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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
lord_n	command_v	day_n	sabbath_n	10,415	5	9.9260	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A47706	The history of the rites, customes, and manner of life, of the present Jews, throughout the world. VVritten in Italian, by Leo Modena, a rabbine of Venice. Translated into English, by Edmund Chilmead, Mr. of Arts, and chaplain of Christ-Church Oxon; Historia de' riti hebraici, vita ed osservanze de gl'Hebrei di questi tempi. English	Modena, Leone, 1571-1648.; Chilmead, Edmund, 1610-1654.	1650 (1650)	Wing L1099A; ESTC R216660	90,789	288

be led aside by any Sinful Thought during the time of Prayer 6. Notwithstanding the Situation and Ordering of all these Particulars is diverse according to the different Customes of the severall Countries Nations and places where they inhabite 7. There is One that sings out the Prayers lowder then the rest whom they call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cazan and Another that hath the charge of looking to the School and keeping it Clean and Orderly to set up Lights and to attend all other needfull Offices that may occurre during the time of Prayers and he also keepeth the Keys of the School This Officer is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Schamash that is to say a Minister or serving Officer And both of these as well the Cazan as the Shamas have stipends allowed them out of the Common stock of the School they are of 8. Of these Synagogues or Schooles there are perhaps one two sixe ten or More in a City according to the Proportion of the Jews there inhabiting allotting to each School such a number of persons as it will receive and according to the different customes of the Levantines Dutch and Italians because there is more Diversity found amongst them in this Particular and in what else relates to their Prayers then in any other thing whatsoever every Nation following herein its own particular Fancy CHAP. XI Of their Prayers square Vestment called Taleth their Frontlets and Book of the Pentateuch THey repair to their Devotions in their Synagogues or Schools three times a day that is to say in the Morning from Sun-rising till about the Fourth hour of the day and this they call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Schacrith in the Afternoon about the Ninth hour which they call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Minchah and in the Evening at the beginning of the Night and this is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Arbith But in many places except it be upon Festivall daies they say their Afternoon Prayers and their Evening all together about the time of Sun-set as being the more convenient time 2. They alwaies wash their hands before they enter into the School and in the Morning they must neither eat nor drink any thing before they go nor do any manner of businesse nor so much as go to salute any friend nor do any reverence to any 3. In the Morning as soon as they are entred they put on each man his Taleth or square Vestment mentioned before chap. 5. 7. 8. 9. saying the Benediction Blessed be thou c. which is used when they put on their Zizith or Pendants And some put it onely on their head others turn it back about their neck that so they may be the more attentive at their Prayers without looking aside any way 4. After this they put on their 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Tephilin mentioned before chap. 5. paragr 10. Which are made after this manner They write upon two pieces of Parchment with Ink prepared for the same purpose and with verie great exactnesse in a fair square letter in each of them these Four passages out of the Law The First is out of the Chap. 6. Deuteron ver 4. Hear O Israel the Lord our God is one Lord c. the Second out of the 11. Chapt. ver 13. And it shall come to pass if you shall hearken diligently unto my Commandments which I command you this day c. the Third out of Exodus Chap. 13. ver 1. And the Lord spake unto Moses saying Sanctifie unto me all the First born c. and the Fourth out of the same Chapter ver 11. And it shall be when the Lord shall bring thee into the land of the Canaanites c. And these they rowl up in a black piece of Calves skin that is to say in One of them they put all the aforesaid passages of Scripture together in one Rowl made up pointed at the end which they fasten to a square piece of the said Calves skin in the hardest part of it out of which skin there comes a certain String or Thong of the same Leather being an Inch broad and about a yard and a half long so that it may be tied upon the Brawnie part of the Left Arm and the said string after a small knot made up in the fashion of a Jod may be turned round about the Arm and so reach down to the middle Finger of the Hand and this they call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Tephilah she l jad that is to say The Pendant of the Hand In the other the aforesaid four places of Scripture are divided into four several parts each from other and being afterwards fastened together again they make a kind of square with the figure of the letter Schin upon it and then fastening it to the like square piece of hard Leather as the other was there are cut out of it two such Strings or Thongs as the other had and so the said Square is to be placed upon the midst of the Forehead the two strings encompassing the head and being tied in a knot behind in the figure of a Daleth and the rest of them hanging down before upon the Breast And this they call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Tephilah shel roseh The Pendant of the Head These are the Frontlers which together with the Taleth they generally put on every Morning and onely then although there are some of the more Devout among them that put them on at the Afternoon Prayers also but there are not many that do so unlesse it be the Cazan or Chaunter who alwaies puts on the Taleth or Square Vestment 5. When they see that there are Ten men of the age of Thirteen years and a day assembled together for if they be under the number of Ten persons they may not begin to sing Prayers solemnly the Cazan or Chaunter goes then to the Table or Woodden Altar before spoken of and there begins the Prayers in a loud voyce all the rest of the Congregation saying after him in a softer Tone 6. The Manner of saying their Prayers is very different among the Three several Nations above specified and indeed there is not any thing wherein they differ more then in this as was intimated before In their singing the Dutch far exceed all the rest the Levantines and Spaniards use a certain singing Tone much after the Turkish manner and the Italians affect a more plain and quiet way in their devotions The formes and words are more or lesse according to the day whether it be a Festival or otherwise and yet there is some difference among them on their Festivals also 7. Neverthelesse the main Bodie and substance of their Prayers wherein all in a manner agree is this In the morning they say certain Psalms especially the 145. Exaltabo te Deus meus Rex c. I will magnifie thee O God my King c. to the end and all those following Hallelujahs then a certain Collection of Praises to God which is often

finding thine Own pleasure nor speaking thine Own words c. 7. They may not touch or handle any thing of Weight or burthen nor any Tool or Instrument of any Act or Work that may not be done upon the Sabbath 8. They may not walk above a mile from the Citie or place where they dwel that is to say Two Thousand Yards 9. There are besides these things many other Particulars Forbidden by the Rabbines for the more certain avoiding of all manner of Businesse or Work of Handicrafts to be done that day as for example The handling of any Money which is the Cause and Occasion of all manner of Trading as likewise Riding on Horseback Going by Water Playing upon any Musical Instrument or Bathing 10. In case of any Persons being Ill or Diseased if the Grief require onely the Chirurgeons hand there are many and severe Restraints laid upon them by the Rabbines But if the Physicians help be necessarie if he esteem it a sicknesse of any danger although it be not great and so likewise in Case of any Woman being newly brought to bed the Physician hath Libertie to do any thing 11. On Friday then every one provides himself of whatsoever he shall need the day following as the Children of Israel did of old in gathering their Manna as it is written Exod. cap. 16. ver 5. Die autem sexto parent quod inferant c. And it shall come to passe that on the sixt day they shall prepare that which they bring in and it shall be twice as much as they gather daily And they account it a Good Work to spend Liberallie that day in honour of the Feast as it is written in Isaiah cap. 58. ver 13. Et glorificaveris eum c. and shalt honour Him c. and they willinglie employ themselves even in the Meanest Offices that are any whit tending to the Honour of the Sabbath 12. They do not begin any kind of businesse or work upon the Friday unlesse they are very well able to finish it fully some while before the Evening comes on and when it is now within an hour of Sun-set they set their Meat on the Fire in the best manner they can that so it may be readie to eat against the next day and having done this they make an end of working any more till the Sabbath be over In many Cities there is one that is appointed to go about and proclaim the Approaching of the Sabbath about some half an hour before the time that it is to begin that so they may dispatch and quit their hands of all manner of businesse whatsoever before the beginning of the Feast 13. When the 23. hour then of Friday is now come about half an hour before Sun-set the Feast is understood to be begun and then also the Forbearing from all Works that are Forbidden begins to take place And now the Women are bound to set up a Lamp in the house lighted which used to carry Four or Six Lights at least and this Lamp burneth the greatest part of the Night They also spread the Table with a Clean Table-cloath and set bread upon it and over the Bread they spread a long narrow Towel which covers it all over and this is done say They in Memorie of the Manna in the Wildernesse which in like manner descended upon the Earth being covered beneath and having a Dew on the top of it and on the Sabbath it fell not at all 14. There are many that shift themselves at that time putting on clean shirts and washing their Hands and Face and so go to the School where they say the 92. Psalm Bonum est confiteri Domino c. It is a good thing to give thanks unto the Lord and to sing praises unto thy name O Thou most High c. together with the accustomed Prayers withall naming the Sabbath in their Prayers and rehearsing those Verses of Genesis cap. 2. Igitur perfecti sunt Coeli Terra c. Thus the Heavens and the Earth were finished and all the Host of them And on the seventh day God ended his Work which he had made c. And God blessed the seventh day and sanctified it c. 15. Then do they return each man to his home and if they salute any one that night they do dot say unto him Good Even Nor the next day Good Morrow but alwaies their salutation is A good Sabbath to you and so the Fathers blesse their Children and the Masters their Scholars and some use to say certain Verses in Praise of the Sabbath either before or after Meat according as the Custome of the place is 16. When they are set down to Meat the Master of the Familie takes a Bowl of wine in his hand and saying the afore-cited Verses of Gen. cap. 2. Igitur perfecti sunt Coeli terra c. he giveth thanks to God who hath given them the Commandment of keeping the Sabbath and so he blesseth the Wine and drinketh of it and afterwards gives a little of it to each person at the Table with him Then doth he rehearse the 23. Psalm Dominus regit me c. The Lord is my Shepherd therefore can I lack nothing c. and so blesseth the Bread and giveth of it to all and after this they eat every one as much as sufficeth him as they likewise do each Meal the day following When they have done then do they wash their hands and so perform all those other ceremonies that we have before set down Par. 2. cap. 9. speaking of their Manner of sitting at Meat Some use to say after Meat the 104. Psal Benedic anima mea domino c. Blesse the Lord O my Soul c. 17. The next Morning they rise later then they usuallie do on the Week daies and go to the School where after the singing of many Psalms and the Accustomed Prayers together with certain Laudatory Prayers in honour of the Sabbath they take out the Book of the Law before spoken of and read the Lessons or Portion of it appointed for that day and this is done by seven persons after this they read some place or other out of the Prophets which they find to be most suitable to the Ordinarie Lesson for the day and this is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Haphtarah Lectio Dimissoria a Dimissory Lesson and this is read by some Child for the most part to exercise him in Reading the Scripture 18. After this they take the said Book and holding it up on high that it may be seen by all they blesse all the Assistants 19. Then is there a solemn Benediction said for the Prince of that State under which they live wherein they pray to God that he would preserve Him in Peace and Quietnesse and that he would prosper Him and make Him Great and Powerful and that he would also make Him Favourable and Kind to their Nation observing to do thus from that Passage in Jerem. cap. 29.

ver 7. Et quaerite pacem Civitatis c. And seek the peace of the City whither I have caused you to be carryed away Captives and pray unto the Lord for it for in the peace thereof shall ye have peace After this they say another Prayer called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Musaph Additamentum an Additional Prayer wherein is read the sacrifice that was wont to be offered in the Temple and thus is their Morning Prayer ended 20. They have their Sermons also or Preaching which is performed either in the the Morning or in the Afternoon in the School or some other place designed for that purpose wherein they treat of Good Manners and reprove Vices fitting their Discourse to the Ordinarie Lesson for the day that was taken out of the Pentateuch and citing many Sentences out of the Rabbines as hath been formerly declared Par. 2. cap. 1. 21. In the Evening they repair to the School again where after the Ordinarie Prayers are said there is added a Commemoration of the Sabbath and the Beginning of the Lesson for the Week following is read out of the Pentateuch by three persons 22. They use to make three Meals that is to say they sit down to meat three times during the time that the Sabbath lasteth namely once on Friday night and twice the day following doing this in Honour of the Feast And the Table-cloth continues laid all the day long 23. In the Evening when the time is come that they can now see three stars of the middle Magnitude they account the Sabbath to be at an end and it is now lawfull to do any manner of work so soon as ever the Evening Prayer is begun to which they make the lesse haste that they may not seem to Anticipate or end the Sabbath before the due time 24. They adde to the Ordinarie Evening Prayers a certain Commemoration or Acknowledgment of the Sabbaths being a day distinguished and set apart from the Week-daies saying also the 91. Psalm Qui habitat in Adjutorio Altissimi c. He that dwelleth in the secret place of the most High shall abide under the shadow of the Almighty c. and many other Verses out of the Scripture treating of Blessings and Prosperitie and the like 25. Then returning each man to his own home they light a Torch or Lamp with two wicks in it at least and taking a Bowl of Wine in one hand and sweet spices in the other they say certain verses out of the Prophets touching Prosperitie and Blessings and also out of the 116. Psalm Calicem salutis accipiam c. I will take the Cup of Salvation and call upon the name of the Lord and likewise out of Esther cap. 8. ver 16. Judaeis autem nova lux c. The Jewes had Light and gladness and joy and honour and the like praying withall that the week following may be prosperous unto them After this they blesse the wine and the sweet spices withall smelling to them that so they may seem to begin the week with delight and pleasure then do they also blesse the Light of the Fire which as yet hath not been made any use of withall looking upon their own heads because now they may fall to their work again And all these things are with them of very mysterious signification Now the meaning of all this is to signifie that the Sabbath is now ended and that that Instant of time divides it from the Working-daies and having so said it is quite finished Now all this Ceremonie is for the same Reason called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Habdalah which is as much as to say Distinction which being now ended they cast a little of the wine upon the ground in token of joy and gladnesse and some use to sing certain songs and verses Ominating Prosperitie and good Fortune the week following And from henceforth it is lawfull for them to do any work 26. When they salute one another that night they do not say God give you a good Night but God send you a good week CHAP. II. Of the Beginning of their Moneths and of their Order and Names and of the Thirteenth Moneth THe Jewes reckon their Moneths according to the Revolution of the Moon so that every Moneth contains 29 daies and the third part of a day and every New-Moon is the Beginning of a moneth 2. Heretofore in Ancient times they were used to send forth two out of the Sanhedrim that is to say the Judges of Jerusalem to be Witnesses of the New Moon 's Appearance which as soon as they had discovered they presently returned and gave notice thereof to the rest of the Judges who immediatly appointed and published that day to be Caput Mensis the Head or Beginning of the Moneth and in this manner did they Order the businesse for the finding out the Times that all their Feastivals were to be kept at But now since the destruction of the Temple it is done by Computation and there is Yearly a Kalendar or Monethly Almanack made and Printed by which they may find out the Age of the Moon together with the time of its Change and the four Quarters with all the Feastival daies throughout the Yeer and all other the like things And they Now set down in their Kalendars the Feastival daies of the Christians also for the better Ordering of their businesse and Affairs wherein they have to deal with Them 3. Their Caput Mensis which sometimes is two daies together that is to say the End of One Moneth and the Begining of the Next is a Feastival Time with them as it is commanded Num. 10. ver 10. Also in the day of your gladnesse and in your solemn daies and in the Beginnings of your Moneths ye shall blow with the Trumpets over your Burnt-Offerings c. and also because there was then a New Sacrifice to be Offered as is enjoyned in the 28. Chap. ver 11. And in the beginnings of your Moneths ye shall offer a Burnt-Offering unto the Lord Two Young Bullocks and One Ram c. But yet it is Lawful on these Daies to do any manner of Work or Businesse Onely the Women use to abstain from working on these daies The Solemnitie of these Feasts is shewed chiefly in Feeding more Plentifully and being more Frolick at their Meat 4. At the time of Prayers there is notice given to all that That day is the Beginning of the Moneth and so they say certain Psalmes from the 113. unto the 118. Then do they take Out the Book of the Law and the Lesson is read by Four persons After this they adde the Musaph wherein they make mention of the Sacrifice that was wont to be offered upon that day 5. The next Sabbath Eve after the Change of the Moon or else the next Evening after the New Moon hath first appeared they all meet together and say a Laudatorie Prayer to God who hath created the Planers and that reneweth the Light of the Moon

First Moneth of the Year to you c. and so following this Order of reckoning Nisan the First they would end with Adar which would be the Twelfth and Last Moneth of the Year Yet notwithstanding it was afterwards decreed that Tisri or September should be the First moneth and the Beginning of the Year 2. The First and Second daies then of the moneth Tisri are a Feastival to them which they call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Rosch haschanah Caput Anni the Head or Beginning of the Year as it is enjoyned Livit cap. 23. ver 24. Mense septimo prima die Mensis erit Vobis Sabbatum c. Speak unto the Children of Israel saying In the Seventh Moneth in the First day of the Moneth shall ye have a Sabbath c. and all manner of Work or Businesse is prohibited in like manner as at the Passeover and the Feast of Weeks as hath been declared in the Precedent Chapters 3. And for as much as they have a kind of Ancient Tradition that God at this time especially judgeth all the Works of Men that they have done the Year passed and also disposeth of and Ordereth all that is to happen the year following as if This Day being as it were the Natalitium or Birth-day of the World He at this time Examined and considered more strictly of all the Accidents that had come to passe Therefore do they begin on the first day of Elul which is the moneth immediately going before to think of Acts of Penance and in some places they rise before day and say Prayers make Confession of their Sins and rehearse the Penitentiall Psalms And there are many among them that Indict themselves Fasts do Penance and give Alms to the Poor continuing on this Course till the Day of Pardon comes which we shall speak of in the following Chapter that is to say for the space of Forty daies And on the first day of the moneth Elul they sound a horn for the reasons which shall be hereafter specified 4. But these things are generally done by All of them at least a Week before the Feast and especially upon the Vigil or Day before the said Feast begins at which time many among them wash themselves and cause themselves to be beaten and whipt observing not to exceed the Number of Scripes set down Deuter cap. 25. ver 3. Et plagarum Modus ita dunta●at ut qua●r agenarium numerum non excedat c. Fourty stripes he may give him and not exceed c. and therefore in whipping one another they give but 39. Stripes and this they call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Malcuth Regnum The Kingdomè of severity 5. The Eve before the first day of this Feast they go to the School where saluting each other they say one to another Be thou written into a Good year and the other answereth And thou also And they use at this Feast to have alwaies upon the Table Honey Leaven and diverse other things to signifie Increasing and growth and to ominate a sweet and a happie yeer to follow and many the like Ceremonies do they use all to the same end 6. The morning of the first of these Two daies they go to the School and many of them apparel themselves all in white in token of Cleannesse and as a sign of Penitence and many also especially of the Dutch Jewes apparel themselves in the same habit now that they have provided for their Funerals and intend to be buried in and they do this in sign of the Greater Contrition When they are met together in the School they say a greater number of Prayers then ordinarily they use to do praying that the succeeding Yeer may be prosperous unto them and begging pardon of all their sins Then is the Book of the Pentateuch taken out and the Lesson for the Day is read by five persons then the Sacrifice that was wont to be performed on that day described Num. cap. 28. after this the Haphtarah out of the Prophets is read and so they say a Benediction for the Prince 7. After this they blow a horn which is to be a Goats Horn giving with it Thirty Blasts in all of which some are to be held out in length and others to be short Broken ones This they observe from that passage in Levit. cap. 23. ver 23. repeated also Num. cap. 29. ver 1. And in the seventh Moneth on the First day of the Moneth ye shall have an holy Convocation ye shall do no servil work it is a day of Blowing the Trumpets unto you And this is done They say to strike a Terrour into themselves and to put themselves in mind of the Judgment of God and to induce them to repent them of their sins After this they say the Musaph or Additionall Prayer and many other things they add which are proper to the day and the businesse in hand and then lastly they sound the Horn again in the same manner as before Then returning home each man to his house they sit down to meat and so spend the rest of the day in hearing Sermons and other Religious Exercises And all these things are in the same manner done over again the day following And upon the second day in the Evening when the Feast is now ended they say the Habdalah as in all the Other Feasts before-mentioned CHAP. VI. Of the day of Pardon of sins or Expiation called Chipur IMmediately after the Two daies of the Feast of the Beginning of the Year they fall to doing of Penance rising to Prayers before day-light and this they continue doing untill the Tenth day of the said Moneth Tisri Which Tenth day is a Fast for the obtaining Pardon of their Sins and is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Jom hachipur Dies Expiationis The Day of Expiation or Pardon of Sins as we find written Levit. cap. 23. ver 27. Decimo die mensis hujus septimi dies Expiationum erit c. Also on the Tenth day of this seventh Moneth there shall be a day of Atonement it shall be an Holy Convocation unto you and ye shall afflict your souls and offer an Offering made by fire unto the Lord c. And they are prohibited from doing any manner of Work or Businesse as upon the Sabbath and they Fast all day without Eating or Drinking any thing 2. The Vigil or Evening before this Fast they were wont heretofore to use a certain Ceremonie with a Cock swinging it about their Head and giving it up in Exchange of Themselves and this they called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Caparah or Reconciliation But this Custome is now left off both in the East and in Italy as being a thing both Superstitious and Groundlesse 3. On this day they feed very plentifully considering that they are to Fast all the next and many go into Bathes and wash themselves and they cause themselves to be whipt also undergoing the aforementioned Discipline of the