opinion Have they never read that when it was in force according to the Letter a man was stoned for gathering sticks on the Sabbath day But if the Equity only of that Law be in force at this day why are we accounted as Transgressors by them whilst we keep it according to the Moral Equity and the Precepts of the Church The truth is they are superstitious in the one and prophane in the other Can these men see that a Day may be holy because set apart for the service of God and can they not see that a Place likewise may be holy which is consecrated to his Worship Even the light of nature taught the Heathen if once a Thing was dedicated to God if it were a gift to devour that gift was Sacriledge and brought a Curse with it witness their Proverb concerning the Gold of Tholoss if it were a Place to prophane that place was sinful Procul hinc procul este prophani Conclamat vates and that they think so still I call the Morocco Embassadour to witness If it be said those times for Publick Worship are appointed by Gods immediate command as Moral and so are not publick places and in that respect we honour one more than the other I answer it is one thing to say it and another thing solidly to prove it for the set times appointed by God in the fourth Commandment were the seventh days from the Creation which on all hands is confest we keep not Again in what time soever the Church began to omit the last day of the Week and keep only the first that Week there was no seventh day Sabbath which could not lawfully have been done if one day of seven be moral and of perpetual Equity for what is Moral is unchangeable The truth is the fourth Commandment enjoyns us to set convenient times apart for Gods Service and that is a moral duty but our Lords Day is not appointed by that but by the Traditions of the Apostles and the Precepts of the Church Now we have not only the Precepts of the Church to esteem reverently of Gods House but the Precepts of the Apostles to do all things in Gods service decently and in order and when they did not St. Paul chides them thus What have you not houses to eat and drink in If any man hunger let him eat at home The dishonour that is done to God's House reflects upon God himself When Jehu destroyed Baal out of Israel they brake down the house of Baal and made it a draught-house And so it must needs tend to the dishonour of Almighty God when we dishonour the place dedicated to his publick Worship Learned Mr. Mead did believe the instinct of nature taught the very Heathen that the Worship was dignified by the peculiarness of the place and the Magnificence of the Temple appointed for it It is likewise a Vulgar Error that possesseth the minds of many that to hear Preaching is the chief end of coming to God's House whereas joyning together in Prayer is to be preferred before it that which carries the denomination of a house is certainly the chief thing that is to be done in that house Now Gods House is not called the house of Preaching in Scripture but the house of Prayer I confess Preaching is a great Ordinance yet Prayer is a greater how meanly soever it is esteemed by many If there were nothing but Preaching they would come but if nothing but Praying they will not come But blessed Hannah was not of their mind she never refused to come to the Temple when there were Prayers there Surely the Error in this point is very great and one main cause I conceive is this people are lazy in the duties of Christianity and will not strive to enter in at the streight Gate now to hear a Sermon puts them to no great labour Nay happily the novelty of the Matter the variety of the Phrase may deceive that little toil of sitting and listening to it But Prayer is a lifting up of the Soul to God and our Souls are naturally tending downwards so that we may find it a weighty matter to lift them up long together and we are quickly weary of that work A righteous mans Prayer doth not avail much unless it be fervent now fervency cannot be unless our Hearts pant after God as the Hart after the Rivers of waters And to bring our hearts to this will cost us some pain unless we sigh and groan and so Gods Spirit helps us to do unless we mourn and weep so David often unless we wrestle with God as Jacob who wept and made his supplications unto him which things since they are so no marvel though a carnal heart had rather come to Preaching than to Praying 't is a great deal the easier duty take heed the Devil don't perswade you 't is in a manner the only duty lest he keep you with a form of Godliness without the power of it all your days When Joseph brought his two Sons to Jacob to be bless'd he thought his Father had been mistaken in preferring Ephraim before Manasses and he went to remove his Fathers hands saying Not so my Father this is the Elder lay thy right hand upon his head but he answered and said I know it my Son I know it he shall be great but truly his Brother shall be greater While some people think we are mistaken in preferring Praying before Preaching they are mistaken themselves and we may answer them We know not what we affirm we know it Preaching shall be accounted a great Ecclesiastical Ordinance but truly Prayer shall be a greater And as Publick Prayer hath a more especial promise to be heard than Private so likewise Prayers put up in Gods House have a more peculiar promise than if put up elsewhere Exod. 20.24 In all places where I record my name I will come unto thee and will bless thee All Objections to the contrary are but like those made against the waters of Jordan by Naaman Are not Abana and Pharphar Rivers of Damascus better than all the waters of Israel may I not wash in them and be clean No the Promise is made to the waters of Jordan and not to those Now as the waters cleansed not the Leprosie by any Physical operation but by way of blessing so neither do our Prayers prevail for their worthiness but are heard for his Promise sake and his gracious goodness The Jews when they prayed at home were wont still to spread forth their hands towards the Temple 1 Kings 8.38 So Daniel his Windows being open towards Jerusalem he kneeled on his knees three times a day and prayed Dan. 6.10 Neither are people less mistaken concerning their Praises than concerning their Prayers in Gods House whilst they cry out of the Organ the Lute or the Harp as if it were sinfully ceremonious to sing Praises after that manner The Ceremonial Law was given by Moses but this was not given by Moses therefore
is the first mention in the Scripture of any House to be built to the honour of Gods Name Afterwards God bid Moses and Aaron build him an Ark and told them it should be the Covenant and Pledge that he would go along with them and that they should have his presence amongst them and so it was performed accordingly When the Philistines had taken it it plagued them their God Dagon fell before it then they returned it and when Obed-Edom had it the Lord blessed the house of Obed-Edom the Gittite and all that appertained to him because of the Ark of God After this David seriously considered with himself that he dwelt in an house of Cedar but the Ark of God was only under a Tent and he vowed a Vow unto the Lord that he would prepare a place for it The very instinct of nature told him it was a shame that his own house should be handsomer than the Publick place of Gods Worship and so it should teach us at this day He prepares with all his might a stupendious quantity of materials for the House of God 1 Chron. 29.4 Three thousand Talents of Gold of the Gold of Ophir and seven thousand Talents of refined Silved to over-lay the Walls of the House withal and Brass and Iron without weight and Marble stones and other Materials without number for he considered that the House was not for man but for God Peaceful Solemon builds this House and consecrates it and God accepts of it and heard the Prayers of his People that were put up in it against Plague Famine Mildew blasting or when the Enemy afflicted them within the Gates when Nebuchadnezzar burnt this house and carried away all the goodly Vessels belonging to it to Babilon Nehemiah rebuilds it and God stirreth up the spirit of Cyrus the Persian to send back again to this Temple five thousand four hundred Vessels of Gold and Silver which Nebuchadnezzar had taken away and put them in the House of his Gods so the Temple was built and beautified and reverenced as Gods Sanctuary as it ought to be But in our Saviour's time men were grown to that height of prophaneness that they brought Sheep and Oxen into that holy place to be sold they made a Market place of it to sell Doves and to change Money but the zeal of Gods House did even eat our Saviour up that is made him seem to forget his mild and gentle nature and use a Rod instead of the spirit of meekness he with a Scourge drove out the Oxen overthrew the Tables of the Money changers and said to them that sold Doves Take these things hence and would not suffer any to carry a Vessel through the Temple because it was an holy place and left a lasting Lesson to us highly to esteem of places dedicated to Gods Worship But here three Questions may arise 1. How comes one place to be more holy than another 2. What kind of holiness is a place capable of 3. Whether if it be granted that a place was so under the Law it be so still under the Gospel To the first I answer a place comes to be holy by being separated from common use and dedicated to the service of God Exod. 13.12 Thou shalt set apart all that openeth the Matrix unto the Lord. Now St. Luke speaking of the same thing in Chap. 2.23 renders it thus Every Male that openeth the womb shall be called holy unto the Lord So that if a thing be set apart for the Lord upon that setting it apart it becomes holy The Israelites were called a holy people because God separated them from all other Nations to be his own peculiar 1 Kings 8.53 And when he would consecrate the Levites to his service from among all the Children of Israel He says thus to Moses Thou shalt separate the Levites from among the Children of Israel and the Levites shall be mine Num. 8.14 so that when a place is separated from common use and dedicated to the service of God that place is a Sanctuary a holy place and till the relation it hath to God for his service is abolished it is to be accounted Sacred So that the notion of Holiness consists in this in being separated and set apart for God The Religious person whilst he is separated from sin and sinners from the allurements of a wicked world and the sinful lusts of the flesh he makes his Soul and Body a Temple for the Holy Ghost 2. If demanded what kind of holiness a place is capable of I answer a place is not capable of any inherent holiness as mans Soul is but only of a Relative holiness and if you will shew so much reverence to a Prince as to be uncovered in his Presence Chamber certainly you ought to shew as much to God to be uncovered in his Sanctuary If it be said true under the Law we grant things had a Relative holiness but how do you prove they have so under the Gospel I answer Time and Place are receptive of holiness alike We know that all times are his for he makes all our days all things are his for the Earth is the Lords and the falness thereof But now if under the Gospel some time may be more peculiarly his than as all time is his and some things may be more peculiarly his than as all things are his then those things which are so peculiarly his may have a Relative holiness in them under the Gospel as well as under the Law for the Relative holiness consists in this peculiar separation to Almighty God Now that some Times may be peculiarly his is plain by St. John's calling the first day of the Week the Lords Day Rev. 1.10 that is set apart for his service by the Apostles and the Church instead of the Jewish Sabbath and some Things may be peculiarly his as doth appear by St. Peters speech to Ananias Whilst it remained was it not thine own c. Acts 5.4 but to keep back what was dedicated to God was a robbing of God A lying unto God and not unto men so that you see God may have a peculiarity in things under the Gospel as well as under the Law And if it be in a Day ye ought to keep it holy if in a House God would have you keep your foot when you enter into the house of the Lord. We have a Generation amongst us that cry up the holiness of the Sabbath and the strict observance of it as if in its minute Appendages it bound us almost as much as it did the Jew and yet these very men will cry down the holiness of the Sanctuary and account themselves very holy in so doing Whereas in Lev. 19.30 God joyns them both together saying Ye shall keep my Sabbaths and reverence my Sanctuary If the fourth Commandment of the Decalogue bind us now according to the Letter as they contend why doth their practice in kindling their fire in dressing their food contradict their
save men but they will not be saved So the year of Jubilee was a true Type of our deliverance by Christ whosoever was in bondage might then go out free wherefore I conclude as sure as we are lost by the first Adam so sure we are redeemed by the second Adam So sure as we are created by God the Father so sure we are redeemed by God the Son and Whoever will believe in him shall not perish but shall have everlasting life Vulgar Errors CONCERNING Praying by the SPIRIT Removed THere hath nothing of late years been more mistaken than those Scriptures which speak of praying by the Spirit or the Spirit helping our Infirmities and God's pouring out the Spirit of Prayer and Supplications upon his People Which places have been wrested against a set Form of Prayer as if it were nothing but cold breathings and Lip labour to use their own words and a man in praying such a Prayer could not be assisted by the Spirit of God Their first mistake lieth in this that they do not distinguish between the gift of Prayer and the Spirit of Prayer Many men have a very good gift of Prayer and a very fluent Tongue who yet may be very formal as to their hearts not every one that hath the best gift of Eloquence prays most by the Spirit nor he that hath the meanest gift of Elocution prays least with the Spirit We may instance in Moses and Aaron the one of a stammering tongue the other God gives him this testimony that he could speak well Yet in the famous fight between Israel and Ameleck God makes not choice of Eloquent Aaron but of slowspoken Moses to get the victory by Prayer Though Aaron speak better than Moses yet certainly he could not pray better than he Prayer is a great part of Gods Service and Worship and our blessed Saviour tells us God is a Spirit and must be worshipp'd in Spirit Yet when the Apostles desired him to teach them to pray he did not teach them to pray by the Spirit in their sense who think speaking extempore without premeditation whatever comes into their mind on a sudden is the only praying by the Spirit but he prescribes them a set Form saying When ye pray say Our Father which art in heaven c. So that a set Form certainly may be prayed by the Spirit else it had never been commanded to be used by our Saviour Christ If it be said the Lords Prayer is a pattern to frame our Prayers by rather than a Prayer it self My answer is As some Weights and Measures which are so exact in their kind being kept as Standards to make other Weights and Measures by do not lose the nature of Weights and Measures upon that account but rather are warranted in their kind So the Lords Prayer by being made a pattern for our Prayers doth not lose the nature of a Prayer but rather is thereby commended to us to be the most absolute Form of Prayer in the world In Numb 6.23 God bids Moses speak unto Aaron and his Sons saying on this wise ye shall bless the people the Lord bless thee and keep thee the Lord make his face shine favourably upon thee c. If any able of themselves to conceive a Prayer we may well suppose it should be the Priest whose Lips should preserve knowledge yet they are prescribed a set Form of blessing the People If it had been prescribed for the simple and ignorant sort it might have been objected They that have not gifts of their own are permitted to make use of other mens gifts but seeing it is prescribed the Priest himself nay even for Aaron the Eloquent High-Priest it strongly concludes for a set Form of Prayer and Benediction to be used in publick by the most able and eloquent Divine Moses a great Prophet who prayed so earnestly that God said Let me alone as if he tied Gods hands yet did he use one set Form of Prayer when the Ark set forward and when it rested Numb 10.35 When it set forward he said Arise O God let thine enemies be scattered let them also that hate thee flee before thee and when it rested he said constantly Return O Lord to the many thousands of Israel Let us not seek to seem better than he in new Forms every day whose gifts without question were unspeakably greater than ours The 92. Psalm was usually sung in the Church of the Jews every Sabbath day it was penned for that purpose as appeareth by the Title of it Seeing therefore a set Form of Prayer and Praise have been the practice of the ancient Church of God among the Jews and of Christian Churches to this very day let us give them the right hand of fellowship to have a Unity and Uniformity in Publick Worship Our blessed Saviour of whom it was said truly never man spake as he spake yet he useth three times together the same words in his Agony Father if it be possible let this Cup pass from me He wanted no variety of words yet he confines himself to the same words the Prophet Joel prescribes the Prayer for the Priest and bids them say Spare thy people good Lord c. St. Paul the great Doctor of the Gentiles used the same Salutation in the beginning of most of his Epistles Grace mercy and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ and the same Prayer at the end of them The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ and the love of God and the fellowship of the Holy Ghost be with you all Amen These examples plainly refute the error of those that are against the Liturgy or set Form of Prayer in the Church it is a ridiculous thing to think that as a nice and squeamish stomach is delighted with change of Dishes so God is delighted with variety of words and novelty of matter and method and that unless we have a new stile or a new trope or a new figure or a new flourish every time more than other we have not the Spirit of Prayer nor shall be excepted Every good Christian is not able to conceive a Prayer many have weak Capacities to conceive them want Order and Method to compose them yet even these if they meet with a Prayer framed to their hand can pray fervently and heartily A set Form must needs be a great help to those that are weak and yet willing to pray nay even they that are strong ought not to despise them for Prayers in publick are bounded by authority To pass over those bounds then must needs be offensive to that Authority that prescribed those bounds If any do they foment as it were a Worship distinct and apart from what is authorized by the Church but more reason that the spirit of a Minister should be regulated by the spirit of the Church representative than the spirits of the whole Congregation by the spirit of the Minister If he that was sick of the Palsie that was born of four
no part of the Ceremonial Law Indeed in the Levitical Law the Jew was commanded to blow with Trumpets on the Sabbath and New Moons But you never read Moses commanded to sing Praises with Strings and Pipe Again the Ceremonies were shadows of things to come and most of them referred unto Christ but this kind of service is no ways typical of the Messiah and therefore not Ceremonial Neither is it sinful for it was first taught us by the inspiration of the Holy Ghost see 2 Chron. 29.25 Hezekiah set the Levites in the House of the Lord with Cymbals Psalteries and Harps according to the commandment of David and Gad the Kings Seer and Nathan the Prophet for so was the Commandment of the Lord by his Prophets So that to praise God with Instruments of Musick in his House is so far from being sinful that it was instituted first of all at the command of God himself by his Prophets If it be farther objected although it was appointed of God yet it was appointed under the Old Law before Christ came therefore ought now to vanish My answer is so were the Ten Commandments yet they ought always to stand in force we must not look so much to the time when a Command is given as to the intrinsick nature of a Command if we would know whether it be always to stand in force or no For if the Law have in it a Moral equity though given under the Law it may oblige us under the Gospel Now that the great and glorious God should be praised with Psalms and Hymns and spiritual Songs sung after the best and skilfullest manner to make his Service more solemn must needs be most equal and having in it a moral equity cannot be displeasing to Almighty God still to be kept up by us Instruments of Musick have great influence into the Affections of men we use the Trumpet to stir up the courage of men in War Why should we not use these to stir up our Affections to Gods Service to make us sing lustily and with a good courage If it be said it will hinder our devotion by carrying away the mind to the Musick I answer this is not essential to it but only accidental So may a pleasant Voice but we must not take away the use of a thing because it may be abused Watch therefore more narrowly thine own Heart and think these Wings were added to thy soul to make her fly the swifter up to Heaven and not to flutter here below God loves no lukewarm drouzie service that therefore that will heighten our zeal and take away our drouziness will be a help and not an hindrance to our devotion To this end David prepared two hundred fourscore and eight skilful Singers to praise God being instructed in the Songs of the Lord as we read in 1 Chron. 25.7 And he made four thousand Instruments to praise God withal 1 Chron. 23.5 Thus he took order that with Trumpets and Shawmes they should shew themselves joyful before the Lord their King The infirmities of our nature and the weaknesses of flesh and bloud are much relieved by Musick We read of a strange effect that Musick had upon Saul 1 Sam. 16.14 Saul had forsaken God and now Gods Spirit forsakes him and an evil spirit from the Lord troubled him and it came to pass when the evil spirit from God was upon Saul that David took a Harp and played with his hand so Saul was refreshed and well and the evil spirit departed from him If it had been the Spirit of God that had been expell'd by Musick no question but this place would have been brought by some against us But seeing it was the evil spirit that was constantly chased away by it why should it not make for us For whether it were a deep melancholy only or a Devil possessing him and stirring and carrying that melancholy passion further than naturally it would have gone Expositors do doubt But be it which it will you see Saul was miserably out of tune with it till Davids Harp composed his affections and made him sedate and quiet and fit for the Society of men again If Musick be known to heighten our joy at a feast Why may it not heighten our joy in the Lord whilst we make a chearful noise unto the God of Jacob If we are commanded when merry to sing Psalms Surely to make the tune more melodious with Harp or Organ can be no offence If to hear a Psalm sung out of tune hinders our devotion and is apt to move scorn and laughter then by the rule of contraries to be brought to good time and tune by an Organ must needs make the Service of God more solemn more devout and more acceptable both to God and man Vulgar Errors CONCERNING The WILL Removed ALthough Faith and Hope be Gods gifts and called Gods Armour yet we must put this Armour on We must cooperate with the grace of God or else his grace will be offered us in vain The Greek Proverb says A man must defend his Weapons if he would have his Weapons defend him And St. Augustine says truly He that made thee without thee will not save thee without thee But how far and after what manner the Will of man concurs with the grace of God in things pertaining to Salvation is much controverted by the Learned which that you may the better understand I shall first explain the terms unto you 1. Telling you what the Will is 2. What the grace of God is and then shall consider of their manner of concurrence in all gracious acts 1. The Will is the rational appetite or a free power of choosing or refusing of a thing or of preferring one thing before another when divers things conduce to the same end 2. Grace is strength and assistance from God to do something above nature Without me says Christ ye can do nothing we are not able of our selves so much as to think a good thought 'T is said Pelagius taught that the Will of man needed nothing of grace but only to be enlightened by the Word of God to know his Will and the danger of not doing it and the reward of performing it and then it was able by its own natural powers to perform it grounding his opinion on such Texts as these If I had not come and spoken unto them they had not had sin but now they have no cloak for their sin Now ye say we see therefore your sin remaineth Some on the other side think the Will is subject to the special motion of God in the act of Conversion or any other gracious act so that the grace of God is irresistably powerful and what mixture men bring from the vertue of the Will to grace is only the corruption of it they ground their opinion on such Texts as these You hath he quickned who were dead in trespasses and sins And again We are created in Christ Jesus unto good works from whence