appointment of the day But why is this day now called the Lords day I answer euen therefore because it is the Lords day not changed by the Churches Constitution Meere as some seeme to hold except by the Churches authority they meane Christ and his Apostles nor descended to vs by Tradition as the Papists maintaine seeing the Scriptures Act. 20.7 1. Cor. 16.21 Apoc. 1.10 mention the name and celebration by the constant practise of the Apostles yea Christ himselfe as he rose on that day so did he vsually appeare on that day to his Apostles before his Ascension Christ therefore and his Apostles are our Authors of this change And the Church euer since hath constantly obserued it The Fathers teach yea the Papists themselues acknowledge this truth So Bellarmine de Cultu Sanct. l. 3. c. 11. saith Ius diuinum requirebat vt vnus dies Hebdomade dicaretur cultus diuino non autem conueniebat vt seruaretur Sabbathum itaque ab Apostolis in diem Dominicum versum est It was in the Primitiue Church called the Lords day the day of Bread and of Light because of the Sacraments of the Supper and Baptisme therein administred called Bread and Light And how it may be ascribed to Tradition Bellarmine the great Patron of Traditions sheweth out of Iustin Martyr who saith Christus haec illis Apostolis Discipulis tradidit Iustin in fine 2. Apolog He there also reporteth That they had their Ecclesiasticall Assemblies euery Lords day The Rhemists which ascribe it to Tradition in Annot. Matth. 15. acknowledge the institution thereof in Annot. 1. Cor. 16.2 Ignatius may be allowed Arbiter in this question of the Sabbath who thus writeth to the Magnesians Non Sabbatisemus Let vs not obserue the Sabbath after the Iewish manner as delighting in ease For he that worketh not let him not eate but let euery one of vs keepe the Sabbath spiritually not eating meat dressed the day before and walking set paces c. But let euery Christian celebrate the Lords day consecrated to the Lords resurrection as the Queene and Princesse of all dayes Now for the particular Commandement which was giuen him as an especiall proofe of his obedience in a thing otherwise not vnlawfull it was the forbidding him to eate of the fruit of the Tree of Knowledge For in the middest of the Garden GOD had planted two Trees which some call Sacraments and were by GODS Ordinance signes vnto him one of life if he obeyed the other of death by disobedience Not as the Iewes thought and Iulian scoffed That the Tree had power to giue sharpenesse of wit And although some thinke signes needlesse to so excellent a creature yet beeing mutable subiect to temptation and each way flexible to vertue or vice according as he vsed his naturall power of free-will I see not why they should deny GOD that libertie to impose or man that necessitie to need such monitories and as it were Sacramentall instructions For what might these Trees haue furthered him in carefulnesse if he had considered life and death not so much in these Trees as in his free-wil and obeying or disobeying his Creator These Trees in regard of their signification and euent are called the Tree of Life and the Tree of Knowledge of good and euill which was not euill or hurtfull in it selfe but was a visible rule whereby good and euill should be knowne and that by reason of the Commandement annexed which he might by this Precept see to be grounded in obeying or disobeying the authority of the Law-giuer An easie rule and yet too easily broken For when as God did hereby challenge his own Soueraignty by imposing so easie a fine which might haue forbidden all but one as contrariwise he allowed and fore-signified the danger that he might continue his goodnesse to man continuing in obedience yet did man herein shew his contempt in reiecting so easie a yoake and so light a burthen I will not reason whether these two Trees may properly be called Sacraments of which say some the one was but for the bodily life and better neuer to haue touched the other this we know that in eating of this he lost both bodily and spirituall life which the name and institution thereof forewarned and should haue preuented otherwise in eating of the other immortalitie had been sealed both in soule and body to him and his for euer Srange it seemeth that he should need no monitorie signes to preuent that which euen with these helps added he did not eschew CHAP. V. Of the Fall of Man and of Originall Sinne HItherto we haue beheld the Creation of the World and of our first Parents the liuely Images of the Creator and the Creature whom we haue somewhat leisurely viewed in a naked Maiesty delighting themselues in the enamelled walkes of their delightfull Garden The Riuers whereof ranne to present their best offices to their new Lords from which they were forced by the backer streames greedy of the sight and place which they could not hold The Trees stouped to behold them offering their shady mantle and varietie of fruits as their naturall tribute each creature in a silent gladnesse reioyced in them and they enioyed all mutuall comforts in the Creator the Creatures and in themselues A blessed Payre who enioyed all they desired whiles their desire was worth the enioying Lords of all and of more then all Content which might in all they saw see their Makers bounty and beyond all they could see might see themselues comprehended where they could not comprehend of that infinite Greatnesse and goodnesse which they could not but loue reuerence admire and adore This was then their Religion to acknowledge with thankefulnesse to be thankefull in obedience to obey with cherefulnesse the Author of all this good to the performance whereof they found no outward no inward impediment Sickenesse Perturbation and Death the deformed issue of Sinne not yet being entered into the World In this plight did Satan that old Serpent see disdaine and enuy them It was not enough for him and the deuillish crue of his damned associates for their late rebellion to be banished Heauen but the inferiour world must be filled with his venome working that malice on the Creatures here which he could not there so easily wrecke on their Creator And because Man was here GODS Deputy and Lieutenant as a petty God on the Earth hee chooseth him as the fittest subiect in whose ruine to despite his Maker To this end he vseth not a Lion-like force which then had been bootlesse but a Serpentine sleight vsing that subtill creature as the meetest instrument to his Labyrinthian proiects Whereas by inward temptation he could not so easily preuaile by insinuating himselfe into their minds he windes himselfe into this winding Beast disposing the Serpents tongue to speake to the Woman the weaker Vessell singled from her husband and by questioning doth first vndermine her The Woman
Passeouer Pentecost or Whitsuntide the Feast of Tabernacles These were chiefe to which were added the Feast of Trumpets of Expiation and of the Great Congregation To these we may reckon the seuenth yeeres Sabbath and the yeere of Iubilee These Feasts GOD had prescribed to them commanding that in those three principall Feasts euery male as the Iewes interpreted it that were cleane and sound and from twenty yeeres of their age to fiftie should appeare there where the Tabernacle or Temple was with their offerings as one great Parish Deut. 16. hereby to retaine an vnitie in diuine worship and a greater solemnitie with increase of ioy and charitie being better confirmed in that Truth which they here saw to be the same which at home they had learned and also better strengthened against the errors of the Heathen and Idolatrous feasts of Diuels To these were after added vpon occasions by the Church of the Iewes their foure Feasts in memory of their calamities receiued from the Chaldeans their Feast of Lots of Dedication and others as shall follow in their order They began to celebrate their Feasts at Euen so Moses is commanded From Euen to Euen shall yee celebrate your Sabbath imitated in the Christian Euen-songs on holy Euens yet the Christian Sabbath is by some supposed to begin in the morning because Christ did rise at that time As for the causes of Feasts many they are and great That the time it selfe should in the reuolution thereof be a place of Argument to our dulnesse This is the day which the Lord hath made let vs reioyce and be glad in it And what else is a festiuall day but a witnesse of times light of truth life of memory mistresse of life A token of publike thankfulnesse for greatest benefits passed a spurre to the imitation of our Noble Ancestrie the Christian Worthies a visible word to the Ethnicke and ignorant which thus by what we doe may learne what we beleeue a visible heauen to the spirituall man that in festiuall ioyes doth as it were open the vayle and here fides is turned into a vides whiles in the best exercises of Grace he tasteth the first fruits of Glory and with his Te Deums and Halleluiahs begins that blessed Song of the Lamb whiles time it selfe puts on her festiuall attire and acting the passed admonish the present ages teacheth by example quickneth our Faith strengthneth hope inciteth charitie and in this glimpse and dawning is the day-starre to that Sunne of Eternitie when time shall be no longer but the Feast shall last for euerlasting These the true causes of festiuall Times CHAP. V. Of the Festiuall dayes instituted by God in the Law AS they were enioyned to offer a Lambe in the morning and another in the Euening euery day with other Prayers Prayses and Rites so had the SABBATH a double honour in that kinde and was wholly sequestred and sanctified to religious duties Which howsoeuer it was ceremoniall in regard of that seuenth day designed of the Rites therein prescribed of that rigid and strait obseruation exacted of the particular workes prohibited and of the deadly penaltie annexed yet are we to thinke that the Eternall Lord who hath all times in his hand had before this selected some time proper to his seruice which in the abrogation of Ceremonies Legall is in Morall and Christian duety to be obserued to the end of the World euen as from the beginning of the World he had sanctified the seuenth day to himselfe and in the Morall Law giuen not by Moses to the Iewes but by GOD himselfe as to all creotures is the remembrance of that sanctification vrged Friuolous are their reasons who would renue the Iewish Sabbath amongst Christians tying and tyring vs in a more then Iewish seruitude to obserue both the last and first dayes of the weeke as some haue preached and of the Aethiopian Churches is practised Neither can I subscribe to those who are so farre from paying two that they acknowledge not the debt of one vpon diuine right but onely in Ecclesiasticall courtesie and in regard of the Churches meere constitution and haue thereupon obtruded on many other dayes as Religious respects or more then on this which yet the Apostles entituled in name and practice The Lords day with the same spirit whereby they haue equalled traditions to the holy Scriptures Thus Cardinal Tolet alowes on the Lords day iourneying hunting working buying selling Fayres Fencing and other priuate and publike workes by him mentioned and saith a man is tyed to sanctifie the Sabbath but not to sanctifie it well a new kinde of distinction the one is in hearing Masse and ceasing from seruile workes the well-doing it in spirituall contemplations c. Another Cardinall is as fast as he is loose affirming That other holy daies also binde the Conscience euen in cases voide of contempt and scandall as being truely more holy then other daies and a part of diuine worship and not onely in respect of order and politie But to returne to our Iewish Sabbath Plutarch thought that the Sabbath was deriued of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which signifieth to keepe Reuell-rout as was vsed in their Bacchanals of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which is interpreted Bacchus or the sonne of Bacchus as Coelius Rhodiginus sheweth out of Amphithaeus and Mnaseas who is therefore of opinion That Plutarch thought the Iewes on their Sabbaths worshipped Bacchus because they did vse on that day to drinke somewhat more largely a Sabbatizing too much by too many Christians imitated which celebrate the same rather as a day of Bacchus then the Lords day Bacchus his Priests were called Sabbi of this their reuelling and misse-rule Such wide coniectures we finde in others whereas the Hebrewes call it Sabbath of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which signifieth To rest because of their vacation to Diuine Offices and not for idlenesse or worse imployments And for this cause all the festiuall solemnities in the Scripture are stiled with this generall title and appellation as times of rest from their wonted bodily seruices Likewise their seuenth yeere was Sabbathicall because of the rest from the labors of Tyllage In those feasts also which consisted of many daies solemnitie the first and last were Sabbaths in regard of the strictnesse of those daies rest Luke hath an obscure place which hath much troubled Interpreters with the difficulty thereof 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 our English reades it The second Sabbath after the first Isidore saith it was so called of the Pascha and Azyma comming together Chrysostome thinkes as Sigonius cytes him it was when the New-Moone fell on the Sabbath and made a double Festiuall Sigonius when they kept their Passeouer in the second Moneth Stella takes it for Manipulus frugum alledging Iosephus his Author Ambrose for the Sabbath next after the first day of the Easter Solemnitie Hospinian for the Octaues or last
away and they dyed whence came that custome of saluting and praying well to men in neezing The strangling of Achitophel they also interpret of this neezing farewell The fourth dayes fast is for Women which are with childe or giue sucke but the Tuesday and Wednesday in likelyhood were not ordinarie as the other Sunday might not bee thus honoured being the Christian Sabbath and Friday was the preparatiue to their owne Those two dayes are generally halfe holy-dayes Assembling earely in their Synagogues besides their ordinarie prayers they annexe many other Among others they vse one Prayer called Vchurachum of miraculous effect as appeared in Vespatians time who committing three Ships full of Iewes without Oare or Mariner to the wide Seas which arriued in three seuerall regions Louanda Arlado Burdeli worke for Geographers Those which arriued in this last port by tyrannicall Edict of the King were to be tryed whether they were true Iewes as Hananias Misael and Azarias made proofe of their Religion Whereupon three dayes being required as they said Nebuchadnezzar had granted them wherein to betake themselues to fasting and prayer in this time of respite three deuout Iewes Ioseph Beniamin and Samuel inuened each of them a prayer which they ioyned into one and continued in praying the same three dayes at the end whereof they cast themselues into the fire and there continued till it was consumed Hence arose this ordinance euery Munday and Thursday to vse the same prayer which is this And hee is mercifull and pardoning sinne doth not destroy the sinner Hee often turneth his anger from vs and doth not kindle all his wrath Thou O my God suffer me not to want thy mercie let thy gentlenesse and truth keepe mee alwayes Helpe vs O God our God and gather vs from the Gentiles c. for their restitution as in other their prayers and destruction of their enemies the Christians After this they prostrate themselues on their faces as before with many other orisons to the like effect §. II. Of their Law-Lectures THeir solemne ceremonie of the Law-lecture followeth In all their Synagogues they haue the fiue bookes of Moses written in great letters on Parchments of Calues-skins sowed together in length which at both ends are fastened to pieces of wood by which the booke may be lifted and carried This booke is kept in an Arke or Chest set in some wall of the Synagogue Before the doores of the Arke is a hanging of Tapestrie more or lesse precious according to the qualitie of their Feasts and for the most part wrought with Bird-worke The booke is wrapped in a linnen-cloath wrought with Hebrew words without that is hanged about some other cloath of Linnen Silke Veluet or Gold to which is fastened a plate of Siluer by a chayne of Gold vpon the which is written The crowne of the Law or holinesse of the Lord Then goeth one about crying Who will buy Gelilah etzchaijm This is an office whereby they are authorized to handle those pieces of wood and to open the booke of the Law Hee which giueth most for it hath it the money is reserued for the poore The pieces of wood are called etzchaijm tree of life according to Salomon Wisedome is a tree of life to them that lay holde thereon When the chiefe Chanter hath taken out the booke and goeth with it into the Pulpit they all sing out of Num. 10.35 Arise O Lord and let thine enemies bee scattered and let them that hate thee flye before thee And out of Esay 2.3 Many people shall goe and say Come let vs ascend to the mount of the Lord to the house of the God of IACOB and hee shall teach vs his wayes and wee will walke in his pathes for the Law shall goe out of Sion and the Word of the Lord from Ierusalem When this Praecentor layeth the booke on his arme hee saith Magnifie the Lord with mee and let vs exalt his name together to which all the people answer Exalt yee the Lord our God and bow before his foot-stoole for it is holy exalt yee the Lord our God and bow to the mountaine of his holinesse for Iehouah our God is holy There vpon a Table couered with silke hee layeth downe the booke and he which hath bought the Office taketh from it the cloathes wherein it is wrapped Then these two call some one of the Congregation by his owne and his Fathers name who commeth foorth and kisseth the booke not on the bare Parchment for that were a sinne but on the cloathes which couer it and taking it by those pieces of wood saith aloud Praise the Lord c. Blessed bee thou O Lord who hast chosen vs before any other people and giuen vs thy Law Blessed bee thou O God the Law-giuer Then the Praecentor readeth a Chapter out of the booke and then hee which was called foorth with like kissing and blessing returneth Then another is called foorth and doth likewise After him another who had need bee of strong armes for hee lifteth vp and carrieth this booke that all may see it all crying This is the Law which Moses gaue to the Israelites This Office is called Hagbahah and is sold as the former The women meane-while contend amongst themselues in this Synagogue by some Lattice to haue a sight of the Law for the women haue a Synagogue apart seuered with Lattices so besides their pretence of modestie to fulfill the saying of Zacharie The family of Dauid shall mourne apart and their wiues apart c. If he which carrieth the booke should stumble or fall it were ominous and should portend much euill These two Officers fold vp the booke as before and then come all and kisse the same and then it is carried to his place with singing After this they end their Prayers as at other times saying Lord leade mee in thy righteousnesse because of mine enemies direct thy way before me And The Lord keepe my going out and comming in from henceforth for euer Which they also say when they goe foorth on a iourney or to worke §. III. Of the Iewish Sabbath THey prepare themselues to the obseruation of their Sabbath by diligent prouision on the Friday before night of the best meates well dressed especially the women prouide them good Cakes They honour the Sabbath with three bankets first on the Friday night when their Sabbath beginneth another on the Sabbath day at noone the third before sunne-set Eate yee it to day to day is the Sabbath of the Lord to day yee shall not find it Manna in the field do you not see To day thrice mentioned and therefore by Moses owne ordaining that Manna must so often bee eaten on the Sabbath The richest Iewes and most learned Rabbins disdaine not some or other office at chopping of hearbs kindling the fire or somewhat toward this preparation The Table remaineth couered all that night and day They wash and if need
hurle after him a broken sherd signifying that with him all heauinesse should bee expelled and broken When they are come to the place of buriall they say Blessed be GOD which hath formed you with iudgement and iustice hath created fed sustained and at last hath depriued you of life speaking to the dead Hee knoweth the number of you all and will quicken you againe in his time Blessed be God which doth to die and maketh aliue Let the dead liue with my carkasse let them rise againe Awake and reioyce yee that lie in dust because thy dew is the dew of light and the earth shall cast foorth her dead This the Minister sayth alone then he goeth on with a long prayer of three and twenty sentences which the people say after him going about the sepulchre They call this prayer Tzidduck haddin the subiect whereof is the iustice of GOD calling for pardon in the name of Abraham Isaac and Iacob acknowledging that by three things the foundations of the world are founded the Law worship and piety to the dead calling for deliuerance for the bloud of his seruants shed in the 856. yeere for the confession of his holy Name and for the merit of the onely-begotten which was seuen and thirty yeeres old in whose place a Ramme was taken concluding with mention of their Captaines slaine in the 136. yeere Heere they take downe the corps and then the Minister singeth the people following This is the way of the world let him sleepe in peace c. Yee Fathers of the world which sleepe in Hebron open vnto him the gates of the garden of Eden and say His comming be in peace Yee euerlasting hills of the double caue open vnto him the gates of the garden of Eden and bid him welcome Yee Angels of peace go forth to meete him vnlocke to him the gates of Paradise Yee keepers of the treasures of the garden of Eden open the gates and let N. enter enioy the fruites of Paradise good things bee at his right hand pleasant things at his left Heare this O Lord and let his comming be in peace Then lay they him into the ground and his neerest kinsmen cast in the first earth after which they turne to the East with diuers other blessings When they returne they blow themselues backwards three times and throw grasse ouer their heads signifying their hope of the resurrection according to that Es 66.14 and your bones shall bud as the grasse saying also Dust thou art and to Dust thou shalt returne Then doth euery one mutter a Prayer to himselfe as he goeth out of the buriall place In the porch of the Synagogue God shall destroy death for euer say they and wipe away all teares from their eyes and will take away their reproach from all the earth for the Lord hath spoken it Then enter they into the Synagogue and leape vp and downe and change their Seates seuen times and there say ouer their Purgatorie-prayer Kaddisch The Mourners goe bare-foote seuen dayes and eate not Flesh nor drinke Wine except on the Sabbaths and Festiuals They bathe not in three and thirty dayes after cut not their nayles worke not make a pittifull howling c. The first night the Mourner eateth nothing of his owne but meate sent him from his friendes The childe mourneth for his Father a yeere The sonne eleuen moneths saith ouer his Kaddisch for meane sinners are freed sooner but the wicked stay the whole twelue moneths and therefore to persist the twelfth moueth in his prayer should be to acknowledge his father a wicked man And for the effect hereof Rabbi Akibha met once in the way a man with an Asse-like burthen of stickes which vpon examination confessed That hee was a Purgatorie-ghost carrying to burne himselfe such bundles euery day Rabbi Akibha enquired if hee had a Sonne or Wife and where and finding out his sonne taught him this prayer which was so effectuall that in a dreame this Ghost returned to the Rabbi with thankes for his deliuerance and sayd hee was now in Gan Eden or Paradise Rabbi Akibha signified this to the Iewish Synagogues with iniunction to teach their Children this prayer But to returne to our Funerals when they are come backe to the mourning house they wash their hands but obserue not the Mosaicall Rites because the Temple is not standing Then doe they powre out a long blessing ouer a cup of Wine and another ouer their Meate exceeding much longer Their Purgatorie-Prayer or as Genebrard calleth it their Requiem vel libera is this It is better to go into the house of mourning then into the house of feasting in which is the end of all men which let the liuing remember Let vs heare the end Feare GOD and keepe his Commandements this is the dutie of euery man A sure rest in the high habitation vnder the wings of GOD in the degree of the Saints shining as the brightnesse of the skie The change of bonds pardon of sinnes grant of saluation indulgence and mercie from the sight of him which dwels in Heauen and a portion in the life to come there let the portion be and the dwelling of the soule of the wise Master N. The Spirit of the Lord make him to rest in Gan Eden and giue him peace as it is written in Esay Let peace come and let him rest in beds walking before it he and all the deceased of Israel through his mercie Amen They write also on the Tombe Let his soule bee in the Garden of Eden Amen Or Let his soule bee bound in the bundle of life And sometimes Thou art the Tombe of N. which departed into Eden such a day of such a moneth and yeere Thus poore Purgatorie with Iewes and Romists is preached by walking Ghosts They haue a light burning for the dead seuen dayes They powre the water out of the doores because the Angell of Death washed his sword lately vsed in water and enuenometh it This his sword he holdeth in his hand at the beds head hauing on the end thereof three drops of gall The sicke man spying this Deadly Angell openeth his mouth with feare then those drops fall in of which one killeth him the second maketh him pale the third rotteth and putrifieth Elias Leuita addeth that after a man is dead the Angell of Death commeth and sitteth on his Graue and presently the soule entreth into his body and hee maketh him stand on his feet hauing to that purpose in his hand a chayne halfe of yron and halfe of fire wherewith hee striketh him At the first blow his members are dissolued at the second his bones are scattered then come the Angels and gather them at the third hee is brought to dust and ashes and returneth into his Graue And this sayth R. Meir is more grieuous then the iudgement of Hell for the iust and the sonnes of the Princes and abortiues are iudged therewith except they which dye on the Eeuen
of those which haue since succeeded them in habitation in sinne in iudgement And where might wee better stay or what part of the world can yeeld such varietie and multiplicitie of obiects to both the eyes of the minde Curiositie and Deuotion No where such manifold alterations and diuisions of state so diuersified a Map of Nature so multiplied rites of Religion in such differing sects of Heathens Hebrewes Mahumetans Christians No where Antiquitie shewing a grauer countenance no where the Monuments of such mercies the spectacles of such iudgements such consolations such desolations such ambition of Potentates and forraine sutors from the East the West the North the South such Miracles such Oracles such confluence of Pilgrims looking as farre opposite as Sampsons Foxes with as fierie diuisions whether in differing heresies of one or differing names of diuers Deuotions both Catholike and Hereticall Iewes Saracens and Christians concurring in visiting adorning adoring these places with Titles and Rites of Holinesse How often hath this country emtied our Westerne world with Armes and Armies to recouer it and the Easterne in like manner to retaine it How often hath it brought Armies of Angelicall spirits out of the highest Heauens to couer these Hilles with Chariots and Horses of fire round about the holy men of GOD How oft But what speake I of Men or Angels GOD himselfe loued the gates of Sion more then all the dwellings of the world and IESVS CHRIST the Angell of the Couenant true GOD and perfect MAM here was borne here liued practised died ascended and hence he sent his Apostles to bee Fathers of men that the sonnes of men might bee made the heires of GOD co-heires with himselfe After the Iewes for reiecting him were reiected out of both the heauenly and earthly Canaan this countrey was inhabited partly by Roman Colonies there planted for securitie of the countrey by the Roman Emperours partly by such Syrians as submitted themselues peaceably to the Roman Empire both that Ethnike before Constantine and after in farre more flourishing estate vnder the Christian Emperours till the daies of vn-christian Phocas This was the murtherer of Mauritius his Lord the vsurper of the Empire the exalter of the Roman See vnto the Ecclesiasticall Supremacie with as good right as himselfe had to the state a monster of mankinde vnder whom the Empire was neere an vtter ouerthrow as by the Hunnes Auares and other Nations in the West so especially by the Persians in the East whose Emperour Chosroes ouerthrew that Armie which had conspired against Mauricius and in the fourth yeere of Phocas ouer-ranne Mesopotamia and Syria in the next yeere after carried much prey and many captiues out of all Syria Palestina and Phoenicia in the seuenth yeere of his raigne possessed Armenia Galatia Paphlagonia and spoiled all as farre as Chalcedon Yet saith Cedrenus Phocas did more harme at home then the enemy in the field At the same time the Iewes made a commotion at Antioch and slew besides many other Citizens Anastasius the Patriarch in despight also putting his priuitiues in his mouth But the Iewes paid much bloud for this butcherie and Phocas also himselfe the chiefe Butcher was most mercilesly butchered presently after by Heraclius his successour They tell of a Reuelation to a certaine Holy man that GOD had made Phocas Emperour because hee could not finde a worse man by whom to punish that people which I mention that the world might see what a good Mid-wife Rome then in trauel had to helpe her babe Antichrist into the world But to returne to the Storie Heraclius could not withstand the Persian insolence but lost in his first yeere Apamea and Edessa and in the next Caesarea from whence they carried many thousands into captiuitie in the fourth Damascus was taken and in the fifth Ierusalem where by reason of the Iewish crueltie who bought all the Christians they could to slaughter them there were slaine ninetie thousand Zacharias the Patriarch together with the holy Crosse and exceeding store of captiues and spoile were carried into captiuitie The next yeere they ouercame Egypt Africa and Ethiopia Chosroes neglects all ouertures of peace made to him by Heraclius except they would deny their crucified God and worship the Sunne He also caused the Christians in his dominion to become Nestorians the cause perhaps why almost all the farre Easterne Christians to this day are or at least are called Nestorians Against him Heraclius continued a six yeeres expedition in which hee ouerranne his countries ouerthrew his Armies sacked his Cities Castles and Palaces and at last assisted his eldest sonne Siroes whom Chosroes sought to dis-herit against him who tooke him and hauing before exposed him to all contumelious insultations and almost starued him in a darke prison and slaine all his other children in his sight with abominable tyrannie shot his tyrannicall father to death So died Chosroes a successour of Sennacherib in the dominion of many the same countries subiection to the like blasphemous impietie and reward by like parricide Heraclius in the ninteenth yeere of his raigne visiteth Ierusalem restoring the captiued crosse and Patriarch by restitution of Siroes He banished thence all the Iewes prohibiting by Edict that none should come neere it by three miles §. II. Of the Saracens and Turkes in Palestina THe Saracens had done good seruice in rhese wars against the Persians which in the time of Heraclius began a new Religion and Empire vnder Mahomet the founder of both the second after whom Omar ouerthrew Theodorus the brother of Heraclius in battell and after him another Theodorus and Boanes his Generals forced the Emperour to abandon Syria carrying the holy crosse from Ierusalem to Constantinople In the 26. of Heraclius hee entred Ierusalem hypocritically and pseudoprophetically clothed in a homely garment of Camels haire and sought out the place of Salomons Temple there to erect another subduing soone after the whole Persian State and a great part of the Roman Anno Dom. 641. did Homar build his Temple at Ierusalem with incredible costs in matter and workmanship enriching the same with many and large possessions and reuenues in the Musaike worke of the inner and outward part thereof expressing in Arabike letters the Author time and charges of the building The forme whereof is thus described by William Archbishop of Tyrus The Church-yard was square about a bow-shot in length and bredth compassed with a high wall hauing on the West square two gates one on the North and another on the East on the South was the Palace On euery of these gates and on the corners were high steeples on which at certaine houres the Priests after the Saracenicall manner called them to prayers In this compasse none were suffered to dwell nor to enter but with bare and washed feet Porters being assigned to that purpose In the midst of this square was another somewhat higher whereto they ascended by staires in two places on the West
Cortes had demanded whether Mutezuma had Gold Teudilli affirmed and Cortes replyed That hee and his fellowes had a Disease of the heart whereunto Gold was the best remedie Mutezuma sent him many Cotton-clothes of diuers colours many Tuffes of Feathers two Wheeles the one of Siluer with the signe of the Moone and the other of Gold made like the Sunne which they hold for Gods and giue vnto them the colours of the Metals most like them Each Wheele was two yards and a halfe broad These with other parts of the Present were esteemed worth twenty thousand Duckets Mutezuma also professed ioy to heare of so great a Prince and so strange people and promised prouision of all necessaries but was very vnwilling that Cortes should come to see him as he pretended Yet Cortes persisted in that his desire of seeing Mutezuma that hee might further acquaint himselfe with the knowledge of those parts The silly Indians hauing neuer seene such strange sights came daily to the Campe to see them and when they heare the Ordnance discharged they fell downe flat thinking the Heauens had falne the ships they thought were the God of the Ayre called Quezalcouolt which came with the Temples on his backe for they daily looked for him Amongst the rest or rather aloofe off from the rest were certaine Indians of differing habit higher then the other and had the gristles of their Noses slit hanging ouer their mouthes and Rings of Iet and Amber hanging thereat their nether lips also bored and in the holes Rings of Gold and Turkesse-stones which weighed so much that their lips hung ouer ther chinnes leauing their teeth bare This vglinesse they accounted gallantry and such vncouth deformity to be the only brauery And thou Gallant that readest and deridest this madnesse of Fashion if thine eyes were not dazeled with lightnesse light I cannot cal it of selfe-reflected Vanitie mightest see as Monster-like fashions at home and a more fashionly Monster of thy selfe thy Clothes and Othes thy Gestures and Vestures make thy naked Deformitie worse then their thus deformed nakednesse both indeed seeme to haue receiued some Hellish Character if there may be bodily representation of that olde Serpent in these new Fashions striuing who shall shape himselfe neerest to that mishapen vglinesse wherein the Indianiagges himselfe out of humane lineaments the other swaggers himselfe further out of all Ciuill and Christian Ornaments But these Fashion-mongers haue made mee almost out of my fashion and to forget my selfe in remembring their forgetfulnesse These Indians of this New-cut Cortes caused to come to him and learned that they were of Zempoallan a Citie distant thence a dayes Iourney whom their Lord had sent to see what Gods were come in those Teucallis that is Temples so it seemeth that they called the ships which held no conuersation with the other Indians as being not subiect to Mutezuma but onely as they were holden in by force He gaue them certaine toyes and was glad to heare that the Indians of Zempoallan and other their Neighbors were not wel affected to Mutezuma but readie as farre as they durst to entertaine all occasions of war with him He sayled from thence to Panuco and passed the Riuer farther till he came to a little Towne where was a Temple with a little Towre and a Chappell on the top ascended by twentie steps in which they found some Idols many bloudie Papers and much Mans bloud of those which had beene sacrificed the blocke also whereon they cut open those Sacrifices and the Razors made of flint wherewith they opened their brests which strucke the Spaniards with some horrour and feare They passed a little further and there hauing taken possession in the Emperours name of the whole Country they founded the Towne De la vera Crux Cortes resigning his authoritie and Officers being elected and lastly all with generall consent appointing Cortes their Captaine §. II. CORTES his Expedition to Mexico and entertainment by MVTEZVMA COrtes went forward to Zempoallan where hee was solemnely receiued and lodged in a great House of Lime and Stone whited with Playster that shined in the Sunne as if it had beene Siluer so did the Siluer-conceits of the Spaniards imagine the desire of that Metall hauing made such an impression in their imagination that they told Cortes before he came at it they had seene a House with wals of Siluer Here and at Chiauiztlan Cortes incited them to rebell against Mutezuma and to become seruants to the Spaniards which they did and hee vnder-hand so wrought that Mutezuma tooke him for his friend All his intent was to fish in troubled waters and to set them both by the eares that hee might watch opportunitie to benefit himselfe His owne people rebelled some of whom he chastised with the halter and the whip for example to the rest and after caused all his shâ—ps to be sunke closely that they should not minde any returne Hee left an hundred and fifty men for the guard of the new Towne vnder Pedro de Henrico and with foure hundred Spaniards fifteene Horses and sixe Peeces of Artillery and 1300. Indians they went from Zempoallan and came to Zaclotan the Lord whereof was Olintler the subiect of Mutezuma who to testifie his ioy and to honour Cortes commanded fifty men to be sacrificed whose bloud they saw new and fresh They carried the Spaniards on their shoulders sitting on Beeres such as whereon they vse to carry dead men He bragged as much of the power of Mutezuma as the Spaniards of their Emperour Hee said hee had thirty Vassals each of which was able to bring into the field an hundred thousand men of warre and sacrificed twenty thousand men yeerely to the Gods in this he somewat exceeded the other was true although some yeeres the Sacrifices also were thought to amount to fifty thousand This Towne was great and had thirteene Temples in each of which were many Idols of stone of diuers fashions before whom they sacrificed Men Doues Quailes and other things with great perfumes and veneration Here Mutezuma had fiue thousand Souldiers in Garrison Cortes passed from thence to Mexico by the Frontiers of Tlaxcallon which were enemies to Mutezuma whom he might easily haue ouercome but reserued partly for the exercise of his subiects to the war partly for the Sacrifices to his Gods These ioyned an hundred and fifty thousand men against Cortes taking him for Mutezuma's friend and yet euery day sent him Guinny-cocks bread partly to espy his strength and partly in a brauery lest their glory should bee obscured in the conquest of men already starued But when in many skirmishes and fights they could not preuaile against that handfull of Spaniards they thought they were preserued from harme by inchantments and sent him three presents with this message that if he were that rigorous god which eateth mans flesh he should eate those fiue slaues which they brought him and they would bring
a Iewish Dreame of her 160 Rebellions at Cufa 1022 Reconciliation-Fast 112. 197 198 Rechabites 125 Red Sea or Arabian Gulfe 582 seq Ilands therein ibidem Red Sea why so called 775. seq The chiefe Townes and Ilands in the Red Sea 777 sequitur Reisbuti or Rasboots a people subiect to the Mogoll 534. Their Countrey Religion and Rites 535. 536 Religion whence the word deriued 17. 18. How differing from Superstition called Ean-fastnesse 18. Described ibidem The vse thereof 26. It is naturall to men ibid. It is not policie nor by policie can bee abolished 27. True Religion can bee but one 27. 28 Men will rather be of false then no Religion ibidem 301 391 Religion the most mortall Make-bate 75. What was the Religion of the World before the Floud 28. 29. Whom the Heathens cal-Religious 46. Peruerters of Religion 55. 70. 75. Times religius obserued in China 47 Religions of Christians Moores and Ethnicks compared for store of followers 320 Reliques of the Arke 35. Of Mahumetans 281. Of an Apes Tooth 295. Of the Ship Argo 320. Of Adams foot-print 381 Repentance 257 Resurection denyed by the Sadduces 138. By the Samaritans ibid. Confessed by the Ancient Pharisees 126. Their three opinions thereof ibid. Denyed to Vsurers 257. Of women in male sexe 261. Resurrection of Birds and Beasts 314. Turkish opinion of the Resurrection 313 Rhameses an Aegyptian King 632 Rheubarb plentifull 413 Rhinoceros of Bengala 509 Rhinoceros of the Aire a Fowle 742. And of the Sea ibid. Rice plenteous in Pegu 498. 499 Rich Carpet 1019 Riphath and Riphaean Hils 37 Rimmon an Idoll of the Syrians 74 Rings worne in Eares Nose and Lips 873 Riuers worshipped 509. 510 Riuers of Paradise 18. Of Adonis 78. Of Iordan 90 Sabbaticall 109. Of the Hircans 361 Riuers running vnder ground 65 Riuer in Laos running backwards two moneths 489 Riuers made by hand many and great in China 455 Riuers loosing themselues in Sands 579. Great Riuers in America 793. Abassian Riuers 840. The Riuer Plate and Countries adioyning 920 Riuer-horse 623. 714 Rhodes the description thereof 584 Rhodians 39 Rihi a Sauage people 1032 Roundnesse of the World 9 Rowland a name frequent with the Colchians 348 Ruck a fabulous Bird 780 Russian Obseruations 973. sequitur Russes conuerted to Christianitie 1038 S SA Scha Saha Shaugh Xa Persian titles 365. 366 Saads cruelty 1015 Saba and Queene of Saba 225 330. 331. 332. 753. The Citie Saba described 748. 753. 754 Sabaea Regio thurifera 37 Sabbaticus a Riuer in Syria 109 A Discourse of the Sabbaticall Riuer 581. 582. A tale of a Iew that thought hee had met with the Sabbaticall Riuer 580 Sabbatha a City in Arabie Foelix 37 Sabbatharians 123 Sabbaticall yeere 99 Sabbaticall yeere of the Iewes and Samaritans 109 Sabbatary Soule of the Iewes 193 Sabbaticall Superstition of the Iewes 107. 108. 127. 192. 193 Sabbath why so called 106. A generall name ibid. Sabbath why called the Lords Day 20 Sabbath how farre Moral and Ceremoniall 15. 20. 108. Obiections answered 19. 20. 21 Sabbath of Christians 20. 21. Of Iewes 106. 109. 174. 192. Of Aethiopians 111. Of Turks 310 311. Of Peguans on Munday 507. In Iaua arbitrary in Guinea on Tuesday 718. 719. So likewise in Paucora 813 Sabbetha and his Posteritie 37 Sabtlieca and Sechalitae 37 Sabyrians 439 Sacrament of the Rain-bow 36 37 Sacrifices of Cain and Abell 27 28. Kinds of Sacrifices 28 Sacrifices consumed by fire from Heauen ibid. Sacrifice but the Apparell of Diuine worship 30 Sacrifices of the Cyrenians and Iewes 110. 115. Of Mahumemetans 273. 274. Phaenician Sacrifices 81 Sacrifices to Moloch 86. Of Arabians 227. Of Taurica 234 Galatians 329. Of Meander 337. Araxes 345. Armenians 344. Albanians 346. Scythians 397. Aegyptians at Idythya 402. Busiris 594. At Heliopolis 599. Of the Carthaginians 672. Of the Blemmies 683. Aethiopians 745. Falsly supposed of Virginians 775. In Florida 846. Panuco 853 Zaclota 920. Tezcuco 932 Of Mexicans how begunne 871 Increased 872. To their Goddesses ibid. The strange fashion of their Sacrificing 871. The Rites of humane Sacrifice 872 Sacrifices of the Iewes of eight sorts and their rites 115 Sacrifices of the Persians 373. Daily ibid. Rites of their Sacrificing 374. 375. 376. Of the Philippinas 603. Selfe-sacrificing of the Banians 240 241. Of the Nayros 553. Narsinga 580. Amouchi 638 At Quilacare 890. Iapanders 595. Humane Sacrifices at Peru 945 Sacae their Habitation and rites 399 Sacriledge how punished 120 Sachoniatho 76 Sagadana 579 Saga 350 Sabatius Saga 351 Sagada hoc riuer 683 Saddai a name of God what it signifieth 4 Sadducees the History of them 129. 130. Their crueltie ibid. Difference betwixt them and the Samaritans 138 Sanhedrin vide Elders Saints in Turkie 316. 317. 318 In Aegypt vide Nafissa Saladine 657 Salmanasar 136 Saints of Pagans 999 Salomons building the Temple 102 Salamander 565 Salsette and the Rites there 545 Salt-hill 84 Salt deare sold 722. How made ibid. Saltnesse cause of motion in the Sea 573. 574 Samarcheneth a Citie 149 Samarchand the Citie of the great Tamerlane 425 Samaria how situate 93. 136 Samaritan Sect 136. sequitur The hatred betweene them and the Iewes 137. Difference from the Sadducees 138 Samaritan Chronicle 138 Samaritan Letters and Temple 138 Samosata Lucians Birth place 68 Samoits or Samoeds 431. Their Rites 432. sequitur Their hardship and manner of trauell 432. 433. Their Images Religion Persons ibid. Samiel Semixas names of Deuils 32 Samatra the Historie thereof 612 613. The King thereof a Fisherman how hee came to the Crowne 613. 614. His Admirall Attendants Women c. ibid. The present King attended by Boyes and women ibid. His entertainments to the English 613. His letter to our King 614. His cruelties 615 Samsaeins or Sunners 133. 134 Sanballat 136. 137 Sanctuary at Tauium 325. At Ephesus 336. Canopus and other places 362 Sandars three sortes thereof 570 Sopores King of Persia his reigne 361. 362 Sangene tocoro in Iapon 586 Sangius Draconis 779 Saraca the name of an Arabian Citie 230 Saracens who and why so called 215. 229. 230. 657. Their Ancient Rites ibidem Their Religion 230. 231. Their Warres vnder Mahumet and his Successors 232. sequitur Diuisions 233. Their Califes and exploits 234. 236. sequitur Their learning and learned men 240. 241. Their Story of Mahomets life 244. 245. sequitur Their opinion of the Alcoran 258. 259. The Saracenicall Conquest and Schisme in Persia 378. 379. What Countrey of the East they possessed 657. More Saracens then Christians ibid. Captaine Saris his trauels and commendation 589. 590 Sardanapalus his Conquests 61 His destruction 61. 62. His Monument ibidem How much goods perished with him ibid. Sardis Mother Citie of Lydia 339 Sarmatians 37. 407 Sasquesahanockes a Giantly people in Virginia 842. Their Rites 843. 844 Saturni who so called 45 Saturnus the same with Cain 45 Saturne of the Phaenicians 77 His other names 80 Satourioua his Acts
that egge R. Papa answereth that he would neuer haue beleeued it but that hee saw it I hope they will pardon vs if wee be of the same minde But would you not faine heare of a man holding like proportion then let R. Saul tell you of his aduentures in the burying of a dead corps where hee encountred with a bone of a man into which there flew a Rauen and the Rabbi would needs follow after to see what became of her and so he went he went three leagues in the hollow of the same bone and could find no end therof and therfore returned so he perceiued it was one of the bones of Og the Giant whom Moses had slaine Perhaps you will maruell how Moses could atchieue such an exploit Forsooth you must vnderstand that Moses was ten cubits high and had an Axe ten cubits long and leaped other ten cubits in the ayre and so gaue the deadly blow to Og who it seemes was layde along in some deepe Trench or else you will thinke the Rabbine lyed Tush your incredulitie makes you vnworthy to heare their storie of R. Osua who beguiled the Angell of Death of whom when hee came to smite him hee would in kindnesse needs learne his future place in Paradise wherewith the deadly Angell was content and went with him yea for his securitie at his request resigned his deadly weapon into his hands Thus at last they came at Paradise where hee shewed him his place which he desirous to take better view of required his helpe to lift him higher and then with a quicke deliuerie leapt into Paradise Thus did the poore coozened Angell misse his prey and was glad with much a-doe to recouer his sword from the Rabbine And that you might see their skill no lesse in Cosmographie then Theologie Another was carryed to the place where Heauen and Earth meete and kisse each other where whiles hee might take the more diligent view in obseruing those parts which the Frier of Oxford neuer saw nor Faustus with his Mephostophilos hee hanged his Cloake on a window in Heauen and suddenly it was conueyed out of sight Hereat amazed that there should bee theeues in Heauen a voyce told him it was the heauens motion and at such an houre the next day he might attend and againe obtaine his Cloake which hee did accordingly But to take view of other strange creatures make roome I pray for another Rabbi with his Bird and a great deale of roome you will say is requisite Rabbi Kimchi on the 50. Psalme auerreth out of Rabbi Iehudah that Ziz is a bird so great that with spreading abroad his wings hee hideth the Sunne and darkneth all the world And to leape backe into the Talmud a certaine Rabbi sayling on the Sea saw a bird in the middle of the sea so high that the water reached but to her knees whereupon he wished his companions there to wash because it was shallow Doe it not saith a voyce from heauen for it is seuen yeeres space since a Hatchet by chance falling out of a mans hand in this place and alwaies descending is not yet come at the bottome I perceiue by your incredulous smiles you will scarce beleeue that a Lyon in the wood Ela roared suddenly that all the women in Rome foure hundred miles from thence for very horror proued abortiue and when he came an hundred miles neerer his terrible noyse shooke the teeth out of all the Romans heads and the Emperour himselfe that caused the Rabbi to obtaine of GOD by his prayer to make this triall of the Lion fell downe from his Throne halfe dead and with much importunity requested his helpe to cause him retire to his denne But this roaring hath al most marred our Feast §. III. Their Messias his Feast OVr Wine you haue heard of fetched out of Adams Celler Esay 27.2.3 and Psal. 75.9 Before the Feast Messias will cause these prety creatures Behemoth and Leuiathan to play together and make them sport but when they haue wearied themselues in the fight Messias with his sword shall kill them both Esa 27.1 Then followeth the Feast and afterwards his Marriage Kings Daughters shall bee among thine honourable women at thy right hand standeth the Queene in the golde of Ophir Amongst the Messias his excellent women Rabbi Kimchi expoundeth shall bee Kings Daughters for euery King shall repute it to his owne glory to bestow a daughter on the Messias But the true Queene shall bee one of the fairest Israelites daughters and shall continually conuerse with him whereas the others must come onely at call He shall thus beget children which shall raigne after him Esay 53.10 when he is dead Now the state of the Iewes in his time shall be such that the Christians shall freely build them houses and Cities and till their grounds and bestow on them their goods yea Princes shall serue them and they shall walke in faire garments Esa 60.10 11 12. and Esa 61.5 6. The ayre also shall be new and wholesome Esa 65.17 by the benefit whereof they shall abide sound and liue long and in their age bee as fresh as if they were yong Psal. 92.14.15 The Wheat once sowne shall alway grow vp of it selfe no otherwise then the Vines Hosea 14.8 And if any shall desire any raine for his field or garden or one hearb by it selfe he shall haue it Zach. 10.11 Then shall be peace among men and beasts Hos 2.19 Esa 11.7 If there arise any warre among the Gentiles the Messias shall accord them Esa 2.4 They shall liue in great felicitie full of the knowledge and praise of GOD The earth shall be full hereof c. The Talmud also speaketh of a thousand yeeres wherein the world shall be renewed somewhat like the opinion of some Ancients in the Primitiue Church in which time the iust shall haue wings giuen them like Eagles whereby they may flie ouer the face of the waters But the bodies of the iust which shall rise againe shall neuer returne to dust Ricius in this and many other of their absurdities seekes to giue an allegoricall interpretation but which of the Heathen haue not so patronized their superstitions and Idolatries as appeareth in the Poets Philosophers Chaldaean and Egyptian Priests whose mysticall learning cannot free their religions from being mysteries of iniquitie Sixe thousand yeeres the world endureth saith R. Katina and a thousand yeere shall be a desolation and GOD onely shall be exalted in that day for one thousand yeeres is one day of the Lord as it is written A thousand yeeres in thy sight are as yesterday and this is a Sabbath wherein shall be the feastings aboue mentioned And thus did Elias affirme as is said two thousand yeeres the world was emptie two thousand the Law and two thousand Messias but for the sins of men that is wanting which we see wanting This last clause Ricius saith is added by the Talmudists which
vp the fountaines of teares Euen he which writ the Historie of these things quorum pars magna fuit George Phranza Counseller and great Chancellor to the Emperour might much moue vs with his owne particular himselfe sold to one his wife to another his daughter richly espoused now married to the Seraâ—le-slauerie his sonne slaine with the Sultans owne hand for not being obsequious to his beastly lust if particular and priuate cases could finde any proper place in publike calamities and if the Emperours owne Historie were not as some haue told it more tragicall O Sunne how could thy brightnesse endure to see such hideous spectacles but clouds of shot dust and smoake hid them from thee O Earth which otherwhiles at that time of the yeere deckest thy selfe with thy fairest roabes embroidered with varietie of flowers how wast thou then couered with dead carkasses and furrowed with rills of bloud O GOD that the sinnes of man should thus prouoke thy iustice by vniust and sinfull instruments to punish iniustice and sinne and to chastise thy Christian seruants by Antichristian and deuillish enemies Iust art thou O Lord and iust are thy iudgements which in iudgement remembrest mercy which sauest the soules of thine in and by the affliction of their bodies but wilt cast this Rod of thy wrath into a fire that neuer shall be quenched But mee thinkes I heare some excepting at this long digression and quarrelling at this Tragedie in stead of the proceeding Historie Shall I craue pardon Or shall I rather desire the Reader a little to consider with mee in this narration of Constantinople as the Map and Epitome of Easterne Christendome the miserable and perplexed estate of all Easterne Christians by like meanes brought and trampled vnder the feet of the Ottoman Horse The larger storie of their rites and opinions is reserued to another taske this I haue propounded as the glasse of their miseries that being now to take leaue of the Turkes wee might not so much honour them with this peale of Rhetorical Ordnance as by this mirror of miserie be touched with feare in our selues for like punishments if in time we meet not God with repentance and remembring the afflictions of Ioseph to pray for those our brethren that God would haue mercy on them and giue them patience and in his time deliuerance They which would take more view of the miseries of Christians vnder the Turke may in Viues Georgiouitz Septemcastrensis and others read them for mee the parallels of the Turkish and Christian Hirarchy was some occasion of this digression touching which let mee borrow a few words with our Reader Mahomet the Conqueror for the repeopling of the Citie pretended great fauour to the Christians gaue them licence to elect a new Patriarch whom he honoured with the wonted rites and solemnities and vouchsafed to conferre with him about the Christian mysteries for his mother was a Christian and he himselfe addicted to studies of learning being skilfull in the Greeke Chaldee Persian Latin Arabike besides his Turkish languages professing knowledge also in Astrologie and receiued at the hands of this Patriarch his name was Gennadius a large treatise thereof yet extant in Greeke and Turkish and gaue him diuers priuiledges But things fained cannot continue and partly through his owne couetousnesse partly through the ambition and disagreeing of the Clergie heauie fines were imposed on them and the Seat receiued in his time nine successions and eight in the raigne of Baiazet his sonne and so groneth vnder that burthen to this day And howsoeuer the Patriarch enioyeth Spirituall and Ecclesiasticall respect amongst the Christians yet is hee contemned of the Turkes some of them vpbraiding both him and other Christians with the names of dogs Ethnicks vnbeleeuers and the like zealous Rhetorick nor is he admitted a roome amongst the Bassaes except when he brings his tribute of 4000. duckets with almost as much besides to the Bassaes and other officers In his Monastery and Patriarchiall Church and Palace are no Bishops or great Prelates nourished but a few Monks and some Lay-officers and Counsellors Hee sometimes but seldome preacheth on some chiefe Feasts at the Consecration of some Bishop or Archbishop and very little preaching they haue amongst them and that which is in the old pure Greeke which very few of them vnderstand thinking it sufficient if two or three of their audience conceiue them and very few can preach They haue not the Scriptures in the vulgar Greeke The reuenue of the Patriarch is about 20000. Dollers They gather much in their Churches and hee sendeth his Collector to gather abroad and the other Prelates pay an annuitie to him To preuent abuses from Turkes he hath a Ianizarie or two at the Church-doore in the time of the Lyturgie They reade in their Churches great Legends of the lies of Saints as well as the Papists Their Religion is almost altogether in rites like the other The difference betweene new and old Rome was one principall occasion of the losse of Constantinople as appeareth by the Emperour Iohn his going to Rome to sollicite ayde which had been giuen him but for refusing a Papall ceremonie and the proceedings of the Councell of Florence The Patriarkes of Alexandria Antiochia and Ierusalem acknowledge this of Constantinople Oecumenicall and his iurisdiction extendeth through Asia Minor the Archipelago Greece Mysia Walachia Moldavia Dalmatia Russia and Muscouia The Calogeri or Monkes haue their Gardens and Vineyards which they till and dresse with their owne hands to sustaine themselues The other Patriarchs also pay a yeerely tribute to the Turke The Priests are poore and liue of Almes and the prices of their holies which are most gainefull in exequies The Laitie is no lesse miserable for the most part of spare diet but giuen to drinking Both Iewes and Christians pay for themselues and euery of their Children aboue twelue yeeres old a Ducket by the poll and much more for the maintenance of the Nauie besides their tribute-children for Ianizaries The Greekes are ignorant and vnlearned and haue exiled in a blinde zeale Poeticall and Philosophicall Authors for feare of pollution to their studies And as Simeon Cabasilas writ to Crusias they haue about seuentie Dialects of the Moderne Greeke tongue the purest of which is at Constantinople the most barbarous of all O Times at Athens O ATHENS before called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Greece of Greece and that which the sight is in the eye that which the minde is in the soule such was Athens in Greece Seat of the Muses Graces Empire Arts O ATHENS but I am forced silence Let Zygomal an eye-witnesse speake There now saith hee remaines no more but the skin thereof her selfe is long since dead the True Athens and Helicon are come into our Westene parts And how can any of them labour in learning which must labour to liue Necessitie hath no law no learning Euen we here now behold a
also buried his wealth Plinie out of Isigorus affirmeth that a people called Albani not these I thinke if any were hoarie haired from their childhood and saw as well by night as by day §. IIII. Of Colchis or Mengrelia MENGRELIA sometime Colchis adioyneth to the Euxine Sea in which Countrey Strabo mentioneth the Temple of Leucothea builded by Phryxus where was also an Oracle and where a Ram might bee slaine This Temple was sometimes very rich but spoiled by Pharnax and after of Mithridates This country the Poets haue made famous by the fables of Phryxus and Iason Phryxus the sonne of Athemas Prince of Thebes and of Nephele with his sister Helle fled from their cruell stepdame Ino vpon the backe of a golden Ram from which Helle falling into the water gaue name thereto of her called Hellespont Phryxus comming safe into Colchis sacrificed to Iupiter and hanged vp the fleece of his Ram in the Groue of Mars which custome was yeerely practised of his posteritie Iason after by command of Pelias seeking by a barbarous enemy or a dangerous Nauigation to destroy him with fourescore and nineteene other companions in the Ship called Argo fetched this Fleece from hence by the helpe of Medaea and the Ship and the Ram filled Heauen with new Constellations That fable had ground of Historie howsoeuer by fictions obscured For the Riuers here in Colchis are reported to carrie gold downe with their streames and sands which the people take with boords bored full of holes and with fleeces of Wooll Spaine hath of late yeelded many such Argonauts with longer voyages seeking the golden Indian Fleece which their Indian conquest may make the Ensigne of their Order more fitly then the Burgundian inheritance Suidas applieth this Fleece and Ram to Bookes of Alchymie written in parchments made of Rams skins which Delrio accounteth an Art of Naturall Magicke and possible howsoeuer these Colchians as well as the Armenians Egyptians Persians and Chaldeans were infamous for that other which hee calleth Deuillish and Medaea is most renowned for that science the ignorance whereof is best learning Herodotus is of opinion that Sesostris left some of his Armie here at the Riuer Phasis perswaded hereunto by the agreement of the Colchians and Egyptians in the same ceremonie of Circumcision and in the like workes of Hempe Vadianus citeth out of Valerius Flaccus the like testimonie Plinie in his sixth Booke and fifth Chapter reporteth of Dioscurias a City of Colchis whilome so famous that Timosthenes affirmeth that three hundred Nations of differing languages liued in it and afterwards the Roman affaires were there managed by an hundred and thirtie Interpreters Cornelius Tac. saith that they accounted it vnlawfull to offer a Ram in Sacrifice because of Phryxus his Ram vncertaine whether it were a beast or the ensigne of his Ship They report themselues the issue of the Thessalonians §. V. Of the present Mengrelians and Georgians THe present Mengrelians are rude and barbarous defending themselues from the Turkes by their rough Hils and ragged Pouertie so inhumane that they sell their owne children to the Turks I reade not of any other Religion at this day amongst them but Christian such as it is Some adde these also to the Georgians The wiues of diuers of these people reported to bee exercised in Armes and Martiall feates happily gaue occasion to that Fable or Historie of the Amazons Busbequius saith that Colchos is a very fertile Countrey but the people idle and carelesse they plant their Vines at the foot of great Trees which marriage proueth very fruitfull the husbands armes being kindly embraced and plentifully laden They haue no money but in stead of buying and selling they vse exchange If they haue any of the more precious metals they are consecrated to the vse of their Temples whence the King can borrow them vnder pretence of publike good The King hath all his tributes payed in the fruits of the earth whereby his Palace becommeth a publike store-house to all commers When Merchants come they giue him a present and he feasteth them the more wine any man drinketh the more welcome hee is They are much giuen to belly-cheere dauncing and loose Sonnets of loue and dalliance They much caroll the name of Rowland or Orlando which name it seemeth passed to them with the Christian Armies which conquered the Holy Land No maruell if Ceres and Bacchus lead in Venus betwixt them which so ruleth in these parts that the husband bringing home a guest commends him to his wife and sister with charge to yeeld him content and delight esteeming it a ceedite that their wiues can please and bee acceptable Their Virgins become mothers verie soone most of them at ten yeeres old can bring witnesses in their armes little bigger then a great frogge which yet after grow tall and square men to proue that there is neuer a Maide the lesse for them Swearing they hold an excellent qualitie and to bee a fashion-monger in oathes glorious to steale cunningly winnes great reputation as of another Mercurie and they which cannot doe it are holden dullards and blocks When they goe into a Church they giue meane respect to other Images Saint George is so worshipped that his horses hoofes are kissed of them Dadianus the King of Colchos or Mengrelia came a suiter to Solyman while Busbequius was there Betwixt them and the Iberians their Neighbours is much discord And thus much of their present condition Haithon the Armenian extending the confines of Georgia to the great Sea saith In this Kingdome is a thing monstrous and wonderfull which I would not haue spoken nor beleeued had I not seene it with mine owne eyes In these parts there is a Prouince called Hamsem containing in circuit three dayes iourney and so farre is it couered with an obscure darknesse that none can see any thing nor dare any enter into it The Inhabitants thereabouts affirme that they haue often heard the voyce of men howling cocks crowing neighing of horses and by the passage of a Riuer it appeareth to haue signes of habitation This is reported by the Armenian Histories to haue come to passe by the hand of GOD so deliuering his Christian seruants by Sauoreus a Persian Idolater Lord of this place appointed to dye and so punishing with outward darknesse the inward former blindnesse and rage of those persecuting Idolaters Thus Haithonus or Antonius à Churchi for so Ortelius nameth him but this darknesse seemeth more ancient and to haue beene the cause of that prouerbe Cimmeriae tenebrae The Georgians girt in with two mightie aduersaries the Persian and the Turke haue endured much grieuance from them both and in the late warres especially from the Turke who hath taken and fortified many of their principall places of importance Gori Clisca Lori Tomanis Teflis the chiefe Citie of Georgia vnto which from Derbent there yet remaines the foundation of a high and thicke wall built
people of their money by many deuices as by selling them Scroles to keepe them by the Deuill from hurt of Deuils after death borrowing of money here to repay with great interest in the future World giuing the Creditor a Bill or Scroll of their hands for security by telling of things stolne or lost which they doe by Inchantments calling a Deuill into a child who being so possessed answereth their questions by selling their blessings and curses like Balaam Some by vow the most liue vnmarryed as the Bonzian women Another Sect called janambuxos before their admission into that Order liue two thousand or more together on a high Mountayne for the space of threescore dayes macerating themselues with selfe-inflicted penance the Deuill in diuers shapes meane-while appearing to them And after this they are receiued into that damnable Fellowship distinguished by white flockes hanging downe their neckes curled haire and blacke hats and so wander from place to place giuing notice of their comming by a little Bell. Another Sect called Genguis dwell on some high Hill blacke of complexion and as is supposed horned marrie Wiues of their owne kindred passe ouer great Riuers by the Deuils helpe who on a certaine Hill at times appointed appeareth to them of whom by the name of Amida he is worshipped In another Hill he was wont to appeare to his deuout followers whom then hee would lead as they thought to Paradise indeed to destruction They say that a Sonne not able to perswade his Father from this passage to Paradise secretly followed him with his Bow and Arrowes and when the Deuill appeared shot and wounded a Foxe whom he followed by the bloud to a Lake wherein he found many dead mens bones They haue another Vniuersity in Iapon called Coia whose Bonzian Students are of the Sect of Combendaxis supposed the Inuenter of the Iaponian Letters He in his old age digged a foure-square Caue into which hee conueyed himselfe affirming that hee then dyed not but after some Millions of yeeres would returne in the dayes of one Mirozu which then should be a most worthy King in Iapon About his Sepulchre burne many Lampes sent thither from diuers Nations with opinion that such as enrich that Monument shall themselues here be enriched and in the other life by Combendaxis patronized In the Colledges here liue sixe thousand of those Shauelings from whom women are restrayned vpon paine of death At Fatonochaiti the Bonzij trayned vp witty and proper youths in all trickes of subtlety and guile acquainting them with Genealogies of Princes that so they might counterfeit to bee the sonnes of such or such great men and borrowing money on that credit might enrich their wicked Colledge till the sleight being found they were killed of the Inhabitants There be that worship the Sunne and Moone who haue an Image with three heads which they say is the vertue of the Sunne Moone and Elements These worship the Deuill in visible shape appearing to them with many and costly Sacrifices Some Bonzij play the Physicians which burne certaine papers in which are written the sentences of Cam and Fotoch which papers being burnt they put the ashes in drinke and giue the same to cure diseases and with lyes to turne away lyes and fraudulent dealing Some hold Xacas booke in such veneration that without it they hold it impossible to bee saued Other Bonzij haue beene in other ages in high reputation of holinesse but one especially not a hundred yeeres since the author of the sect called Icoxos the Ruler or Generall of which sect is openly wicked but so adored of the people that if he but looke on them they will salute him with teares of ioy praying him that all their sinnes may bee pardoned and therewith giue him no small quantitie of their gold His yeerly festiuall is so honoured with thronging of the people that in the entrie of the Cloyster many are trodden vnder foot which yet is of the blinde people accounted a happinesse many willingly yeelding themselues to be killed in that presse And in the night whiles his prayses are sung there is a great howling and lamentation Nequiron was author of the sect Foquexan There is an Image or Colossus of Copper in the way from Ozaca to Sorungo called Dabis made hollow sitting vpon his heeles of huge greatnesse and yeelding a great sound if any hallow in the hollow thereof as some of Captaine Saris his companie did At Meaco he obserued one Temple as great as the body of Paules westward from the Quire with a stone roofe borne vp on as high pillars Hee saw an Idoll greater then the former reaching vp to the top of the arch That of Dabis was in their way to the pilgrimage of Tenchadema where Master Adams told him that hee had beene There they euery moneth present the Deuill with a new Virgin instructed by the Bonzij to aske him certayne questions which he in humane shape appearing answereth hauing the carnall vse of her body if some Bonzi make not the Deuill Cuckold as in our Egyptian Relations yee shall find of Tyrannus Some of their Bonzij professe a militarie discipline as the Knights of Malta The profession called Neugori was instituted by Cacubau who is therefore deified in which some intend their prayers whiles others fight and others performe their taske of making fiue arrowes a day Their gouernment is an Anarchie euery one obeying and commanding the meanest person amongst them hauing a Negatiue in all their consultations And nothing is agreed on till all be agreed In the night they often kill one another without remorse and yet such is their Religion this Sect holdeth it a sinne to kill a flye or any liuing thing Amongst the Bonzij there are two principall men which if vnder their hand-writing they giue their testimoniall to other of their Orders it is as conferring a Degree yea a kinde of Canonization For thence-forward they sit in a chaire and are adored and appoint to other Students their taskes of meditation One of these puffed vp with vanitie and arrogance professed to know what he was before he was borne and what should become of him after death Valentine Caruaglio in relating the death of some principall Nobles which withstood Daifusama the present Emperor speaks of a certaine Bonzi which neuer stirres out of doores but vpon such occasions who accompanied with many of his Sect after other hallowing ceremonies did giue them a certaine booke to kisse and laid it on their heads wherein they reposed much holinesse and worshipped it as a god but one of them named Augustine reiected him crying out hee was a Christian and therewith tooke out a picture of Queene Catharine of Portugall sister to Charles the fifth in which were also represented the holy Virgin and our Lord and with great reuerence laid it three times on his head and so resounding the names of Iesus and Maria was beheaded This I mention to let
in which all the Marriageable Virgins are kept and instructed a yeeres space by some old man of best estimation This done they are brought forth well apparelled with Musicke and Dances there the young men make their choice and bargaine with the Father paying also the Old man for his yeeres schooling Sorcerers are beheaded and their bodies cast to the Beasts and Fowles for other offences they are sold and made slaues They weare gold Rings hanging at their Noses weighing twenty or thirtie Crownes these with their Eare-rings and Bracelets are buried with them The Cumbae are not of the ancient Natiues but were barbarous and deuourers of mans flesh continually warring on the former These about the yeere one thousand fiue hundred and fifty wasted all the Countrey and at last seated themselues here driuing the Capi from their habitations If they tooke any chiefe men they deuoured them the meaner they sold for slaues to the Portugals reseruing the younger for Souldiory They would sell them more then Dogge-cheape yea some of the Natiues would sell themselues slaues to auoide this barbarous enemy But now being here setled they are growne more milde and gentle Of these are descended as some thinke the Giachi or Iagges of which we shall speake else-where called by this name in Congo in Angola Gindae in Abassia Gallae in Mombaza Zimbae or Imbiae and here Cumbae and Manes by themselues Imbangolae a Nationlesse Nation breeding without generation and vncertaine of what monstrous humane-inhumane Deuillish Originall §. II. Obseruations of those parts out of CADAMOSTA and other Ancient Nauigators NOw for further particulars of the Guinean Nation we will begin with the Nauigations of former times The people inhabiting on the Riuer Sanaga Aloise di Codimosti a Venetiani calls Azanaghi and saith that when first the Portugals sayled thither their simplicity was such hauing neuer before seene a ship that they tooke the ships for great Birds with white wings out of some strange place comming thither but when they saw them strike sayle they changed their opinion and thought them to be fishes seeing them afarre off but when they saw them the next day so farre off from that place they tooke them for night-goblings or spirits This did he learne of diuers of the Azanaghi slaues in Portugall They hid their faces no lesse then the priuities esteeming the mouth vnmeete to be seene whence they belched such sowre breath They had a kind of Muffler to hide it and part of the nose onely discouering the same at meate Other Gouernours they then had not only more reuerence was done to the most rich A beggerly theeuish lying trecherous Nation as any in the World They aniont their haire euery day with fat of fish for great gallantry whereof they stinke exceedingly And lest you should thinke better of their Eyes then of their Nose their women esteeme it the greatest part of goodly feature to haue large Brests which by Arte and industrious stretching of them they enlarge and some of them haue them hanging to their Nauell Neere vnto those are certaine Negros which suffer not themselues to be seene of any nor to be heard speake but haue excellent Gold which they exchange with other Negros which bring vnto them Salt such as the Minerall Salt of Tagazza and leauing the same they goe away from thence halfe a dayes iourney the Negros come downe in certain Barkes and lay at euery heape of Salt a quantity of Gold and goe their wayes When the Salt-Merchants returne if they like the summe they take it if not they leaue the Gold still with the Salt and goe their wayes and then the other returne and what heapes of Salt they find without Gold they take for their own the other either they leaue more Gold for or els leaue altogether This seemeth hard to beleeue but many of the Arabians and Azanhagi testified it to our Author for truth The Merchants of Melli affirmed to mee that their Prince had once by a plot taken one of them thinking to haue learned the condition of that people but either of â—dlennesse or because hee could not hee neither ate nor spake and within three dayes dyed Their stature they which had taken him affirmed to bee a hand higher then themselues and that their nether lip was thicke and red and so great that it hung downe to their brest and it together with their Gummes bloudie their teeth great and on each side one very large their eyes standing out terrible they were to looke vpon And because they had apprehended this man by their ambushment they returned not in three yeeres but after forced by the need of Salt to cure their diseases whence haply that deformitie proceeded they renued that Traffique To leaue these farre within Land and come to the Riuer Senaga Cadamosto iustly maruelled at the partition which that Riuer caused for on the one side the Inhabitants were well proportioned very blacke and the soyle very fertile on the other side the Inhabitants meagre small swart and the ground barren The people that dwell on the bankes of Niger are called Gilofi The Kings name in my time which was almost an hundred and threescore yeeres since was Zuchali He had thirty Wiues When Richard Rainolds was there 1591. the Kings name was Amar Melik All that Region betwixt Sanaga and Gambea is called by one generall name Gia Lef of which Maffaeus and Barrius write That in an accident of ciuill warres Bemoin came to the King of Portugall for aide and was there royally entertayned and baptized with his followers of which some were of such admirable dexteritie and nimblenesse of bodie that they would leape vpon a Horse as hee galloped and would stand vpright in the Saddle when he ranne fastest and turne themselues about and suddenly sit down and in the same race would take vp stones laid in order on the ground and leape downe and vp at pleasure This Bemoin was shamefully murthered by Peter Vaz the Portugall Generall and the hope of Christianity in those parts disappointed This was Anno 1489. From thence Cadamosto went to Budomel the Prince whereof was had in great respect by his people which when they come into his presence kneele on both their knees and bowing their heads to the ground cast sand ouer their shoulders and on their heads with both hands and then to goe towards him on their knees and when they speake to him cast sand ouer their shoulders still with their head bowed downe the Prince scarcely deigning them a looke or word For euery light offence hee would sell their Wiues and Children He suffered our Authour to goe into his Moschee where his Arabian Chaplaines after their manner mumbled their Mattens ten or twelue times in halfe an houre all the company rising and falling againe to the Earth and kissing it He also heard him willingly confute the Mahumetan and approoue the Christian Faith but said hee thought
it was harder for a Christian to bee saued then a Negro because God was a iust God and Lord who had giuen to vs many good things in this World to them nothing in comparison who should therefore in the other World haue their Paradise which heere they wanted Easily might he haue beene turned to Christianity but for feare of losing his State His Wiues prouide him his dyet as it is vsuall among the Negros and none but his Priests and some principall men eate with him which is after a beastly sort lying on the ground the dish set in the middest and all taking out the meate with their hands They eate little at once but eate often foure or fiue times a day From October to Iune it raines not there They haue great Serpents and many which they vse to charme and the Prince when hee would poyson his Weapons did as was reported make a great Circle and enchanted by his Charmes all the Serpents thereabouts thereinto and then killed that which seemed to him most venemous letting the rest goe with the bloud thereof and the Seed of a certaine Tree he tempered a poyson for that purpose with which a Weapon infected drawing neuer so little bloud did kill in a quarter of an houre They haue great store of Parrats which are instructed by a maruellous naturall cunning to preuent the Serpents which would else destroy their nests They build therefore on high trees and on the end of some tender bough thereof they fasten a Bul-rush which hangs downe two spannes thereunto weauing and working their nest in such sort that the Serpents for feare of falling dare not aduenture to deale therewith The Negros came about Cadamosto with wonder to see his apparell and the whitenesse of his colour neuer before had they seene any Christian and some of them with spittle rubbed his skinne to see whether his whitenesse were naturall or no which perceiuing it to bee no tincture they were out of measure astonished They would then giue nine or sometimes fourteene slaues for a Horse furnished And when they buy a Horse they wil bring some of their Enchanters which make a fire of herbes and set the Horse ouer the smoke vttering certaine words and after that anoint him with a thin oyntment and shut him vp twenty dayes that none may see him hanging certaine trumpery about his necke thinking that hereby they are more secure in battle Gunnes seemed to them for their hideous noyse to be of the Deuill Lag-pipes they thought to be a liuing creature that thus sang in variable accents But when they were suffered to handle them they thought them to bee some heauenly thing that God had made with his owne hands to sound so sweetly They beheld the Shippe with great curiositie and eyes that were carued in the Prow of the Shippe they tooke to bee eyes indeed by which it saw how to direct the course at Sea They said the Christians that could thus make Voyages by Sea were great Enchanters and comparable to the Deuill themselues had enough to doe to trauell by Land Seeing a Candle burne in the night they which knew not to make any light but their fires esteemed it wonderfull Honey they haue which they sucke out of the Combes but the Waxe they hurled away till they were instructed how to make Candles thereof Senega Boterus saith comes from the Lakes Chelonidi Sanutus affirmeth that Senega is the same which Ptolemey cals Darandus Gambea or Gambra that which hee cals Stachie and Rio Grande is Niger Cadamosto doubled the Promontorie called Cape Verde or the greene Cape because of the greene trees which the Portugals which had first discouered it in the yeere before found there growing in abundance as Cape Blanco or the White Cape was so called of the White Sands there The Inhabitants they found were of two sorts Barbacini and Sereri They haue no Prince They are great Idolaters and haue no Law but are very cruell They poyson their Arrowes with which and the situation of their Countrey they haue preserued themselues from the Kings of Senega In Gambra they were some Idolaters of diuers sorts some Mahumetans They were also great Enchanters Their liuing as at Senega saue that they eate Dogges flesh Heere the Prince hunted an Elephant and gaue them to eate the flesh is strong and vnsauoury The Elephants delight in mire like Swine They hunt them in the Woodes for in the Plaines an Elephant would without running soone take and kill the swiftest man whom yet they hurt not except they be first prouoked if with comming and often turning hee bee not disappointed Here was a kind of fish Cadomosto calleth it Cauallo and his Latine Interpreter Piscis Caballinus I take it for the Hippopotamus or Riuer-horse which is sayth he as bigge as a Cow his legges short with tuskes like to a Bores but so great that I haue seene one of two spannes and longer clouen-footed and headed like a Horse hee liueth on both Elements sometimes in the Water other-whiles on the Land The women vpon their brests neckes and armes had certaine workes done with a Needles point heated in the fire in manner as with vs they worke hand-kerchiefes This being done in their youth would neuer out The like flesh-branded workes they vse at Cape Sagres as Pietro de Sintra a Portugall obserued vpon their bodies and faces The Inhabitants there are Idolaters and worship Images of Wood to whom they offer some of their Meate and Drinke when they goe to their meales The goe naked couering their priuie parts with the barkes of trees This is in Guinea A little from thence they found men who vsed as great brauery in their eares which they bored full of holes and weare therein Rings of Golde in rowes or rankes They weare one great Ring in another hole bored thorow their Nose like to Buffles in Italy which when they eate their meate they tooke away The men and women of sort weare such Rings also in their lips in like sort as in their eares an Ensigne of their Nobility and greatnesse which they put in and out at pleasure Beyond the Riuer of Palmes they found others thus beringed and for greater gallantry weare about their neckes certaine Chaines of teeth seeming to bee the teeth of men They tooke a Negro whom they carried into Portugall who affirmed if a woman which onely could vnderstand him did interpret him rightly that in his Countrey were Vnicornes HONDIVS his Map of Guinea GVINEA §. III. Other Obseruations of later times by Englishmen and others ANd these Countreyes haue since beene sought to by French Flemish and many of our English Merchants In the yeere 1553. Thomas Windham and Anthony Pindeado a Portugall in two English ships traded alongst those Coasts as farre as Benin where they presented themselues to the King who sate in a great Hall the wals whereof were made of Earth without windowes the roofe of thinne boards open in