Majesty King CHARLEs the Second was pleased when my Lord was in banishment to make him Knight of the most Noble Order of the Garter And 12. After his Return into England Chief Justice in Eyre Trent-North 13. He created him Duke of Newcastle and Earl of Ogle 7. Of the Entertainments He made for King CHARLES the First THough my Lord hath alwayes been free and noble in his Entertainments and Feastings yet he was pleased to shew his great Affection and Duty to his Gracious King Charles the First and Her Majesty the Queen in some particular Entertainments which he made of purpose for them before the late Warrs When His Majesty was going into Scotland to be Crowned he took His way through Nottinghamshire and lying at Worksop-Mannor hardly two miles distant from Welbeck where my Lord then was my Lord invited His Majesty thither to a Dinner which he was graciously pleased to accept of This Entertainment cost my Lord between Four and Five thousand pounds which His Majesty liked so well that a year after His Return out of Scotland He was pleased to send my Lord word That Her Majesty the Queen was resolved to make a Progress into the Northern parts desiring him to prepare the like Entertainment for Her as he had formerly done for Him Which My Lord did and endeavour'd for it with all possible Care and Indudustry sparing nothing that might add splendor to that Feast which both Their Majesties were pleased to honour with their Presence Ben Iohnson he employed in fitting such Scenes and Speeches as he could best devise and sent for all the Gentry of the Country to come and wait on their Majesties and in short did all that ever he could imagine to render it Great and worthy Their Royal Acceptance This Entertainment he made at bolsover-Bolsover-Castle in Derbyshire some five miles distant from Welbeck and resigned Welbeck for Their Majesties Lodging it cost him in all between Fourteen and Fifteen thousand pounds Besides these two there was another small Entertainment which my Lord prepared for His late Majesty in his own Park at Welbeck when His Majesty came down with his two Nephews the now Prince Elector Palatine and His Brother Prince Rupert into the Forrest of Sherwood which cost him Fifteen hundred pounds And this I mention not out of a vain-glory but to declare the great love and Duty my Lord had for His Gracious King and Queen and to correct the mistakes committed by some Historians who not being rightly informed of those Entertainments make the World believe Falshood for Truth But as I said they were made before the Warrs when my Lord had the possessiou of a great Estate and wanted nothing to express his Love and Duty to his Soveraign in that manner whereas now he should be much to seek to do the like his Estate being so much ruined by the late Civil Wars that neither himself nor his Posterity will be able so soon to recover it 8. His Education HIs Education was according to his Birth for as he was born a Gentleman so he was bred like a Gentleman To School-Learning he never shew'd a great inclination for though he was sent to the University and was a Student of St. Iohn's Colledg in Cambridg and had his Tutors to instruct him yet they could not perswade him to read or study much he taking more delight in sports then in learning so that his Father being a wise man and seeing that his Son had a good natural Wit and was of a very good Disposition suffer'd him to follow his own Genius whereas his other Son Charles in whom he found a greater love and inclination to Learning he encouraged as much that way as possibly he could One time it hapned that a young Gentleman one of my Lord's Relations had bought some Land at the same time when my Lord had bought a Singing-Boy for 50 l. a Horse for 50 l. and a Dog for 2 l. which humour his Father Sir Charles liked so well that he was pleased to say That if he should find his Son to be so covetous that he would buy Land before he was 20 years of Age he would disinherit him But above all the rest my Lord had a great inclination to the Art of Horsemanship and Weapons in which later his Father Sir Charles being a most ingenuous and unparallell'd Master of that Age was his onely Tutor and kept him also several Masters in the Art of Horsemanship and sent him to the Mewse to Mons. Antoine who was then accounted the best Master in that Art But my Lord's delight in those Heroick Exercises was such that he soon became Master thereof Himself which encreased much his Father's hopes of his future perfections who being himself a person of a Noble and Heroick nature was extreamly well pleased to observe his Son take delight in such Arts and Exercises as were proper and fit for a person of Quality 9. His Natural Wit and Vnderstanding ALthough my Lord has not so much of Scholarship and Learning as his Brother Sir Charles Cavendish had yet he hath an excellent Natural Wit and Judgment and dives into the bottom of every thing as it is evidently apparent in the forementioned Art of Horsemanship and Weapons which by his own ingenuity he has reformed and brought to such perfection as never any one has done heretofore And though he is no Mathematician by Art yet he hath a very good Mathematical brain to demonstrate Truth by natural reason and is both a good Natural and Moral Philosopher not by reading Philosophical Books but by his own Natural Understanding and Observation by which he hath found out many Truths To pass by several other instances I 'le but mention that when my Lord was at Paris in his Exile it happen'd one time that he discoursing with some of his Friends amongst whom was also that Learned Philosopher Hobbes they began amongst the rest to argue upon this subject namely Whether it mere possible to make Man by Art fly as Birds do and when some of the Company had delivered their Opinion viz. That they thought it probable to be done by the help of Artificial Wings My Lord declared that he deemed it altogether impossible and demonstrared it by this following Reason Man's Armes said he are not set on his shoulders in the same manner as Bird's wings are for that part of the Arm which joins to the Shoulder is in Man placed inward as towards the breast but in Birds outward as toward the back which difference and contrary position or shape hinders that man cannot have the same flying-action with his Armes as Birds have with their Wings Which Argument Mr. Hobbes liked so well that he was pleased to make use of it in one of his Books called Leviathan if I remember well Some other time they falling into a Discourse concerning Witches Mr. Hobbes said That though he could not rationally believe there were Witches yet he could not be fully satisfied
those Counties in the Northen parts generally faithful to his Majesty but raised an Army for His Majesties Interest and the protection of his good subjects thought it convenient to employ and authorise some persons of Quality to attend upon my Lord and treat with him on their behalf that he would be pleased to give them the assistance of his Army which my Lord granted them upon such Terms as did highly advance His Majesties Service which was my Lords chief and onely aim Thus my Lord being with his Army invited into York-Shire He prepared for it with all the speed that the nature of that business could possibly permit and after he had fortified the Town of Newcastle Tynmouthcastle Hartlepool a Haven Town and some other necessary Garisons in those parts and Mann'd Victuall'd and order'd their constant supply He thought it fit in the first place before he did march to manifest to the World by a Declaration in Print the reasons and grounds of his undertaking that design which were in General for the preservation of His Majesties Person and Government and the defence of the Orthodox Church of England where He also satisfied those that murmur'd for my Lords receiving into his Army such as were of the Catholick Religion and then he presently marched with his Army into York-shire to their assistance and within the time agreed upon came to York notwithstanding the Enemies Forces gave him all the interruption they possibly could at several passes whereof the chief was at Pierce-bridg at the entering into York-shire where 1500 of the Enemies Forces Commanded in chief by Col. Hotham were ready to interrupt my Lord's Forces sent thither to secure that passe consisting of a Regiment of Dragoons commanded by Colonel Thomas Howard and a Regiment of Foot Commanded by Sir William Lambton which they performed with so much Courage that they routed the Enemy and put them to flight although the said Col. Howard in that Charge lost his life by an unfortunate shot The Enemy thus missing of their design fled until they met with a conjunction of their whole Forces at Tadcaster some eight miles distant from York and my Lord went on without any other considerable Interruption Being come to York he drew up his whole Army before the Town both Horse and Foot where the Commander in Chief the then earl of Cumberland together with the Gentry of the Country came to wait on my Lord and the then Governor of York Sir Thomas Glemham presented him with the Keys of the City Thus my Lord marched into the Town with great joy and to the general satisfaction both of the Nobility and Gentry and most of the Citizens and immediately without any delay in the later end of December 1642 fell upon Consultations how he might best proceed to serve his King and Country and particularly how his Army should be maintained and paid as he did also afterwards in every Country wheresoever he marched well knowing that no Army can be governed without being constantly and regularly supported by provision and pay Whereupon it was agreed That the Nobility and Gentry of the several Counties should select a certain number of themselves to raise money by a regular Tax for the making provisions for the support and maintenance of the Army rather than to leave them to free-quarter and to carve for themselves and if any of the Soldiers were exorbitant and disorderly and that it did appear so to those that were authorised to examine their deportment that presently order should be given to repair those injuries out of the moneys levied for the Soldiery by which means the Country was preserved from many inconveniences which otherwise would doubtless have followed And though the season of the year might well have invited my Lord to take up his Winter-quarters it being about Christmas yet after he had put a good Garison into the City of York and fortified it upon intelligence that the Enemy was still at Tadcaster and had fortified that place he resolved to march thither The greatest part of the Town stands on the West side of a River not fordable in any place near thereabout nor allowing any passage into the Town from York but over a Stone-bridge which the Enemy had made impassable by breaking down part of the Bridg and planting their Ordnance upon it and by raising a very large and strong Fort upon the top of a Hill leading Eastward from that Bridg towards York upon design of commanding the Bridg and all other places fit to draw up an Army in or to plant Cannon against them But notwithstanding all these Discouragements my Lord after he had refresh'd his Army at York and recruited his provisions ordered a march before the said Town in this manner That the greatest part of his Horse and Dragoons should in the night march to a Pass at Weatherby five miles distant from Tadcaster towards North-west from thence under the Command of his then Lieutenant General of the Army to appear on the West side of Tadcaster early the next morning by which time my Lord with the rest of his Army resolved to appear at the East-side of the said Town which intention was well design'd but ill executed for though my Lord with that part of the Army which he commanded in person that is to say his Foot and Cannon attended by some Troops of Horse did march that night and early in the morning appear'd before the Town on the East side thereof and there drew up his Army planted his Cannon and closely and orderly besieged that side of the Town and from ten in the morning till four a Clock in the afternoon battered the Enemies Forts and Works as being in continual expectation of the appearance of the Troops on the other side according to his order yet whether it was out of Neglect or Treachery that my Lords Orders were not obeyed that days Work was rendred ineffectual as to the whole Design However the vigilancy of My Lord did put the Enemy into such a Terror that they forsook that Fort and secretly fled away with all their Train that very night to another strong hold not far distant from Tadcaster called cawood-Cawood-Castle to which by reason of its low and boggy Scituation and foul and narrow Lanes and passages it was not possible for my Lord to pursue them without too great an hazard to his Army whereas had the Lieutenant General performed his Duty in all probability the greatest part of the principal Rebels in York-shire would that day have been taken in their own trap and their further mischief prevented My Lord the next morning instead of storming the Town as he he had intended entred without interruption and there stayed some few days to refresh his Army and order that part of the Country In December 1642. My Lord thought it fit to march to Pomfret and to quarter his Army in that part of the Country which was betwixt Cawood and some Garisons of the Enemy in the
west part of York-shire viz. Hallifax Bradford Leeds Wakefield c. where he remained some time to recruit and enlarge his Army which was much lessened by erecting of Garisons and to keep those parts in order and obedience to His Majesty And after he had thus ordered his Affairs He was enabled to give Protection to those parts of the Country that mere most willing to embrace it and quarter'd his Army for a time in such places which he had reduced Tadcaster which stood upon a Pass he made a Garison or rather a strong Quarter and put also a Garison into Pomfret Castle not above eight Miles distant from Tadcaster which commanded that Town and a great part of the Country During the time that his Army remained at Pomfret My Lord setled a Garison at Newark in Nottingham-shire standing upon the River Trent a very considerable pass which kept the greatest part of Nottingham-shire and part of Lincoln-shire in obedience and after that he returned in the beginning of Ianuary 1642 back to York with an intention to supply Himself with some Ammunition which He had ordered to be brought from Newcastle A Convoy of Horse that were imployed to conduct it from thence under the Command of the Lieutenant General of the Army the Lord Ethyn was by the Enemy at a pass called Yarum-bridg in York-shire fiercely encountred in which encounter My Lord's Forces totally routed them slew many and took many Prisoners and most of their Horse Colours consisting of Seventeen Cornets and so march'd on to York with their Ammunition without any other Interruption My Lord after he had received this Ammunition put his Army into a condition to march and having intelligence that the Queen was at Sea with intention to land in some part of the Eastriding of York-shire he directed his March in February 1642 into those parts to be ready to attend Her Majesties landing who was then daily expected from Holland Within a short time after it had pleased God to protect Her Majesty both from the fury of Wind and Waves there being for several days such a Tempest at Sea that Her Majesty with all her Attendance was in danger to be cast away every minute as also from the fury of the Rebels which had the whole Naval Power of the Kingdom then in their Hands she arrived safely at a small Port in the Eastriding of York-shire called Burlington Key where Her Majesty was no sooner landed but the Enemy at Sea made continual shot against her Ships in the Port which reached not onely Her Majesties landing but even the House where she lay though without the least hurt to any so that she her self and her Attendants were forced to leave the same and to seek Protection from a Hill near that place under which they retired and all that while it was observed that Her Majesty shewed as much Courage as ever any person could do for Her undaunted and Generous spirit was like her Royal Birth deriving it self from that unparrallell'd King Her Father whose Heroick Actions will be in perpetual Memory whilest the World hath a being My Lord finding Her Majesty in this condition drew his Army near the place where she was ready to attend and protect Her Majesties Person who was pleased to take a view of the Army as it was drawn up in order and immediately after which was in March 1643 took Her journey towards York whither the whole Army conducted Her Majesty and brought her safe into the City About this time Her Majesty having some present occasion for Money My Lord presented Her with 3000 l. Sterling which she graciously accepted of and having spent some time there in Consultation about the present affairs she was pleased to send some Armes and Ammunition to the King who was then in Oxford to which end my Lord ordered a Party consisting of 1500 well Commanded to conduct the same with whom the Lord Percy who then had waited upon Her Majesty from the King returned to Oxford which Party His Majesty was pleased to keep with him for his own Service Not long after My Lord who always endeavoured to win any place or persons by fair means rather then by using of force reduced to His Majesties obedience a strong Fort and Castle upon the Sea and a very good Haven call'd scarborough-Scarborough-Castle perswading the Governour thereof who heretofore had opposed his Forces at Yarum-bridg with such rational and convincible Arguments that he willingly rendred himself and all the Garison under His Majesties Devotion By which prudent Action My Lord highly advanced His Majesties Interest for by that means the Enemy was much annoyed and prejudiced at Sea and a great part in the East-riding of York-shire kept in due obedience After this My Lord having received Intelligence that the Enemies General of the Horse had designed to march with a Party from Cawood Castle whither they were fled from Tadcaster as before is mentioned to some Garisons which they had in the West of York-shire presently order'd a party of Horse Commanded by the General of the Horse the Lord George Goring to attend the Enemy in their March who overtook them on a Moor call'd Seacroft-Moor and fell upon their Rear which caused the Enemy to draw up their Forces into a Body to whom they gave a Total rout although their number was much greater and took about 800 Prisoners and 10 or 12 Colours of Horse besides many that were slain in the charge which Prisoners were brought to York about 10 or 12 miles distant from that same place Immediately after in pursuit of that Victory My Lord sent a considerable Party into the West of York-shire where they met with about 2000 of the Enemies Forces taken out of their several Garisons in those parts to execute some design upon a Moor called Tankerly-Moor and there fought them and routed them many were slain and some taken Prisoners Not long after the Remainder of the Army that were left at York marched to Leeds in the West of York-shire and from thence to Wakefield being both the Enemies Quarters to reduce and settle that part of the Country My Lord having possessed himself of the Town of Wakefield it being large and of great compass and able to make a strong quarter order'd it accordingly and receiving Intelligence that in two Market-Towns Southwest from Wakefield viz. Rotheram and Sheffield the Enemy was very busie to raise Forces against his Majesty and had fortified them both about four miles distant from each other hoping thereby to give protection and encouragement to all those parts of the Country which were populous rich and rebellious he thought it necessary to use his best endeavours to blast those their wicked designs in the bud and thereupon took a resolution in April 1643 to march with part of his Army from Wakefield into the mentioned parts attended with a convenient Train of Artillery and Ammunition leaving the greatest part of it at Wakefield with the remainder of
his Army under the Care and Conduct of his General of the Horse and Major General of the Army which was so considerable both in respect of their number and provision that they did as they might well conceive themselves Master of the Field in those parts and secure in that quarter although in the end it proved not so as shall hereafter be declared which must necessarily be imputed to their invigilancy and carelessness My Lord first marched to Rotheram and finding that the Enemy had placed a Garison of Soldiers in that Town and fortified it he drew up his Army in the morning against the Town and summon'd it but they refusing to yield my Lord fell to work with his Cannon and Musket and within a short time took it by storm and enter'd the Town that very night some Enemies of note that were found therein were taken Prisoners and as for the common Soldiers which were by the Enemy forced from their Allegiance he shew'd such Clemency to them that very many willingly took up Arms for His Majesties Service and proved very faithful and loyal Subjects and good Soldiers After my Lord had stayed two or three dayes there and order'd those parts he marched with his Army to Sheffield another Market-Town of large extent in which there was an ancient Castle which when the Enemies Forces that kept the Town came to hear of being terrified with the fame of my Lords hitherto Victorious Army they fled away from thence into Derbyshire and left both Town and Castle without any blow to my Lords Mercy and though the people in the Town were most of them rebelliously affected yet my Lord so prudently ordered the business that within a short time he reduced most of them to their Allegiance by love and the rest by fear and recruited his Army daily he put a Garison of Soldiers into the Castle and fortified it in all respects and constituted a Gentleman of Quality Governour both of the Castle Town and Country and finding near that place some Iron Works he gave present order for the casting of Iron Cannon for his Garisons and for the making of other Instruments and Engines of War Within a short time after my Lord receiving Intelligence that the Enemy in the Garisons near Wakefield had united themselves and being drawn into a body in the night time had surprised and enter'd the Town of Wakesield and taken all or most of the Officers and Soldiers left there Prisoners amongst whom was also the General of the Horse the Lord Goring whom my Lord afterwards redeem'd by Exchange and possessed themselves of the whole Magazine which was a very great loss and hinderance to my Lords designs it being the Moity of his Army and most of his Ammunition he fell upon new Counsels and resolved without any delay to march from thence back towards York which was in May 1643 where after he had rested some time Her Majesty being resolved to take Her Journey towards the Southern parts of the Kingdom where the King was designed first to go from York to Pomfret whither my Lord ordered the whole Marching Army to be in readiness to conduct Her Majesty which they did he himself attending Her Majesty in person And after Her Majesty had rested there some small time she being desirous to proceed in Her intended Journey no less then a formed Army was able to secure Her Person Wherefore my Lord was resolved out of his fidelity and duty to supply Her with an Army of 7000 Horse and Foot besides a convenient Train of Artillery for Her safer Conduct chusing rather to leave himself in a weak condition though he was even then very near the Enemies Garisons in that part of the Country then suffer Her Majesties Person to be exposed to danger Which Army of 7000 men when Her Majesty was safely arrived to the King He was pleased to keep with him for His own Service After Her Majesties departure out of Yorkshire my Lord was forced to recruit again his Army and within a short time viz. in Iune 1643 took a resolution to march into the Enemies Quarters in the Western parts in which march he met with a strong stone house well fortified call'd Howley-House wherein was a Garison of Soldiers which my Lord summon'd but the Governour disobeying the summons he batter'd it with his Cannon and so took it by force the Governour having quarter given him contrary to my Lords Orders was brought before my Lord by a Person of Quality for which the Officer that brought him received a check and though he resolved then to kill him yet my Lord would not suffer him to do it saying It was inhumane to kill any man in cold blood Hereupon the Governour kiss'd the Key of the House door and presented it to my Lord to which my Lord return'd this answer I need it not said he for I brought a Key along with me which yet I was unwilling to use until you forced me to it At this House my Lord remained five or six days till he had refreshed his Soldiers and then a resolution was taken to march against a Garison of the Enemies call'd Bradford a little but a strong Town in the way he met with a strong interruption by the Enemy drawing forth a vast number of Musquetiers which they had very privately gotten out of Lancashire the next adjoining County to those parts of York-shire which had so easie an access to them at Bradford by reason the whole Country was of their Party that my Lord could not possibly have any constant intelligence of their designs and motions for in their Army there were near 5000 Musquetiers and 18 Troops of Horse drawn up in a place full of hedges called Atherton-moor near to their Garison at Bradford ready to encounter my Lords Forces which then contained not above half so many Musquetiers as the Enemy had their chiefest strength consisting in Horse and these made useless for a long time together by the Enemies Horse possessing all the plain ground upon that Field so that no place was left to draw up my Lords Horse but amongst old Coal-pits Neither could they charge the Enemy by reason of a great ditch and high bank betwixt my Lord's and the Enemies Troops but by two on a breast and that within Musquet shot the Enemy being drawn up in hedges and continually playing upon them which rendred the service exceeding difficult and hazardous In the mean while the Foot of both sides on the right and left Wings encounter'd each other who fought from Hedg to Hedg and for a long time together overpower'd and got ground of my Lords Foot almost to the invironing of his Cannon my Lords Horse wherein consisted his greatest strength all this while being made by reason of the ground incapable of charging at last the Pikes of my Lords Army having had no employment all the day were drawn against the Enemies left wing and particularly those of my Lords
being both Valiant and Heroick Persons good Soldiers and most Loyal Subjects to His Majesty the one an excellent Commander of Horse the other of Foot My Lord having now lived in Rotterdam almost six months at a great charge keeping an open and noble Table for all comers and being pleased especially to entertain such as were excellent Soldiers and noted Commanders of War whose kindness he took as a great Obligation still hoping that some occasion would happen to invite those worthy Persons into England to serve His Majesty but seeing no probability of either returning into England or doing His Majesty any service in that kind he resolved to retire to some place where he might live privately and having chosen the City of Antwerp for that purpose went to the Hague to take his leave of His Highness the Prince our now gracious Soveraign My Lord had then but a small stock of money left for though the then Marquess of Hereford after Duke of S omerset and his Cousin-German once removed the now Earl of Devonshire had lent him 2000 l. between them yet all that was spent and above 1000 l. more which my Lord borrowed during the time he lived in Rotterdam his Expence being the more by reason as I mentioned he lived freely and nobly However my Lord notwithstanding that little provision of Money he had set forth from Rotterdam to Antwerp where for some time he lay in a publick Inne until one of his Friends that had a great love and respect for my Lord Mr. Endymion Porter who was Groom of the Bed-chamber to His Majesty King Charles the First a place not onely honourable but very profitable being not willing that a Person of such Quality as my Lord should lie in a publick House profer'd him Lodgings at the House where he was and would not let my Lord be at quiet until he had accepted of them My Lord after he had stay'd some while there endeavouring to find out a House for himself which might fit him and his small Family for at that time he had put off most of his Train and also be for his own content lighted on one that belonged to the Widow of a famous Picture-drawer Van Ruben which he took About this time my Lord was much necessitated for Money which forced him to try several ways for to obtain so much as would relieve his present wants At last Mr. Alesbury the onely Son to Sir Th. Alesbury Knight and Baronet and Brother to the now Countess of Clarendon a very worthy Gentleman and great Friend to my Lord having some Moneys that belonged to the now Duke of Buckingham and seeing my Lord in so great distress did him the favour to lend him 200 l. which money my Lord since his return hath honestly and justly repai'd This relief came so seasonably that it got my Lord Credit in the City of Antwerp whereas otherwise he would have lost himself to his great disadvantage for my Lord having hired the house aforementioned and wanting Furniture for it was credited by the Citizens for as many Goods as he was pleased to have as also for Meat and Drink and all kind of necessaries and provisions which certainly was a special Blessing of God he being not onely a stranger in that Nation but to all appearance a Ruined man After my Lord had been in Antwerp sometime where he lived as retiredly as it was possible for him to do he gained much love and respect of all that knew or had any business with him At the beginning of our coming thither we found but few English except those that were Merchants but afterwards their number increased much especially of Persons of Quality and whereas at first there were no more but four Coaches that went the Tour viz. the Governors of the Castle my Lords and two more they amounted to the number of above a hundred before we went from thence for all those that had sufficient means and could go to the price kept Coaches and went the Tour for their own pleasure And certainly I cannot in duty and conscience but give this Publick Testimony to that place That whereas I have observ'd that most commonly such Towns or Cities where the Prince of that Country doth not reside himself or where there is no great resort of the chief Nobility and Gentry are but little civilised Certainly the Inhabitants of the said City of Antwerp are the civilest and best behaved People that ever I saw so that my Lord lived there with as much content as a man of his condition could do and his chief pastime and divertisement consisted in the Mannage of the two afore mentioned Horses which he had not enjoyed long but the Barbary-horse for which he paid 200 Pistols in Paris died and soon after the Horse which he had from the Lord Crofts and though he wanted present means to repair these his losses yet he endeavoured and obtained so much Credit at last that he was able to buy two others and by degrees so many as amounted in all to the number of 8. In which he took so much delight and pleasure that though he was then in distress for Money yet he would sooner have tried all other ways then parted with any of them for I have hear'd him say that good Horses are so rare as not to be valued for Mony and that He who would buy him out of his Pleasure meaning his Horses must pay dear for it For instance I shall mention some passages which happen'd when My Lord was in Antwerp First A stranger coming thither and seeing my Lords Horses had a great mind to buy one of them which my Lord loved above the rest and called him his Favourite a fine Spanish Horse intreating my Lords Escuyer to acquaint him with his desire and ask the price of the said Horse My Lord when he heard of it commanded his Servant that if the Chapman returned he should be brought before him which being done accordingly my Lord asked him whether he was resolved to buy his Spanish Horse Yes answered he my Lord and I 'le give your Lordship a good price for him I make no doubt of it replied My Lord or else you shall not have him But you must know said he that the price of that Horse is 1000 l. today tomorrow it will be 2000 l. next day 3000 l. and so forth By which the Chapman perceiving that my Lord was unwilling to part with the said Horse for any Money took his leave and so went his ways The next was That the Duke de Guise who was also a great lover of good Horses hearing much Commendation of a gray leaping Horse which my Lord then had told the Gentleman that praised and commended him That if my Lord was willing to sell the said Horse he would give 600 Pistols for him The Gentleman knowing my Lords humour answered again That he was confident my Lord would never part with him for any mony and to that
the Duke of Oldenburg and the Prince of East-Friesland did my Lord the Honour and presented him with Horses of their own breed One time it happen'd that His Highness Dom Iohn d' Austria who was then Governour of those Provinces came to Antwerp and stayed there some few days and then almost all his Court waited on my Lord so that one day I reckoned about seventeen Coaches in which were all Persons of Quality who came in the morning of purpose to see my Lord's Mannage My Lord receiving so great an honour thought it sit to shew his respect and civility to them and to ride some of his Horses himself which otherwise he never did but for his own excercise and delight Amongst the rest of those great and noble Persons there were two of our Nation viz. the then Marquess now Duke of Ormond and the Earl of Bristol but Dom Iohn was not there in Person excusing himself afterwards to my Lord when my Lord waited on him that the multiplicity of his weighty affairs had hindred his coming thither which my Lord accounted as a very high honour and favour from so great a Prince and conceiving it his duty to wait on his Highness but being unknown to him the Earl of Bristol who had acquaintance with him did my Lord the favour and upon his request presented him to his Highness which favour of the said Earl my Lord highly resented Dom ` Iohn received my Lord with all kindness and respect for although there were many great and noble Persons that waited on him in an out room yet so soon as his Highness heard of my Lord's and the Earl of Bristol's being there he was pleased to admit them before all the rest My Lord after he had passed his Complements told His Highness That he found himself bound in all duty to make his humble acknowledgments for the Favour he received from His Catholick Majesty for permitting and suffering him a banished man to live in His Dominions and under the Government of His Highness whereupon Dom Iohn ask'd my Lord whether he wanted any thing and whether he liv'd peaceably without any molestation or disturbance My Lord answer'd That he lived as much to his own content as a banish'd man could do and received more respect and civility from that City then he could have expected for which he returned his most humble thanks to his Catholick Majesty and His Highness After some short Discourse my Lord took his leave of Dom Iohn Several of the Spaniards advising him to go into Spain and assuring him of His Catholick Majesties Kindness and Favour but my Lord being engaged in the City of Antwerp and besides in years and wanting means for so long and chargeable a voyage was not able to embrace their motions and surely he was so well pleased with the great Civilities he received from that City that then he was resolved to chuse no other residing place all the time of his banishment but that he being not onely credited there for all manner of Provisions and Necessaries for his subsistance but also free both from ordinary and extraordinary Taxes and from paying Excise which was a great favour and obligation to my Lord. After His Highness Dom Iohn had left the Government of those Provinces the Marquess of Caracena succeeded in his place who having a great desire to see my Lord ride in the Mannage entreated a Gentleman of the City that was acquainted with my Lord to beg that favour of him My Lord having not been at that Exercise six weeks or two months by reason of some sickness that made him unfit for it civilly begg'd his excuse but he was so much importuned by the said Gentleman that at last he granted his Request and rid one or two Horses in presence of the said Marquess of Caracena and the then Marquess now Duke of Ormond who often used to honour my Lord with his Company The said Marquess of Caracena seem'd to take much pleasure and satisfaction in it and highly complemented my Lord and certainly I have observed That Noble and Meritorious persons take great delight in honouring each other But not onely strangers but His Majesty Himself our now Gracious Soveraign was pleased to see my Lord ride and one time did ride Himself He being an Excellent Master of that Art and instructed by my Lord who had the Honour to set Him first on a Horse of Mannage when he was His Governour where His Majesties Capacity was such that being but Ten years of Age he would ride leaping Horses and such as would overthrow others and mannage them with the greatest Skill and Dexterity to the admiration of all that beheld Him Nor was this the onely Honour my Lord received from His Majesty but His Majesty and all the Royal Race that is to say Her Highness the then Princess Royal His Highness the Duke of York with His Brother the Duke of Glocester except the Princesse Henrietta now Duchess of Orleans being met one time in Antwerp were pleased to honour my Lord with their Presence and accept of a small Entertainment at his House such as his present Condition was able to afford them And some other time His Majesty passing through the City was pleased to accept of a private Dinner at my Lord's House after which I receiving that gracious Favour from His Majesty that he was pleased to see me he did merrily and in jest tell me That he perceived my Lord's Credit could procure better Meat then His own Again some other time upon a merry Challenge playing a Game at Butts with my Lord when my Lord had the better of Him What said He my Lord have you invited me to play the Rook with me Although their Stakes were not at all considerable but onely for Pastime These passages I mention onely to declare my Lord's happiness in his miseries which he received by the honour and kindness not onely of foreign Princes but of his own Master and Gracious Soveraign I will not speak now of the good esteem and repute he had by his late Majesty King Charles the First and Her Majesty the now Queen-Mother who always held and found him a very loyal and faithful Subject although Fortune was pleased to oppose him in the height of his endeavours for his onely and chief intention was to hinder His Majesties Enemies from executing that cruel design which they had upon their gracious and merciful King In which he tried his uttermost power in so much that I have heard him say out of a passionate Zeal and Loyalty That he would willingly sacrifice himself and all his Posterity for the sake of his Majesty and the Royal Race Nor did he ever repine either at his losses or sufferings but rejoyced rather that he was able to suffer for His King and Countrey His Army was the onely Army that was able to uphold His Majesties Power which so long as it was Victorious it preserved both His Majesties Person and
chiefly it appears by the rate as my Lords Estate is let at present there being several of the mentioned Lands that are let at a higher rate now then they were surveighed nor are they all valued in the mentioned particular according to the surveigh but many of them which were not surveighed are accounted according to the rate they are let at this present The Loss of my Lords Estate in plain Rents as also upon ordinary Use and Use upon Use is as followeth The Annual Rent of My Lords Lands viz. 22393 l. 10 s. 1 d. being lost for the space of 18 years which was the time of his acting in the Wars and of his Banishment without any benefit to him reckoned without any Interest amounts to 403083 l. But being accounted with the ordinary Use at Six in the Hundred and Use upon Use for the mentioned space of 18 Years it amounts to 733579 l. But some perhaps will say That if My Lord had enjoyed his Estate he would have spent it at least so much as to maintain himself according to his degree and quality I answer That it is very improbable My Lord should have spent all his Estate if he had enjoyed it he being a man of great Wisdom and Prudence knowing well how to spend and how to manage for though he lived nobly before the time of the Wars yet not beyond the Compass of his Estate nay so far he would have been from spending his Estate that no doubt but he would have increast it to a vast value as he did before the Wars where notwithstanding his Hospitality and noble House-keeping his charges of Building came to about 31000 l the portion of his second Daughter which was 12000 l the noble entertainments he gave King Charles the First one whereof came to almost 15000 l. another to above 4000 l and a third to 1700 l. as hereafter shall be mentioned and his great expences during the time of his being Governour to His Majesty that now is he yet encreased his Estate to the value of 100000 l which is 5000 per annum when it was by so much less But if any one will reckon the charges of his House-keeping during the time of his Exile and when he had not the enjoyment of his Estate he may substract the sum accounted for the payment of his debts contracted in the time of his Banishment which went to the maintenance of himself and his Family or in lieu thereof considering that I do not account all My Lords losses but onely those that are certainly known he may compare it with the loss of his personal Estate whereof I shall make some mention anon and he 'll find that I do not heighten my Lords Losses but rather diminish them for surely the losses of his personal Estate and those I account not will counterballance the charges of his House-keeping if not exceed them Again others will say That there was much Land sold in the time of My Lords Banishment by his Sons and Feoffees in Trust. I answer First That whatsoever was sold was first bought of the Rebellious Power Next although they sold some Lands yet My Lord knew nothing of it neither did he receive a penny worth for himself neither of what they purchased nor sold all the time of his Banishment till his return And thus much of the loss of My Lords Estate in Rents Concerning the loss of his Parks and Woods as much as is generally known for I do not reckon particular Trees cut down in several of his Woods yet standing 't is as follows 1. Clipston-Park and Woods cut down to the value of 20000 l. 2. Kirkby-Woods for which my Lord was formerly proferr'd 10000 l. 3. Woods cut down in Derbyshire 8000 l. 4. Red-lodg-Wood Rome-wood and others near Welbeck 4000 l. 5. Woods cut down in Stafford-shire 1000 l. 6. Woods cut down in York-shire 1000 l. 7. Woods cut down in Northumberland 1500 l. The Total 45000 l. The Lands which My Lord hath lost in present posession are 2015 l. per annum which at 20 years purchase come to 40300 l. and those which he hath lost in Reversion are 3214 l. per annum which at 16 years purchase amount to the value of 51424 l. The Lands which my Lord since his return has sold for the payment of some of his debts occasioned by the Wars for I do not reckon those he sold to buy others come to the value of 56000 l. to which out of his yearly revenue he has added 10000 l. more which is in all 66000 l. Lastly The Composition of his Brothers Estate was 5000 l. and the loss of it for eight years comes to 16000 l. All which if summ'd up together amounts to 941303 l. These are the accountable losses which My Dear Lord and Husband has suffered by the late Civil Wars and his Loyalty to his King and Country Concerning the loss of his personal Estate since as I often mentioned it cannot be exactly known I shall not endeavour to set down the Particulars thereof onely in General give you a Note of what partly they are 1. The pulling down of several of his dwelling or Mannor-houses 2. The disfurnishing of them of which the Furniture at Bolsover and Welbeck was very noble and rich Out of his London-house at Clarken-well there were taken amongst other Goods suits of Linnen viz. Table-Cloths Sideboard-cloths Napkins c. whereof one suit cost 160 l. they being bought for an Entertainment which My Lord made for Their Majesties King Charles the First and the Queen at bolsover-Bolsover-Castle And of 150 Suits of Hangings of all sorts in all his Houses there were not above 10 or 12 saved Of Silver-plate My Lord had so much as came to the value of 3800 l. besides several Curiosities of Cabinets Cups and other things which after My Lord was gone out of England were taken out of his Mannor house Welbeck by a Garison of the Kings Party that lay therein whereof he recovered onely 1100 l. which Money was sent him beyond the Seas the rest was lost As for Pewter Brass Bedding Linnen and other Houshold-stuff there was nothing else left but some few old Feather-beds and those all spoiled and fit for no use 3. My Lord's Stock of Corn Cattel c. was very great before the Warrs by reason of the largeness and capacity of those grounds and the great number of Granges he kept for his own use as for example Barlow Carkholston Gleadthorp Welbeck and several more which were all well manured and stockt But all this stock was lost besides his Race of Horses in his Grounds Grange-Horses Hackny-Horses Mannage-Horses Coach-Horses and others he kept for his use To these Losses I may well and justly join the charges which my Lord hath been put to since his return into England by reason they were caused by the ruines of the said Warrs whereof I reckon 1. His Law-suits which have been very chargeable to him more then advantagious 2. The
Debts like Thunder-bolts by which he was in danger of being utterly undone had not Patience and Prudence together with Heavens Blessings saved him from that threatning Ruine 5. He never repined at his Losses and Sufferings because he lost and suffered for his King and Countrey nay so far was he from that that I have heard him say If the same Warrs should happen again and he was sure to lose both his life and all he had lest him yet he would most willingly sacrifice it for His Majesties Service 6. He never connived or conspired with the Enemy neither directly nor indirectly for though some Person of Quality being sent in the late Wars to him into the North from His late Majesty who was then at Oxford with some Message did withal in private acquaint him that some of the Nobility that were with the King desired him to side with them against His Majesty alledging that if His Majesty should become an absolute Conqueror both himself and the rest of the Nobility would lose all their Rights and Priviledges yet he was so far from consenting to it that he returned him this answer namely That he entred into actions of War for no other end but for the service of His King and Master and to keep up His Majesties Rights and Prerogatives for which he was resolved to venture both his Life Posterity and Estate for certainly said he the Nobility cannot fall if the King be Victorious nor can they keep up their Dignities if the King be overcome This Message was delivered by word of mouth but none of their names mentioned so that it is not certainly known whether it was a real truth or not more probable it was that they intended to sound my Lord or to make if possible more division for certainly not all that pretended to be for the King were His Friends and I my self remember very well when I was with Her Hajesty the now Queen-Mother in Oxford although I was too young to perceive their intrigues yet I was old enough to observe that there were great Factions both amongst the Courtiers and Soldiers But my Lords Loyalty was such that he kept always faithful and true to His Majesty and could by no means be brought to side with the Rebellious Party or to juggle and mind his own Interest more then his Majesties Service and this was the cause that he had as great private Enemies at Court as he had publick Enemies in the Field who sought as much his ruine and destruction privately and â—ould cast aspersions upon his Loyalty and Duty as theâ—â— did publickly oppose him In short that it may appear the better what loyal and faithful services my Lord has done both for His late Majesty King Charles the First and His now Gracious Master King Charles the Second I have thought fit to subjoin both Their Majesties Commendations which they were pleased to give him when for his Great and Loyal Services they confer'd upon him the Titles and Dignities of Marquess and Duke of Newcastle A Copy of the Preamble of My Lord's Patent for Marquess Englished Rex c. Salutem WHereas it appears to Us That William Earl of Newcastle upon Tyne besides his most Eminent Birth and splendid Alliances hath equalled all those Titles with which he is adorned by Desert and hath also wonne them by Virtue Industry Prudence and a stedfast Faith Whilest with dangers and expences gathering together Soldiers Armes and all other War-like Habiliments and applying them as well in Our Affairs as most plentifully sending them to Us having fore-thought of Our Dignity and security he was ready with Us in all Actions in Yorkshire and governed the Town of Newcastle and Castle in the mouth of Tyne at the time of that fatal Revolt of the People who were got together and with a Bond of his Friends did opportunely seize that Port and settled it a Garison bringing Armes to Us then Our onely relief In which Service so strongly going on which was of grand moment to our affairs We do gratefully remember him still to have stood to Afterwards having Mustered together a good Army Our self being gone else-where the Rebels now enjoying almost all York-shire and the chiefest Fortress of all the Country now appearing to have scarce refuge or safety for him against the swelling Rebels the whole Country then desiring and praying for his coming that he might timely relieve them in their desperate condition And leading his said Army in the midst of Winter gave the Rebels Battel in his passage vanquish'd them and put them to flight and took from them several Garisons and places of Refuge and restored Health to the Subjects and by his many Victories Peace and Security to the Countryes Witness those places made Noble by the death and flight of the Rebels in Lincoln-shire Gainsborough and Lincoln in Derby-shire Chesterfield but in York-shire Peirce-bridge Seacroft Tankerly Tadcaster Sheffield Rotheram Yarum Beverly Cawood Selby Halifax Leeds and above all Bradford where when the Yorkshire and Lancashire Rebels were united and Battel joined with them when Our Army as well by the great numbers of the Rebels as much more the badness of Our ground was so prest upon that the Soldiers now seemed to think of flying He their General with a full Carier commanding two Troops to follow him broke into the very rage of the Battel and with so much violence fell upon the right Wing of those Rebels That those who were but now certain of Victory turn'd their backs and fled from the Conqueror who by his Wisdom Virtue and his own Hand brought death and flight to the Rebels Victory and Glory to Himself Plunder to the Soldiery and 22 great Guns and many Ensigns to Us. Nor was there before this wanting to so much Virtue equal Felicity for Our most beloved Consort after a dismal Tempest coming from Holland being drove ashore at Burlington and undergoing a more grievous danger by the excursions of the Rebels then the tossing and tumbling of the Sea He having heard of it speedily goes to Her with his Army and dutifully receiveth Her in safety brings Her and with all security conducts Her to Us at Oxford Whereas therefore the aforesaid Earl hath raised so many Monuments of His Virtue and Fidelity towards Us Our Queen Children and Our Kingdom when also he doth at this time establish with safety and with His Power defend the Nothern parts of Our Kingdom against the Rebels when lastly nothing more concerns Mankind and Princes and nothing can be more just then that he may receive for his Deeds a Reward suitable to his name which requires that he who defends the Borders should be created by Us Governour of Marquess of the Borderers Know therefore c. A Copy of the Preamble of My Lord's Patent for DUKE Englished Rex c. Salutem WHereas Our most beloved and faithful Cousin and Counsellor William Earl and Marquess of Newcastle upon Tyne c. worthy by
Wars that was neither between Medes and Persians Greeks and Trojans Christians and Turks but among my own Countreymen whose Customs and Inclinations and most of the Persons that held any considerable Place in the Armies was well known to me and besides all that which is above all my Noble and Loyal Lord did act a chief Part in that fatal Tragedy to have defended if humane power could have done it his most Gracious Soveraign from the fury of his Rebellious Subjects This History being as I have said of a particular Person his Actions and Fortunes it cannot be expected that I should here Preach of the beginning of the World nor seem to express understanding in the Politicks by tedious moral Discourses with long Observations upon the several sorts of Government that have been in Greece Rome and upon others more modern I will neither endeavour to make show of Eloquence making Speeches that never was spoken nor pretend to great skill in War by making Mountains of Mole-hills and telling Romansical Falshoods for Historical Truths and much less will I write to amuse my Readers in a mystical and allegorical Style of the disloyal Actions of the opposite Party of the Treacherous Cowardise Envy and Malice of some Persons my Lords Enemies and of the ingratitude of some of his seeming Friends wherein I cannot better obey his Lordships Commands to conceal those things then in leaving them quite out as I do with submission to his Lordships desire from whom I have learn'd Patience to overcome my Passions and Discretion to yield to his Prudence Thus am I resolved to write in a natural plain style without Latin Sentences moral Instructions politick Designs feigned Orations or envious and malicious Exclamations this short History of the Loyal Heroick and Prudent Actions of my Noble Lord as also of his Sufferings Losses and ill-Fortunes which in honour and Conscience I could not suffer to be buried in silence nor could I have undertaken so hard a task had not my love to his Person and to Truth been my Encourager and Supporter I might have made this Book larger in transcribing as is ordinary in Histories the several Letters full of Affection and kind promises he received from His Gracious Soveraign Charles the First and from his Royal Consort in the time he was in the Actions of War as also since the War from his dear Soveraign and Master Charles the Second But many of the former Letters having been lost when all was lost I thought it best seeing I had not them all to print none As for Orations which is another way of swelling the bulk of Histories it is certain that My Lord made not many chusing rather to fight then to talk and his Declarations having been printed already it had been superfluous to insert them in these Narrations This Book would however have been a great Volume if his Grace would have given me leave to publish his Enemies Actions But being to write of his own onely I do it briefly and truly and not as many have done who have written of the late Civil War with but few sprinklings of Truth like as Heat-drops upon a dry barren Ground knowing no more of the Transactions of those Times then what they learned in the Gazets which for the most part out of Policy to amuse and deceive the People contain nothing but Falshoods and Chimeraes and were such Parasites that after the Kings Party was over-powred the Government among the Rebels changing from one Faction to another they never miss'd to exalt highly the Merits of the chief Commanders of the then prevailing side comparing some of them to Moses and some others to all the great and most famous Heroes both Greeks and Romans wherein unawares they exceedingly commended my Noble Lord for if those Ring-leaders of Factions were so great men as they are reported to be by those Time-servers How much greater must his Lordship be who beat most of them except the Earl of Essex whose employment was never in the Northern parts where all the rest of the greatest strength of the Parliament was sent to oppose my Lord's Forces which was the greatest the Kings Party had any where Good Fortune is such an Idol of the World and is so like the golden Calf worshipped by the Israelites that those Arch-Rebels never wanted Astrologers to foretel them good success in all their Enterprises nor Poets to sing their Praises nor Orators for Panegyricks nay which is worse nor Historians neither to record their Valour in fighting and Wisdom in Governing But being so much as I am above base Profit or any Preferment whatsoever I cannot fear to be suspected of Flattery in declaring to the World the Merits Wealth Power Loyalty and Fortunes of My Noble Lord who hath done great Actions suffered great Losses endured a long Banishment for his Loyalty to his King and Countrey and leads now like another Scipio a quiet Countrey-life If notwithstanding all this any should say That those who write Histories of themselves and their own actions or of their own Party or instruct and inform those that write them are partial to themselves I answer That it is very improbable Worthy Persons who having done Great Noble and Heroick Exploits deserving to be recorded should be so vain as to write false Histories but if they do it proves but their Folly for Truth can never be concealed and so it will be more for their disgrace then for their Honour or Fame I fear not any such blemishes in this present History for I am conscious of any such Crime as Patiality or Falshood but write it whilest My Noble Lord is yet alive and at such a time where Truth may be declared and Falshood contradicted and I challenge any one although I be a Woman to contradict any thing that I have set down or prove it to be otherwise then Truth for be there never so many Contradictions Truth will conquer all at last Concerning My Lords Actions in War which are comprehended in the first Book the relation of them I have chiefly from my Lords Secretary Mr. Rolleston a Person that has been an Eye-witness thereof and accompanied My Lord as Secretary in his Army and gave out all his Commissions his honesty and worth is unquestionable by all that know him And as for the Second Book which contains My Lords Actions and Sufferings during the time of his Exile I have set down so much as I could possibly call to mind without any particular Expression of time onely from the time of his Banishment or rather what I can remember from the time of my Marriage till our return into England To the end of which I have joined a Computation of My Lord's Losses which he hath suffered by those unfortunate Warres In the third Book I have set down some particular Chapters concerning the Description of his Person his Natural Faculties and Personal Vertues c. And in the last some Essayes and Discourses
my Intention to give your Grace a faithful account of Your Graces Commands as becomes May it please your Grace Your Graces most humble and most obedient Servant Iohn Rolleston THE LIFE OF THE MOST ILLUSTRIOUS PRINCE WILLIAM Duke of Newcastle The First Book SInce my chief intent in this present Work is to describe the Life and Actions of My Noble Lord and Husband William Duke of Newcastle I shall do it with as much Brevity Perspicuity and Truth as is required of an Impartial Historian The History of his Pedigree I shall refer to the Heralds and partly give you an account thereof at the latter end of this work onely thus much I shall now mention as will be requisite for the better understanding of the following discourse His Grandfather by his Fathers side was Sir William Cavendish Privy Counsellour and Treasurer of the Chamber to King Henry the Eighth Edward the Sixth and Queen Mary His Grandfather by his Mother was Cuthbert Lord Ogle an ancient Baron His Father Sir Charles Cavendish was the youngest son to Sir William and had no other Children but three Sons whereof My Lord was the Second but his elder Brother dying in his Infancy left both his Title and Birth-right to My Lord so that My Lord had then but one onely Brother left whose name was Charles after his Father whereas My Lord had the name of his Grandfather These two Brothers were partly bred with Gilbert Earl of Shrewsbury their Uncle in Law and their Aunt Mary Countess of Gilbert's Wife and Sister to their Father for there interceded an intire and constant Friendship between the said Gilbert Earl of Shrewsbury and My Lord's Father Sir Charles Cavendish caused not onely by the marriage of My Lord's Aunt his Fathers Sister to the aforesaid Gilbert Earl of Shrewsbury and by the marriage of George Earl of Gilbert's Father with My Lord's Grandmother by his Fathers side but Sir Charles Cavendish My Lord's Father and Gilbert Earl of Shrewsbury being brought up and bred together in one Family and grown up as parts of one body after they came to be beyond Children and travelled together into foreign Countries to observe the Fashions Laws and Customs of other Nations contracted such an intire Friendship which lasted to their death neither did they out live each other long for My Lord's Father Sir Charles Cavendish lived but one year after Gilbert Earl of Shrewsbury But both My Lords Parents and his Aunt and Uncle in Law shewed always a great and fond love to My Lord endeavouring when He was but a Child to please him with what he most delighted in When He was grown to the Age of fifteen or sixteen he was made Knight of the Bath an ancient and honourable Order at the time when Henry King Iames of blessed Memory His eldest Son was created Prince of Wales and soon after he went to travel with Sir Henry Wotton who was sent as Ambassador Extraordinary to the then Duke of Savoy which Duke made very much of My Lord and when he would be free in Feasting placed Him next to himself Before My Lord did return with the Ambassador into England the said Duke profer'd My Lord that if he would stay with him he would not onely confer upon him the best Titles of Honour he could but also give him an honourable Command in War although My Lord was but young for the Duke had then some designs of War But the Ambassador who had taken the care of My Lord would not leave Him behind without his Parents consent At last when My Lord took his leave of the Duke the Duke being a very generous person presented Him with a Spanish Horse a Saddle very richly embroidered and with a rich Jewel of Diamonds Some time after My Lord's return into England Gilbert Earl of Shrewsbury died and left My Lord though he was then but young and about Twenty two years of age his Executor a year after his Father Sir Charles Cavendish died also His Mother being then a Widow was desirous that My Lord should marry in obedience to whose Commands he chose a Wife both to his own good liking and his Mothers approving who was Daughter and Heir to William Basset of Blore Esq a very honourable and ancient Family in Stafford-Shire by whom was added a great part to His Estate as hereafter shall be mentioned After My Lord was married he lived for the most part in the Country and pleased Himself and his neighbours with Hospitality and such delights as the Country afforded onely now and then he would go up to London for some short time to wait on the King About this time King Iames of blessed memory having a purpose to confer some Honour upon My Lord made him Viscount Mansfield and Baron of Bolsover and after the decease of King Iames King Charles the First of blessed Memory constituted him Lord Warden of the Forrest of Sherewood and Lieutenant of Nottingham-Shire and restored his Mother Catharine the second Daughter of Cuthbert Lord Ogle to her Fathers Dignity after the death of her onely Sister Iane Countess of Shrewsbury publickly declaring that it was her Right which Title after the death of his Mother descended also upon My Lord and his Heirs General together with a large Inheritance of 3000 l. a year in Northumberland About the same time after the decease of William late Earl of Devonshire his Noble Cousin German My Lord was by his said Majesty made Lord Lieutenant of Derby-Shire which trust and honour after he had enjoyed for several years and managed it like as all other offices put to his Trust with all possible care faithfulness and dexterity during the time of the said Earls Son William the now Earl of Devonshire his Minority as soon as this same Earl was come to age and by Law made capable of that trust he willingly and freely resign'd it into his hands he having hitherto kept it onely for him that he and no body else might succeed his Father in that dignity In these and all other both publick and private imployments My Lord hath ever been careful to keep up the Kings Rights to the uttermost of his power to strengthen those mentioned Counties with Ammunition and to administer Justice to every one for he refused no mans Petition but sent all that came to him either for relief or justice away from him fully satisfied Not long after his being made Lieutenant of Nottingham-Shire there was found so great a defect of Armes and Ammunition in that County that the Lords of the Council being advertised thereof as the manner then was His Majesty commanded a levy to be made upon the whole County for the supply thereof whereupon the sum of 500 l. or thereabout was accordingly levied for that purpose and three Persons of Quality then Deputy Lieutenants were desired by My Lord to receive the money and see it disposed which being done accordingly and a certain account rendred to My Lord he voluntarily
ordered the then Clerk of the Peace of that County That the same account should be recorded amongst the Sessions Roles and be published in open Sessions to the end that the Country might take notice how their monies were disposed of for which act of Justice My Lord was highly commended Within some few years after King Charles the First of blessed Memory His Gracious Soveraign in regard of His true and faithful service to his King and Country was pleased to honour him with the Title of Earl of Newcastle and Baron of Bothal and Heple which Title he graced so much by His Noble Actions and Deportments that some seven years after which was in the Year 1638. His Majesty called him up to Court and thought Him the fittest Person whom He might intrust with the Government of His Son Charles then Prince of Wales now our most Gracious King and made him withal a Member of the Lords of His Majesties most honourable Privy Council which as it was a great Honour and Trust so He spared no care and industry to discharge His Duty accordingly and to that end left all the care of governing his own Family and Estate with all Fidelity attending His Master not without considerable Charges and vast Expences of his own In this present Employment He continued for the space of three Years during which time there happened an Insurrection and Rebellion of His Majesties discontented Subjects in Scotland which forced His Majesty to raise an Army to reduce them to their Obedience and His Treasury being at that time exhausted he was necessitated to desire some supply and assistance of the Noblest and Richest of his Loyal Subjects amongst the rest My Lord lent His Majesty 10000 l. and raised Himself a Voluntier-Troop of Horse which consisted of 120 Knights and Gentlemen of Quality who marched to Berwick by His Majesties Command where it pleased His Majesty to set this mark of Honour upon that Troop that it should be Independent and not commanded by any General Officer but onely by his Majesty Himself The reason thereof was upon this following occasion His Majesties whole body of Horse being commanded to march into Scotland against the Rebels a place was appointed for their Rendezvous Immediately upon their meeting My Lord sent a Gentleman of Quality of his Troop to His Majesties then General of the Horse to know where his Troop should march who returned this answer That it was to march next after the Troops of the General Officers of the Field My Lord conceiving that his Troop ought to march in the Van and not in the Rear sent the same Messenger back again to the General to inform him That he had the honour to march with the Princes Colours and therefore he thought it not fit to march under any of the Officers of the Field yet nevertheless the General ordered that Troop as he had formerly directed Whereupon My Lord thinking it unfit at that time to dispute the business immediately commanded his Cornet to take off the Princes Colours from his staff and so marched in the place appointed choosing rather to march without his Colours flying then to lessen his Masters dignity by the command of any subject Immediately after the return from that expedition to his Majesties Leaguer the General made a complaint thereof to his Majesty who being truly informed of the business commended my Lords discretion for it and from that time ordered that Troop to be commanded by none but himself Thus they remain'd upon duty without receiving any pay or allowance from His Majesty until His Majesty had reduced his Rebellious Subjects and then My Lord returned with honour to his Charge viz. The Government of the Prince At last when the whole Army was disbanded then and not before my Lord thought it a fit Time to exact an account from the said General for the affront he pass'd upon him and sent him a Challenge the place and hour being appointed by both their Consents where and when to meet My Lord appear'd there with his Second but found not his Opposite After some while his Opposite's Second came all alone by whom my Lord perceiv'd that their Design had been discover'd to the King by some of his Opposite's Friends who presently caused them both to be confined until he had made their Peace My Lord having hitherto attended the Prince his Master with all faithfulness and duty befitting so great an Employment for the space of three years in the beginning of that Rebellious and unhappy Parliament which was the cause of all the ruines and misfortunes that afterwards befell this Kingdom was privately advertised that the Parliaments Design was to take the Government of the Prince from him which he apprehending as a disgrace to Himself wisely prevented and obtained the Consent of His late Majesty with His Favour to deliver up the Charge of being Governor to the Prince and retire into the Countrey which he did in the beginning of the Year 1641 and setled himself with his Lady Children and Family to his great satisfaction with an intent to have continued there and rested under his own Vine and managed his own Estate but he had not enjoyed himself long but an Express came to him from His Majesty who was then unjustly and unmannerly treated by the said Parliament to repair with all possible speed and privacy to Kingston upon Hull where the greatest part of His Majesties Ammunition and Arms then remained in that Magazine it being the most considerable place for strength in the Northern parts of the Kingdom Immediately upon the receipt of these His Majesties Orders and Commands my Lord prepared for their execution and about Twelve of the Clock at night hastned from his own house when his Familie were all at their rest save two or three Servants which he appointed to attend him The next day early in the morning he arrived at Hull in the quality of a private Gentleman which place was distant from his house forty miles and none of his Family that were at home knew what was become of him till he sent an Express to his Lady to inform her where he was Thus being admitted into the Town he fell upon his intended Design and brought it to so hopeful an issue for His Majesties Service that he wanted nothing but His Majesties further Commission and Pleasure to have secured both the Town and Magazine for His Majesties use and to that end by a speedy Express gave His Majesty who was then at Windsor an account of all his Transactions therein together with his Opinion of them hoping His Majesty would have been pleased either to come thither in Person which He might have done with much security or at least have sent him a Commission and Orders how he should do His Majesty further Service But instead thereof he received Orders from His Majesty to observe such Directions as he should receive from the Parliament then sitting Whereupon he was
summoned personally to appear at the House of Lords and a Committee chosen to examine the Grounds and Reasons of his undertaking that Design but my Lord shewed them his Commission and that it was done in obedience to His Majesties Commands and so was cleared of that Action Not long after my Lord obtained the freedom from His Majesty to retire again to his Countrey-Life which he did with much alacrity He had not remained many months there but His Majesty was forced by the fury of the said Parliament to repair in Person to York and to send the Queen beyond the Seas for her safety No sooner was His Majesty arrived at York but he sent his Gommands to my Lord to come thither to him which according to his wonted custom and loyalty he readily obeyed and after a few days spent there in Consultation His Majesty was pleased to Command him to Newcastle upon Tyne to take upon him the Government of that Town and the four Counties next adjoining that is to say Northumberland Cumberland Westmerland and the Bishoprick of Durham which my Lord did accordingly although he wanted Men Money and Ammunition for the performance of that design for when he came thither he neither found any Military provision considerable for the undertaking that work nor generally any great encouragement from the people in those parts more then what his own interest created in them Nevertheless he thought it his duty rather to hazard all then to neglect the Commands of His Soveraign and resolved to shew his Fidelity by nobly setting all at stake as he did though he well knew how to have secured himself as too many others did either by Neutrality or adhering to the Rebellious Party but his Honour and Loyalty was too great to be stained with such foul adherencies As soon as my Lord came to Newcastle in the first place he sent for all his Tenants and Friends in those parts and presently raised a Troop of Horse consisting of 120. and a Regiment of Foot and put them under Command and upon duty and exercise in the Town of Newcastle and with this small beginning took the Government of that place upon him where with the assistance of the Towns-men particularly the Mayor whom by the power of his Forces he continued Mayor for the year following he being a person of much trust and fidelity as he approved himself and the rest of his Brethren within few days he fortified the Town and raised men daily and put a Garrison of Soldiers into Tinmouth Castle standing upon the River Tyne betwixt Newcastle and the Sea to secure that Port and armed the Soldiers as well as he could And thus he stood upon his Guard and continued them upon Duty playing his weak Game with much Prudence and giving the Town and Country very great satisfaction by his noble and honourable Deportment In the mean time there happend a great mutiny of the Trainband Souldiers of the Bishoprick at Durham so that my Lord was forced to remove thither in Person attended with some forces to appease them where at his arrival I mention it by the way and as a merry passage a jovial Fellow used this expression That he liked my Lord very well but not his Company meaning his Soldiers After my Lord had reduced them to their obedience and duty he took great care of the Church Government in the said Bishoprick as he did no less in all other places committed to his Care and Protection well knowing that Schism and Faction in Religion is the Mother of all or most Rebellions Wars and Disturbances in a State or Government and constituted that Learned and Eminent Divine the then Dean of Peterborough now Lord-Bishop of Durham to view all sermons that were to be Preached and suffer nothing in them that in the least reflected against His Majesties Person and Government but to put forth and add whatsoever he thought convenient and punish those that should trespass against it In which that worthy Person used so much care and industry that never the Church could be more happily govern'd then it was at that present Some short time after my Lord received from Her Majesty the Queen out of Holland a small supply of Money viz. a little barrel of Ducatoons which amounted to about 500 l. Sterling which my Lord distributed amongst the Officers of his new raised Army to encourage them the better in their service as also some Armes the most part whereof were consigned to his late Majesty and those that were ordered to be conveyed to his Majesty were sent accordingly conducted by that onely Troop of Horse which my Lord had newly raised with orders to return again to him but it seems His Majesty liked the Troop so well that he was pleased to command their stay to recruit his own Army About the same time the King of Denmark was likewise pleased to send His Majesty a Ship which arrived at Newcastle laden with some Ammunition Armes Regiment Pieces and Danish Clubs which my Lord kept for the furnishing of some Forces which he intended to raise for His Majesties service for he perceiving the flames increase more and more in both the Houses of Parliament then sitting at Westminster against his Majesties Person and Government upon Consultation with his Friends and Allies and the interest he had in those Northern parts took a resolution to raise an Army for His Majesties service and by an express acquainted His Majesty with his design who was so well pleased with it that he sent him Commissions for that purpose to constitute him General of all the Forces raised and to be raised in all the parts of the Kingdom Trent-North and moreover in the several Counties of Lincoln Nottingham Derby Lancashire Cheshire Leicester Rutland Cambridg Huntington Norfolk Suffolk and Essex and Commander in Chief for the same as also to impower and authorize him to confer the honour of Knighthood upon such Persons as he should conceive deserved it and to coin Money and Print whensoever he saw occasion for it Which as it was not onely a great Honour but a great Trust and Power so he used it with much discretion and wisdom onely in such occurrencies where he found it tending to the advancement of His Majesties Service and conferr'd the honour of Knighthood sparingly and but on such persons whose Valiant and Loyal Actions did justly deserve it so that he Knighted in all to the number of Twelve Within a short time my Lord formed an Army of 8000 Foot Horse and Dragoons and put them into a condition to march in the beginning of November 1642. No sooner was this effected but the Insurrection grew high in York-Shire in so much that most of His Majesties good subjects of that County as well the Nobility as Gentry were forced for the preservation of their persons to retire to the City of York a walled Town but of no great strength and hearing that my Lord had not onely kept
own Regiment which were all stout and valiant men who fell so furiously upon the Enemy that they forsook their hedges and fell to their heels At which very instant my Lord caused a shot or two to be made by his Cannon against the Body of the Enemies Horse drawn up within Cannon shot which took so good effect that it disordered the Enemies Troops Hereupon my Lord's Horse got over the Hedg not in a body for that they could not but dispersedly two on a breast and as soon as some considerable number was gotten over and drawn up they charged the Enemy and routed them so that in an instant there was a strange change of Fortune and the Field totally won by my Lord notwithstanding he had quitted 7000 Men to conduct Her Majesty besides a good Train of Artillery which in such a Conjuncture would have weakned Caesars Army In this Victory the Enemy lost most of their Foot about 3000 were taken Prisoners and 700 Horse and Foot slain and those that escaped fled into their Garison at Bradford amongst whom was also their General of the Horse After this My Lord caused his Army to be rallied and marched in order that night before Bradford with an intention to storm it the next morning but the Enemy that were in the Town it seems were so discomfited that the same night they escaped all various ways and amongst them the said General of the Horse whose Lady being behind a Servant on Horse-back was taken by some of My Lord's Soldiers and brought to his Quarters where she was treated and attended with all civility and respect and within few days sent to York in my Lords own Coach and from thence very shortly after to Kingstone upon Hull where she desired to be attended by my Lords Coach and Servants Thus my Lord after the Enemy was gone entred the Town and Garison of Bradford by which Victory the Enemy was so daunted that they forsook the rest of their Garisons that is to say Hallifax Leeds and Wakefield and dispersed themselves severally the chief Officers retiring to Hull a strong Garison of the Enemy and though my Lord knowing they would make their escape thither as having no other place of refuge to resort to sent a Letter to York to the Governour of that City to stop them in their passage yet by neglect of the Post it coming not timely enough to his hands his Design was frustrated The whole County of York save onely Hull being now cleared and setled by my Lords Care and Conduct he marched to the City of York and having a competent number of Horse well armed and commanded he quarter'd them in the East-riding near Hull there being no visible Enemy then to oppose them In the mean while my Lord receiving News that the Enemy had made an Invasion into the next adjoining County of Lincoln where he had some Forces he presently dispatched his Lieutenant General of the Army away with some Horse and Dragoons and soon after marched thither himself with the body of the Army being earnestly defired by his Majesties Party there The Forces which my Lord had in the same County commanded by the then Lieutenant General of the Horse Mr. Charles Cavendish second Brother to the now Earl of Devonshire though they had timely notice and Orders from my Lord to make their retreat to the Lieutenant-General of the Army and not to fight the Enemy yet the said Lieutenant-General of the Horse being transported by his Courage he being a Person of great Valour and Conduct and having charged the Enemy unfortunately lost the field and himself was slain in the Charge his Horse lighting in a bogg Which news being brought to my Lord when he was on his March he made all the hast he could and was no sooner joined with his Lieutenant General but fell upon the Enemy and put them to flight The first Garison my Lord took in Lincolnshire was Gainsborrough a Town standing upon the River Trent wherein not long before had been a Garison of Soldiers for His Majesty under the Command of the then Earl of Kingstone but surprised and the Town Taken by the Enemies Forces who having an intention to conveigh the said Earl of Kingstone from thence to Hull in a little Pinnace met with some of my Lords Forces by the way commanded by the Lieutenant of the Army who being desirous to rescue the Earl of Kingstone and and making some shots with their Regiment Pieces to stop the Pinnace unfortunately slew him and one of his Servants My Lord drawing near the mentioned Town of Gainsborrough there appear'd on the top of a Hill above the Town some of the Enemies Horse drawn up in a body whereupon he immediately sent a party of his Horse to view them who no sooner came within their sight but they retreated fairly so long as they could well endure but the pursuit of my Lords Horse caused them presently to break their ranks and fall to their heels where most of them escaped and fled to Lincoln another of their Garrisons Hereupon my Lord summon'd the Town of Gainsborrough but the Governour thereof refusing to yield caused my Lord to plant his Cannon and draw up his Army on the mention'd Hill and having play'd some little while upon the Town put the Enemy into such a terror that the Governour sent out and offer'd the surrender of the Town upon fair terms which my Lord thought fit rather to embrace then take it by force and though according to the Articles of Agreement made between them both the Enemies Arms and the Keys of the Town should have been fairly delivered to my Lord yet it being not performed as it was expected the Arms being in a confused manner thrown down and the Gates set wide open the Prisoners that had been kept in the Town began first to plunder which my Lords Forces seeing did the same although it was against my Lords will and orders After my Lord had thus reduced the Town and put a good Garison of Soldiers into it and better fortified it he marched before Lincoln and there he entred with his Army without great difficulty and plac'd also a Garison in it and raised a considerable Army both Horse Foot and Dragoons for the preservation of that County and put them under Commanders and constituted a Person of Honour Commander in Chief with intention to march towards the South which if it had taken effect would doubtless have made an end of that War but he being daily importuned by the Nobility and Gentry of York-shire to return into that County especially upon the perswasions of the Commander in Chief of the Forces left there who acquainted my Lord that the Enemy grew so strong every day being got together in Kingstone upon Hull and annoying that Country that his Forces were not able to bear up against them alledging withall that my Lord would be suspected to betray the Trust reposed in him if he came
not to succour and assist them he went back with his Army for the protection of that same Country and when he arrived there which was in August 1643 he found the Enemy of so small consequence that they did all flie before him About this time His Majesty was pleased to honour my Lord for His true and faithful Service with the Title of Marquess of Newcastle My Lord being returned into York-shire forced the Enemy first from a Town called Beverly wherein they had a Garison of Soldiers and from thence upon the entreaty of the Nobility and Gentry of York-shire as before is mentioned who promised him Ten thousand men for that purpose though they came short of their performance marched near the Town of Kingstone upon Hull and besieged that part of the Garison that bordered on York-shire for a certain time in which time the Enemy took the courage to sally out of the Town with a strong party of Horse and Foot very early in the morning with purpose to have forced the Quarters of a Regiment of my Lords Horse that were quarter'd next the Town but by the vigilancy of their Commander Sir Marmaduke Langdale afterwards Lord Langdale his Forces being prepared for their reception they received such a Welcome as cost many of them their Lives most of their Foot but such as were slain being taken Prisoners and those of their Horse that escaped got into their Hold at Hull The Enemy thus seeing that they could do my Lords Army no further damage on that side of the River in York-shire endeavoured by all means from Hull and other confederate places in the Eastern parts of the Kingdom to form a considerable party to annoy and disturb the Forces raised by my Lord in Lincolnshire and left there for the protection on of that County where the Enemy being drawn together in a body fought my Lords Forces in his absence and got the honour of the day near Hornby Castle in that County which loss caused partly by their own rashness forced my Lord to leave his design upon Hull and to march back with his Army to York which was in October 1643 where he remained but a few dayes to refresh his Army and receiving intelligence that the Enemy was got into Derbyshire and did grow numerous there and busie in seducing the people that Country being under my Lords Command he resolved to direct his March thither in the beginning of November 1643 to suppress their further growth and to that end quarter'd his Army at Chesterfield and in all the parts thereabout for a certain time Immediately after his departure from York to Pomfret in his said March into Derbyshire the City of York sent to my Lord to inform him of their intention to chuse another Mayor for the year following desiring his pleasure about it My Lord who knew that the Mayor for the year before was a person of much Loyalty and Discretion declared his mind to them That he thought it fit to continue him Mayor also for the year following which it seems they did not like but resolved to chuse one which they pleased contrary to my Lords desire My Lord perceiving their intentions about the time of the Election sent orders to the Governour of the City of York to permit such Forces to enter into the City as he should send which being done accordingly they upon the Day of the Election repaired to the Town-Hall and with their Arms staid there until they had continued the said Mayor according to my Lords desire During the time of my Lords stay at Chesterfield in Derbyshire he ordered some part of his Army to march before a strong House and Garison of the Enemies call'd Wingfield Mannor which in a short time they took by storm And when my Lotd had raised in that County as many Forces Horse and Foot as were supposed to be sufficient to preserve it from the fury of the Enemy he armed them and constituted an Honourable Person Commander in Chief of all the Forces of that County and of Leicestershire and so leaving it in that condition marched in December 1643 from Chesterfield to Bolsover in the same County and from thence to Welbeck in Nottinghamshire to his own House and Garison in which parts he staid some time both to refresh his Army and to settle and reform some disorders he found there leaving no visible Enemy behind him in Derbyshire save onely an inconsiderable party in the Town of Derby which they had fortified not worth the labour to reduce it About this time the report came that a great Army out of Scotland was upon their march towards the Northern parts of England to assist the Enemy against His Majesty which forced the Nobility and Gentry of Yorkshire to invite my Lord back again into those parts with promise to raise for his service an Army of 10000 men My Lord not upon this proffer which had already heretofore deceived him but out of his Loyalty and duty to preserve those parts which were committed to his care and protection returned in the middle of Ianuary 1643. And when he came there he found not one man raised to assist him against so powerful an Army nor an intention of raising any Wherefore he was necessitated to raise himself out of the Countrey what forces he could get and when he had settled the affairs in York-shire as well as time and his present condition would permit and constituted an honourable Person Governor of York and Commander in chief of a very considerable party of horse and foot for the defence of the County for Sr. Thomas Glemham was then made Colonel General and marched into the Field with the Army he took his march to Newcastle in the beginning of February 1643 to give a stop to the Scots army Presently after his coming thither with some of his Troups before his whole army was come up he received intelligence of the Scots Armie's near approach whereupon he sent forth a party of horse to view them who found them very strong to the number of 22000 Horse and Foot well armed and commanded They marched up towards the Town with such confidence as if the Gates had been open'd for their reception and the General of their Army seem'd to take no notice of my Lords being in it for which afterwards he excused himself but as they drew near they found not such entertainment as they expected for though they assaulted a Work that was not finished yet they were beaten off with much loss The Enemy being thus stopt before the Town thought fit to quarter near it in that part of the Country and so soon as my Lords Army was come up he designed one night to have fallen into their Quarter but by reason of some neglect of his Orders in not giving timely notice to the party designed for it it took not an effect answerable to his expectation In a word there were three Designs taken against the Enemy
whereof if one had but hit they would doubtless have been lost but there was so much Treachery Jugling and Falshood in my Lord 's own Army that it was impossible for him to be successful in his Designs and Undertakings However though it failed in the Enemies Foot-Quarters which lay nearest the Town yet it took good effect in their Horse-Quarters which were more remote for my Lord's Horse Commanded by a very gallant and worthy Gentleman falling upon them gave them such an Alarm that all they could do was to draw into the Field where my Lord's Forces charged them and in a little time routed them totally and kill'd and took many Prisoners to the number of 1500. Upon this the Enemy was forced to draw their whole Army together and to quarter them a little more remote from the Town and to seek out inaccessible places for their security as afterwards appear'd more plainly for so soon as my Lord had prepared his Army for a March he drew them forth against the Scots which he found quarter'd upon high Hills close by the River Tyne where they could not be encounter'd but upon very disadvantagious terms besides that day proved very stormy and tempestuous so that my Lord was necessitated to withdraw his Forces and retire into his own Quarters The next day after the Scots Army finding ill harbour in those quarters marched from hill to hill into another part of the Bishoprick of Durham near the Sea coast to a Town called Sunderland and thereupon my Lord thought fit to march to Durham to stop their further progress where he had contrived the business so that they were either forced to fight or starve within a little time The first was offered to them twice that is to say at Pensher-hills one day and at Bowden-hills another day in the Bishoprick of Durham But my Lord found them at both times drawn up in such places as he could not possibly charge them wherefore he retired again to Durham with an intention to streighten their Quarters and to wait upon them if ever they left their Holds and inaccessible places In the mean time it hapned that the Earl of Montross came to the same place and having some design for his Majesties service in Scotland desired My Lord to give him the assistance of some of his Forces and although My Lord stood then in present need of them and could not coveniently spare any having so great an Army to oppose yet out of a desire to advance His Majesties service as much as lay in his power he was willing to part with 200 Horse and Dragoons to the said Earl The Scots perceiving My Lords vigilancy and care contented themselves with their own quarters which could not have serv'd them long but that a great misfortune befel My Lords Forces in York-shire for the Governour whom he had left behind with sufficient Forces for the defence of that Country although he had orders not to encounter the Enemy but to keep himself in a defensive posture yet he being a man of great valour and courage it transported him so much that he resolved to face the Enemy and offering to keep a Town that was not tenable was utterly routed and himself taken Prisoner although he fought most gallantly So soon as my Lord received this sad Intelligence he upon Consultation and upon very good Grounds of Reason took a resolution not to stay between the two Armies of the Enemies viz. the Scots and the English that had prevailed in York-shire but immediately to march into York-shire with his Army to preserve if possible the City of York out of the Enemies hands which retreat was ordered so well and with such excellent Conduct that though the Army of the Scots marched close upon their Rear and fought them every day of their retreat yet they gained several Passes for their security and entred safe and well into the City of York in April 1643. My Lord being now at York and finding three Armies against him viz. the Army of the Scots the Army of the English that gave the defeat to the Governour of York and an Army that was raised out of associate Counties and but little Ammunition and Provision in the Town was forced to send his Horse away to quarter in several Counties viz. Derbyshire Nottinghamshire Leicestershire for their subsistance under the Conduct of his Lieutenant-General of the Horse My dear Brother Sir Charles Lucas himself remaining at York with his Foot and Train for the defence of that City In the mean time the Enemy having closely besiedged the City on all sides came to the very Gates thereof and pull'd out the Earth at one end as those in the City put it in at the other end they planted their great Cannons against it and threw in Granadoes at pleasure But those in the City made several sallies upon them with good success At last the General of the associate Army of the Enemy having closely beleaguer'd the North side of the Town sprung a Mine under the wall of the Mannor-yard and blew part of it up and having beaten back the Town-Forces although they behaved themselves very gallantly enter'd the Mannor-house with a great number of their men which as soon as my Lord perceived he went away in all haste even to the amazement of all that were by not knowing what he intended to do and drew 80 of his own Regiment of Foot called the White-Coats all stout and valiant Men to that Post who fought the Enemy with that courage that within a little time they killed and took 1500 of them and My Lord gave present order to make up the breach which they had made in the wall Whereupon the Enemy remain'd without any other attempt in that kind so long till almost all provision for the support of the soldiery in the City was spent which nevertheless was so well ordered by my Lords Prudence that no Famine or great extremity of want ensued My Lord having held out in that manner above two Months and withstood the strength of three Armies and seeing that his Lieutenant-General of the Horse whom he had sent for relief to His Majesty could not so soon obtain it although he used his best endeavour for to gain yet some little time began to treat with the Enemy ordering in the mean while and upon the Treaty to double and treble his Guards At last after three Months time from the beginning of the Siege His Majesty was pleased to send an Army which joining with my Lords Horse that were sent to quarter in the aforesaid Countreys came to relieve the City under the Conduct of the most Gallant and Heroick Prince Rupert his Nephew upon whose approach near York the Enemy drew from before the City into an entire Body and marched away on the West-side of the River Owse that runs through the City His Majesties Forces being then of the East-side of that River My Lord immediately sent some persons of
Quality to attend His Highness and to invite him into the City to consult with him about that important Affair and to gain so much time as to open a Port to march forth with his Cannon and Foot which were in the Town to join with His Highness's Forces and went himself the next day in person to wait on His Highness where after some Conferences he declared his Mind to the Prince desiring His Highness not to attempt any thing as yet upon the Enemy for he had intelligence that there was some discontent between them and that they were resolved to divide themselves and so to raise the Siege without fighting Besides my Lord expected within two dayes Collonel Cleavering with above three thousand men out of the North and two thousand drawn out of several Garisons who also came at the same time though it was then too late But His Highness answered my Lord That he had a Letter from His Majesty then at Oxford with a positive and absolute Command to fight the Enemy which in Obedience and according to his Duty he was bound to perform Whereupon my Lord replied That he was ready and willing for his part to obey his Highness in all things no otherwise then if His Majesty was there in Person Himself and though several of my Lords Friends advised him not to engage in Battel because the Command as they said was taken from Him Yet my Lord answer'd them That happen what would he would not shun to fight for he had no other ambition but to live and dye a Loyal Subject to His Majesty Then the Prince and my Lord conferr'd with several of their Officers amongst whom there were several Disputes concerning the advantages which the Enemy had of Sun Wind and Ground The Horse of His Majesties Forces was drawn up in both Wings upon that fatal Moor call'd Hessom-Moor and my Lord ask'd His Highness what Service he would be pleas'd to command him who return'd this Answer That he would begin no action upon the Enemy till early in the morning desiring my Lord to repose himself till then Which my Lord did and went to rest in his own Coach that was close by in the Field until the time appointed Not long had My Lord been there but he heard a great noise and thunder of shooting which gave him notice of the Armies being engaged Whereupon he immediately put on his Arms and was no sooner got on Horse-back but he beheld a dismal sight of the Horse of His Majesties right Wing which out of a panick fear had left the Field and run away with all the speed they could and though my Lord made them stand once yet they immediately betook themselves to their heels again and killed even those of their own party that endeavoured to stop them the Left Wing in the mean time Commanded by those two Valiant Persons the Lord Goring and Sir Charles Lucas having the better of the Enemies Right Wing which they beat back most valiantly three times and made their General retreat in so much that they sounded Victory In this Confusion my Lord accompanied onely with his Brother Sir Charles Cavendish Major Scot Capt. Mazine and his Page hastning to see in what posture his own Regiment was met with a Troop of Gentlemen-Voluntiers who formerly had chosen him their Captain notwithstanding he was General of an Army to whom my Lord spake after this manner Gentlemen said he You have done me the Honour to chuse me your Captain and now is the fittest time that I may do you service wherefore if you 'l follow me I shall lead you on the best I can and shew you the way to your own Honour They being as glad of my Lords Profer as my Lord was of their Readiness went on with the greatest Courage and passing through Two Bodies of Foot engaged with each other not at forty yards distance received not the least hurt although they fired quick upon each other but marched towards a Scots Regiment of Foot which they charged and routed in which Encounter my Lord himself kill'd Three with his Pages half-leaden Sword for he had no other left him and though all the Gentlemen in particular offer'd him their Swords yet my Lord refused to take a Sword of any of them At last after they had pass'd through this Regiment of Foot a Pike-man made a stand to the whole Troop and though my Lord charg'd him twice or thrice yet he could not enter him but the Troop dispatched him soon In all these Encounters my Lord got not the least hurt though several were slain about him and his White-Coats shew'd such an extraordinary Valour and Courage in that Action that they were kill'd in Rank and File And here I cannot but mention by the way That it is remarkable that in all actions and undertakings where My Lord was in Person himself he was always Victorious and prospered in the execution of his designs but whatsoever was lost or succeeded ill happen'd in his absence and was caused either by the Treachery or Negligence and Carelesness of his Officers My Lord being the last in the Field and seeing that all was lost and that every one of His Majesties Party made their escapes in the best manner they could he being moreover inquired after by several of his Friends who had all a great love and respect for my Lord especially by the then Earl of Craford who lov'd my Lord so well that he gave 20 s. to one that assured him of his being alive and safe telling him that that was all he had went towards York late at night accompanied onely with his Brother and one or two of his servants and coming near the Town met His Highness Prince Rupert with the Lieutenant General of the Army the Lord Ethyn His Highness asked My Lord how the business went To whom he answered That all was lost and gone on their side That night my Lord remained in York and having nothing left in his power to do his Majesty any further service in that kind for he had neither Ammunition nor Money to raise more Forces to keep either York or any other Towns that were yet in His Majesties Devotion well knowing that those which were left could not hold out long and being also loath to have aspersions cast upon him that he did fell them to the Enemy in case he could not keep them he took a Resolution and that justly and honourably to forsake the Kingdom and to that end went the next morning to the Prince and acquainted him with his Design desiring His Highness would be pleased to give this true and just report of him to his Majesty that he had behaved himself like an honest man a Gentleman and a Loyal subject Which request the Prince having granted my Lord took his leave and being conducted by a Troop of Horse and a Troop of Dragoons to Scarborough went to Sea and took shipping for Hamborough the Gentry of the Country
who also came to take their leaves of My Lord being much troubled at his departure and speaking very honourably of him as surely they had no reason to the contrary The Second Book HAving hitherto faithfully related the life of My Noble Lord and Husband and the chief Actions which He performed during the time of his being employed in His Majesties Service for the Good and Interest of his King and Country until the time of his going out of England I shall now give you a just account of all that passed during the time of his banishment till the return into his native Country My Lord being a Wise Man and foreseeing well what the loss of that fatal Battle upon Hessom-moor near York would produce by which not onely those of His Majesties Party in the Northern parts of the Kingdom but in all other parts of His Majesties Dominions both in England Scotland and Ireland were lost and undone and that there was no other way but either to quit the Kingdom or submit to the Enemy or die he resolved upon the former and preparing for his journey asked his Steward How Much Money he had left Who answer'd That he had but 90 l. My Lord not being at all startled at so small a Summ although his present design required much more was resolved too seek his Fortune even with that litle and thereupon having taken leave of His Highness Prince Rupert and the rest that were present went to Scarborough as before is mentioned where two Ships were prepared for Hamborough to set sail within 24 hours in which he embarqued with his Company and arrived in four days time to the said City which was on the 8th of Iuly 1644. In one of these Ships was my Lord with his two Sons Charles Viscount Mansfield and Lord Henry Cavendish now Earl of Ogle as also Sir Charles Cavendish My Lord's Brother the then Lord Bishop of London-derry Dr. Bramhall the Lord Falconbridg the Lord Widdrington Sir William Carnaby who after died at Paris and his Brother Mr. Francis Carnaby who went presently in the same Ship back again for England and soon after was slain by the Enemy near Sherborne in York-shire besides many of my Lord's and their servants In the other Ship was the Earl of Ethyne Lieutenant General of My Lord's Army and the Lord Cornworth But before My Lord landed at Hamborough his eldest Son Charles Lord Mansfield fell sick of the Small-Pox and not long after his younger Son Henry now Earl of Ogle fell likewise dangerously ill of the Measels but it pleased God that they both happily recovered My Lord finding his Company and Charge very great although he sent several of his Servants back again into England and having no means left to maintain him was forced to seek for Credit where at last he got so much as would in part relieve his necessities and whereas heretofore he had been contented for want of a Coach to make use of a Waggon when his occasions drew him abroad he was now able with the credit he had got to buy a Coach and nine Horses of an Holsatian breed for which Horses he paid 160 l. and was afterwards offer'd for one of them an hundred Pistols at Paris but he refused the money and presented seven of them to Her Majesty the Queen-Mother of England and kept two for his own use After my Lord had stay'd in Hamborough from Iuly 1644 till February 1645 4 he being resolved to go into France went by Sea from Hamborough to Amsterdam and from thence to Rotterdam where he sent one of his Servants with a Complement and tender of his humble Service to Her Highness the then Princess Royal the Queen of Bohemia the Princess Dowager of Orange and the Prince of Orange which was received with much kindness and civility From Rotterdam he directed his Journey to Antwerp and from thence with one Coach one Chariot and two Waggons he went to Mechlin and Brussels where he received a Visit from the Governour the Marquess of Castel Rodrigo the Duke of Lorrain and Count Piccolomini From thence he set forth for Valenchin and Cambray where the Governour of the Town used my Lord with great respect and civility and desired him to give the word that night Thence he went to Peroon a Frontier Town in France where the Vice-Governour in absence of the Governour of that place did likewise entertain my Lord with all respect and desired him to give the Word that night and so to Paris without any further stay My Lord being arrived at Paris which was in April 1645 immediately went to tender his humble duty to Her Majesty the Queen-Mother of England where it was my Fortune to see him the first time I being then one of the Maids of Honour to Her Majesty and after he had stay'd there some time he was pleased to take some particular notice of me and express more then an ordinary affection for me insomuch that he resolved to chuse me for his Second Wife for he having but two Sons purposed to marry me a young Woman that might prove fruitful to him and encrease his Posterity by a Masculine Off-spring Nay He was so desirous of Male-Issue that I have heard him say He cared not so God would be pleased to give him many Sons although they came to be Persons of the meanest Fortunes but God it seems had ordered it otherwise and frustrated his Designs by making me barren which yet did never lessen his Love and Affection for me After My Lord was married having no Estate or Means left him to maintain himself and his Family he was necessitated to seek for Credit and live upon the Courtesie of those that were pleased to Trust him which although they did for some while and shew'd themselves very civil to My Lord yet they grew weary at length insomuch that his Steward was forced one time to tell him That he was not able to provide a Dinner for him for his Creditors were resolved to trust him no longer My Lord being always a great master of his Passions was at least shew'd himself not in any manner troubled at it but in a pleasant humour told me that I must of necessity pawn my Cloaths to make so much Money as would procure a Dinner I answer'd That my Cloaths would be but of small value and therefore desired my Waiting-Maid to pawn some small toys which I had formerly given her which she willingly did The same day in the afternoon My Lord spake himself to his Creditors and both by his civil Deportment and perswasive Arguments obtained so much that they did not onely trust him for more necessaries but lent him Mony besides to redeem those Toys that were pawned Hereupon I sent my Waiting-Maid into England to my Brother the Lord Lucas for that small Portion which was left me and my Lord also immediately after dispatched one of his Servants who was then Governour to his Sons to some of
his Friends to try what means he could procure for his subsistance but though he used all the industry and endeavour he could yet he effected but little by reason every body was so affraid of the Parliament that they durst not relieve Him who was counted a Traitor for his Honest and Loyal service to his King and Country Not long after My Lord had profers made him of some Rich Matches in England for his two Sons whom therefore he sent thither with one Mr. Loving hoping by that means to provide both for them and himself but they being arrived there out of some reasons best known to them declared their unwillingness to Marry as yet continuing nevertheless in England and living as well as they could Some two years after my Lord's Marriage when he had prevailed so far with his Creditors that they began to trust him anew the first thing he did was that he removed out of those Lodgings in Paris where he had been necessitated to live hitherto to a House which he hired for himself and his Family and furnished it as well as his new gotten Credit would permit and withal resolving for his own recreation and divertisement in his banished condition to exercise the Art of Mannage which he is a great lover and Master of bought a Barbary-horse for that purpose which cost him 200 Pistols and soon after another Barbary-horse from the Lord Crofts for which he was to pay him 100 l. when he returned into England About this time there was a Council call'd at St. Germain in which were present besides My Lord Her Majesty the now Queen Mother of England His Highness the Prince our now gracious King His Cousin Prince Rupert the Marquess of Worcester the then Marquess now Duke of Ormond the Lord Iermyn now Earl of St. Albans and several others where after several debates concerning the then present condition of His Majesty King Charles the First my Lord delivered his sentiment that he could perceive no other probability of procuring Forces for His Majesty but an assistance of the Scots But Her Majesty was pleased to answer my Lord That he was too quick Not long after When my Lord had begun to settle himsef in his mentioned new house His gracious Master the Prince having taken a resolution to go into Holland upon some designs Her Majesty the Queen Mother desired my Lord to follow him promising to engage for his debts which hitherto he had contracted at Paris and commanding Her Controller and Treasurer to be bound for them in Her behalf which they did although the Creditors would not content themselves until my Lord had joined his word to theirs So great and generous was the bounty and favour of Her Majesty to my Lord considering she had already given him heretofore near upon 2000 l. Sterling even at that time when Her Majesty stood most in need of it My Lord after his Highness the Prince was gone being ready to execute Her Majesties Commands in following Him and preparing for his Journey wanted the chief thing which was Money and having much endeavoured for it at last had the good Fortune to obtain upon Credit three or four hundred pounds sterl With which Sum he set out of Paris in the same Equipage he entred viz. One Coach which he had newly caused to be made wherein were the Lord Widdrington my Lord's Brother Sir Charles Cavendish Mr. Loving my Waiting-Maid and some others whereof the two later were then returned out of England one little Chariot that would onely hold my Lord and my self and three Waggons besides an indifferent number of Servants on Horse-back That day when we left Paris the Creditors coming to take their Farwell of my Lord expressed so great a love and kindness for him accompanied vvith so many hearty Prayers and Wishes that he could not but prosper on his Journey Being come into the King of Spain's Dominions my Lord found a very Noble Reception At Cambray the Governour vvas so civil that my Lord coming to that place somevvhat late and vvhen it vvas dark he commanded some Lights and Torches to meet my Lord and conduct him to his Lodgings He offer'd my Lord the Keys of the City and desir'd him to give the Word that night and moreover invited him to an Entertainment which he had made for him of purpose but it being late my Lord tyred with his Journey excused himself as civilly as he could the Governour notwithstanding being pleased to send all manner of Provisions to my Lords Lodgings and charging our Landlord to take no pay for any thing we had Which extraordinary Civilities shewed that he was a Right Noble Spaniard The next morning early my Lord went on his Journey and was very civilly used in every place of His Majesty of Spain's Dominions where he arrived At last coming to Antwerp He took water to Rotterdam which Town he chose for his residing place during the time of his stay in Holland and sent thither to a Friend of his a Gentleman of Quality to provide him some Lodgings which he did and procured them at the house of one Mrs. Banaum Widow to an English Merchant who had always been very Loyal to His Majesty the King of England and serviceable to His Majesties faithful Subjects in whatsoever lay in his Power My Lord being come to Rotterdam was informed that His Highness the Prince now our Gracious King was gone to Sea Wherefore he resolved to follow him and for that purpose hired a Boat and victual'd it but since no body knew whither His Highness was gone and I being unwilling that my Lord should venture upon so uncertain a Voyage and as the Proverb is Seek a Needle in a Bottle of Hay he desisted from that design The Lord Widdrington nevertheless and Sir Will. Throckmorton being resolved to find out the Prince but having by a storm been driven towards the Coast of Scotland and endangered their lives they returned without obtaining their aim After some little time my Lord having notice that the Prince was arrived at the Hague he went to wait on His Highness which he also did afterwards at several times so long as His Highness continued there expecting some opportunity where he might be able to shew his readiness to serve His King and Countrey as certainly there was no little hopes for it for first it was believed that the English Fleet would come and render it self into the obedience of the Prince next it was reported that the Duke of Hamilton was going out of Scotland with a great Army into England to the assistance of His Majesty and that His Majesty had then some party at Colchester but it pleased God that none of these proved effectual For the Fleet did not come in the Duke of Hamilton's Army was destroyed and Colchester was taken by the Enemy where my dear Brother Sir Charles Lucas and his dear Friend Sir George Lile were most inhumanly murther'd and shot to death they
purpose sent a Letter to my Lord from Paris but my Lord was so far from selling that Horse that he was displeased to hear that any Price should be offer'd for him So great a Love hath my Lord for good Horses And certainly I have observed and do verily believe that some of them had also a particular Love to my Lord for they seemed to rejoice whensoever he came into the Stables by their trampling action and the noise they made nay they would go much better in the Mannage when my Lord was by then when he was absent and when he rid them himself they seemed to take much pleasure and pride in it But of all sorts of Horses my Lord loved Spanish Horses and Barbes best saying That Spanish Horses were like Princes and Barbes like Gentlemen in their kind And this was the chief Recreation and Pastime my Lord had in Antwerp I will now return to my former Discourse and the Relation of some Important Affairs and Actions which happen'd about this time His Majesty our now Gracious King Charles the Second some time after he was gone out of Holland and returned into France took his Journey from thence to Breda if I remember well to treat there with his Subjects of Scotland who had then made some offers of Agreement My Lord according to his duty went thither to wait on His Majesty and was there in Council with His Majesty His Highness the then Prince of Orange His Majesties Brother-in-law and some other Privy-Counsellors in which after several Debates concerning that Important Affair His Highness the Prince of Orange and my Lord agreed in one Opinion viz. That they could perceive no other and better way at that present for His Majesty but to make an Agreement with His Subjects of Scotland upon any Condition and to go into Scotland in Person Himself that he might but be sure of an Army there being no probability or appearance then of getting an Army any where else Which Counsel either out of the then alledged Reasons or some others best known to His Majesty was embraced His Majesty agreeing with the Scots so far notwithstanding they were so unreasonable in their Treaty that His Majesty had hardly Patience to hear them that he resolved to go into Scotland in Person and though my Lord had an earnest desire to wait on His Majesty thither yet the Scots would not suffer him to come or be in any part of that Kingdom Wherefore out of his Loyalty and Duty he gave His Majesty the best advice he could viz. that he conceived it most safe for His Majesty to adhere to the Earl of Argyle's Party which he supposed to be the strongest but especially to reconcile Hamilton's and Argyle's Party and compose the differences between them for then His Majesty would be sure of Two Parties whereas otherwise He would leave an Enemy behind Him which might cause His overthrow and endanger His Majesties Person and if His Majesty could but get the Power into his own hands he might do hereafter what he pleased His Majesty being arrived in Scotland ordered his affairs so wisely that soon after he got an Army to march with him into England but whether they were all Loyal is not for me to dispute However Argyle was discontented as it appear'd by two complaining Letters he sent to my Lord which my Lord gave His Majesty notice of so that onely the Duke of Hamilton went with His Majesty who fought and died like a Valiant Man and a Loyal subject In this fight between the English and Scots His Majesty expressed an extraordinary Courage and though his Army was in a manner destroyed yet the Glory of an Heroick Prince remained with our gracious Soveraign In the mean time whilest His Majesty was yet in Scotland and before he marched with His Army into England it happen'd that the Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Newburg upon some differences having raised Forces against each other but afterwards concluded a Peace between them were pleased to profer those Forces to my Lord for His Majesties use and service which as the Lord Chancellour who was then in France sent word to my Lord was the onely Foreign profer that had been made to his Majesty My Lord immediately gave His Majesty notice of it but whether it was for want of convenient Transportation or Mony or that the Scots did not like the assistance that profer was not accepted Concerning the affairs and intrigues that pass'd in Scotland and England during the time of His Majesties stay there I am ignorant of them neither doth it belong to me now to write or give an account of any thing else but what concerns the History of my Noble Lord and Husbands Life and his own Actions who so soon as he had Intelligence that the Scottish Army which went with His Majesty into England was defeated and that no body knew what was become of His Majesty fell into so violent a Passion that I verily believed it would have endanger'd his life but when afterwards the happy news came of His Majejesties safe arrival in France never any Subject could rejoice more then my Lord did About this time it chanced that my Lords Brother Sir Charles Cavendish and my self took a journey into England occasioned both by my Lord 's extream want and necessity and his Bothers Estate which having been under Sequestration from the time or soon after he went out of England was then in case he did not return and compound for it to be sold out-right Sir Charles was unwilling to receive his Estate upon such conditions and would rather have lost it then compounded for it But my Lord considering it was better to recover something then lose all intreated the Lord Chancellour who was then in Antwerp to perswade his Brother to a composition which his Lordship did very effectually and proved himself a Noble and true Friend in it We had so small a Provision of money when we set forth our Journey for England that it was hardly able to carry us to London but were forced to stay at Southwark where Sir Charles sent into London for one that had formerly been his Steward and having declared to him his wants and necessities desir'd him to try his Credit He seemed ready to do his Master what service he could in that kind but pretending withall that his Credit was but small Sir Charles gave him his Watch to pawn and with that money paid those small scores we had made in our Lodging there From thence we went to some other Lodgings that were prepared for us in Covent-Garden and having rested our selves some time I desired my Brother the Lord Lucas to claim in my behalf some subsistance for my self out of my Lords Estate for it was declared by the Parliament That the Lands of those that were banished should be sold to any that would buy them onely their Wives and Children were allowed to put in their Claims But he received
this Answer That I could not expect the least allowance by reason my Lord and Husband had been the greatest Traitor of England that is to say the honestest man because he had been most against them Then Sir Charles intrusted some persons to compound for his Estate but it being a good while before they agreed in their Composition and then before the Rents could be received we having in the mean time nothing to live on must of necessity have been starved had not Sir Charles got some Credit of several Persons and that not without great difficulty for all those that had Estates were afraid to come near him much less to assist him until he was sure of his own Estate So much is Misery and Poverty shun'd But though our Condition was hard yet my dear Lord and Husband whom we left in Antwerp was then in a far greater distress then our selves for at our departure he had nothing but what his Credit was able to procure him and having run upon the score so long without paying any the least part thereof his Creditors began to grow impatient and resolved to trust him no longer Wherefore he sent me word That if his Brother did not presently relieve him he was forced to starve Which doleful news caused great sadness and melancholy in us both and withal made his Brother try his utmost endeavour to procure what moneys he could for his subsistance who at last got 200 l. sterl upon Credit which he immediately made over to my Lord. But in the mean time before the said money could come to his hands my Lord had been forced to send for all his Creditors and declare to them his great wants and necessities where his Speech was so effectual and made such an impression in them that they had all a deep sense of my Lords Misfortunes and instead of urging the payment of his Debts promised him That he should not want any thing in whatsoever they were able to assist him which they also very nobly and civilly performed furnishing him with all manner of provisions and necessaries for his further subsistance so that my Lord was then in a much better condition amongst strangers then we in our Native Countrey At last when Sir Charles Cavendish had compounded for his Estate and agreed to pay 4500 l. for it the Parliament caused it again to be surveyed and made him pay 500 l. more which was more then many others had paid for much greater Estates so that Sir Charles to pay this Composition and discharge some Debts was necessitated to sell some Land of his at an under-rate My Lords two Sons who were also in England at that time were no less in want and necessity then we having nothing but bare Credit to live on and my Lords Estate being then to be sold outright Sir Charles his Brother endeavoured if possible to save the two chief Houses viz. Welbeck and Bolsover being resolved rather to part with some more of his Land which he had lately compounded for then to let them fall into the Enemies hands but before such time as he could compass the money some body had bought Bolsover with an intention to pull it down and make money of the Materials of whom Sir Charles was forced to buy it again at a far greater Rate then he might have had it at first notwithstanding a great part of it was pulled down already and though my Lords eldest Son Charles Lord Mansfield had those mentioned Houses some time in possession after the death of his Uncle yet for want of Means he was not able to repair them I having now been in England a year and a half some Intelligence which I received of my Lords being not very well and the small hopes I had of getting some relief out of his Estate put me upon design of returning to Antwerp to my Lord and Sir Charles his Brother took the same resolution but was prevented by an Ague that seized upon him Not long had I been with my Lord but we received the sad news of his Brothers death which was an extream affliction both to my Lord and my self for they loved each other entirely In truth He was a Person of so great worth such extraordinary civility so obliging a Nature so full of Generosity Justice and Charity besides all manner of Learning especially in the Mathematicks that not onely his Friends but even his Enemies did much lament his loss After my return out of England to my Lord the Creditors supposing I had brought great store of money along with me came all to my Lord to solicite the payment of their Debts but when my Lord had informed them of the truth of the business and desired their patience somewhat longer with assurance that so soon as he received any money he would honestly and justly satisfie them they were not onely willing to forbear the payment of those Debts he had contracted hitherto but to credit him for the future and supply him with such Necessaries as he should desire of them And this was the onely happiness which my Lord had in his distressed condition and the chief blessing of the Eternal and Merciful God in whose Power are all things who ruled the hearts and minds of men and filled them with Charity and Compassion for certainly it was a work of Divine Providence that they shewed so much love respect and honour to my Lord a stranger to their Nation and notwithstanding his ruined Condition and the small appearance of recovering his own credited him wheresoever he lived both in France Holland Brabant and Germany that although my Lord was banished his Native Countrey and dispossessed from his own Estate could nevertheless live in so much Splendor and Grandure as he did In this Condition and how little soever the appearance was my Lord was never without hopes of seeing yet before his death a happy issue of all his misfortunes and sufferings especially of the Restauration of His most Gracious King and Master to His Throne and Kingly Rights whereof he always had assured Hopes well knowing that it was impossible for the Kingdom to subsist long under so many changes of Government and whensoever I expressed how little faith I had in it he would gently reprove me saying I believ'd least what I desir'd most and could never be happy if I endeavour'd to exclude all hopes and entertain'd nothing but doubts and fears The City of Antwerp in which we lived being a place of great resort for Strangers and Travellers His Majesty our now gracious King Charles the Second passed thorough it when he went his Journey towards Germany and after my Lord had done his humble duty and waited on His Majesty He was pleased to Honour him with His Presence at his House The same did almost all strangers that were Persons of Quality if they made any stay in the Town they would come and visit my Lord and see the Mannage of his Horses And amongst the rest
Crown but so soon as it fell that fell too and my Lord was then in a manner forced to seek his own preservation in foreign Countries where God was pleased to make strangers his Friends who received and protected him when he was banished his native Country and relieved him when his own Country-men sought to starve him by withholding from him what was justly his own onely for his Honesty and Loyalty which relief he received more from the Commons of those parts where he lived then from Princes he being unwilling to trouble any foreign Prince with his wants and miseries well knowing that Gifts of Great Princes come slowly and not without much difficulty neither loves he to petition any one but His own Soveraign But though my Lord by the civility of Strangers and the assistance of some few Friends of his native Country lived in an indifferent Condition yet as it hath been declared heretofore he was put to great plunges and difficulties in so much that his dear Brother Sir Charles Cavendish would often say That though he could not truly complain of want yet his meat never did him good by reason my Lord his Brother was always so near wanting that he was never sure after one meal to have another And though I was not afraid of starving or begging yet my chief fear was that my Lord for his debts would suffer Imprisonment where sadness of Mind and want of Exercise and Air would have wrought his destruction which yet by the Mercy of God he happily avoided Some time before the Restauration of His Majesty to his Royal Throne my Lord partly with the remainder of his Brothers Estate which was but little it being wasted by selling of Land for compounding with the Parliament paying of several debts and buying out the two Houses aforementioned viz. Welbeck and Bolsover and the Credit which his Sons had got which amounted in all to 2400 l. a year sprinkled something amongst his Creditors and borrowed so much of Mr. Top and Mr. Smith though without assurance that he could pay such scores as were most presssing contracted from the poorer sort of Trades-men and send ready mony to Market to avoid cozenage for small scores run up most unreasonably especially if no strict accounts be kept and the rate be left to the Creditors pleasure by which means there was in a short time so much saved as it could not have been imagined About this time a report came of a great number of Sectaries and of several disturbances in England which heightned my Lord's former hopes into a firm belief of a sudden Change in that Kingdom and a happy Restauration of His Majesty which it also pleased God to send according to his expectation for His Majesty was invited by his Subjects who were not able longer to endure those great confusions and encumbrances they had sustained hitherto to take possession of His Hereditary Rights aud the power of all his Dominions And being then at the Hague in Holland to take shipping in those parts for England my Lord went thither to wait on his Majesty who used my Lord very Graciously and his Highness the Duke of York was pleased to offer him one of those Ships that were ordered to transport His Majesty for which he returned his most humble thanks to his Highness and begg'd leave of His Highness that he might hire a Vessel for himself and his Company In the mean time whilst my Lord was at the Hague His Majesty was pleased to tell him That General Monk now Duke of Albemarle had desired the Place of being Master of the Horse To which my Lord answer'd That that gallant Person was worthy of any Favour that His Majesty could confer upon him And having taken his leave of His Majesty and His Highness the Duke of York went towards the Ship that was to transport him for England I might better call it a Boat then a Ship for those that were intrusted by my Lord to hire a Ship for that purpose had hired an old rotten Fregat that was lost the next Voyage after insomuch that when some of the Company that had promised to go over with my Lord saw it they turn'd back and would not endanger their lives in it except the Lord Widdrington who was resolved not to forsake my Lord. My Lord who was so transported with the joy of returning into his Native Countrey that he regarded not the Vessel having set Sail from Rotterdam was so becalmed that he was six dayes and six nights upon the Water during which time he pleased himself with mirth and pass'd his time away as well as he could Provisions he wanted not having them in great store and plenty At last being come so far that he was able to discern the smoak of London which he had not seen in a long time he merrily was pleased to desire one that was near him to jogg and awake him out of his dream for surely said he I have been sixteen years asleep and am not throughly awake yet My Lord lay that night at Greenwich where his Supper seem'd more savoury to him then any meat he had hitherto tasted and the noise of some scraping Fidlers he thought the pleasantest harmony that ever he had heard In the mean time my Lords Son Henry Lord Mansfield now Earl of Ogle was gone to Dover with intention to wait on His Majesty and receive my Lord his Father with all joy and duty thinking he had been with His Majesty but when he miss'd of his design he was very much troubled and more when His Majesty was pleas'd to tell him That my Lord had set to Sea before His Majesty Himself was gone out of Holland fearing my Lord had met with some Misfortune in his Journey because he had not heard of his Landing Wherefore he immediately parted from Dover to seek my Lord whom at last he found at Greenwich with what joy they embraced and saluted each other my Pen is too weak to express But all this while and after my Lord was gone from Antwerp I was left alone there with some of my servants for my Lord being in Holland with His Majesty declared in a Letter to me his intention of going for England withal commanding me to stay in that City as a Pawn for his debts until he could compass money to discharge them and to excuse him to the Magistrates of the said City for not taking his leave of them and paying his due thanks for their great civilities which he desired me to do in his behalf And certainly my Lords affection to me was such that it made him very industrious in providing those means for it being uncertain what or whether he should have any thing of his Estate made it a difficult business for him to borrow Mony At last he received some of one Mr. Ash now Sir Ioseph Ash a Merchant of Antwerp which he returned to me but what with the expence I had made in the mean while and
what was required for my transporting into England besides the debts formerly contracted the said money fell too short by 400 l. and although I could have upon my own word taken up much more yet I was unwilling to leave an engagement amongst strangers Wherefore I sent for one Mr. Shaw now Sir Iohn Shaw a near kindsman to the said Mr. Ash intreating him to lend me 400 l. which he did most readily and so discharged my debts My departure being now divulged in Antwerp the Magistrates of the City came to take their leaves of me where I desired one Mr. Duart a very worthy Gentleman and one of the chief of the City though he derives his Race from the Portuguez to whom and his Sisters all very skilful in the Art of Musick though for their own pastime and Recreation both my Lord and my self were much bound for their great civilities to be my Interpreter They were pleased to express that they were sorry for our departure out of their City but withal rejoyced at our happy returning into our Native Country and wished me soon and well to the place where I most desired to be Whereupon I having excused my Lord's hasty going away without taking his leave of them returned them mine and my Lord 's hearty Thanks for their great civilities declaring how sorry I was that it lay not in my power to make an acknowledgment answerable to them But after their departure from me they were pleased to send their Under-Officers as the custom there is with a Present of Wine which I received with all respect and thankfulness I being thus prepar'd for my Voyage went with my Servants to Flussing and finding no English Man of War there being loth to trust my self with a less Vessel was at last informed that a Dutch man of War lay there ready to Convoy some Merchants I forthwith sent for the Captain thereof whose name was Bankert and asked him whether it was possible to obtain the favour of having the use of his Ship to transport me into England To vvhich he ansvvered That he question'd not but I might for the Merchants which he was to convey were not ready yet desiring me to send one of my servants to the State to request that favour of them with whom he would go himself and assist him the best he could which he also did My suit being granted my self and my chief servants embarqued in the said Ship the rest together with the Goods being conveyed in another good strong Vessel hired for that purpose After I was safely arrived at London I found my Lord in Lodgings I cannot call them unhandsome but yet they were not fit for a Person of his Rank and Quality nor of the capacity to contain all his Family Neither did I find my Lord's Condition such as I expected Wherefore out of some passion I desir'd him to leave the Town and retire into the Countrey but my Lord gently reproved me for my rashness and impatience and soon after removed into Dorset-house which though it was better then the former yet not altogether to my satisfaction we having but a part of the said House in possession By this removal I judged my Lord would not hastily depart from London but not long after he was pleased to tell me That he had dispatched his business and was now resolved to remove into the Country having already given order for Waggons to transport our goods which was no unpleasant news to me who had a great desire for a Countrey-life My Lord before he began his Journey went to his Gracious Soveraign and begg'd leave that he might retire into the Countrey to reduce and settle if possible his confused entangled and almost ruined Estate Sir said he to His Majesty I am not ignorant that many believe I am discontented and 't is probable they 'l say I retire through discontent But I take God to witness That I am in no kind or ways displeas'd for I am so joyed at your Majesties happy Restauration that I cannot be sad or troubled for any Concern to my own particular but whatsoever Your Majesty is pleased to command me were it to sacrifice my Life I shall most obediently perform it for I have no other Will but Your Majesties Pleasure Thus he kissed His Majesty's hand and went the next day into Nottingham-shire to his Mannor-house call'd Welbeck but when he came there and began to examine his Estate and how it had been ordered in the time of his Banishment he knew not whether he had left ' any thing of it for himself or not till by his prudence and wisdom he inform'd himself the best he could examining those that had most knowledg therein Some Lands he found could be recover'd no further then for his life and some not at all Some had been in the Rebels hands which he could not recover but by His Highness the Duke of York's favour to whom His Majesty had given all the Estates of those that were condemned and executed for murdering his Royal Father of blessed memory which by the Law were forfeited to His Majesty whereof His Highness graciously restor'd my Lord so much of the Land that formerly had been his as amounted to 730 l. a year And though my Lord's Children had their Claims granted and bought out the Life of my Lord their Father which came near upon the third part yet my Lord received nothing for himself out of his own Estate for the space of eighteen years viz. During the time from the first entring into Warr which was Iune 11. 1642 till his return out of Banishment May 28. 1660 for though his Son Henry now Earl of Ogle and his eldest Daughter the now Lady Cheiny did all what lay in their power to relieve my Lord their Father and sent him some supplies of moneys at several times when he was in banishment yet that was of their own rather then out of my Lord's Estate for the Lady Chieny sold some few Jewels which my Lord her Father had left her and some Chamber-Plate which she had from her Grandmother and sent over the money to my Lord besides 1000 l. of her Portion And the now Earl of Ogle did at several times supply my Lord his Father with such moneys as he had partly obtained upon Credit and partly made by his Marriage After my Lord had begun to view those Ruines that were nearest and tried the Law to keep or recover what formerly was his which certainly shew'd no favour to him besides that the Act of Oblivion proved a great hinderance and obstruction to those his designs as it did no less to all the Royal Party and had setled so much of his Estate as possibly he could he cast up the Summ of his Debts and set out several parts of Land sor the payment of them or of some of them for some of his Lands could not be easily sold being entailed and some he sold in Derbyshire to buy the Castle
of Nottingham which although it is quite ruined and demolisht yet it being a seat which had pleased his Father very much he would not leave it since it was offer'd to be sold. His two Houses Welbeck and Bolsover he found much out of repair and this later half pull'd down no furniture or any necessary Goods were left in them but some few Hangings and Pictures which had been saved by the care and industry of his Eldest Daughter the Lady Cheiny and were bought over again after the death of his eldest Son Charles Lord Mansfield for they being given to him and he leaving some debts to be paid after his death My Lord sent to his other Son Henry now Earl of Ogle to endeavour for so much Credit that the said Hangings and Pictures which my Lord esteemed very much the Pictures being drawn by Van Dyke might be saved which he also did and My Lord hath paid the debt since his return Of eight Parks which my Lord had before the Wars there was but one left that was not quite destroyed Welbeck-Park of about four miles compass for my Lord's Brother Sir Charles Cavendish who bought out the life of my Lord in that Lordship saved most part of it from being cut down and in Blore-Park there were some few Deer left The rest of the Parks were totally defaced and destroyed both Wood Pales and Deer amongst which was also Clipston-Park of seven miles compass wherein my Lord had taken much delight formerly it being rich of Wood and containing the greatest and tallest Timber-trees of all the Woods he had in so much that onely the Pale-row was valued at 2000 l. It was water'd by a pleasant River that runs through it full of Fish and Otters was well stock'd with Deer full of Hares and had great store of Partriges Poots Pheasants c besides all sorts of Water-fowl so that this Park afforded all manner of sports for Hunting Hawking Coursing Fishing c. for which my Lord esteemed it very much And although his Patience and Wisdom is such that I never perceived him sad or discontented for his own Losses and Misfortunes yet when he beheld the ruines of that Park I observed him troubled though he did little express it onely saying he had been in hopes it would not have been so much defaced as he found it there being not one Timber-tree in it left for shelter However he patiently bore what could not be helped and gave present order for the cutting down of some Wood that was left him in a place near adjoining to repale it and got from several Friends Deer to stock it Thus though his Law-suits and other unavoidable expences were very chargeable to him yet he order'd his affairs so prudently that by degrees he stock'd and manur'd those Lands he keeps for his own use and in part repaired his Mannor-houses Welbeck and Bolsover to which later he made some additional building and though he has not yet built the Seat at Nottingham yet he hath stock'd and paled a little Park belonging to it Nor is it possible for him to repair all the ruines of the Estate that is left him in so short a time they being so great and his losses so considerable that I cannot without grief and trouble remember them for before the Wars my Lord had as great an Estate as any subject in the Kingdom descended upon him most by Women viz. by his Grandmother of his Father's side his own Mother and his first Wife What Estate his Grandfather left to his Father Sir Charles Cavendish I know not nor can I exactly tell what he had from his Grandmother but she was very rich for her third Husband Sir Will. Saint Loo gave her a good Estate in the West which afterwards descended upon my Lord my Lord's Mother being the younger daughter of the Lord Ogle and sole Heir after the death of her eldest Sister Iane Countess of Shrewsbury whom King Charles the First restored to her Fathers Dignity viz. Baroness of Ogle This Title descended upon my Lord and his Heirs General together with 3000 l. a year in Northumberland and besides the Estate left to my Lord she gave him 20000 l. in Money and kept him and his Family at her own charge for several years My Lord's first Wife who was Daughter and Heir to William Basset of Blore Esq Widow to Henry Howard younger Son to Thomas Earl of Suffolk brought my Lord 2400 l. a Year Inheritance between six and seven thousand Pounds in Money and a jointure for her life of 800 l. a Year Besides my Lord increased his own Estate before the Wars to the value of 100000 l. and had increased it more had not the unhappy Wars prevented him for though he had some disadvantages in his Estate even before the Wars yet they are not considerable to those he suffered afterwards for the service of his King and Country For example His Father Sir Charles Cavendish had lent his Brother in Law Gilbert Earl of Shrewsbury 16000 l. for which although afterward before his death he setled 2000 l. a year upon him yet he having injoyed the said Money for many years without paying any use for it it might have been improved to my Lord 's better advantage had it been in his Fathers own hands he being a Person of great prudence in managing his Estate and though the said Earl of Shrewsbury made my Lord his Executor yet my Lord was so far from making any advantage by that Trust even in what the Law allowed him that he lost 17000 l. by it and afterwards delivered up his Trust to William Earl of Pembrook and Thomas Earl of Arundel who both married two Daughters of the said Earl of Shrewsbury And since his return into England upon the desire of Henry Howard Second Son to the late Earl of Arundel and Heir apparent by reason of his Eldest Brother's Distemper he resigned his Trust and Interest to him which certainly is a very difficult business and yet questionable whether it may lawfully be done or not But such was my Lord's Love to the Family of the Shrewsburies that he would rather wrong himself then it To mention some lawful advantages which my Lord might have made by the said Trust it may be noted in the first place That the Earl of Shrewsbury's Estate was Let in long Leases which by the Law fell to the Executor Next that after some Debts and Legacies were paid out of those Lands which were set out for that purpose they were setled so that they fell to my Lord. Thirdly Seven hundred pounds a year was left as a Gift to my Lord's Brother Sir Charles Cavendish in case the Countess of Kent Second Daughter to the said Earl of Shrewsbury had no Children But my Lord never made any advantage for himself of all these neither was he inquisitive whether the said Countess of Kent cut off the Entail of that Land although she never had a Child for my Lord's
Nature is so generous that he hates to be Mercenary and never minds his own Profit or Interest in any Trust or Employment more then the good and benefit of him that intrusts or employs him But as I said heretofore these are but petty Losses in comparison of those he sustained by the late Civil Warrs whereof I shall partly give you an account I say partly for though it may be computed what the loss of the Annual Rents of his Lands amounts to of which he never received the least worth for himself and his own profit during the time both of his being employed in the Service of Warr and his Sufferings in Banishment as also the loss of those Lands that are alienated from him both in present possession and in reversion and of his Parks and Woods that were cut down yet it is impossible to render an exact account of his Personal Estate As for his Rents during the time he acted in the Warrs though he suffer'd others to gather theirs for their own use yet his own either went for the use of the Army or fell into the hands of the Enemy or were suppress'd and with-held from him by the Cozenage of his Tenants and Officers my Lord being then not able to look after them himself About the time when His late Majesty undertook the expedition into Scotland for the suppressing of some insurrection that happened there My Lord as afore is mentioned amongst the rest lent His Majesty 10000 l. sterling But having newly married a Daughter to the then Lord Brackly now Earl of Bridgwater whose portion was 12000 l. the moiety whereof was paid in Gold on the day of her marriage and the rest soon after although she was too young to be bedded This together with some other expences caused him to take up the said 10000 l. at Interest the Use whereof he paid many years after Also when after his sixteen years Banishment he returned into England before he knew what Estate was left him and was able to receive any Rents of his own he was necessitated to take 5000 l. upon Use for the maintenance of himself and his Family whereof the now Earl of Devonshire his Cousin German once removed lent him 1000 l. for which and the former 1000 l. mentioned heretofore he never desired nor received any Use from my Lord which I mention to declare the favour and bounty of that Noble Lord. But though it is impossible to render an exact account of all the losses which My Lord has sustained by the said Wars yet as far as they are accountable I shall endeavour to represent them in these following Particulars In the first place I shall give you a just particular of My Lords Estate in Lands as it was before the Wars partly according to the value of his own Surveighers and partly according to the rate it is let at this present Next I shall accompt the Woods cut down by the Rebellious Party in several places of My Lords Estate Thirdly I shall compute the Value of those Lands which My Lord hath lost both in present possession and in reversion that is to say those which he has lost altogether both for himself and his Posterity and those he has recovered onely during the time of his life and which his onely Son and Heir the now Earl of Ogle must lose after his Fathers decease Fourthly I shall make mention how much of Land my Lord hath been forced to sell for the payment of some of his Debts contracted during the time of the late Civil Wars and when his Estate was sequestred I say some for there are a great many to pay yet To which I shall Fifthly add the Composition of his Brothers Estate and the loss of it for Eight years A Particular of My Lords Estate in plain Rents as it was partly surveighed in the Year 1641 and partly is let at this present Nottingham-shire  l. s. d. THe Mannor of Welbeck 0600 00 00 l. s. d. 6229 07 11 The Mannor of Norton Carbarton and the Granges 0454 19 01 Warksopp 0051 06 08 The Mannor-house of Soakholm 0308 10 03 The Manor of Clipston Edwinstow 0334 09 08 Drayton 0008 16 06 Dunham 0099 17 08 Sutton 0185 00 05 The Mannor of Kirby c. 1075 07 02 The Mannor of Cotham 0833 18 08 The Mannor of Sitthorp 0704 01 00 Carcholston 0450 03 00 Hauksworth c. 0139 04 02 Flawborough 0512 11 08 Mearing and Holm-Meadow 0471 02 00 Lincoln-shire Wellinger and Ingham Meales 0100 00 00 Derby-shire The Barrony of Bolsover and Woodthorp 0846 08 11 6128 11 10 The Mannor of Chesterfield 0378 00 00 The Mannor of Barlow 0796 17 06 Tissington 0159 11 00 Dronfield 0486 15 10 The Mannor of Brampton 0142 04 08 Little Longston 0087 02 00 The Mannor of Stoak 0212 03 00 Birth-Hall and Peak-Forrest 0131 08 00 The Mannor of Gringlow 0156 08 00 The Mannor of Hucklow 0162 10 08 The Mannor of Blackwall 0306 00 04 Buxton and Tids-Hall 0153 02 00 Mansfield-Park 0100 00 00 Mappleton and Thorp 0207 05 00 The Mannor of Windly-Hill 0238 18 00 The Mannor of Litchurch and Markworth 0713 15 01 Church and Meynel Langly Mannor 0850 01 00 Stafford-shire  l. s. d. The Mannor of Bloar with Caulton 0573 13 04 l. s. d. 2349 17 04 The Mannor of Grindon Cauldon with Waterfull 0822 03 00 The Mannor of Cheadle with Kinsly 0259 18 00 The Mannor of Barleston c. 0694 03 00 Glocester-shire The Manor of Tormorton with Litleton 1193 16 00 1581 19 02 The Mannor of Acton Turvil 0388 03 02 Summerset-shire The Mannor of Chewstoak 0816 15 06 1303 13 10 Knighton Sutton 0300 14 04 Stroud and Kingsham-Park 0186 04 00 York-shire The Manors of Slingsby Hoverngham and Friton Northinges and Pomfret 1700 00 00 Northumberland The Barrony of Bothal Ogle and Hepple c 3000 00 00  Totall 22393 10 01 That this Particular of My Lords Estate was no less then is mentioned may partly appear by the rate as it was surveighed and sold by the Rebellious Parliament for they raised towards the later end of their power which was in the year 1652 out of my Lords Estate the summe of 111593 l. 10s 11d at five years and a half Purchase which was at above the rate of 18000 l. a year besides Woods and his Brother Sir Cavendish's Estate which Estate was 2000 l. a year which falls not much short of the mentioned account and certainly had they not sold such Lands at easie rates few would have bought them by reason the Purchasers were uncertain how long they should enjoy their purchase Besides Under-Officers do not usually refuse Bribes and it is well known that the Surveighers did under-rate Estates according as they were feed by the Purchasers Again many of the Estates of banished Persons were given to Soldiers for the payment of their Arrears who again sold them to others which would buy them at easier rates But
Stocking Manuring Paling Stubbing Hedging c. of his Grounds and Parks where it is to be noted That no advantage or benefit can be made of Grounds under the space of three years and of Cattel not under five or six 3. The repairing and furnishing of some of his Dwelling-Houses 4. The setting up a Race or Breed of Horses as he had before the Warrs for which purpose he hath bought the best Mares he could get for money In short I can reckon 12000 l. laid out barely for the repair of some Ruines which my Lord could not be without there being many of them to repair yet neither is this all that is laid out but much more which I cannot well remember nor is there more but one Grange stock'd amongst several that were kept for furnishing his House with Provisions As for other Charges and Losses which My Lord hath sustained since his return I will not reckon them because my design is onely to account such losses as were caused by the Wars By which as they have been mentioned it may easily be concluded That although My Lord's Estate was very great before the Wars yet now it is shrunk into a very narrow compass that it puts his Prudence and Wisdom to the Proof to make it serve his necessities he having no other assistance to bear him up and yet notwithstanding all this he hath since his return paid both for Himself and his Son all manner of Taxes Lones Levies Assessments c. equally with the rest of His Majesties Subjects according to that Estate that is left him which he has been forced to take upon Interest The Third Book THus having given you a faithful Account of all My Lords Actions both before in and after the Civil Warrs and of his Losses I shall now conclude with some particular heads concerning the description of his own Person his Natural Humour Disposition Qualities Vertues his Pedigree Habit Diet Exercises c. together with some other Remarks and Particulars which I thought requisite to be inserted both to illustrate the former Books and to render the History of his Life more perfect and compleat 1. Of his Power After His Majesty King Charles the First had entrusted my Lord with the Power of raising Forces for His Majesties Service he effected that which never any Subject did nor was in all probability able to do for though many Great and Noble Persons did also raise Forces for His Majesty yet they were Brigades rather then well-formed Armies in comparison to my Lord's The reason was That my Lord by his Mother the Daughter of Cuthbert Lord Ogle being allyed to most of the most ancient Families in Northumberland and other the Northern parts could pretend a greater Interest in them then a stranger for they through a natural affection to my Lord as their own Kinsman would sooner follow him and under his Conduct sacrifice their Lives for His Majesty's Service then any body else well knowing That by deserting my Lord they deserted themselves and by this means my Lord raised first a Troup of Horse consisting of a hundred and twenty and a Regiment of Foot and then an Army of Eight thousand Horse Foot and Dragoons in those parts and afterwards upon this ground at several times and in several places so many several Troups Regiments and Armies that in all from the first to the last they amounted to above 100000 men and those most upon his own Interest and without any other considerable help or assistance which was much for a particular Subject and in such a conjuncture of time for since Armies are soonest raised by Covetousness Fear aud Faction that is to say upon a constant and setled Pay upon the Ground of Terrour and upon the Ground of Rebellion but very seldom or never upon uncertainty of Pay and when it is as hazardous to be of such a Party as to be in the heat of a Battel also when there is no other design but honest duty it may easily be conceived that my Lord could have no little love and affection when He raised his Army upon snch grounds as could promise them but little advantage at that time Amongst the rest of his Army My Lord had chosen for his own Regiment of Foot 3000 of such Valiant stout and faithful men whereof many were bred in the Moorish-grounds of the Northern parts that they were ready to die at my Lord's feet and never gave over whensoever they were engaged in action until they had either conquer'd the Enemy or lost their lives They were called White-coats for this following reason My Lord being resolved to give them new Liveries and there being not red Cloth enough to be had took up so much of white as would serve to cloath them desiring withal their patience until he had got it dyed but they impatient of stay requested my Lord that he would be pleased to let them have it un-dyed as it was promising they themselves would die it in the Enemies Blood Which request my Lord granted them and from that time they were called White-Coats To give you some instances of their Valour and Courage I must beg leave to repeat some passages mentioned in the first Book The Enemy having closely besieged the City of York and made a passage into the Mannor-yard by springing a Mine under the Wall thereof was got into the Mannor-house with a great number of their Forces which My Lord perceiving he immediately went and drew 80 of the said White-coats thither who with the greatest Courage went close up to the Enemy and having charged them fell Pell-mell with the But-ends of their Musquets upon them and with the assistance of the rest that renewed their Courage by their example kill'd and took 1500 and by that means saved the Town How valiantly they behaved themselves in the last fatal Battel upon Hessom-moor near York has been also declared heretofore in so much that although most of the Army were fled yet they would not stir until by the Enemies Power they were overcome and most of them slain in rank and file Their love and affection to my Lord was such that it lasted even when he was deprived of all his power and could do them little good to which purpose I shall mention this following passage My Lord being in Antwerp received a Visit from a Gentleman who came out of England and rendred My Lord thanks for his safe Escape at Sea My Lord being in amaze not knowing what the Gentleman meant he was pleased to acquaint Him that in his coming over Sea out of England he was set upon by Pickaroons who having examined him and the rest of his Company at last some asked him whether he knew the Marquess of Newcastle To whom he answered That he knew him very well and was going over into the same City where my Lord lived Whereupon they did not onely take nothing from him but used him with all Civility and desired him to remember
their humble duty to their Lord General for they were some of his White-Coats that had escaped death and if my Lord had any service for them they were ready to assist him upon what Designs soever and to obey him in whatsoever he should be pleased to Command them This I mention for the Eternal Fame and Memory of those Valiant and Faithful Men. But to return to the Power my Lord had in the late Warrs As he was the Head of his own Army and had raised it most upon his own Interest for the Service of His Majesty so he was never Ordered by His Majesty's Privy Council except that some Forces of His were kept by His late Majesty which he sent to Him together with some Arms and Ammunition heretofore mentioned until His Highness Prince Rupert came from His Majesty to join with him at the Siege of York He had moreover the Power of Coyning Printing Knighting c. which never any Subject had before when His Soveraign Himself was in the Kingdom as also the Command of so many Counties as is mentioned in the First Book and the Power of placing and displacing what Governours and Commanders he pleased and of constituting what Garisons he thought fit of the chief whereof I shall give you this following list A Particular of the Principal Garisons and the Governors of them constituted by my Lord. In Northumberland NEwcastle upon Tyne Sir Iohn Marley Knight Tynmouth-Castle and Sheilds Sir Thomas Riddal Knight In the Bishoprick of Durham Hartlepool Lieutenant Colonel Henry Lambton raby-Raby-Castle Sir William Savile Knight and Baronet In Yorkshire The City of York Sir Thomas Glenham Knight and Baronet and afterwards when he took the Field the Lord Io. Bellasyse Pomfret-Castle Colonel Mynn and after him Sir Io. Redman Sheffield-Castle Major Beamont Wortly-Hall Sir Francis Wortley Tickhill-Castle Major Mountney Doncaster Sir Francis Fane Knight of the Bath afterwards Governour of Lincoln Sandal-Castle Captain Bonivant Skipton-Castle Sir Iohn Mallary Baronet Bolton-Castle Mr. Scroope Hemsley-Castle Sir Iordan Crosland scarborough-Scarborough-Castle and Town Sir Hugh Chomley Stamford-Bridg Colonel Galbreth Hallifax Sir Francis Mackworth Tadcaster Sir Gamaliel Dudley Eyrmouth Major Kaughton In Cumberland The City of Carlisle Sir Philip Musgrave Knight and Baronet Cockermouth Colonel Kirby In Nottinghamshire Newark upon Trent Sir Iohn Henderson Knight and afterwards Sir Richard Byron Knight now Lord Byron Wyrton-House Colonel Rowland Hacker Welbeck Colonel Van Peire and after Colonel Beeton Shelford-House Col. Philip Stanhop In Lincolnshire The City of Lincoln first Sir Francis Fane Knight of the Bath secondly Sir Peregrine Bartu Gainsborough Colonel St. George bullingbrook-Bullingbrook-Castle Lieutenant Colonel Chester beluoir-Beluoir-Castle Sir Gervas Lucas In Derbyshire bolsover-Bolsover-Castle Colonel Muschamp Wingfield Mannor Colonel Roger Molyneux Staly-House the now Lord Fretchwile A LIST of the General OFFICERS of the ARMY 1. THe Lord General the now Duke of Newcastle the Noble Subject of this Book 2. The Lieutenant General of the Army first the Earl of Newport afterwards the Lord Eythin 3. The General of the Ordnance Charles Viscount Mansfield 4. The General of the Horse George Lord Goring 5. The Colonel General of the Army Sir Thomas Glenham 6. The Major General of the Army Sir Francis Mackworth 7. The Lieutenant General of the Horse First Mr. Charles Cavendish after him Sir Charles Lucas 8. Commissary General of Horse First Colonel Windham after him Sir William Throckmorton and after him Mr. George Porter 9. Lieutenant General of the Ordnance Sir William Davenant 10. Treasurer of the Army Sir William Carnaby 11. Advocate-General of the Army Dr. Liddal 12. Quarter-Master General of the Army Mr. Ralph Errington 13. Providore-General of the Army Mr. Gervas Nevil and after Mr. Smith 14. Scout-Master-General of the Army Mr. Hudson 15. Waggon-Master-General of the Army Baptist Iohnson William Lord Widdrington was President of the Council of War and Commander in chief of the three Counties of Lincoln Rutland and Nottingham and the forces there When my Lord marched with his Army to Newcastle against the Scots then the Lord Iohn Bellassis was constituted Governour of York and Commander in Chief or Lieutenant General of York-shire As for the rest of the Officers and Commanders of every particular Regiment and Company they being too numerous cannot well be remembred and therefore I shall give you no particular accompt of them 2. Of His Misfortunes and obstructions ALthough Nature had favour'd My Lord and endued him with the best Qualities and Perfections she could inspire into his soul yet Fortune hath ever been such an inveterate Enemy to him that she invented all the spight and malice against him that lay in her power and notwithstanding his prudent Counsels and Designs cast such obstructions in his way that he seldom proved successful but where he acted in Person And since I am not ignorant that this unjust and partial Age is apt to suppress the worth of meritorious persons and that many will endeavour to obscure my Lords noble Actions and Fame by casting unjust aspersions upon him and laying either out of ignorance or malice Fortunes envy to his charge I have purposed to represent these obstructions which conspired to render his good intentions and endeavours ineffectual and at last did work his ruine and destruction in these following particulars 1. At the time when the Kingdom became so infatuated as to oppose and pull down their Gracious King and Soveraign the Treasury was exhausted and no sufficient means to raise and maintain Armies to reduce his Majesties Rebellious Subjects so that My Lord had little to begin withal but what his own Estate would allow and his Interest procure him 2. When his late Majesty in the beginning of the unhappy Wars sent My Lord to Hull the strongest place in the Kingdom where the Magazine of Arms and Ammunition was kept and he by his prudence had gained it to his Majesties service My Lord was left to the mercy of the Parliament where he had surely suffered for it though he acted not without His Majesties Commission if some of the contrary party had not quitted him in hopes to gain him on their side 3. After His Majesty had sent My Lord to Newcastle upon Tyne to take upon him the Government of that place and he had raised there of Friends and Tenants a troup of Horse and Regiment of Foot which he ordered to conveigh some Arms and Ammunition to His Majesty sent by the Queen out of Holland His Majesty was pleased to keep the same Convoy with him to encrease his own Forces which although it was but of a small number yet at that present time it would have been very serviceable to my Lord he having then but begun to raise Forces 4. When Her Majesty the now Queen-Mother after her arrival out of Holland to York had a purpose to conveigh some Armes to His Majesty My Lord order'd a Party of 1500 to conduct the same which His Majesty was pleased to keep with him for his own
service 5. After Her Majesty had taken a resolution to go from York to Oxford where the King then was my Lord for Her safer conduct quitted 7000 men of his Army with a convenient Train of Artillery which likewise never returned to my Lord. 6. When the Earl of Montross was going into Scotland he went to my Lord at Durham and desired of him a supply of some Forces for His Majesties service where my Lord gave him 200 Horse and Dragoons even at such a time when he stood most in need of a supply himself and thought every day to encounter the Scottish Army 7. When my Lord out of the Northern parts went into Lincoln and Derby-shires with his Army to order and reduce them to their Allegiance and Duty to His Majesty and from thence resolved to march into the Associate Counties where in all porbability he would have made an happy end of the Warr he was so importuned by those he left behind him and particularly the Commander in Chief to return into York-shire alledging the Enemy grew strong and would ruine them all if he came not speedily to succour and assist them that in honour and duty he could do no otherwise but grant their Requests when as yet being returned into those parts he found them secure and safe enough from the Enemies Attempts 8. My Lord as heretofore mentioned had as great private Enemies about His Majesty as he had publick Enemies in the Field who used all the endeavour they could to pull him down 9. There was such Jugling Treachery and Falshood in his own Army and amongst some of his own Officers that it was impossible for my Lord to be prosperous and successful in his Designs and Undertakings 10. My Lord's Army being the chief and greatest Army which His Majesty had and in which consisted His prime Strength and Power the Parliament resolved at last to join all their Forces with the Army of the Scots which when it came out of Scotland was above Twenty thousand Men to oppose and if possible to ruine it well knowing that if they did pull down my Lord they should be Masters of all the Three Kingdoms so that there were Three Armies against One But although my Lord suffered much by the Negligence and sometimes Treachery of his Officers and was unfortunately called back into York-shire from his March he designed for the Associate Counties and was forced to part with a great number of his Forces and Ammunition as aforementioned yet he would hardly have been overcome and his Army ruined by the Enemy had he but had some timely supply and assistance at the Siege of York or that his Counsel had been taken in not fighting the Enemy then or that the Battel had been differ'd some two or three dayes longer until those Forces were arrived which he expected namely three thousand men out of Northumberland and Two thousand drawn out of several Garisons But the chief Misfortune was That the Enemy fell upon the Kings Forces before they were all put into a Battallia and took them at their great disadvantage which caused such a Panick fear amongst them that most of the Horse of the right Wing of His Majesty's Forces betook themselves to their heels insomuch that although the left Wing commanded by the Lord Goring and my Brother Sir Charles Lucas did their best endeavour and beat back the Enemy three times and My Lord 's own Regiment of Foot charged them so couragiously that they never broke but died most of them in their Ranks and Files yet the Power of the Enemy being too strong put them at last to a total rout and confusion Which unlucky disaster put an end to all future hopes of His Majesties Party so that my Lord seeing he had nothing left in his Power to do His Majesty any further service in that kind for had he stayed he would have been forced to surrender all those Towns and Garisons in those parts that were yet in His Majesties Devotion as afterwards it also happen'd resolved to quit the Kingdom as formerly is mentioned And these are chiefly the obstructions to the good success of my Lord's Designs in the late Civil Wars which being rightly considered will save him blameless from what otherwise would be laid to his charge for as according to the old saying 'T is easie for men to swim when they are held up by the chin So on the other side it is very dangerous and difficult for them to endeavour it when they are pulled down by the Heels and beaten upon their Heads 3. Of His Loyalty and Sufferings I dare boldly and justly say That there never was nor is a more Loyal and Faithful Subject then My Lord Not to mention the Trust he discharged in all those imployments which either King Iames or King Charles the First or His now Gracious Master King Charles the Second were pleased to bestow upon him which he performed with such care and fidelity that he never disobeyed their Commands in the least I will onely note 1. That he was the First that appear'd in Armes for His Majesty and engaged Himself and all his Friends he could for His Majesties Service and though he had but two Sons which were young and one onely Brother yet they all were with him in the Wars His two Sons had Commands but His Brother though he had no Command by reason of the weakness of his body yet he was never from My Lord when he was in action even to the last for he was the last with my Lord in the Field in that fatal Battel upon Hessom-moor near York and though my Brother Sir Charles Lucas desired my Lord to send his Sons away when the said Battel was fought yet he would not saying His Sons should shew their Loyalty and Duty to His Majesty in venturing their lives as well as Himself 2. My Lord was the chief and onely Person that kept up the Power of His late Majesty for when his Army was lost all the Kings Party was ruined in all three of his Majesties Kingdoms because in his Army lay the chief strength of all the Royal Forces it being the greatest and best formed Army which His Majesty had and the onely support both of his Majesties Person and Power and of the hopes of all his Loyal Subjects in all his Dominions 3. My Lord was 16 Years in Banishment and hath lost and suffered most of any subject that suffer'd either by War or otherways except those that lost their lives and even that he valued not but exposed it to so eminent dangers that nothing but Heavens Decree had ordained to save it 4. He never minded his own Interest more then his Loyaltie and Duty and upon that account never desired nor received any thing from the Crown to enrich himself but spent great sums in His Majesties Service so that after his long banishment and return into England I observed his ruined Estate was like an Earthquake and his
his famous Name Blood and Office of large Honours has been eminent in so many and so great Services performed to Us and Our Father of ever blessed memory that his Merits are still producing new effects We have decreed likewise to add more Honour to his former And though these his such eminent Actions which he hath faithfully and valiantly performed to Us Our Father and Our Kingdom speak loud enough in themselves yet since the valiant Services of a good Subject are always pleasant to remember We have thought fit to have them in part related for a good Example and Encouragement to Virtue The great proofs of his Wisdom and Piety are sufficiently known to Us from Our younger years and We shall alwayes retain a sense of those good Principles he instilled into Us the Care of Our Youth which he happily undertook for Our good he as faithfully and well discharged Our years growing up amidst bad Times and the harsh Necessities of Warr a new Charge and Care of Loyaltie the Kingdom and Religion call'd him off to make use of his further Diligence and Valour Rebellion spread abroad he levied Loyal Forces in great numbers opposed the Enemy won so many and so great Victories in the Field took in so many Towns Castles and Garisons as well in Our Northern parts as elsewhere and behaved himself with so great Courage and Valour in the defending also what he had got especially at the Siege of York which he maintain'd against three Potent Armies of Scots and English closely beleaguering and with emulation assaulting it for three Months till Relief was brought to the wonder and envy of the Enemy that if Loyal and Humane Force could have prevailed he had soon restored Fidelity Peace and his KING to the Nation which was then hurrying to Ruine by an unhappy Fate So that Rebellion getting the upper hand and no place being left for him to act further valiantly in for his King and Countrey he still retain'd the same Loyalty and Valour in suffering being an inseparable Follower of Our Exile during which sad Catastrophe his whole Estate was sequestred and sold from him and his Person alwayes one of the first of those few who were excepted both for Life and Estate which was offer'd to all others Besides his Virtues are accompanied with a Noble Blood being of a Family by each Stock equally adorn'd and endow'd with great Honours and Riches For which Reasons We have resolv'd to grace the said Marquess with a new Mark of our Favour he being every way deserving of it as one who lov'd vertue equal to his Noble Birth and possess'd Patrimonies suitable to both as long as loyalty had any place to shew it self in our Realm which possessions he so well employ'd and at last for Us and Our Fathers service lost till he was with Us restor'd Know therefore c. 4. Of his Prudence and Wisdom MY Lord's Prudence and Wisdom hath been sufficiently apparent both in his Publick and Private Actions and Imployments for he hath such a Natural Inspection and Judicious Observation of things that he sees beforehand what will come to pass and orders his affairs accordingly To which purpose I cannot but mention that Laud the then Archbishop of Canterbury between whom and my Lord interceded a great and intire Friendship which he confirmed by a Legacy of a Diamond to the value of 200 l. left to my Lord when he died which was much for him to bequeath for though he was a great Statesman and in favour with his late Majesty yet he was not covetous to hoard up wealth but bestowed it rather upon the Publick repairing the Cathedral of St. Pauls in London which had God granted him life he would certainly have beautified and rendred as famous and glorious as any in Christendom This said Arch-Bishop was pleased to tell His late Majesty that my Lord was one of the Wisest and Prudentest Persons that ever he was acquainted with For further proof I cannot pass by that my Lord told His late Majesty King Charles the First and Her Majesty the now Queen-Mother some time before the Wars That he observed by the humours of the People the approaching of a Civil War and that His Majesties Person would be in danger of being deposed if timely care was not taken to prevent it Also when my Lord was at Antwerp the Marquess of Montross before he went into Scotland gave my Lord a Visit and acquainted him with his intended Journey asking my Lord whether he was not also going for England My Lord answer'd He was ready to do His Majesty what service he could and would shun no opportunity where he perceived he could effect something to His Majesties advantage Nay said he if His Majesty should be pleased to Command my single Person to go against the whole Army of the Enemy although I was sure to lose my life yet out of a Loyal Duty to His Majesty and in Obedience to his Commands I should never refufe it But to venture said he the life of my Friends and to betray them in a desperate action without any probability of doing the least good to His Majesty would be a very unjust and unconscionable act for my Friends might perhaps venture with me upon an implicite Faith that I was so honest as not to engage them without a firm and solid foundation but I wanting that as having no Ships Armes Ammunition Provision Forts and places of Rendezvous and what is the chief thing Money To what purpose would it be to draw them into so hazardous an Action but to seek their ruine and destruction without the least benefit to His Majesty Then the Marquess of Montross asked my Lord's Advice and what he should do in such a case My Lord answer'd That he knowing best his own Countrey Power and Strength and what probability he had of Forces and other Necessaries for Warr when he came into Scotland could give himself the best advice but withall told him That if he had no Provision nor Ammunition Armes and places of Rendezvous for his men to meet and join he would likely be forced to hide his head and suffer for his rash undertaking Which unlucky Fate did also accordingly befall that worthy Person These passages I mention to no other end but to declare my Lord's Judgment and Prudence in worldly Affairs whereof there are so many that if I should set them all down it would swell this History to a big Volume They may in some sort be gather'd from his actions mentioned heretofore especially the ordering of his affairs in the time of Warr with such Conduct Prudence and Wisdom that notwithstanding at the beginning of his Undertaking that great Trust and honourable Employment which His late Majesty was pleased to confer upon him he saw so little appearance of performing his Designs with good success His Majesty's Revenues being then much weakned and the Magazines and publick Purse in the Enemies Power besides several other
obstructions and hinderances yet as he undertook it chearfully and out of pure Loyalty and Obedience to His Majesty so he ordered it so wisely that so long as he acted by his own Counsels and was personally present at the execution of his Designs he was always prosperous in his Success And although he had so great an Army as aforementioned yet by his wise and prudent Conduct there appear'd no visible sign of devastation in any of the Countreys where he marched for first he setled a constant Rule for the Regular levy of money for the convenient Maintenance of the Soldiery Next he constituted such Officers of his Army that most of them were known to be Gentlemen of large and fair Estates which drew a good part of their private Revenues to serve and support them in their publick Employments wherein my Lord did lead them the way by his own good Example To which may be added his wisdom in ordering the Government of the Church for the advancement of the Orthodox Religion and suppression of Factions as also in Coyning Printing Knighting and the like which he used with great discretion and prudence onely for the Interest of His Majesty and the benefit of the Kingdom as formerly has been mentioned The Prudent mannage of his private and domestick affairs appears sufficiently 1. In his Marriage 2. In the ordering and increasing his Estate before the Wars which notwithstanding his Noble House-keeping and Hospitality and his Generous Bounty and Charity he increased to the value of 100000 l. 3. In the ordering his Affairs in the time of Banishment where although he received not the least of his own estate during all the time of his exile until his return yet maintained himself handsomely and nobly according to his Quality as much as his Condition at that time would permit 4. In reducing his torn and ruined Estate after his return which beyond all probability himself hath setled and order'd so that his Posterity will have reason gratefully to remember it In short Although my Lord naturally loves not business especially those of State though he understands them as well as any body yet what business or affairs he cannot avoid none will do them better then himself His private affairs he orders without any noise or trouble not over-hastily but wisely Neither is he passionate in acting of business but hears patiently and orders soberly and pierces into the heart or bottom of a business at the first encounter but before all things he considers well before he undertakes a business whether he be able to go through it or no for he never ventures upon either publick or private business beyond his strength And here I cannot forbear to mention that my Noble Lord when he was in banishment presumed out of his Duty and Love to his Gracious Master our now Soveraign King Charles the Second to write and send him a little Book or rather a Letter wherein he delivered his Opinion concerning the Government of his Dominions whensoever God should be pleased to restore him to his Throne together with some other Notes and Observations of Foreign States and Kingdoms but it being a private offer to His sacred Majesty I dare not presume to publish it 5. Of His Blessings ALthough my Lord hath been one of the most Unfortunate Persons of his Rank and Quality which this later age did produce yet Heaven hath been so propitious to him that it bestowed some blessings upon him even in the midst of his Misfortunes and supported him against Fortunes Malice which otherwise as it seems had designed his total ruine and destruction Of these Blessings I may name in the first place 1. The Royal Favours of His Gracious Soveraign's and the good esteem they had of his Fidelity and Loyalty which as it was the chief of his endeavours so he esteemed it above all the rest To repeat them particularly would be too tedious and they are sufficiently apparent out of the precedent History onely this I may add that King Charles the First out of a singular Favour to my Lord was pleased upon his most humble request to create several Noble-men the Names of them left I commit an offence I shall not mention by reason most men usually pretend such claimes upon the Ground of their own Merit 2. That God was pleased to bless him with Wealth and Power to enable him the better for the service of his King and Country 3. That he made him happy in his Marriage for his first Wife was a very kind loving and Virtuous Lady and bless'd him with Dutiful and Obedient Children free from Vices Noble and Generous both in ther Natures and Actions who did all that lay in their power to support and relieve my Lord their Father in his Banishment as before is mentioned 4. The Kindness and Civility which my Lord received from Strangers and the Inhabitants of those places where he lived during the time of his Banishment for had it not been for them he would have perished in his extream wants but it pleased God so to provide for him that although he wanted an Estate yet he wanted not Credit and although he was banished and forsaken by his own Friends and Country-men yet he was civilly received and relieved by strangers until God bless'd him Lastly With a happy return to his Native Country his dear Children and his own Estate which although he found much ruined and broke yet by his Prudence and Wisdom hath order'd as well as he could and I hope and pray God to add this blessing to all the rest That he may live long to encrease it for the benefit of his Posterity 6. Of his Honours and Dignities THe Honours Titles and Dignities which were conferr'd upon my Lord by King Iames King Charles the First and King Charles the Second partly as an encouragement for future Service and a Reward for past are following 1. He was made Knight of the Bath when he was but 15 or 16 years of Age at the Creation of Henry Prince of Wales King Iames's Eldest Son 2. King Iames Created him Viscount Mansfield and Baron of Bolsover 3. King Charles the First constituted him Lord Lieutenant of Nottinghamshire and 4. Lord Warden of the Forrest of Sherwood as also 5. Lord Lieutenant of Derby-shire 6. He chose him Governour to His Son Charles our now gracious King and 7. Made him one of his Honourable Privy Council 8. He constituted him Governour of the Town and County of Newcastle and General of all His Majesties Forces raised and to be raised in the Northern parts of England as also of the several Counties of Nottingham Lincoln Rutland Derby Stafford Leicester Warwick Northampton Huntington Cambridg Norfolk Sussex Essex and Hereford together with all the Appurtenances belonging to so great a Power as is formerly declared 9. He conferr'd upon him the Honour and Title of Earl of Newcastle and Baron of Bothal and Hepple 10. He created him Marquess of Newcastle 11. His
to believe there were none by reason they would themselves confess it if strictly examined To which my Lord answer'd That though for his part he cared not whether there were Witches or no yet his Opinion was That the Confession of Witches and their suffering for it proceeded from an Erroneous Belief viz. That they had made a Contract with the Devil to serve him for such Rewards as were in his Power to give them and that it was their Religion to worship and adore him in which Religion they had such a firm and constant belief that if any thing came to pass according to their desire they believed the Devil had heard their prayers and granted their requests for which they gave him thanks but if things fell out contrary to their prayers and desires then they were troubled at it fearing they had offended him or not served him as they ought and asked him forgiveness for their offences Also said my Lord they imagine that their Dreams are real exterior actions for example if they dream they flye in the Air or out of the Chimney top or that they are turned into several shapes they believe no otherwise but that it is really so And this wicked Opinion makes them industrious to perform such Ceremonies to the Devil that they adore and worship him as their God and chuse to live and dye for him Thus my Lord declared himself concerning Witches which Mr. Hobbes was also pleased to insert in his fore-mentioned Book But yet my Lord doth not count this Opinion of his so universal as if there were none but imaginary Witches for he doth not speak but of such a sort of Witches as make it their Religion to worship the Devil in the manner aforesaid Nor doth he think it a Crime to entertain what Opinion seems most probable to him in things indifferent for in such cases men may discourse and argue as they please to exercise their Wit and may change and alter their Opinions upon more probable Grounds and Reasons whereas in Fundamental matters both of Church and State he is so strict an Adherent to them that he will never maintain or defend such Opinions which are in the least prejudicial to either One proof more I 'le add to confirm his Natural Understanding and Judgment which was upon some Discourse I held with him one time concerning that famous Chymist Van Helmont who in his Writings is very invective against the School-men and amongst the rest accuses them for taking the Radical moisture for the fat of Animal Bodies Whereupon my Lord answer'd That surely the Schoolmen men were too wise to commit such an Error for said he the Radical moisture is not the fat or tallow of an Animal but an Oily and Balsamous Substance for the fat and tallow as also the watery parts are cold whereas the Oily and Balsamous parts have at all times a lively heat which makes that those Creatures which have much of that Oyle or Balsom are long-liv'd and appear young and not onely Animals but also Vegetables which have much of that Oyle or Balsom as Ivy Bayes Laurel Holly and the like live long and appear fresh and green not onely in Winter but when they are old Then I ask'd my Lord's Opinion concerning the Radical heat To which he answer'd That the Radical heat lived in the Radical moisture and when the one decayed the other decayed also and then was produced either an unnatural heat which caused an unnatural dryness or an unnatural moisture which caused Dropsies and these an unnatural coldness Lastly His Natural Wit appears by his delight in Poetry for I may justly call him the best Lyrick and Dramatick Poet of this Age His Comedies do sufficiently shew his great Observation and Judgment for they are composed of these three Ingredients viz. Wit Humour and Satyre and his chief Design in them is to divulge and laugh at the follies of Mankind to persecute Vice and to encourage Virtue 10. Of his Natural Humour and Disposition MY Lord may justly be compared to Titus the Deliciae of Mankind by reason of his sweet gentle and obliging Nature for though his Wisdom and Experience found it impossible to please all men because of their different humours and dispositions yet his Nature is such that he will be sorry when he seeth that men are displeased with him out of their own ill Natures without any cause for he loves all that are his Friends and hates none that are his Enemies He is a Loyal Subject a kind Husband a Loving Father a Generous Master and a Constant Friend His natural Love to his Parents has been so great that I have heard him say he would most willingly and without the lest repining have begg'd for his daily relief so God would but have let his Parents live He is true and just both in his words and actions and has no mean or petty Designs but they are all just and honest He condemns not upon Report but upon Proof nor judges by Words but Actions he forgets not past Service for present Advantage but gives a present Reward to a present Desert He hath a great Power over his Passions and hath had the greatest tryals thereof for certainly He must of necessity have a great share of Patience that can forgive so many falfe treacherous malicious and ungrateful Persons as he hath done but he is so wise that his Passion never out-runs his Patience nor his Extravagancies his Prudence and although his Private Enemies have been numerous yet I verily believe there is never a subject more generally beloved then He is He hates Pride and loves Humility is civil to Strangers kind to his Acquaintance and respectful to all persons according to their Quality He never regards Place except it be for Ceremony To the meanest person he 'll put off his Hat and suffer every body to speak to him He never refuses any Petition but accepts them and being informed of the business will give a just and as much as lies in him a favourable answer to the Petitioning Party He easily Pardons and bountifully Rewards and always praises particular mens Virtues but covers their Faults with silence He is full of Charity and Compassion to persons that are in misery and full of Clemency and Mercy in so much that when he was General of a great Army he would never sit in Council himself upon Causes of Life and Death but granted Pardon to many Delinquents that were condemned by his Council of War so that some were forced to Petition him not to do it by reason it was an ill president for others To which my Lord merrily answer'd That if they did hang all they would leave him none to fight His Courage he always shew'd in Action more then in Words for he would Fight but not Rant He is not Vain-glorious to heighten or brag of his Heroick Actions Witness that great Victory upon Atherton-moor after which he would not suffer his Trumpets to
sound but came quietly and silently into the City of York for which he would certainly have been blamed by those that make a great noise upon small causes and love to be applauded though their actions little deserve it His noble Bounty and Generosity is so manifest to all the World that I should light a Candle to the Sun if I should strive to illustrate it for he has no self-designs or self-interest but will rather wrong and injure himself then others To give you but one proof of this noble Vertue it is known that where he hath a legal right to Felons Goods as he hath in a great part of his Estate yet he never took or exacted more then some inconsiderable share for acknowledgment of his Right saying That he was resolved never to grow rich by other mens misfortunes In short I know him not addicted to any manner of Vice except that he has been a great lover and admirer of the Female Sex which whether it be so great a crime as to condemn him for it I 'le leave to the judgment of young Gallants and beautiful Ladies 11. Of His outward Shape and Behaviour HIs Shape is neat and exactly proportioned his Stature of a middle size and his Complexion sanguine His Behaviour is such that it might be a Pattern for all Gentlemen for it is Courtly Civil easie and free without Formality or Constraint and yet hath something in it of grandure that causes an awful respect towards him 12. Of His Discourse HIs Discourse is as free and unconcerned as his Behaviour Pleasant Witty and Instructive He is quick in Reparties or sudden answers and hates dubious disputes and premeditated Speeches He loves also to intermingle his Discourse with some short pleasant stories and witty sayings and always names the Author from whom he hath them for he hates to make another man's Wit his own 13. Of His HABIT HE accouters his Person according to the Fashion if it be one that is not troublesome and uneasie for men of Heroick Exercises and Actions He is neat and cleanly which makes him to be somewhat long in dressing though not so long as many effeminate persons are He shifts ordinarily once a day and every time when he uses Exercise or his temper is more hot then ordinary 14. Of His DIET IN his Diet he is so sparing and temperate that he never eats nor drinks beyond his set proportion so as to satisfie onely his natural appetite He makes but one Meal a day at which he drinks two good Glasses of Small-Beer one about the beginning the other at the end thereof and a little Glass of Sack in the middle of his Dinner which Glass of Sack he also uses in the morning for his Breakfast with a Morsel of Bread His Supper consists of an Egg and a draught of Small-beer And by this Temperance he finds himself very healthful and may yet live many years he being now of the Age of Seventy three which I pray God from my soul to grant him 15. His Recreation and Exercise HIS prime Pastime and Recreation hath always been the Exercise of Mannage and Weapons which Heroick Arts he used to practise every day but I observing that when he had over-heated himself he would be apt to take cold prevail'd so far that at last he left the frequent use of the Mannage using nevertheless still the Exercise of Weapons and though he doth not ride himself so frequently as he hath done yet he takes delight in seeing his Horses of Mannage rid by his Escuyers whom he instructs in that Art for his own pleasure But in the Art of Weapons in which he has a method beyond all that ever were famous in it found out by his own Ingenuity and Practice he never taught any body but the now Duke of Buckingham whose Guardian He hath been and his own two Sons The rest of his time he spends in Musick Poetry Architecture and the like 16. Of His Pedigree HAving made promise in the beginning of the first Book that I would join a more large Description of the Pedigree of my Noble Lord and Husband to the end of the History of his life I shall now discharge my self and though I could derive it from a longer time and reckon up a great many of his Ancestors even from the time of William the Conqueror He being descended from the most ancient family of the Gernouns as Cambden relates in his Britannia in the Description of Derbyshire yet it being a work fitter for Heralds I shall proceed no further then his Grandfather and shew you onely those noble Families which my Lord is allied to by his Birth My Lord's Grandfather by his Father as is formerly mentioned was Sir William Cavendish Privy-Counsellor and Treasurer of the Chamber to King Henry the Eighth Edward the Sixth and Queen Mary who married two Wives by the first he had onely two Daughters but by the second Elizabeth who was my Lords Grandmother he had three Sons and four Daughters whereof one Daughter died young She was Daughter to Iohn Hardwick of Hardwick in the County of Derby Esq and had four Husbands The first was Barlow Esq who died before they were bedded together they being both very young The second was Sir William Cavendish my Lord's Grandfather who being somewhat in years married her chiefly for her beauty she had so much power in his affection that she perswaded him to sell his Estate which he had in the Southern parts of England for he was very rich and buy an Estate in the Northern parts viz. in Derbyshire and thereabout where her own friends and kindred liv'd which he did and having there setled himself upon her further perswasion built a Mannor-house in the same County call'd Chattesworth which as I have heard cost first and last above 80000 l. sterling But before this House was finish'd he died and left six Children viz. three Sons and three Daughters which before they came to be marriageable she married a third Husband Sir William St Loo Captain of the Guard to Queen Elizabeth and Grand Butler of England who dying without Issue she married a fourth Husband George Earl of Shrewsbury by whom she left no Issue The Children which she had by her second Husband Sir William Cavendish being grown marriageable the eldest Son Henry married Grace the youngest Daughter of his Father in Law the said George Earl of Shrewsbury which he had by his former Wife Gertrude Daughter of Thomas Manners Earl of Rutland but died without Issue The second Son William after Earl of Devonshire had two Wives the first was an Heiress by whom he had Children but all died save one Son whose name was also William Earl of Devonshire His second Wife was Widdow to Sir Edward Wortly who had several Children by her first Husband and but one Son by the said Will. Cavendish after Earl of Devonshire who dyed young His Son by his first Wife William Earl of Devonshire
and one daughter whereof the eldest son Thomas since the Restauration of King Charles the Second was restored to the Dignity of his Ancestors viz. Duke of Norfolk next to the Royal Family the first Duke of England And this is briefly the Pedigree of my dear Lord and Husband from his Grandfather by his Fathers side concerning his Kindred and alliances by his Mother who was Katherine Daughter to Cuthbert Lord Ogle they are so many that it is impossible for me to enumerate them all My Lord being by his Mother related to the chief of the most ancient Families of Northumberland and other the Northern parts onely this I may mention that My Lord is a Peer of the Realm from the first year of King Edward the Fourth his Reign THE FOURTH BOOK Containing several Essays and Discourses Gather'd from the Mouth of MY NOBLE LORD and HVSBAND With some few Notes of mine own I have heard My Lord say I. THat those which command the Wealth of a Kingdom command the hearts and hands of the People II. That He is a great Monarch who hath a Soveraign Command over Church Laws and Armes and He a wise Monarch that imploys his subjects for their own profit for their profit is his encourages Tradesmen and assists and defends Merchants III. That it is a part of Prudence in a Commonwealth or Kingdom to encourage drayners for drowned Lands are onely fit to maintain and encrease some wild Ducks whereas being drained they are able to afford nourishment and food to Cattel besides the producing of several sorts of Fruit and Corn. IV. That without a well order'd force a Prince doth but reign upon the courtesie of others V. That great Princes should not suffer their chief Cities to be stronger then themselves VI. That great Princes are half-armed when their subjects are unarmed unless it be in time of Foreign Wars VII That that Prince is richest who is Master of the Purse and he strongest that is Master of the Armes and he wisest that can tell how to save the one and use the other VIII That Great Princes should be the onely Pay-Masters of their Soldiers and pay them out of their own Treasuries for all men follow the Purse and so they 'l have both the Civil and Martial Power in their hands IX That Great Monarchs should rather study men then Books for all affairs or business are amongst Men. X. That a Prince should advance Foreign Trade or Traffick to the utmost of his Power because no State or Kingdom can be Rich without it and where Subjects are poor the Soveraign can have but little XI That Trade and Traffick brings Honey to the Hive that is to say Riches to the Commonwealth whereas other Professions are so far from that that they rather rob the Commonwealth instead of enriching it XII That it is not so much unseasonable Weather that makes the Countrey complain of Scarcity but want of Commerce for whensoever Commodities are cheap it is a sign that Commerce is decayed because the cheapness of them shews a scarcity of money for example put the case five men came to Market to buy a Horse and each of them had no more but ten pounds the Seller can receive no more then what the Buyer has but must content himself with those ten pounds if he be necessitated to sell his Horse But if each one of the Buyers had an hundred pounds to lay out for a Horse the Seller might receive as much Thus Commodities are cheap or dear according to the plenty or scarcity of money and though we had Mynes of Gold and Silver at home and no Traffick into Foreign parts yet we should want necessaries from other Nations which proves that no Nation can live or subsist well without Foreign Trade and Commerce for God and Nature have order'd it so That no particular Nation is provided with all things XIII That Merchants by carrying out more Commodities then they bring in that is to say by selling more then they buy do enrich a State or Kingdom with money that hath none in its own bowels but what Kingdom or State soever hath Mynes of Gold and Silver there Merchants buy more then they sell to furnish and accommodate it with necessary provisions XIV That debasing and setting a higher value upon money is but a present shift of poor and needy Princes and doth more hurt for the future then good for the present XV. That Foraign Commerce causes frequent Voyages and frequent Voyages make skilful and experienced Sea-men and Skilful Seamen are a Brazen Wall to an Island XVI That he is the Powerfullest Monarch that hath the best shipping and that a Prince should hinder his Neighbours as much as he can from being strong at Sea XVII That wise States-men ought to understand the Laws Customes and Trade of the Commonwealth and have good intelligence both of Foraign Transactions and Designs and of Domestick Factions also they ought to have a Treasury and well-furnished Magazine XVIII That it is a great matter in a State or Kingdom to take care of the Education of Youth to breed them so that they may know first how to obey and then how to command and order affairs wisely XIX That it is great Wisdom in a State to breed and train up good States men As first To let them be some time at the Universities Next To put them to the Innes of Court that they may have some knowledg of the Laws of the Land then to send them to travel with some Ambassador in the quality of Secretary and let them be Agents or Residents in Foraign Countreys Fourthly To make them Clerks of the Signet or Council And lastly To make them Secretaries of State or give them some other Employment in State-Affairs XX. That there should be more Praying and less Preaching for much Preaching breeds Faction but much Praying causes Devotion XXI That young people should be frequently Catechised and that Wise Men rather then Learned should be chosen heads of Schools and Colledges XXII That the more divisions there are in Church and State the more trouble and confusion is apt to ensue Wherefore too many Controversies and Disputes in the one and too many Law-Cases and Pleadings in the other ought to be avoided and suppressed XXIII That Disputes and Factions amongst States-men are fore-runners of future disorders if not total ruines XXIV That all Books of Controversies should be writ in Latin that none but the Learned may read them and that there should be no Disputations but in Schools lest it breed Factions amongst the Vulgar for Disputations and Controversies are a kind of Civil War maintained by the Pen and often draw out the sword soon after Also that all Prayer-Books should be writ in the native Language that Excommunications should not be too frequent for every little and petty trespass that every Clergy-man should be kind and loving to his Parishioners not proud and quarrelsome XXV That Ceremony is nothing in
Prudence and assault with Courage and kill their Enemies by Art not trusting their Lives to Chance or Fortune for as a little man with skill may easily kill an ignorant Giant so a small Army that hath experienced Commanders may easily overcome a great Army that hath none L. That Gallant men having no employment for Heroick Actions become lazy as hating any other business whereas Cowards and base persons are onely active and stirring in times of Peace working ill designs to breed Factions and cause disturbances in a Common-wealth LI. That there have been many Questions and Disputes concerning the Governments of Princes as Whether they ought to govern by Love or Fear But the best way of Government is and has alwayes been by just Rewards and Punishments for that State which cannot tell how and when to punish and reward does not know how to govern by reason all the World is governed that way LII That if the ancienr Britains had had skill according to their Courage they might have conquer'd all the World as the Romans did LIII That it would be very beneficial for great Princes to be sometimes present in Courts of Judicature to examine the Causes of their poor Subjects and find out the Extortions and Corruptions of Magistrates and Officers by which glorious Act they would gain much Love and Fame from the People LIV. That it would be very advantagious for Subjects and not in the least prejudicial to the Soveraign to have a general Register in every County for the Entry of all manner of Deeds and Conveyance of Land between party and party and Offices of Record for by this means whosoever buyes would see clearly what Interest and Title there is in any Land he intends to purchase whereby he shall be assur'd that the Sale made to him is good and firm and prevent many Law-suits touching the Title of his Purchase LV. That there should be a Limitation for Law-Suits and that the longest Suit should not last above two Tearms at length not above a Year which would certainly be a great benefit to the Subjects in general though not to Lawyers and though some Polititians object That the more the people is busie about their private Affairs the less time have they to make disturbanee in the publick yet this is but a weak Argument since Law-suits are as apt to breed Factions as any thing else for they bring people into poverty that they know not how to live which must of necessity breed discontent and put them upon ill designs LVI That Power for the most part does more then Wisdom for Fools with Power seem wise whereas wise men without Power seem Fools and this is the reason that the World takes Power for Wisdom and the want of Power for Foolishness LVII That a valiant man will not refuse an honourable Duel nor a wise man fight upon a Fools Quarrel LVIII That men are apt to find fault with each other's actions believing they prove themselves wise in finding fault with their Neighbours LIX That a wise man will draw several occasions to the point of his design as a Burning-Glass doth the several beams of the Sun LX. That although actions may be prudently designed and valiantly performed yet none can warrant the issue for Fortune is more powerful then Prudence and had Caesar not been fortunate his Valour and Prudence would never have gained him so much applause LXI That ill Fortune makes wise and honest men seem Fools and Kanves but good Fortune makes Fools and Knaves seem wise and honest men LXII That ill Fortune doth oftner succeed good then good Fortune succeeds ill for those that have ill Fortune do not so easily recover it as those that have good Fortune are apt to lose it LXIII That he had observed That seldom any person did laugh but it was at the follies or misfortunes of other men by which we may judg of their good natures LXIV I have heard my Lord say That when he was in Banishment He had nothing left him but a clear Conscience by which he had and did still conquer all the Armies of misfortunes that ever seized upon him LXV Also I have heard him say That he was never beholding to Lady Fortune for he had suffered on both sides although he never was but on one side LXVI I have heard him say That his Father one time upon some discourse of expences should tell him It was but just that every man should have his time LXVII I have heard my Lord say That bold soliciting and intruding men shall gain more by their importunate Petitions then modest honest men shall get by silence as being loath to offend or be too troublesome both in the manner and matter of their requests The reason is said he That Great Princes will rather grant sometimes an unreasonable suit then be tired with frequent Petitions and hindered from their ordinary Pleasures And when I asked my Lord whether the Grants of such importunate suits were fitly and properly placed He answered Not so well as those that are placed upon due consideration and upon trial and proof LXVIII I have heard my Lord say That it is a great Error and weak Policy in a State to advance their Enemies and endeavour to make them friends by bribing them with Honours and Offices saying They are shrewd men and may do the State much hurt And on the otherside to neglect their Friends and those that have done them great service saying they are Honest men and mean the State no harm For this kind of Policy comes from the Heathen who pray'd to the Devil and not to God by reason they supposed God was Good and would hurt no Creature but the Devil they flatter'd and worshipp'd out of fear lest he should hurt them But by this foolish Policy said he they most commonly encrease their Enemies and lose their Friends for first it teaches men to observe that the onely way to Preferment is to be against the State or Government Next Since all that are Factious cannot be rewarded or preferr'd by reason a State hath more Subjects then Rewards or Preferments there must of necessity be numerous Enemies for when their hopes of Reward fail them they grow more Factious and Inveterate then ever they were at first Wherefore the best Policy in a State or Government said my Lord is to reward Friends and punish Enemies and prefer the Honest before the Factious and then all will be real Friends and profer their honest service either out of pure Love and Loyalty or in hopes of Advancement seeing there is none but by serving the State LXIX I have heard him say several times That his love to his gracious Master King Charles the Second was above the love he bore to his Wife Children and all his Posterity nay to his own life And when since His Return into England I answer'd him That I observed His Gracious Master did not love him so well as he lov'd Him
he replied That he cared not whether His Majesty lov'd him again or not for he was resolved to love him LXX I asking my Lord one time What kind of Fate it was that restored our Gracious King Charles the Second to His Throne He answer'd It was a blessed kind of Fate I replied That I had observed a perfect contrariety between the Fortunes of His Royal Father of blessed memory and Him for as there was a division amongst the generality of the people in the Reign of King Charles the First tending to His Destruction so there was a general Combination and Agreement between them in King Charles the Second His Restauration and as there was a general malice amongst the people against the Father to Depose Him so there was a general Love for the Son to Enthrone Him My Lord answer'd I had observed something but not all for said he there was a Necessity for the people to desire and Restore King Charles the Second but there was no Necessity to Murder King Charles the First For the Kingdom being through so many Alterations and Changes of Government divided into several Factions and Parties was at last hurried into such a Confusion that it was impossible in that manner to subsist or hold out any longer Which Confusion having opened the Peoples Eyes the generality being tyred with the evil effects and consequences of their unsetled Governments under unjust Usurpers and frightned with the apprehension of future dangers began to call to mind the happy Times when in an uninterrupted Peace they enjoyed their own under the happy Reign of their Lawful Soveraigns and hereupon with an unanimous consent Recall'd and Restor'd our now gracious King which although it was opposed by some Factious Parties yet the generality of the people outweigh'd the rest neither was the Royal Party wanting in their endeavours LXXI Asking my Lord one time Whether it was easie or difficult to govern a State or Kingdom He answer'd me That most States were govern'd by secret Policy and so with difficulty for those that govern are at least should be wiser then the State or Commonwealth they govern I replied That in my opinion a State was easily govern'd if their Government was like unto God's that is to say If Governours did Reward and Punish according to the desert My Lord answer'd I said well but he added the Follies of the People are many times too hard for the Prudence of the Governour like as the sins of men work more evil effects in them then the Grace of God works good for if this were not there would be more good then bad which alas Experience proves otherwise LXXII Some Gentlemen making a complaint to my Lord That some he employed in His Majesty's Affairs were too hasty and over-busie My Lord told them That he would rather chuse such persons for His Majesties service as were over-active then such that would be fuller of Questions then Actions The same he would do for his own particular affairs LXXIII Some condemning My Lord for having Roman Catholicks and Scots in his Army He answered them that he did not examine their Opinions in Religion but look'd more upon their Honesty and Duty for certainly there were honest men and loyal Subjects amongst Roman Catholicks as well as Protestants and amongst Scots as well as English Nevertheless my Lord as he was for the King so he was also for the Orthodox Church of England as sufficiently appears by the care he took in ordering the Church-Government mentioned in the History To which purpose when my Lord was walking one time with some of His Officers in the Church at Durham and wonder'd at the greatness and strength of the Pillars that supported that structure My Brother Sir Charles Lucas who was then with him told my Lord that he must confess those Pillars were very great and of a vast strength But said he Your Lordship is a far greater Pillar of the Chureh then all these Which certainly was also a real truth and would have more evidently appear'd had Fortune favour'd my Lord more then she did LXXIV My Lord being in Banishment I told him that he was happy in his misfortunes for he was not subject to any State or Prince To which he jestingly answer'd That as he was subject to no Prince so he was a Prince of no Subjects LXXV In some Discourse which I had with my Lord concerning Princes and their Subjects I declared that I had observed Great Princes were not like the Sun which sends forth out of it self Rays of Light and Beams of Heat effects that did both glorifie the Sun and nourish and comfort sublunary Creatures but their glory and splendor proceeded rather from the Ceremony which they received from their subjects To which my Lord answer'd That Subjects were so far from giving splendor to their Princes that all the Honours and Titles in which consists the chief splendor of a subject were principally derived from them for said he were there no Princes there would be none to confer Honours and Titles upon them LXXVI My Lord entertaining one time some Gentlemen with a merry Discourse told them that he would not keep them Company except they had done and sufferd as much for their King and Country as he had They answer'd That they had not a power answerable to my Lords My Lord replied They should do their endeavour according to their Abilities No said they if we did we should be like your Self lose all and get but little for our pains LXXVII I being much grieved that my Lord for his loyalty and honest Service had so many Enemies used sometimes to speak somewhat sharply of them but he gently reproving me said I should do like experienced Sea-men and as they either turn their Sails with the wind or take them down so should I either comply with Time or abate my Passion LXXVIII A Soldiers Wife whose Husband had been slain in my Lord's Army came one time to beg some relief of my Lord who told her That he was not able to relieve all that had been loyal to His Majesty for said he My losses are so many that if I should give away the remainder of my Estate my Wife and Children would have nothing to live on She answer'd That His Majesty's Enemies were preferr'd to great Honours and had much Wealth Then it is a sign replied my Lord that your Husband and I were Honest Men. LXXIX A Friend of my Lord's complaining that he had done the State much Service but received little Reward for it my Lord answer'd him That States did not usually reward past Services but if he could do some present Service he might perhaps get something but said he those men are wisest that will be paid before-hand LXXX I observing that in the late Civil Warrs many were desirous to be employed in States Affairs and at the noise of Warr endeavoured to be Commanders though but of small Parties asked my Lord the reason thereof
and what advantage they could make by their Employments My Lord smilingly answer'd That for the generality he knew not what they could get but danger loss and labour for their pains Then I ask'd him Whether Generals of Great Armies were ever enriched by their Heroick Exploits and great Victories My Lord answer'd That ordinary Commanders gained more and were better rewarded then great Generals To which I added That I had observ'd the same in Histories namely That men of great Merit and Power had not onely no Rewards but were either found fault withall or laid aside when they had no more business or employment for them and that I could not conceive any reason for it but that States were afraid of their Power My Lord answer'd The reason was That it was far more easie to reward Under-Officers then Great Commanders LXXXI My Lord having since the Return from his Banishment set up a Race of Horses instead of those he lost by the Warrs uses often to ride through his Park to see his Breed One time it chanced when he went thorough it that he espied some labouring-men sawing of Woods that were blown down by the Wind for some particular uses at vvhich my Lord turning to his Attendants said That he had been at that Work a great part of his life They not knovving vvhat my Lord meant but thinking he jested I speak very seriously added he and not in jest for you see that this Tree which is blown down by the Wind although it was sound and strong yet it could not withstand its force and now it is down it must be cut in pieces and made serviceable for several uses whereof some will serve for Building some for Paling some for Firing c. In the like manner said he have I been cut down by the Lady Fortune and being not able to resist so Powerful a Princess I have been forced to make the best use of my Misfortunes as the Chips of my Estate LXXXII My Lord discoursing one time with some of his Friends of judging of other mens Natures Dispositions and Actions and some observing that men could not possibly know or judg of them the events of mens actions falling out oftentimes contrary to their intentions so that where they hit once they fail'd twenty times in their Judgments My Lord answer'd That his Judgment in that point seldom did miss although he thought it weaker then theirs The reason is said he Because I judg most men to be like my self that is to say Fools when as you do judg them all according to your self that is Wise men and since there are more Fools in the World then Wise men I may sooner guess right then you for though my judgment roves at random yet it can never miss of Errors which yours will never do except you can dive into other mens Follies by the length of your own line and found their bottom by the weight of your own Plummet for the depth of Folly is beyond the line of Wisdom Besides said he You believe that other men would do as you would have them or as you would do to them wherein you are mistaken for most men do the contrary In short Folly is bottomless and hath no end but Wisdom hath bounds to all her designs otherwise she would never compass them LXXXIII My Lord discoursing some time with a Learned Doctor of Divinity concerning Faith said That in his opinion the wisest way for a man was to have as little Faith as he could for this World and as much as he could for the next World LXXXIV In some Discourse with my Lord I told him that I did speak sharpest to those I loved best To which he jestingly answered That if so then he would not have me love him best LXXXV After my Lords return from a long Banishment when he had been in the Countrey some time and endeavoured to pick up some Gleanings of his ruined Estate it chanced that the Widow of Charles Lord Mansfield My Lords Eldest Son afterwards Duchess of Richmond to whom the said Lord of Mansfield had made a joynture of 2000 l. a Year died not long after her second marriage for whose death though My Lord was heartily sorry and would willingly have lost the said Money had it been able to save her life Yet discoursing one time merrily with his Friends was pleased to say That though his Earthly King and Master seem'd to have forgot him yet the King of Heaven had remembred him for he had given him 2000 l. a Year SOME FEW NOTES OF THE AUTHORESSE I. IT was far more difficult in the late Civil Wars for my Lord to raise an Army for His Majesties Service then it was for the Parliament to raise an Army against His Majesty Not onely because the Parliament were many and my Lord but one single Person but by reason a Kingly or Monarchical Government was then generally disliked and most part of the Kingdom proved Rebellious and assisted the Parliament either with their Purses or Persons or both when as the Army which my Lord raised for the defence and maintenance of the King and his Rights was raised most upon his own and his Friends Interest For it is frequently seen and known by woful Experience that rebellious and factious Parties do more suddenly and nnmerously flock together to act a mischievous design then loyal and honest men to assist or maintain a just Cause and certainly 't is much to be lamented that evil men should be more industrious and prosperous then good and that the Wicked should have a more desperate Courage then the Virtuous an active Valour II. I have observed That many by flattering Poets have been compared to Caesar without desert but this I dare freely and without flattery say of my Lord That though he had not Caesars Fortune yet he wanted not Caesars Courage nor his Prudence nor his good Nature nor his Wit Nay in some particulars he did more then Caesar ever did for though Caesar had a great Army yet he was first set out by the State or Senators of Rome who were Masters almost of all the World when as my Lord raised his Army as before is mentioned most upon his own Interest he having many Friends and Kindred in the Northern parts at such a time when his Gracious King and Soveraign was then not Master of his own Kingdoms He being over-power'd by his rebellious Subjects III. I have observed That my Noble Lord has always had an aversion to that kind of Policy that now is commonly practised in the world which in plain tearms is Dissembling Flattery and Cheating under the cover of Honesty Love and Kindness But I have heard him say that the best Policy is to act justly honestly and wisely and to speak truly and that the old Proverb is true To be wise is to be honest For said he That man of what Condition Quality or Profession soever that is once found out to deceive either in
words or actions shall never be trusted again by wise and honest men But said he A wise man is not bound to take notice of all Dissemblers and their cheating Actions if they do not concern him nay even of those he would not always take notice but chuse his time for the chief part of a wise man is to time business well and to do it without Partiality and Passion But said he The folly of the world is so great that one honest and wise man may be overpowred by many Knaves and Fools and if so then the onely benefit of a wise man consists in the satisfaction he finds by his honest and wise actions and that he has done what in Conscience Honour and Duty he ought to do and all successors of such worthy Persons ought to be more satisfied in the worth and merit of their Predecessours then in their Title and Riches IV. I have heard that some noble Gentleman who was servant to His Highness then Prince of Wales our now Gracious Soveraign when my Lord was Governour should relate that whensoever my Lord by his prudent inspection and foresight did foretell what would come to pass hereafter it seemed so improbable to him that both himself and some others believed my Lotd spoke extravagantly But some few years after his predictions proved true and the event did confirm what his Prudence had observed V. I have heard That in our late Civil Warres there were many petty Skirmishes and Fortifications of weak and inconsiderable Houses where some small Parties would be shooting and pottering at each other an action more proper for Bandites or Thieves then stout and valiant Soldiers for I have heard my Lord say That such small Parties divide the Body of an Army and by that means weaken it whereas the business might be much easier decided in one or two Battels with less ruine both to the Country and Army For I have heard my Lord say That as it is dangerous to divide a Limb from the Body so it is also dangerous to divide Armies or Navies in time of Warr and there are often more men lost in such petty Skirmishes then in set-Battels by reason those happen almost every day nay every hour in several places VI. Many in our late Civil-Warres had more Title then Power for though they were Generals or chief Commanders yet their Forces were more like a Brigade then a well-formed Army and their actions were accordingly not set-battels but petty Skirmishes between small Parties for there were no great Battels fought but by my Lord's Army his being the greatest and best-formed Army which His Majesty had VII Although I have observed That it is a usual Custom of the World to glorifie the present Power and good Fortune and vilifie ill Fortune and low conditions yet I never heard that my Noble Lord was ever neglected by the generality but was on the contrary alwayes esteemed and praised by all for he is truly an Honest and Honourable man and one that may be relied upon both for Trust and Truth VIII I have observed That many instead of great Actions make onely a great Noise and like shallow Fords or empty Bladders sound most when there is least in them which expresses a flattering Partiality rather then Honesty and Truth for Truth and Honesty lye at the bottom and have more Action then Shew IX I have observed That good Fortune adds Fame to mean Actions when as ill Fortune darkens the splendor of the most meritorious for mean Persons plyed with good Fortune are more famous then Noble Persons that are shadowed or darkned with ill Fortune so that Fortune for the most part is Fame's Champion X. I observe That as it would be a grief to covetous and miserable persons to be rewarded with Honour rather then with Wealth because they love Wealth before Honour and Fame so on the other side Noble Heroick and Meritorious Persons prefer Honour and Fame before Wealth well knowing That as Infamy is the greatest Punishment of unworthiness so Fame and Honour is the best Reward of worth and merit XII I observe that spleen and malice especially in this age is grown to that height that none will endure the praise of any body besides themselves nay they 'l rather praise the wicked then the good the Coward rather then the Valiant the Miserable then the Generous the Traytor then the Loyal which makes Wise men meddle as little with the Affairs of the world as ever they can XIII I have observed as well as former Ages have done That Meritorious persons for their noble actions most commonly get Envy and Reproach instead of Praise and Reward unless their Fortunes be above Envy as Caesars and Elexanders were But had these two Worthies been as Unfortunate as they were Fortunate they would have been as much vilified as they are glorified XIV I have observed that it is more easie to talk then to act to forget then to remember to punish then to reward and more common to prefer Flattery before Truth Interest before Justice and present service before past XV. I have observed that many old Proverbs are very true and amongst the rest this It is better to be at the latter end of a Feast then at the beginning of a Fray for most commonly those that are in the beginning of a Fray get but little of the Feast and those that have undergone the greatest dangers have least of the spoils XVI I have oberved That Favours of Great Princes make men often thought Meritorious whereas without them they would be esteemed but as ordinary Persons XVII I observe That in other Kingdoms or Countries to be the chief Governour of a Province is not onely a place of Honour but much Profit for they have a great Revenue to themselves whereas in England the Lieutenancy of a County is barely a Title of Honour without Profit except it be the Lieutenancy or Government of the Kingdom of Ireland especially since the late Earl of Stafford enjoyed that dignity who setled that Kingdom very wisely both for Militia and Trade XVIII I have observed That those that meddle least in Wars whether Civil or Foreign are not onely most safe and free from danger but most secure from Losses and though Heroick Persons esteem Fame before Life yet many there are that think the wisest way is to be a Spectator rather then an Actor unless they be necessitated to it for it is better say they to sit on the Stool of Quiet then in the Chair of Troublesome Business FINIS * Sir William Carnaby Kt. * Mr. Gray Brother to the Lord Gray of the North. * Francis Palmes * Capt. Mazine * Sir Iohn Marlay Kt. * Dr. Coosens * Sir Thomas Fairfax * The Lord Goring and Sir Francis Mackworth Knight * Sir Will. Savil Kt. and Bar. * The Lord Ethyn * The Lord Widdrington * The Lord Loughborrough * The Lord Bellasis * The Lord Langdale * Selby in Yorkshire * Mrs. Chaplain now Mrs. Top. * Mr. Benoist * Sir Henry Wood. * Sir Foster * Sir William Throckmorton Knight