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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
lord_n	christian_n	day_n	sabbath_n	11,845	5	9.8333	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A65093	The works of the famous antiquary, Polidore Virgil containing the original of all arts, sciences, mysteries, orders, rites, and ceremonies, both ecclesiastical and civil : a work useful for all divines, historians, lawyers, and all artificers / compendiously English't by John [i.e. Thomas] Langley.; De rerum inventoribus. English	Vergil, Polydore, 1470?-1555.; Langley, Thomas, d. 1581.	1663 (1663)	Wing V596; ESTC R28374	121,672	340

and such Feasts were called by the name of Vigills and observed with no lesse reverence then the Fast of Lent This remedy was provided after St. Hieromes time which dyed the year of our Lord 422 when Bonifacius the second was Bishop of the See of Rome The like custome was also observed among the Aegyptians which on the Evens of their high feasts fasted and after they had slept they offered a Cow all such night Sacrifices and observances for like causes were by a perpetuall Law in Greece abrogated by Diagundas a Thebane The Fast of Wednesday and Friday was commanded by the Fathers because on the one day Christ was Crucified and on the Wednesday Judas purposed in his mind to bewray him as Apollonius the Eloquent Oratour supposed Silvester the first Bishop of Rome abhorring the memorial of the vain Gentile gods decreed that the dayes of the Week which had before the names and Titles of the Sun Moon Mars Mercury Jupiter Venus and Saturn should be called the first second third fourth fifth sixth and Seventh Ferie as the Jews counted their dayes from the Sabbath day He did also call the first Ferie Dominicus Dies that we name Sunday and called Saturday Sabbatum of the old holy day and rest of the Hebrews all these things were done at the Suit of Constantine then Emperour Albeit the Apostles before that time had consecrated the Sunday to the Lord because that day he rose from death and the Jews Sabbath was turned into it as may appear by the decree of Pius that ordained the Easter to be kept on the Sunday and therefore I think Silvester did but onely renew the same Act of the Sunday It was the invention of the Egyptians that the dayes were first named after the 7 Planets as Diodorus recordeth Saint Gregory was the Author that neither flesh nor any thing that hath affinity with it as Cheese Milk Butter Eggs should be eaten on such dayes as were fasted We have also a manner and usage of hallowing the Table and meat before we be set that began of the imitation of Christ which used the same fashion over the five loaves in the Wildernesse and at Emaus also he did likewise consecrate the Table in the presence of his Disciples so was the form of saying Grace after Supper taken likewise of the custome that Christ commonly kept at his Suppers The manner to read a part of the Bible at dinner time hath been of long continuance and did proceed of the Godly doctrine that Christ instructed his Disciples in at all times but namely at his last Supper wherein he treated of the perfection of all the Mysteries of our Religion And thus our fathers to keep in memory such an wholesome institution did bring in this manner of reading the Scripture at meat or meal-time CHAP. V. The original of holy-dayes Paschal Candles Birth-dayes LIke as the Jews had in their Law which was but onely a shadow of things to come holy-dayes appointed for the execution of the mysteries of their Religion whom they in one general term named Sabbath-dayes of the rest and vacation that they had from bodily labours semblably our fathers have ordained Feastival dayes in the N●w Testament wherein Christian men all prophane businesses and evil matters laid apart might whol'y apply themselves to godly and spiritual meditations As the perusing and reading of Scriptures hearing of devout Sermons rendring honour to God by sacrificing praying and well doing be works fit and convenient for the holy-day and also reverencing the memorial of Saints on such dayes as be assigned to that purpose is on the holy day laudable For Oblation is onely due to God as Paul and Barnabas did openly testifie at Listra For when he had commanded by the power of the Word of God that the man which was lame from his Mothers womb should arise and walk the people for wonder and marvail of the Miracle would have done sacrifice to them but they renting their cloathes departed out of the press and with sharp words rebuked their enterprise as a thing unmeet to be done to any mortal man or worldly creature First of all the Feast of Easter was instituted by the Apostles and prescribed by Pius the First to be solemnized on the Sunday Afterward Victor that was Bishop of Rome about the 196th year of our Lord decreed That it should be kept and celebrated on the Sunday from the fourteenth day of the first moneth that was March untill the 22 of the same lest our order and account should agree with the Jews which kept it somewhat sooner then that appointment speaketh of albeit many forraign Bishops at the first refused that Constitution because they thought it not amiss to keep that Feast after the president of Saint John the Apostle who renewed the Rite of the Jews in the Feast of Easter The custome of hallowing Paschall Candles on Easter Eve was commanded by Zozinus to be frequented in every Church The manner of keeping holy the birth-day of every man was much used in Rome albeit the Persians had that usage before them For there it is the fashion that every man after his ability should with observance of dainty feasts worship the day of their birth and of them the Romans received that superstition CHAP. VI. Of the Institution of Holy-dayes and Canonizing AS you have heard that Saint John the Apostle did celebrate the Feast of Easter even so the other Apostles as it is said were authours not onely of the same Easter-Feast but also ordained That those dayes wherein our Saviour had done any mystery concerning our salvation or information should be kept holy and to the intent they might be more reverenced of their posterity they themselves kept them during their lives very devoutly as the Sundayes Advent the Nativity Circumcision and Epiphany of our Lord the Purification of our Lady called Candlemas Lent Palm-Sunday Maunday-Thursday when Christ after Supper washed his Disciples Feet Good-Friday Easter the Ascension and Whitsunday the Feast of Pentecost was before used of the Hebrews For fifty dayes after that the Lamb was sacrificed in Egypt the Law written by the hands of God was given by Moses in the Mount Oreb in the wilderness of Sinai And 50 dayes after the death of Christ who like a Lamb was offered of the Jews for our Paschal the Apostles received the law of the Spirit The Feast of transfiguration came also of the Jews for like as Moses his face was transposed into a perfect brightness after he had communed with God in the Mount so now after the shadow and vail were taken away by Christ his coming it pleased God to shew to his disciples his transfiguration as a declaration of the shadow past and a figure or signification of the Immortality to come In consideration whereof the holy fathers perceiving the use of such holy-dayes confirmed and ratified them by a

Decree made in the Council had at Lions in France and furthermore commanded that such dayes as either the holy Saints departed this life or else wrought any miracle or did any notable deed to the encrease of our Re●igion should be kept holy because Christians might have more opportunity to hear the Word of God and more devoutly serve him in an uniform order Then were instituted the Feasts of Saint Stephen Innocents Sylvester John Baptist the Apostles dayes Conversion of Paul our Lady-dayes Laurence Michael Martine and generally of Al Saints which was the constitution of Bonifacius the fourth For he caused that the Temple which Marcus Agrippae did edifie in honour of all the Romans Idols as the name Pantheon doth pretend was by the license of Phocas then Emperour turned into the Church of All-hallows and consecrated the 12th day of May and Gregory the fourth afterward willed it to be kept the first day of November The Feasts of the Invention and Exaltation of the Cross and Corpus Christi day were dedicated by Urban the fourth and pronounced for holy-dayes Sylvester at the suit and instance of the Emperour Constantine assigned the day of ad vincula Sancti Petri called commonly Lammas in memorial of Peter's pains persecution and punishment that he suffered for Religion Felix the first to magnifie the glorious commendation of Martyrs made a Statute that a yearly oblation should be had in memorial of them and Gregory would that Masse should be said over their bodies which thing Vigilantius thought worthy to be rejected and refused albeit the report goeth that Anacletus was of this constitution the first Authour The same Felix instituted first That the day whereon any Temple was dedicated should be hallowed of that Village or Town and made also a law That such Churches as men doubted of whether they were consecrated or no should be hallowed again And Felix the fourth did ordain That Bishops onely should dedicate them and that the same dedicated day should be kept holy yearly afterward The fashion to deify men that had done any benefits to the Common-wealth is one of the most ancient usages that I read of For antiquity even from the beginning was accustomed to make gods of their Kings which either by abundance of benefits or notable qualities and prowess had won the hearts of their Commons And specially the Romans did that with great pomp and many observances as I did declare before in the third book out of Herodian Of them our Bishops learned as by a pattern their rite of canonizing Saints and the yearly sacrifices that Gregory and Felix appointed concerned nothing else but to declare that those Martyrs were Saints and of the houshold of God Last of all Alexander the third ordained That no such divine solemnity should be given to any man openly without he were canonized and admitted to be a Saint by the Bishop of Rome his Bull because no man should choose himself any private Saint or commit any peculiar Idolatry CHAP. VII Institution of years dayes or Obites and the manner of mourning FUneral exequies that be done over dead bodies were the institution of Pelagius Albeit Isidorus ascribeth the original of it to the Apostles and he himself did augment the Rites that we use in this time Ambrose supposeth that it proceeded of the custome of the Hebrews which lamented Jacob fourty dayes and Moses the space of thirty dayes for that time is sufficient for the wise to weep in It was also the usage of antient Romanes to mourn For Numa Pompilius assigned Oblations to the infernal gods for the dead and did inhibite that a child under the age of three years should be bewailed and that the elder sort should be mourned no more Moneths then he had lived years But commonly the longest time of a Widows mourning was but ten Months and if any were married within the space again it was counted a great reproach wherefore Numa ordained that such as had mourned up before the day limitted should offer a Cow that was great with Calf for an expiation Neverthelesse if that rite were used now a dayes and namely in England we should have small store of Veals there be so many that marry within the time prescribed Plutarch writeth that the Women in their mourning layed a part all Purple Gold and sumptuous apparel and were cloathed both they and their Kinsfolk in white apparel like as then the dead body was wrapped in white cloths The white colour was thought fittest for the dead because it is clear pure and sincere and least defiled and when the time of their weeping was expired they put on their other vestures Of this Ceremony as I take it the French Queens took occasion after the death of their Husbands the Kings to wear onely white cloathing and if there be any such Widdow she is commonly called the white Queen The Jews ended their mourning after thirty days and Englishmen keep the same Rite Their mourning garments for the most part be altogether of black colour and they use to wear them a whole year continually unlesse it be because of a generall Triumph or rejoycing or new Magistrate choosing or else when they be towards Marriage But the custome of mourning is no other thing then meer superstition specially if women or men have a louring look and a laughing heart For all such lamentation helpeth nothing the dead Corps or Soul of the deceased and disquieteth sore the living The manner of washing dead bodies and specially of Noble men and anointing them was received of our Ancestry which used to wash the bodies of the dead and it was the office of them that were nearest of his Kinred to do it Soul-Masse day that is the second day of November was begun by Odilo that was Provost or Provinciall of the Monks of Cluniacenses order upon the occasion that he heard about Aetna the burning Mountain of Sicily oftentimes great weeping lamentation and crying which he supposed to be the yelling of evill spirits that bewailed because the Souls of dead men were taken from them by the petitions and sacrifices of well disposed Christians therefore he perswaded his covent in the time of John Bishop of Rome to make a general obite of all Souls the day next after the Feast of all Saints About the year of on● Lord 1002 our fathers received it as a godly institution full of pitiful charity and thus by processe of this Monks supposition sprung much vain superstition CHAP. VIII Of the seventh day thirtieth day old manner of burial hallowing Chalices Priests Garments with other things HOratius the Poet and Servius write that the Romans used c●stomably the ninth day after the burial to renew the sacrifices and solemn rites of the funeral which they named in Latine Novem-diales of this we in our Religion have gathered the fashion of keeping the seventh day with Exsequies and other ordinary oblations And in England the

and Evila of whom came the Evelites And semblably we must believe that of them came all other Nations and people of the world which be now in so great number that they cannot easily be numbred CHAP. IV. The beginning of Marriage and sundry rites of the same GOD after that he had fully accomplished and perfectly created the world and when all the creatures therein were in their kind consummate as Moses teacheth he made man last of all to be Lord and Sovereign of the whole body of the world as one of whom all his work should be subject because he was fashioned after his own likenesse And lest so worthy a creature should by death perish or the world might want his governour ruler it pleased him to make woman out of the body of man and so with the bond of Matrimony combined them together that they should not live after the manner of brute beasts therefore hath God joyned Adam and Eve in Marriage in Paradise before they knew sin that by the congression and company of these two sexes and kinds their issue might be enlarged and so replenish the whole World In this sort was Matrimony instituted albeit antiquity feigneth Cecrops King of the Athenians to have ordeyned Matrimony for which cause he was reported to have had two faces But all Countreyes did not enter like bond of Matrimony neither kept it after one fashion For the Numidians Egyptians Indians Hebrews Persians Parthians Thracians and almost all the Barbarians every one according to his substance married Wives some ten some more The Scythian the Stoicks and Athenians used their children and wives in common and copulated with them abroad openly like beasts The Messagites married every one a wife but they used them commonly Among the Arabians it is the manner that all Kinsmen should have but one wife and he that came to meddle with her should set his staff at the doore for their custome was to bear a staff albeit she lay every night by the eldest by this means they were all brethren An Adulterer was there condemned to death which was perceived by this if he were of another family or kindred Where chanced on a time a strange thing worthy to be had in memory there was a certain Kings daughter of excellent beauty which had fifteen brethren that loved her all intirely well and used one after another to resort to and keep company with her she began by such daily dalliance to be weary of their wanton company and devised this feat she prepared staves like her brothers staves and by and by as one was gone she set a staff at the door like to his and by that deceit the other when they came to the door supposing one to be within pressed no further and it fortuned on a day when they were all together in the Court one of them departed from the other and repaired to her house and when he espyed a staff at the gate thinking it to be some Adulterer for he was assured that he left his brethren in the Court he ran to his father and accused his sister of Adultery but when the matter was known it was perceived that he had falsly slandered her The Assyrians and the Babylonians bought their wives in open Market at a common price which custome among the Saracens and Arabians yet still remaineth When the Nazamones were first married they used to suffer their wives to lie the first night with all her guests in the worship of Venus and from thenceforth they kept themselves chaste and pure of living A certain people of the Carthaginians which border on Aegypt were wont to offer such maidens as should be married to the King of that Region to deflour whom it pleased him In Scotland also the usage was that the Lord of the soyl should lye with the bride before her husband but for so much as it was unfitting to be frequented among Christians their King Malcolme the third of that name about the year of our Lord M.XCIX did abolish that beastly abomination and ordained that every maid should give the Lord for the redemption of her maidenhead a Crown of Gold Some people lived single as certain Nations called Cristae and Esseni among the Hebrews which did abhor the calamities and troubles in marriage Wedlock was observed sincerely and reverently of the Romanes till Divorcement began which although it be an occasion that Women should more earnestly keep their chastity yet our Religion doth scarcely permit it One Spurius Servilius the year after the City was founded 522. Marcus Pomponius and Caius Pap●rius being Consuls first sued a Divorce from his Wife because she was barren for which fact although he affirmed openly before the Censors that he did it only because he would have issue yet he was evil spoken of among the common sort This decree of divorcing was taken out of the Laws of Moses which made the first constitution of that statute yet was there this difference For by Moses it was onely lawfull for the Husband to forsake his Wife but the Romans decree gave them both like liberty The Rites of Marriage were divers in Rome the manner was that two children should lead the Bride and another bear a Torch before her of white-thorn in worship of Ceres that like as she with fruits of the earth doth nourish men so the new bride like an houswife should bring up her children Which manner is used in England saving that instead of the Torch there is born here a cup of Silver or Gold before them A Garland also of Corn-eares was set on her head or else she bare it in her hand or if that were not when she came home wheat was scatered abroad over her head in betokening of plenty and fruitfullnesse Also before she came to bed to her Husband Fire and water were given her which have power to purify and cleanse signifying thereby that she should be chaste and honest of her body There were besides these divers Rites which I omit The maids of Greece and Rome as it may appear by Homer and Catullus were usually accustomed to gird their Privity with a lace or swathel till the day of their Marriage The Bride anointed the posts of the doors with swines grease because she thought by that means to drive away all misfortune whereof she had her name in Latine Neither might she step over the threshold but must be born over to declare that she loseth her Virginity unwillingly with many other superstitious ceremonies which be too long to rehearse CHAP. V. The Institution of Religion and who Worshipped gods first with sacrifice IT is no doubt but men which at the first without any Governour led a barbarous and rude manner of life did highly advance their first Kings honour and prayses and by the perswasion of the Devil either for their wonderfull courage

and vertue or to flatter the condition of their dignity or for some special benefit that they received by them magnified them as gods Whereby it came to passe that Kings being well-beloved of their people le●t a fervent memorial of themselves among their subjects and posterity by reason whereof men made Images of them to take a comfortable pleasure of the beholding of them Afterward because to encourage men to vertue and chevalry they reverenced them as gods for every valiant courage would with more alacrity enterprise dangerous adventures for the common-weal when they perceived the noble acts of worthy and puissant men to be recompensed with honour and laud of the immortal Gods Thus Temples began first to be builded and service of the gods to be performed by the ordinance of Melissus in the time of Jupiter or not long before Yet that the true and certain original may be absolutely known let us appoint the custome of idolatry to have begun in the time of Belus King of the Assyrians which reigned in the 3180 year of the world whom the Babylonians first worshipped for a God and set up an Image of him and therefore they that think Idolatry hath endured from the begiuning of the World are deceived H●rodotus saith that the Egyptians first builded Altars Temples Images and offered sacrifice to the gods and after taught them to strangers Some suppose that Mercury shewed with what ceremonies gods should be honoured Some say it was devised by King Numa Pompilius Diodorus thinketh that the Aethiopians did institute the Rites of sacrificing to the gods which thing Homer in his Ilias witnesseth where he telleth how Jupiter and the other gods went into Aethiopia to the oblations that were customably made there and also repaired thither to be cherished with the fragrant odours that perfumed the sacrifices And the Aethiopians received this reward of their holinesse that they should never be conquered but ever live in liberty without any bondage Lactantius affirmeth that Melissus King of Creet did first sacrifice and ordeined other solemn rites in the ceremonies of their gods In Italy Janus and his son Faunus appointed sacrifices to Saturn and after them King Numa set up a new Religion Cadmus out of Venice and Orpheus out of Thrace brought first into Greece the mysteries solemnities dedicating of Images and Hymns of their gods Albeit Herodotus saith that Cecrops King of Athens transported all such constitutions and ordinances out of Egypt into Greece and first invocated Jupiter founded Images set up Altars and offered sacrifices that were never seen before in Greece But to God Almighty whom we Christians honour and serve Cain and Abel first offered and Enos first called upon the name of the Lord. CHAP VI. Who found the Letters aud the number of them LEtters wherein is conteined the treasure of knowledg and by whom things notable be preserved in fresh remembrance after the opinion of Diodorus were found by Mercury in Egypt yet some say one Menon an Egyptian devised them but instead of the letters they of Egypt used to signify and declare the intents and conceits of their minds by the figures of beasts Fishes Fowls and Trees Pliny saith he thought that the Assyrians excogitated the letters which Cadmus brought out of Phoenice into Greece which were but 16 in number A b c d e g i l m n o p r s t v. to these Palamedes added in the battel of Troy other four viz. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Simonides found as many viz. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Whose power is contained in our letters Aristotle saith there were 18 of the old viz. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and that Epicarmus put to the other two 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 S. Hermolaus is supposed to have added sy Herodotus writeth how that the Phenicians that came with Cadmus to inhabite Thebes brought letters into Greece which were never seen in use there before-time Some think the Aethiopians invented them and then taught them to the Egyptians that were one of their Provinces But Eumolphus telleth unfainedly that the beginning of letters did proceed of Moses which reigning long before Cadmus dayes taught the Jews the letters and thence the Phoenicians received them and the Greeks learned of them Which thing is conformable to the saying of Pliny before rehearsed for Jury is a part of Syria and the Jews be Syrians Neverthelesse I find by Josephus that writing was before Noe's floud for the sons of Seth wrote in two Pillars one of brick and another of stone the Science of Astronomy whereof that of stone in the time of Josephus remained in Siria Philo ascribeth the invention of them to Abraham which was elder then Moses albeit I had rather assign to Seths children the beginning of writing As for the Hebrew letters which be now according to Saint Jeromes opinion were but newly invented and devised by Esdras for before that time the Hebrews and Samarites used all one Characters The old greek letters were the same that the Romans use now as Pliny conjectureth by a certain brasse Table that came from Delphos which was dedicated and hanged up in a Library in the Temple of Minerva at Rome in his time They were brought into Italy by Evander and the Arcadians which came into Italy to inhabit there as Ovid telleth in his book Defastis The Hetrurians had also a form of letters by themselves wherein the youth of Rome was instructed as well as in the Greek letters which one Demeratus a Corinthian taught the Hetrurians And like as the Grecians had enlarged the number of their lette●s so the Italians following their example put to theirs f k q x y z h. which h is no letter but a sign of aspiration f they received of the Aeolians which both among the old Romanes and Aeolians had the same sound and pronuntiation that p. with an aspiration hath which we use in writing Greek words And afterward Claudius Casar as Quintilian writeth appointed that it should be taken in the place of v. consonant as fulgus for vulgus fixit for vixit And even so our English men use to speak in Essex for they say Fineger for Vineger Feal for Veal and contrariwise a Vox for a Fox vour for four And in processe of time it was used for ph in Latine words k. was borrowed of the Greeks but no good Authour useth it in writing Latine q. was added because it hath a grosser sound then c. The letter x. we had also out of Greece although as Quintilian judgeth we might well forbear it forasmuch that they used for it either c s or g s. Likewise y and z were sent from the Grecians and be used of us onely to write Greek words CHAP. VII The Invention of Grammar NExt the Letters the invention of grammer ordinarily

The Crouch or Crosse Friers began about the year of our Lord 1215. by the device of Syracus Bishop of Jerusalem which shewed Helen mother of Constantine where the Crosse lay hid and in memorial of the Cross he caused this brotherhood and Colledge of Friers to bear the Cross and yet they never knew what the Cross weighed in their bodies or in their hearts and forasmuch as they were sore wasted Innocentius the third renewed the Religion CHAP. IV. Black and Grey-Fryers the Trinity-order● Brigidians Jesuits new Hermites and Bonhomes ABout the time of Innocentius the third arose two famous founders of two superstitious Sects I mean Dominick the Spaniard and Francis the Italian of the Country of Vmbria Dominick at the first was a Canon but because he could not suffer to have a superiour and was also weary of the Cloyster he invented a new fraternity named Dominicans Black-Fryers or Fryers-Preachers because they had the charge to preach the Gospel without mixture of any Pharisaical leven The new guise of their Vesture made innocent Innocentius to wonder But Honorius the third by his Bull honourably admitted them the year of our Lord 1220 and Gregory the 9th put the matter all out of doubt canonized Dominick and by his Bull under Lead allowed him for a Saint Frances that was first of the Friers Augustines thinking that sect not to be sufficiently furnished with Hypocrisie began a new trade of living in the Mount Appenninus in a place named commonly Laverna doubtless a ground worthy for such a foundation as was beside the Word of God it was set up in the time of Honorius aforesaid They were named Minoribes of the humility and lowliness of heart that they should have but that was smally regarded and farthest from their study Two years after the year of our Lord God 1229 Francis was sanctified by Gregory and made a Saint Francisoans afterward fell at contention for the rules of their profession They that failed somewhat of the unperfect perfection of them retained the name of Minorites still the other entituled themselves Observants more worthy to be called Obstinate The latter fellows were brought in●o England by King Edward the 4th and were greatly inhanced by the famous Prince King Henry the 7th At the same time was Clara the Virgin Countrey-woman to Saint Francis which was a great Foundress of Nuns of the same Rule that Francis gave his Covent of them sprung the bastard Penitencers in the dayes of John the 22 and the year of our Lord 1315. The Order of the Trinity under Innocentius was begun by John Matta and Felix Anachorita in France in the County of Meldine Then also was founded or else not long after in the time of Martin the fourth the Religion of Virgins or Servants by one Philip of Florencia a Physitian and Benedict the 11th confirmed it in the year of our Lord 385. The Order of Brigidians was instituted by Brigidia a Widow that was Princess of Sueta under Vrban the 5th in the year of our Lord 1370 it was as well of men as women albeit they dwelt severally by themselves The Family of Jesuits was the Invention of Johannes Columbinus in the City of Senes in the time of the same Urban the year of our Lord 1368 they were no Priests nor consecrated persons but were men of the lay sort given and addicted to prayer and had the name of Jesuits because that name of Jesus should be often in their mouth they be much like to our Beads-men in England The Sect of new Hermites began in Urbin a City in Italy in the Countrey of Umbria where Polidore Virgil was born and was the device of one Petrus an Hetrurian and they had in the same City a goodly Hospitall or Guild-Hall The Bonhomes were instituted in England by Edmund son of Richard Earl of Cornwall which was brother to Henry the third and was elected King of the Romans and heir apparent to the Empire by the principal Electors about the year of our Lord 1257. The speciall head place of that Religion was Astrige where the noble King Henry the eighth hath now a goodly Palace This Edmund brought the bloud of our Saviour as it was said into the Realm CHAP. V. The original of sacred Knights and white sect WHilest the City of Jerusalem before our Christian men had conquered it in the year of our Lord 1099 was in subjection to the Saracens the Latine Christians that lived there tributaries purchased a licence to build near unto the Holy Sepulchre dwelling houses and among other they made an Hospital of our Lady to receive the strange Pilgrims and appointed a Provost to entertain them This was in Silvester the first his time the year of our Lord three hundred twenty and four and renewed the year of Christ one thousand three hundred ninety and seven in the time of Celestine the third Bishop of Rome After the pattern of this house was devised a like house of Virgins in memorial of Mary Magdalen to receive the Women that resorted thither It began in the 2d Vrbanes dayes the year of our Lord 1099. Notwithstanding because the multitude of Latine Pilgrimes waxed very great they builded three Hospitals of Saint John Baptist as some say Albeit some think it was of John Eleemosinarius that was the Patriarch of Alexandria in the reign of the Emperour Phocas This Sect one Gerardus adorned with a white Cross in a black vesture grand Captain of these Knights was Ramundus when Clement the fifth had the See of Rome about the year of our Lord 1310 yet some affirm that the beginning of them was in the 3d Alexanders dayes the year of Christ one thousand one hundred seventy and nine and they be called of the order of Saint John or Knights of the Rhodes because they won the Rhodes from the Turks which afterwards they lost again in January in the year of our Salvation one thousand five hundred twenty three albeit they did long defend it manfully The Temples order was begun in Gelasius the second his dayes in the year of Christs Incarnation one thousand one hundred twenty and eight by Hugo Paganus and Gaufridus de sancto Alexandro they were named Templers because they kept in a part of the buildings near to the Temple they kept Bernardus rule in their living But Clement the fifth deposed them partly for that they renounced the Faith and conspired with the Turks and partly for other notable crimes The order of Teutonicks or Dutch Lords began in Jerusalem by a Dutch man whose name is not known Their office was to fight against the enemies of Christs Cross it began in the dayes of Clement the third the year of Christs incarnation 1190. Petrus Ferdinandus a Spaniard began the order of Saint James Knights that lived after St Austins rule under Alexander the third and in the year of our Lord one thousand one hundred and sixty in the same