we thus avow and stand for in matters truly publique and ecclesiasticall we do not understand as it hath pleased some contumeliously to upbraid us women and children but onely men and them grown and of discretion making account that as children by their nonage so women by their sex are debarred of the use of authoritie in the Church CHAP. V. Of Holy-dayes IT seemeth not without all leven of superstition that the Duch reformed Churches do observ certain dayes consecrated as holy to the Nativity Resurrection and Ascention of Christ and the same also as it commonly comes to passe where humain devices are reared up by the side of divine institutions much more holy then the Lords day by him himselfe appoynted And for this first we are taught by Moses thus speaking unto the people of Israel in the name of the Lord. Verily my Sabbaths ye shall keep for it is a signe between me and you thoroughout your generations that ye may know that I am the Lord that doth sanctifie you that it appertayns unto God alone and to no man or Angel as to sanctifie whether person or thing so to institute the signes or means of sanctification of which number holy dayes are I ad if the Lord as lehovah and the God of his people Isâ—ael and supream Lawgiver do ordeyn the sanctification of a day in the decalogue how far should Gods servants be eyther Magistrates from takeing this honour of God unto themselves by commaunding a holy day or subjects by observing it to give the same unto any other save God alone 2. It was not the least part of Israels defection first in the wildernes afterwards under Ieroboam that they ordeyned a â—east to Ichovah whom they represented to themselvs by the goulden calvs which they had made 3. Seeing that every first day of the weeke called by Iohn the Lords day is consecrated by Christ himself and his Apostles to the memoriall of Christs resurrection and Gods solemn worship it seems too much for anie mortall man to appoint or make an anniversarie memoriall and the same most solemn and sacred of the same resurrection or so to observe it Lastly that you may see it was a man from whom this device came and so erred as one saith not to meddle with the uncertaintie either of the day of the month or month of the yeare in which Christ was born as it is most certain on the contrarie that this 25 of December cannot be the time what good reason I would know can be rendred why a day should be consecrated rather to the birth circumcision and ascension of Christ then to his death seeing that the Scriptures every where do ascribe our redemption and salvation to his death and passion in speciall manner CHAP. VI. Of the celebration of Mariage by the Pastours of the Church SIxtly and lastly we cannot assent to the receaved opinion and practise answerable in the Reformed Churches by which the Pastours thereof do celebrate marriage publiquely and by vertue of their office because 1 The holy Sâ—râ—pture divinely inspired that the man of God that is the minister may be perfitly furnished to every good work doth no where furnish or oblige the minister to this work 2. Marriage doth properly and imediately appertein to the family which is primarily framed of man and wife and Citties and other politicall bodies consisting of manie familyes Secondarily and mediately to the common wealth and publique governers of the same who therefore weighing their office and what concerneth them doe accordingly in the low countries comelily and in good orderâ—â—y that knott of marriage amongst such theire subjects as require it at their hands Neither did God as a minister joyn in marriage our first parents as some would make him but as their common father by right of creation and the chief maister of the marriage neither ought the Pastours office to be streched to anie other acts then those of religion and such as are peculiar to christians amongst which marriage common to Gentiles as well as to them hath no place Lastly considering how popish superstitition hath so far prevailed that marriage in the Romish church hath gott a room amongst the sacraments truly and properly so called and by Christ the Lord instituted the celebration and consecration whereof the patrons and consorts of that superstition will have so tyed to the priests fingers that by the decree of Evaristus the first they account the marriage no better then incestuous which the priest consecrates not it the more concerns the reverend brethren and Pastours of the reformed Churches to see unto it that by their practise they neither doe nor seem to advantage this popish errour And these are the points of our difference froÌ„ the Belgick churches which are neiâ—her so small as that they deserv to be neglected especially of them unto whom nothing seemeth small which proceeds from the gracious either mouth or spirit of the Lord Iesus nor yet so great as to dissolv the bond of brotherly charitie and communion If any now shal object that there are yet other things beside these in which we consort not so well with them nor they with us as for example 1. In the sanctification of the Lords day in which we seem even superstitiously rigid 2. In a certain popular exercise of prophesi amongst us 3. In our dislike of the publique Temples and sundry other indifferent things as they are termed besides that we are accused by some for not having in due estimation the magistrates authoritie in matters of religion I do answere and first that in the two first of these the same Churches do not differ from us in judgment but in practise as appears evidently by the Harmonie of the Belgick Synods lately published by S. R. Of the former of those two the author of the same book testifieth in his Preface to the Reader that the Synod held at Middleborough in Zeland 1581. did supplicate unto the magistrate that by his authoritie he would decree the sanctification of the Lords day abolishing the manifould abuses thereof That sanctification then of the Lords day which the reformed churches do endeavour unto and desire to have fortified by the magistrates authoritie that we considering it as immediately imposed by Christ upon his churches by the grace of God labour to perform being thereunto induced by these amongst other reasons CHAP. VII Of the sanctification of the Lords day FIrst the sanctification of the Sabboth is a part of the Decalogue or morall law written in tables of stone by the finger of God of which Christ our Lord pronounceth that no one â—oâ—e or title shall passe away Now if it be unpossible for one title of the law to be dissolved much more for a whole word or commandement and one of ten by which it should come to passe that Christians now were not to count of ten commandements of the moral law but of nyne onely
If reply be made that the fourth commandement is so ceremoniall that notwithstanding it hath this morall in it that some tyme be assigned and taken for the publique ministerie and exercises of religion I answer 1. That the same may be said in generall of the Mosaicall ceremonies whatsoever all and everie one whereof affoardeth something morall For instance The Mosaicall Temple or Tabernacle had this morall in it and perteyning to us as well as to the Israelites that it was a fit and convenient place for the Church assembly Is therefore the precept for the tabernacle as well morall as that for the Sabboth Is it alike a part of the decalogue and morall law Is it alike one of the ten Commandements 2. If the morall sanctification of the Sabboth stand in this that sometime be assigned to the publique ministerie then were the Israelites especially the preists and Levites bound to an everie day sabboth and sanctification morall being bound everie day to offer in the tabernacle and temple two young lambs the one at morning the other at evening for a daylie sacrifice 3. If the second precept of the Decalogue do in the affirmative part injoyn all outward instituted worship of God then also by consequence it requiâ—es some set time as a naturall circumstance absolutely necessarie to everie finite action in which the same worship is to be performed In vaâ—n then is the fourth commandement and to no purpose if it injoyn nothing at all but that which was injoyned before namely in the second 4. The verie essence of the fourth commaundment consists in this that a day of seaven be kept holy that is separated from common use and consecrated to God in whâ—ch as in a holy day the works of divine worship and such as serve for the spirituall man ought to be exercised as appears plainly by the reason taken from Gods example upon which the commandement is founded Take this away and the life of the precept seemeth to suffer violence The truly godly take some tyme for the exercises of Gods worship not onely publique and Ecclesiasticall but private also and domesticall yea in their closets as Christ teacheth Yet are not these either times or places in which such things are done then others arâ— Eyther therefore a day in it self must be holy by divine institution or the Decalogue is mayâ—ed in the fourth commandement But you will doubtlesse object the change made from the last daie to the first day of the week I answer 1. that change is meeâ—ly circumstantiall in which also the essence of the precept iâ— not abolished but established As for example God promised unto children duly honouring their parents a long life in that land to wit of Canaan then to be possessed by his people which the Lord thy God gave unto them The same promise by the Apostles testimonie still stands good to obedient children though out of Canaan and in another land so doth the same precept stand in force for the sanctification of the sabboth though removed to another of the seven dayes by the Lords hand 2. It is evident that this alteration was made both upon weightie ground and warrantable authoritie The ground is Christ our Saviours resurrection from the dead in whâ—ch mans new creation at least in respect of Christ working the same in the state of humiliation for that â—nd undertaken was perfeited a new kinde of kingdome of God after a sort established and as the Scriptures speak all things made new And why not also a new sabboth after a sort in which yet notwithstanding the former as â—he creation also by Christâ— is not so properly abolished as perfited The authoritie upon which this change leaâ—eth is no lesse then of Christ himself who first by word of mouth for the fortie dayes after his resurrection taught the disciples the things which apperteyned to the kingdom of God that is as Calvin saith whatsoever things they published either by word or writing afterward 2. By his example or fact setting himself in the middest of the same his Apostles the first day of the week and as Iunius saith everie eigth day till his ascension into heaven therein not onely blessing them with his bodily but much more with his spirituall and that speciall presence 3. By his spirit speaking in his Apostles whose office it was to teach his disciples to observ what things soever he had commanded them and to declare unto them the whole counsail of God who also in their whole ministration were to be reputed none other then the ministers of Christ and lastly whose both writing preachings accordingly even about order and comlines to be kept in the church exercises were the commandements of the Lord Iesus Agreable hereunto it was that the Apostle Paul coming to Troaâ— and there with his companie abidâ—ng seven dayes he did not till the first day of the week which yet was the last of the seven call together the aâ—sciples to eat bread that is to communicate in the Lords supper Hereupon also it was that the same Apostle ordeyned that on everie first day of the week as on a day sanctified for the holie assemblies and â—ttest for most effectuall provocations to the supplying of the necessities of the poore Saints everie one of the richer sort should lay something apart as God had blessed him for the releif of the Churches in Syria at that tyme oppressed with great penurie and want Lastly upon none other ground but this was this day by Iohn the Apostle named expresly the Lords day as being consecrated to the resurrection and service of the Lord Iesus for which end also it was kept in the primitive Churches as appeareth by most ancient and authentick writers Neyther did Pathmos more distinctly denote a certain and known Iland and Iohn a certain and known person then did the Lords day a day certain and known especially unto Christians unto whom the Apostle wrote Whereunto also agreeth that of Austin This Lords day is therefore so called because on that day the Lord rose again or that by the verie name iâ— might teach us how it ought to be consecrated to the Lord. The second reason is because the sanctification of the Sabboth the circumstantiall change notwithstanding doth as well belong to us in our times as to the Israelites in theirs whether we respect the Reason of the commandement or the end The reason is taken from the example of God himself who rested the seventh day from the works of creation The ends are 1 that we framing our selvs to Gods example after six daies spent in servile works or works of acquisition might rest the seaventh 2. That we might recount with our selvs not onely with thankfull but also composed hearts as the creation of man and of all other things for mans good so also his re-creation renovation clearly shineing in the resurrection of Christ from
the dead 3. That sequestâ—ing our hearts tongues and hands from everie servile work so far as humain infirmitie will beaâ— we might consâ—crate unto God a certain and set time day for the works of pietie towards him and of charitie towards men And albeit the state of Israell of ould compared with ours was childish and elementaâ—ie and so needed the more helps both for restraint and supportance yet have not we atteyned to such manlike perfection as that we need none at all in this kinde And not to meddle with the table of Christians whose aveâ—sâ—es from the due sanctification of this day gives no obscure testamonie that the same is sacred of God from which their prophane conversation so much abhorreth how behooffull and necessarie it is for the true worshippers of God that for some certain and whole day they should emptie and disburden their hearts of their earthly cares though in themselves lawfull that so they might wholy consecrate themselvs to God publiquely in his house and privately in their own partly by preparing themselvs and theirs for the publique worship and ministrie partly by calling to minde in themselvs and instructing and examining of those which belong unto them as they ought touching the things which they have publiquely heard as also in mâ—ditateing of the most glorious works of Gods hands the verie experience of everie godly and devout man may teach him He that sels himself to the holy and severe observation of this the Lords Sabboth turning away his foot from the Sabboth not to do that wherin he delighteth on the Lords holy day calling the Sabboth a delight the holy of the Lord honourable and shall honour him not doing hiâ— own wayes nor performing his own pleasure or speaking his own words then shall he delight himself in the Lord and he will cause him to â—ide upon the high places of the earth and feed him with the heritage of Iacob his father because the mouth of the Lord hath spoken it Where as on the contrarie no man doth or can neglect the same without apparent prejudice and wrong to pietie and goodnes both in himself and those under him To let passe other things how easily doth this thought steal into the heart not thoroughly perswaded of the holynes of this day what now There is in the day no holynes by Gods appointment save onely as in it the publique sermons of the church with prayer and thanksgiving are to be frequented and performed for me to be present at everie sermon speciallie made in the cittie both on the Lords day and everie other day of the week my speciall calling and worldly affairs will not permit Besides it were verie commodious for me on this Lords day to make an end of such or such a work which I have in hand to deal in such a busines to undertake such a journey And what should hinder me from so doing But provided alwaies upon this condition that look what this day wants the morrow or next day shall plentifully supply or if it so fall out thorough mine importunate buâ—sines that I bee something more behinde this week in these things I will certainly and at the furthest the next week be so much the more frequent in them and so make God and my soul amends And why as is the guise of ill debters will not men desire and take longer day even to months and years also considering how on the one side the heart of man is dayly faster taken held by the bait of worldly profit and pleasure and on the other lesse affectioned to Gods holy word by the lesse frequent hearing of it And hence alasse cometh it to passe that true pietie languisheth so much in the most and with it such other christian vertues as use to accompanie it Hence flow those tears of sorrow and lamenting which no true christian casting his eyes upon the reformed churches can forbear The third Reason is taken from that Apostolicall determination wrested by many to a contrarie meaning Coloss. 2 16 17. Let no man therefore judg you in meat or drink or in respect of a feast or new moone or sabbaths which are the shadow of good things to come but the bodie is Christ. Whence it appeareth more then plainly that onely those sabboths are abolished by Christs comeing in the flesh which were types and figures of Christ to come of which sort as there were not a few instituted of God by Moses so doth this Apostle here and elswhere sufficiently declare the abrogateing and abolishing of the same by Christ. But that the Sabboth of which we now speak comes in that reckoning we plainly deny For 1. In its primary institution Gen. 2. there can nothing be found not wholy morall Let a man haveing many eâ—es as Argus search the same with a candle he seekes as we say a knot in a bulâ—ush if he think to find in it any either shadow of Christ or shadow of shadow If any shall except that God by Moses did enjoyn unto the Israelites the sanctification of this day that it might be a signe between him and Israel throughout their generations that they might know that he is the Lord that doth sanctifie them I do answer first in the words of Arminius that the Reason upon which God did afterwards commend unto his people the sanctification of the sabboth because it was a signe between God and his people that it was Iehovah that sanctified them may be applyed to the times of the new testament further with them also the sabboths sanctification 2. Admit that this use were ceremoniall and typicall in the fourth commandement yet were there no force in the consequence from one end use typicall and ceremoniall superinduced and brought in upon the precept to prove the precept it self ceremoniall and typicall in the institution By the same reason it may be affirmed that both the Covenant of God made with Abraham I will be thy God and the God of thy seed as also the right of the first born for a double port on manie things more of like consideration were merely ceremoniall and typicall seeing that even unto them also were annexed and that by Gods appointment divers typicall and temporall respects of which notwithstanding none soundly minded will deny that the one is euangelicall and the other naturall 3. Considering that the observation of this sabboth was either injoyned as I perswade my self it was from Gen. 2 1 2 3. Exod. 16 26 30. to Adam in innocency and not yet needing Christ or at least that the reason of the institution did fit the state of innocencie as well as it did the Israelites afterward I doe undoubtedly conclude that the same Sabboth in the primarie and essentiall institution thereof is not to come upon their file which as the shadows of future things had Christ for the body Fourthly I argue from that premonition of
and government of the cittie of God and essentiall administration of the same But to give more ful satisfaction to the indifferent reader it seems worth the labour to descend particularly to a few and the same the cheifest objections made on the contrarie behalf And of them that which may and ought to be said touching the Church of Israel its condition compared with the christian churches seems to deserve the first place And touching it first the constitution of the Church of Israel is not to be considered in that whole much lesse apostaticall nation but in holy Abraham from whom it came in whom it was holy as the lump in the first fruits the branches in the holy root and that by vertue of the gratious covenant I will be thy God the God of thy seed first contracted with Abraham himself after renued with his seed whole Israell But now to affirm any such thing of the whole English nation were foolish to prove it impossible 2. God doth not now a daies select seveâ— from others as his peculiar anie whole nation or people as sometimes he did the people of Israel both ecclesiastically civilly but in everie nation they who feare God work righteousnes are accepted of him These in what natioÌ„ soever combyning together in holy covenant and worshiping God after the prescript of his H. word are that holy nation the common wealth of Israel the Israel of God the temple tabernacle of the living God in which he hath promised to dwell these he would have scattered in all places of the world to hould intercourse with the men of the world in the common affairs of this life for their gaming if it may be unto Christ God adding dayly unto the church such as should be saved Whereas on the contrarie unto the church of England whereof all natural English are together at once made members it can hardly be if at all that anie at anie time should be added 3. The verie land of Canaan was legally holy the land of the Lords inheritance whose fruit was to be circumcised her sabbaths kept by the Lords appointment in which alone by divine â—â—ght 〈◊〉 were to be payed And as holy things are not to be mingled with or prostâ—tuted unto prophane so neither was anie place in this land to be permitted unto prophane persons to dwell in The seven prophane nations which formerly had inhabited it were altogether to be destroyed by the Israelites being to possesse it for their inheritance neither was mercie to be shewed them After if any whether born in the land or strangers did ought with an high hand he was to be cut off from among his people Herewith accords that of David the king I will betime destroy all the wicked of the land Lastly â—e that did not seek the Lord God of Israell with all his heart was to be put 〈◊〉 death whether small or great whether man or woman Far be it from Godly princes other potentates in the world to think that it behooveth them in this rigorous manner to deal with their subjects although there want not who partly from a preposterous Iudaizeing zeal partly to serv their own ambition cease not to inculcate unto the kings of the earth above that is meet the examples of the kings of Iudah 4. It is not true that the kings of Iudah or Israel did constâ—â—yn any into the church by force or compel them to undergo the condition of members but only being members to do their dutie All the Israelâ—tes and posteritie of Iakob had their part in the Lords covenant unto which also they were bound to stand under perill of cutting off from the Lords people both spiritually bodily according to the dispensation of the ould Testament in the land of Canaan But of this our question is not for the present That neither is to be considered whether king David Salomon Iehosaphat others did force circumcision other Mosaicall institutions upon the Edomâ—tes Ammonites and others by them subdued held in civill subjection or whether they compelled them by coactive lawes would they nould they fit or unfit into the Church of God That this was so cannot be affirmed with modestie which yet except it so were hath nothing in it which eâ—ther can hurte our cause or help our adversaries Lastly he who well weigheth with himself what legall and typicall holines was in use of old in Israel shadowing out the true spâ—ritual holines and withall by how much both the more clear revelat on of heavenly things more plenteous grace of the spirit â—s afforded to the churches since Christ then was formerly to Israel he shall see manie things making for the tolerating of much in Israel which in us 〈◊〉 plainly intollerable and that God will not use that patience long-suffering towards any church now nor permit or wink at those things in it which for the hardnes of their hearts he bore in that ancient people The parable of the tares Matth. 13. followeth with which as with some thunderboult men both learned and unlearned think us beaten all to fitters But first these words Let both grow togither till the harvest v. 30. froÌ„ which alone they do dispute Christ the Lord doth not expound nor meddle with in the opening of the parable from them therefore nothing firm can be concluded 2. Christ himâ—elf interprets the feild not the Churh but the world v. 38. as also the harvest not the end of the Church but of the world v. 39. And if by the world you understand the Church you must needs say that Christ in the expounding of one parable used another 3. Both the text it self reason of the thing do plainly teach that he doth not speak at all of excommunication which servs for the bettering of the tares but of their finall rooting up to perdâ—tion Lastly admit Christ spake of men apparently wicked in the Church either not to be excommunicated in certain cases which with Gellius Snecanus I confidently denie or not excommunicated as they ought to be therefore to be born of private members the former of which is too ordinarie especially in Churches enjoying peace prosperitie the latter of which the Church not being desperately bent on evill I easily assent to yet doth this place affoard no medicine for our grief which ariseth not from any corrupt or negligent administration of the Churches discipline thorough the carâ—lesnes or want of wisdom it may be too much wisdom such as it is of the administers thereof which are personall things but from the verie constitution of the church it self subject of ecclesiasticall both government and power Yea I ad unto all these things that we for our parts are willing in the busines and controversie in hand to appeal unto the tribunall of this verie parable and that
A IVST AND NECESSARIE APOLOGIE OF CERTAIN CHRISTIANS no lesse contumeliously then commonly called Brownists or Barrowists By Mr. IOHN ROBINSON Pastor of the English Church at Leyden first published in Latin in his and the Churches name over which he was set after translated into English by himself and now republished for the speciall and common good of our own Countrimen Psal. 41. 2. O Blessed is he that prudently attendeth to the poore-weakling Printed in the yeere of our Lord M.DC.XXV A Iust and Necessarie APOLOGIE THE cryme of Heresy none ought patiently to indure sayd Ierom of ould and that not without cause For whereas in other accusations eyther a mans goods or good name or bodily life at the most is indaungered in this the life of the soul which fayth is commeth in question But well it is for the servants of Iesus Christ that they have him their gratious Lord and Saviour for their Iudg by whose alone judgment notwithstanding all mens prejudices they shall stand or fall for ever And if any others any where surely I and they with me have need to get this divine comfort deeplie printed in our hearts whose profession giues occasion to many as doth our condition liberty unto all to spare no severitie of censure upon us Four sorts of heavie freinds we have found and felt in sorrowfull experience wheresoever we have become The first whereof is the unhallowed multitude who living without God in the world and walking themselvs perversly and in the workes of darknes cannot but hate as the light it self so all those who haue receaved grace of God to walke therein with good conscience And as the Apostles in their dayes were everie where most vexed with the hatred of the unbeleeving Iewes their own countrymen so are we by the like of ours like mynded Of whom whilst the most do want their countrie for causes so unlike unto ours no marvayl though there be no better concurrance of eyther affection or action between us The second is of them who are enamoured on that Romish Hierarchie as on a stately and potent Ladie Against which and for the holy presbyteriall government as Christs institution by his Apostles whilst we doe in word and deed give a free full testimonie alasse with how many and how great waves of affliction are we overwhelmed by their â—atred and power Demâ—trius of Ephesus with his Silver-smiths was of all other men to the Apostle Paul opposing himself to the Majestie of Diana and theâ—â— profit withall the most infestuous And who will marvayl if we nothing obsequioâ—s to the Hierarchicall Diana in her self magnificent enough enough advantageable unto hers be abhominable unto this kinde of people aboue all others even Atheists Papists and most flagitious persons not excepted whom they haue devout enough and over unto that Goddesse A third kinde is of those who so servily inbondage themselues and their consciences either to the edicts of Princes or to the determinations of certaine doctors or to both these jointly as that they think nothing well done in case of Râ—ligion which eyther these teach not or they commaund not and on the other side almost any thing warrantable which is commended by the one of them or commaunded by the other And as of these some are so transported with waâ—pish zeale as they can scarcely without a fit of an ague eyther speak to or think of him who a litle steps out of their troad so others of them are so cunning and wote so well how to make their market that though they be indeed almost like mynded with us in all things yet do they vehemently affect unchristian emnitie with us not because they themselues judge us so deserving but others whom therein they think it a poynt of their wisdom to gratify The fourth and last sorte are they who through credulitie and lightnes of beleif haue their ears open to the false and feigned suggestions of slaunderous tongues These men whilst they are over good and easie towards the evill and injurious unto whom they give credence become injurious themselus to the good and innocent though in truth it be hard to say unto which of three they doe the greatest wrong whether to their brethren of whom they causelesly conceaue amisse whilst either they greedily devour or easily receave such false reports vituperies as venemous tongues spit out against them or to their own souls which they thereby make accessorie to others mallice or to the calumniators themselus whom they put in heart to go bouldly on in reproaching the innocent whilst they know where to finde receavers for their slaunders as do theeues for their stoln goods Now alasse what sufficient bulwark of defence haue we poore people to oppose unto the violence of so many and mightie adversaries First and most as a brazen wall 〈◊〉 consâ—â—ence before God and men so farre as humain frailtie will permit pure and unsteyned Next thine equanimitie joyned with wisdom godly and christian Reader for whose cause we haue peâ—â—ed and published this our just and necessarie defence lest being circumvented by prejudice thou mayst happen to hate that whereof thou art ignorant then which nothing in Tertullians judgment is more uniust no not though the thing in it self iustly deserue hatred By this we do earnestly crave that as thou safely mayst so thou wilst ingenuously passe sentence upon us and our profession and not by the unsavourie reportes eyther in word or writing of our adversaries whomsoever who do most commonly take libertie to suggest against us underlings not what in truth conscience they should but what eyther fame reporteth or ignorance suspecteth or mallice inventeth or proud contempt deems suiteing with our meannes and simplicitie Two opprobries amongst others infinite haue beene of late by our adversaries cast upon us by which we are not onely occasioned but after a sorte necessitated to the publishing of this our Apologie lest by not resuting such criminations so great and greivous we should seeme to acknowledg a cryme as Cyprian speaketh The former by some of those who in our owne countrie are reputed the cheif Masters and Patrons both of Religion truth by whom there hath been not a flying bruit spread amongst the multitude but a solemn accusation to them in speciall authoritie framed against us First that we lewd Brownists do refuse and reject one of the Sacraments secondly that we haue amongst us no ecclesiasticall ministrie but doe giue libertie to everie mechanicall person to preach publiquely in the church Thirdly that we are in errour about the verie Trinitie Fourthly and lastly that being become so odious to the magistrates here as that we are by violence to be driven the countrie we are now constreyned to seek some other and farr parte of the world to settle in The other contumelie is in a Duch Rhime without name framed it may be and as commonly it comes to passe between the cup and the
publiquely in the Church or privately in the family we refuse not by the grace of God bestowed upon frayl creatures labouring of the same humain infirmities with other men the search and censure of our most bitter adversaries if not destitute of all both honestie and wisdom Touching the reformed Churches what more shall I say We account them the true Churches of Iesus Christ and both professe practise communion with them in the holy things of God what in us lyeth their sermons such of ours frequent as understand the Dutch tongue the sacraments we do administer unto their known members if by occasion any of them be present with us their distractions and other evils we do seriously bewayl and do desire from the Lord their holy and firm peace But happily it wil be objected that we are not like-mynded with them in all things nor do approve of sundry practises in use amongst them if not by publique institution which it seems they want yet by almost universall consent and uniform custome I graunt it neither doubt I but that there are many godly and prudent men in the same churches who also dislike in effect the things which we doe and amongst other things this malâ—part and unbridled bouldnes of unskilfull men who make it a very May-game to passe most rash censure upon the fayth and so by consequence upon the eternall salvation of their brethren and to impeach their credit whom they neither do nor perhaps willingly would know lest that which they lust to condemn unknown they should be constreyned to allow if they once knew it and withall to disallow that into which they themselvs haue been led formerly by common errour of the times Which maladie is also so frequent and ordinarie as that it may truely be said of many that they then think themselus most acceptable unto God when they can make their brethren differing from them in some smaller matters most odious unto men This rageing plague except the Lord God in mercie asswage and bend the mindes of godly and modest men the Ministers of his word to put to their helping hand that way it wiâ— without all doubt come to passe which God forbid that the multitude of Christians will come to judg of their estate with the Loâ—â— not so much by the christian vertues which themselvs indeed have as which they imagine others want But that it may appear unto thee Christian Reader wherein 〈◊〉 do dissent from the Dutch reformed Churches and upon whaâ— grounds and that none may take occasion of suspicion that the things are either greater or more absurd for which those hatefulâ— Brownists are had by many in such detestation then indeed anâ— truth they are I will breifly as I can present unto thy christian veiâ— either all or the most our greatest differences with the groundâ— thereof CHAP. I. Of the largenes of Churches AND first it is evident that the most especially cittie-churches are so great and populous as that two or three diveâ— temples are not sufficient for one and the same Church to meetâ— at once We on the contrarie so judg that no particular churcâ— under the New Testament ought to consist of more members theâ— can meet together in one place because 1. The Holy Scriptures speaking definitely of the politicall or ministeriall commonly called visible church instituted by Christ and his Apostles by his power understand none other then onâ— congregation convening and comming together ordinarie at least in one place Math. 18 17 20. gathered together in my name wiâ—â— 1 Corinth 5 4. when you are come together Act. 2 44. Alâ— that beleeved were together and chap. 5 12. They were all with one accord in Salomons porch Also chap. 6 2 5. and chap. 13 1 2. with â—4 27. and 14 23. with Tit. 1 5. Act. 15 4 22 25. and 21 22. So 1 Corinth 11 20. when yee therefore come together in one to wit place not minde as some conceipt for from that the Corinthians were to far and lastly chap. 14 23. If the whole church come together into some place 2. There is then had the most full and perfit communion of the body in the holy things of God which is the next and immediate end of the visible Church when all the members thereof do convene and assemble together in some one place And if nature as Philosophers teach ever intend that which is most persit much more grace Now that the church commonly called visible is then most truely visible indeed when it is assembled in one place and the communion thereof then most full and intire when all its members inspired as it were with the same presence of the holy ghost do from the same Pastor recâ—av the same provocations of grace at the same time and in the same place when they all by the same voice banding as it were together do with one accord pour out their prayers unto God when they all participate of one and the same holy bread and lastly when they all together consent unanimously either in the choice of the same officer or censuring of the same offender no man admitting a due thought of things can make doubt of 3. We have the Apostle Paul giving it in charge to the Elders of everie particular Church as was that of Ephesus that they take heed unto al the flock whereof the holy ghost made them Bishops or overseers to feed the church of God which he hath purchased with his own blood But surely as that flock is verie inordinate if not monstrous which for the largenes thereof neither ever doth nor possibly can feed together so that sheepheard of the Lords flock seemeth not aright and as he ought to fulfill his charge which doth not at the least everie Lords day minister unto the same the wholesom food of Gods word Ad hereunto that in these huge and vast flocks the governers cannot take knowledg of the manners of the people private or publick no nor so much as of their presence at or absence from the church assemblies whereby what domage cometh unto true pietie any man may easily conjecture and miserable experience makes too too manifest in the reformed Churches I conclude therefore since as Iunius sayth it concerneth the Pastour throughly to know the church committed unto him the persons their works and courses without the knowledg of which things he shall profit them no more then a tincking cymball c. that it were a point of good provision both for the conscience of the officers and edification of the people that a division were made of the cittie-churches which by continuall accession of members are thus grown out of kinde into different and distinct congregations under their certain and distinct Pastours and Elders If any object that there is one visible and catholick Church comprehending as the parts thereof all the particular Churches and severall congregations of divers places as there is one Ocean
or Sea diveâ—sly called according to the divers regions by whose shores it passeth and that therefore this matter is not worth labour spending about it I answer First that the Catholick church neither is nor can be called visible since onely things singular are visible and discerned by sence whereas universals or things catholick are either onely in the understanding as some are of minde or as others think better are made such to wit universals by the understanding abstracting from them all circumstanstiall accidents considering that the kindes intelligible have their existence in nature that is in the Individuals 2. The Catholick church with due reverence unto learned ned men be it spoken is verie unskilfully said to be one as the sea is one For first it is expressedly said Gen. 1 9 10. that the waters which were under the heauens were gathered into one place or conceptacle which God called Sea or seas But the Catholick church which is said to comprehend al particular congregations in her bosom is not gathered together into one place nor ever shall be before the glorious coming of Christ. 2. The Ocean is a body so continued as that all and everie part thereof is continually fluent so as the self same waters which in their flux do make one sea do in their reflux by contrarie windes make another and so contrariewise But thus to affirm of particular churches and their materiall constitutive cause were most absurd 3. If some one particular sea were drawn drie or should fail his course a disturbance of all the rest would necessarily follow But and if the sea should in divers places at once happen to be exhausted or drawn drie there would then be a fayling of the Ocean neither were the waters now gathered into one place neither made they one sea and body of water either continued or conjoyned But now on the other side upon the defection or dissipation of this or that particular church no such impediment should come in the way but that the rest might hould their full course as before Yea I adde moreover if all and everie particular assembly in the world should languish and fall away one onely excepted that onely one did still remain the true entire Church of Christ without any either subordination or coordination or dependencie spirituall save unto Christ alone The reason is plain because this singular and sole assembly may under Christ the head use and enjoy everie one of his institutions the communion of Saints combyned together in solemn and sacred covenant the word of God Sacraments Censures and ministrations whatsoever by Christ appointed and therewith the same Christs most gratious presence And upon this ground it is that the Apostle Paul doth intitle the particular congregation which was at Corinth and which properly and immediately he did instruct and admonish to the body of Christ the temple of God and one virgin espoused to one housband Christ. We may not therefore under pretence of antiquitie unitie humain prudence or any colour whatsoever remove the auncient bounds of the visible and ministeriall church which our right fathers to wit the Apostles have set in comparâ—son of whom the most ancient of those which are so called are but infants and beardlesse as one truely and wittily sayth There is indeed one church and as the Apostle speaketh one bodie as one spirit one hope of our calling one sayth one baptism that is of one kinde and nature not one in number as one Ocean Neither was the church at Rome in the Apostles dayes more one with the Church of Corinth then was the baptism of Peter one with Pauls baptism or then Peter and Paul were one Neither was Peter or Paul more one whole intire and perfit man consisting of their parts essentiall and integrall without relation unto other men then is a particular congregation rightly instituted and ordered a whole intire and perfit Church immediately and independently in respect of other Churches under Christ. To conclude since the Pastor is not a minister of some part of a Church but of the whole particular Church Act. 20 28. Attend to the whole Flock or Church whereof the holy Ghost hath made you Bishops c. if the ministers office be to be confined within the circle of a particular congregation then also the ministeriall church it self Now the Pastors office is either circumscribed within these bounds or els the Angell of the Church of Ephesus was also the Angell of the Church of Sâ—â—rna and so the Pastour of this Church is also the Pastour of that and by consequence of all that is everie Pastour is an universall Bishop or Pope by office if not for exeqâ—ution yet for power according to which power we are to judg of the office What then will some man say Is it not lawfull for a Pastour to exequute his pastorall office but in the congregation over which he is set I answer with the Apostle No man taketh this honour unto himself but he thatâ— is called of God as Aaron Hebr. 5 3 4. It is not lawfull for thee reverend brother to do the work of a Pastour where thou art no Pastour lest thou arrogate to thy self that honour which apperteyns not unto thee Thou art called that is elected and ordeyned a Pastour of some particular Church and not of all churches It is not onely lawfull but requisite that the Pastour of one Church or â—aither he that is the Pastour and so any other member imparte the gift either spirituall or bodily which he hath receaved to other churches out of the common bond of charitie in which he is obliged not so to exequute a publique office over them by the prerogative of authoritie which he hath not but onely over his owne We will illustrate this by a similitude Any citizen of Leydâ—n may enjoy certain priveledges in the cittie of Delph by vertue of the politick combination of the united provinces and cittie under the supream heads thereof the States generall which he is bound also to help and assist with all his power if necessitie require but that the ordinarie magistrate of Leyden should presume to exequute his publique office in the cittie of Delph were an insolent and unheard of usurpation The verie same and not otherwise is to be said of Pastors and particular Churches in respect of that spirituall combination mutuall under their chief and sole Lord Iesus Christ. CHAP. II. Of the administration of Baptism THE Dutch Reformed Churches as is evident by their practise compared with then profession are neither so true unto their own grounds as they ought neither do they so well provide for the dignitie of the thing whilst they administer the Sacrament of Baptism to the infants of such as are not within the Covenant nor have either parent a member of any Church because 1. Baptism now as circumcision of ould is the seal of the covenant of God with the faythfull and their seed
I will be thy God and the God of thy seed Genes 17 9. and the seal of the righteousnes of fayth Rom. 4 11. and is one as there is one sayth and one baptism Ephes. 4 4 5. and therefore ought not to be administred to others then those within the compasse of the same covenant nor but upon fayth coming between either of the partie to be baptized or of one parent at the least If any shall answer that this gratious promise of God is not to be restreined to the next immediate children but is extended euen to those who follow a faâ—r off I grant it except infidelitie or other sin come between by which the parents with themselvs break off their seed externally actually from the coÌ„munion of the church holy things thereof And if we be not to insist in the next and immediate parent why in the grand-father or great-grand-father and so for the rest till we climbe up as high as to Noâ—h himself Whereupon it should follow that not the Infants of Iewes nor of Turks no nor of Gentiles neither should have baptism denyed them Surely the grace of Christ must needs be universall and wherein all have interest if the seal thereof apperteyn unto all Neither should the Church amongst whose sacred furniture Baptism is by this rule be any more the house of God peculiar to his children and servants but more like a common In whose doore stands wide open to all that passe by the high way 2. The Apostle 1 Corinth 7 14. upon this ground that the one parent is a beleever avoweth the childe holy which otherwise he pronounceth impure in respect of the Covenant and holynes thereof leaving unto God his secret judgments Now what have the impure and unhallowed to do with the holy things of God And what hath the Pastour and sheepheard in holy things to do with them who are no portion of the Lords flock What have I to doe sayth the Apostle to judg them that are without Do not ye judg them that are within So reverend brethren what have you to do to baptize them that are without do you not baptize them that are within and them alone In the number of whom yet you reckon not those infants though baptized by you nor belonging to your charge Whence also God knoweth it cometh to passe for the most part that they who are thus by you baptized into the name of the Lord are by their godlesse parents education made the servants of Sathan 3. The Baptism of Infants in all soundnes of judgment serveth and that immediately for the comfort of their godly parents whose hearts it filleth with no small joy whilst they behould the gratious promise of God made to them and their seed ratified and confirmed by this seal even as of ould the circumcision of Isaak was granted and injoyned by God unto Abraham his and our father first and immediately for the confirmation of his fayth Whence I conclude that the seal of the righteousnes of faith which baptism is doth no more belong to the seed of godlesse parents then doth the comfort flowing from the righteousnes of fayth unto the parents themselvs Whom as it would effectually move to more serious and sad thoughts of their own estate with God if they beheld their infants so dear unto them excluded thorough their default from the comfortable â—eal of Gods Covenant so can they not but by the undue administration of the same take occasion of hardening themselvs in their accustomed perversnes I conclude then with Tertullian speaking as Iunius interprets him of the children of such as were strangers from the covenant of God Let them come when they are grown to yearâ—s let them when they have learned and are taught wherefore they come let them then be made Christians when they can know Christ. CHAP. III. Of written Leyturgies VVE cannot but mislike that custome in use by which the Pastour is wont to repeat and read out of a prayer-book certayn formes for his and the Churches prayers and that for these reasons 1. Because this externall mean and manner of worshiping God in prayer is no where found in the written word by the prescript whereof alone he is to be worshipped whatsoever either the Iewes fable of the Leyturgie of Ezra or the Papists of S. Peters or S. Iames Leyturgies Yea contrariwise I add for overplusse that it did not seem good to the Apostles the last penmen of the 〈◊〉 ghost that any such prescript form for such end should come in use in the churches And this seemeth unto me verie clear from the former Epistle of Paul to Timothy chap. 2 1 2. The kings of the earth in those dayes and such as were in authoritie under them being as it were so many sworn enemies of the name of Christ this conceipt might easily and it seems did creepe into the mindes of divers Christians that these kindes of men were raither to be prayed against then for by the servants of Christ. And now what was the medicine prescribed by the Apostle for this maladâ—e in that Epistle written to Timothy for that verie end that he might know how to converse in the church of God Did he now either send Timothy to any Leyturgie formerly let forth for his own and others daâ—â—tion Or did he himself frame any for the purpose whose bâ—â—ten troad the Churches following afterwards should not erre Nothing lesse although a more â—it and full occasion for that busines scarce be offered which without doubt Paul would â—o more have lâ—t slip thâ—n did the other Apostles thâ—t which was more light for the introduction of Deacons if â—t had seemed good to thâ— H. Ghost by whose singeâ— he was guided in the ordering of the Churches that any such book-prayer should have come into use Three things especially are objected which must here be cleared The first is that David and other Prophets penned the book of Psalmes for the mother Church of Israell The second that Christ himself delivered to his disciples a certain form of prayer commonly called The Lords prayer The third that Moses from the Lord Numb 6. gave direction to Aaâ—on and his sonnes in what form of words they should blesse the children of Israel I answer first generally that the consequence followeth not from the authoritie of Christ and of Moses and of the Apostles in ordeyning these and these forms of divine worship for the like authoritie in ordinance Bishops and Pastours to ordeyn other and divers forms for the same end What can be spoken more insolently Christ the Lord Moses the Prophets and Apostles being immediately and infallibly guided by the spirit of Christ have prescribed certain set formes of Gods worship therefore others though not immediately and infallibly guided by the same spirit may also prescribe them Why may they not by this argumentation as well frame us a new Canon of holy Scriptures considering that even thâ—se verie
formes wherewith also they equalize their own are parts and portions of the same Scriptures More particularly And first for Psalms I deny that there is thâ— same reason of a prayer and of a Psalm or whereupon the difference hangeth that singing and praying are all one For the question is not which I desire the Reader once for all to beaâ—â—â—n minde eyther of the internall affection of him which singeth or prayeth or of the subject matter of the song or prayer but of the externall act and exercise of praying and singing Now these two exercises both the holy Scriptures and common sence in everie man that pleaseth but to open his eyes and look upon them do plainly difference For first if to sing be to pray then whosoever singeth prayeth but how far from truth this is the Psalmes of David 1 2 and many others in which not the least parcell of prayer is to be found do plainly evince 2. Is any man sad amongst you sayth the Apostle let him pray is he merry let him sing To pray then and to sing are not the same nor which do agree to wit primarily with the same constitution of the minde 3. In prayer the Pastours voyce is onely heard unto which the people as the Apostle teacheth are to add their Ameâ— but in singing all the multitude have as well their part for tunable voice as the pastour himself Neyther can divers possibly sing together without confusion but by a certain and set form both of words and syllables which yet may be done in church prayer and is everie where 4. We have the same Apostle els where teaching us thus Speaking to your selvs in Psalms Hymnes and spiritual songs c. And again Let the word of Christ dwell in you plenteously with all wisdom teaching and admonishing yourselvs mutually in Psalms Hymns c. In singing then we doe speak to our selvs or one to another mutually but in praying neither to our selvs nor to our brethren but unto God alone And the reason hereof is evident When as we read or sing the Psalms of David for what other thing is it to sing out of a book then to read with a loud and harmonious voice of which Harmonie singing is a kinde these self same Psalms in this verie use do still remain and so are read or sung as a part of the word of God in the holy Scriptures and in which God speaketh unto us whereas on the other side we do speak unto God in all our prayers whether mentall onely or vocall withall 5. Even these verie Psalmes whose matter is prayer and thanksgiving were framed and composed by the prophets into Psalms and spirituall songs for this verie end that the men of God might in them teach us as in the written word of God whereof they are parts both what petitions they in their distresses put up to the Lord and also what thanksgiving they returned upon their deliverance that so we in reading singing them might instruct and admonish ourselvs both publiquely privatly whether by way of doctrine or admonition or consolation for the promoteing of the glorie of God in our hearts Lastly that I may discend unto them who are onely taught by experience If any going out of the temple whâ—lst the Church were singing a Psalm either before or after sermon being asked of one that met him what the church were then doing should answer that it were at prayer would he not be judged by all men to tell a ly But altogether without cause if to sing be to pray as many imagine Touching the Lords prayer We deny it to be the meaning of Christ teaching his dise ples when they pray to say Our father c. to binde them and the Holy Ghost in them by which they ought to pray to a certain form of words sillables which they should repeat by heart or which is our question read out of a book Because 1. the two Euangelists Matthew and Luke of whom both the one and other did aright both understand and expresse the meaning of Christ do not precisely keep the same words 2. By these words when you pray is meant whensoever you pray whereupon it should follow that we were tyed to this stint of words alone and alwaies and so might lawfully use none other except it be lawfull for us sometimes to pray raither by the levell of our own devâ—se then of Christs prescript The words therefore of Cyprian are good in a good sence To pray otherwise then Christ hath taught is not onely ignorance but guilt seeing he himself hath sayd you reject the precept of God that you may observ your own tradition 3. Amongst the manie and manifould prayers of the Apostles to be seen in the holy scriptures this form of words is not found and yet can it not be denyed but they alwaies prayed as they were taught in this place by their Master Christ whose meaning therefore it could not be to tye them necessarily to anie such certain of words 4. It appears by the context that the purpose of Christ is to speak of private or raither secret prayer and such as everie Christian apart from others and in his closet with the doore shut unto him should pour out unto the Lord. Now that one alone and by himself should say Our father seems not verie congtuous Lastly seeing of the like there is the like consideration If the Apostle Iames in these words Go to now ye that say to day or to morrow we will goe into such a cittie c. and vers 15. For that ye ought to say if the Lord will we shall live and doe this or that do neither simplie fault with the form of words nor prescribe necessarily anie other but onely to use Calvins words wakens them from their dream who without respect of the divine providence will make themselvs maysters of a whole yeare when there is not a moment in their power so neither are we to conceav that our Saviour Christ Math. 6. and Luke 11 doth injoin unto his anie set words to pray in but onely shewes whither all our prayers and vowes ought to be referred as with all other orthodox writers about this matter the said Author speaketh howsoever divers unsâ—kilfull men cease not still to sing unto us euen to loathsomnes the song when you pray say as the Papists do theirs This is my bodie as though the controversie were about the words and not raither about the meaning of them But for that we are verie odiously traduced by divers as abhorring from this form and that we will not as they use to speak say the Lords prayer I will in few and plain terms set down what our judgment is about it 1. And seeing that as the Poet hath it the names do commonly suit with the things we may see and sorrow withall in the phrases in common use about this most Christian
so to do sundrie things by vertue of their office but because that is not sufficient neither do they indeed fulfill their publique and church office office which in the Lord they have receaved except as privately and and in their consistorie so also and that specially publiquely and in the face of the congregation they exequute the same 2. The Apostle beseecheth them of Thessalonica that they would in love highly esteem for their works sake not onely them which laboured among them to wit in doctrine but them also which were over them in the Lord and admonished them But of the work of their Elders which govern the Reformed churches must needs be ignorant neither doe or can they know whether they be good or bad Their pastours they do prosequute with due love honour out of their own certain knowledg of them and their work but their Elders onely by hearsay Lastly the same Apostle warneth the Elders of â—phesus that they attend take heed to the whole flock in which they were made Bishops But it cannot be that he should ministerially as he ought feed the whole church whose voice the greatest part thereof never so much as once heareth To lead or receav a sheâ—p now and then into the sheepfould to confirm one that is weak or correct one that strayeth and that apart from the flock is in no wise to feed the whole flock as the Apostle requireth And that this point may be made the more plain let us discend unto some such particulars as in which the Elders office seemeth specially to consist And they are the admitting of members into the church upon profession of faith made and the reproving and censuring of obstinate offenders whether sinning publiquely or privately with scandall As we willingly leave the exequut on and administration of these things to the Elders alone in the setled and well ordered state of the church so do we deny plainly that they are or can be rightly and orderly done but with the peoples privatâ—e and consent For the first Christ the Lord gave in charge to his Apostles to preach in his name remission of sins and therewith life eternall and that such Iewes or Gentiles as should beleiv and repent viz. professe holily faith and repentance for to judg of the heart is Gods prerogative they should receav into the fellowship of the Church and baptize And that these all and everie of them were publiquely and in the face of the congregation to be administred the Acts of the Apostles do plentâ—ously make known And if Baptism the consequent of the confession of faith in them baptized and the badg of our consociation with Christ and his Church be to be celebrated publiquely why is not the profession of saith proportionably although by the formerly baptized through a kinde of unorderly anticipation to be made publiquely also and therewithall the consociation ecclesiasticall as the former The covenant privately made and the sâ—al publiquely annexed are disproportionate I further add that since persons admitted into the Church are by the whole bodie if not of enemies at least of strangers become and are to be reputed bâ—ethren â—n Christ most nearly joyned and they with whom they are to call upon one common Father publiquely to participate of one holy bread and with whom they are to have all things even bodily goods after a sort common as everie one hath need it seemeth most equall that not onely the Presbyters the churches servants under Christ but the whole commonaltie also should take knowledg in their persons both of their holy profession of faith and voluntarie submission made as unto Christ himself so to his most holy institutions in his Church To come to the second head And 1. those who sin that is with publique scandall rebuke publiquely sayth the Apostle that others also may fear And if the Elders themselvs of whom he speaketh for whose credit the greatest care is to be taken much more any other as Beza rightly observeth And that not for this cause alone that when the punishment comes to one the fear might reach unto many which yet wise men in all publique exequutions would haue carefully provided for but also that both he that so sinneth may be the more ashamed and others both within and without may withall take knowledg how litle indulgent the Church is to her own dearest ones in their enormous sins 2. With this also it well conforteth that Christ the onely Doctour of his Church would haue not onely sins scandalous committed in publique publiquely reproved and before the multitude but even those which are private obstinately persisted in when he saith Tell the Church c. I am not ignorant how diversly divers men do interpret these words whilst some by the Church do understand the civill come of the Magistrate others the Hierarchicall Bishop with his officials others the senate of Elders excluding the people And thus whilst these strive for the power and name withall of the church amongst themselvs the church indeed and which Christ the Lord meaneth is well nigh stripped both of power and name The first of these three interpretations I will not trouble my self with as being almost of all and that worthily expleded and rejected and aboundantly refuted by divers learned men the two latter are to be aslauâ—tâ—d with almost the same weapons The former of these two though it be in it self the more different from Christs meaning yet comes it in this circumstance now in consideration the nearer the truth in our judgment considered in its exequution since neither the Bishops nor their officials Chauncelours Commisaries or other Court-keepers do exclude the people from their consistories and courts but to offer themselvs in their publique judgments and censures to the veâ—w of all who please to be present thereat And I think 〈…〉 of either amongst Gentiles or Iewes or Christians be it spoken without offence before this last age that publique judgments and other acts of publique nature as these are should be privately exercised and without the peoples privitie It was not so in Israel of ould where by Gods appointment the Elders were to sit and judg in the gates of the cittie nor in the synagogues themselvs from which manie are of minde how truly I will not say that the Christian Eldership was derived after the Roman tyrannie had confined into them the Iewes civill conventions and judgments nor in the primative church no not in some ages after the Apostles as might easily be proved out of Tertullian Cyptian and others if I would trie the matter in that court but it is much more safe as Austin saith to walke by the divine Scriptures And first the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 church originally Greek answering to the Hebrew 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 doth primarily and properly signifie a convention of citizens called from their houses by the publâ—que câ—yer either to hear some publique
and endowments of the holy Ghost together with their incomparable both pietie prudence by which they were both most able and willing to promote the Christian faith in holynes And although this constant and uniform both practise and institution of the Apostles unto divers politick persons swelling with pride of fleshly reason dispising Apostolicall simplicitie and who as â—â—eneus speaks would be rectifiers of the Apostles seem worthie of light regard yet to us who beleiv with Theodoret that we ought to rest in the Apostolicall and propheticall demonstrations and who with Tertullian do adore the fulnes of the Scriptures they seem of singular weight and moment And whilst I consider with my self in the fear of God how it was the Apostles duetie to teach the disciples of Christ to observ whatsoever he commanded them and how the Apostle Paul testifieth that even the things which he wrote touching order and comlynes to be observed in the church-exercises were the commandements of the Lord as also how the same Apostle clearly professeth that he and his fellow officers were onely to be reputed as ministers and ambassadours of Christ to whom therefore in the exequution of their office it was not permitted to do or speak the least thing which they had not in charge from him it is unto me a matter of great scruple and conscience to depart one hair-breadth extraordinarie accidents ever excepted from their practise institution in any thing truely ecclesiasticall though never so small in it self whatsoever by whomsoever and with what colour soever is invented and imposed touching the government of the church which is the house and tabernacle of the living God And a partner in this faith I do hope to live and die and to appear before Iesus Christ with bouldnes in that great and fearfull day of his coming I add that seeing the Christian congregation as the spouse of Christ free and ingenuous hath the church officers whosoever as Christ Iesus her housbands so also her servants for Iesus sake whom under Christ she trusteth with her eternall salvation and unto whom for their labour shee oweth wages for releif and maintenance Considering also how much it makes both to whet on the diligence of the ministers and to inforce the diligence of the people whilst these on the one side consider with themselvs how they have them set over them whom above others themselvs have liked and made choice of and they on the other side that they are set over those by whom they before others were made choice of and elected that which Cyprian hath seemeth most equall and of institution morall and unchangeable that the commonaltie fearing God keeping his commaundements should have the speciall hand either in chusing of worthie Preists or ministers or of rejecting the unworthie which also saith he we see to be founded upon divine authoritie The same is to be held of excommunication Seeing that it behooveth the Christian multitude to avoide the fellowship of the excommunicated not onely in the course of religion but even in common and familiar conversation the rights of nature familie and common wealth ever kept inviolated and that whom yesterday I was to repute a brother near and dear in Christ to morrow I must hould as an Heathen and Publican and as for the destruction of the flesh delivered to Sathan who is so unequall a judg as not to think it a most equall thing that the multitude should clearly and undoubtedly take knowledg both of the heynousnes of the crime and incorrigeable contumacie of the person after the use of all means and remedies for reclayming him This if it be not done then doth not the church herein live by her own but by her officers faith neither are her governers to be reputed as servants but Lords unto her neither do they exercise their office popularâ—lie in the church as they ought but tyrannicallie as they ought not by Chrisostoms verdit His words are these He who bears himself upon an externall and worldly power because he rules legally and that men must of necessitie obey him doth oft times and that not without cause exercise authoritie against the will and wel-liking of his subiects But on the other side he who will be over those who voluntarily submit unto him and can him thank and yet will presume to do things as himself liketh as if he were to give account to none other thereof that man raither exerciseth his authorâ—tie tyrannically then popularly The Lord God put it into the hearts of those who bear greatest sway in the reformed churches to indeavour the furnishing of the same with such Elders as may both fully and constantly and popularly discharge their place for the peace of their own conscâ—ences before God the edification of the Churches over which they are set as also for the abateing if not abolishing of that contempt in which Prelatâ—sts and supercilious persons use to hould these lay-Elders as they call them But now lest any should take occasion either by the things here spoken by us or els where of us to conceave that we either exercise amongst our selvs or would thrust upon others any popular or democraticall Church-government may it please the Christian Reader to make estimate of both our judgment and practise in this point according to these three declarations following First we beleev that the externall Church-government under Christ the onely mediatour and monarch thereof is plainly aristocraticall and to be administred by some certain choice men although the state which manie unskilfully confound with the government be after a sort popular and democraticall By this it apperteyns to the people freely to vote in elections and judgments of the church in respect of the other we make account it behoves the Elders to govern the people even in their voting in just libertie given by Christ whatsoever Let the Elders publiquely propound and order all things in the church so give their sentence on them let them reprove them that sin convince the gain-sayers comfort the repentant and so administer all things according to the prescript of Gods word Let the people of faith give their assent to their Elders holy and lawfull administration that so the ecclesiasticall elections and censures may be ratified and put into solemn exequution by the Elders eyther in the ordination of officers after election or excommunication of offenders after obstinacie in sin 2. We doubt not but that the Elders both lawfully may and necessarily ought and that by vertue of their office to meet apart at times from the bodie of the Church to deliberate of such things as concern her welfare as for the preventing of things unnecessarie so for the preparing according to just order of things necessarie so as publiquely and before the people they may be prosequuted with most conveniencie and least trouble that may be 3. By the people whose libertie and right in voteing
nature of the principall For example Let the principall as they speak be some naturall good thing the verie least accessorie or circumstance by which this principall is rightly and orderly furthered and promoted undergoes also the consideration of a naturall good The same rule houlds in actions civill much more in the things which appertein to religion and Gods worship I therefore conclude that the least â—ite or ceremonie serving rightly and orderly to further the principall act and exercise of religion doth worthily obteyn after a sort the respect and denomination of a religious and ecclesiasticall good thing which principall act if it do not truely and effectually promote and advance it is a vain addition at the best beseeming onely vain purposes and persons which worship God in vain teaching for doctrines mens traditions seeing whatsoever is to be done in the church is also and first to be taught that so it may be done 2. Whatsoever hath being in nature is some certain thing first and properly and to be reduced to some certain and distinct head Now all things whatsoever in use either in or about Gods worship may and must be referred necessarilie to some one of these three heads Eyther they are things naturall and simplie necessarie to the exercise of which sort are the naturall circumstances of time and place without which no finite action can be performed also for the administring of Baptism either a fonte or other vessell to hould water and so for other adjoints absolutely necessarie for the administring of the holy things of the Church or secondly they are things civill and comely as for example A convenient place in which the church may conveniently and comelily meet together not a stable or swynestye also that habit of the minister that coveting of the L. Table those ministring vessels and other accessories and appurtâ—nances whatsoever without which the holy things of God cannot be dispensed so â—â—villy and comely as is meet Or lastly they are properly things sacred and holy and by consequence parts of externall divine worship and the same either commaunded by God and so lawfull or of mans devise therefore superstâ—tâ—ous Now if any shall further ask me what power then I ascribe eyther to the civill magistrate or Church-governors for makâ—ng lawes about things indifferent I answer touching Church-governers first being to treat by and by of the Magistrate that no such power to speak properly belongs unto them as being not Lords but servants of the church under Christ the onely Lord thereof exercising as saith Austin from Christ and the Apostles a mâ—mbâ—â—â— not a Lordship and who therefore are to learn if ther will be câ—ment with their 〈◊〉 Which 〈◊〉 them that a 〈◊〉 better becomes them then asâ—pter as Bernard speaketh For to â—â—ake lawes by all mens graunt belongs to them and them onely who do swey â—â—â—pters 〈…〉 Lords 〈…〉 Moreover the holy scriptures everie where teach that the highest Church-officers and governers are but ambassadours of God and interpreters and proclaymers or cryers of his word But neither 〈…〉 nor interpreter nor cryer no nor the herald the most honourable of all proclaimers or publishers of Edicts can commaund any thing 〈◊〉 of the least matter by his own authoritie as lunius sayth rightly It is certain that the governers of Churches do stand in need of wisdom and discretion for the applying determining of the common rules of order and comlynes taken from the Scripture and common sense to certain cases and according to certain circumstances But what makes this for the power of making lawes in the Church which as M. Perkins makes account is a part of Christs prerogative royall considering withall that neyther the Church not the meanest member thereof is further bound unto these their determinations then they apper to agree with order and comlines neither are the ministers in any thing at all as are the magistrates in manie things to be obeyed for the authoritie of the commaunder but for the reason of the commaundment which the ministers are also bound in duetie to manifest approve unto the consciences of hâ—m over whom they are set CHAP. XI Of civill Magistrates VVE beleev the verie same touching the civill Magistrate with the Belgick reformed Churches and willingly subscribe to their confession and the more because what is by many restreyned to the Christian Magistrate they extend indefinitely and absolutely to the Magistrate whomsoever And that surely upon good ground seeing the magistracie is one the power the same whether the person be christian or heathen neither is there wanting in an heathen magistrate that he might rule as he ought authoritie of order but will of person neither is his power increased by the accession of christianitie but onely sanctified as is first his person The Prince rules over his subjects as he is a Prince and they subjects simply not as faithfull or christian he or they Onely Christ the Lord of our faith hath the faithfull as faithfull for his subjects neither are the subjects of Kings as subjects â—ame part of the church but of the kingdom Besides there is one and the same christian faith of the Prince and subject and all things common unto both which spring from the same seeing that in Christ Iesus there is neither servant nor freeman I ad neither magistrate nor subject but all are one in him As therefore none no not the least power of publique administrat on comes to the subjects by their christianitie to neither is the Princes thereby at all increased And indeed how can it The magistrate thoughâ—-Heathen hath power as the minister of God for the good of his subjects to command and procure in and by good and lawfull manner and means whatsoever apperteines either to their naturall or spirituall life so the same be not contrarie to Gods word upon which word of God if it beat God forbid that the christian magistrate should take libertie to use or rather abuse his authoritie for the same which yet if he do eyther the one or other whether by commanding what God forbids or by forbidding what God commaunds seeing it comes by the fault of the person not of the office the subject is not fâ—â—ed from the bond of allegiance but as still tyed to obedience as active for the doing of the thing commanded if it be lawfull so passive if unlawfull by suffering patiently the punishment though unjustly inflicted Lastly if anie civill and coactive power in things whether civill or ecclesiasticall come to the magistrate by his christianity then if it so fall out that he make defection from the same whether by idolatrie or heresie or profanes it must follow that thereupon his kingly power is dimâ—nished and abridged whereby how wide a window or gate rather would be opened to sedâ—tions subjects under pretext specially catholick religion to taise tumults in kingdoms no man can be ignorant CHAP. XII Of the
who are called and accounted the people of God do bear as it were in their forheads the name of God whereupon it cannot but come to passe that before men even God himself after a sort should be steyned with their filth And this I deem the raither to be observed seeing that there are to be found and these not a few who would thrust upon the churches of our thrice holy Lord a verie stage-like holynes stoutly striveving to make it good that to constitute a true and lawfull member of the visible church no more is required then that a man with his mouth confesse Christ although in his works he plainly declare himself to be of the synagogue of Sathan But what saith the holy spirit of these impure spirits They professe they know God saith the Apostle but in their works they deny him being abhominable and rebellious and to everie good work reprobate Are abhominable persons to be brought into the temple of God rebellious persons into the kingdom of God such as are reprobate unto everie good work into the familie of God which is as it were the Storehouse of all good works If anie one that is called a brother be a fornicatour or covetous or idolatour or rayler or drunkard or extortioner or anie waie a wicked one such a one by the Apostles direction is to be expelled and driven out of the churches confines And seeing that as one truly saith It is a matter of greater contumelie to thrust out then to keep out a guest with what conscience can such plagues be receaved into the church to the purgeing out wherof the same church furnished for that end with the power of Christ stands in conscience bound or by what authoritie I pray can such persons be compelled into the bosom of the spouse of Christ as for the expelling of whom far from her fellowship imbraceing all authoritie ought to conspire He that saith he hath fellowship with God and walks in darknes is a lyer and doth not truly Profession of Christ therefore with the mouth in those that work the works of darknes and so by consequence that by which a man is raither branded for a naturall child of the divell then marked for a true member of the Church Lastly David that holy man of God and tipe of Christ doth holily professe that he who works deceipt shall not continue in his house And shall the workers of decept and of all wickednes not onely be admitted but even constreyned into the house of the living God which the church is O Iehovah holynes becometh thine house to length of dayes Which notwithstanding a sicknes desperate of all remedie that so it stands with the Church of England no man to whom England is known can be ignorant seeing that all the natives there and subjects of the kingdom although never such strangers from all shew of true pietie and goodnes and fraught never so full with manie most heynous impieties and vices of which ranck whether there be not an infinite and far the greater number I would to God it could with anie reason be doubted are without difference compelled and inforced by most seveere lawes civill ecclesiasticall into the bodie of that church And of this confused heap a few compared with the rest godly persons mingled among is that nationall church commonly called the Church of England collected and framed And such is the materiall constitution of that church But if now you demaund of me how it is formally constituted whether upon profession of fayth and repentance in word at least made by them of years any combynation and consociation of the members into particular congregations which consociation doth formally constitute the ministeriall Church and members thereof as both the Scriptures and reason manifest either is or hath been made since the universall and Antichristian apostasie and defection in poperie Nothing lesse but onely by their parrish perambulation as they call it and standing of the houses in which they dwell Everie subject of the kingdom dwelling in this or that parrish whether in cittie or countrie whether in his own or other mans house is thereby ipso facto made legally a member of the same parrish in which that house is situated and bound will he nill he fit or unfit as with iron bonds and all his with him to participate in all holy things some unholy also in that same parrish church If any object that yet the minister of the parish may suspend from the supper of the Lord flagitious persons and so by complaint made to M. Chancelour or M. Officiall procure their excommunication to let passe that this is meerly a matter of form for the most part and a remedie as ill as the disease I do answer that even by this is proved undeniablie that which I intend viz. that all these parrishioners before mentioned are not without but within and members of the Church and the same as before constituted whom she judgeth There is besides these a third evill in the way and the same as predominant and overtopping all other things in that church as was Saul higher then all the rest of the people and with whose Rehoboam-like â—inger we miserable men are pressed and oppressed and that is the Hierarchicall church government in the hands of the Lord Bishops and their substitutes the verie same with that of Rome the Pope the head onely cut off upon whose shoulders also many though not without notable injurie would place the supreme Magistrate and administred by the self same Canon law Now this vast and unsatiable Hierarchicall gulfe swallowing up and devouring the whole order and use of the presbyterie and therewith the peoples libertie and withall by M. Parkers testimonie with whom a Bishop in England is the Pastour of the whole diocesse and the Priests or ministers onely his delegates and helpers the verie office of the Pastours themselvs as did the seaven lean and evill favoured kine the seaven fat and the seaven wizened ears the seaven full that went before them and so by consequence not being of Christ the Lord but of him rayther who opposeth and advanceth himself against whatsoever is called God or is worshiped so as he sits in the Temple of God as God for unto God alone dwelling in his Temple it apperteyns to appoint the offices of the ministers to prescribe the peoples bonds our hands are bound by that supreme and sole authoritie of Iesus Christ in his Churches upon which both the order of Presbyterie and libertie of people and office of Pastour are founded and from whom as the one onely Lord all ecclesiasticall power floweth and by whom all ministeries are instituted from giving any the least honour or obedience to the same hieâ—archicall exaltation in it self or its subordinates which as phylosophiâ— teacheth are one with it Wherein yet I would not so be understood as if we were
at anie defiance with the persons of the Bishops much lesse with the kings civill authoritie whereof they are possessed whether in matters civill or ecclesiasticall Of their persons their own Lords shall judg to whom they stand or fall There have been of that ranke who in our Marian daâ—es have preferred the profession of the truth of the gospell before their lives I hope there are also of their successours who if pressed with the same necessitie which God forbid would give the same testimonie though at the same rate unto the same truth of God revealed unto them Now as concerning their civill authoritie albeit we do not beleev that the same is at all competent to the true ministers of the gospell especially in that eminencie externall glorie and pompe of this world in which they far exceed manie worldly princes and rayther seem to represent the tryumphant then the militant church yet for so much as they both obteyn the same by the gift of the king and exercise it in his name we do not unwillingly yeald honour and obedience unto it and to his majestie in it But whereas it seems unto manie plain and evident that we may adjoin our selvs to the Church of England without any subjection or relation unto the spirituall government and governers thereof that is altogether beyond our capacities neither can we comprehend it how it may be that he who subjects and joyns himself to anie publique and politique bodie or communitie whether spirituall or civil becomes not in so doing ipso facto subject to the publique government and governers thereof and undergoes not a relation and respect actually unto them They raither are with all seriousnes to consider how faythfully and sincerely they quit themselvs and their consciences before God and men who contending and proving in and by so manie words and arguments that the hierarchicall government is papall and Antichristian do neverthelesse submit themselvs thereunto both in the respect and relation politicall formerly mentioned and also in acts properly ecclesiasticall into which the ecclesiasticall government and spirituall policie of the church doth necessarily diffuse it self Now I do earnestly entreat thee whosoever thou art acquainted with Belgick or raither Christian libertie and either free from the mists of prejudice or if anie way prejudiced yet not chusing raither to serve a preconceaved opinion then to follow an apparent truth that thou wouldest truly ingenuously tell whether if the Magistrates here from which they are far should by publique edict under severe penaltie constreyn all and everie the native subjects of the countrie into the bosom of the church without anie difference made either in respect of fayth or manners according to the place of their habitation and should set over this church so collected and constituted an Hierarchicall Bishop provinciall or diocesan in whose hands alone with his Officials Chauncellours Commissaries Archdeacons and other Court-keepers canonicall authoritie should be placed to constitute and depose ministers excommunicate and absolve both ministers and people yea whole churches yea with the living the dead that they may obteyn Christian buriall whether now in this confused heap and under this spirituall Lordship thou wouldest endure to remain either Pastour or member I suppose not You brethren have not so learned Christ whom you acknowledg both for the author of your faith and instituter of your order ecclesiasticall Neyther yet we having learned otherwise by the grace of God Christ the king doth gather and form unto himself another kinde of kingdom amongst men and the same to be administred by other officers and according to other lawes And if no place upon the face of the â—ruth should be free for us poore creatures refusing upon meer conscience of God as thou God the judg and searcher of hearts knowest to commingle and prostitute our selvs in and unto this confusion and domination hierarchicall we have most assured hope that heaven it self is open for us by Christ who is the way and whom in this dutie also we do serve in which we shall at the length be fully free from this and all other incumbrances Our adversaries bear in hand not onely others but even us our selvs also that we do for certain trifleing matters as they speak circumstantiall corruptions sequester our selvs from the Church of England And as nurses use to lisp with children so they that they might discend to our capacities do oft and much instruct us that unworthie members must be born in the church especially of private persons that some corruptions at least in the discipline and externall rites are to be tolerated that there may be the temple of God though prophaned the holy cittie though without a wall the feild of the Lord though the enemie sowtares amongst the wheat also a heap of wheat though much chaffe commingled therewithall And that we dul-bayards as we are may at the length conceav those things they verie seriously inculcate whet upon us in these the like considerations as that the Israelitish church in its time was steyned with almost all enormities both for manners and fayth that â—nto the same all Israelites and Iewes whatsoever without difference were violently compelled by King Iosiah and others as also that in the parable all were compelled to come to the mariage good and bad that the house might be filled Lastly that in the Apostolick Churches themselvs there were not wanting some who practised and others who taught vile and evill things that in one place the discipline was neglected in another the verie doctrine of fayth corrupted and manie the like matters which it were to long to repeat Surely foolish were we if we knew not these things impudent if we denyed them to be true for the most part and lastly unequall if we acknowledged not that manie the same or like blemishes after a sort will and do creep into the Churches of our dayes which yet to disclaym as unlawfull for the same stood neither with wisdom nor charitie But the prudent Reader may plainly observe by the premises that they are other matters and of greater weight for the most part wherewith we and our consciences are pressed We do not judg it an evill intollerable though greatly to be bewayled that evill men should be suffered in the church but that all of most vile and desperate condition that such and so great a kingdom affoards should thereinto will they nill they be compelled nor that the discipline as they call it or ecclesiast call government instituted by Christ is neglected or violated but that another plain contrarie unto it is set up by law and fully and publiquely everie where exercised Neither lyes our exception against any personall or accâ—dentarie profanation of the Temple but against the faultie frame of it in respect of the causes constitutive matter and form Neither strive we about the walles of the cittie but about the true and lawfull citizens the policie