must_v be_v give_v by_o the_o testator_n by_o will_n too_o and_o not_o be_v much_o in_o debt_n neither_o whereby_o it_o appear_v according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o those_o great_a lawyer_n fleta_n britt_n bracton_n and_o glanvill_n all_o those_o heriot_n which_o have_v be_v exact_v of_o late_a in_o such_o multiply_a number_n have_v be_v illegal_a &_o unjust_a and_o contrary_a to_o the_o good_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o this_o nation_n in_o former_a time_n now_o by_o what_o have_v be_v brief_o say_v it_o may_v easy_o appear_v to_o any_o indifferent_a man_n who_o have_v encroach_v most_o upon_o each_o other_o liberty_n whether_o the_o great_a and_o potent_a wealthy_a lord_n of_o the_o manor_n carry_v all_o thing_n before_o he_o by_o the_o virtue_n and_o charm_n of_o his_o unrighteous_a mammon_n or_o the_o poor_a despise_a trampled-under-foot-copy-holder_n who_o have_v be_v force_v to_o lose_v his_o liberty_n to_o preserve_v his_o livelihood_n whereas_o according_a to_o those_o great_a authority_n of_o bracton_n britton_n and_o other_o above_o quote_v all_o fine_n custom_n and_o other_o service_n of_o copy-holders_n ought_v neither_o to_o be_v change_v nor_o increase_v and_o that_o according_a to_o other_o who_o have_v strain_v the_o law_n beyond_o its_o due_a bound_n in_o favour_n to_o lord_n of_o manor_n all_o unreasonable_a fine_n and_o service_n be_v forbid_v and_o if_o all_o unreasonable_a then_o certain_o all_o arbitrary_a since_o it_o be_v abundant_o make_v know_v by_o long_a experience_n to_o the_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n that_o all_o arbitrary_a power_n as_o be_v the_o power_n of_o lord_n of_o manor_n to_o set_v what_o fine_n they_o please_v upon_o their_o tenant_n at_o death_n or_o alienation_n be_v oppressive_a tyrannical_a and_o contrary_a to_o the_o peace_n and_o freedom_n of_o this_o common_a wealth_n as_o full_o manifest_v in_o a_o declaration_n of_o this_o parliament_n set_v forth_o in_o march_n 1648._o in_o these_o word_n the_o parliament_n of_o england_n elect_v by_o the_o people_n who_o they_o represent_v have_v long_o contend_v against_o tyranny_n and_o endeavour_v to_o remove_v oppression_n arbitrary_a power_n or_o power_n of_o will_n and_o all_o opposition_n to_o the_o peace_n and_o freedom_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o again_o in_o another_o declaration_n of_o the_o seven_o of_o april_n 1646._o in_o this_o manner_n and_o as_o both_o house_n have_v already_o for_o the_o ease_n and_o benefit_n of_o the_o people_n take_v away_o the_o court_n of_o ward_n and_o livery_n with_o all_o tenor_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o knight_n service_n so_o we_o shall_v take_v special_a care_n that_o as_o speedy_a and_o as_o great_a ease_n may_v be_v have_v otherwise_o in_o other_o grievance_n as_o the_o press_a occasion_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n will_v admit_v wherefore_o these_o argument_n premise_v be_v serious_o consider_v we_o humble_o crave_v of_o your_o excellency_n that_o you_o will_v be_v please_v to_o intercede_v with_o our_o representative_a for_o the_o removal_n of_o that_o unjust_a and_o slavish_a bondage_n and_o yoke_n which_o neither_o we_o nor_o our_o forefather_n have_v be_v able_a to_o bear_v that_o so_o we_o may_v not_o only_o in_o spiritual_n but_o also_o in_o temporal_n enjoy_v that_o freedom_n and_o liberty_n which_o not_o only_o by_o law_n but_o by_o right_a of_o conquest_n be_v due_a to_o the_o well-affected_n people_n of_o this_o commonwealth_n it_o be_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n yea_o and_o the_o law_n of_o christ_n too_o fac_n alteri_fw-la quod_fw-la tibi_fw-la vis_fw-la fieri_fw-la do_v to_o other_o as_o you_o will_v be_v do_v to_o if_o so_o how_o can_v freedom_n &_o liberty_n be_v deny_v to_o those_o who_o with_o the_o hazard_n and_o loss_n of_o their_o life_n good_n and_o all_o have_v purchase_v freedom_n and_o liberty_n not_o only_o to_o their_o representative_n and_o well-affected_a potentate_n but_o also_o to_o those_o who_o have_v be_v enemy_n to_o this_o commonwealth_n whereby_o they_o who_o under_o the_o monarchical_a yoke_n be_v in_o bondage_n not_o only_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o estate_n but_o of_o their_o person_n also_o be_v now_o restore_v to_o a_o noble_a and_o glorious_a liberty_n whilst_o their_o fellow_n brethren_n who_o ought_v to_o be_v sharer_n in_o this_o freedom_n lie_v under_o the_o burden_n of_o tithe_n and_o bondage_n of_o copy-holds_a many_o whereof_o do_v at_o this_o day_n retain_v the_o dishonourable_a name_n of_o base_a tenure_n and_o villanage_n in_o the_o worst_a sense_n as_o if_o we_o be_v rather_o return_v back_o to_o egypt_n than_o in_o our_o progress_n to_o canaan_n ah_o most_o religious_a sir_n do_v we_o