forces had also in possession To relieve this 14 Hassian troopes of Horse being now sent and having taken up their Quarters upon a woodie hill neer the towne in the night time to slip into it they were discovered and surprised by the Pappenheimers Of these were 200 said to be slaine and as many prisoners with the losse of 9 Ensignes 5 Field-peeces and all their baggage The towne was yeelded presently upon it after which Pappenheim goes to Warburg upon the river Dymel and frontiers of Paderborn 6 English miles to the North of Volckmarsen Hither now calls he those new forces which had beene levyed for him in that Bishoprick with the Counties of Lippe and Ravensperg Thence in company of the Count of Gronsfelt for whom he had laid a bridge over the Weser betwixt Hamelen and Hoxter passes he the river Weser againe with 55 Horse Cornets say some advancing directly towards the Duke of Lunenburg He goes against the Duke of Lunenburg at that time about Hildesheim About 4 or 6 English miles from this towne and asmuch from Kalenberg hee about mid June sits down with his Army to expect the next benefit of occasion The Lunenburgers suspecting that Pappenheim would shortly visite them in their Quarters they after 4 or 5 dayes drew out of the villages and entrenched upon the Southern side of Hildesheim And indeed Pappenheim was not long a comming For Lunenburg having sent the Swedish Colonel Laus Cag with 1400 men to take in Kalenberg Pappenheim displanted him This towne is seated upon the river Leine He relieves Kalenberg about an houre and halfes going to the West of Hildesheim Whilest Cag was here busie about his Approaches Pappenheim marcht and came towards him whereupon he was faine to breake up his siege make his Retreate to Hildesheim so that the towne was not taken till after Pappenheims going out of the Countrey This was done about the middle of June at which time there were daily skirmishes betweene the Armies the Lunenburgers looking every day for Pappenheim to come to beate their Quarters Now was the Army mustered and reduced some weake Colours broken and put to make others stronger divers Regiments were also put together to make one compleate Brigade of The whole Foot forces were after this drawn out in Battaglia Lunenburgs Army drawne into Battaglia where there were found 6 compleat Brigades or Battaglions These were marshald as a Herald would say 3 2 and 1 or into a Van a Reere and a Reserve In the Van or Front were 3 Battalions First the Duke of Lunenburgs owne Brigade which had the Right Wing of the three Secondly Lohausens which made the Battle And thirdly Colonell Grave or some such name a Swede who had the left Wing â—n the Reere were onely 2 Brigades The first which made the Right Wing was of the Scottish nation made up of the 3 weake Regiments of my Lord Forbesses Colonell Monro's and Colonell Robert Leslyes who commanded it In the left Wing of the Reere was the Brigade made up of the English and Scottish nations under Sir Frederick Hamilton and Sir Iohn Caswell The Reserve or Brigade behinde all was commanded by the Swedish Colonell Cag aforesaid All these together with the Horse not now drawn up might really make up some 9000 men which though they were able to march no more yet they went for 16000. His numbers This is the Arithmetick of the Warres to use Substraction from the countrey people and Multiplication of their owne numbers June the twentie eighth being Thursday the Alarme was brought into the Lunenburgers leaguer Arme Arme Pappenheim is comming That night he came indeed to the other side of Hildesheim At this time the English and Scottish Brigade had the Watch or Guard and it was verily beleeved hee would have fallen into the Trenches But this he did not for having cast up some Batteries in the hill of Moritsberg and mounted about 8 peeces close by the town he did no more then only give them 20 or 30 Canon shot without atteÌ„pting any further With al this he did not much more hurt then kill 2 hoggs in the street as the townsmen confessed Pappenheim affronting the towne of Hildesheim But they having their Ordnance ready mounted thundered so upon his pioners and those about the Ordnance that they killd him 40 or 50 people Some affirme that his men were that day in mutiny and cryed for Gelt Gelt falls off again and that this was the reason he gave no more on neither upon towne nor leaguer However he that night dismounted his Canon drew off his troopes and marched unto Kalenberg where for 5 or 6 dayes hee entrenched All that time were there daily skirmishes betwixt Commanded Partees from both Armies but this held no longer and goes to Maestricht for that Pappenheim being now envited to relieve Maestricht made hast thitherward and so utterly for the time left this Countrey rasing his workes before Kalenberg In Pappenheims absence was the Count of Gronsfelt left with some few forces about Westphalia on the other side the Weser Gronsfelt left in Westphalia who by lightning the garrisons in the Bishopricke of Paderborn and those parts came afterwards to have an Army too strong for Baudissins after that Lunenburg was parted with him But of this by and by in its order Pappenheim directed his march to the South Westward going first to Groenaw 12 English miles from Hildesheim and due East of Hamelen Hence goes he to Poll on the Westphalian side of the Weser 14 English miles South of Hamelen and here having passed the Weser he faces about to the left all along the Weser and so to the Rhine-ward Pappenheims Armie being thus marcht out of Kalenberg at whom let us turne downe a leafe till wee againe meet them the Swedish had present notice of it and some of their Horse fell into it so soone as ever the Pappenheimers were out of it Yea before Pappenheim himselfe was who being something amorous and staying in the towne after his Army upon such an occasion might there have been taken prisoner by the Swedish had they either knowne him or of him The Duke of Lunenburg purposing to remove gives order to dismantle Steurwold Castle whereupon July the twelfth he rises from about Hildesheim and leaving his 2 Regiments in the towne The Duke of Lunenburg beseiges Duderstat he marches with the rest of the Army towards Duderstat This towne is in the very Southern corner of the land of Brunswick in the little Countrey of Eischfelt about 50 English miles from Hildesheim Pappenheim had left these troopes for the defence of it Of Breuners Regiment 350 of Reinachers 300 of Furstenbergs 250 besides 200 new levyed men and 400 Horsemen Before this towne was much good service done on both sides the Lunenburgers laboured upon their Approaches and the Besieged upon their sallyes where many a brave man was killed Among the rest was Francis Beton
the motions of the enemy should come away And this was the order of the Retreat The Reere marcht off first of all and whilest they turne faces about to goe homewards the Van and Battell stood their ground as ready to receive the enemy The order of the Retreat When the Reere was comne to their place of Stand they there made Halt facing about againe to the enemy Whilest they stood the Battell marched observing in all points the order and discipline of the Reere When they make a Stand the Van advances the Wing of Horse afore spoken of at the same time moving and flancking them Three hundred Muskettiers with some Cornets of Horse were left behind to manne the Reere and to make good the Retreat in case the enemy which he did not should have falne out upon them And in this goodly order and equipage which was a very beautifull sight to behold was the Retreat made all done in Battaglia as if they had even then advanced into the Field to have charged the enemy Soone was the Army in their new Quarters which were not farre from the foresaid mountaine For now was the King resolued to entrench himselfe close unto the enemy choosing the place for his new Leaguer The King encampeth hard by the Imperialists neere unto Furt iust without the Forest yea so neere unto Walensteins trenches that some one of his greater Peeces would haue rang'd her bullet even to the very Quarter Early the next morning August 26. was the new Campe begunne to be fortified that is upon the open side of it the backe-part being sufficiently assured by the woods And now might the Generalissimo if he pleased have done as much for the King as he had attempted upon his trenches These had beene his advantages His Leaguer was already fortified but the Kings Works not perfected for some dayes after He out his higher ground might overlooke the Kings Quarters and see every motion in it The Kings Campe was in a faire Campagnia and therefore accessible nor was there any thing in the way to have hindered the Imperialists from falling into the Swedish Leaguer Two or three dayes after the end of the great rencounter were the prisoners and dead on both sides ransomed and exchanged Monsieur de la Grange the French Ambassadour was sent from the King into the enemies Leaguer who returned with many prisoners telling his Majesty of many things likewise unto the hearing whereof but few were admitted Major-Generall Sparre was not onely set at libertie by the King but employed also by him unto Walenstein with the prisoners He made likewise some generall overtures of a peace in which he had desired of the King that he might use his owne liberty In lieu of Major Sparre was Colonel Leonard Tortenson Generall of the Kings Artillery freely set at liberty by the Generalissimo and that with a great complement to the King as we haue before told you As for Colonell Erich-Hand a Swede he was to stay in the Imperiall Leaguer till his wounds were cured In the Bill of the prisoners that was sent from the Imperialists unto the King were there many names read whose persons were no where to be found among the Captives The Prisoners by which they were giuen for dead In this former Action were these men of account slaine on the Kings side The Count of Erpach who died of his wounds dead Generall-Major Boetius a brave man and Lieftenant Colonell Scepter Of Duke Williams men slaine Lieftenant-Colonel Mackin Vnder the Landtgrave of Hessen slaine Rit-master Maurice of Malsburg with Rit-master Craisham brother to the Marshall of his Maiesties Army Of the English and Scottish divers whose names I have not and wounded on the Kings side Divers other Captaines Lieftenants Ensignes and other inferior Officers there lost their lives with 7. or 800. common souldiers none of whose bodies fell into the hands of the enemies There was found sticking in the body of one of his Maiesties Guards a bullet of three pound weight Wounded on the Kings side the Counts of Eberstein Cassel and Thurne with Erich-Hand Rotstein and Bourt all Colonels together with divers other Captaines Rit-masters and other Officers Of common souldiers were there some 1500. which were brought into the Hospitals of Norimberg On the Imperiall side lost 3. Ensignes Slaine the Lord Iames Fugger Colonell of 1000. Curiassiers or Men at Armes This Lord being deadly wounded and brought prisoner into Norimberg there expired He being demanded what he knew of Walensteins intentions answered as some report it that he meant to keepe himselfe in the guard hee then lay at and to wage battell no otherwise then in that posture But some other report this way of his last words That calling for drinke he should say t' is no time to dissemble now Walenstein will assault you Which said he dranke and dyed Said to be slaine besides Colonel Aldobrandino Colonell Dom Maria de Caraffa with 5. Colonels more though some Gentlemen of our Nation passing next day thorow the Campe affirmed that they spake with some of them These things must be knowne from the prisoners who being about 60. in number perchance knew not all the Imperialists having wit enough to conceale their owne losses Those of the Swedish side reported it from the prisoners that there should have beene slaine about 1000. Walsteiners which upon such disadvantages in the fight I thinke not to be likely The Corps of the dead Lord Fugger being sent into the Imperiall Leaguer the souldiers that carried him had 25 Dollars given them My Dutch Officer reports me a pretty story of a complement or an allegeance rather betwixt an humble bullet and the K. namely how that a piece of the sole of his Maiesties boote neere unto the great toe of his right foot was carryed away with a Shot This bullet knew his duty for a King should be toucht no higher all are to stoope thither Both he and the Swedish Lords Letter agree that the Imperiall Generalissimo had his Horse that day shot dead under him whereas others then in the action bid me be confident That Walenstein all that day stirred not so far out of his Pavilion Sure it is that Duke Bernard of Saxon-Weymar had a horse slaine under him and that his behaviour all that fight was beyond all expectation valiant Walenstein t is written having false notice brought him in the heate of the fight that the old Castle was taken answered with an oath That he would not beleeue that there was a God in Heauen if that Castle could possibly be taken from him This the prisoners reported And thus have I finished this most memorable conflict Turne we to other actions of lesse moment done neere the Leaguer The King not able either to dislodge Walenstein nor to bring him into Campagnia The King labouring to cut off Walsteins victualls cast about in the next place how to put another Brave upon him the same too
to an enemie to be revenged of the affront-offerers Walenstein hereupon presenting his grosse before the Towne found not the same opposition here which those of Culmbach had before made him The towne being thereupon entred thorowly enough paid downe for the ransome of its owne cowardise and affoorded pay enough unto the souldiers considering their small paines in taking of it Here were many a rich Packe and Bale of merchandise made prize of which having beene sent towards Leipsich Mart by the Merchants of Ausburg He takes the townes of Coburg Norimberg and other places were iust comne into this towne to be sent onwards a night or 2. before that Walenstein came afore it The Dukes Palace within the Towne fell also to the souldiers ransacking which the Duke in the feare of an old man having with too much haste forsaken had there also left his houshold-stuffe with a great part of his treasure And this was done in the very beginning of our October The towne being thus mastered and laying siege to the Castle the Castle is next summoned into which a little before Walensteins comming Dubadell having gotten from out of Schweinfurt he now had the command of it This strong Castle stands upon a Rocke without the towne but yet so neere that it lookes downe into it The noise of the Summons is answered by the thunder of the Cannon which being lowder then the sound of the Trumpet would not let the offered conditions to be hearkned unto Walensteins Ordnance therefore are set to reply upon Dubatells Cannon the Generalissimo having a great desire to take Dubatell the second time and Dubatell being as desirous to let the Generalissimo understand that it was a disadvantage which he had before taken him upon Walenstein with much adoe having shot a breach two some say in the lower part of the Castle wall he about the 3. of October prepares all things to give a generall assault upon it Five hundred souldiers thereupon being commanded into the dry Graff or Moate of the Castle clap to their scaling ladders to storme it A great Ravelin there was which defended the Sally-port of the Castle and that whilest they attacked their fellowes from the townes side with continued vollyes of small and great shot entertained the besieged Dubatell perceiving the intended Scaladoe issues with his Dragooners immediately out of the Castle going downe the hill towards the skalers Having with good diligence also brought downe some new peeces of Ordnance unto a side-Worke which flanckered the Ravelin he so skowers both it and the Moate at the same time that a many of the assailants now already halfe way mounted came fluttering downe headlong into the Moate and their skaling ladders after them is repulsed by Dubatell The Imperiall Colonell that had the point in the assault and ledd them on was there shot thorow the head and dyed in a ditch among his fellowes A young Lord or Cavalier of Walensteins name and kinne I find to have beene here slaine also Some make him to be knockt downe by the Boores of Voitland a little after this but I rather consent to this writing which giues him to be kild here for that I reade his body to be with much solemnity carried from the Campe thorow Zroicka in Voitland to be enterred in his owne Lordship in Bohemia something before that Walenstein was gotten into Voitland But this is no great controversie Our Generalissimo perceiving the Castle to be strong high situated and raiseth his owne siege well provided and the besieged resolved for defence he gave no more on upon it after this one repulse had beene given him But this was not all the reason for the raising of his siege Duke Bernard Weymar was by this time come from Schweinfurt to Konigshoven 17. miles due West of Coburg and was thence marcht to Hilperhausen upon the edge of the Duringer-Waldt within 13. English miles to the North-West of this Coburg And he as Walenstein might suspect though not strong enough to encounter him in the open field yet was hee able enough to disturbe him at a siege And this siege above all the rest for that Duke Bernard is to be heire unto this Towne and Dukedome of Coburg after the decease of * One of these is dead since he namely that was then in possession when his towne was besieged two of his old childlesse Vnckles Now had our Generalissimo a purpose to have advanced further to the Northward and to have pierced thorow by the way of the Duringer-Waldt into Duringen where Pappenheim was to haue ioyned with him But this designe was now defeated by Duke Bernards putting himselfe iust before him By Duke Bernards good service which was a very great piece of service By this meanes was the Castle of Coburg reskeued and the whole little Country of Henneberg in which it is seated Had Walenstein gone forward with his proiect then had Hilperhausen Schleusing Aischfelt Ilmenaw and Arnstat beene taken by him Then had all the Passes thorow the Duringer-Waldt beene blockt up by his people which the King of Sweden must by mayne force haue againe opened before euer he could have comne up to Walenstein Then in the meane time would he and Pappenheim have recovered Erfurt with the townes about it made himselfe master of the whole Landgraviate of Duringen have over-runne the lands of the Ducall and sometimes Electorall Family of Saxon-Weymar Then had he thorow that rich Country beaten out his way into the Elector of Saxonyes Misnia have wintered and enriched his Army in those Countries and beene ready with the first of the next Spring is Walensteins great proiect defeated to have fallen into Lusatia and Silesia Then would he have made himselfe master of the river Elb and so have cut off the King of Swedens retreate home againe Then would Walenstein haue cleered his titulary Dukedome of Mecklenburg and hewen out himselfe a free passage to his old Quarters in Brandenburg and Pomerania and againe possessed himselfe of the banks of the Baltick Ocean And thus handsomely had our Generalissimo contrived it the effecting of which project was worth the abandoning all the lower Saxony by the calling away of Pappenheim out of it and in the highest degree concerned the King of Sweden to make such hast out of Bavaria to prevent it All the former part of this project was now defeated by Duke Bernard the taking namely of the Landtgraviate of Duringen with the Dukedome of Weymar as likewise the conioyning of Pappenheim with his Generalissimo which hee durst not after attempt to doe till he knew that Walenstein was falne by another way into Misnia And thus was the Imperiall Generall enforced not to raise his siege onely from before the Castle of Coburg but to quit likewise his intended march thorow the rich and of late un-plundered Countrey of Thuringia Turning faces about therefore to the right his souldiers burning downe Helberck Neustat and other
not to be the King of Sweden for notwithstanding that himselfe told them he was the King yet divers for all that suspected him rather to be some great man that said so to save his owne life as desirous rather to be taken prisoner Severall reports there went abroad the Army of the circumstances of his manner of dying Some relate it thus that one Truckses who waited upon the King in his chamber being himselfe falne downe wounded besides the King and after brought off alive was demanded by an Officer of the enemies Who the King was and that asking the same question of the King he should answere That he was the King of Sweden whereupon he thrust him thorow the body with a broad sword and then ranne away for that the Swedes now charged Not much varying from this is the Letter of Nicephorus Kesel Preacher vnto Duke Bernard who names one Loebelfinger a young Gentleman in stead of Truckses This Loebelfinger is sonne to Colonell Loebelfinger of Norimberg who was now servant indeed unto the Lord Marshall Crailsham and so very likely to be neere the Kings Person Adding that some Horsemen of the enemies a-lighting to strip the dead bodies askt the King who he was who answered I am the King of Sweden who doe seale the Religion and Libertie of the Germane Nation with my blood After which subjoyning Alas my poore Queene and commending his soule to God they then kill'd this dying Conquerour For one of the Imperialists at this time shot him thorow the head into the right temple the bullet passing againe out at the left another thrust his sword into his body and right side and he or a third gave him a chop withall in the legge and so left him naked with fiue wounds upon him The dying King wounded and mangled the Swedes by that time comming on to charge againe This was reported by the young Gentleman saith the Preacher who hauing there receiued three wounds was laid among the dead as one of them but being afterwards brought off aliue hee then reported thus of it But were it Truckses or were it Loebelfinger hee is said to have dyed of his wounds so soone as ever he was fetcht off so that he had no time nor strength to tell more of it That there is a difference in the names is an easie mistake especially so suddenly after that huddle Truckses might report it from Loebelfinger Different reports reconciled or Loebelfinger from Truckses However I have divers Writings that runne upon the same thing and therefore surely there was at that time such a beliefe amongst a many in the Army This probabilitie is very much strengthened by the Imperiall souldiers owne report of it made at Prague to those Gentlemen of our nation then prisoners there How namely that the King being first wounded and in his retreat pursued by them would as they offered to shoot and strike at him call out and say That hee was the King of Sweden My Spanish Relation addes this to it In the beginning of the encounter one Innocentius Bucela Comrade to Colonel Piccolomini knew the King as he lay wounded and dying upon the ground whereof giving Piccolomini notice The Imperialists goe to see the dying King he with ten more went to see the Body which was yet quivering and whilest they were about to bring it away a troope of the enemies charging forced them to retire and leave it The noise of his death was presently dispersed abroad but yet beleefe was not fully given to it for that some prisoners affirmed that he was but hurt and carryed in a close Coach following his white Ensigne Thus farre my Spaniard All this might be true The Swedish prisoners that reported him to be but wounded were those that were taken so soone as ever he offered to retreat and before he was shot the second time But that they said he was carryed off in his Coach c. was their Iudgement that being wounded it was likely he would goe off in his Coach which at first stood behind the White Regiment What now if putting all these together we should suppose Piccolomini himselfe and his Company A conjecture to be the men that thus questioned and wounded the dying King of Sweden Was it for meerely charging with his Regiment when the King of Sweden was first shot that Walenstein afterwards bestowed as much Lands in Bohemia upon him as he was offered 400000 Dollars for which amounts to 100000 pound Sterling But this I make but a suspition no accusation nor have I heard it from Prague that Piccolomini should thus use him Past conjecture it is that he who could not be conquered was there slaine and for the principall manner in this very fashion in the possibility and circumstances whereof I for mine owne part doe rest satisfied His death was knowne but to some few of the great ones no not to those of his owne Army or Wing The Kings death concealed from his owne Army for 24 houres after all beleeving what was either by Art or Error given out how that hee was but carryed off wounded Hence it is that the Letters written the very same night speake so doubtfully of his death or so hopefully of his life and that those few words which He is reported to have spoken when he lay on the ground a dying were after mistaken to be uttered at Weissenfels in that 6 houres or 36 houres which hee was said to have lived The Royall Corps was after a quarter of an houre recovered by Colonell Stolhanshe and in an Ammunition wagon out of which the powder was purposely shifted was it privately carryed out of the Field unto Weissenfels for that his Coach was runne away among others The Body recovered in the fright which the Crabats lately put the wagons to And this long insertion concerning the manner of the Kings death I confesse to be rather seasonable then methodicall The Authors excuse an Historian I know would rather have referred all this unto the latter end of the Combate But for that I have still observed how curiously inquisitive men have beene after the manner of the Kings death I supposed that an indeavour to give content in that kinde would be no unseasonable didistraction though the very heate and fiercest of the encounter in other parts be a while deferred to those that so much longed for it yea more then for any other part of the Story Returne we now into the Battell and to the Right Wing againe The mist that we before told you of was not by their owne side judged to be any way prejudiciall but advantageous rather unto the Swedish seeing that the Imperialists who had now the better of it were by the falling of this Mist so arrested as that they pursued not the Retreat which they had put the Swedish unto The rumour likewise of the Kings death made them so to clutter about the Body that that also stayed
〈◊〉 Elders and Counsellors When there was a Romane Dictator an absolute soveraigne and Military Emperour or more then he appointed this Ambassador Then also he commanded him and so did the Consul too when he was abroad as Generall of the Army Dolobella me sibi Legavit saies Cicero Consull Generall Dolobella hath appointed me his Ambassador Their place was above the Tribunes They were chosen out of the Senators and when there was no Dictator upon the Army then had they a solemne election by the whole Senate Legati ex SenatoruÌ„ ordine and ex Senatoria authoritate legarentur sayes Cicero Chosen out of the Senate and by it Legati publicè lecti quorum operâ consilioque uterentur peregrè Magistratus They were chosen publikely and the Magistrates sent abroad into the Provinces were to use their counsell and assistance Cicero in Vatin calls them Nuncios pacis belli Curatores Interpretes bellici consilij Auctores Ministros muneris Provincialis Heralds and Denouncers of peace and warre Curators and Interpreters Authors of military directions Administrators of the affaires in the Provinces In this they differed from the Imperator or Great Generall Aliae sunt Legati partes aliae Imperatoris Alter omnia agere ad praescriptum alter liberè ad summam rerum consulere debâ—t sayes Caesar The Generall is to execute according to the words of his Commission but the Ambassador may extraordinarily give his advice upon the highest point of the businesse In the Generalls absence from the Army the Ambassador kept the state he had his Lictors and his Secures his Sergeants with the Axe and Rods to goe before him Verres in Achaiam sumptu publico legationis nomine eum imperio securibus missus est saies Cicero Verres was sent into Achaia upon the charges of the Common-wealth and the title of an Ambassador with command and state There were 2. degrees of these Ambassadors among the Romanes Consulares and Praetorij The first sort was for the whole Army the other were but Duces Colonels to their Brigades Regiments or Divisions Augustus Caesar did all abroad in the Provinces by the first whom Tacitus cals Consulares And of this dignity as neere as ancient orders may be compared to new imitations is the Lord Axel Oxenstiern Baron of Kimith Lord of Fiholmen and Tydoen Praesident of Lapland and of the North Marches Knight c. Councellor and Chancellor of the Kingdome of Sweden and Ambassador Generall unto the Armies in Germany And here must I conclude my Story my unpolisht and unworthy Story of the most incomparable valiant and good Prince that ever yet honored any age or Story The ProtestaÌ„t and well affected party me thinks may well be compared unto the 2. Bookes of the Prophet Ieremy Experience is a kind of Prophet People therefore certaine in experience of what he had done were so strong in hopes of what he would doe that they even seem'd to prophesie But now alas when their hopes are fail'd they conclude with Ieremies Lamentations Iosiah is dead and well they may lament him How likely had God spar'd him life he was to have fulfilled all mens hopes and how deservedly he is now to be lamented See here good Readers by this following course Character of him The Character Of the High and Mighty Prince and most victorious Conqueror Gustavus Adolphus King of Sweden c. Wherein the best of those conceits in Le Soldat Suedois are not neglected THat this Prince was a Descendant by the Male-line not from a Kingly Stemme onely but from a Family of Deliverers and that his Nobility by the * By his great Grandmother descended of the ancient Gottori and Fuâ—cones Dukes Kings of Sweden His Fatherâ— line being from Trolle and the Trollioes Knights and Councellors of Sweden of 400. yeers standing A Knight of a Knights family there is equall in esteeme with them as amongst us those are of the Garter Females is of a more ancient extraction then the vulgar Heraldry hath yet taught us are the advantages of his Birth the additions to his Inheritance and the commendations of his Fortune Nor could lesse be expected to the propagating of such a Prince then a Crowned Merit and Nobility in his Ancestors And that not of the first head onely least it should have beene mistaken for a chance of Natures and not an Industry but to produce the Conqueror of Germany there was the preparation of many Ages required Like as in the delicatest Fruite-trees t is not enough that the Cyon be of a noble Stocke but that it be bettered by many Engraftings and Removings Ancient descending and continued Merite and Nobility derived from the loynes of many Ancestors nothing lesse could have begotten such a King of Sweden Sweden glories in his Birth He was borne in December 1594. that 's Her honour but his Pedigree and Alliances are from Germany The more kindly and naturall therefore was his ambition to deliver it and the lesse exception lay there to his being a Stranger To be a signe of whence he was descended were his 2. names given him Gustavus hath beene the ancient Christian name of divers of the Kings of Sweden though none of them till his carrying it put the world into the conceit that it was the Anagramme of Augustus Adolphus hath beene the bearing of the Houses of Holstein and of Mecklenburg from both which he lineally was extracted So was He borne and thus Christned His youth was bred up with royall exercises such as might season him with Vertue and Religion and prepare him for grand businesses His body though brought up Princely yet not Cocknied up tenderly nor with too much soft and warme and gaye and sweete effeminated The Poets faine that Mars was borne in this Country who had never prov'd the God of Warre had not his body beene enured to the Frost and Ice and Rocks and hardship of this Northerne Clymate His spirit was by the tutorage of the best learning and examples elevated to esteeme no good designe too high for him fortified with a courage that knew not how to stoope beneath a King and like his sword afterwards tempered with so irresisteable and steely an edge as should cut thorow all dangers and necessities At home he learned Latin in Italy Mathematicks othere where abroad the French Italian and Germane languages all which as he learned very readily so he spake as promptly and elegantly Travaile refin'd and furnisht him yea he privately travailed Germany under the concealed name of Mr. * This assumed appellation was made up of the 4. first letters of his Title Gustavus Adolphus Rex Suecia GARS even after he was King of Sweden At 16. yeeres old he was not onely a souldier but a Colonell and though the youngest yet perchance not the unskilfullest of his Fathers Army Next yeere which was Anno 1611. King Charles his Father dyed when himselfe then but a Minor of 17. yeeres of age was called to
Elb 2 he blew up with gunpowder and left above 40 upon the walls Three hundred Quintalls of gunpowder each Quintall being 100 pound weight he left behinde him which had it not beene concealed from him hee would surely have put fire unto or have carryed away with him A world of Match was there left and of corne pease and oates great plenty And all this was found in it when as upon the Munday after Pappenheims going my Lord Marquesse entered it The Generall Baniers Army My Lord Marquesse enters Magdenburg staid about Kalbe till Duke William of Saxon-Weymar came into those parts to joyne with him to pursue Pappenheim and my Lord Marquesses men till towards the end of the moneth that they went towards Halberstate He and Banier part companies Their way lay Westward by Egelen 16 miles thence to Gruningen 12 miles whence 6 miles further unto Halberstat where they staid above a quarter of a yeare for the guard of the towne and countrey He going to To the King of Sweden till such time as they were taken on by Duke William as in the Kings Storie wee have told you From Halherstat upon the first of February went the Lord Marquesse towards the King of Sweden with whom the eleventh of the same moneth he arrived His Lordship as I have heard Sir Iacob Ashley tell who in that journey waited upon him was very graciously entertained by the King a concluding argument that what his Lordship had undertaken was very well accepted The King of Sweden besides his freedome of language wherein he used not to bee sparing against whatsoever had displeased him had a Spirit withall so highly mounted above all dissembling that it scorned to speake or to looke booty The Count of Pappenheim being arrived at Wolfenbuttle about the eleventh or twelfe of January Pappenheim goes from Wolfenbuttle hee leaves the luggage brought out of Magdenburg in this strong Citie and 1â—00 or 2000 men with the Lord of Glein to defend it This towne was sometimes the Court and Residence of the Dukes of Brunswick untill Tilly of late yeares had taken it from the King of Denmarke and thrust Duke Vlricke thence by the unrulynesse of an Imperiall garrison For the Duke perceiving he had no command over his subjects by reason of the garrison so soone as ever he had consented to the Diet of Leipsich he pretending to goe a hunting went to reside in Brunswick towne and never since that time returned into Wolfenbuttle About the middle of the moneth the Count of Pappenheim sets forward into the countrey of Lunenburg whose eldest Duke Christian of Zella-Lunenburg is now heir apparent unto the childlesse Vlrick of Brunswick before-named Before his going he sends to the Imperiall towne of Brunswick 7 English miles downe the same river of Onacre with Wolfenbuttle to the Northward His demand was to be by that Citie furnished with a Viaticum or proportion of provisions for his journey This being a very strong towne which the Dukes of Brunswick though often they have attempted it could never make themselves Masters of had the courage to deny him this motion Now marches he up into Lunenburg and of that Duke he demands contribution towards Lunenburg and that his strong towne of Zel upon the river Alre should take in a garrison from him There be 5 Brothers of these Dukes of Lunenburg as I heare and all unmarryed except Duke George The eldest I have before named The second Brother is Duke George the man now comming upon the stage of warre for which purpose he was at this instant at Hamborow about his Bills of Exchange and getting up of monyes To Duke Christian was Pappenheim said to write his letters to this purpose That he should send Commissioners to him Writes to Lunenburg to agree upon his contributions labour to hinder the levies of his brother George and if he could not that way prevaile with him hee should either arrest his bodie and keepe it safely in Zell or else send that and the men he had begunne to levie into his Army Some speake of Pappenheims threatning to besiege Zell but this the Duke perchance would not be much afraid of his town being very neere as strong as Wolfenbuttle To be briefe the Duke excusing himselfe and compouÌ„ds with him that he had no power over his brother agreed with Pappenheim to give him 40000 Dollars monethly contribution This was the Dukes cheapest course for hee well knew that Pappenheim could never stay to take up the first paiment of it Duke William of Saxon-Weymar the Landgrave of Hessen and the Generall Banier the Duke understood to bee all at this instant comming against Pappenheim so that he knew he could never be able to stay in his countrey But for this Pappenheim had the best of Lunenburg for that he had alreadie nestled himselfe in the Freyheit or Freedome the strongest part of the Dukes countrey His way to it from Wolfenbuttle was to Steinbruck on the river Fuse 18 English miles from Wolfenbuttle Thence passing by Hanover 30 miles further he settles himselfe at Betterlo in the Freyheit 10 English miles from the river Weser A place it is to the North of Hanover having a pretty strong castle by it both round encompassed with 2 woods the 2 rivers Aller and Leine divers ditches and Morasses Avoyding out of the countrey so that there is but hard comming at it But here could he not stay above 5 or 6 dayes for that hearing by this time of the Generall Todts taking of Wismar and his comming or about to come over the Elb to the defence of the Bishop of Bremen and Dukes of Lunenburg as also of Duke Williams Hessens and Baniers approaching on the other side upon him he fearing to be driven up into the middle betwixt them makes with all speed towards the strong towne of Hamelen upon the Weser he passes beyond the Weser He had a good minde it appeared to have lived with his Armie till the Spring in the Lunenburgers countrey but fore-dooming by the preparations that these winter-moneths might prove hotter to him then the Dog-dayes that was the reason that he by Hamelen passed over the Weser to Quarter himselfe in a quieter countrey And t was time for him to get Hamelen upon his back upon which his enemies would else have beene We told you before of the comming of 300 Imperialists under 7 Ensignes out of Damitz these at this instant comming out of Helmstat where at his going to Magdenburg wee told you he had left them towards Hamelen to joyne with Pappenheim 300 Imperialists defeated were mett withall by a Partee of 150 Horse of Generall Baniers and cut all in peeces or made turne to the Swedish party The reason that facilitated this defeate was for that they thought themselves so farre from enemies and so secure in that neerenesse to Pappenheim that they marcht without burning matches This towne of Hamelen is
three Scottish Regiments Thence on Sunday to Hagenow whence to Boitzenberg on the Elb and so crost the Elb at Lawenburg whence they went to be enquartered with the Army in Bardewick a very fine towne and sometimes a rich one before spoken of To this towne came some of the Lunenburgers forces About the time of that Sir Thomas Conwayet 5 Ensignes came to Warnemund Sir Frederick Hamiltons and the Lord Forbesses Regiments ioyne with the Armye did 5 of Sir Frederick Hamiltons Colours land also They were Scottish and Irish people amongst which was 1 Sir Fredericks owne Company 2. Coninghams Leiftenant-Colonell 3. Troopes Sergeant-Major 4 Gibsons and 5 Flemmings Captaines The other 4 Ensignes that belonged to this Regiment were landed other where and came not till summer into the Armie The Lord Forbesse had also his Scottish Regiment there himselfe being taken prisoner comming betwixt Luckstadt and Hamborow and carryed into Wolfenbuttel where he yet is Neither English nor Scottish Regiments had any fixt Armes as yet which in plaine English phrase is They were not yet fully Armed However half armed or unarmed as they were Sergeant-Maior Groves with his English the 2 Scottish Regiments were after some 16 or 20 dayes lying about Bardewick commanded towards Boxtehude The towne is belonging to the Archbishop of Bremen and lyes upon the small river Essa within 4 English miles of the borders of Lunenburg the Elb it selfe being within 8 miles to the North and Hamborow almost as neere it to the Eastward T is a stronger towne then Stoade and there was a good garrison now in it Boxtehude beseiged a place besides it is of very good consequence for that it is the Passe into that which they call the Old land in which Stoade standeth The Generall Todt with the rest of the Army lay now at Hornburg a pretty Fleck or market town some seaven English miles to the Northwest of Boxtehude that was now beleagred At this Hornburg was the Hoff-Quarter or Heade Quarter for that this is also another Passe into the Old land aforesaid by which Stoade was on that side also streightned especially by those of our nation The English and Scottish lay some 10 dayes at first an English mile off from Boxtehude with unfixt Armes for a great part and without powder or bullets After this they were sent to lye at a place called the Old Cloyster which is within a quarter of a mile of the towne to the Southward Some few Dutch companyes there were enquartered upon the Old lands side betwixt the towne and the Elb but they were the English and Scottish that had the most to doe in the beleagring In the time of this seige upon Doctor Salviue advertisements before given to the King Todt is sent for away by the King and Sir Alexander Lesly comes to the Armye of the Generall Todts misbehaviour in the Army had his Majesty sent away for him and Sir Alexander Lesly was commanded from the Lord Marquesse Hamiltons Army by the King of Swedens Commission to come and take charge of Todts Army with the Style of Sergeant Mayor Generall Sir Alexander being now comne to the Old Cloyster aforenamed and going about to take view of the Boxtehude within 3 or 4 dayes after his first comming was short from the towne into the instep of the left foot He being thus disabled for the commanding of the Armie and carryed off unto Hamborow Todt for the time was to doe all againe who being shot Lohausen a Colonell with one legge being then made Sergeant Major Generall And this order continued till that Wolff Hendrick Baudissin native of Lusatia and commonly called Bauditz was sent downe to be Leiftenant Generall Baudissin is sent to take charge of the Army and Tott now going away Duke George of Lunenburg became General of the Armie But Boxtehude was first taken and Pappenheim gone againe ere Baudissin came to the Army To returne to the siege There were 3 severall Batteries by this time gotten up against the towne whereof 2 upon the Old cloyster side and a third upon the other from all which the Swedish Canon plaid every day into the Citie Nor were the besieged altogether idle Having advertisement by the Boores that the English and Scottish Regiments were not halfe armed and but raw soldiers 200 of the towne Horsemen one night sallyed out upon their Quarters They fell out with a very great clamor and noise making and were comne within 20 paces of their very Guards Those of our nation that had Armes stood their ground A Sally repulsed and 2 troops of Horse were quickly at hand to second them T is said that some of the Irish ventured upon the salliers horsemen with their skeynes or swords onely and did some peece of execution upon them However the leader of the sallyers was there shot dead and fell his men forced to retire being after some skirmishing beaten into the very Ports of their Citie Another night they fell out of the towne againe and set fire upon the Scottish Guardes and had they adventured but a little further they had put the Quarters into a terrible confusion But even now they were perswaded in againe The siege went on in the meane time and the Canon from all 3 Batteries did their duties faggots and storming ladders were also made shew of nor yet would these offers fright out the besieged Full 3 weekes there was misery enough endured by those of our nation without the towne about the end of which time upon the fourth of March the besieged as it were for pitty of our Countrymen yeelded Boxtehude yeilded and marcht upon good conditions into Stoade Boxtehude being thus taken our English having done the chiefe of their service there were offered to garrison the towne which they gladly enough accepting of the 5 Colours were put into it Here lay they 3 weekes Sergeant-Major Grove being Governor The Generall Todt having a purpose to put in a Swede a servant of his to be Governor over Groves head The English being put into the towne were by Todt commanded out againe he being a high spirited Gentleman that could not endure to be rewarded with such an affront for all his services the English colours were commanded out and a Swedish Leiftenant-Colonell not Todts man put in to be Governour with 5 Ensignes Thence were the English sent to block up Stoade about which the rest of the Army were quartered up and downe in Dorps the snow not then suffering them to lye in open Quarters But this served the turne well enough Todts purpose being Stoade blockt up but to block it up at a distance victualls were so scarce with him that he should not otherwise have beene able to have kept the Army together in one leaguer This towne is seated upon a small riveret called the Zwing about 2 English miles from the Elb a skonce being betwixt it and the Citie The land on
the twentie fourth was the Passe and Skonce of Steinau againe recovered from the Imperialists The day before this was Kalckstein sent out with 10 Companies unto Neiumarckt a pretty towne betwixt Steinau and Breslaw They take Nieumarckt and 15 English miles from this latter Kalckstein sending for the Magistrate demands entrance and he desiring respite Kalckstein shewed him 4 peeces of Ordnance That bunch of keyes opens all the gates and let in 5 Companies to lie there in garrison and Kant With the other 5 went Kalckstein unto Kant 8 English miles due South of of Breslaw which durst not but seeme freely to admit of 3 other Companies Thus was Breslaw blocked up both upon the North East and South quarter of it By Sunday noone August the twenty sixth had the Imperiall Army gotten up to Breslaw before the Oder gate where they were marshalled These reported how shamefully they had beene beaten out of the Skonce with the losse of some hundreds as also of 6 peeces of Ordnance and Schaffgotzi's silver wagon to the value of 2 tunne of gold in it Towards evening the Army was commanded to the long Bridge over which they marched and upon a faire Triangular peece of ground betwixt the wood the water the morasses they encamped A place of mighty advantage which had but one Avenue to it And pursue the fleeing Imperialists unto Breslaw by which it might be assaulted Here they gave out themselves to those of Breslaw to be 14000 but 10000 or 11000 is a faire allowance The next day came the Swedish and Saxish Vantguard unto Lissau a town Castle within English miles of Breslaw Thence advanced they towards Breslaw in pursuit of the Imperialists Being comne within halfe an houres march a Squadron of Crabats encountred them who were presently put to the retreate Presently after 300 of them turned backe againe by which time 2 troopes of Swedish were comne into the Sweinitz meddow called the Faire bird within musket shot of Breslaw Now the Crabats called to the citizens on the walls to assist them by shooting at the Swedish which they refused Hereupon 300 Crabats fell upon the 150 Swedish whom they put to the retreate These being reenforced came on again but the Crabats keeping close to the Sweinitz port Some skirmishes being made by their vantcurriers the Swedish durst come no neerer for feare the towne should have given fire upon them for which indeed there was order given Now the Swedish looking to get betweene the Crabats and their camp they discovering it made hast thitherward They gone there was a very faire Coach espyed by the Swedish which offered to come into the Citie and this they fell upon and tooke There was one Leiftenant Colonell Kurtzsh in it and 20000 Dollars The towne shot at them at which they shaking their heads ranne away with the Bootie not so much as offering to returne a bullet againe About 6 at night the whole Swedish and Saxonian Army appeared with their great Artillery onely and no baggage Being comne within half an houres march of the Imperiall Leaguer they ranged themselves into Battaglia advancing with their Canon playing before them Six faire Regiments had order to attack the Imperialists in their Leaguer the whole Army followes and beates the Imperialists over the Oder which they with bravery enough maintayned for an houre and halfe being then constrained to forsake that most advantagious situation to set fire upon their quarters and in hast to retyre themselves baggage and ordnance over the long Oder bridge which in 3 places they put fire unto This had they not done they had been all undone and all this saith mine Author I my selfe saw with mine owne eyes from the toppe of St Elizabeths steeple By 2 a clock on the Tuesday morning August 28 they fell too 't againe the Swedish putting hard for it to get over the river which the other with all violence forbad them About 10 a clock Prince Henry Wentzel of Bernstad the Baron Donaw and 2 other privie Counsellors of the town that were Militarie Commissaries to the Emperor went up to the walls to take view of the skirmish Baron Donaw in my hearing sayes my Author thus beganne to the other 3 I pray let us trie the cast of this peece of ordnance A device of Baron Donaw's to make the Swedish fall foule with Breslaw and let us see how farre shee will range her bullet but the Counsell would not consent to it Hee seeing none that contradicted sent for an old Gunner Imperially affected in the towne and bids him to traverse the peece upon the Swedish and give fire which being done himselfe having helpt the Gunner he laughed heartily rewarding the fellow with a Ducate and a thanke saying This is the first in Gods name This said he goes to his Coach and so to the Counsell Chamber The townsmen understanding of this shot all in furie runne to their citie Colonell the Lord of Sawish complaine to him of the Baron Donaw and all to raile at him The Colonell shutting his doores at them they made Alarme upon it in great multitudes flocking to the Captaines of their severall Wards first and then to the Statehouse There called they for the Baron the new Gunner their * This Baron being a Protestant first and then an Apostata was sent by the Emperor to Breslaw to be his Commissary for the deforming reforming I should have said of the Protestant Churches in Silesia Being insolent in his office and becomne odious he would tell the people he did that to save them Saviour and doe the Magistrate what he could with perswasions they would there stay his out-comming About one or 2 a clock comes a Ritmaster with 3 troopes of Horse from the Swedish Army to demand the townsmens purpose in that peece of ordnance which had killed a Leiftenant Colonels horse under him and 3 soldiers The Magistrate desiring respite for his answere till the morning the Ritmaster fairely retyred some townsmen first telling him that it was Baron Donaw's doing By this were the townsmen starck mad resolving to have torne the Baron in peeces had not 2 Lords privately brought him off in their Coach set him privately downe behinde the Cathedrall whence at midnight hee was shifted out of the Citie unto his owne Castle of Warrenberg 32 English miles to the North East of Breslaw whence he escaped to Vienna Hence was he sent into Poland where he raised some thousands of Cosacks with whom he returned into Silesia By this mans indiscretion had this fairest City of Silesia like to have beene undone by his offering the first act of hostilitie against the Swedish who were al this day in hot skirmish with the Imperialists Wednesday morning they begann againe the fight continuing till 8 a clock at which time was shooting given over on both sides The reason was for that the Imperialists at that instant retyred to a place called Clarworder not