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A24062 A supply of considerable things, in behalf of the government, omitted in all the late arguings written to Sir J.A. J. A. 1682 (1682) Wing A15; ESTC R9870 4,890 7

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A SUPPLY OF CONSIDERABLE THINGS In behalf of the GOVERNMENT Omitted in all the late ARGUINGS Written to Sir J.A. SIR YOU know my Thoughts well enough about what has been lately Written of the English Constitution of Government but seeing I affirm'd some things with short Intimations of Reasons I owe you this larger Discourse which yet shall be bounded within the compass of a Letter He that wrote against Plato Redivivus gave an excellent account from Records of the ancient Exercise of our King's Prerogative but hath left untouch'd the learned part about the Opinions and Reports from Plato and Aristotle concerning the Seat of Soveraign Power It must be said in behalf of the Answerer that those Considerations were of less moment but seeing his opposite Author wou'd it may be rather derive something like a Divine right from those Books than any other you shall see how little countenance the Soveraignty of the People or of any upper part of them receives from these Philosophers Plato whom he wou'd have alive again in him speaks in his Politicus plain and short of Monarchy and Democracy for a certain Reason I will give you his Saying in his Greek tho' that may make a Letter look like a School-Boys Epistle 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Monarchy being joyn'd to good written Laws is the best of all Governments and the worst of all lawful Governments is that of the Common People I hope he has enough of our Plato into whom that the Rumper were reviv'd wou'd be a very good wish but I doubt he and his Fellows will quarrel with these Academicks almost as much as they do with our University-men for spoiling their Pupils with Monarchical Principles for Aristotle Plato's Schollar talks like his Tutor for he in this third Book of a Common-wealth treating of Government mixt of Aristocracy and Democracy adds his Judgment against it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 But it is better says he that a single Person who is careful should have the Government I am now to observe a more considerable error of this Gentleman who seems rather inclin'd to be a Deposer than with his Great Name-sake to be call'd a make-Make-King he says that among the Jews the Supreme Power was not in a Single Person Where was it then When the Lord was their King upon which account Josephus calls their Government a Theocracy and else-where the Single Judges that rul'd are stil'd by him Monarchs and the Institution of Kingly Government which was not to begin among them till Almighty Power had setl'd 'em in the Promis'd Land was from himself so the Charge is given Deut. 17.15 Thou shalt in any wise set him King over thee whom the Lord thy God shall chuse So that the People desiring afterwards a King was not evil in it self but only as to the Tumultuary and distrustful manner when God was their King and the Prophet his Deputy who brought them Orders immediately from the Mouth of God That the Supream Power was in the King is plain to those who know the large Prerogatives of Eastern Monarchs for like these were the Kings of Israel and Judah the People said we will have a King over us that we also may be like all the Nations And God commands Samuel Hearken to their Voice and make them a King and the Subjection into which they enter'd was but like that of the Neighbouring Eastern Nations so that what we have in the common reading the manner of the King 1 Sam. 8. is well render'd by the LXX 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Rightful Law a Word us'd by them frequently concerning the Laws of God himself The Affinity of things now calls to thought what has been said to and fro about Patriarchs Whether Monarchy was founded in them and thence Deriv'd The notion has been improv'd into a just and regular discourse by that Worthy Gentleman Sir Robert Filmer to whom too we are beholden for a Book ascrib'd to Mr. Hales very convincingly written concerning the Sin against the Holy Ghost The Argument I would add to his affirmative part of the Question is from the general apprehension of the Jews who in the midling Ages of the Roman Emperors had tho' they were a Scatter'd People a Monarch under the Name of Patriarch his Monarchy was successive in the Family of Gamaliel of whom St. Luke speaks He had about him a Council for Government and Officers appointed to receive Tribute from the Jewish Nation wheresoever dispers'd a pretty full account of this we have from Epiphanius by Birth a Jew and the rest is supplied from the Civil Law What that Father says of the Patriarch is in the 30th Heresy to wit of the Ebionites About the same time St. Hierom speaks of a Patriarch as the Supream Magistrate of the Jews in his Commentary on Isaiah saying that in them was fulfill'd what is Prophesy'd in the third Chapter I will give Children to be their Princes and Babes shall rule over them I lay the more weight upon these two Witnesses because one by Birth and Education the other by Study and Conversation so well understood what they said In the Civil Law we find Theodosius the Emperor confiscating their collected Tribute and forbidding it to be gather'd hereafter nor can it be thought that the payments were only charitable Contributions for publick Pious Uses for you may read in the same Code that it was demanded as Crown-gold There are two principal things understood among Learned Men and Civilians by the aurum coronarium either what was payed by Vanquish'd Nations to their Conquerors or with reference to the Crown to new-created Emperors let it be one or the other still it proves that the Jews esteem'd their Patriarch to be a successive Monarch Another considerable thing of which an account shou'd deservedly be given is about the Divine Right of Monarchy this wants no other defence but to be rightly understood The Assertion has been Raillery to a sort of Witts and Half-States-men none of whom shew their knowledge of its meaning for the Divine-Right or Law is either voluntary-divine or natural-divine The first takes its Original from the Will of God the other has its Foundation in the necessity and inward goodness of the thing upon which God's Will is certainly added so that to say without any subdistinction that Monarchy is jure divino is no more than that it is an Institution accompanied with the Authority of God's Will and that our Proposition is true in this large sence appears from the ' foremention'd Words in Deuteronomy and from that of Solomon's Proverbs by me Kings Reign but to resolve upon whether sort of Divine right Monarchy is founded wou'd be a Subtilty useless to the Affairs of the World it being a sure rule that whatever carries along with it the approving Will of God can only by this plainest Declaration be taken away or alter'd so that if Monarchy did not oblige under the nature of a Moral Law but as a