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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A57997	The history of the Turkish Empire, from the year 1623, to the year 1677 Containing the reigns of the three last emperors, viz. Sultan Morat, or Amurat IV. Sultan Ibrahim, and Sultan Mahomet IV, his son, the thirteenth emperor, now reigning. By Sir Paul Rycaut, late consul of Smyrna.	Rycaut, Paul, Sir, 1628-1700.; Knolles, Richard, 1550?-1610. Generall historie of the Turkes. aut; Manley, Roger, Sir, 1626?-1688. History of the Turkish Empire continued. aut; Rycaut, Paul, Sir, 1628-1700. Memoirs. aut; White, Robert, 1645-1703,	1687 (1687)	Wing R2407; ESTC R8667	720,857	331

be an utter ruine and destruction to them and being touched in the most sensible parts of their interest and wilfare they generally concluded that there was now no safety but by making a peace with the English To farther which and to assist in the Office of Mediation it happened that there was at the same time at Tripoly one Haffse bey a great man of Tunis who had been Dei of that Country but being droven from thence by his Nephews was come to Tripoly with an immense treasure intending afterwards to Transport himself to Constantinople to make his aggreivances known at the Grand Signiors Court. Of this person we shall discourse more at large hereafter but in this place it is pertinent to relate how instrumental he was to effect this peace in which he laboured with the greater zeal that so by assistance of the English he might find a speedy and safe conveyance on their Ships of his Person Goods and Servants into the Morea from whence he designed by land to Constantinople The Treaty being thus began a peace was concluded between his Majesties of Great Britain c. and Halil Pasha Ibrahim Dey Aga Divan and Governors of the Noble City and Kingdom of Tripoly Dated the fifth of March 1675 / 6. Being the last day of the Moon Zelhedga and Hegeira 1086. By this instrument all the former Articles were again confirmed with addition of two others First that all Persons taken under English Colours should be delivered to Sir John Narbrough and set at liberty without payment of any ransom for them under which notion Mr. Foley Mr. Laxton Mr. Turner Mr. Gell and Mr. Tison with the Captain and Sea-men taken on the Bristol Merchant were freed whose ransom otherwise might have cost dear and perhaps almost the value of their private Estates Secondly That eighty thousand Dollars which was the account made of the value of goods and Mony taken on the Martin and Hunter should be made good to Sir John Narbrough in Mony or Goods and Slaves To which was adjoyned such a submission recantation and acknowledgment for their late offence and outrage as testifyed the sorrow of their true repentance as we shall see more at large in their following Articles And now the peace being concluded Sir John Narbrough returned to Malta and soon after came back to Tripoly to receive the remainder of the monies and goods agreed for the Slaves being delivered already In this interim the six Ships which had formerly broken out of the harbour and sailed to the Levant hearing of the peace returned to Tripoly where great feuds and dissentions arose the Souldiery accusing Ibrahim Dei nick named Misser ogli as the beginner and Author of the War and for continuing it so long with obstinacy until they were reduced to their last extremity In fine they threatned to cut him in Peices but at length they were contented to cashier him only from his Office after which he fled into the Morea and their Vice-Admiral Mustapha Grande was made Dei in his place with whom and with the Souldiers in general now returned Sir John Narbrough renewed the Articles of Peace and dated them the first of May 1676 which are these that follow Articles of Peace and Commerce between c. Articles of Peace and Commerce Between the most Serene and Mighty Prince Charles the Second by the Grace of God King of Great Britain France and Ireland Defender of the Christian Faith c. And the Most Illustrious Lords Halil Bassa Ibraim Dei Aga Divan and Governors of the Noble City and Kingdom of Tripoly in Barbary concluded by Sir John Narbrough Knight Admiral of his Majesties Fleet in the Mediterranean Seas 1. IN the first place It is Agreed and Concluded That from this day and for ever forward There be a true firm and Inviolable Peace between the Most Serene King of Great Britain France and Ireland Defender of the Christian Faith c. And the most Illustrious Lords The Bassa Dai Aga Divan and Governors of the City and Kingdom of Tripoly in Barbary And between all the Dominions and Subjects of either side And that the Ships or other Vessels and the Subjects and People of both sides shall not from henceforth do to each other any harm offence or Injury in word or Deed But shall Treat one another with all possible respect and Friendship II. That any of the Ships or other Vessels belonging to the said King of Great Brittain or to any of his Majesties Subjects may safely come to the Port of Tripoly or to any other Port or Place of that Kingdom or Dominions thereunto belonging freely to buy and sell without the least Disturbance paying the usual Customs as in former times hath been payd for such goods as they sell And for the goods they sell not they shall have free Liberty to carry on Board their own Ships without paying any Duties for the same And when they please they shall freely Depart from thence without any stop hindrance or molestation whatsoever III. That all Ships and other Vessels as well those belonging to the King of Great Brittain or to any of his Majesties Subjects as also those belonging to the People and Kingdom of Tripoly shall freely pass the Seas and traffick where they please without any search hinderance or molestation from each other And that all Persons and Passengers of what Country whatsoever And all Monys Goods Merchandize and Moveables to whatsoever People or Nation belonging being on board any of the said Ships or Vessels shall be wholly free and shall not be stopped taken or Plundred nor receive any harm or Damage whatsoever from either Party IV. That the Tripoly Ships of War or other Vessels thereunto belonging meeting with any Merchant Ships or other Vessels of the King of Great Brittains Subjects not being in any of the Seas appertaining to his Majesties Dominions may send on board one single boat with but two Sitters besides the ordinary Crew of Rowers and no more but the two Sitters to enter any of the said Merchants Ships or any other Vessels without the Express from the Commander of every such Ship or Vessel And then upon producing them a Pass under the hand and Seal of the Lord High Admiral of England the said Boat shall presently Depart And if the Merchant Ship or Ships Vessel or Vessels produce no Pass from the Lord High Admiral of England yet if the Major part of the said Ships or Vessels Company be Subjects to the said King of Great Britain The said Boat shall presently Depart And the Merchants Ship or Ships Vessel or Vessels shall proceed freely on her or their Voyage And if any of the said Ships of War or other Vessels of his said Majesties meeting with any Ship or Ships Vessel or Vessels belonging unto Tripoly if the Commander or Commanders of any such Ship or Ships Vessel or Vessels shall produce a Pass Signed by the chief Governor of Tripoly and a Certificate from

Mony Goods and Slaves to the aforesaid Sir John Narbrough Knight And moreover we do engage our selves and successors That if any Injuries for the future be done contrary to these Articles by the Government and People of Tripoly to the King of Great Britain and his Subjects if upon demand of satisfaction from the Government and people of Tripoly We or they refuse or deny to give satisfaction therefore so that a War be occasioned thereby between the King of Great Britain and the Government and people of Tripoly We do engage our selves and successors to make restitution for the Injuries done and likewise to make satisfaction to the King of Great Britain for the full charge and damage of that War. XX. That no Subject of the King of Great Britain c. shall be permitted to turn Turk or Moor in the City and Kingdom of Tripoly being induced thereunto by any surprizal whatsoever unless he voluntarily appear before the Dei or Governor with the English Consuls Druggerman three times in twenty four hours space and every time Declare his Resolution to turn Turk or Moor. XXI That at all times when any Ship of War of the King of Great Britain c. carrying his said Majesties Flag at the main-top-mast-head appear before the City of Tripoly and come to Anchor in the Road That immediately after notice thereof given by his said Majesties Consul or Officer from the Ship unto the Dei and Government of Tripoly They shall in honour to his Majesty cause a Salute of one and twenty Cannons to be shot off from the Castles and Forts of the City and that the said Ship shall return an Answer by shooting of the same Number of Cannons XXII That presently after the Signing and Sealing of these Articles by us Halil Bassa Ibraim Dei Aga Divan and Governors of the Noble Kingdoms and City of Tripoly all Injuries and Damages sustained on either part shall be quiet taken away and forgotten and this Peace shall be in full force and vertue and continue for ever And for all Depredations and Damages that shall hereafter be Committed or done by either side before Notice can be given of this Peace full satisfaction be immediately made And whatsoever remains in kind shall instantly be restored XXIII That whatsoever shall happen hereafter that any thing is done or committed by the Ships or Subjects of either side contrary to any of these Articles Satisfaction being Demanded therefore shall be made to the full and without any manner of Delay and that it shall not be Lawful to break this Peace unless such satisfaction be denyed and our Faith shall be our Faith and our word our word and whosoever shall be the Cause of the breaking of this Peace shall assuredly be punished with present Death Confirmed and Sealed in the Presents of Almighty God the fifth day of March Old Stile and in the year of our Lord Jesus Christ one thousand six hundred seventy five Being the last day of the Moon Zelheldga and the year of the Hegeira on thousand and eighty six WHereas there were several Articles of Peace and Commerce between the most Serene and Mighty Prince Charles the Second by the Grace of God King of Great-Britain France and Ireland Defender of the Christian Faith c. And the most Illustrious Lords Halil Bassa Ibraim Dei Aga Divan and Governors of the Noble City and Kingdom of Tripoly in Barbary lately made and concluded by the said Lords on the one part And by Sir John Narbrough Knight Admiral of his said Serene Majesties Fleet in the Mediterranean Seas on the other part and by them confirmed and Sealed in the Presence of Almighty God the fifth day of March Old Stile And in the year of our Lord Jesus Christ 1675 / 6 being the last day of the Moon Zelhedga And the year of the Hegeira 1086. Since which time of Confirming and Sealing the aforesaid Articles of Peace and Commerce The aforesaid Lord Ibraim Dei being fled away from the Government of the City and Kingdom of Tripoly in Barbary Now we Halil Bassa Aga Divan Governors Souldiers and People of the aforesaid City and Kingdom of Tripoly have Choosen and Elected Vice Admiral Mustapha Grande to be Dei of the aforesaid City and Kingdom of Tripoly to succeed Ibraim Dei in the aforesaid Government And now we Halil Bassa Aga Divan and Governors Souldiers and People of Tripoly aforesaid having seen the aforesaid Articles of Peace and Commerce which were lately made and concluded as aforesaid And having seriously perus'd and fully considered all particulars therein mentioned Do fully approve of all and every the aforesaid Articles of Peace and we and every one of us do now by these presents consent and agree to and with Sir John Narbrough Knight aforesaid for the just and exact keeping and performing of the said Articles And do accept approve ratifie and confirm all and every of them in the same manner and form as they are incerted and repeated in the preceding Articles aforesaid hereby firmly engaging our selves and successors assuring on our faith sacredly to maintain and strictly to observe perform and keep inviolably all and every the aforesaid Article and Articles of Peace and Agreements for ever And to cause and require all our Subjects and people of what degree or quality whatsoever within the City or Kingdom of Tripoly in Barbary or Dominions thereunto belonging both by Sea and Land punctually inviolably carefully and duly to observe keep and perform all and every the aforesaid Article and Articles thereof for ever And our Faith shall be our Faith and our word our word and whosoever shall at any time violate and break any part of the said Article or Articles of Peace they shall be assuredly punished with greatest severity and his or their heads shall be immediately cut off and forthwith be presented unto any Officer whom the most Serene King of Great Britain c. shall Authorize to make Demand thereof It is further agreed that the Subjects belonging unto the most serene King of Great Britain c. Trading unto the Port of the City and Kingdom of Tripoly in Barbary aforesaid or to any Port or Place of the Dominions thereunto belonging in any Merchants Ship or other Vessel belonging to the said Serene Kings Subjects shall not pay so much Custom by one per Cent. for whatsoever Goods or Merchandize they sell or buy as other Nations do for the Customs of the like Goods or Merchandize notwithstanding whatsoever is Specified in the Second Article aforesaid to the contrary And that the most Serene King of Great Britains Consul residing in Tripoly aforesaid shall have Liberty at all times when he pleaseth to put up his said Serene Majesties Flag on the Flag-staff on the Top of his House and thereto continue it spread as long time as he pleaseth likewise the said Consul to have the same Liberty of putting up and spreading the said Flag in his Boat when he

evaporated from the bodies of the slain which lay buried in those ruines as begat a Pestilence and other diseases in the City and in the Gallies but labouring continually on that work they soon acquitted themselves of the contagion by help of the Winters cold which then approached In this manner expired the Action of this Year fortunate in its success to the Turks for though they gained but thirty Acres of Land with expence inestimable of Blood and Treasure yet the Glory and Fame which attended it being the consummation of twenty five years Wars and the Theatre where the whole World were Spectators was of greater value to the Turks than any other consideration and may with time prove a place of advantage to the farther increase of their Western Empire unless God Almighty by his Mercy and Providence give a stop to the progress of this Grand Oppressour But before this Year ended Serini and the Nobles of Hungary offer themselves to the Turk behold the misery of Christendom by reason of discontents and animosities in the Imperial Court the Count Serini Prince of Croatia the Marquess Frangipani and Count Nadasti joyned with other Nobles of Hungary sent Messengers to the Grand Signior offering themselves Subjects and Tributaries to the Turk desiring his Protection of their Religion and Liberties designing to act the part of Bethlem Gabor The Great Vizier imployed himself this whole Winter past in repairing the Fortifications of Candia regulating them in some measure according to the Turkish Model and in repairing and beautifying the Town which was done with such admirable expedition that in a few months most of the houses demolished in the time of the Siege were again erected and the Churches converted into Moschs and adorned three of the principal whereof took the Names of the Grand Signior Great Vizier and Captain Pasha and were endowed by them with an honourable Revenue sufficient to maintain them in Reparations Lamps and Talismans But the Turks were not more pious towards their Moschs than the Christians were careless and cold towards their Churches for the Venetians inserted not one Article in favour of a Christian Church or a Religious House which would have been granted as soon as demanded only a Greek who was Interpreter to the Great Vizier called Panaiotti a Person of Parts and Learning at the expence of two thousand two hundred Dollars and an Armenian Merchant called Apro Chelabei at the charge of a thousand four hundred purchased two Churches for their respective Nations The Grand Signior in the mean time returned to Salonica to pass the remainder of the Winter which place being famous for multitude of all sorts of Game The G. Signior returns to Salonica and hunts drew is heart and made him impatient till he arrived those Plains more desired by him than the Elysian fields for having made his Entry into that City the next day he designed to hunt but being put in mind that the English Ambassadour Sir Daniel Harvey Sir Daniel Harvey his Majesties Ambassadour hath his Audience of the Grand Signior who as we said arrived at Constantinople the year before attended his Audience he was contented to grant it to him the next morning But yet not to lose his hunting at midnight he sent Officers to the Ambassadour to prepare for the next days Audience very early and to gain time ordered his Horses to be all ready that so having dispatched that Ceremony he might immediately mount into the Saddle and pursue his Game Howsoever he was not in so much haste but he testified due respect to His Majesty of Great Britain and the esteem he had of the English Nation ordering the Capitulations to be renewed and commanding the Chimacam that if any one should break or infringe them that he should cut him off without farther argument But as to renewing the Capitulations the Chimacam falling at the Grand Signiors feet beseeched him That that particular might be deferred until the arrival of the Great Vizier whose proper power and act it was to make War and Peace and therefore for him to intermeddle about Capitulations was to invade the Viziers Authority which he durst not do without putting his life in danger or at least rendring his Person obnoxious to his irreconcileable displeasure with which the Grand Signior being satisfied ordered that the renewing of the Capitulations should be deferred until the return of the Visiier and so dismissed the Lord Ambassadour from his Presence but this work of renewing the Capitulations was reserved for the care and conduct of Sir John Finch who succeeded in the Embassy after the death of Sir Danil Harvey The Grand Signior arising from his Throne mounted into his Saddle to follow his excessive delight in Hunting which now he pursued every day without respect of cold or wet or Horses or Attendants but like an impetuous Nimrod raged amongst the timorous Hares and flying Harts over-spreading the Woods with vast numbers of poor Jews and Peasants which he had commanded forth to drive for Game not respecting the extreme rigour and Frosts of Winter by which many of those poor Wretches lying abroad in the nights were benumbed and dyed And so far did his humour transport him in this Recreation that he was discouraged at no inconvenience or labours which attended it for one day appointing his Hunting at a certain place which to pass on Horse-back was a great circuit but a nearer cut over a Gulf or Arm of the Sea he ordered his Horses round whilst he in Person attended with the Chimacam and several of his Grandees passed over to the other side in a Gally But being impatient of his Sport and not able to give time to his Horses to make their way ascended his Gally commanding them to row away with all speed and arriving at the other side some hours before His Horses could come would yet land and being weary of expectation resolved to meet them on foot through all the dirt and mire of a low and rich soil where whilst he travelled heavily and almost tried by good fortune they espied a Miller driving his Horse laden with two Sacks of Meal whom when they had called and made him to lighten his burden and take off the Pack-saddle the Chimacam himself stripped off his own Sables Vest and covered the Horse with it on which the Grand Signior mounting in great state rode like a Prince till he met his own Retinue which passage served to fill the discourse at night of that days Hunting and deserves to be chronicled with our English Dialogue between the Miller and the King howsoever we make use of it here to demonstrate the strange and passionate humour which possessed this Sultan in his Hunting Little other recreation did this Grand Signior take The G. Signior delights solely in his Queen unless it were in the Company of his chief Sultana called the Hasaki Sultana by whom having had a Son which beginning now to play and speak

Minister hath not satiated his covetous desires howsoever the expence will always bechargeable and the success uncertain Thus have I seen and observed in this particular the effect and experience of two things viz. The covetousness and pride of Fryars and the conclusion of their Law-suits before Infidels The Franks or the Western Christians had until this time the custody of the Holy Sepulchre and the Greeks that of the Chappel of Bethlem but the use was free to both but the Franks not being able to enjoy the Sepulchre with contentment whilst with envious eyes they beheld the Greeks in possession of Bethlem were always contriving designs by force of money and power of Christian Ministers to eject them from that Right until that now in these contentions they have lost both being neither able to recover the one nor conserve the other Before we end this year of 1674. and begin that of 1675 it will be necessary for us to discourse of the cause and original of that War which England had with the Government of Tripoli in Barbary and the success and conclusion thereof In the year 1672. War with Tripoli Old Mahomet boar at Scio and of the Greek race who for many years by Baratz or commission from the Grand Signior had boaren the Office and Title of Pasha of Tripoli and being grown very rich and covetous by the Pyracies his Ships made on the Christians and oppression of his people not dividing amongst the Souldiery that just proportion of the prey which of right belonged to them so incensed the minds of that people that conspiring against him they murdered him in his Castle and seized all his riches to the use of the Publick The Pasha being dead all his creatures and persons that boar Office in his time were displaced and others of more justice and bravery as they imagined put in their places and a New Governor being set up he began to make a through Reformation and to alter and change every thing according to his own humor and pleasure In the first place he gave leave to all people to Arm in Corso or to set out Private Men of War as every one pleased and was able different to the practise of the former Pasha who reserved that benefit and priviledge to himself and next it was proposed to constitute a Divan after the manner of Algier in whom the supream power of all should be lodged In order hereunto they immediately set forth to Sea six Sail of Ships from forty to fifty Guns excellent Saylors and armed them with the best and stoutest of their Men together with four more from twelve to thirty Guns with these Ships they took many prizes belonging to French Venetians and other Nations and though they had long desired to taste also of the sweetness of English Estates yet not encountring a prize worthy the trouble and evil consequences of such a breach they for some time deferred the design which they had long meditated Till at length about the Month of August 1674. they unhappily encountred the Martin a rich Ship bound from Venice to Cadiz which they carried to Tripoly and on the 17th of September following they seconded this outrage by other of the like nature committed on the Hunter Fregat Thomas Parker Commander bound from Ligorne to Smyrna whom the Tripolines meeting with six Men of War at the entrance into the Arche-pelago they brought her into the Port of Tripoly where having plundered all the strangers goods laden upon her to the import of forty thousand dollars the particulars of all which were given under Oath of the Commander the Ship was dismissed and dispeeded on her Voyage to Smyrna with no other damage to the English then the embezelment of 726 dollars robbed or pilfered by the Souldiery together which such charge as the Consul of Tripoly challenged for his service therein This news being advised into England as a breach of Peace his Majesty out of his usual and gratious care of the welfare of Trade was pleased to order Sir John Narbrough his Commander in chief in the Mediterranean Seas to demand satisfaction from that people who accordingly Sailing thither and requiring restitution of the goods injuriously taken received a denial and denunciation of War. Whereupon Sir John Narbrough wrote to the Consul of Smyrna in this manner These are to advertise you that the people of Tripoly have broken the peace with his Majesty they are resolved to take all the English Ships they can meet and overcome I have been there with a Squadron of his Majesties Ships to demand restitution of the goods taken out of the Martin and Hunter they refuse to make any so that now it is open War with those people I am now at Malta taking in water I intend to fit at Ligorne I suppose his Majesty will have a Squadron of Ships to look after these people of Tripoly this Summer Sir I pray signify this to my Lord Ambassador at Constantinople and to all others his Majesties Subjects where you converss that they way prevent falling into their hands in hast I conclude and kiss your hand and I remain On board his Majesties Ship Henrietta at Malta March 15th 1674 / 5. Your Humble Servant John Narbrough Sir John Narbrough having fitted himself at Ligorne and recruited with an additional Squadron of six or seven Men of War he departed for Tripoly taking under his Convoy the Vyner Bristol Merchant and Mediterranean for Smyrna and now appearing before the Port of Tripoly in a formidable manner the Pyrates began to repent of their late violation knowing that they must now either disgorge their ill got goods or prove the evil effects of War their hearts began now to fail them so that they unrigged all their Ships laying them up close in the harbour and with them for the present all thoughts of roving on the Seas for supposing that the English Ships could not lye alwaies in that Station but that bad weather or want of provisions would enforce them some time to retire they hoped in that interval to find an opportunity to lanch into the Seas where being clear and good Saylors they might have room enough to escape Howsoever Sir John Narbrough with his Squadron continued with such diligence on the coast plying them with continual allarms standing off to sea at night and towards the land in the day that they found not the heart nor opportunity to adventure abroad until one of their Ships which had formerly been their Rere-Admiral bound with Negroes for the Morea resolved to hazard an escape but not being able to make her passage good she was forced ashoar and burnt by our Ship most of the Negroes falling into the English hands some few days after Sir John Narbrough fired three of their Galeots burnt a Satee took a fisher-boat and a Sambechin with which success being encouraged and the Enemy affrighted their Ships were blocked up in Port for some months whist ours found free

passeth on the Water and no Man whatsoever to Oppose Molest Disturb or Injury him therein either by Word or Deed. These and all other preceding Articles are to remain firm for ever without any alteration and in all other particulars not mentioned in any of these Articles the Regulation shall be according to the Capitulation general with the Grand Signior Confirmed likewise and Sealed in the Presence of Almighty God at our Castle in the noble City and Kingdom of Tripoly in Barbary the first day of May Old Stile and in the year of our Lord Jesus Christ 1676 being the twenty sixth day of the Moon Zaphire and the year of the Hegeira 1080. Halil Bassa's Seal Mustapha Dei's Seal Aga's Seal Ally Admiral 's Seal A True Coppy Examined out of Sir John Narbroughs Thomas Fowler HAving thus related the original cause proceedings and conclusion of our War with Tripoly Let us Travel to Tunis which though since the year 1655 hath ever maintained Peace with England yet the civil dissentions among themselves have administred unto us Subject of discourse and more especially since it hath some relation to Hoffse-bey whom formerly we named as Mediator of the Peace between Us and Tripoly On the sixth of September 1675. Civil War at Tunis in Barbary Morat Bei General of all the Land Forces in the Kingdom of Tunis dyed the most Politick and Popular Person that ever mannaged that Office his Sons Ciddi Mehmet and Ciddi Ali by the general approbation and consent of the Souldiery joyntly succeeding him in that charge But the ambition of these two young Gallants would admit no union in the Government the Elder would know no equal and the younger no superior so that it was necessary for one to govern or both to be laid aside the decision of which was referred to a full Assembly of the Turks In the mean time Hoffsey-bey Brother to Morat deceased and Uncle to the two Competitors taking advantage of these divisions offered himself a Candidate for the place and so operated with the force of mony and with assistance of the younger Nephew who would rather yield to an Uncle then to a brother that he clearly carried the election by the common suffrages of the people The Elder Son Ciddi Mehmet not enduring the indignity to be thus degraded took the field and set up his standard After him followed all his Fathers Old Spahees and the Moors abroad came into him so that in a few days he became so formidable as to give Laws to the Dei and People of Tunis obliging them immediately to banish his Uncle and to receive him as sole and absolute General of all the Land Souldiery in those Dominions Hoffse-bey not being able to resist this force posted away with such expedition that he adventured to embark himself retinue and treasure which as was reported being modestly calculated amounted to three millions of Dollars on no better a Vessel then a French Satte for Tripoli where he was honourably received by that Government and Letters sent from them to the young Bei at Tunis mediating for the return of his Uncle with promise that he should live quietly and give no interruption to the course of his Government but Ciddi Mehmet resolving not to trust him positively declared against his readmission as not consistent with his Government and Safety It happened at this time that the English had War with Tripoly and blocked up the Port and that afterwards a Peace ensuing Hoffse-bey as we said before showed himself very forward and zealous in the Mediation which taking effect he was afterwards together with his retinue transported on the Bristol Fregat Commanded by Sir John Berry to Modon in the Morea from whence he went by Land to carry his Complaints to Constantinople whilst the Bristol Fregat proceeded to Smyrna to receive the Turky Companies Ships under Convoy for England Hoffs-bey being arrived at the Grand Signiors Court prepared an easie and ready access to the Grandees by the great Presents he sent them which being the only means to mollify and make tender the hearts of Turks he found upon all his addresses such resentments and compassionate feelings of his aggreivances that if assurances in words and promises would do his work he might be ascertained of engaging the entire power and puissance of the Empire for his re-establishment The news of Hoffse-bey being gone to address himself to the Turkish Court for relief much perplexed the Government at Tunis and at the same time the plague desperately raging there made them sick and infirm both in body and mind wherefore after serious considerations and debates hereupon it was concluded necessary to Fight Hoffse with his own Weapons and immediately to dispatch away four Ships for Constantinople with Messengers and Presents to the Grand Signior and his Officers being the only means to open the reasons and understandings of the Turks and make them as well capable to comprehend the justice of their cause as to reconcile their affections The four Ships arriving at Constantinople were seized on at the instance of Hoffse-bey and he declaring that those Ships were belonging to him and his own proper Estate easily procured a judgment in his favour and the Captains of them being called to the Divan were Commanded to own Hoffse-bey for their Master and to obey him as their Pasha and absolute Lord under the Grand Signior It was too late when at Tunis they apprehended the Error they had Committed in sending these four Ships to Constantinople which now upon more serious consideration then the former they expected to return freighted with armed Men and Imperial Commands to re-establish Hoffse-bey in the Government of which and of what was farther preparting at the Ottoman Court that they might have good advice they dispatched two Messengers for Constantinople on a French Satee which they had freighted for that purpose to Land them at Smyrna where being arrived they addressed themselves to me then Consul there bringing me Letters of recommendation from friends at Tunis to assist and help them in all their occurences I was well informed in all particulars concerning the success and motions of Hoffse-bey at Constantinople and I did not omit to relate all matters distinctly to them for not long before I had occasion to be acquainted with Hoffse-bey himself having at his earnest request found means to furnish him with the Sum of three thousand Dollars upon a good Pawn of Gold and Jewels amongst which there was a Fetlock of Gold enameled and set with Diamonds just in the form and fashion of those which we put on our horses when they go to grass and this I understood was one of the Ornaments which they put on the Ancle of the Bride on the marriage day I know not whether it were to grace her legs as bracelets do our wrists or to put her in mind of her servitude so soon as she submits to Wedlock I acquainted them as I said with all matters That the

sixth day of February Audience with the Grand Signior being Pay-day of the Janisaries the Lord Ambassador had Audience of the Grand Signior which was performed in this manner His Excellency with Sir Thomas Bendysh departing from his House with his retinue on Horse-back by break of day in the Morning was met on Constantinople side by the Chaous-Bashee and his Chaouses and by them conducted to the Seraglio We rode through the first Court which was very spacious and then we alighted from our Horses and walked through another Court leading to the Divan or place of Judicature at the upper end of which the Great Vizier was seated on his right Hand sate Five Viziers of the Bench of which the Captain-Pasha or Admiral of the Seas was one on the left were the Two Kadileschers or Chief Justices one of Anatolia and the other of Romelia and by them the Tefterdar Pasha or Lord Treasurer with Three other Pasha's The floar of the Divan was covered with Carpets and on them a richer covering of Bags of Money for payment of the Janisaries The Two Ambassadors with about Six or Seven of their retinue amongst which I was one being admitted in and placed at the lower end their Excellencies approached toward the Vizier and were seated near unto him on Two stools covered with Crimson Velvet and some Discourse and Complement having passed between them they retired to another part of the Room that they might give way to Business In the mean time the payment of the Soldiers went forward every Churbagee or Captain taking from the heaps the Pay of his Soldiers and laying the Bags on their Shoulders made up to the Vizier and having kissed the Hem of his Vest on his Knees he retired with great Humility and hast from him passing away with his side towards him it being very unseemly amongst them to turn their backs to Personages of that Dignity The Payment being over Three small Tables were brought in the first of which was covered with a silver Voyder at which the Two Ambassadors sate with the chief Ministers but the Great Vizier by reason of his Age and Weakness retired into another Room The other Two Tables were covered with a mixed Mettal which served in the place of a Table-Cloth at which the others sate We had no Knives Forks nor Plate but only Wooden Spoons were laid for us which was sufficient in that manner of eating for their Meats are most boyled and conveniently received by the Spoon or are so well roasted that they are easily parted with the Fingers The dishes were served in by one at a time but so fast that we had scarce tasted of one before it was snatched away to make place for another and I think there might be about Twenty several changes in this manner at the end of all to conclude our Feast a great Bowl of Sherbet was brought in and we drank of it as large draughts as we pleased Being risen from the Table Eighteen Coftans or Vests being the usual number given to the English Ambassadour with one extraordinary in favour to the New Ambassador were brought forth and bestowed and in the mean time the Present from our King to the Grand Signior provided at the expence of the Turky Company consisting of Fifty Vests viz. Ten of Velvet Ten of Sattin Ten of Cloth of Gold Ten of Tabbies and Ten of fine English Cloth were brought forth and displayed in the open Court by Fifty men which carried them and Four English Mastiffs which were more acceptable to this Grand Signoir than all the rest The whole body of Janisaries then payed consisting of about Five thousand were drawn up in a body and ranged on one side of the Court-yard amongst them there was that silence that the least whisper noise or motion was not heard and as their Janisar Aga and other Commanders passed the bowings they made in salute were so regular and at the same time as may well testify the exactness of their Discipline and admirable obedience which hath in a great measure contributed towards their Conquests and Enlargement of their Empire Being thus Vested and ranked in Order the Great Vizier entered into the Presence of the Grand Signior and then Two Capugi-bashes or Chief of the Porters of the Gate with long Silver Staves took the New Ambassador under each Arm to conduct him to the Chamber of Audience those permitted to accompany him were Sir Thomas Bendysh the Earl of Winchelsea's Brother Sir Thomas Allen Captain of the Plymouth Frigat the Interpreter and my self who then being Secretary carried the Credential Letters made up in a Purse of Cloth of Gold. We gently knocked at the first Gate which was immediately set wide open to us in the Porch whereof Forty white Eunuchs attended clothed in Vests of Sattin and Cloth of Gold of divers colours and stood with their Hands before them with marvellous silence and modesty Coming near to the Presence-door where the Kapi-Aga or Chief of the white Eunuchs attended we made a pause in the Porch and trod very softly so as not to disturb with the least motion the greatness of that Majesty and so profound was the silence that nothing was heard besides the murmurings of a Fountain adjoining hereunto Just at the entrance of the Chamber hung a gilded Ball studded with divers precious Stones the Floar was covered with Crimson Velvet embroidered with Golden-wyre The Grand Signior himself sate in a Throne raised a small heigth from the ground supported with Four Pillars plated with Gold from the top hung several gilded Balls twined with Masses of Pearl the Cushions he sate upon and those also that lay by were richly embroidered and beset with Jewels and on his right hand stood the Great Vizier And having made a considerable stop at the Door the Two Capugibashees who held his Excellence under each Arm brought him to the middle of the Room and laying their Hands upon his Head made him bow until he touched the Carpets with his forehead and then raising him again they retired backward with him unto the farthest part of the Room and in like manner they took all the others singly and in order placing them behind the Ambassadors The Credential Letters from our King were then presented and appointed that they should be delivered to the hands of the Reis-Efendi or Secretary of State. Then the Druggerman or Interpreter by Order of the Lord Ambassador read a Paper in the Turkish Language to this Effect First Declaring how the King of Great Britain our Soveraign Lord and Master was restored to the Throne of his Ancestors without War or any Conditions And the great Clemency of His Majesty in pardoning all but those who had a hand in the Murder of his Father Secondly Recommending the Merchants and their Interest to the continuance of his usual Favour and Protection Thirdly Begging the freedom of all English Slaves as a particular Testimony of Favour and Grace to this New Ambassador

mean a provision for a person qualified to appear before his Master did as it is said out of his own Purse and generous Soul contribute a far greater Sum with two Vests of Sables towards his better Equipage In this manner the Sultan dissembling an appearance of good correspondence with his Christian Majesty dispatched away his Envoyé on the Ships of War being a Person in quality of a Mutafaraca one of the same degree with a Chaous to expostulate with the King concerning several Particulars and especially his Reasons for sending for his Ambassador without sending another according to ancient custom to supply his Office wondering much at this sudden alteration of friendship without any cause given on the Ottoman side and with these smooth and fair words the Turks imagined they might charm the Spirit of the King for a while and suspend his Succours from Candia until at last it were beyond his power and wisdom to relieve In the mean time the Ambassador from the most Christian King was detained as an Hostage for the other of whose return we shall speak in its due place Towards the end of this year Sir Daniel Harvey Lord Ambassador from His Majesty of Great Britain arrived at Constantinople Sir Daniel Harvey Ambassador from his Majesty succeeding in the place of the Earl of Winchelsea who could not obtain Audience with the G. Signior until the end of the following year by reason of the Sultans unsetled abode and far distance who at length coming to Salonica summoned the Ambassador thither and there conferred on him the usual Ceremonies and Honours due to the Ambassador at first Reception Candia was now hardly assailed in four places A Relation of the state of Candia toward the end of this year viz. on the side of Betlem Panigra St. Andrea and Sabionera These places being twice stormed in which the Turks lost thirty thousand men so many Mines and Fornelli were fired that the ground lay open like a vast abyss with strange heaps of confused and undigested Earth and hindred the Enemy from approaching to the Wall but Sabionera and St. Andrea being esteemed the most weak because they were not fortified by any considerable Out-works or compassed with any depth of Ditch were pressed and forced upon by the Turk with more violence than any parts of the City The Enemy having by their great number of Pioniers elevated the confused Earth they formed some Batteries fortifying them and sheltering their people with Sacks of Wool and a Labyrinth as we may say of Redoubts they advanced foot by foot upon the Revelin of St. Andrea being destitute of all Mines to stop their proceedings and having at length blown up the Revelin and with fire and earth having taken the Out-work they penetrated into the Ditch which was not deep with four Traverses and came now to the very foot of the wall of the Bulwark fortified with eighteen pieces of Cannon six of which carrying fifty pound Bullet shot into the Ditch eight flanked that side which was opposite to Panigra and four on that part towards the Revelin of St. Spirito notwithstanding which they stormed the Walls in nine places And beginning to make a breach by firing certain Mines which opened a wideness of forty two paces at the point of that Bulwark and continuing their breaches towards the Sea breaking in their way the Front of the Fort Priulo they proceeded almost to the Gate of St. Andrea and opened forty eight paces more in all ninety paces Afterwards they ruined the remainder of the Wall and that which was called the Scotch Fort to the very Sea so that the Christians were forced to retire from their Out-works and contract their Precincts to the Walls of the City To add unto the misery of this place an unfortunate shot from the Turks Camp entred that Magazine which was near St. Peter Church where the artificial Fires were made and meeting several shells of Granadoes already charged with thirty Barrels of Powder all took fire and blew into the air and burned all the houses which were near thereunto At this unlucky accident the Besieged fearing a general assault and seeing the Turkish Horse draw into a Body near Sabionera the whole Garrison ran to the Walls but no farther Attempt being made towards evening they blew up a Lodge of the Enemy with all the people that were therein Anno Christi 1669. Hegeira 1080. TOwards the end of the last Year and at the beginning of this the Turks began to open their eyes and find themselves defrauded with the grossest cheat that ever was imposed on a people who had either reason or humanity For now three or four years had ran on that the French Dutch Italians and other Nations had introduced into all parts of the Turkish Dominions unless in those Eastward as Aleppo The story of the false Reaux or Temins and farther a sort of small Mony called by some Luigini by others Ottavi and by the Turks Temins worth about five pence English which appearing pleasant and bright to the eye and commodious for change and common expences so bewitched the Commonalty that Pieces of Eight Zaichins and other merchantable Money were laid aside as neither currant or valuable At first about nine years past they were of good and warrantable Silver but afterwards with time by little and little grew worse and of baser alloy at length the people doting more and more upon them they came coarser every day than other and being still currantly passable every person that was failed and of bad reputation entred into the Trade who knowing no bounds of honesty or of gain composed their Mony wholly of Copper or coarser Metals with a fair gloss and resemblance of Silver buying therewith the Commodities of the Country and at length amassed up all the Gold Silver and whatsoever came to hand was the price of their false and bastard Coin with which they filled and abused all Asia nor was this Money only of one Mint but of divers Stamps and Mottoes reproachful to the Turks and it is pity they had not wit enough to understand them as namely Voluit hanc Asia mercem De procul pretiam ejus and such like which were so various that many who had the curiosity to make a collection of them found no less than an hundred and twenty several Stamps The Commonalty still enamoured with the brightness of their colour and commodiousness of their change little reflected on the ill consequence to the generality having seldom more than to supply their daily wants And the Officers of the the Customs finding a benefit extraordinary to themselves upon the vast Sums of Money imported little cared how it fared with the publick In the mean time the whole currant of Merchandise in the Levant was dispossessed of its ordinary and true chanel for vast quantities or a glut of Turkish Goods filled all Christendom the prices low and cheap and no profit to any Merchant

he went before the Kadi and there in presence of divers Officers of the City turned Turk hoping by the Priviledge of the Mahometan Law whereby no Christian testimony can pass against a Turk to appropriate unto himself that whole Estate which he had thus treacherously got into his sole custody And it being impossible for Turks to attest the Marks Numbers or know the Estates of Persons being in England he judged himself out of the reach of any Power or Art to dispossess him of his unjust and wicked acquests Howsoever the Consul did so closely pursue him both at Smyrna and at the Turkish Court that in the space of seven months he regained all the Cloth and the best part of the Mony and Jewels out of his hands and in fine reduced this Renegado to so low a condition that he humbly supplicated the Consul to contrive a way for his passage into England at which time His Majesties Frigate the Centurion being then in Port he was imbarked thereupon and so returned into his own Country The Particulars of all which having been amply related in Writing and Letters to private Friends I purposely omit the same in this place that so I might cast a veil over the nakedness and shame of our Nation in that City Howsoever I judge it requisite to recount this Story in brief and in general heads That men may know there is a God who rules above who rejects impious and licentious persons confounding the designs of those who betraying their Trust deviate from the common Rules of Morality and Honesty Anno 1647. Hegeira 1085. THis Year began at Smyrna with the happy Arrival of Sir John Finch sent by His Majesty for Ambassador to the Grand Signior in the place of Sir Daniel Harvey who dyed in August 1672. at his Country-house not far from Constantinople His Excellency entred the City on the first day of January 1673 / 4 rejoycing the English Factory with the sight of their new Ambassador that Office having been now void for the space of sixteen months who was welcome also to people of the Country judging him fortunate for arriving at the Feast of their great Biram nor less pleasing was the News thereof to the Court especially to the late Pasha of Tunis whose Goods and Monies taken by one Dominico Franceschi out of an English Ship called the Mediterranean in her passage from Tunis to Tripoli this Ambassador had recovered from Ligorne and Malta which being an action without example was greatly admired and applauded by the Turks and esteemed an evident demonstration of that great Interest and Power which the Glory of our King hath acquired in Foreign parts and of the singular dexterity of such a Minister About the 18th of March Sir John Finch arrived at Constantinople being transported to the Dardanelli on his Majesties Fregat the Centurion and thence on a Gally hired at Smyrna for that purpose Some few days after his arrival the Grand Signior and Vizier being at Adrianople the Lord Ambassador had audience of the Chimacam whom he saluted with this speech I am come Ambassadour from Charles the Second King of England Scotland France and Ireland sole Lord and Soveraign of all the Seas that environ his Kingdoms Lord and Soveraign of vast territories and possessions in the East and West-Indies Defender of the Christian Faith against all those that Worship Idols or Images To the most Powerful and mighty Emperor of the East to maintain that peace which hath been so useful and that commerce which hath been so profitable to this Empire For the continuance and encrease whereof I promise you in my station to contribute what I can and I promise to my self that you in your will do the like But to proceed to the Wars The Polanders being thus prosperous made use of their success and the sharp cold of the Winter-season to make their Incursions and Winter-quarters through all the Principalities of Moldavia for they being born in cold Countries and accustomed to the Snows and Frosts were more patient and enduring of extremity of weather than were the Turks who were brought forth from more mild and moderate Climates so that neither could the Poles be driven out from those Countries nor Keminitz be relieved by them until such time that the Sun getting high and thawing the Snows and warming the Earth prepared a season fit for return of the Turks who marching according to their custom with an Army composed of great multitudes quickly compelled the Poles to retire For the Grand Signior and Vizier having both seated their Winter-quarters on the Banks of the Danube were ready at the first opening of the Summer to enter their Arms into the Enemies Countries and having called the Tartars to their assistance did according to the usual custom make Incursions for depredation of Slaves Cattel and whatsoever else was portable in a running March. The Chan or King of this People was at that time greatly indisposed in his health of which he advised the Great Vizier as if he intended thereby to obtain a release from his personal attendance that year in the War But the Vizier who either supposed this excuse to be only a pretence or that he had a kindness for his Person immediately dispatched away his own Physician called Signior Masselini an Italian born a worthy Learned man a good Christian and my intimate Friend with whom maintaining a constant correspondence by Letters he wrote me A Journy into Tartary That from the Grand Signiors Quarters which were at Batadog near the Banks of the Danube he arrived after seventeen days Journey in Chrim where he said he was received with singular honour and kindness by the Great Chan whom he found to be a Prince of admirable prudence gentleness and generosity but greatly afflicted with a Hypochondriacal Melancholy which being an infirmity of some years standing was with the more difficulty removed howsoever he was so far from being uncapable to follow his Army that he advised him to divert his mind with the thoughts of War which counsel having taken after thirty days abode in the Camp he found himself much more chearful than before and greatly relieved of that pressure of Melancholy and caliginous Vapours which offended his Brain We are now said he at Vssia at the Mouth of the Boristhenes which we have passed from the other side unto this where the River is nine miles broad from hence we are marching towards Bender upon the Niester to pass into Moldavia and there to joyn with the Ottoman Army The Poles have sent to demand Peace but with condition that Kemenitz be restored to them which Proposition was with great disdain rejected and will never be granted whilst this Emperour reigns These people greatly desired a Peace with Poland which the Election of Sobieski for King may probably facilitate for not only they but the Turks also dread a March into Poland and are so inveterately bent to take revenge on the Muscovites and Cosacks

that for Him below or at the foot of it the which being an unusual and unpractised diminution of the ancient honour given formerly to Ambassadors he ordered one of his Servants To set it again on the Soffrá equal with that of the Visier's the which being done was again brought down by one of the Visiers Pages and placed as before whereupon the Ambassador seizing the Stool with his own hand carried it on the Sofftá and sate upon it which being reported to the Visier then in his retiring Chamber he sent twice to him to remove letting him know That unless the Stool were returned into the Place appointed by him he would not appear in the Chamber of Audience Whereunto his Excellency returned this prudent Answer That the Visier might dispose of his Chair as he pleased but not of his Person In which Interim the Chaous-Bashee came in roaring out Calder Calder which is Take it away Take it away meaning the Stool at which noise the Ambassador arising to see what the matter was had the Stool taken from under him whereat being greatly enraged he threw out of the Room in a high passion and causing the Presents which he brought to be again returned with him he mounted his Horse and departed Afterwards it was intimated unto the English Ambassador That he might if he pleased receive Audience of the Great Vifier But his Excellency uuderstanding in what manner the French Ambassador had been treated excused his going on pretence of an Indisposition of health Howsoever the Venetian Bailo and the Residents of Holland and Genoua were contented to be admitted unto Audience on those terms which the Visier was pleased to allow And though during the time that he was Chimacam and bore other inferior Offices and Charges of Trust his behaviour was gentle affable and civil yet I fear that now having changed his Office he will have altered his humour and that his Greatness will have en-creased his Pride Avarice and Fierceness thus no man knows what another will be when he shall enter into power Dic mihi si fueris tu Leo qualis eris And as Magistratus indicat Virum so in the actions of his management the temper and constitution of this great Person will be discovered And thus having given a short Account and Character of this present Visier his future Acts and Monuments must be the Subject of other Pens FINIS THE HISTORY OF THE TURKISH EMPIRE CONTINUED From the Year One thousand Six hundred Seventy six to the Year One thousand Six hundred Eighty six By Sir ROGER MANLEY Knight THE HISTORY OF THE TURKISH EMPIRE CONTINUED From the Year of Our Lord 1676 to the Year 1686. By Sir Roger Manley Knight THE History of the Turkish Empire having been transferr'd to us by Mr. Knolles very methodically and well and continued by the deferving Pen of Sir Paul Rycaut to the Year 1676 being the Twenty eighth of Sultan Mahomet the Fourth now reigning We have as well by inclination as to satisfie the desires of some Friends thought fit to prosecute so laudable a Design by extending the History of that great Monarchy to our present Times And though we may be defective in skill for so Eminent an Undertaking we shall notwithstanding add Industry to our Endeavours and compensate our Failings by the candour and ingenuity of our Narrative Achmet the great Visier being dead in his way to Adrianople was succeeded by Kara Mustapha his Brother-in-Law aged about fifty and who had exercised the office of Caimacan for many years The Grand Seignior to indear him the more to him married him to one of his Daughters though very young not exceeding five years of age according to the custom practised by the Sultans to be rid of their Daughters betimes which are always numerous by reason of the multiplicity of their Concubines and by this means to ease themselves of the Expence which they are obliged to be at in maintaining them according to their Quality In the same Month of January the strong Garison of Canisia having drawn out a Party to attack the Isle of Sexin allarmed all Croatia by their Military Executions exacting Contributions and pillaging and burning such places as did not submit to their tyranny The Turks of Newhausel did also ravage the Countrey on their side as far as Frystat But before we enter upon their stage of War it may be requisite to say somewhat of the Troubles of Hungary which preceded and their causes and how the Infidels came to be Principals in a War of Religion between Christians The Kingdom of Hungary being subdivided into Counties as in England or Communities have right to send their Deputies to the Dyets or Conventions of the Estates which ought to be summoned every three years according to the Laws of the Kingdom This Assembly is composed of the Clergy the principal Lords the Gentry and the said Deputies of the Counties It hath the right of choosing a Palatine who ought to be an Hungarian according to the priviledges of the Nation and to have the intire direction of War and Justice The great Lords have so great Authority over their Vassals that they are look'd upon as so many lesser Sovereigns in their several Territories They have also great Revenues which inables them upon occasion to raise considerable Bodies of Men the People in general being strong active and valiant but covetous vindicative and inconstant The great Employments of the Kingdom were also invested in the Natives and no Strangers were to be imposed upon them or Foreigners enquartered amongst them all which the Emperour upon his Election to the Crown was obliged to observe by the solemnity of an Oath But on the other side there being very many Arrians Calvinists and Lutherans in the Countrey they added to the aversion the Natives have to the Germans having been as they thought too severely used by them complaining that they were hindred in the free Exercise of their Religion their Churches violently taken away from them and their Ministers forced from their Duty It was farther complained that the Grandees of the Kingdom were not permitted to injoy their Priviledges of which one was That none of them should for any Crime whatsoever be convened before any Judges but those of their own Nation Notwithstanding all this as the Emperour had sworn to maintain their Priviledges he had likewise promised to derend their Country which could not be done against the Insults of so powerful an Enemy as the Turk without an Army and those strangers living ill with the Inhabitants and they again shutting their Towns against them occasioned infinite Violences and Disorders on both sides which Repugnancy was the source of all the Troubles in Hungary The Emperour beginning to suspect the fidelity of the Hungarians by reason of the obstinacy wherewith they refused to lodge his Troops began seriously to think of securing the Kingdom to himself which being perceived he augmented by that Precaution the hatred which the