not fully proceeded upon There are in the West of Ireland about 20 Gentlemen who have engaged in the Pilchard-fishing and have among them all about 160 Saynes wherewith they sometimes take about 4000 Hogshheads of Pilchards per Ann. worth about 10,000 l. Cork Kingsale and Bantry are the best places for eating of Fresh Fish tho Dublin be not or need not be ill supplied with the same The Clothing-Trade is not arrived to what it was before the late Rebellion And the Art of making the excellent thick spungy warm Coverlets seems to be lost and not yet recovered Near Colrane is a Salmon-Fishing where several Tuns of Salmon have been taken at one Draught and in one Season The English in Ireland before Henry the VII's time lived in Ireland as the Europians do in America or as several Nations do now upon the same Continent so as an Englishman was not punishable for killing an Irish-man and they were governed by differeâ—t Laws the Irish by the Brehan-Law and the English there by the Laws of England Registers of Burials Births and Marriages are not yet kept in Ireland though of late begun in Dublin but imperfectly English in Ireland growing poor and discontented degenerate into Irish vice versa Irish growing into Wealth and Favour reconcile to the English Eleven Iriâ—â— Miles make 14 English according to the proportion of the Irish Perch of 21 Feet to the English of 16â— The admeasurement of Land in Ireland hath hitherto been made with a Circumferencer with a Needle of 3â…” long as the most convenient Proportion but 't will be henceforth better done by the help of some old Geometrical Theoremes joyn'd with this new property of a Circle demonstrated by Dr. R. Wood. The DIAGRAM ALtho the Proâ—estants of Irelâ—nd be to Papists as three to eight yet because the former live in Cities and Towns and the Scots live all in and about five of the 32 Counties of Ireland It seems in other open Counties and without the Corporations that the Irish and Papists are twenty to one A Report from the Council of Trade in Ireland to the Lord Lieutenant and Council which was drawn by Sir William Petty IN Obedience to your Lordship's Act of Council of January the 2â—th 1675. we have spent several days in considering how as well the Wealth of this Kingdom in general as the Money thereof in particular may be increased And in order thereunto we have first set down to the best of our knowledge the state of this Kingdom in reference to Trade Secondly We have noted such Inferences from the same as do shâ—w the several Causes of the smalness of Trade want of Money and the genâ—ral Poverty of this Nation And in the last place we have offered such general Remedies and Expedients in the respective Cases as may be obtained and practised without any new Law to be made in Ireland And we are ready so to inlarge upon the Branches we have offered as to make such of our Proposals practicable as your Lordships shall please to select and approve of for that purpose March the 25th 1676. Considerations relating to the Improvement of IRELAND 1. THE whole Territory of Ireland consists of about 12 Millions of Acres English Measure of Arrable Meadow and good Pasture Land with about two Millions of Rocky Boggy and Scrubby Pasture commonly call'd Unprofitable tho not altogether such The rest being absolute Boggs Loughs Rocks Sands Strands Rivers and High-ways c. Of all which several Lands the yearly Rent comprehending Their Majesties Quit-Rents Tythes and Tenants Improvements is supposed to be about 9â—0,000 l. and worth to be purchased at Nine Millions 2. The value of all the Housing in Ireland which have one or more Chimneys in them excluding all Cabbins which have none is supposed to be Two Millions and a half 3. The Cattel and Live-Stock Three Millions 4. Corn Furniture Merchandise Shipping c. about One Million 5. The Coyned and Currant Money now running in Trade is between 300 and 350 â—00 l. or the 5â—th part of the value of the whole Kingdom which we suppose to be about 16 Millions 6. The number of people in Ireland is about 1100,000 viz. Three Hundred Thousand English Scotch and Welch Protestants and 800,000 Papists whereof â—th are Children unfit for Labour and about 75,000 of the Remainder are by reason of their Quality and Estates above the necessity of Corporal Labour so as there remains 750,000 Labouring Men and Women 5â—0,000 whereof do perform the present Work of the Nation 7. The said 1100,000 people do live in about 200,000 Families or Houses whereof there are but about 16,000 which have more than one Chimney in each and about 24,000 which have but one all the other Houses being 160,000 are wretched nasty Cabbins without Chimney Window or Door shut and worse than those of the Savage Americans and wholly unfit for the making Merchantable Butter Cheese or the Manufactures of Woollen Linnen or Leather 8. The Houses within the City and Liberties of Dublin are under 5,0â—0 viz. in the City 1150. And the Ale-Houses within the same about 1200. And it seems that in other Corporations and Countrey Towns the proportion of Ale-Houses is yet greater than in Dublin viz. about â…“ of the whole 9. The Counties Baronies and Parishes of Ireland are now become marvellously unequal so as some are twe ty times as big as others the County of C rk seeming in respect of people and Parishes to be â—th of the whole Kingdom and other Counties not being above the 2â—th part of the County of Cork It hath been found very difficult to get fit persons for Sheriffs and Juries and the often holding of Assizes and Quarter-Sessions in the said smaller Counties hath been found an unnecessary burthen upon them 10. There are now in Ireland 32 Counties 252 Baronies and 2278 Parishes so as the number of Sheriffs and Sub-Sheriffs Sheriff Bailiffs High and Petty-Constables are about three thousand Persons whereof not above â— are English or Protestants So as the remainder being about 27â—0 are Irish Papists and are the Civil Militia of this Kingdom and have the executing of all Decrees of Courts and of Justices of the Peaces Warrants 11. This Civil Militia and the rest of the Irish Papists being ' about 80â—,000 are influenced and guided by about 3000 Priests and Fryars anâ— they governed by their Bishops and Superiors who are for the most part of the Old Irish Gentry men of Foreign Education and who depend upon Foreign Princes and Prelates for Benefices and Preferments 12. The Irish Papists besideâ— Sundays and the 29 Holidays appointed by the Law do one place with another observe about 24 days more in the year in which they do no Corporal Labour so as they have but about 266 Working-days whereas Protestants not strictly observing all the Legal Holy-days by a total forbearing of Labour have in effect 300 Working-days in the year that is 34 days more than the
THE Political Anatomy OF IRELAND WITH The Establishment for that Kingdom when the late Duke of ORMOND was Lord Lieutenant Taken from the RECORDS To which is added VERBUM SAPIENTI or an Account of the Wealth and Expences of England and the Method of raising Taxes in the most Equal manner Shewing also That the Nation can bear the Charge of Four Millions per Annum when the occasions of the Government require it By Sir WILLIAM PETTY late Fellow of the Royal Society and Surveyor-General of the Kingdom of Ireland LONDON Printed for D. Brown and W. Rogers at the Bible without Temple-Bar and at the Sun over-against St. Dunstans Church Fleetstreet 1691. To His Grace the Duke of ORMOND MY LORD THE Celebrated Author of the following Treatise had not only the Honour to be known to Your Grace's Grand-Father the late Illustrious Duke of ORMOND but was likewise held by Him in that just Esteem which he never fail'd of expressing towards Men of Learning and Ingenuity This was a sufficient Encouragement to me having the Manuscript-Copy deliverâ—d into my Hands by a Worthy and Intimate Friend of the Authors to dispose of it to the Press for the publick Benefit to Address it to Your Grace's Patronage You are so true a Successor in all the generous Virtues of Your Ancestry that I cannot doubt of Your favourable Reception of this Posthumous Work Your Generosity that takes all occasions of exerting it self towards the Living cannot fail in doing Justice to the Memory of the Dead More especially to such Persons as in their Life took care to oblige Posterity The usefulness of the ensuing Discourse at this time when there is so fair a prospect of a new Settlement in IRELAND were sufficient to recommend it to Your Grace's Protection Your Grace's Interest in the Re-establishment of that Kingdom tho it be considerable yet is much less than your Share in the glorious Enterprize towards its Recovery You had the Honour of accompanying His MAJESTY in an Adventure that shall shine in the Annals of Fame as long as the Boyne shall maintain its Course But a single Gallantry appear'd not sufficient for the Heir of ORMOND and OSSERY You have since accompanied our Royal Master to other Shores to be partaker with him in new Scenes of Action Undertakings of no less Consequence and Importance than the Deliverance of Europe This will afford sufficient matter for Panegyrick and oblige the Muses to place you in the same high Rank of Renown with Your Noble and Heroick Predecessors In the mean time be pleas'd to permit this useful Treatise to wait on you to the Camp and bring you the hearty wishes of all good Men here for Your happy Expedition and Your safe Return which is desir'd by none with a more particular Zeal than by Your GRACE'S Most Devoted Servant N. TATE THE Author's Preface SIR Francis Bacon in his Advancement of Learning hath made a judicious Parallel in many particulars between the Body Natural and Body Politick and between the Arts of preserving both in Health and Strength And it is as reasonable that as Anatomy is the best foundation of one so also of the other and that to practice upon the Politick without knowing the Symmetry Fabrick and Proportion of it is as casual as the practice of Old-women and Empyricks Now because Anatomy is not only necessary in Physicians but laudable in every Philosophical person whatsoever I therefore who profess no Politicks have for my curiosity at large attempted the first Essay of Political Anatomy Furthermore as Students in Medicine practice their inquiries upon cheap and common Animals and such whose actions they are best acquainted with and where there is the least confusion and perplexure of Parts I have chosen Ireland as such a Political Animal who is scarce Twenty years old where the Intrigue of State is not very complicate and with which I have been conversant from an Embrion and in which if I have done amiss the fault may be easily mended by another 'T is true that curious Dissections cannot be made without variety of proper Instruments whereas I have had only a commoÌ„n Knife and a Clout instead of the many more helps which such a Work requires However my rude approaches being enough to find whereabout the Liver and Spleen and Lungs lye tho' not to discern the Lymphatick Vessels the Plexus Choroidus the Volvuli of vessels within the Testicles yet not knowing that even what I have here readily done was much considered or indeed thought useful by others I have ventur'd to begin a new Work which when Corrected and Enlarged by better Hands and Helps I believe will tend to the Peace and Plenty of my Country besides which I have no other end ADVERTISEMENT THE Reader is desired to take notice That by Letterâ—es are meant persons restored to Land by virtue of the Letters of King Charles the Second and by Nominees such persons are intended as were restored to their Lands by being named in the Act of Settlement and Papists per Proviso were such as had Provisoes in that Act for their Lands And by the 49 Officers are meant such Commission Officers under the King who served in Ireland before the year of our Lord 1649. The following Treatise of Sir William Petty's Political Anatomy of Ireland is Printed after a Copy Transcribed from the Original writ by the Author 's own hand and all the Blanks as here Printed were in that Original And which tho' it may be suppos'd he could easily have fill'd up yet was it not held proper for any other to attempt or to add to any thing done by so great a Master This his work of The Political Anatomy of Ireland ends in page 113. P. 114. begins the famous Report from the Council of Trade in Ireland which was not only Drawn but wholly Composed by Sir William Petty and with which that Council concurred unanimously P. 132. followeth the Copy of the Commission of the late Duke of Ormond to be Lord Lieutenant and an Account of the Establishment of the Civil and Military List in his time faithfully and carefully taken out of Authentick Records And to the Nature of which the continued Title of The Political Anatomy of Ireland on those Pages agrees well enough The Volume concludes with Sir William Petty's Verbum Sapienti which relates wholly to England and shews how Taxes may be equally laid and how the Nation may well bear the Tax of Four Millions per Annum The Reader is now left with his most Critical attentive Judgment to enjoy the benefit of the great Political knowledg that Sir William Petty hath taught the Age and for which as one of the greatest Ornaments of it he deserveth perpetual celebrations Know Reader in a word That Nulla ferent talem saecla futura virum The CONTENTS of the Political Anatomy of IRELAND OF the Lands of Ireland with the present distribution and Values of the same Page 1 Of the People
the Secretaries singly and his Majesty under his hand-Writing doth Specify that his Majesty will have this done by Mr. Secretary Nicholas These Propositions made unto his Majesty by his Grace the Duke of Ormond Lord Steward of his Majesty's Houshold and Lord Lieutenant of Ireland were received and approved at the Council board the 22 day of Iune 1662 there being present the King 's most excellent Majesty his Royal Highness the Duke of York his Highness Prince Rupert the Lord Chancellor the Lord Treasurer Duke of Albemarle Duke of Ormond Marquess of Dorchester Lord Great Chamberlain Lord Chamberlain Earl of Barkshire Earl of Portland Earl of Norwich Earl of Anglesey Earl of Lauderdail the Lord Hatton Lord Hollis Lord Ashly Sir William Compton Mr. Treasurer Mr. Vice Chamberlain Mr Secretary Nicholas Mr. Secretary Morris By His Majesties Command EDWARD NICHOLAS At the Court at Hampton-Court IUNE 22. 1662. Present The King 's Most Excellent Majesty His Highness the Duke of York His Highness Prince Rupert Lord Chancellor Lord Treasurer Duke of Albemarl Duke of Ormond Marquess of Dorchester Lord Great Chamberlain Earl of Berkshire Earl of Portland Earl of Norwich Earl of Anglesey Earl of Lauderdale Lord Hatton Lord Hollis Lord Ashly Sir William Compton Mr. Treasurer Mr. Vice-Chamberlain Mr. Secretary Nicholas Mr. Secretary Morris Charles R. HIS Majesty's express pleasure is That the Masters of Requests and every of them in their several Months of attendance at Court do Constantly observe these ensuing Directions viz. Not to move his Majesty in Petitions for any Irish Suit by way of Reward either for any of His Majesty's Servants or others before the ordinary Revenue of that Kingdom become able to maintain the necessary Charge of that Crown and the Debts thereof be fully cleared For any particular Complaint of Injustice or Oppression pretended to be done there unless it appear the Party made his first Address unto the Lord Lieutenant for confirmation of any Reversion of Offices within that Kingdom or any new Grant of Reversion hereafter any places in the Lord-Lieutenants gift either of the Civil or Military List when any such shall fall void Any erection of a new Office in that Kingdom before such time as the Lord-Lieutenant be therewithall acquainted his Opinion required and certified back accordingly By His Majesty's Command EDWARD NICHOLAS CHARLES R. THere being nothing more conducible to the quiet and safety of a Kingdom than a frugal and regular ordering and disposing of the Revenue that is to maintain the Publick Charge and Expence of the Government both Civil and Military We have thought fit with the advice of our Council upon a Prospect made of all our Revenue certain and casual and the just means in view upon the settlement of Estate in that Kingdom now in hand for improveing thereof to begin by this Establishment both to bring our Payments as near as may be to the compass of our Receipts and to provide especially for our Publick Affairs by supporting Civil Justice and Government and by maintaining our Forces in the present Strength and Fulness intending hereafter as our Charge may grow less and our Means encrease to extend our Favour and Bounty according to our gracious Inclinations and the Merit of persons to the further encouragement of Particulars as cause shall require Whereof we have already given a proof in the liberal Addition we have made to the Judges for their better Support in the impartial administration of Justice The LIST FOR CIVIL AFFAIRS Containing the several Entertainments by the Year of all Officers and others serving in our Courts of Justice in the several Provinces of Ireland Officers belonging to the State Officers of our Customs Officers of the Excise Creation-Money with other Perpetuities and particular Payments for our Service Which We require henceforth to be duely paid out of our Revenues there by the Hands of our Vice-Treasurer or Receiver General for the time being according to the Cautions here mentioned the same to begin for and from the First day of April 1666. THESE following Payments are the constant Fees to be continued to the several Officers without change from time to time  l. s. d. The Right Honourable Arthur Earl of Anglesey Vice-Treasurer and General Receiver 050 00 00 Sir Robert Meredith Kt. Chancellor of the Exchequer 100 00 00 Iohn Busse Esq Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer 600 00 00 Sir Richard Kennedy Kt. Second Baron of the Exchequer 300 00 00 Iohn Povey Esq Third Baron of the Exchequer 220 00 00 Sir Audly Mervin Kt. His Majesty's prime Serjeant at Law 020 10 00 Sir William Domvile Kt. His Majesty's Attorney General 075 06 00 Sir Iohn Temple Kt. His Majesty's Sollicitor-General 075 00 00 Philip Fernely Esq His Majesty's Chief Remembrancer 030 00 0â— Sir Iames Ware Kt. His Majesty's Auditor-General for his ancient Fee per Ann. â—84 l. 6 s. 3 d. and for an Augmentation thereof allowed by the former Establishment 50 l. in all 234 06 0â— Sir Allen Brodrick Kt. His Majesty's Surveyor-General 060 00 00 Frances Lee Escheatour of the Province of Leinster 006 13 04 Escheatour of the Province of Vlster 020 05 00 Escheatour of the Province of Munster 020 05 00 Escheatour of the Province of Connaght 020 05 00 Henry Warren Esq Second Remembrancer 007 17 06 Nicholas Loftus Esq Clerk of the Pipe 015 00 00 Roger Moor Esq Chief-Chamberlain 010 00 00 Sir Robert Kennedy Bart. Second Chamberlain 005 00 00 Maurice Keating Controllor of the Pipe 007 00 00 Iohn Longfield Usher of the Exchequer for his Fee per Annum 2 l. 10 s. and for his allowance for Ink for the Exchequer 10 l. per Annum In all per Annum 012 10 00 Thomas Lea Transcriptour and Forreign Opposer 015 00 00 Edward Ludlow Summonitor of the Exchequer 007 05 00 Iohn Burniston Marshal of the four Courts 004 00 00 Sir Theophilus Iones Kt. Clerk of the Pells 030 00 00 Iohn Exham Clerk of the first fruits and twentieth parts 027 10 00 Thomas Gibson Cryer of the Court of Exchequer 001 14 04 The Right Honourable Iames Baron of Santry Lord Chief Justice of His Majesties Bench. 800 00 00 Sir Will. Aston Kt. second Justice of the said Court 300 00 00 Thomas Stockton Esq third Justice of the said Court 300 00 00 Sir Will. Vsher Kt. Clerk of the Crown of the said Court 007 10 00 The most Reverend Father in God Michael Lord Arch-bishop of Dublin Lord Chancellor of Ireland 1000 00 00 Sir Iohn Temple Sen. Kn t. Master of the Rolls 144 03 04 Dr. Dudley Loftus one of the Masters of the Chancery 020 00 00 Robert Mossom Esq another Master of the Chancery 020 00 00 George Carlton Clerk of the Crown in Chancery 025 00 00 The said George Carlton Clerk of the Hanaper for his Fee per Annum 10 l. 1 s. and for an allowance of Paper and Parchment for the Chancery per Annum 25 l.
part by reason of the late Rebellion do not sit in Parliament By about 3000 Freeholders and the Members of about 100 Corporations the University at Dublin reckoned for one represented in the House of Commons by about 270 Knights Citizens and Burgesses The Parliament so constituted have a Negative upon any Law that the Lord Lieutenant and Councel shall offer to the King and which the King and his Councel in England shall under the Great Seal remit to the said Parliament The Sheriffs of Counties and of Cities and Counties in Ireland are 40 finally appointed by the Lord Lieutenant each of which hath about Ten Bailiffs The Chief Governour called sometimes Lord-Lieutenant sometimes Lord-Deputy sometimes Lords Justices with a Council at this time consisting of about 50 Members do govern in all Matters belonging to the Peace Prerogative c. There be five Courts viz. a Chancery consisting of a Lord-Chancellor Master of the Rolls and two three or four Sallariated Masters of Chancery The King's-Bench of a Lord-Chief-Justice and two other Judges The Common-Pleas of the like The Exchequer of a Lord-Chief-Baron and two other Barons with the Treasurer and Chancellor of the Exchequer And a Prerogative whereof the Primate of Armagh is Judge There is also a Palatinate-Courtih Tipperary whereof the Duke of Ormond is Lord of the Liberties and Regalities to it belonging There is also a Court of Admiralty Every Bishop hath also two Courts And there have been formerly and lately but now An. 1672. suspended a Presidency of Munster and another of Connaght who meddle not with Life or Limb nor Titles of Land There is also a Court Marshal for the Affairs of the Army who in times of peace often transmit accus'd persons to the Civil-power To all these Courts do belong Officers Councellors of Law whereof I reckon are of the first Classis gaining by Estimation about 600 l. per Ann. each of the 2d gaining about 300 l. per Ann. And of the 3d gaining not above 100 l. per Ann. There are also sworn Attornies gaining about 120 l. per Ann. one with another There are in Ireland about 950 Justices of the Peace appointed by the Lord-Chancellor an Head-Constable for each Barony or Hundred being 252 and a Petty Constable for each Parish whereof are about 2278. The Ecclesiastical Government is by Arch-Bishops Bishops Arch-Deacons Deans of Cathedral-Churches in all which there are now actually but one Quire entire and that in Dublin serving both at Christ-Church and St. Patrick's And the Parsons Vicars and Curates for the Protestant-Religion are in all Ireland at this day near 500 and about half the Tythes are Impropriate and belonging to Lay-men This is the State of the External and Apparent Government of Ireland so far as it concerns the Number and Species of Persons managing the same But the Internal and Mystical Government of Ireland is thus viz. 1. There are always about Twenty Gentlemen of the Irish Nation and Popish-Religion who by reason of their Families good Parts Courtly Education and Carriage are supported by the Irish to negotiate their Concernments at the Court of England and of the Vice-Roy in Ireland These men raise their Contributions by the Priests who actually and immediately govern the People The Priests are govern'd by at least 24 Romish Bishops all of whom have a long time been conversant in France Spain Italy Germany England whereas Chaplains and Almoners c. they have made an interest with the governing Men and Ministers of State in those several Kingdoms and have obtained some Benefits and Preferments from them So as the Body of the Irish-Papist's being about 800 M. whereof near 700 M. do live in wretched Cabbins without Chimney or Window are govern'd by about 1000 Secular Priests and 2500 Friars and Regulars of several Orders whereof most are Franciscans next Dominicans and Augustins but few Capuchins and Iesuits or Carthusians These I say are govern'd by their respective Bishops and Superiors whom the Ministers of Foreign States do also govern and direct So as upon the whole matter the Irish who are the Bulk of the Nation are govern'd indirectly by Foreign Power and so are the aforenamed Lay-Patriots their support coming from the Clergy constituted as aforesaid and who do notoriously exercise their Spiritual Jurisdiction in Ireland And do also exert a Temporal Power by prevailing with Papist Justices of the Peace to send such to Gaol as are disobedient to the Clergy upon feigned or frivolous Complaints which they cause to be brought against them The Judges aforenamed all but the Chancellor go Circuits whereof there are five twice every year excepting only the one County of Kerry There is an University at Dublin but lying for the most part within one College wherein are a Provost and seven Senior and Ruling Fellows Nine Junior Fellows sixty Sch lars and at this time Commoners and other Students There was about the year 1669 erected a College of Physicians consisting of a President and 13 Fellows There are belonging to the Prerogative Arch-Deacons Courts Court-Martial and Admiralty-Courts not above to Advocates and 30 Proctors There are in the City of Dublin a Lord-Mayor 2 Sheriffs 24 Aldermen 48 Sheriffs Peers and 96 of the Common-Council There are besides Companies or Corporations of Trades-men There is lately instituted an Hospital for poor Children not yet fully perfected nor endowed There is also an Hospital for Sick Lame and Old Soldiers but without Endowment and standing but at discretion and pleasure There are in and near Dublin three Publick Prisons and one House of Correction Lastly I must intimate that the Footmanship for which the Irish 40 years agone were very famous is now almost quite lost among them every man now keeping a small Garran to ride on unless in such rocky and craggy places where 't is easier to go a foot than to ride Of the Militia and Defence of IRELAND THERE be in Ireland as elsewhere two Militias one are the Justices of Peace their Militia of High and Petty Constables as also the Sheriffs Militia of his Servants and Bailiffs and Posse Comitatus upon extraordinary occasions Of these all together there are in Ireland near 3000 all of which are bound within their several Districts there to act and not elsewhere There is or hath lately been an Army in Ireland of about thirty Troops of Horse and sixty Companies of Foot with a Regiment of Guard at Dublin as a Life-Guard for the Lord Lieutenant making in all about five thousand Men. There is also a Protestant Militia of about 24000 Men viz. about ten thousand Horse and the rest Foot The people of Ireland are all in Factions and Parties called English and Irish Protestants and Papists Though indeed the real distinction is vested and devested of the Land belonging to Papists Ann. 1641. Of which the Irish that are vested by Restoration seem rather to take part with the devested And the chief Pique which the Popish-Clergy have at the Protestants is