civil_a matter_n the_o word_n of_o this_o last_o king_n law_n run_v thus_o exit_fw-la etc._n omni_fw-la comitatu_fw-la bis_fw-la quotannis_fw-la conventus_fw-la agitor_fw-la cui_fw-la quidem_fw-la illius_fw-la dioecesis_fw-la episcopus_fw-la &_o senator_n intersunto_fw-la quorum_fw-la alter_fw-la jura_n divina_fw-la humana_fw-la alter_fw-la populum_fw-la edoceto_fw-la in_o every_o county_n let_v there_o be_v twice_o a_o year_n a_o assembly_n of_o the_o people_n whereat_o the_o bishop_n of_o the_o diocese_n and_o the_o earl_n shall_v be_v present_a the_o one_o to_o direct_v in_o divine_a the_o other_o in_o humane_a matter_n which_o so_o continue_v the_o bishop_n and_o earl_n sit_v therein_o together_o until_o king_n william_n the_o conqueror_n in_o a_o full_a convention_n of_o his_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n and_o temporal_a lord_n command_v that_o 12._o ecclesiastical_a matter_n shall_v thenceforth_o be_v handle_v by_o the_o bishop_n in_o court_n of_o their_o own_o and_o not_o any_o more_o be_v discuss_v among_o secular_a affair_n in_o this_o court_n as_o well_o as_o in_o that_o of_o the_o country_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o king_n henry_n i._o these_o person_n follow_v be_v to_o be_v present_a as_o may_v appear_v by_o this_o clause_n intersint_fw-la autèm_fw-la episcopi_fw-la comites_fw-la 7._o vicedomini_fw-la vicarii_fw-la centenarii_fw-la aldermanni_n preafecti_n praepositi_fw-la barones_n vavassores_fw-la tungrevii_fw-la &_o caeteri_fw-la terrarum_fw-la domini_fw-la diligentèr_fw-la intendentes_fw-la nè_fw-la malorum_fw-la impunitas_fw-la aut_fw-la gravionum_fw-la pravitas_fw-la vel_fw-la judicum_fw-la subversio_fw-la solita_fw-la miseros_fw-la laceratione_n confiniant_fw-la agantur_fw-la itâque_fw-la primò_fw-la debita_fw-la verae_fw-la christianitatis_fw-la jura_n secundò_fw-la regis_fw-la placita_fw-la postremò_fw-la causae_fw-la singulorum_fw-la dignis_fw-la satisfactionis_fw-la expleantur_fw-la scil._n ecclesiastical_a cause_n and_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n in_o the_o turn_v but_o private_a cause_n in_o the_o county_n court_n vid._n coke_n be_v 4_o the_o instit._fw-la 259_o 260._o where_o you_o will_v find_v that_o the_o turn_v be_v a_o court_n of_o record_n hold_v before_o the_o sheriff_n the_o ancient_a institution_n thereof_o be_v before_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la to_o hear_v and_o determine_v all_o felony_n death_n of_o man_n except_v and_o common_a nuisance_n 260._o see_v the_o stat._n mag._n chart._n c._n 17._o and_o the_o exposition_n of_o the_o same_o in_o the_o 2_o d._n instit._n the_o style_n of_o this_o court_n be_v curia_fw-la visus_fw-la franc._n domini_fw-la regis_fw-la apud_fw-la b._n coram_fw-la vicecomite_n in_fw-la turno_fw-la svo_fw-la etc._n etc._n ibid._n the_o reason_n of_o which_o be_v because_o in_o this_o court_n the_o pledge_n or_o surety_n of_o every_o decennary_n or_o tithing_n be_v enter_v before_o the_o court_n leet_n be_v take_v out_o of_o it_o and_o grant_v to_o particular_a lord_n of_o manor_n which_o sir_n h._n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_a suppose_n to_o have_v be_v do_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n alfred_n laeta_n but_o since_o i_o find_v nothing_o concern_v these_o court_n leet_n till_o after_o the_o conquest_n i_o shall_v defer_v the_o far_o treat_v of_o they_o to_o that_o time_n i_o have_v no_o more_o to_o say_v of_o this_o court_n but_o that_o it_o be_v also_o call_v the_o folcmote_a and_o in_o which_o by_o edward_n the_o confessor_n law_n all_o freeman_n be_v to_o take_v the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n or_o fidelity_n to_o the_o king_n 35._o as_o appear_v by_o the_o law_n itself_o omnes_fw-la proceres_fw-la regni_fw-la milites_fw-la &_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la britanniae_fw-la facere_fw-la debent_fw-la fidelitatem_fw-la domino_fw-la regi_fw-la in_o pleno_fw-la folcmoto_fw-la corà m_fw-la episcopis_fw-la regni_fw-la etc._n etc._n you_o will_v likewise_o find_v in_o the_o same_o law_n just_o precede_v this_o a_o extraordinary_a assembly_n of_o this_o folcmote_a upon_o any_o sudden_a danger_n which_o meet_v on_o ring_v of_o the_o bell_n call_v in_o english_a motbel_n and_o there_o they_o be_v to_o consult_v how_o to_o prevent_v the_o danger_n ibid._n the_o second_o of_o these_o court_n be_v call_v the_o county-court_n and_o be_v also_o very_a ancient_n and_o to_o be_v hold_v once_o every_o month_n by_o the_o shireeve_n as_o from_o k._n edward_n the_o elder_n be_v a._n law_n appear_z praepositus_fw-la quÃsque_fw-la ad_fw-la quartam_fw-la circitèr_fw-la quamque_fw-la septimanam_fw-la frequentem_fw-la populi_fw-la concionem_fw-la celebrato_fw-la cuÃque_fw-la jus_o dicito_fw-la aequabile_fw-la litesque_fw-la singulas_fw-la cum_fw-la dies_fw-la condicti_fw-la advenerint_fw-la dirimito_fw-la every_o shireeve_n shall_v convene_v the_o people_n once_o a_o month_n and_o do_v equal_a right_n to_o all_o put_v a_o end_n to_o controversy_n at_o time_n appoint_v to_o this_o court_n be_v antienly_a appeal_n make_v from_o the_o hundred-court_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o law_n of_o canutus_n et_fw-la nemo_fw-la namium_fw-la capiat_fw-la in_o comitatu_fw-la vel_fw-la extra_fw-la comitatum_fw-la priusquam_fw-la ter_z in_o hundredo_fw-la svo_fw-la rectum_fw-la sibi_fw-la perquisierit_fw-la curia_fw-la si_fw-la tertia_fw-la vice_fw-la rectum_fw-la non_fw-la habeat_fw-la eat_v quarta_fw-la vice_fw-la ad_fw-la conventum_fw-la totius_fw-la comitatus_fw-la quod_fw-la anglicè_fw-la dicitur_fw-la scyremot_n etc._n etc._n no_o man_n by_o a_o distress_n shall_v compel_v another_o to_o the_o county-court_n unless_o he_o have_v thrice_o complain_v in_o the_o hundred-court_n but_o if_o he_o have_v not_o right_o the_o three_o time_n he_o may_v then_o sue_v in_o the_o county-court_n which_o be_v call_v the_o scyregemot_n and_o beside_o say_v sir_n william_n dugdale_n 1._o regis_fw-la placita_fw-la &_o causa_fw-la singulorum_fw-la debita_fw-la verae_fw-la christianitatis_fw-la jura_fw-la be_v first_o determine_v here_o where_o interest_n debent_fw-la commissarii_fw-la episcopi_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o ecclesiae_fw-la potestates_fw-la and_o the_o presbyter_n ecclesiae_fw-la as_o well_o as_o quatuor_fw-la de_fw-la melioribus_fw-la villae_fw-la be_v oblige_v to_o attendance_n qui_fw-la dei_fw-la leges_fw-la as_o well_o as_o seculi_fw-la negotia_fw-la justâ_fw-la consideratione_n definirent_fw-la and_o a_o little_a after_o he_o further_o proceed_v thus_o now_o let_v we_o see_v of_o what_o thing_n the_o sheriff_n here_o antien_o hold_v plea_n ad_fw-la vicecomites_fw-la pertinent_a ista_fw-la say_v glanvile_n placitum_fw-la de_fw-fr recto_n de_fw-fr liberis_fw-la tenementis_fw-la per_fw-la breve_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la 4._o ubi_fw-la curia_fw-la dominorum_fw-la probatur_fw-la de_fw-la recto_n defecisse_fw-la placitum_fw-la de_fw-la nativis_fw-la sed_fw-la per_fw-la breve_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la it_o belong_v to_o the_o shireeve_n to_o hold_v plea_n in_o this_o court_n upon_o a_o writ_n of_o right_o concern_v freehold_n in_o case_n where_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n wherein_o the_o land_n lie_v have_v not_o do_v justice_n as_o also_o to_o hold_v plea_n concern_v bondman_n but_o by_o the_o king_n be_v write_v i_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o of_o this_o court_n but_o refer_v the_o reader_n to_o the_o say_a book_n from_o whence_o i_o have_v take_v most_o of_o those_o thing_n i_o have_v here_o give_v you_o concern_v all_o these_o court_n jurid_a wherein_o he_o may_v find_v at_o large_a how_o great_a the_o power_n of_o this_o court_n be_v not_o only_o before_o but_o after_o the_o conquest_n and_o i_o have_v also_o reserve_v the_o treat_v of_o these_o two_o court_n by_o themselves_o because_o though_o the_o 3_o former_a be_v suppose_v by_o some_o to_o be_v of_o k._n alfred_n erection_n upon_o his_o new_a reformation_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o these_o two_o be_v not_o so_o for_o notwithstanding_o ingulf_n tell_v we_o that_o this_o king_n alfred_n first_o divide_v the_o province_n of_o england_n into_o county_n yet_o we_o find_v mr._n selden_n learned_o make_v it_o out_o 510._o that_o alfred_n be_v not_o the_o first_o that_o divide_v the_o kingdom_n into_o shire_n or_o county_n for_o say_v he_o before_o alfred_n time_n those_o province_n have_v their_o ealdorman_n in_o they_o thus_o we_o read_v of_o ethelwolfus_n barocensis_n pagae_n come_v and_o ceorle_fw-mi domnaniae_fw-la comes_fw-la and_o eanulf_n somersetensis_n pagae_n come_v for_o the_o earldom_n of_o berkshire_n devonshire_n and_o somersetshire_n under_o king_n ethelwolf_n father_n to_o king_n alfred_n be_v remember_v in_o asserius_fw-la menevensis_fw-la that_o live_v in_o king_n alfred_n time_n two_o of_o they_o be_v also_o in_o 3._o ethelwerd_n a_o writer_n of_o the_o saxon_a time_n beside_o osric_n dorsetum_n dux_n for_o eolderman_n of_o dorset_n eâ—lchere_n or_o alchere_n be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n ealdorman_n of_o kent_n and_o auda_n or_o wuda_n of_o surrey_n as_o we_o have_v it_o in_o hoveden_n huntingdon_n and_o in_o that_o asserius_fw-la also_o and_o ingulphus_n have_v the_o charter_n of_o king_n ethelbald_n foundation_n of_o crowland_n whereunto_o the_o comites_fw-la of_o leicester_n and_o of_o lincoln_n both_o subscribe_v to_o which_o i_o may_v also_o add_v divers_a example_n that_o you_o will_v meet_v with_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n in_o the_o follow_a history_n out_o of_o the_o saxon_a annal_n have_v thus_o dispatch_v these_o inferior_a
aldermannus_n venit_fw-la ad_fw-la ely_n &_o infrà _fw-la cimeterium_fw-la ad_fw-la aquilonalem_fw-la portam_fw-la monasterii_fw-la tenuit_fw-la placitum_fw-la cum_fw-la toto_fw-la hundredo_fw-la b._n and_o the_o witness_n of_o contract_n and_o purchase_n than_o be_v testimonio_fw-la hundredi_n here_o not_o only_o temporal_a cause_n but_o ecclesiastical_a be_v handle_v the_o alderman_n or_o principal_a judge_n be_v such_o a_o one_o as_o dei_fw-la leges_fw-la &_o hominum_fw-la jura_fw-la studebat_fw-la promovere_fw-la who_o study_v to_o promote_v the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o man_n the_o bishop_n or_o archdeacon_n sit_v therein_o with_o the_o say_a alderman_n which_o jurisdiction_n so_o continue_v until_o the_o beginning_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n reign_n that_o he_o by_o a_o special_a precept_n do_v inhibit_v inspex_fw-la quod_fw-la nec_fw-la episcopus_fw-la net_n archidiaconus_fw-la de_fw-la legibus_fw-la episcopalibus_fw-la amplius_fw-la in_o hundredo_fw-la placitum_fw-la teneat_fw-la but_o the_o low_a of_o these_o inferior_a court_n be_v that_o of_o the_o decennary_n or_o tything_n court_n which_o yet_o be_v the_o great_a bridle_n upon_o the_o inferior_a sort_n of_o people_n for_o by_o virtue_n of_o this_o law_n of_o king_n alfred_n every_o english_a freeman_n as_o ingulph_n tell_v we_o aught_o to_o be_v in_o some_o hundred_o or_o tything_n i_o mean_v whosoever_o be_v of_o full_a twelve_o year_n of_o age_n 19_o and_o if_o any_o one_o shall_v be_v suspect_v of_o larceny_n or_o theft_n he_o may_v in_o his_o own_o hundred_o or_o ward_n be_v either_o condemn_v or_o give_v security_n in_o some_o manuscript_n it_o be_v be_v acquit_v either_o incur_v or_o avoid_v the_o deserve_a penalty_n william_n of_o malmesbury_n add_v to_o this_o that_o he_o that_o can_v not_o find_v security_n be_v afraid_a of_o the_o severity_n of_o the_o law_n and_o if_o any_o guilty_a person_n either_o before_o his_o give_a security_n or_o after_o shall_v make_v his_o escape_n all_o of_o that_o hundred_o and_o tything_n shall_v incur_v the_o king_n fine_a here_o we_o have_v the_o original_a of_o decennary_n or_o fribourgs_n 27._o in_o which_o every_o man_n be_v to_o be_v bind_v for_o other_o as_o well_o as_o himself_o viz._n master_n for_o their_o servant_n husband_n for_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n before_o they_o have_v attain_v the_o age_n of_o fourteen_o as_o also_o the_o housholder_n for_o his_o guest_n all_o which_o ten_o person_n be_v thus_o bind_v one_o for_o another_o be_v unite_v under_o one_o head_n call_v a_o tythingman_n and_o in_o some_o place_n a_o borsholder_n for_o borgh_n signify_v a_o surety_n or_o pledge_n and_o fri_n be_v all_o one_o as_o free_n from_o whence_o come_v our_o word_n neighbour_n that_o be_v those_o that_o be_v near-pledge_n but_o that_o this_o law_n concern_v the_o decennary_n or_o tything_n be_v not_o only_o make_v for_o the_o mere_a vulgar_a or_o ordinary_a sort_n of_o people_n but_o that_o the_o chief_a of_o the_o nobility_n and_o even_o the_o arch-bishop_n and_o bishop_n themselves_o be_v alike_o subject_a to_o it_o 16._o will_v appear_v by_o that_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n confirm_v by_o king_n william_n i._n whereby_o all_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n and_o all_o those_o that_o have_v court_n of_o sac._n soc._n and_o theme_n etc._n etc._n swear_v to_o keep_v their_o knight_n and_o all_o other_o servant_n there_o mention_v in_o their_o frithborg_n i._n e._n franc-pledg_a for_o who_o these_o lord_n or_o master_n themselves_o be_v to_o be_v surety_n so_o that_o if_o any_o of_o they_o offend_v their_o lord_n be_v oblige_v to_o do_v right_a in_o their_o court_n and_o by_o the_o law_n of_o cnute_n every_o thane_n or_o gentleman_n of_o estate_n 50._o be_v to_o have_v his_o family_n under_o his_o own_o pledge_n and_o if_o any_o of_o they_o be_v accuse_v he_o be_v to_o answer_v for_o he_o in_o the_o hundred_o court_n i._n e._n be_v to_o compel_v he_o to_o appear_v and_o the_o lord_n be_v also_o to_o be_v answerable_a for_o he_o if_o he_o escape_v so_o that_o all_o the_o privilege_n that_o nobleman_n and_o gentleman_n have_v above_o the_o common_a man_n be_v that_o they_o be_v not_o bind_v one_o for_o another_o so_o as_o to_o be_v part_n of_o any_o decennary_n or_o tithing_n but_o each_o of_o they_o be_v head_n of_o his_o own_o friburgh_n and_o his_o family_n be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o distinct_a tithe_n of_o itself_o i_o observe_v this_o to_o let_v the_o reader_n understand_v that_o how_o severe_a soever_o this_o law_n be_v it_o be_v no_o badge_n of_o slavery_n or_o subjection_n upon_o the_o common_a people_n for_o even_o the_o best_a man_n in_o the_o kingdom_n be_v alike_o subject_a to_o it_o neither_o be_v it_o bring_v in_o or_o increase_v in_o rigour_n by_o the_o norman_a conquest_n as_o some_o with_o great_a prejudice_n than_o truth_n have_v maintain_v since_o the_o norman_n as_o well_o as_o the_o english_a be_v all_o under_o one_o and_o the_o same_o law_n as_o to_o this_o point_n the_o law_n of_o this_o court_n of_o the_o tithe_n be_v these_o first_o that_o if_o any_o one_o offend_v and_o fail_v to_o appear_v the_o other_o surety_n be_v bind_v to_o have_v he_o forthcoming_a to_o justice_n second_o but_o if_o the_o guilty_a party_n flee_v he_o shall_v not_o be_v any_o where_o receive_v without_o a_o testimonial_a from_o the_o tithe_n from_o whence_o he_o come_v so_o that_o a_o man_n be_v out_o of_o any_o tithe_n if_o he_o be_v receive_v in_o any_o town_n the_o whole_a town_n be_v in_o the_o king_n mercy_n but_o by_o the_o law_n of_o king_n edward_n 20._o the_o decennary_n be_v allow_v one_o and_o thirty_o day_n to_o bring_v the_o offender_n to_o justice_n that_o so_o he_o may_v make_v satisfaction_n either_o by_o his_o good_n or_o body_n the_o three_o be_v that_o if_o he_o can_v not_o be_v find_v than_o the_o tithingman_n or_o borsholder_n take_v with_o he_o two_o of_o the_o best_a of_o his_o own_o friburgh_n and_o of_o the_o three_o neighbour_a friburghs_n nine_o to_o wit_n of_o each_o the_o chief_a tithingman_n and_o two_o other_o of_o the_o best_a note_n and_o there_o before_o the_o king_n justice_n if_o he_o can_v he_o be_v to_o purge_v himself_o by_o oath_n of_o the_o offence_n and_o flight_n of_o the_o criminal_a but_o if_o he_o can_v not_o he_o with_o his_o own_o friburgh_n be_v to_o restore_v the_o loss_n out_o of_o the_o good_n of_o the_o party_n if_o they_o be_v sufficient_a or_o otherwise_o out_o of_o his_o own_o and_o those_o of_o his_o friburgh_n last_o if_o the_o neighbour_a fribourgs_n will_v not_o be_v their_o compurgator_n than_o they_o be_v to_o swear_v for_o themselves_o that_o they_o be_v therein_o no_o way_n guilty_a and_o that_o so_o soon_o as_o ever_o they_o can_v find_v he_o they_o will_v bring_v the_o offender_n to_o justice_n or_o else_o discover_v where_o he_o be_v there_o be_v many_o other_o particular_n concern_v this_o matter_n which_o i_o pass_v over_o that_o i_o may_v not_o be_v 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sigebert_n king_n of_o the_o westsaxon_n for_o tyranny_n and_o cruelty_n anno_fw-la 754._o huntingdon_n express_v it_o thus_o viz._n sigebertus_n rex_fw-la in_o principio_fw-la secundi_fw-la anni_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la cum_fw-la incorrigibilis_fw-la superbiae_fw-la &_o nequitiae_fw-la esset_fw-la congregati_fw-la sunt_fw-la proceres_fw-la &_o populus_n totius_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o providâ_fw-la deliberatione_n omnium_fw-la expulsus_fw-la est_fw-la à _fw-la regno_fw-la kinewulf_n verò_fw-la juvenis_fw-la egregius_fw-la de_fw-la regiâ_fw-la stirpe_fw-la electus_fw-la est_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la second_o from_o ailred_n abbot_n of_o rievalle_n who_o in_o his_o life_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o that_o king_n be_v be_v elect_v in_o his_o mother_n womb_n tell_v we_o 372._o that_o ethelred_n his_o father_n have_v convene_v a_o great_a council_n for_o the_o
derive_v from_o or_o a_o negative_a or_o privative_a and_o dalinea_n which_o signify_v distinction_n or_o difference_n that_o be_v without_o any_o distinction_n or_o difference_n and_o import_v a_o just_a impartial_a judgement_n it_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n by_o fire_n or_o water_n by_o fire_n when_o the_o person_n accuse_v carry_v in_o his_o bare_a hand_n a_o red-hot_a iron_n some_o few_o step_n which_o if_o it_o weigh_v but_o one_o pound_n be_v call_v single_a ordeal_o and_o so_o double_a or_o treble_a according_a to_o the_o pound_n the_o iron_n weigh_v or_o when_o he_o walk_v barefoot_a and_o blindfold_a over_z and_o between_o certain_a red-hot_a ploughshare_n place_v at_o a_o state_v distance_n if_o in_o do_v this_o the_o party_n be_v burn_v he_o be_v pronounce_v guilty_a if_o not_o he_o be_v account_v innocent_a water-ordeal_a be_v either_o when_o they_o cast_v the_o accuse_v into_o water_n and_o if_o they_o do_v swim_v be_v adjudge_v guilty_a if_o they_o sink_v innocent_a or_o 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again_o to_o our_o ordeal_o the_o first_o mention_n make_v thereof_o as_o we_o meet_v with_o be_v at_o the_o council_n of_o mentz_n and_o afterward_o in_o the_o council_n of_o trier_n but_o we_o have_v no_o foot-step_n thereof_o in_o our_o english_a law_n till_o it_o be_v bring_v into_o this_o nation_n by_o the_o council_n of_o berkhamstead_n under_o bertwald_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n anno_fw-la 647_o and_o it_o after_o become_v insert_v into_o those_o of_o king_n athelstan_n 23._o though_o it_o be_v certain_o in_o use_n before_o that_o time_n i_o have_v little_o more_o to_o add_v concern_v this_o way_n of_o trial_n by_o ordeal_o but_o that_o it_o be_v under_o the_o government_n of_o the_o clergy_n who_o never_o permit_v it_o to_o be_v put_v in_o execution_n but_o when_o they_o be_v present_a and_o sometime_o it_o be_v perform_v with_o the_o great_a solemnity_n of_o receive_v the_o holy_a eucharist_n especial_o if_o the_o suspect_a person_n be_v of_o their_o order_n and_o 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fact_n of_o king_n oswy_n as_o it_o be_v detestable_a to_o all_o man_n dcli_o so_o it_o afterward_o prove_v most_o hateful_a to_o himself_o who_o repent_v of_o it_o build_v there_o a_o monastery_n to_o expiate_v the_o crime_n and_o to_o pray_v as_o well_o for_o his_o own_o soul_n as_o for_o that_o of_o the_o king_n he_o have_v kill_v this_o king_n oswin_n be_v a_o man_n of_o a_o beautiful_a aspect_n tall_a of_o stature_n affable_a and_o very_o bountiful_a all_o which_o excellent_a endowment_n both_o of_o mind_n and_o body_n procure_v he_o such_o reputation_n that_o he_o be_v general_o belove_v and_o many_o noble_a person_n out_o of_o all_o the_o english_a province_n think_v themselves_o happy_a if_o they_o can_v get_v into_o his_o service_n but_o above_o all_o his_o humility_n and_o singular_a modesty_n be_v most_o remarkable_a whereof_o bede_n give_v we_o this_o instance_n k._n oswin_n have_v bestow_v a_o excellent_a horse_n upon_o aidan_n that_o charitable_a b_o of_o lindisfarne_n but_o the_o bishop_n when_o a_o poor_a man_n ask_v a_o alm_n give_v he_o the_o horse_n with_o all_o the_o rich_a furniture_n upon_o he_o the_o king_n hear_v of_o this_o as_o they_o be_v go_v to_o dinner_n say_v to_o he_o my_o lord_n bishop_n why_o will_v you_o give_v that_o noble_a horse_n that_o i_o bestow_v upon_o you_o for_o your_o own_o saddle_n to_o a_o poor_a man_n have_v we_o not_o many_o worse_a horse_n and_o other_o thing_n which_o will_v better_o serve_v the_o poor_a instead_o of_o this_o horse_n i_o make_v choice_n of_o for_o your_o own_o ride_v the_o bishop_n instant_o reply_v sir_n what_o do_v you_o say_v be_v that_o son_n of_o a_o mare_n more_o dear_a to_o you_o than_o the_o son_n of_o god_n with_o that_o they_o go_v to_o dinner_n the_o bishop_n take_v his_o seat_n but_o the_o king_n be_v new_o come_v in_o from_o hunt_v fate_n down_o by_o the_o fire_n with_o his_o attendant_n but_o remember_v what_o the_o bishop_n have_v say_v he_o rise_v sudden_o up_o and_o give_v his_o 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take_v away_o from_o we_o for_o this_o nation_n be_v not_o worthy_a of_o such_o a_o governor_n not_o long_o after_o this_o prelage_n of_o the_o bishop_n be_v fulfil_v in_o the_o murder_n of_o oswin_n as_o you_o have_v hear_v but_o aidan_n live_v till_o the_o twelve_o day_n after_o his_o death_n and_o then_o die_v himself_o on_o the_o last_o of_o august_n of_o the_o miracle_n of_o which_o bishop_n bede_n give_v uâ—_n too_o long_o and_o 〈◊〉_d incredible_a account_n either_o to_o be_v believe_v or_o insert_v here_o this_o year_n cenwal_n king_n of_o the_o westsaxon_n fight_v at_o bradenford_n dclii_o near_o the_o river_n aftâ—ne_n in_o wiltshire_n but_o it_o be_v pity_n that_o our_o annal_n have_v not_o tell_v we_o against_o who_o he_o fight_v which_o i_o can_v find_v in_o any_o author_n tho'_o it_o be_v
gift_n do_v confirm_v it_o with_o christ_n cross_n before_o the_o archbishop_n deus_fw-la dedit_fw-la then_o follow_v the_o subscription_n of_o the_o king_n and_o other_o of_o the_o blood_n royal_a viz._n oswi_n king_n of_o northumberland_n king_n sygar_o king_n sibbi_n ethelred_n the_o king_n brother_n together_o with_o his_o sister_n above_o name_v as_o also_o of_o deus_fw-la dedit_fw-la archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n after_o who_o follow_v the_o subscription_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bishop_n together_o with_o some_o presbyter_n and_o saxulf_n the_o abbot_n as_o also_o of_o divers_a eolderman_n or_o governor_n of_o country_n who_o with_o divers_a other_o of_o the_o king_n be_v great_a man_n do_v likewise_o confirm_v it_o this_o charter_n be_v make_v in_o the_o year_n after_o our_o lord_n nativity_n 664_o be_v the_o seven_o year_n of_o king_n wulfer_n reign_n they_o do_v then_o also_o denounce_v the_o curse_n of_o god_n and_o all_o his_o saint_n against_o all_o that_o shall_v violate_v any_o thing_n that_o be_v there_o do_v to_o which_o they_o all_o answer_v amen_n as_o soon_o as_o this_o be_v over_o the_o king_n send_v to_o rome_n to_o pope_n vitalian_n desire_v he_o to_o confirm_v all_o that_o he_o have_v grant_v by_o his_o letter_n or_o bull_n which_o the_o pope_n immediate_o perform_v be_v to_o the_o same_o effect_n with_o the_o king_n charter_n already_o mention_v in_o this_o manner_n be_v the_o monastery_n of_o medeshamsted_n found_v which_o be_v afterward_o call_v burgh_n now_o peterburgh_n but_o to_o return_v again_o to_o civil_a affair_n have_v dwell_v i_o doubt_v too_o long_o upon_o ecclesiastical_a this_o year_n kenwalk_n king_n of_o the_o westsaxon_n fight_v against_o the_o welsh_a dclviii_o at_o a_o place_n call_v peonnum_n and_o pursue_v they_o as_o far_o as_o pedridan_n of_o which_o fight_n h._n huntingdon_n give_v we_o this_o further_a account_n that_o at_o the_o first_o onset_n the_o britain_n be_v too_o hard_o for_o the_o english_a but_o 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the_o same_o year_n also_o according_a to_o florence_n of_o worcester_n cuthr_v the_o son_n of_o cuichelm_fw-ge a_o cousin_n to_o king_n cenwalch_n as_o also_o kenbryht_v the_o eolderman_n great_a grandson_n to_o king_n ceawlin_fw-ge and_o father_n of_o king_n cadwalla_n die_v this_o year_n according_a to_o the_o saxon_a annal_n king_n cenwalch_n fight_v about_o the_o time_n of_o easter_n with_o king_n wulfher_o at_o posentesbyrig_n suppose_a to_o be_v pontesbury_n in_o shropshire_n dclxi_o and_o wulfher_o the_o son_n of_o penda_n waste_v the_o country_n as_o far_o as_o aescesdune_n now_o aston_n near_o wallingford_n and_o cuthr_v the_o son_n of_o culthelm_n as_o also_o king_n kenbryht_v die_v the_o same_o year_n according_a to_o 13._o bede_n wulfher_o take_v the_o isle_n of_o wight_n with_o the_o country_n of_o the_o meanvari_n and_o give_v they_o to_o athelwald_n king_n of_o the_o south_n saxon_n because_o he_o have_v be_v that_o king_n godfather_n at_o his_o baptism_n and_o eoppa_n the_o priest_n at_o the_o command_n of_o bishop_n wilfrid_n and_o king_n wulfher_o first_o of_o all_o offer_a baptism_n to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o island_n whether_o they_o accept_v it_o or_o not_o be_v very_o uncertain_a but_o i_o can_v but_o here_o observe_v the_o uncertainty_n of_o the_o history_n of_o these_o time_n for_o ethelwerd_n in_o his_o chronicle_n under_o this_o year_n and_o at_o this_o very_a place_n above_o mention_v relate_v that_o cenwalk_n have_v the_o victory_n and_o carry_v away_o wulfher_o prisoner_n these_o meanvari_n here_o mention_v by_o bede_n be_v suppose_v by_o mr._n camden_n in_o his_o britannia_n to_o have_v be_v the_o people_n of_o that_o part_n of_o hampshire_n lie_v over_o against_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n this_o year_n also_o sigebert_n king_n of_o the_o east-saxons_a tho'_o stand_v firm_a in_o the_o christian_a faith_n be_v as_o bede_n tell_v we_o wicked_o murder_v by_o the_o conspiracy_n of_o two_o brethren_n in_o place_n near_o about_o he_o who_o be_v ask_v what_o move_v they_o to_o do_v so_o wicked_a a_o deeed_o 22._o give_v no_o other_o than_o this_o barbarous_a answer_n that_o they_o be_v angry_a with_o he_o for_o be_v so_o gentle_a to_o his_o enemy_n as_o to_o forgive_v they_o their_o injury_n when_o ever_o they_o beseech_v he_o but_o the_o occasion_n of_o his_o death_n be_v much_o more_o remarkable_a for_o one_o of_o those_o earl_n who_o slay_v he_o live_v in_o unlawful_a wedlock_n dclxi_o stand_v thereof_o excommunicate_v by_o the_o bishop_n so_o that_o no_o man_n may_v presume_v to_o enter_v into_o his_o house_n much_o less_o to_o eat_v with_o he_o the_o king_n not_o regard_v this_o church-censure_n go_v to_o a_o feast_n at_o his_o house_n upon_o a_o invitation_n who_o the_o bishop_n meet_v in_o his_o return_n tho'_o penitent_a for_o what_o he_o have_v do_v and_o fall_v at_o his_o foot_n yet_o gentle_o touch_v with_o the_o rod_n in_o his_o hand_n and_o be_v provoke_v thus_o foretell_v m._n because_o thou_o have_v neglect_v to_o abstain_v from_o the_o house_n of_o this_o excommunicate_a in_o that_o house_n thou_o shall_v die_v and_o so_o it_o fall_v out_o not_o long_o after_o perhaps_o from_o that_o prediction_n god_n then_o bear_v witness_n to_o his_o minister_n in_o the_o due_a power_n of_o church_n discipline_n when_o spiritual_o execute_v on_o the_o contemner_n thereof_o yet_o bede_n be_v so_o charitable_a as_o to_o believe_v that_o the_o unfortunate_a death_n of_o this_o religious_a prince_n do_v not_o only_o atone_v for_o his_o fault_n but_o may_v also_o increase_v his_o merit_n to_o sigebert_n swidhelm_n the_o son_n of_o sexbald_n succeed_v in_o that_o kingdom_n who_o be_v baptise_a by_o bishop_n cedda_n in_o the_o province_n of_o the_o east-angle_n in_o the_o royal_a village_n call_v rendlesham_n edelwald_n king_n of_o that_o country_n who_o be_v the_o brother_n of_o king_n anna_n be_v his_o godfather_n the_o sun_n be_v now_o eclipse_v five_o o_o non_fw-la maij_fw-la and_o ercenbryht_a king_n of_o kent_n depart_v this_o life_n dclxiv_o and_o ecgbryht_v his_o son_n succeed_v he_o in_o that_o kingdom_n as_o for_o king_n ercombert_n will._n malmesbury_n give_v he_o a_o very_a good_a character_n be_v famous_a for_o his_o religion_n to_o god_n and_o his_o love_n to_o his_o country_n but_o he_o have_v no_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n save_v only_o by_o election_n have_v a_o elder_a brother_n call_v ermenred_n who_o be_v alive_a at_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o reign_n and_o leave_v two_o son_n behind_o he_o coleman_n also_o with_o his_o companion_n then_o depart_v to_o his_o own_o nation_n the_o same_o year_n there_o be_v a_o great_a plague_n over_o all_o the_o isle_n of_o britain_n in_o which_o perish_v tuda_n the_o bishop_n and_o be_v bury_v at_o wagele_n which_o bede_n call_v pegnale_v also_o ceadda_n and_o wilverth_n be_v now_o consecrate_a bishop_n and_o the_o same_o year_n too_o the_o archbishop_n deus_fw-la dedit_fw-la die_v after_o who_o the_o see_v remain_v void_a for_o four_o year_n but_o of_o the_o occasion_n of_o this_o departure_n of_o coleman_n bede_n have_v give_v we_o a_o long_a and_o particular_a account_n viz._n that_o a_o synod_n be_v call_v at_o streanshall_a now_o whitby_n in_o yorkshire_n by_o the_o procurement_n of_o hilda_n the_o abbess_n of_o that_o place_n tho'_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o king_n oswi_n 25._o who_o be_v there_o present_a concern_v the_o old_a difference_n about_o the_o observation_n of_o easter_n wilfred_n the_o abbot_n and_o romanus_n a_o priest_n be_v very_o earnest_a for_o the_o observation_n of_o it_o according_a to_o the_o order_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n and_o coleman_n bishop_n of_o lindisfarne_n be_v as_o zealous_a on_o the_o other_o side_n but_o after_o many_o argument_n pro_fw-la and_o con_v which_o you_o may_v find_v at_o large_a in_o bede_n the_o synod_n at_o last_o determine_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o romish_a easter_n it_o so_o far_o displease_v
hold_v it_o thirty_o three_o year_n william_n of_o malmesbury_n make_v he_o to_o have_v be_v elect_v king_n by_o the_o general_n consent_v of_o his_o subject_n and_o that_o he_o do_v not_o deceive_v their_o expectation_n in_o govern_v they_o well_o the_o saxon_a chronicle_n here_o also_o proceed_v and_o give_v we_o his_o pedigree_n which_o be_v not_o to_o our_o purpose_n i_o omit_v only_o you_o may_v take_v notice_n that_o he_o be_v the_o son_n of_o one_o ecbert_n and_o not_o of_o the_o last_o king_n that_o reign_v as_o soon_o as_o ever_o he_o be_v make_v king_n he_o command_v a_o great_a council_n to_o be_v summon_v at_o a_o place_n call_v becanceld_a which_o though_o it_o be_v somewhere_o in_o kent_n yet_o no_o body_n certain_o know_v where_o it_o lay_v unless_o it_o be_v beckanham_n which_o lie_v near_o surry_n at_o which_o council_n wither_a himself_o be_v present_a as_o also_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o rochester_n and_o with_o they_o all_o the_o abbot_n and_o abbess_n together_o with_o many_o wise_a and_o prudent_a man_n who_o be_v there_o assemble_v dclxxxv_o that_o they_o may_v all_o take_v council_n about_o the_o repair_n of_o the_o church_n in_o kent_n then_o the_o king_n begin_v to_o speak_v thus_o i_o will_v that_o all_o church_n and_o monastery_n which_o have_v be_v give_v and_o endow_v for_o god_n glory_n in_o the_o day_n of_o the_o faithful_a king_n my_o predecessor_n shall_v remain_v so_o to_o god_n honour_n for_o ever_o therefore_o i_o wither_a be_v a_o earthly_a king_n yet_o move_v by_o the_o heavenly_a one_o have_v learn_v from_o our_o ancestor_n that_o no_o layman_n ought_v to_o have_v right_a to_o meddle_v with_o any_o church_n or_o any_o of_o those_o thing_n that_o belong_v to_o it_o wherefore_o we_o do_v firm_o decree_v and_o appoint_v and_o in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o omnipotent_a god_n and_o all_o his_o saint_n do_v strait_o forbid_v all_o the_o king_n our_o successor_n with_o all_o ealderman_n i._n e._n governor_n or_o judge_n and_o other_o layman_n to_o exercise_v any_o lordship_n or_o dominion_n over_o those_o church_n and_o their_o possâ—ssions_n which_o either_o i_o or_o my_o predecessor_n have_v give_v for_o the_o honour_n of_o christ_n and_o our_o lady_n st._n marry_o and_o all_o the_o saint_n but_o when_o it_o shall_v happen_v that_o a_o bishop_n or_o any_o abbot_n or_o abbess_n shall_v depart_v this_o life_n let_v it_o be_v tell_v the_o archbishop_n that_o by_o his_o command_n one_o may_v be_v choose_v who_o be_v most_o worthy_a moreover_o let_v the_o archbishop_n make_v good_a trial_n of_o his_o life_n who_o shall_v be_v elect_v to_o so_o holy_a a_o function_n neither_o let_v any_o one_o be_v elect_v or_o consecrate_a without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o archbishop_n for_o as_o it_o be_v the_o king_n duty_n to_o appoint_v ealderman_n sheriff_n and_o judge_n so_o it_o be_v the_o archbishop_n to_o govern_v the_o church_n of_o god_n and_o to_o take_v care_n of_o it_o as_o also_o to_o appoint_v and_o elect_v bishops'_o abbot_n and_o abbess_n presbyter_n and_o deacon_n as_o also_o to_o consecrate_v confirm_v and_o instruct_v they_o by_o his_o good_a precept_n and_o example_n lest_o any_o of_o god_n flock_n shall_v wonder_v out_o of_o the_o way_n and_o perish_v this_o passage_n be_v find_v in_o the_o cottonian_a copy_n of_o the_o saxon_a annal_n i_o think_v good_a to_o insert_v as_o a_o monument_n of_o the_o ancient_a power_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n as_o governor_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n though_o then_o under_o the_o power_n of_o the_o pope_n in_o ecclesiastical_a matter_n these_o be_v the_o chief_a head_n of_o this_o famous_a council_n not_o do_v the_o other_o copy_n in_o sir_n h._n spelman_n collection_n differ_v much_o from_o this_o in_o the_o saxon_a annal_n only_o there_o follow_v the_o subscription_n of_o king_n wither_a and_o werburge_n his_o queen_n who_o subscribe_v for_o herself_o and_o the_o prince_n her_o son_n then_o follow_v those_o of_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n and_o after_o they_o of_o five_o abbess_n of_o that_o kingdom_n which_o show_v they_o to_o have_v be_v present_a at_o this_o council_n but_o whether_o as_o consenter_n or_o voter_n or_o else_o as_o bare_a witness_n i_o shall_v not_o determine_v but_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o their_o name_n be_v write_v not_o only_o before_o all_o the_o presbyter_n but_o also_o before_o botre_v a_o bishop_n though_o of_o what_o diocese_n be_v not_o specify_v but_o to_o return_v to_o civil_a affair_n about_o this_o time_n also_o as_o bede_n relate_v though_o no_o historian_n have_v give_v we_o the_o year_n sebbi_n king_n of_o the_o east-saxons_a be_v fit_a for_o a_o bishop_n than_o a_o king_n and_o be_v at_o last_o take_v with_o a_o great_a bodily_a infirmity_n prefer_v a_o private_a life_n before_o a_o crown_n and_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o habit_n of_o a_o monk_n with_o the_o benediction_n of_o waldhere_v 11._o than_o bishop_n and_o successor_n to_o erkenwald_n in_o the_o see_v of_o london_n so_o this_o pious_a king_n after_o he_o have_v bestow_v a_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n in_o charity_n soon_o depart_v this_o life_n leave_v his_o son_n sighard_n and_o senfrid_n to_o succeed_v he_o this_o year_n the_o southumbers_n that_o be_v the_o mercian_n kill_v ostrythe_o the_o wife_n of_o ethelred_n their_o late_a king_n dcxcvii_o and_o the_o sister_n of_o king_n egfrid_n h._n huntingdon_n call_v it_o a_o vile_a wickedness_n but_o will_v not_o or_o can_v not_o give_v we_o the_o reason_n why_o they_o do_v so_o nor_o what_o punishment_n be_v inflict_v upon_o they_o for_o it_o this_o year_n likewise_o be_v hold_v the_o council_n of_o berghamsted_n in_o kent_n bertwald_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n gibmund_n bishop_n of_o rochester_n and_o all_o the_o ecclesiastical_a order_n of_o that_o kingdom_n together_o with_o all_o the_o lay_v or_o military_a man_n be_v there_o assemble_v by_o the_o common_a and_o unanimous_a assent_n of_o all_o dclxxiv_o they_o decree_v these_o law_n shall_v be_v add_v to_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o kentish_a man_n the_o constitution_n of_o this_o council_n be_v call_v in_o the_o saxon_a title_n the_o judgement_n or_o doom_n of_o king_n wightre_v but_o tho'_o they_o relate_v chief_o to_o ecclesiastical_a matter_n yet_o i_o shall_v here_o insert_v some_o of_o the_o chief_a of_o they_o the_o first_o law_n be_v that_o the_o church_n shall_v be_v free_a and_o enjoy_v she_o own_o judgement_n rent_n and_o pension_n and_o that_o prayer_n be_v make_v for_o the_o king_n and_o his_o command_n obey_v not_o of_o necessity_n or_o compulsion_n but_o out_o of_o good_a will_n second_o if_o any_o military_a man_n call_v there_o a_o gesithcund-man_n in_o the_o saxon_a original_a shall_v after_o this_o council_n be_v end_v despise_v the_o king_n law_n and_o the_o judicial_a sentence_n of_o the_o bishop_n excommunication_n be_v take_v in_o adultery_n let_v he_o pay_v to_o his_o lord_n a_o 100_o shilling_n by_o which_o law_n it_o appear_v there_o be_v at_o this_o time_n knight_n service_n in_o england_n and_o also_o that_o slight_v of_o excommunication_n have_v no_o further_o temporal_a penalty_n than_o a_o pecuniary_a mulct_n and_o that_o it_o be_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o who_o he_o hold_v his_o land_n that_o he_o be_v to_o pay_v it_o appear_v by_o the_o next_o law_n by_o which_o it_o be_v appoint_v that_o if_o the_o adulterer_n be_v a_o country_n man_n or_o villager_n call_v there_o ceorlesman_n he_o shall_v pay_v fifty_o shilling_n to_o his_o lord_n yea_o tho'_o he_o do_v penance_n for_o that_o sin_n three_o if_o on_o saturday_n in_o the_o evening_n after_o the_o sun_n be_v set_v or_o on_o sunday_n evening_n after_o the_o same_o time_n a_o servant_n shall_v at_o the_o command_n of_o his_o master_n do_v any_o work_n let_v his_o master_n redeem_v the_o offence_n with_o pay_v eighty_o shilling_n four_o if_o a_o layman_n kill_v a_o thief_n let_v he_o lie_v without_o any_o wiregild_n that_o be_v without_o make_v any_o satisfaction_n to_o the_o friend_n of_o the_o party_n slay_v this_o year_n also_o the_o pict_n slay_v bert_n the_o ealderman_n h._n huntingdon_n ascribe_v this_o to_o the_o curse_n of_o the_o irish_a nation_n who_o church_n he_o have_v in_o the_o late_a invasion_n destroy_v for_o as_o king_n egfrid_n invade_v the_o country_n of_o the_o pict_n be_v there_o cut_v off_o so_o enter_v their_o country_n to_o revenge_v the_o death_n of_o his_o master_n he_o be_v likewise_o slay_v mat._n westminster_n call_v this_o ealderman_n brithric_n earl_n of_o the_o northumber_n but_o from_o what_o authority_n i_o know_v not_o i_o shall_v conclude_v this_o century_n with_o a_o very_a remarkable_a transaction_n out_o of_o bede_n that_o happen_v about_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o it_o egbert_n a_o english_a priest_n live_v
the_o ruin_n which_o the_o mercian_n arm_n and_o tyranny_n have_v bring_v upon_o the_o church_n of_o the_o east_n angle_n reduce_v by_o war_n to_o extreme_a poverty_n and_o consequent_o to_o a_o neglect_n of_o piety_n and_o ecclesiastical_a discipline_n and_o thus_o he_o reign_v 14_o year_n in_o peace_n with_o the_o affection_n of_o all_o his_o subject_n till_o god_n be_v please_v by_o send_v the_o pagan_a dane_n as_o a_o scourge_n to_o his_o country_n to_o render_v this_o prince_n a_o high_a example_n of_o christian_a fortitude_n and_o constancy_n king_n ethelbald_n and_o king_n ethelred_n after_o the_o death_n of_o ethelwulf_n king_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n dccclvii_o his_o two_o elder_a son_n divide_v their_o father_n kingdom_n according_a to_o his_o will_n ethelbald_n his_o elder_a son_n succeed_v he_o in_o west_n saxony_n whilst_o his_o young_a brother_n ethelred_n reign_v in_o kent_n as_o also_o over_o the_o east_n and_o south_n saxon_n and_o now_o according_a to_o our_o annal_n the_o pope_n hear_v of_o the_o death_n of_o king_n ethelwulf_n anoint_a alfred_n to_o be_v king_n and_o also_o deliver_v he_o to_o a_o bishop_n to_o be_v confirm_v dccclvii_o if_o this_o be_v so_o the_o king_n his_o father_n must_v have_v leave_v he_o behind_o at_o rome_n for_o asser_n say_v express_o that_o he_o go_v thither_o with_o he_o but_o over_o what_o kingdom_n the_o pope_n shall_v anoint_v he_o i_o know_v not_o unless_o foretell_v by_o way_n of_o prophecy_n he_o will_v be_v king_n after_o his_o brother_n but_o as_o for_o king_n ethelbald_n abovementioned_a both_o engulf_n and_o will._n of_o malmesbury_n give_v he_o a_o very_a bad_a character_n that_o he_o marry_v judeth_n his_o father_n widow_n and_o be_v also_o beside_o both_o lazy_a and_o perfidious_a but_o sacr._n thomas_n redborne_n in_o his_o large_a history_n of_o winchester_n say_z that_o by_o the_o admonition_n of_o swithin_n bishop_n of_o that_o church_n he_o repent_v of_o his_o incest_n and_o put_v away_o jude_v his_o mother-in-law_n and_o observe_v all_o thing_n that_o the_o bishop_n enjoin_v he_o this_o author_n far_o relate_v from_o one_o gerard_n of_o cornwal_n history_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_a king_n not_o now_o extant_a that_o i_o know_v of_o that_o he_o die_v in_o a_o few_o year_n after_o without_o do_v or_o suffer_v any_o thing_n that_o deserve_v to_o be_v mention_v for_o we_o do_v not_o find_v that_o the_o dane_n trouble_v this_o kingdom_n all_o his_o reign_n concern_v the_o length_n of_o which_o there_o be_v very_o different_a relation_n among_o our_o historian_n the_o saxon_a annal_n and_o william_n of_o malmesbury_n make_v he_o to_o have_v reign_v 5_o year_n whereas_o asser_n and_o ingulph_n allow_v he_o but_o two_o and_o a_o half_a which_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o true_a account_n for_o if_o king_n ethelwulf_n return_v from_o rome_n in_o the_o year_n 855_o and_o live_v above_o two_o year_n after_o it_o be_v plain_a king_n ethelbald_n can_v not_o reign_v above_o two_o year_n and_o a_o half_a for_o the_o saxon_a annal_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o the_o next_o year_n but_o one_o viz._n dccclx_o king_n ethelbald_n decease_v and_o that_o his_o body_n be_v bury_v at_o scireborne_v king_n ethelbert_n alone_o theâ—_n aethelbryght_a his_o brother_n take_v the_o kingdom_n and_o hold_v it_o in_o great_a concord_n and_o quiet_n i_o suppose_v our_o author_n mean_v from_o domestic_a commotion_n for_o he_o immediate_o tell_v we_o that_o in_o this_o king_n time_n there_o come_v a_o army_n of_o danes_n from_o the_o sea_n and_o take_v winchester_n with_o who_o in_o their_o return_n to_o their_o ship_n osric_n and_o aethelwulf_n the_o ealdorman_n with_o the_o hampshire_n and_o berkshire-man_n fight_v and_o put_v the_o dane_n to_o flight_n and_o keep_v the_o field_n of_o battle_n but_o the_o annal_n do_v not_o tell_v we_o in_o what_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n this_o invasion_n happen_v dccclxi_o '_o this_o year_n decease_v st._n swithune_n bishop_n of_o winchester_n now_o concern_v this_o holy_a bishop_n as_o also_o alstan_n bishop_n of_o shirbone_n la._n william_n of_o malmesbury_n give_v we_o this_o character_n which_o omit_v all_o the_o bedroll_n of_o miracle_n that_o follow_v i_o shall_v here_o set_v down_o king_n aethelwulf_n bear_v a_o great_a reverence_n to_o st._n swithune_n who_o he_o call_v his_o teacher_n and_o master_n desist_v not_o till_o he_o have_v honour_v he_o with_o the_o government_n of_o the_o say_a bishopric_n so_o that_o he_o be_v consecrate_a with_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n and_o joy_n of_o all_o the_o whole_a clergy_n of_o that_o diocese_n by_o cealâ—oth_n arch_a bishop_n of_o canterbury_n hereby_o bishop_n swithune_n authority_n increase_a his_o counsel_n for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o kingdom_n prove_v of_o great_a weight_n so_o that_o by_o his_o admonition_n both_o the_o church_n and_o state_n receive_v great_a benefit_n and_o indeed_o he_o be_v a_o rich_a treasure_n of_o all_o virtue_n but_o those_o in_o which_o he_o take_v most_o delight_n be_v humility_n and_o clemency_n and_o in_o the_o discharge_n of_o his_o episcopal_a function_n he_o omit_v nothing_o belong_v to_o a_o true_a pastor_n by_o his_o assistance_n principal_o dccclxv_o together_o with_o that_o of_o the_o prudent_a and_o courageous_a prelate_n alstan_n bishop_n of_o shirborne_n king_n aethelwulf_n be_v enable_v to_o support_v the_o calamity_n his_o kingdom_n suffer_v by_o the_o frequent_a eruption_n of_o the_o dane_n for_o these_o two_o be_v his_o principal_a counsellor_n in_o all_o affair_n bishop_n swithune_n who_o contemn_v worldly_a thing_n inform_v his_o lord_n in_o all_o matter_n which_o concern_v his_o soul_n whilst_o alstan_n judge_v that_o temporal_a advantage_n be_v not_o to_o be_v neglect_v encourage_v he_o to_o oppose_v the_o dane_n and_o provide_v money_n for_o his_o exchequer_n and_o also_o order_v his_o army_n so_o that_o tho'_o this_o king_n be_v of_o a_o slow_a unactive_a nature_n yet_o by_o the_o admonition_n of_o these_o two_o worthy_a counsellor_n he_o govern_v his_o kingdom_n prudent_o and_o happy_o many_o noble_a design_n for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o church_n and_o state_n be_v well_o begin_v be_v prosperous_o execute_v in_o his_o reign_n this_o year_n the_o danish_a army_n land_v in_o thanet_n and_o winter_v there_o make_v a_o league_n with_o the_o kentish-man_n who_o promise_v they_o money_n provide_v they_o will_v keep_v the_o peace_n under_o pretence_n of_o which_o and_o of_o the_o money_n promise_v the_o dane_n steal_v out_o of_o their_o camp_n and_o waste_v all_o the_o east_n part_n of_o kent_n for_o as_o asser_n well_o observe_v they_o know_v they_o can_v get_v more_o by_o plunder_n than_o by_o peace_n now_o according_a to_o the_o same_o annal_n king_n aethelbryht_v die_v dccclxvi_o to_o the_o great_a grief_n of_o his_o subject_n have_v govern_v the_o kingdom_n 5_o year_n with_o a_o general_a satisfaction_n and_o be_v bury_v at_o scyreburne_n near_o to_o his_o brother_n this_o prince_n be_v suppose_v to_o have_v have_v a_o son_n call_v ethelwald_n who_o you_o will_v find_v in_o this_o history_n to_o have_v raise_v a_o rebellion_n against_o king_n edward_n the_o elder_a many_o year_n after_o king_n ethelred_n then_o according_a to_o the_o annal_n aethelred_n brother_n to_o the_o late_a king_n begin_v his_o reign_n and_o the_o same_o year_n a_o great_a army_n of_o dane_n land_v in_o england_n and_o take_v up_o their_o winter_n quarter_n among_o the_o east_n angle_n and_o there_o turn_v horseman_n and_o that_o nation_n be_v force_v to_o make_v peace_n with_o they_o then_o the_o pagan_a army_n sail_v from_o the_o east_n angle_n dccclxvii_o and_o go_v up_o the_o river_n humber_n to_o the_o city_n of_o york_n where_o be_v at_o that_o time_n great_a discord_n between_o the_o people_n of_o that_o nation_n i_o shall_v here_o give_v you_o asser_n account_n of_o this_o transaction_n be_v to_o the_o same_o effect_n tho'_o more_o particular_a than_o that_o in_o the_o annal_n themselves_o for_o say_v he_o the_o northumber_n have_v now_o expel_v osbright_n their_o lawful_a king_n and_o have_v set_v up_o a_o tyrant_n or_o usurper_n one_o aella_n who_o be_v not_o descend_v of_o the_o royal_a line_n but_o now_o when_o the_o pagan_n invade_v they_o by_o the_o intercession_n of_o the_o great_a man_n and_o for_o the_o common_a safety_n the_o two_o king_n join_v their_o force_n and_o so_o march_v to_o york_n at_o who_o come_v the_o dane_n present_o flee_v and_o endeavour_v to_o defend_v themselves_o within_o the_o city_n which_o the_o christian_n perceive_v resolve_v to_o follow_v they_o to_o the_o very_a wall_n and_o break_v in_o and_o enter_v the_o town_n with_o they_o for_o it_o seem_v that_o city_n have_v not_o in_o those_o time_n such_o strong_a wall_n as_o they_o have_v when_o asser_n write_v his_o history_n therefore_o when_o the_o christian_n have_v make_v a_o breach_n in_o the_o wall_n as_o
now_o repair_v it_o and_o make_v it_o habitable_a and_o then_o commit_v it_o to_o the_o custody_n of_o his_o son-in-law_n ethered_a earl_n of_o the_o mercian_n and_o now_o all_o the_o english_a viz._n the_o mercian_n and_o kentishman_n as_o also_o the_o east_n and_o west_n saxon_n who_o have_v be_v before_o disperse_v or_o make_v prisoner_n with_o the_o dane_n be_v now_o return_v home_o put_v themselves_o under_o king_n alfred_n protection_n but_o these_o danish_a storm_n be_v pretty_a well_o blow_v over_o king_n alfred_n begin_v now_o to_o make_v some_o use_n of_o the_o learned_a man_n he_o have_v send_v for_o from_o abroad_o for_o as_o mr._n camden_n show_v we_o in_o his_o oxfordshire_n britannia_n we_o have_v a_o large_a account_n of_o the_o university_n of_o oxon._n under_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 886_o viz._n that_o in_o the_o second_o year_n of_o st._n grimbald_n come_v over_o into_o england_n the_o university_n of_o oxford_n be_v found_v the_o first_o regent_n there_o and_o reader_n in_o divinity_n be_v st._n neot_n a_o abbot_n a_o eminent_a professor_n of_o theology_n and_o st._n grimbald_n and_o eloquent_a and_o most_o excellent_a interpreter_n of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n whilst_o grammar_n and_o rhetoric_n be_v teach_v by_o asser_n a_o monk_n a_o man_n of_o extraordinary_a learning_n logic_n music_n and_o arithmetic_n be_v read_v by_o john_n a_o monk_n of_o st._n david_n geometry_n and_o astronomy_n be_v profess_v by_o john_n another_o monk_n and_o colleague_n of_o st._n grimbald_n one_o of_o a_o sharp_a wit_n and_o immense_a knowledge_n these_o lecture_n be_v often_o honour_v with_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o most_o illustrious_a and_o invincible_a monarch_n king_n aelfred_n which_o be_v also_o assert_v by_o will._n of_o malmesbury_n who_o tell_v we_o a_o constant_a tradition_n of_o his_o time_n that_o king_n alfred_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o neot_n the_o abbot_n first_o found_v public_a school_n of_o various_a art_n at_o oxford_n which_o be_v further_o confirm_v by_o a_o ancient_a manuscript_n copy_n of_o randolph_n higden_n polychron_n in_o bayliol_n college_n library_n which_o in_o the_o beginning_n treat_v of_o all_o the_o king_n of_o england_n when_o he_o come_v to_o king_n alfred_n say_v thus_o that_o he_o first_o found_v the_o university_n of_o oxford_n john_n rouse_v in_o his_o manuscript_n treatise_n de_fw-fr regibus_fw-la angliae_fw-la lib._n 1._o seem_v also_o to_o have_v see_v this_o passage_n in_o winchester_n annal_n and_o add_v three_o hall_n to_o have_v be_v thus_o build_v the_o one_o for_o grammar_n near_o the_o east_n gate_n the_o second_o near_o the_o north-gate_n for_o logician_n and_o the_o three_o in_o the_o high-street_n for_o divine_n but_o since_o this_o only_o prove_v that_o king_n alfred_n first_o found_v public_a school_n here_o and_o not_o that_o there_o be_v any_o such_o thing_n here_o before_o i_o shall_v recite_v also_o what_o follow_v as_o it_o be_v quote_v by_o the_o say_a mr._n camden_n out_o of_o a_o ancient_a copy_n of_o asser_n de_fw-fr gestis_fw-la alfredi_n which_o i_o can_v wish_v may_v clear_v this_o point_n about_o this_o time_n say_v he_o there_o arise_v a_o sharp_a and_o grievous_a dissension_n between_o grimbald_n and_o those_o learned_a man_n who_o he_o bring_v hither_o with_o he_o and_o the_o old_a scholar_n who_o he_o find_v here_o at_o his_o come_n for_o these_o absolute_o refuse_v to_o comply_v with_o the_o statute_n institution_n and_o form_n of_o read_v perscribe_v by_o grimbald_n the_o difference_n proceed_v to_o no_o great_a height_n for_o the_o space_n of_o three_o year_n yet_o there_o be_v always_o a_o private_a grudge_n and_o enmity_n between_o they_o which_o soon_o after_o break_v out_o with_o the_o utmost_a violence_n imaginable_a to_o appease_v these_o tumult_n the_o most_o invincible_a king_n aelfred_n be_v inform_v of_o the_o faction_n by_o a_o message_n and_o complaint_n from_o grimbald_n come_v to_o oxford_n to_o accommodate_v the_o matter_n and_o submit_v to_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o pain_n and_o patience_n to_o hear_v the_o cause_n and_o complaint_n of_o both_o party_n dccclxxvii_o the_o controversy_n depend_v upon_o this_o the_o old_a scholar_n maintain_v that_o before_o the_o come_n of_o grimbald_n to_o oxford_n learning_n do_v here_o flourish_v tho'_o the_o student_n be_v less_o in_o number_n than_o they_o have_v former_o be_v because_o very_o many_o of_o they_o have_v be_v expel_v by_o the_o cruel_a tyranny_n of_o the_o pagan_n they_o far_o declare_v and_o prove_v by_o the_o undoubted_a testimony_n of_o their_o ancient_a annal_n that_o good_a order_n and_o constitution_n for_o the_o government_n of_o that_o place_n have_v be_v already_o make_v by_o man_n of_o great_a piety_n and_o learning_n such_o as_o gildas_n melkin_n ninnias_fw-it kentigern_n and_o other_o who_o have_v there_o prosecute_v their_o study_n to_o a_o good_a old_a age_n all_o thing_n be_v then_o manage_v in_o happy_a peace_n and_o quiet_a and_o that_o st._n german_n come_v to_o oxford_n and_o reside_v there_o half_a a_o year_n after_o he_o have_v go_v through_o all_o england_n to_o preach_v down_o the_o pelagian_a heresy_n do_v well_o approve_v of_o their_o rule_n and_o order_n the_o king_n with_o incredible_a humility_n and_o great_a attention_n hear_v both_o party_n exhort_v they_o with_o pious_a and_o importunate_a entreaty_n to_o preserve_v love_n and_o amity_n with_o one_o another_o upon_o this_o he_o leave_v they_o in_o hope_n that_o they_o both_o will_v follow_v his_o advice_n and_o obey_v his_o instruction_n but_o grimbald_n resent_v these_o proceed_n retire_v immediate_o to_o the_o monastery_n of_o winchester_n which_o king_n aelfred_n have_v late_o found_v and_o soon_o after_o he_o get_v his_o tomb_n to_o be_v remove_v thither_o to_o he_o in_o which_o he_o have_v design_v his_o bone_n shall_v be_v put_v after_o his_o decease_n and_o lay_v in_o a_o vault_n under_o the_o chancel_n of_o the_o church_n of_o s._n peter_n in_o oxford_n which_o church_n the_o say_a grimbald_n have_v raise_v from_o the_o ground_n of_o stone_n hew_v and_o carve_v with_o great_a art_n but_o since_o it_o must_v be_v confess_v that_o this_o passage_n of_o the_o quarrel_n of_o st._n grimbald_n and_o the_o old_a scholar_n of_o oxford_n be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v in_o that_o ancient_a copy_n of_o asser_n which_o archbishop_n parker_n first_o publish_v in_o saxon_a character_n like_o those_o in_o which_o it_o be_v write_v be_v still_o extant_a in_o the_o cottonian_a library_n yet_o though_o it_o be_v publish_v by_o mr._n camden_n in_o that_o edition_n of_o asser_n which_o be_v print_v at_o frankford_n in_o 1603._o the_o original_a of_o which_o the_o lord_n primate_n usher_n in_o his_o ant._n brit._n eccles._n express_o tell_v we_o mr._n camden_n never_o see_v from_o whence_o sir_n john_n spelman_n in_o his_o latin_a history_n of_o the_o life_n of_o king_n aelfred_n have_v make_v a_o very_a hard_a inference_n as_o if_o that_o clause_n be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v in_o any_o of_o the_o ancient_a copy_n of_o that_o author_n but_o have_v be_v foist_v in_o either_o by_o the_o publisher_n or_o else_o by_o mr._n camden_n himself_o tho'_o this_o author_n do_v not_o say_v so_o in_o express_a term_n i_o shall_v therefore_o repeat_v in_o short_a what_o mr._n ant._n wood_n have_v answer_v to_o this_o objection_n in_o the_o ix_o antiquity_n of_o the_o university_n of_o oxford_n from_o a_o manuscript_n testimonial_a under_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o learned_a mr._n twine_n viz._n that_o he_o himself_o long_o after_o discourse_v with_o mr._n camden_n on_o this_o subject_a and_o ask_v he_o express_o about_o this_o passage_n who_o authority_n begin_v to_o be_v then_o question_v his_o answer_n be_v that_o he_o very_o well_o know_v that_o he_o have_v true_o transcribe_v that_o passage_n from_o a_o ancient_a manuscript_n of_o asser_n which_o he_o have_v then_o by_o he_o and_o which_o as_o the_o say_a mr._n wood_n in_o his_o note_n tell_v we_o than_o belong_v to_o sir_n henry_n savile_n of_o bank_n near_o halifax_n in_o yorkshire_n but_o i_o shall_v not_o now_o take_v upon_o i_o to_o answer_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o objection_n which_o the_o say_a sir_n john_n spelman_n do_v there_o produce_v against_o the_o validity_n of_o the_o above_o cite_v passage_n which_o suppose_v public_a school_n to_o have_v be_v at_o oxford_n before_o king_n alfred_n time_n for_o they_o be_v all_o reduceable_a to_o these_o two_o head_n first_o the_o express_a word_n of_o the_o annal_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o hyde_n abovementioned_a as_o also_o that_o of_o polychronicon_n that_o king_n alfred_n be_v the_o first_o king_n who_o found_v a_o university_n there_o dccclxviii_o all_o which_o may_v be_v answer_v by_o allow_v that_o to_o be_v true_a in_o respect_n of_o a_o university_n endow_v with_o privilege_n and_o distinct_a hall_n and_o college_n build_v on_o purpose_n and_o
command_v they_o to_o be_v observe_v by_o all_o englishman_n under_o which_o name_n the_o saxon_a and_o jute_n be_v then_o include_v the_o first_o of_o his_o law_n require_v as_o most_o necessary_a to_o all_o his_o subject_n that_o each_o man_n keep_v his_o oath_n or_o pledge_n i._n e._n his_o promise_n to_o observe_v the_o law_n and_o keep_v the_o peace_n and_o if_o any_o shall_v be_v compel_v to_o swear_v or_o deposit_v a_o pledge_n whereby_o he_o may_v be_v bind_v to_o betray_v his_o lord_n or_o unjust_o to_o assist_v any_o person_n he_o ought_v to_o break_v his_o promise_n rather_o than_o perform_v it_o but_o in_o case_n he_o have_v engage_v to_o perform_v any_o thing_n which_o may_v just_o be_v do_v and_o do_v it_o not_o his_o arm_n and_o all_o his_o personal_a estate_n shall_v be_v put_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o his_o friend_n and_o he_o himself_o keep_v in_o the_o king_n prison_n for_o forty_o day_n till_o he_o undergo_v that_o penance_n which_o the_o bishop_n shall_v enjoin_v he_o and_o also_o his_o friend_n i._n e._n relation_n require_v of_o he_o but_o if_o he_o have_v not_o wherewith_o to_o sustain_v himself_o in_o the_o mean_a while_n if_o his_o kindred_n be_v not_o able_a to_o provide_v he_o victual_n the_o king_n officer_n shall_v do_v it_o but_o if_o he_o resist_v and_o be_v take_v by_o force_n he_o shall_v forfeit_v both_o his_o arm_n and_o his_o personal_a estate_n and_o if_o he_o be_v kill_v nothing_o shall_v be_v pay_v as_o the_o value_n of_o his_o head_n and_o in_o case_n he_o escape_v before_o his_o time_n viz._n of_o forty_o day_n be_v out_o and_o be_v retake_v he_o shall_v be_v return_v back_o again_o to_o prison_n for_o other_o forty_o day_n if_o he_o escape_v he_o shall_v have_v no_o benefit_n of_o the_o law_n but_o be_v excommunicate_v from_o all_o christ_n church_n and_o if_o any_o man_n have_v be_v security_n in_o his_o behalf_n he_o shall_v make_v satisfaction_n for_o it_o according_a to_o right_n and_o do_v pennance_n till_o he_o make_v such_o satisfaction_n as_o his_o priest_n shall_v appoint_v the_o second_o bear_v the_o title_n of_o the_o immunity_n of_o the_o church_n and_o we_o shall_v speak_v of_o it_o among_o the_o ecclesiastical_a constitution_n the_o three_o be_v concern_v the_o breach_n of_o the_o king_n surety-ship_n by_o the_o payment_n of_o a_o mulct_n of_o five_o pound_n of_o mercian_n i.e._n large_a money_n but_o the_o violation_n of_o surety-ship_n or_o the_o peace_n make_v to_o a_o archbishop_n by_o a_o fine_a of_o three_o pound_n and_o if_o any_o one_o break_n or_o forfeit_v the_o king_n pledge_n or_o recognizance_n he_o shall_v make_v amends_o according_a to_o right_n and_o the_o breach_n of_o the_o surety-ship_n to_o a_o bishop_n or_o ealdorman_n by_o two_o pound_n the_o four_o law_n be_v concern_v the_o death_n of_o the_o king_n or_o any_o other_o lord_n if_o any_o one_o that_o either_o by_o himself_o alone_o or_o by_o any_o other_o person_n shall_v attempt_v against_o the_o king_n life_n he_o shall_v lose_v his_o life_n and_o good_n but_o if_o he_o will_v purge_v himself_o let_v he_o do_v it_o according_a to_o the_o valuation_n of_o the_o king_n head_n the_o same_o be_v also_o ordain_v in_o all_o judgement_n concern_v other_o man_n whether_o noble_a or_o ignoble_a whosoever_o conspire_v against_o his_o lord_n shall_v lose_v both_o his_o life_n and_o estate_n or_o else_o pay_v the_o valuation_n of_o his_o lord_n head_n from_o which_o law_n we_o may_v observe_v that_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o those_o time_n there_o be_v a_o rate_n set_v upon_o every_o man_n life_n even_o upon_o the_o king_n himself_n if_o he_o be_v kill_v the_o seven_o law_n be_v against_o fighter_n in_o the_o king_n palace_n dccclxxxvii_o if_o any_o man_n shall_v fight_v or_o shall_v draw_v a_o weapon_n in_o his_o house_n his_o life_n shall_v lie_v at_o the_o king_n mercy_n whether_o he_o will_v pardon_v he_o or_o not_o but_o if_o the_o offender_n flee_v and_o be_v take_v he_o shall_v redeem_v his_o life_n with_o the_o price_n of_o his_o head_n or_o be_v fine_v according_a to_o his_o offence_n whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o offender_n may_v have_v redeem_v this_o crime_n with_o money_n at_o the_o first_o or_o else_o the_o last_o clause_n have_v be_v vain_a the_o nine_o law_n ordain_v what_o mulct_n a_o man_n shall_v pay_v that_o kill_v a_o woman_n with_o child_n which_o be_v to_o be_v according_a to_o the_o value_n of_o her_o head_n and_o he_o be_v also_o to_o pay_v for_o the_o child_n in_o her_o womb_n half_o as_o much_o as_o for_o a_o live_a one_o according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o its_o father_n the_o ten_o ordain_v what_o fine_n or_o amends_o every_o man_n shall_v pay_v to_o a_o husband_n for_o commit_v adultery_n with_o his_o wife_n which_o be_v to_o be_v increase_v according_a to_o the_o estate_n or_o quality_n of_o he_o against_o who_o the_o offence_n be_v commit_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o law_n be_v about_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o mulct_n appoint_v for_o several_a theft_n i_o omit_v the_o eleven_o appoint_v what_o mulct_n a_o man_n shall_v pay_v that_o wanton_o handle_v the_o breast_n of_o a_o country_n man_n wife_n or_o offer_v she_o any_o violence_n as_o by_o fling_v she_o down_o etc._n etc._n though_o he_o do_v not_o lie_v with_o she_o this_o show_v how_o careful_a the_o ancient_a english_a saxon_n be_v of_o the_o person_n and_o chastity_n even_o of_o the_o mean_a subject_n i_o shall_v skip_v over_o a_o great_a many_o of_o the_o other_o law_n they_o only_o ordain_v penalty_n for_o several_a petty_a trespass_n and_o small_a offence_n and_o shall_v pass_v to_o the_o twenty_o six_o law_n which_o appoint_v what_o mulct_n shall_v be_v pay_v by_o those_o who_o shall_v kill_v in_o troop_n or_o company_n and_o also_o to_o who_o these_o mulct_n be_v to_o be_v pay_v if_o the_o slay_a and_o innocent_a party_n be_v a_o ordinary_a person_n that_o be_v one_o who_o head_n be_v value_v but_o at_o two_o hundred_o shilling_n he_o that_o slay_v he_o must_v pay_v the_o value_n of_o his_o head_n and_o a_o fine_a beside_o to_o his_o kindred_n also_o every_o one_o that_o be_v in_o the_o company_n must_v pay_v thirty_o shilling_n which_o penalty_n be_v still_o to_o be_v increase_v according_a to_o the_o value_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o party_n slay_v so_o that_o as_o the_o penalty_n for_o the_o death_n of_o a_o man_n value_v at_o twelve_o hundred_o shilling_n every_o one_o that_o be_v present_a shall_v pay_v 120_o shilling_n and_o the_o man_n slayer_n himself_o the_o price_n of_o his_o head_n and_o a_o fine_a besides_o but_o in_o case_n the_o whole_a company_n shall_v deny_v that_o he_o give_v the_o mortal_a wound_n all_o of_o they_o be_v to_o be_v impeach_v together_o and_o to_o pay_v both_o the_o value_n and_o the_o fine_a beside_o now_o concern_v this_o troop_n or_o company_n which_o our_o saxon_a ancestor_n call_v hlothe_v how_o many_o man_n make_v up_o one_o of_o they_o the_o reader_n may_v please_v to_o take_v notice_n that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o king_n ina_n they_o be_v to_o be_v above_o thirty_o dâ—cclxxxvii_n the_o twenty_o seven_o appoint_v what_o share_n of_o the_o mulct_n or_o satisfaction_n a_o man_n kindred_n by_o the_o mother_n side_n shall_v receive_v in_o case_n he_o have_v no_o kindred_n on_o his_o father_n side_n and_o what_o share_n those_o of_o his_o guild_n or_o fraternity_n shall_v pay_v in_o case_n he_o have_v commit_v manslaughter_n in_o a_o quarrel_n viz._n the_o former_a shall_v pay_v a_o three_o part_n and_o the_o latter_a one_o half_a of_o the_o price_n of_o the_o head_n of_o the_o party_n slay_v but_o whether_o by_o those_o here_o mention_v of_o the_o same_o guild_n be_v mean_v such_o as_o be_v fellow_n contributor_n to_o the_o same_o parish_n feast_n in_o honour_n of_o the_o saint_n as_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o those_o time_n or_o else_o which_o be_v more_o likely_a such_o as_o be_v bind_v together_o in_o the_o same_o decenary_a or_o tything_n it_o be_v very_o obscure_a i_o shall_v not_o take_v upon_o i_o to_o determine_v the_o twenty_o eight_o law_n be_v make_v against_o public_a defamer_n or_o spreader_n of_o false_a news_n whereby_o be_v mean_v spreader_n of_o false_a news_n against_o the_o government_n and_o command_v that_o such_o a_o one_o be_v convict_v shall_v suffer_v no_o less_o punishment_n than_o the_o cut_n out_o of_o his_o tongue_n except_o he_o redeem_v it_o by_o payment_n of_o the_o value_n of_o his_o head_n and_o even_o then_o he_o be_v afterward_o to_o be_v esteem_v of_o no_o credit_n the_o thirty_o ordain_v that_o merchant_n when_o they_o land_n shall_v bring_v such_o as_o come_v on_o shore_n with_o they_o before_o the_o king_n officer_n in_o folcmote_a and_o
council_n at_o london_n as_o well_o of_o ecclesiastic_n as_o laic_n where_o be_v present_a odo_n and_o wulstan_n archbishop_n with_o many_o other_o bishop_n to_o consult_v for_o the_o good_a of_o their_o own_o soul_n and_o of_o those_o that_o be_v commit_v to_o their_o care_n and_o government_n at_o which_o synod_n or_o council_n be_v enact_v several_a law_n viz._n but_o they_o be_v six_o in_o number_n of_o mere_a ecclesiastical_a concernment_n as_o for_o pay_v tithe_n and_o against_o fornication_n with_o nun_n and_o perjury_n i_o omit_v they_o then_o follow_v in_o bromton_n copy_n seven_o other_o constitution_n of_o civil_a concernment_n say_v to_o have_v be_v make_v by_o the_o king_n his_o bishop_n and_o wise_a man_n at_o cullington_n not_o extant_a in_o the_o saxon_a edition_n the_o first_o of_o these_o require_v a_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o be_v take_v by_o all_o to_o king_n edmund_n in_o like_a manner_n as_o a_o man_n ought_v to_o bear_v faith_n to_o his_o lord_n without_o any_o controversy_n or_o sedition_n both_o in_o public_a and_o private_a to_o love_v who_o the_o king_n shall_v love_v and_o to_o hate_v who_o he_o shall_v hate_v and_o before_o the_o oath_n be_v give_v that_o no_o man_n shall_v conceal_v a_o crime_n in_o his_o brother_n or_o neighbour_n more_o than_o in_o a_o stranger_n the_o second_o concern_v the_o apprehension_n of_o thief_n enjoin_v that_o if_o it_o be_v know_v for_o certain_a where_o a_o thief_n be_v the_o twelfhind_a and_o twihind_v man_n i._n e._n the_o former_a worth_n twelve_o hundred_o and_o the_o latter_a two_o hundred_o shilling_n of_o estate_n shall_v combine_v together_o and_o take_v he_o either_o alive_a or_o dead_a but_o in_o case_n any_o man_n take_v up_o a_o mortal_a feud_n against_o another_o for_o so_o do_v he_o be_v to_o be_v esteem_v as_o the_o enemy_n of_o the_o king_n and_o all_o his_o friend_n and_o if_o any_o refuse_v to_o assist_v in_o his_o apprehension_n he_o shall_v forfeit_v to_o the_o king_n a_o 120_o shilling_n and_o to_o the_o hundred_o 30_o shilling_n the_o four_o enjoin_v that_o if_o several_a thief_n do_v steal_v the_o elder_a of_o they_o shall_v be_v hang_v and_o each_o of_o the_o rest_n be_v whip_v thrice_o and_o for_o a_o example_n have_v his_o little_a finger_n cut_v off_o this_o i_o take_v notice_n of_o because_o it_o be_v the_o first_o law_n whereby_o thief_n be_v express_o order_v to_o be_v hang_v without_o be_v admit_v to_o pay_v their_o weregild_n or_o price_n of_o their_o head_n the_o five_o and_o six_o be_v against_o buy_v and_o receive_v stranger_n cattle_n i_o pass_v by_o the_o seven_o enjoin_v that_o every_o person_n make_v his_o servant_n and_o all_o that_o live_v within_o his_o peace_n i._n e._n his_o district_n and_o on_o his_o land_n to_o give_v security_n and_o also_o that_o all_o other_o of_o ill_a fame_n who_o lie_n under_o accusation_n shall_v have_v security_n give_v for_o they_o and_o what_o officer_n thane_n ealdorman_n or_o countryman_n soever_o he_o be_v that_o refuse_v to_o do_v according_a thereunto_o shall_v forfeit_v 120_o shilling_n and_o further_o be_v deem_v worthy_a of_o such_o punishment_n as_o have_v be_v before_o mention_v after_o these_o follow_v seven_o other_o of_o king_n edmund_n law_n find_v both_o in_o bromton_n and_o lambard_n copy_n before_o which_o also_o we_o find_v a_o preface_n wherein_o the_o king_n signify_v to_o all_o subject_n both_o old_a and_o young_a that_o he_o have_v most_o studious_o inquire_v in_o a_o solemn_a assembly_n of_o ecclesiastic_n and_o laic_n dccccxlvi_fw-la by_o what_o mean_v the_o christian_a life_n may_v best_o be_v maintain_v and_o that_o it_o seem_v most_o convenient_a to_o they_o all_o that_o he_o shall_v cherish_v and_o procure_v love_n and_o mutual_a friendship_n through_o all_o his_o dominion_n for_o they_o be_v much_o trouble_v at_o the_o unjust_a division_n and_o contention_n among_o they_o therefore_o the_o king_n and_o they_o do_v now_o ordain_v first_o that_o if_o hereafter_o one_o man_n kill_v another_o he_o alone_o shall_v bear_v the_o deadly_a feud_n or_o enmity_n of_o the_o kindred_n of_o the_o party_n slay_v unless_o within_o twelve_o month_n by_o the_o assistance_n of_o his_o own_o kindred_n he_o shall_v pay_v the_o weregild_n or_o value_n of_o the_o slay_v man_n head_n of_o what_o condition_n soever_o he_o be_v and_o then_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v take_v for_o enemy_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n they_o shall_v not_o relieve_v he_o nor_o have_v peace_n with_o he_o and_o if_o they_o do_v or_o have_v they_o shall_v forfeit_v all_o their_o estate_n to_o the_o king_n and_o he_o that_o shall_v kill_v any_o man_n shall_v be_v take_v as_o a_o enemy_n by_o all_o the_o kindred_n of_o the_o slay_v and_o they_o may_v maintain_v deadly_a feud_n against_o he_o and_o if_o any_o shall_v revenge_v himself_o upon_o or_o prosecute_v any_o other_o of_o his_o kindred_n beside_o the_o manslayer_n himself_o he_o shall_v forfeit_v all_o he_o have_v and_o be_v take_v as_o a_o enemy_n both_o by_o the_o king_n and_o all_o that_o love_v he_o which_o law_n be_v make_v because_o before_o this_o if_o one_o man_n kill_v another_o the_o kindred_n of_o the_o slay_v have_v a_o mortal_a feud_n and_o revenge_v his_o death_n upon_o any_o of_o the_o relation_n of_o the_o murderer_n as_o they_o do_v among_o the_o indian_n even_o to_o this_o day_n the_o second_o denounce_v that_o if_o a_o man_n fly_v to_o a_o church_n or_o to_o the_o king_n town_n and_o there_o any_o one_o set_v upon_o he_o or_o do_v he_o harm_n he_o shall_v be_v punish_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n by_o the_o three_o the_o king_n express_o forbid_v that_o any_o fyhtwite_n or_o manbote_n that_o be_v any_o fine_a for_o fight_v or_o kill_v be_v remit_v by_o the_o four_o the_o king_n open_o declare_v that_o his_o house_n shall_v afford_v no_o shelter_n to_o he_o that_o have_v shed_v blood_n except_o he_o have_v first_o make_v satisfaction_n to_o god_n and_o the_o kindred_n of_o the_o party_n slay_v and_o do_v whatsoever_o be_v enjoin_v he_o by_o the_o bishop_n in_o who_o diocese_n the_o fact_n be_v commit_v the_o six_o enjoin_v that_o he_o that_o break_v the_o peace_n and_o set_v upon_o a_o man_n in_o his_o own_o house_n shall_v forfeit_v all_o he_o have_v and_o his_o life_n be_v at_o the_o king_n mercy_n the_o seven_o and_o last_o of_o these_o law_n be_v also_o concern_v enmity_n or_o deadly_a feud_n declare_v that_o it_o be_v the_o duty_n of_o all_o wise_a man_n to_o suppress_v they_o and_o prescribe_v the_o way_n and_o mean_n of_o do_v it_o as_o first_o that_o a_o indifferent_a friend_n be_v send_v before_o to_o the_o kindred_n of_o he_o that_o be_v slay_v to_o signify_v to_o they_o that_o he_o that_o kill_v he_o will_v make_v all_o due_a satisfaction_n upon_o which_o the_o manslayer_n shall_v be_v deliver_v into_o his_o hand_n that_o he_o may_v safe_o appear_v and_o give_v caution_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o value_n of_o the_o dead_a man_n head_n which_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o have_v do_v the_o king_n peace_n be_v next_o to_o be_v make_v betwixt_o they_o then_o after_o the_o end_n of_o one_o and_o twenty_o day_n he_o shall_v pay_v halsfage_n according_a to_o bromton_n copy_n or_o as_o the_o saxon_a text_n have_v it_o healfange_n that_o be_v as_o mr._n lambard_n interpret_v it_o that_o which_o be_v pay_v in_o commutation_n for_o the_o punishment_n of_o hang_v by_o the_o neck_n to_o the_o king_n or_o lord._n the_o rest_n as_o be_v tedious_a i_o omit_v for_o i_o think_v sufficient_a to_o let_v the_o reader_n understand_v the_o nature_n of_o these_o deadly_a feud_n or_o family_n quarrel_n among_o the_o english_a who_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o ancient_a saxon_n german_n and_o other_o barbarous_a northern_a nation_n dccccxlvi_fw-la that_o common_o maintain_v private_a quarrel_n by_o their_o whole_a kindred_n thereby_o render_v their_o feud_n as_o it_o be_v hereditary_a so_o tacitus_n write_v concern_v the_o german_n that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o take_v up_o the_o quarrel_n and_o friendship_n of_o their_o father_n and_o kinsman_n beside_o these_o law_n beforementioned_a there_o be_v some_o other_o constitution_n ascribe_v to_o the_o same_o king_n edmund_n concern_v the_o manner_n and_o rite_n of_o marriage_n and_o though_o find_v by_o sir_n h._n spelman_n in_o saxon_n in_o a_o ancient_a book_n belong_v to_o corpus_fw-la christi_fw-la college_n in_o cambridge_n tack_v to_o the_o law_n of_o king_n alfred_n yet_o 861._o bromton_n reckon_v they_o among_o the_o law_n of_o king_n edmund_n and_o i_o think_v they_o ought_v rather_o to_o be_v suppose_v his_o they_o be_v to_o this_o effect_n that_o where_o a_o man_n resolve_v to_o marry_v a_o woman_n with_o her_o friend_n consent_v the_o bridegroom_n shall_v give_v caution_n or_o security_n by_o his_o
the_o bishop_n and_o monk_n from_o who_o she_o be_v sure_a to_o have_v their_o good_a word_n yet_o however_o she_o do_v not_o escape_v scandal_n for_o she_o have_v several_a enemy_n that_o incense_v the_o king_n against_o she_o but_o especial_o archbishop_n robert_n the_o norman_a who_o have_v accuse_v she_o some_o year_n before_o her_o death_n of_o be_v too_o familiar_a with_o alwin_n bishop_n of_o winchester_n whereupon_o she_o be_v send_v to_o the_o abbey_n of_o werewell_n have_v first_o of_o all_o her_o good_n take_v from_o she_o whilst_o the_o bishop_n be_v commit_v to_o prison_n archbishop_n robert_n cry_v out_o that_o such_o villainy_n ought_v not_o to_o go_v unpunished_a for_o fear_v it_o shall_v be_v a_o encouragement_n for_o other_o to_o do_v the_o like_a but_o she_o not_o be_v keep_v very_o strict_o write_v to_o all_o the_o bishop_n of_o england_n who_o she_o know_v to_o be_v her_o friend_n profess_v that_o she_o be_v more_o trouble_v at_o the_o disgrace_n offer_v to_o the_o bishop_n than_o that_o which_o be_v do_v to_o herself_o and_o that_o she_o be_v ready_a to_o clear_v his_o innocency_n by_o the_o fire_n ordeal_o upon_o this_o the_o bishop_n meet_v and_o have_v easy_o prevail_v with_o the_o king_n to_o put_v up_o the_o business_n have_v not_o archbishop_n robert_n stiff_o oppose_v they_o demand_v of_o his_o brethren_n how_o they_o can_v have_v the_o confidence_n to_o take_v upon_o they_o the_o defence_n of_o that_o beast_n rather_o than_o woman_n mean_v the_o queen_n mother_n who_o have_v so_o detract_v from_o the_o king_n her_o son_n and_o yet_o have_v call_v her_o paramour_n the_o anoint_v of_o the_o lord_n but_o say_v he_o this_o woman_n will_v purge_v the_o bishop_n but_o who_o shall_v purge_v she_o that_o consent_v to_o the_o death_n of_o her_o son_n alfred_n and_o prepare_v poison_n for_o his_o brother_n now_o king_n edward_n but_o if_o she_o desire_v to_o be_v acquit_v let_v she_o accept_v of_o she_o own_o proposal_n and_o walk_v barefoot_a over_o nine_o red-hot_a plowshare_n four_o for_o herself_o and_o five_o for_o the_o bishop_n and_o then_o if_o she_o escape_v untouched_a let_v she_o pass_v for_o innocent_a upon_o this_o the_o day_n for_o trial_n be_v appoint_v and_o she_o have_v the_o night_n before_o at_o his_o shrine_n earnest_o invoke_v the_o assistance_n of_o st._n swithin_n she_o come_v to_o the_o place_n where_o the_o king_n and_o all_o the_o bishop_n except_o robert_n be_v present_a and_o there_o pass_v unhurt_a over_o all_o the_o red-hot_a plowshare_n to_o the_o great_a joy_n and_o wonder_n both_o of_o herself_o and_o all_o the_o spectator_n especial_o of_o the_o king_n her_o son_n that_o she_o have_v so_o well_o clear_v herself_o then_o he_o be_v very_o sorry_a that_o he_o have_v be_v so_o credulous_a as_o to_o admit_v those_o calumny_n against_o his_o own_o mother_n who_o pardon_n he_o now_o beg_v as_o also_o the_o bishop_n and_o as_o divers_a of_o the_o monkish_a writer_n relate_v receive_v penance_n from_o they_o on_o his_o bare_a back_n queen_n emma_n for_o this_o signal_n deliverance_n give_v to_o st._n swithin_n nine_o manor_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o winchester_n as_o many_o the_o innocency_n of_o they_o both_o be_v hereby_o absolute_o clear_v moreover_o the_o king_n be_v say_v to_o have_v bestow_v on_o the_o church_n of_o winchester_n the_o whole_a isle_n of_o portland_n and_o other_o possession_n mlii_o the_o substance_n of_o this_o story_n be_v both_o deliver_v by_o john_n bromton_n and_o henry_n de_fw-fr knighton_n but_o dr._n harpesfield_n have_v embellish_v it_o with_o divers_a other_o trivial_a circumstance_n whilst_o our_o more_o ancient_a author_n as_o malmesbury_n and_o other_o say_v nothing_o of_o it_o but_o methinks_v that_o which_o follow_v spoil_n all_o the_o rest_n viz._n that_o archbishop_n robert_n who_o some_o will_v have_v bishop_n and_o other_o archbishop_n at_o this_o time_n thereupon_o flee_v out_o of_o the_o land_n whereas_o indeed_o he_o continue_v here_o much_o long_o and_o flee_v out_o of_o england_n upon_o another_o occasion_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o but_o to_o return_v again_o to_o our_o annal_n the_o same_o year_n it_o be_v also_o decree_v by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o chief_a man_n that_o ship_n shall_v be_v send_v to_o sandwich_n and_o that_o earl_n rolfe_n and_o earl_n odda_n shall_v command_v they_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n earl_n godwin_n depart_v from_o brycge_n with_o his_o ship_n to_o ysera_n a_o place_n we_o know_v not_o and_o then_o land_v the_o next_o day_n but_o one_o to_o midsummer-eve_n he_o come_v to_o the_o head_n or_o point_n lie_v on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o rumenea_n now_o rumney_n in_o kent_n which_o when_o it_o be_v tell_v the_o earl_n at_o sandwic_n they_o immediate_o sail_v out_o in_o pursuit_n of_o he_o and_o also_o command_v the_o land-force_n to_o be_v in_o a_o readiness_n to_o join_v they_o but_o be_v seem_v earl_n godwin_n have_v timely_a notice_n of_o it_o and_o so_o he_o fall_v back_o to_o pevensea_n i_o e._n pensey_n in_o sussex_n and_o then_o so_o violent_a a_o tempest_n arise_v that_o the_o earl_n can_v not_o inform_v themselves_o which_o way_n godwin_n be_v go_v but_o afterward_o he_o return_v and_o come_v to_o brycge_v and_o the_o king_n ship_n go_v to_o sandwic_n and_o from_o thence_o they_o be_v order_v back_o to_o london_n and_o other_o captain_n to_o command_v they_o but_o the_o matter_n be_v so_o long_o delay_v that_o all_o the_o seaman_n leave_v their_o ship_n and_o return_v to_o their_o own_o home_n as_o soon_o as_o earl_n godwin_n hear_v this_o he_o set_v out_o his_o fleet_n again_o to_o sea_n and_o sail_v direct_o westward_o to_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n where_o his_o man_n go_v ashore_o plunder_v so_o long_o till_o at_o last_o the_o people_n will_v give_v they_o what_o contribution_n soever_o they_o demand_v then_o they_o sail_v further_o westward_o till_o they_o come_v to_o the_o isle_n of_o portland_n and_o there_o go_v again_o on_o shore_n 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bocland_n but_o that_o it_o pass_v by_o deed_n 508._o call_v by_o ingulphus_n chirographa_fw-la until_o the_o confessor_n time_n and_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o subscription_n of_o the_o fideles_fw-la or_o subject_n there_o present_a with_o golden_a cross_n and_o some_o other_o holy_a mark_n only_o this_o methinks_v ought_v not_o to_o be_v pass_v over_o that_o the_o ceremony_n of_o livery_n or_o seize_v of_o land_n be_v very_o ancient_a as_o appear_v by_o the_o charter_n of_o ceadwalla_n king_n of_o the_o westsaxon_n preserve_v among_o the_o evidence_n belong_v to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n in_o the_o year_n dclxxxvii_o make_v to_o theodore_n then_o archbishop_n of_o that_o see_v of_o certain_a land_n with_o this_o subscription_n ad_fw-la cumulum_fw-la autèm_fw-la confirmationis_fw-la ego_fw-la cedwalla_n cespitem_fw-la terrae_fw-la praedictae_fw-la supèr_fw-la sanctum_fw-la altar_n salvatoris_fw-la posui_fw-la &_o propriâ_fw-la manu_fw-la pro_fw-la ignorantia_fw-la literarum_n signum_fw-la sanctae_fw-la crucis_fw-la expressi_fw-la &_o subscripsi_fw-la that_o be_v for_o the_o far_a confirmation_n thereof_o i_o ceadwalla_n have_v put_v this_o say_a turf_n of_o earth_n upon_o the_o holy_a altar_n and_o for_o want_v of_o learning_n have_v with_o my_o own_o hand_n make_v and_o subscribe_v the_o sign_n of_o the_o holy_a cross._n the_o like_a also_o have_v camden_n out_o of_o a_o patent_n make_v by_o wither_a king_n of_o kent_n cantio_fw-la to_o a_o nunnery_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o thanet_n so_o much_o for_o bocland_n contrary_n to_o which_o be_v that_o call_v folkland_n which_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n say_v folkland_n be_v terra_fw-la popularis_fw-la scilicet_fw-la quae_fw-la jure_fw-la communi_fw-la possidetur_fw-la vel_fw-la sine_fw-la scripto_fw-la that_o be_v land_n belong_v to_o the_o ordinary_a sort_n of_o people_n which_o they_o enjoy_v of_o common_a right_n without_o any_o write_n or_o deed_n as_o we_o see_v in_o copyhold_n land_n at_o this_o day_n for_o which_o the_o tenant_n have_v seldom_o any_o other_o evidence_n than_o the_o copy_n of_o the_o court-roll_n of_o the_o manor_n which_o copyhold_n land_n be_v ancient_o either_o hold_v by_o sockman_n that_o be_v freeman_n hold_v by_o the_o blow_n to_o perform_v mean_a and_o villain_n service_n or_o else_o by_o those_o who_o be_v villain_n appendant_a to_o the_o manor_n these_o may_v be_v oust_v of_o their_o small_a estate_n at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n demesne_fw-la which_o a_o farmer_n can_v not_o be_v so_o long_o as_o he_o honest_o perform_v his_o service_n and_o these_o be_v they_o who_o after_o the_o conquest_n be_v call_v tenant_n in_o ancient_n demesne_n either_o of_o the_o king_n or_o of_o some_o other_o lord_n as_o you_o will_v find_v in_o the_o old_a natura_n breviam_n recto_n of_o the_o like_a sort_n also_o as_o dr._n brady_n very_o well_o inform_v we_o 68_o be_v land_n and_o possession_n mention_v by_o other_o name_n in_o our_o saxon_a law_n as_o gaffolland_n rent-land_n or_o farm-land_n foedus_fw-la alured_n tenor_n and_o guthr_n c._n 2._o gafogyldenhus_o a_o house_n yield_v or_o pay_v rent_n or_o gable_n ll._n inae_fw-la c._n 6._o there_o be_v also_o mention_v inland_a outland_n or_o the_o lord_n demesne_n which_o he_o keep_v in_o his_o own_o hand_n and_o neatland_n which_o be_v call_v vtland_n or_o outland_n in_o 495._o byrthric_n will_n terra_fw-la villanorum_fw-la and_o be_v let_v out_o to_o countryman_n or_o villager_n aegder_v of_o thegnes_fw-la inlandge_v of_o neatland_n i._n e._n either_o of_o the_o lord_n or_o thanes_z inland_n or_o demesne_n or_o else_o the_o countryman_n villager_n or_o villan_n land_n verb._n gafolland_n neatland_n and_o vtland_n as_o 115._o mr._n somner_n true_o inform_v we_o be_v oppose_v to_o inland_n verbo_fw-la or_o demesne-land_n and_o be_v land_n grant_v out_o for_o rent_n or_o service_n or_o both_o and_o reducible_a to_o folkland_n and_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a they_o be_v the_o same_o or_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n for_o that_o in_o the_o law_n where_o they_o be_v mention_v it_o appear_v they_o be_v always_o occupy_v by_o ceorl_n churl_n countryman_n colon_n or_o clown_n people_n by_o gebures_n boor_n rustic_n plough_n or_o husbandman_n or_o by_o neat_n and_o geneate_n drudge_n villain_n or_o villager_n these_o three_o saxon_a word_n be_v almost_o of_o the_o same_o signification_n though_o very_o different_a in_o sound_n be_v always_o apply_v to_o the_o ordinary_a sort_n of_o people_n call_v by_o we_o folk_n at_o this_o day_n thus_o far_o the_o doctor_n which_o i_o will_v not_o contradict_v though_o he_o here_o make_v all_o ceorles_n man_n to_o have_v be_v mere_a drudge_n which_o be_v not_o so_o since_o those_o that_o hold_v land_n by_o socage-service_n be_v as_o free_a as_o to_o all_o thing_n else_o from_o the_o power_n of_o their_o lord_n as_o our_o tenant_n be_v at_o this_o day_n but_o i_o desire_v by_o the_o way_n that_o this_o may_v not_o be_v unobserved_a that_o i_o can_v no_o where_o find_v the_o word_n colonus_n use_v for_o a_o husbandman_n or_o clown_n in_o any_o of_o our_o ancient_a saxon_a law_n verb._n though_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n give_v we_o some_o example_n of_o the_o use_n of_o it_o in_o the_o german_a law_n there_o signify_v liberi_fw-la ecclesiastici_fw-la quos_fw-la colonos_fw-la vocant_fw-la and_o the_o king_n have_v also_o his_o coloni_fw-la but_o this_o learned_a author_n suppose_v that_o these_o coloni_fw-la answer_v our_o sockman_n who_o be_v certain_o freeman_n and_o not_o villain_n nor_o do_v villanus_fw-la signify_v a_o villain_n but_o a_o countryman_n or_o villager_n in_o general_n till_o after_o the_o conquest_n and_o than_o it_o be_v not_o from_o the_o latin_a but_o french_a idiom_n that_o a_o villain_n come_v to_o signify_v a_o slave_n or_o drudge_n have_v now_o give_v you_o what_o i_o think_v fit_a to_o say_v concern_v the_o several_a tenor_n and_o way_n of_o conveyance_n of_o land_n in_o the_o
be_v particulary_a show_v in_o its_o proper_a place_n not_o long_o after_o the_o martyrdom_n of_o st._n alban_n suffer_v also_o the_o priest_n who_o convert_v he_o and_o who_o name_n geoffrey_n will_v have_v to_o be_v amphibalus_fw-la tho'_o we_o have_v never_o hear_v of_o it_o at_o all_o but_o from_o this_o author_n that_o word_n signify_v proper_o not_o a_o man_n name_n but_o a_o long_a shag_a cloak_n which_o it_o be_v suppose_v that_o good_a man_n wear_v i_o shall_v also_o pass_v by_o the_o martyrdom_n of_o many_o other_o christian_n say_v to_o be_v at_o lichfield_n and_o winchester_n and_o other_o place_n as_o be_v of_o very_o uncertain_a credit_n have_v no_o other_o author_n but_o geoffrey_n and_o our_o monk_n ccciu_o who_o live_v and_o write_v at_o a_o great_a distance_n from_o those_o time_n but_o the_o emperor_n dioclesian_n and_o maximinian_n have_v both_o on_o the_o same_o day_n tho'_o in_o different_a place_n resign_v the_o empire_n to_o the_o two_o caesar_n abovementioned_a and_o constantinus_n choose_v the_o western_a province_n whereof_o britain_n be_v one_o for_o his_o share_n come_v over_o hither_o to_o settle_v affair_n in_o this_o island_n and_o eutropius_n suppose_v helena_n his_o wife_n to_o have_v be_v a_o britain_n by_o birth_n whereupon_o our_o geoffrey_n presume_v further_a and_o make_v she_o to_o have_v be_v the_o daughter_n of_o one_o king_n coil_n who_o he_o suppose_v to_o have_v succeed_v asclepiodotus_n but_o since_o there_o be_v no_o ground_n for_o this_o fancy_n in_o any_o authentic_a writer_n i_o shall_v whole_o slight_v it_o especial_o since_o nicephorus_n and_o other_o greek_a historian_n relate_v she_o to_o be_v a_o bithynian_a but_o to_o return_v to_o that_o which_o be_v more_o to_o our_o purpose_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o as_o soon_o as_o augustus_n be_v declare_v eccles._n he_o immediate_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o the_o persecution_n against_o the_o christian_n in_o his_o province_n and_o then_o pass_v over_o into_o britain_n constantius_n not_o â—ong_o after_o make_v a_o expedition_n against_o the_o caledonian_n who_o he_o overcome_v and_o not_o long_o after_o die_v at_o york_n have_v be_v all_o his_o life_n time_n a_o great_a favourer_n of_o the_o christian_n though_o no_o profess_v christian_a himself_n to_o who_o succeed_v constantine_n his_o son_n who_o come_v lucky_o post_n from_o rome_n to_o boulogne_n just_a about_o the_o time_n say_v eusebius_n when_o his_o father_n lie_v sick_a upon_o his_o deathbed_n where_o be_v by_o he_o nominate_v for_o his_o successor_n cccvi_o he_o be_v immediate_o after_o his_o father_n funeral_n by_o the_o whole_a army_n salute_v emperor_n tho'_o he_o decline_v it_o all_o he_o can_v concern_v who_o 1._o there_o be_v a_o great_a dispute_n whether_o he_o be_v a_o britain_n or_o not_o our_o british_a historian_n produce_v a_o passage_n out_o eumenius_n oration_n to_o constantine_n wherein_o he_o call_v britain_n the_o most_o bless_a and_o fortunate_a of_o all_o land_n quia_fw-la constantinum_n caesarem_fw-la primum_fw-la vidisti_fw-la which_o word_n may_v yet_o be_v thus_o interpret_v that_o be_v it_o do_v not_o behold_v constantine_n bear_v but_o see_v he_o first_o create_v emperor_n which_o be_v undoubted_o true_a but_o since_o most_o of_o our_o english_a historian_n understand_v it_o in_o the_o former_a sense_n there_o be_v nothing_o of_o conclusive_a certainty_n deliver_v by_o ancient_a author_n concern_v it_o i_o shall_v leave_v it_o as_o i_o find_v it_o tho'_o it_o must_v be_v confess_v that_o the_o learned_a dr._n stillingfleet_n in_o his_o orig._n britannicae_n not_o only_o from_o several_a passage_n in_o eumenius_n panegyric_n but_o also_o by_o other_o argument_n have_v make_v it_o high_o probable_a that_o constantine_n be_v bear_v in_o britain_n but_o this_o be_v more_o certain_a that_o constantine_n before_o his_o departure_n hence_o seem_v to_o have_v have_v some_o bicker_n with_o the_o britain_n in_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o this_o island_n which_o have_v in_o some_o time_n compose_v he_o pass_v again_o into_o gaul_n where_o leave_v a_o great_a army_n many_o of_o who_o be_v before_o raise_v in_o britain_n he_o from_o thence_o go_v into_o italy_n and_o near_o rome_n overthrow_v the_o tyrant_n maxentius_n who_o have_v seize_v that_o city_n together_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o italy_n immediate_o after_o which_o victory_n he_o declare_v himself_o a_o christian_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o his_o whole_a army_n which_o yet_o he_o will_v not_o have_v perhaps_o venture_v to_o have_v do_v have_v he_o not_o be_v sure_o that_o a_o considerable_a party_n of_o his_o soldier_n have_v be_v so_o before_o about_o the_o four_o year_n after_o constantine_n return_v again_o into_o britain_n but_o what_o he_o perform_v here_o be_v not_o leave_v we_o by_o any_o historian_n now_o extant_a cccx_o more_o than_o what_o 25._o eusebius_n tell_v we_o in_o general_a that_o constantine_n pass_v over_o to_o the_o britain_n who_o have_v it_o seem_v then_o revolt_v who_o when_o he_o have_v subdue_v he_o turn_v his_o eye_n to_o those_o other_o part_n of_o the_o world_n that_o he_o may_v relieve_v those_o that_o want_v his_o assistance_n which_o this_o author_n suppose_v to_o be_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o empire_n then_o oppress_v by_o mercurius_n cccx_o tho'_o all_o other_o make_v he_o to_o have_v be_v subdue_v in_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o constantine_n reign_n but_o geoffery_n can_v he_o be_v believe_v give_v we_o a_o very_a plausible_a account_n why_o constantine_n come_v now_o again_o into_o britain_n which_o be_v to_o this_o effect_n that_o octavius_n duke_n of_o the_o gewiss_n take_v advantage_n of_o the_o emperor_n absence_n have_v seize_v upon_o britain_n for_o himself_o the_o circumstance_n of_o which_o i_o omit_v to_o shorten_v the_o story_n as_o also_o how_o one_o trahern_n who_o be_v there_o suppose_a to_o be_v this_o emperor_n uncle_n by_o the_o mother_n obtain_v a_o great_a victory_n over_o this_o octavius_n but_o that_o upon_o traherns_n be_v kill_v at_o verulam_n by_o the_o treachery_n of_o a_o nobleman_n of_o octavius_n party_n he_o again_o return_v into_o britain_n and_o make_v a_o confederacy_n with_o the_o northern_a nation_n renew_v the_o war_n whereupon_o constantine_n come_v upon_o octavius_n on_o the_o sudden_a soon_o overcome_v he_o yet_o suffer_v he_o though_o conquer_a still_o to_o reign_v here_o as_o a_o tributary_n to_o the_o roman_a empire_n but_o it_o be_v not_o likely_a constantine_n will_v have_v give_v so_o great_a a_o encouragement_n to_o rebellion_n nay_o what_o be_v yet_o more_o improbable_a he_o make_v this_o octavius_n to_o have_v govern_v this_o island_n even_o to_o the_o day_n of_o gratian_n and_o valentinian_n which_o must_v needs_o be_v false_a since_o the_o coin_n of_o all_o those_o roman_a emperor_n who_o succeed_v between_o constantine_n and_o valentinian_n be_v find_v in_o this_o island_n whereas_o no_o coin_n or_o monument_n of_o this_o octavius_n be_v ever_o yet_o to_o be_v see_v and_o further_o none_o of_o the_o historian_n of_o this_o age_n do_v mention_v any_o such_o king_n of_o britain_n as_o it_o be_v likely_a they_o will_v have_v do_v have_v they_o know_v of_o such_o a_o person_n but_o this_o be_v more_o likely_a that_o the_o emperor_n constantine_n alter_v the_o ancient_a division_n of_o britain_n by_o add_v to_o the_o former_a province_n viz._n britannica_fw-la prima_fw-la and_o secunda_fw-la rufi_n two_o other_o viz._n flavia_n and_o maxima_fw-la caesariensis_n i_o have_v no_o more_o to_o add_v concern_v civil_a affair_n in_o this_o emperor_n reign_n but_o as_o for_o ecclesiastical_a history_n it_o be_v certain_a the_o british_a church_n be_v now_o grow_v so_o considerable_a that_o 8._o it_o send_v divers_a bishop_n to_o the_o council_n of_o arles_n in_o gallia_n which_o be_v hold_v in_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 114_o as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o first_o tome_n of_o gallic_a council_n where_o eborius_n bishop_n of_o the_o city_n of_o eboracum_n in_o the_o province_n of_o britain_n and_o restitutus_n bishop_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n and_o adelphius_n bishop_n of_o the_o city_n of_o colchester_n appear_v as_o deputy_n for_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o britain_n and_o though_o in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o nice_a which_o be_v assemble_v anno_fw-la dom._n 325_o ibid._n there_o be_v no_o express_a mention_n of_o the_o name_n of_o the_o british_a bishop_n which_o appear_v there_o because_o the_o subscription_n to_o that_o council_n be_v lose_v yet_o athanasius_n as_o also_o hillary_n bishop_n of_o poitiers_n do_v sufficient_o confirm_v their_o be_v there_o as_o well_o as_o constantine_n himself_o who_o in_o his_o letter_n to_o the_o alexandrian_n say_v that_o easter_n be_v observe_v according_a to_o the_o manner_n prescribe_v in_o that_o council_n by_o all_o the_o nation_n he_o there_o mention_n among_o who_o the_o britain_n be_v reckon_v for_o one_o constantine_n die_v divide_v the_o
remain_v master_n there_o the_o army_n in_o gaul_n then_o take_v part_n with_o he_o against_o honorius_n and_o withaâ—_n gildas_n say_v that_o the_o roman_a legion_n have_v drive_v out_o the_o pict_n and_o scot_n return_v in_o triumph_n and_o so_o much_o be_v confess_v by_o bâ—de_n but_o at_o what_o time_n can_v we_o suppose_v that_o to_o have_v happen_v be_v it_o likely_a that_o after_o the_o usurpation_n of_o constantine_n a_o roman_a legion_n shall_v return_v in_o so_o much_o triumph_n for_o immediate_o aftâ—r_n constantine_n usurpation_n the_o roman_a empire_n begâ—n_o extreme_o to_o decline_v in_o those_o part_n through_o which_o they_o be_v to_o pass_v gaul_n be_v upon_o composition_n 412._o not_o long_o after_o deliver_v up_o to_o the_o goth_n by_o honorius_n and_o beside_o the_o frank_n and_o burgundian_n make_v continual_a incursion_n there_o i_o conclude_v it_o therefore_o most_o probable_a that_o the_o first_o supply_v send_v to_o the_o britain_n be_v not_o after_o constantine_n usurpation_n but_o between_o the_o death_n of_o maximus_n and_o the_o set_n up_o of_o gratianus_n municeps_fw-la now_o let_v we_o see_v if_o we_o can_v hence_o discover_v when_o the_o second_o assistance_n be_v send_v to_o the_o britain_n for_o which_o we_o must_v own_v ourselves_o behold_v to_o the_o aforesaid_a learned_a doctor_n in_o the_o same_o place_n where_o he_o thus_o make_v it_o out_o the_o second_o time_n the_o distress_a britain_n be_v force_v to_o solicit_v the_o romans_n for_o supply_n be_v place_v by_o archbishop_n Ê‹sher_n 318._o anno_fw-la dom._n 426_o when_o gallio_n of_o ravenâ—a_n be_v send_v hither_o as_o he_o suppose_v because_o the_o next_o year_n prosper_n say_v that_o gallio_n be_v send_v against_o bonifacius_n in_o africa_n but_o then_o the_o archbishop_n make_v the_o first_o supply_n to_o have_v be_v send_v in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o honorius_n reign_n for_o which_o the_o doctor_n say_v he_o can_v see_v no_o reason_n for_o the_o lord_n primate_n grant_v that_o immediate_o after_o the_o death_n of_o maxâ—mus_n the_o scot_n and_o pict_n do_v waste_v britain_n and_o that_o then_o stillico_fw-la do_v send_v assistance_n to_o they_o why_o then_o shall_v the_o first_o waste_v of_o the_o island_n mention_v by_o gildas_n and_o the_o legion_n send_v thereupon_o be_v that_o in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o honorius_n his_o reign_n and_o not_o rather_o in_o the_o beginning_n since_o the_o latter_a be_v very_o perplex_v and_o troublesome_a the_o alani_n swevi_n and_o vandali_n have_v possess_v themselves_o of_o great_a part_n of_o spain_n while_o the_o frank_n burgundian_n and_o goth_n have_v all_o gaul_n so_o that_o honorius_n the_o year_n before_o his_o death_n be_v force_v to_o send_v his_o force_n under_o castinus_n into_o spain_n against_o the_o vandal_n as_o prosper_v in_o his_o chronicle_n affirm_v and_o that_o also_o prove_v the_o occasion_n of_o new_a trouble_n in_o africa_n by_o the_o difference_n between_o castinus_n and_o bonifacius_n who_o for_o his_o own_o security_n send_v over_o the_o vandal_n thither_o be_v it_o not_o therefore_o most_o probable_a that_o the_o first_o supply_n of_o the_o britain_n shall_v be_v send_v in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o honorius_n reign_n especial_o since_o the_o learned_a primate_n confess_v that_o honorius_n do_v not_o in_o his_o time_n recover_v the_o province_n of_o britain_n and_o he_o prove_v it_o against_o sabellicus_n from_o procopius_n authority_n a_o much_o more_o ancient_a author_n beside_o that_o of_o bede_n so_o that_o the_o single_a testimony_n of_o sigebert_n that_o honorius_n send_v assistance_n to_o the_o britain_n at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o he_o do_v to_o the_o spaniard_n when_o prosper_n idatius_n and_o cassiodore_n who_o all_o mention_n the_o latter_a say_v not_o one_o word_n of_o the_o former_a can_v bear_v down_o the_o more_o weighty_a reason_n on_o the_o other_o side_n but_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o in_o this_o interval_n between_o 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importunity_n of_o the_o britain_n be_v in_o all_o probability_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o valentinian_n iii_o after_o that_o aetius_n have_v somewhat_o recover_v the_o credit_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n in_o gaul_n for_o after_o his_o success_n there_o both_o against_o the_o goth_n and_o frank_n he_o have_v liberty_n enough_o to_o send_v over_o a_o legion_n to_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o britain_n who_o be_v again_o miserable_o harass_v by_o the_o scot_n and_o pict_n and_o at_o this_o time_n it_o be_v that_o gildas_n say_v the_o roman_n upon_o the_o sad_a representation_n of_o the_o british_a ambassador_n send_v they_o speedy_a supply_n so_o far_o we_o have_v be_v behold_v to_o the_o learned_a dr._n stillingfleet_n now_o lord_n bishop_n of_o worcâ—ster_n but_o if_o i_o may_v interpose_v my_o own_o opinion_n i_o shall_v assign_v the_o send_n of_o these_o last_o supply_n by_o the_o roman_n to_o have_v be_v in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 435_o when_o aetius_n have_v good_a success_n against_o the_o burgundian_n in_o gaul_n to_o which_o year_n also_o the_o saxon_a annal_n refer_v the_o cease_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n in_o britain_n only_o the_o compiler_n be_v mistake_v in_o two_o thing_n the_o first_o in_o make_v rome_n to_o have_v be_v take_v this_o year_n by_o the_o goth_n the_o other_o in_o suppose_v the_o time_n of_o the_o roman_n rule_v here_o to_o be_v but_o 470_o year_n whereas_o indeed_o it_o be_v 488_o year_n as_o i_o shall_v present_o make_v out_o so_o that_o from_o this_o last_o departure_n of_o the_o roman_a legion_n which_o no_o doubt_n be_v do_v by_o the_o emperor_n be_v express_a order_n ccccxxxv_n i_o think_v i_o may_v very_o well_o date_n the_o total_a dereliction_n of_o britain_n by_o the_o roman_n who_o now_o by_o refuse_v they_o their_o protection_n leave_v they_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o provide_v for_o and_o defend_v themselves_o and_o from_o hence_o i_o may_v also_o date_n the_o final_a period_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n in_o this_o island_n which_o have_v now_o last_v from_o julius_n caesar_n second_o land_v in_o britain_n in_o the_o 53d_o year_n before_o christ_n to_o this_o year_n be_v the_o 435th_o year_n after_o christ_n the_o space_n of_o 488_o year_n but_o if_o you_o account_v from_o the_o more_o absolute_a conquest_n of_o it_o by_o claudius_n in_o the_o forty_o four_o year_n after_o christ_n it_o continue_v but_o 391_o year_n but_o that_o the_o britain_n be_v at_o last_o very_o unwilling_o cut_v off_o from_o be_v any_o long_o a_o part_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n appear_v by_o the_o last_o message_n they_o send_v to_o aetius_n again_o implore_v assistance_n which_o the_o emperor_n not_o be_v able_a to_o grant_v they_o have_v no_o other_o way_n leave_v but_o to_o provide_v for_o themselves_o as_o well_o as_o they_o can_v which_o since_o it_o happen_v after_o the_o time_n that_o i_o suppose_v the_o roman_a power_n to_o have_v cease_v in_o this_o island_n i_o shall_v refer_v the_o further_a relation_n of_o it_o to_o the_o next_o book_n but_o before_o i_o conclude_v this_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o a_o short_a account_n of_o ecclesiastical_a affair_n in_o this_o island_n in_o these_o two_o last_o century_n where_o after_o the_o last_o persecution_n under_o dioclesian_n bede_n tell_v we_o the_o british_a church_n enjoy_v a_o perfect_a peace_n till_o the_o arrian_n heresy_n overran_a the_o whole_a world_n and_o at_o last_o infect_v this_o island_n though_o divide_v from_o the_o rest_n of_o it_o but_o though_o neither_o gildas_n nor_o bede_n have_v set_v down_o the_o year_n when_o this_o heresy_n first_o begin_v to_o spread_v itself_o here_o yet_o he_o seem_v to_o refer_v it_o to_o the_o reign_n of_o constantius_n when_o this_o pestilent_a opinion_n carry_v the_o face_n of_o authority_n as_o have_v be_v confirm_v in_o several_a pretend_a council_n but_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o century_n though_o the_o year_n
what_o degree_n of_o consanguinity_n man_n and_o woman_n may_v marry_v i_o shall_v omit_v as_o be_v impertinent_a to_o our_o purpose_n and_o shall_v proceed_v to_o the_o eight_o question_n which_o be_v this_o if_o for_o the_o great_a distance_n of_o place_n bishop_n can_v easy_o meet_v whether_o a_o bishop_n may_v be_v ordain_v without_o the_o presence_n of_o other_o bishop_n the_o answer_n of_o pope_n gregory_n be_v to_o this_o effect_n certain_a it_o be_v that_o in_o the_o english_a church_n wherein_o as_o yet_o there_o be_v no_o other_o bishop_n but_o yourself_o you_o can_v ordain_v a_o bishop_n no_o other_o way_n than_o without_o bishop_n for_o how_o can_v bishop_n come_v from_o gaul_n that_o may_v assist_v at_o the_o ordination_n of_o a_o bishop_n in_o britain_n but_o we_o will_v have_v you_o so_o to_o appoint_v bishop_n that_o they_o be_v not_o too_o far_o asunder_o from_o one_o another_o that_o there_o may_v be_v no_o hindrance_n but_o that_o at_o the_o ordination_n of_o a_o bishop_n other_o may_v be_v present_a and_o such_o other_o presbyter_n also_o who_o presence_n be_v requisite_a aught_o to_o have_v easy_a mean_n of_o access_n when_o therefore_o bishop_n shall_v be_v so_o ordain_v in_o place_n near_o one_o another_o the_o ordination_n of_o a_o bishop_n ought_v never_o to_o be_v without_o three_o or_o four_o bishop_n assist_v etc._n etc._n augustine_n nine_o question_n be_v this_o how_o ought_v we_o to_o behave_v ourselves_o towards_o the_o bishop_n of_o gaul_n and_o britain_n ccccxcviii_n the_o pope_n answer_n be_v to_o this_o purpose_n for_o be_v somewhat_o long_o we_o shall_v also_o contract_v it_o in_o the_o first_o place_n the_o pope_n allow_v he_o no_o authority_n over_o the_o bishop_n of_o gaul_n any_o further_a than_o by_o advice_n or_o spiritual_a admonition_n if_o they_o shall_v happen_v to_o be_v guilty_a of_o any_o fault_n because_o they_o be_v no_o way_n subject_n to_o his_o authority_n and_o conclude_v thus_o but_o all_o the_o bishop_n of_o britain_n we_o commit_v to_o your_o brotherhood_n that_o the_o ignorant_a may_v be_v teach_v the_o weak_a by_o persuasion_n strengthen_v and_o the_o perverse_a correct_v by_o our_o authority_n the_o remain_a question_n concern_v woman_n with_o child_n and_o other_o unnecessary_a if_o not_o immodest_a thing_n i_o omit_v this_o year_n also_o according_a to_o florence_n of_o worcester_n ceolric_n king_n of_o the_o westsaxon_n die_a ceolfus_n or_o ceulphus_n succeed_v he_o and_o reign_v twenty_o four_o year_n this_o year_n redâ—ald_n king_n of_o the_o east_n angle_n die_v his_o son_n eorpenwald_n reign_v in_o his_o stead_n as_o mat._n westminster_n rebate_n but_o bede_n proceed_v to_o tell_v we_o that_o augustine_n have_v settle_v his_o archiepiscopal_n see_v at_o canterbury_n dxcix_o rebuilt_a that_o old_a church_n which_o have_v be_v first_o erect_v by_o the_o christian_a roman_n and_o have_v dedicate_v it_o in_o the_o name_n of_o christ_n our_o saviour_n he_o appoint_v it_o as_o a_o see_v for_o himself_o and_o his_o successor_n he_o likewise_o found_v a_o monastery_n towards_o the_o east_n dc_o not_o far_o from_o the_o city_n where_o also_o ethelbert_n by_o his_o persuasion_n build_v the_o church_n of_o st._n peter_n and_o st._n paul_n in_o which_o the_o body_n of_o st._n augustine_n himself_o and_o of_o all_o the_o other_o bishop_n of_o canterbury_n ibid._n as_o also_o of_o the_o king_n of_o kent_n shall_v be_v inter_v peter_n a_o presbyter_n be_v make_v the_o first_o abbot_n of_o this_o monastery_n who_o be_v drown_v go_v on_o a_o message_n into_o france_n but_o augustine_n never_o live_v to_o to_o finish_v this_o church_n which_o be_v afterward_o consecrate_a by_o archbishop_n laâ—rence_n his_o successor_n but_o the_o reader_n be_v desire_v to_o take_v notice_n that_o according_a to_o a_o fair_a but_o indifferent_a ancient_a manuscript_n concern_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o church_n and_o monastery_n of_o st._n peter_n and_o s._n paul_n afterward_o call_v st._n augustine_n in_o canterbury_n which_o be_v now_o preserve_v in_o the_o library_n of_o trinity_n hall_n in_o cambridge_n part_n of_o which_o be_v print_v in_o dein_fw-ge sir_n h._n spelman_n vol._n of_o council_n it_o appear_v that_o though_o the_o cathedral_n of_o christ_n church_n be_v first_o mention_v by_o bede_n yet_o that_o according_a to_o the_o same_o author_n it_o be_v not_o the_o first_o build_v but_o rather_o the_o church_n of_o st._n pancras_n which_o from_o a_o heathen_a temple_n be_v turn_v into_o a_o christian_a church_n where_o king_n ethelbert_n himself_o be_v baptise_a and_o upon_o the_o ground_n belong_v to_o which_o the_o church_n and_o monastery_n of_o st._n peter_n and_o st._n paul_n be_v first_o found_v as_o have_v be_v already_o relate_v from_o bede_n augustine_n have_v about_o this_o time_n send_v the_o pope_n word_n that_o the_o harvest_n indeed_o be_v great_a but_o the_o labourer_n few_o dci_o he_o therefore_o send_v he_o more_o preacher_n of_o the_o word_n among_o who_o the_o chief_a be_v mellitus_n justus_n paulinus_n and_o rufinian_n and_o with_o they_o all_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o service_n or_o ornament_n of_o the_o church_n such_o as_o holy_a vessel_n and_o altar-cloath_n as_o also_o sacerdotal_a vestment_n together_o with_o divers_a relic_n and_o a_o great_a many_o book_n he_o also_o signify_v to_o he_o in_o his_o letter_n that_o he_o have_v send_v he_o a_o archiepiscopal_a pall_n and_o thereby_o he_o give_v he_o power_n to_o ordain_v twelve_o other_o bishop_n in_o several_a place_n all_o which_o shall_v be_v subject_a to_o his_o jurisdiction_n only_o the_o bishop_n of_o london_n be_v to_o be_v choose_v by_o his_o own_o synod_n dci_o and_o shall_v receive_v his_o pall_n from_o the_o apostolic_a see_n for_o it_o seem_v the_o pope_n then_o intend_v london_n for_o a_o archbishopric_a but_o as_o for_o york_n when_o convert_v he_o give_v he_o power_n to_o ordain_v who_o he_o please_v bishop_n there_o who_o shall_v likewise_o ordain_v twelve_o bishop_n more_o and_o shall_v enjoy_v the_o honour_n of_o a_o metropolitan_a yet_o so_o that_o as_o long_o as_o augustine_n live_v he_o shall_v be_v subject_a to_o he_o but_o after_o his_o decease_n he_o shall_v not_o be_v at_o all_o subject_n to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n or_o any_o other_o bishop_n only_o that_o he_o shall_v have_v the_o precedence_n who_o be_v first_o ordain_v then_o exhort_v he_o to_o transact_v all_o thing_n by_o a_o common_a consent_n yet_o give_v he_o a_o jurisdiction_n over_o all_o the_o bishop_n of_o britain_n that_o they_o may_v learn_v how_o to_o perform_v their_o duty_n as_o well_o by_o his_o instruction_n as_o example_n this_o letter_n bear_v date_n in_o the_o eighteen_o year_n of_o the_o emperor_n mauritius_n which_o fall_v out_o in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n sixty_o with_o which_o also_o the_o saxon_a annal_n agree_v for_o under_o this_o very_a year_n they_o place_n pope_n gregory_n send_v to_o the_o pall_n to_o arch_a bishop_n augustine_n with_o many_o holy_a teacher_n to_o assist_v he_o sometime_o after_o the_o send_v these_o messenger_n with_o these_o letter_n the_o pope_n also_o write_v other_o letter_n to_o mellitus_n wherein_o he_o give_v he_o instruction_n concern_v the_o temple_n of_o idol_n which_o the_o pope_n will_v not_o have_v pull_v down_o but_o only_o new_a consecrate_a by_o the_o sprinkle_n of_o holy_a water_n and_o erect_v of_o new_a altar_n and_o as_o for_o the_o ox_n that_o use_v to_o be_v sacrifice_v to_o their_o false_a god_n he_o will_v have_v such_o kind_n of_o solemnity_n so_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o on_o the_o day_n of_o the_o dedication_n of_o their_o church_n or_o of_o the_o holy_a martyr_n who_o relic_n be_v there_o preserve_v booth_n shall_v be_v make_v up_o of_o bough_n near_o the_o say_a church_n where_o have_v kill_v those_o ox_n that_o be_v former_o wont_n to_o be_v sacrifice_v they_o may_v make_v merry_a in_o give_v god_n thanks_o since_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o it_o shall_v be_v impossible_a to_o take_v away_o all_o vain_a and_o superstitious_a custom_n at_o once_o out_o of_o man_n mind_n so_o prejudice_v by_o long_a education_n at_o the_o same_o time_n also_o the_o pope_n return_v a_o answer_n to_o other_o letter_n which_o augustine_n have_v before_o write_v to_o he_o wherein_o have_v congratulate_v his_o great_a success_n in_o the_o conversion_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n and_o also_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o great_a miracle_n that_o almighty_a god_n have_v do_v by_o he_o he_o tell_v he_o that_o though_o he_o may_v rejoice_v in_o some_o measure_n for_o that_o heavenly_a gift_n yet_o with_o such_o a_o joy_n as_o aught_o to_o be_v allay_v with_o fear_n for_o as_o he_o may_v rejoice_v that_o the_o soul_n of_o the_o english_a be_v through_o miracle_n draw_v to_o a_o inward_a grace_n so_o he_o ought_v to_o be_v
afraid_a least_o by_o the_o miracle_n that_o be_v now_o wrought_v his_o mind_n may_v be_v puff_v up_o by_o vain_a glory_n therefore_o that_o he_o ought_v still_o to_o remember_v that_o when_o the_o disciple_n return_v from_o their_o preach_n with_o joy_n say_v to_o their_o heavenly_a master_n lord_n in_o thy_o name_n the_o devil_n be_v subject_a unto_o we_o they_o present_o receive_v a_o rebuke_n rejoice_v not_o for_o this_o but_o rather_o rejoice_v that_o your_o name_n be_v write_v in_o heaven_n bede_n also_o tell_v we_o that_o pope_n gregory_n about_o this_o time_n send_v king_n ethelbert_n many_o noble_a present_n together_o with_o a_o letter_n full_a of_o good_a advice_n and_o instruction_n ibid._n exhort_v he_o to_o cultivate_v that_o grace_n which_o he_o have_v receive_v by_o the_o especial_a providence_n of_o god_n to_o make_v haste_n to_o propagate_v the_o christian_a faith_n among_o his_o subject_n to_o increase_v the_o fervency_n of_o his_o own_o faith_n by_o further_a their_o conversion_n to_o destroy_v the_o worship_n of_o idol_n to_o establish_v the_o manner_n of_o his_o subject_n in_o the_o purity_n of_o life_n by_o exhort_v encourage_v and_o correct_v they_o and_o by_o show_v himself_o as_o example_n of_o good_a work_n that_o so_o he_o may_v find_v his_o reward_n in_o heaven_n then_o propose_v to_o he_o the_o example_n of_o constantine_n the_o emperor_n dci_o who_o have_v free_v the_o commonwealth_n from_o idol_n to_o the_o worship_n of_o our_o lord_n jesus_n christ_n advise_v he_o to_o hearken_v to_o and_o perform_v the_o good_a advice_n which_o shall_v be_v give_v he_o by_o augustine_n the_o bishop_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v trouble_v in_o mind_n if_o he_o shall_v see_v any_o terror_n or_o prodigy_n from_o heaven_n contrary_a to_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o the_o season_n as_o tempest_n famine_n and_o the_o like_a since_o the_o lord_n have_v already_o foretell_v that_o such_o thing_n shall_v happen_v before_o the_o end_n of_o 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prince_n and_o most_o ambitious_a of_o glory_n 34._o have_v waste_v the_o britain_n more_o than_o any_o other_o saxon_a king_n of_o his_o time_n win_v from_o they_o divers_a large_a territory_n which_o he_o either_o make_v tributary_n or_o plant_v with_o his_o own_o subject_n whence_o adian_n as_o bede_n or_o aedan_n or_o aegthan_n as_o the_o saxon_a chronicle_n call_v he_o grow_v jealous_a of_o ethelfred_n great_a success_n come_v against_o he_o with_o a_o great_a and_o powerful_a army_n to_o a_o place_n call_v degsastan_a or_o degstan_n and_o be_v there_o rout_v lose_v most_o of_o his_o man_n but_o in_o this_o battle_n theobald_n the_o brother_n of_o ethelfrid_n be_v slay_v that_o part_n or_o wing_n of_o the_o army_n which_o he_o command_v be_v unfortunate_o cut_v off_o yet_o nevertheless_o the_o loss_n be_v so_o great_a on_o the_o scotish_n side_n that_o no_o king_n of_o the_o scot_n dare_v any_o more_o in_o hostile_a manner_n march_v into_o britain_n to_o the_o time_n that_o bede_n write_v his_o history_n which_o be_v above_o a_o hundred_o year_n after_o he_o also_o tell_v we_o that_o this_o happen_v in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o emperor_n phocas_n buchanan_n in_o his_o scotch_a history_n write_v that_o this_o ethelfrid_n assist_v by_o keawlin_fw-ge who_o he_o mistiles_a king_n of_o the_o east_n instead_o of_o the_o westsaxon_n have_v before_o this_o time_n fight_v a_o battle_n with_o this_o adian_a wherein_o cutha_n keawlin_n son_n be_v slay_v but_o neither_o the_o saxon_a chronicle_n nor_o any_o of_o our_o english_a historian_n mention_v any_o such_o thing_n for_o this_o cutha_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o say_a chronicle_n be_v slay_v in_o the_o year_n 584._o fight_v against_o the_o welsh_a the_o number_n of_o christian_n begin_v now_o to_o multiply_v not_o only_o in_o kent_n dciu_o but_o other_o country_n augustine_n find_v it_o necessary_a to_o ordain_v two_o other_o bishop_n mellitus_n and_o justus_n send_v mellitus_n to_o preach_v the_o gospel_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o east_n saxon_n 3._o which_o be_v divide_v from_o that_o of_o kent_n by_o the_o river_n thamesis_n over_o which_o nation_n sebert_n the_o son_n of_o richala_n the_o sister_n of_o k._n ethelbert_n then_o reign_v tho'_o under_o his_o authority_n ann._n for_o he_o have_v then_o the_o supreme_a command_n over_o all_o the_o nation_n of_o the_o english_a saxon_n as_o far_o as_o the_o bank_n of_o humber_n but_o when_o this_o province_n have_v by_o the_o preach_n of_o mellitus_n receive_v the_o gospel_n of_o christ_n k._n sebert_n also_o baptize_v ethelbert_n cause_v the_o church_n of_o st._n paul_n to_o be_v build_v at_o london_n where_o mellitus_n and_o his_o successor_n shall_v fix_v their_o episcopal_a see_n but_o as_o for_o the_o other_o bishop_n justus_n augustine_n ordain_v he_o bishop_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o kent_n of_o a_o certain_a little_a city_n then_o call_v rofcaester_n now_o rochester_n be_v about_o twenty_o mile_n from_o canterbury_n dciu_o in_o which_o king_n ethelbert_n build_v the_o church_n of_o st._n andrew_n and_o bestow_v good_a endowment_n on_o it_o hitherto_o augustine_n have_v labour_v only_o to_o convert_v infidel_n but_o now_o he_o take_v upon_o he_o 2._o by_o virtue_n of_o his_o archiepiscopal_n or_o rather_o legatine_n authority_n which_o the_o pope_n have_v confer_v upon_o he_o over_o all_o the_o bishop_n of_o britain_n proper_o so_o call_v to_o make_v a_o general_a visitation_n of_o his_o province_n and_o come_v as_o far_o as_o the_o border_n of_o wales_n be_v assist_v by_o the_o power_n of_o king_n ethelbert_n he_o summon_v all_o the_o british_a bishop_n of_o the_o adjoin_a province_n to_o a_o synod_n at_o a_o place_n call_v in_o bede_n time_n augustine_n ake_n or_o oak_n than_o scituate_n on_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o wecti_n now_o the_o diocese_n of_o worcester_n and_o the_o west_n saxon_n suppose_v to_o be_v somewhere_o on_o the_o edge_n of_o worcester-shire_n and_o begin_v to_o persuade_v they_o by_o brotherly_a admonition_n that_o they_o will_v maintain_v the_o catholic_n unity_n and_o also_o join_v in_o the_o work_n of_o preach_v the_o gospel_n to_o the_o infidel_n nation_n for_o there_o be_v then_o a_o great_a difference_n between_o they_o about_o the_o rule_n of_o keep_v easter_n which_o bede_n tell_v we_o the_o britain_n do_v not_o keep_v at_o a_o right_a time_n but_o observe_v it_o from_o the_o fourteen_o to_o the_o twenty_o day_n of_o the_o moon_n which_o computation_n be_v continue_v in_o a_o cycle_n of_o eighty_o four_o year_n which_o account_n be_v somewhat_o obscure_a i_o shall_v for_o the_o clear_n of_o it_o set_v down_o what_o the_o learned_a bishop_n of_o st._n asaph_n have_v give_v we_o upon_o this_o subject_n in_o his_o historical_a account_n of_o church_n government_n already_o cite_v in_o the_o last_o book_n where_o he_o take_v notice_n 67._o that_o this_o cycle_n of_o eighty_o four_o year_n which_o be_v also_o call_v the_o roman_a account_n etc._n so_o late_o as_o in_o pope_n leo_n time_n the_o scot_n and_o south_n pict_n use_v the_o same_o cycle_n from_o the_o time_n of_o their_o conversion_n and_o so_o do_v the_o britain_n without_o any_o manner_n of_o alteration_n but_o about_o eighty_o year_n after_o the_o rend_n in_o piece_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n the_o roman_n have_v leave_v off_o the_o use_n of_o that_o cycle_n take_v up_o another_o of_o nineteen_o year_n which_o though_o it_o be_v better_a in_o many_o respect_n yet_o be_v new_a in_o these_o part_n and_o make_v a_o great_a difference_n from_o the_o former_a and_o when_o the_o roman_n have_v use_v this_o new_a cycle_n another_o eighty_o year_n come_v then_o to_o have_v to_o do_v with_o these_o northern_a nation_n who_o be_v yet_o ignorant_a of_o it_o they_o will_v needs_o impose_v the_o use_n of_o it_o upon_o they_o as_o a_o necessary_a condition_n of_o their_o
his_o province_n 2._o and_o as_o bede_n tell_v we_o survey_v all_o thing_n and_o ordain_v bishop_n in_o fit_a place_n and_o those_o thing_n which_o he_o find_v less_o perfect_a than_o they_o shall_v be_v he_o by_o their_o assistance_n correct_v among_o which_o when_o he_o find_v fault_n with_o bishop_n ceadda_n as_o not_o have_v be_v right_o consecrate_a he_o humble_o and_o modest_o reply_v if_o you_o believe_v that_o i_o have_v not_o right_o undertake_v the_o episcopal_a charge_n i_o willing_o quit_v it_o since_o as_o i_o never_o think_v myself_o worthy_a so_o i_o never_o consent_v to_o accept_v it_o but_o in_o obedience_n to_o the_o command_v of_o my_o superior_n but_o the_o archbishop_n see_v his_o humility_n answer_v that_o he_o will_v not_o have_v he_o lay_v aside_o his_o episcopacy_n and_o so_o he_o again_o renew_v his_o ordination_n according_a to_o the_o catholic_n rite_n dclxvii_o from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o this_o archbishop_n than_o think_v the_o ordination_n of_o the_o english_a and_o scotish_n bishop_n who_o differ_v from_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n as_o to_o the_o time_n of_o keep_v easter_n to_o be_v uncanonical_a and_o for_o this_o reason_n bede_n here_o also_o tell_v we_o that_o bishop_n wilfrid_n be_v send_v into_o france_n to_o be_v ordain_v but_o as_o for_o this_o bishop_n ceadda_n florence_n of_o worcester_n inform_v we_o that_o he_o be_v now_o also_o deprive_v of_o his_o bishopric_n and_o wilfrid_n restore_v to_o it_o as_o have_v be_v undue_o elect_v thereunto_o which_o tho'_o bede_n do_v not_o tell_v we_o in_o express_a word_n yet_o he_o confirm_v it_o in_o the_o very_a next_o chapter_n where_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o jaruman_n bishop_n of_o the_o mercian_n be_v now_o dead_a king_n wulfher_o do_v not_o ask_v archbishop_n theodorus_n to_o ordain_v a_o new_a one_o but_o only_o desire_v of_o king_n oswi_n that_o bishop_n ceadda_fw-mi the_o brother_n of_o cedda_n shall_v be_v send_v to_o he_o to_o take_v that_o charge_n who_o live_v private_o at_o his_o monastery_n of_o lestinghen_n where_o he_o be_v then_o abbot_n wilfrid_n than_o not_o only_o govern_v the_o diocese_n of_o york_n and_o all_o the_o northumber_n but_o also_o pict_n as_o far_o as_o king_n oswi_n dominion_n extend_v but_o to_o return_v again_o to_o the_o saxon_a annal_n dclxix_o this_o year_n king_n ecgbert_n give_v to_o basse_fw-fr the_o priest_n reculf_n where_o he_o build_v a_o monastery_n this_o be_v afterward_o call_v reculver_n in_o kent_n oswi_n king_n of_o northumberland_n die_v xv_o kal._n martij_fw-la and_o be_v bury_v at_o streanshale_v monastery_n dclxx._n and_o ecverth_n or_o egfrid_n his_o son_n reign_v after_o he_o also_o lothaire_n nephew_n of_o bishop_n agelbert_n take_v upon_o he_o the_o episcopal_a charge_n over_o the_o west_n saxon_n and_o hold_v it_o 7_o year_n archbishop_n theodorus_n consecrate_a he_o he_o who_o these_o annal_n call_v lothair_n be_v the_o same_o with_o leutherius_n bishop_n of_o winchester_n 5._o bede_n tell_v we_o further_o of_o king_n oswi_n that_o be_v wear_v out_o with_o a_o long_a infirmity_n he_o be_v so_o much_o in_o love_n with_o the_o roman_a rite_n that_o if_o he_o have_v recover_v of_o the_o sickness_n of_o which_o he_o die_v he_o have_v resolve_v to_o go_v to_o rome_n and_o end_v his_o day_n at_o the_o holy_a place_n have_v engage_v bishop_n wilfrid_n to_o be_v the_o guide_n and_o companion_n of_o his_o journey_n promise_v he_o no_o small_a reward_n for_o his_o pain_n dclxxi_o '_o this_o year_n be_v a_o great_a slaughter_n of_o bird_n h._n huntingdon_n render_v it_o a_o great_a fight_n of_o bird_n which_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v some_o remarkable_a combat_n of_o crow_n or_o jackdaw_n in_o the_o air_n of_o which_o we_o have_v several_a wonderful_a relation_n in_o our_o history_n mat._n westminster_n relate_v that_o the_o strange_a bird_n seem_v to_o fly_v before_o those_o of_o this_o country_n but_o that_o many_o thousand_o be_v kill_v dclxxii_o this_o next_o year_n cenwalch_n king_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n die_v and_o sexburga_n his_o wife_n hold_v the_o kingdom_n after_o he_o for_o one_o year_n of_o who_o william_n of_o malmesbury_n give_v this_o account_n that_o this_o king_n die_v leave_v the_o kingdom_n to_o sexburga_n his_o wife_n nor_o do_v she_o want_v spirit_n or_o courage_n to_o discharge_v all_o the_o function_n of_o a_o king_n for_o she_o straghtways_o begin_v to_o raise_v new_a force_n as_o also_o to_o keep_v the_o old_a to_o their_o duty_n to_o govern_v her_o subject_n with_o moderation_n and_o to_o keep_v her_o enemy_n in_o awe_n and_o in_o short_a to_o do_v such_o great_a thing_n that_o there_o be_v no_o difference_n but_o the_o sex_n between_o her_o and_o a_o king_n but_o as_o she_o aim_v at_o more_o than_o feminine_a undertake_n so_o she_o leave_v this_o life_n when_o she_o have_v scarce_o reign_v a_o year_n about_o but_o mat._n westminster_n say_v she_o be_v expel_v the_o kingdom_n by_o the_o noble_n who_o despise_v female_a government_n but_o what_o authority_n he_o have_v for_o this_o i_o know_v not_o for_o i_o do_v not_o find_v it_o in_o any_o other_o author_n whereas_o if_o what_o william_n of_o malmesbury_n say_v of_o she_o be_v true_a it_o be_v not_o likely_a they_o shall_v rebel_v against_o so_o good_a a_o governess_n who_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v the_o perfect_a pattern_n of_o a_o excellent_a queen_n after_o the_o death_n of_o king_n cenwalch_n dclxxii_o and_o as_o i_o suppose_v queen_n sexburga_n likewise_o bede_n relate_v that_o the_o great_a man_n or_o petty_a prince_n of_o that_o kingdom_n divide_v it_o among_o they_o and_o so_o hold_v it_o for_o 10_o year_n in_o which_o time_n eleutherius_fw-la 12._o bishop_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n i_o e._n of_o winchester_n die_v heddi_n be_v consecrate_a by_o archbishop_n theodorus_n in_o his_o stead_n in_o who_o time_n those_o petty_a prince_n be_v all_o subdue_v ceadwalla_n take_v the_o kingdom_n but_o this_o do_v not_o agree_v with_o the_o saxon_a annal_n about_o this_o time_n tho'_o bede_n do_v not_o set_v down_o the_o year_n king_n egfrid_n of_o northumberland_n wage_n war_n with_o wulfher_n king_n of_o mercia_n win_v from_o he_o all_o the_o country_n of_o lindsey_n about_o this_o time_n also_o die_v ceadda_n bishop_n of_o litchfield_n according_a to_o ran._n higden_n polychron_n but_o bede_n do_v not_o tell_v we_o the_o time_n of_o his_o death_n 3._o tho'_o he_o mention_n it_o and_o there_o give_v a_o large_a account_n of_o the_o great_a humility_n and_o piety_n of_o that_o good_a bishop_n and_o of_o the_o pious_a end_n he_o make_v he_o be_v call_v by_o we_o at_o this_o day_n st._n chad._n this_o year_n egberâ—_n king_n of_o kent_n decease_a dclxxiii_o according_a to_o bede_n epitome_n who_o as_o say_v math._n westminster_n give_v part_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o thanet_n to_o build_v a_o monastery_n to_o explate_v the_o murder_n of_o his_o cousin_n who_o he_o have_v cause_v to_o be_v slay_v as_o you_o have_v already_o hear_v the_o same_o year_n be_v a_o synod_n of_o all_o the_o bishop_n and_o great_a man_n of_o england_n hold_v at_o heartford_n now_o hartford_n 5._o which_o synod_n as_o bede_n tell_v we_o be_v call_v by_o archbishop_n theodorus_n where_o wilfred_n bishop_n of_o york_n with_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o england_n be_v either_o in_o person_n or_o by_o their_o deputy_n as_o florence_n relate_v and_o in_o which_o divers_a decree_n be_v make_v for_o the_o reformation_n of_o the_o church_n the_o first_o and_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v that_o easter_n shall_v be_v keep_v on_o the_o first_o lord_n day_n after_o the_o fourteen_o moon_n of_o the_o first_o month_n i._n e._n 〈◊〉_d which_o tho'_o it_o have_v be_v before_o appoint_v by_o the_o synod_n at_o streanshale_v abovementioned_a yet_o that_o be_v not_o look_v upon_o as_o a_o general_n council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n it_o be_v now_o again_o renew_v the_o rest_n of_o they_o concern_v the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o the_o privilege_n and_o exemption_n of_o monastery_n i_o pass_v over_o and_o refer_v you_o to_o sir_n h._n spelman_n first_o volume_n of_o council_n for_o far_a satisfaction_n but_o i_o can_v omit_v that_o it_o be_v here_o first_o ordain_v that_o tho'_o synod_n ought_v to_o be_v hold_v twice_o a_o year_n yet_o since_o divers_a cause_n may_v hinder_v it_o therefore_o it_o seem_v good_a to_o the_o whole_a council_n that_o a_o synod_n shall_v be_v assemble_v once_o a_o year_n at_o a_o place_n call_v cloveshoe_n this_o year_n also_o the_o saxon_a annal_n relate_v that_o etheldrethe_v 〈…〉_z late_a wife_n to_o egfrid_n king_n of_o northumberland_n found_v the_o monastery_n of_o ely_n in_o which_o she_o herself_o become_v the_o first_o abbess_n 19_o she_o as_o bede_n tell_v we_o have_v be_v twice_o marry_v but_o will_v never_o let_v either_o
time_n resign_v his_o kingdom_n be_v become_v a_o monk_n and_o so_o use_v his_o interest_n with_o king_n cenered_a who_o he_o have_v appoint_v king_n in_o his_o stead_n that_o he_o promise_v to_o obey_v the_o pope_n decree_n not_o long_o after_o which_o the_o bishop_n likewise_o send_v a_o abbot_n with_o a_o priest_n to_o king_n alfred_n desire_v his_o leave_n to_o return_v home_o and_o to_o deliver_v he_o the_o pope_n letter_n and_o the_o decree_n which_o have_v be_v make_v on_o his_o behalf_n which_o messenger_n tho'_o the_o king_n civil_o receive_v yet_o he_o plain_o tell_v they_o that_o he_o will_v do_v they_o any_o other_o favour_n but_o that_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o trouble_v he_o any_o further_a in_o this_o matter_n because_o whatever_o the_o king_n his_o predecessor_n together_o with_o his_o counsellor_n as_o also_o the_o late_a archbishop_n theodore_n have_v already_o judge_v and_o what_o he_o himself_o together_o with_o the_o present_a archbishop_n and_o all_o the_o bishop_n of_o the_o british_a nation_n have_v late_o decree_v that_o he_o be_v resolve_v never_o to_o alter_v for_o any_o letter_n send_v as_o they_o say_v from_o the_o apostolic_a see_n so_o the_o messenger_n return_v without_o any_o success_n the_o bishop_n continue_v where_o he_o be_v for_o some_o year_n but_o the_o king_n it_o seem_v repent_v at_o last_o of_o this_o harsh_a resolution_n and_o will_v have_v alter_v it_o as_o you_o will_v hereafter_o find_v i_o have_v be_v the_o more_o exact_a in_o this_o transaction_n of_o bishop_n wilfrid_n because_o it_o have_v never_o be_v as_o yet_o publish_v in_o english_a before_o and_o it_o also_o give_v we_o a_o great_a light_n into_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o church_n at_o this_o time_n and_o let_v we_o know_v that_o the_o king_n of_o northumberland_n do_v not_o then_o think_v themselves_o bind_v to_o observe_v the_o pope_n decree_n tho'_o make_v upon_o appeal_n to_o rome_n if_o they_o be_v contrary_a to_o a_o general_n synod_n or_o council_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n dcxciii_o about_o this_o time_n tho'_o it_o be_v not_o mention_v in_o bede_n nor_o in_o the_o saxon_a chronicle_n ina_n king_n of_o the_o westsaxon_n summon_v a_o great_a council_n or_o synod_n of_o all_o the_o bishop_n with_o the_o great_a and_o wise_a man_n of_o his_o kingdom_n which_o because_o it_o be_v the_o first_o authentic_a great_a council_n who_o law_n be_v come_v to_o we_o entire_a i_o shall_v set_v down_o the_o title_n of_o it_o as_o it_o be_v recite_v in_o the_o first_o volume_n of_o sir_n h._n spelman_n british_a council_n it_o begin_v thus_o ina_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n of_o the_o westsaxon_n by_o the_o council_n and_o advice_n of_o cenred_n my_o father_n and_o head_n and_o erkenwald_n my_o bishop_n with_o all_o my_o ealderman_n and_o sage_a ancient_n of_o my_o people_n as_o also_o in_o a_o assembly_n of_o the_o servant_n of_o god_n have_v religious_o endeavour_v both_o for_o the_o health_n of_o our_o soul_n and_o the_o common_a preservation_n of_o our_o kingdom_n that_o right_a law_n and_o true_a judgement_n be_v found_v and_o establish_v throughout_o our_o whole_a dominion_n and_o that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v lawful_a for_o the_o time_n to_o come_v for_o any_o ealderman_n or_o other_o subject_a whatever_n to_o transgress_v these_o our_o constitution_n i_o have_v also_o give_v you_o a_o extract_v of_o the_o chief_a of_o those_o law_n as_o far_o as_o they_o relate_v to_o any_o thing_n remarkable_a either_o in_o church_n or_o state_n refer_v you_o for_o the_o rest_n to_o the_o law_n themselves_o 1._o if_o a_o servant_n do_v any_o work_n on_o a_o sunday_n by_o command_n of_o his_o master_n he_o shall_v be_v free_a and_o the_o master_n shall_v be_v amerce_v thirty_o shilling_n but_o if_o he_o go_v about_o the_o work_n without_o his_o master_n privity_n he_o shall_v be_v beat_v or_o redeem_v the_o penalty_n but_o a_o freeman_n if_o he_o work_v on_o that_o day_n without_o the_o command_n of_o his_o master_n shall_v loose_v his_o freedom_n or_o pay_v 60_o sihilling_n if_o he_o be_v a_o priest_n his_o penalty_n shall_v be_v double_a 2._o the_o portion_n or_o due_n of_o the_o church_n shall_v be_v bring_v in_o by_o the_o feast_n of_o st._n martin_n he_o that_o pay_v they_o not_o by_o that_o time_n shall_v be_v amerce_v forty_o shilling_n and_o beside_o pay_v twelve_o time_n their_o value_n 3._o if_o any_o guilty_a of_o a_o capital_a crime_n shall_v take_v refuge_n in_o a_o church_n he_o shall_v save_v his_o life_n and_o yet_o make_v recompense_n according_a to_o justice_n and_o equity_n if_o one_o deserve_v stripe_n run_v to_o a_o church_n the_o stripe_n shall_v be_v forgive_v he_o 4._o if_o any_o one_o fight_n within_o the_o king_n house_n or_o palace_n he_o shall_v forfeit_v all_o his_o good_n and_o it_o shall_v be_v at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o king_n whether_o he_o shall_v have_v his_o life_n or_o not_o he_o that_o fight_v in_o a_o church_n shall_v pay_v 120_o s._n in_o the_o house_n of_o a_o alderman_n or_o other_o sage_a nobleman_n 60_o s._n whosoever_o shall_v fight_v in_o a_o villager_n house_n pay_v scot_n shall_v be_v punish_v 30_o s._n and_o shall_v give_v the_o villager_n 6_o s._n and_o if_o any_o one_o fight_n in_o the_o open_a field_n he_o shall_v pay_v 120_o s._n 5._o he_o that_o on_o his_o own_o private_a account_n shall_v revenge_v a_o injury_n do_v to_o he_o before_o he_o have_v demand_v public_a justice_n shall_v restore_v what_o he_o take_v away_o and_o beside_o forfeit_v 30_o shilling_n 6._o if_o a_o robber_n be_v take_v he_o shall_v lose_v his_o life_n dclxxx_o or_o redeem_v it_o according_a to_o the_o estimation_n of_o his_o head_n we_o call_v robber_n to_o the_o number_n of_o seven_o or_o eight_o man_n from_o that_o number_n to_o thirty_o five_o a_o band_n all_o above_o a_o army_n 7._o if_o a_o country_n boor_n have_v be_v often_o accuse_v of_o theft_n if_o he_o be_v at_o last_o take_v he_o shall_v have_v his_o hand_n or_o foot_n cut_v off_o 8._o if_o any_o one_o kill_v another_o godfather_n or_o godson_n the_o satisfaction_n shall_v be_v according_a to_o his_o quality_n and_o circumstance_n let_v the_o compensation_n due_a to_o the_o relation_n and_o that_o due_a to_o the_o lord_n for_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o man_n be_v both_o alike_o and_o let_v the_o one_o increase_n according_a to_o the_o circumstance_n of_o the_o person_n just_a as_o the_o other_o do_v but_o if_o he_o be_v the_o king_n godson_n let_v he_o make_v satisfaction_n to_o the_o king_n as_o well_o as_o the_o relation_n but_o if_o his_o life_n be_v take_v away_o by_o a_o relation_n then_o let_v the_o money_n due_a to_o the_o godfather_n be_v diminish_v as_o it_o use_v to_o be_v when_o money_n be_v pay_v to_o the_o master_n for_o the_o death_n of_o his_o servant_n if_o a_o bishop_n son_n be_v kill_v let_v the_o penalty_n be_v half_a so_o much_o from_o which_o law_n we_o may_v observe_v that_o our_o saxon_a ancestor_n be_v strict_a observer_n of_o the_o lord_n day_n and_o will_v not_o permit_v any_o servile_a work_n to_o be_v do_v thereon_o second_o that_o the_o superstition_n of_o sanctuary_n be_v very_o ancient_a in_o england_n as_o well_o as_o elsewhere_o three_o that_o theft_n murder_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o crime_n be_v then_o redeemable_a by_o pecuniary_a mulct_n either_o to_o the_o king_n or_o to_o the_o friend_n of_o the_o party_n slay_v or_o wrong_v or_o else_o by_o loss_n of_o limb_n but_o there_o be_v one_o law_n behind_o that_o be_v very_o remarkable_a that_o if_o any_o english_a man_n who_o have_v lose_v his_o freedom_n do_v afterward_o steal_v he_o shall_v be_v hang_v on_o the_o gallow_n and_o no_o recompense_n make_v to_o his_o lord_n if_o any_o one_o kill_v such_o a_o man_n he_o shall_v make_v no_o recompense_n on_o that_o account_n to_o his_o friend_n unless_o they_o redeem_v he_o within_o a_o twelve_o month._n where_o it_o appear_v that_o no_o english_a freeman_n can_v then_o be_v hang_v for_o any_o fault_n but_o treason_n tho'_o that_o be_v not_o express_v in_o these_o law_n but_o as_o for_o the_o last_o clause_n in_o these_o law_n that_o if_o the_o son_n of_o a_o bishop_n be_v kill_v the_o penalty_n shall_v be_v half_a whereby_o some_o will_v prove_v that_o bishop_n be_v then_o marry_v it_o be_v a_o mistake_n for_o by_o those_o word_n be_v only_o mean_v a_o bishop_n spiritual_a son_n or_o godson_n and_o not_o his_o natural_a or_o conjugal_a son_n this_o year_n the_o kentishman_n make_v a_o league_n with_o king_n ina_n and_o give_v he_o thirty_o thousand_o pound_n to_o obtain_v his_o friendship_n dcxciv_o because_o they_o have_v before_o burn_v moll_n his_o brother_n also_o wither_a begin_v to_o reign_v over_o the_o kingdom_n of_o kent_n and_o
dcclxxiv_o this_o year_n the_o northumbrian_n expel_v their_o king_n albred_a from_o york_n about_o easter_n and_o choose_v ethelred_n the_o son_n of_o moll_n once_o king_n for_o their_o lord_n he_o reign_v 4_o year_n of_o which_o transaction_n roger_n hoveden_n give_v we_o this_o particular_a relation_n that_o king_n alhr_v be_v depose_v by_o the_o common-council_n and_o consent_v of_o his_o own_o subject_n and_o forsake_v of_o all_o his_o great_a man_n be_v force_v to_o retire_v first_o to_o the_o city_n of_o bebban_n afterward_o call_v banbarough-castle_n from_o whence_o he_o betake_v himself_o to_o cynoth_n king_n of_o the_o pict_n with_o but_o very_o few_o follower_n the_o same_o year_n also_o appear_v a_o red_a cross_n in_o the_o heaven_n after_o sunset_n and_o the_o mercian_n and_o kentish-man_n fight_v at_o ottanford_n now_o otford_n in_o kent_n but_o neither_o the_o saxon_a annal_n nor_o any_o other_o vouchsafe_v to_o tell_v we_o what_o be_v the_o quarrel_n nor_o who_o be_v the_o commander_n on_o either_o side_n nor_o yet_o what_o be_v the_o success_n also_o strange_a serpent_n be_v see_v in_o the_o province_n of_o the_o south_n saxon_n mat._n westminster_n place_v this_o prodigy_n two_o year_n after_o and_o say_v they_o seem_v to_o creep_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n dcclxxv_o this_o year_n cynwulf_n king_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n and_o offa_n king_n of_o the_o mercian_n fight_v at_o binsington_n now_o bensington_n in_o oxfordshire_n but_o offa_n take_v the_o town_n so_o it_o seem_v cynwulf_n have_v the_o worst_a of_o it_o here_o follow_v in_o the_o peterburgh_n copy_n another_o relation_n concern_v that_o abbey_n which_o be_v thus_o that_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n offa_n there_o be_v a_o certain_a abbot_n of_o medeshamstead_n call_v beonna_n who_o with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o monk_n of_o his_o monastery_n lease_v out_o to_o cuthbriht_v the_o ealderman_n x_o bonde-land_n that_o be_v the_o ground_n of_o ten_o bondman_n or_o villain_n at_o swinesheafde_a with_o the_o meadow_n and_o pasture_n and_o all_o other_o thing_n thereunto_o belong_v upon_o this_o condition_n that_o cuthbriht_n shall_v pay_v the_o abbot_n fifty_o pound_n and_o one_o night_n entertainment_n every_o year_n or_o else_o thirty_o shilling_n in_o money_n and_o that_o after_o his_o death_n the_o land_n shall_v again_o revert_v to_o the_o monastery_n to_o which_o grant_n king_n offa_n king_n egferth_n arch_a bishop_n higebert_n the_o bishop_n ceolwulf_n the_o bishop_n inwona_n with_o beon_n the_o abbot_n and_o many_o other_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o great_a man_n be_v witness_n i_o have_v insert_v this_o passage_n tho'_o it_o do_v not_o relate_v to_o the_o civil_a history_n of_o these_o time_n because_o it_o be_v the_o first_o example_n of_o a_o lease_n of_o this_o kind_n and_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v do_v in_o a_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n where_o these_o king_n be_v present_a which_o be_v then_o necessary_a for_o such_o a_o grant_n also_o in_o the_o time_n of_o this_o king_n offa_n as_o the_o peterburgh_n copy_n relate_v there_o be_v a_o certain_a ealderman_n call_v brordan_n who_o desire_v of_o the_o king_n that_o for_o his_o sake_n he_o will_v free_v a_o certain_a monastery_n of_o he_o call_v wocingas_n because_o he_o intend_v to_o give_v it_o to_o st._n peter_n and_o to_o the_o church_n of_o medeshamsted_n one_o pusa_n be_v then_o abbot_n of_o it_o dcclxxv_o this_o pusa_n succeed_v beonna_n and_o the_o king_n love_v he_o very_o well_o wherefore_o he_o free_v the_o church_n of_o wocingas_n by_o the_o king_n consent_n with_o that_o of_o the_o bishop_n earls_z and_o all_o other_o man_n consent_n so_o that_o no_o body_n shall_v from_o thenceforth_o have_v any_o duty_n or_o tribute_n beside_o st._n peter_n and_o the_o abbot_n this_o be_v do_v in_o the_o king_n town_n call_v freoricburne_n pehtwin_n dcclxxvi_o bishop_n of_o witerne_n call_v in_o latin_a candida_n casa_n decease_v xiii_o kal._n octob._n he_o be_v bishop_n fourteen_o year_n and_o have_v be_v breed_v under_o aldhelm_n that_o pious_a bishop_n of_o winchester_n and_o the_o same_o year_n ethelbert_n be_v consecrate_v bishop_n of_o that_o see_v at_o york_n xvii_o kal._n junii_fw-la this_o year_n according_a to_o the_o welsh_a chronicle_n the_o south-welshman_n destroy_v great_a part_n of_o mercia_n with_o fire_n and_o sword_n as_o also_o the_o summer_n follow_v all_o the_o welshman_n dcclxxvii_o both_o of_o north_n and_o south-wales_n gather_v themselves_o together_o and_o invade_v the_o kingdom_n of_o mercia_n make_v great_a spoil_n by_o burn_v and_o plunder_v the_o country_n whereupon_o king_n offa_n be_v force_v to_o make_v peace_n with_o the_o other_o saxon_a king_n and_o to_o bend_v his_o whole_a force_n against_o the_o welsh_a man_n who_o not_o be_v able_a to_o encounter_v so_o great_a a_o strength_n as_o he_o then_o bring_v against_o they_o be_v force_v to_o quit_v all_o the_o plain_a country_n between_o the_o river_n of_o severne_n and_o wye_n and_o retire_v into_o the_o mountain_n whereupon_o offa_n perceive_v this_o seize_v upon_o all_o the_o country_n and_o plant_v saxon_n in_o their_o place_n and_o annex_v it_o to_o his_o own_o kingdom_n cause_v that_o famous_a ditch_n or_o trench_n to_o be_v make_v from_o sea_n to_o sea_n betwixt_o his_o kingdom_n and_o wales_n whereby_o he_o may_v the_o better_o defend_v his_o country_n from_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o welsh_a hereafter_o this_o ditch_n be_v see_v at_o this_o day_n in_o divers_a place_n and_o be_v call_v welsh_a clawdh_n offa_n i.e._n offa_n ditch_n this_o year_n aethebald_a and_o hearbert_n kill_v three_o chief_a gerif_n or_o governor_n ealdwulf_n the_o son_n of_o bosa_n at_o cyningeselife_o i._n e._n king_n cliff_n dcclxxviii_o and_o cynwulf_n and_o ecga_n at_o helathyrn_n xi_o kal._n aprilis_n then_o alfwold_n take_v the_o kingdom_n aethelred_n be_v expel_v the_o land_n and_o reign_v ten_o year_n but_o h._n huntingdon_n and_o simeon_n of_o durham_n give_v we_o a_o more_o exact_a account_n of_o this_o matter_n that_o aethelred_n king_n of_o northumberland_n have_v cause_v three_o of_o his_o noble_n aldwulf_n kinwulf_n and_o ecga_n to_o be_v treacherous_o slay_v by_o two_o of_o the_o same_o rank_n the_o year_n follow_v his_o subject_n rebel_a against_o he_o they_o first_o slay_v aldwulf_n general_n of_o the_o king_n army_n in_o flight_n at_o the_o place_n above_o mention_v as_o they_o also_o do_v the_o two_o other_o commander_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n so_o that_o king_n aethelred_n captain_n be_v all_o slay_v and_o his_o hope_n as_o well_o as_o his_o force_n defeat_v he_o be_v force_v to_o flee_v into_o another_o country_n and_o so_o elfwald_n the_o son_n of_o oswulf_n succeed_v he_o tho'_o not_o without_o civil_a broil_n he_o be_v a_o just_a and_o pious_a prince_n yet_o can_v not_o escape_v the_o hard_a fate_n of_o his_o predecessor_n as_o you_o will_v see_v in_o due_a time_n the_o same_o year_n as_o the_o laudean_a copy_n relate_v king_n charles_n enter_v spain_n and_o destroy_v the_o city_n of_o pampelona_n and_o cesar_n augusta_n now_o call_v saragosa_n and_o have_v join_v his_o army_n subdue_v the_o saracen_n and_o receive_v hostage_n from_o they_o and_o then_o return_v by_o narbon_n and_o gascony_n into_o france_n this_o year_n the_o chief_a gerif_n or_o governor_n of_o northumberland_n burn_v beorne_v the_o ealderman_n in_o seletune_n 19_o kal._n januarij_fw-la dcclxxx_o roger_n hoveden_n call_v these_o gerif_n osbald_n and_o aethelheard_n and_o h._n huntingdon_n say_v they_o burn_v this_o ealderman_n or_o chief_a justice_n of_o the_o kingdom_n dcclxxx_o because_o he_o be_v more_o rigid_a and_o severe_a than_o in_o reason_n he_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v the_o same_o year_n the_o ancient_a saxon_n and_o frank_n fight_v against_o each_o other_o in_o which_o battle_n charles_n king_n of_o the_o frank_n gain_v the_o victory_n have_v waste_v the_o saxon_a territory_n with_o fire_n and_o sword_n and_o lay_v they_o to_o his_o own_o dominion_n as_o not_o only_o our_o own_o but_o the_o french_a historian_n relate_v also_o bishop_n aethelheard_v die_v at_o york_n and_o eanbald_n be_v consecrate_v to_o the_o same_o see_v and_o cynebald_a the_o bishop_n resign_v his_o see_n at_o lindisfarne_n and_o alchmuna_n bishop_n of_o hagulstead_n decease_v 7_o the_o id._n sept._n and_o higbert_n be_v consecrate_v in_o his_o stead_n the_o 6_o the_o of_o the_o nones_n of_o octob._n as_o likewise_o higbald_n be_v consecrate_v at_o soccabrig_n to_o be_v bishop_n of_o lindisfarne_n also_o king_n allwold_n send_v to_o rome_n to_o demand_v the_o pall_n for_o eanbald_n archbishop_n of_o york_n this_o year_n werburh_n the_o wife_n of_o king_n ceolred_n late_a king_n of_o the_o mercian_n dcclxxxii_o decease_v at_o her_o nunnery_n of_o chester_n where_o she_o be_v abbess_n and_o where_o the_o church_n be_v dedicate_v to_o her_o memory_n also_o cenwulf_n bishop_n of_o lindisfarne_v die_v
it_o will_v not_o be_v better_o if_o the_o law_n be_v so_o at_o this_o day_n since_o it_o will_v not_o only_o prevent_v the_o too_o great_a favour_n of_o juries_n in_o some_o case_n but_o also_o their_o over-severity_n in_o other_o by_o often_o give_v either_o very_a small_a or_o else_o excessive_a damage_n according_a as_o the_o plaintiff_n or_o defendant_n be_v more_o or_o less_o know_v to_o they_o or_o that_o they_o have_v a_o great_a or_o less_o kindness_n for_o they_o there_o be_v likewise_o make_v in_o the_o same_o synod_n divers_a ecclesiastical_a canon_n some_o of_o which_o take_v from_o among_o the_o civil_a one_o i_o shall_v here_o likewise_o set_v down_o the_o first_o be_v concern_v the_o immunity_n of_o the_o church_n by_o which_o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o if_o a_o man_n guilty_a of_o any_o little_a crime_n fly_v to_o a_o church_n which_o do_v not_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n or_o the_o family_n of_o a_o private_a person_n he_o shall_v have_v three_o night_n to_o provide_v for_o himself_o dccclxxxviii_o unless_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n he_o can_v make_v his_o peace_n but_o if_o any_o man_n within_o that_o term_n shall_v inflict_v upon_o he_o either_o bond_n or_o blow_n he_o shall_v pay_v the_o price_n of_o his_o head_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n and_o also_o to_o the_o minister_n or_o officer_n of_o the_o church_n 120_o shilling_n for_o violate_v the_o peace_n thereof_o the_o next_o law_n but_o one_o be_v likewise_o to_o the_o same_o effect_n whereby_o be_v grant_v to_o every_o church_n consecrate_v by_o the_o bishop_n the_o like_a peace_n and_o if_o any_o offender_n shall_v fly_v to_o it_o none_o shall_v take_v he_o thence_o for_o seven_o day_n if_o any_o man_n shall_v presume_v to_o do_v so_o he_o shall_v be_v culpable_a of_o break_v the_o king_n and_o church_n peace_n if_o the_o officer_n shall_v have_v need_n of_o their_o church_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n he_o shall_v be_v put_v into_o another_o house_n which_o have_v no_o more_o door_n than_o the_o church_n only_o the_o elder_a i.e._n presbyter_n of_o that_o church_n shall_v take_v care_n he_o have_v no_o meat_n give_v he_o but_o if_o he_o will_v surrender_v himself_o and_o his_o arm_n to_o his_o enemy_n he_o shall_v be_v keep_v thirty_o night_n and_o then_o be_v deliver_v up_o to_o his_o kinsman_n also_o whosoever_o shall_v fly_v to_o a_o church_n for_o any_o crime_n which_o he_o have_v not_o yet_o confess_v if_o he_o shall_v there_o make_v confession_n of_o it_o in_o god_n name_n half_o the_o penalty_n shall_v be_v remit_v to_o he_o from_o whence_o you_o may_v observe_v the_o antiquity_n and_o design_n of_o sanctuary_n in_o england_n which_o be_v not_o then_o as_o they_o be_v afterward_o abuse_v be_v at_o first_o only_o intend_v for_o place_n where_o offender_n may_v stay_v for_o a_o time_n till_o they_o can_v agree_v with_o their_o adversary_n or_o prosecutor_n as_o well_o as_o they_o can_v since_o almost_o all_o crime_n whatever_o be_v redeemable_a with_o pecuniary_a mulct_n in_o those_o day_n the_o 5_o law_n be_v that_o if_o one_o shall_v steal_v any_o thing_n out_o of_o a_o church_n he_o must_v restore_v the_o value_n and_o also_o forfeit_a as_o belong_v to_o a_o angild_n the_o meaning_n of_o which_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o next_o law_n the_o 6_o law_n be_v that_o if_o any_o one_o shall_v steal_v on_o the_o sunday_n or_o on_o christmas_n or_o easter_n or_o ascension-day_n the_o forfeiture_n shall_v be_v as_o belong_v to_o a_o angild_n i._n e._n the_o whole_a value_n of_o his_o head_n also_o the_o hand_n with_o which_o he_o steal_v be_v to_o be_v cut_v off_o but_o if_o he_o will_v redeem_v his_o hand_n it_o shall_v be_v permit_v he_o to_o compound_v for_o it_o according_a as_o it_o shall_v appertain_v to_o his_o be_v i._n e._n the_o price_n of_o his_o head_n beside_o which_o law_n alfred_n abbot_n of_o rieval_n in_o his_o geneal_n regum_fw-la angliae_fw-la mention_n another_o law_n of_o this_o king_n be_v whereby_o every_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v two_o hide_n of_o land_n be_v oblige_v to_o keep_v his_o son_n at_o school_n till_o they_o be_v 15_o year_n of_o age_n that_o so_o they_o may_v become_v man_n of_o understanding_n and_o live_v happy_o for_o say_v the_o king_n in_o this_o law_n a_o man_n freeborn_a and_o unlettered_a be_v to_o be_v regard_v no_o otherwise_o than_o a_o beast_n or_o a_o man_n void_a of_o understanding_n the_o 12_o be_v concern_v the_o breach_n of_o the_o peace_n by_o priest_n if_o a_o priest_n kill_v any_o one_o he_o shall_v be_v take_v and_o all_o his_o estate_n confiscate_v and_o also_o the_o bishop_n shall_v degrade_v he_o and_o put_v he_o out_o from_o the_o church_n unless_o his_o lord_n will_v obtain_v his_o pardon_n by_o the_o price_n of_o his_o head_n the_o rest_n be_v concern_v the_o penalty_n for_o the_o violation_n of_o nun_n i_o omit_v dccâ—lxxxviii_n i_o have_v be_v the_o more_o particular_a in_o the_o recite_v of_o these_o law_n of_o king_n alfred_n as_o well_o ecclesiastical_a as_o civil_a that_o the_o reader_n may_v see_v the_o penalty_n that_o be_v inflict_v upon_o offender_n in_o that_o age_n and_o how_o different_a they_o be_v from_o we_o but_o to_o return_v to_o our_o annal_n this_o year_n beocca_n the_o ealderman_n carry_v the_o alm_n of_o the_o westsaxon_n as_o well_o as_o the_o king_n be_v to_o rome_n also_o queen_n aethelswith_n who_o be_v the_o sister_n of_o k._n aelfred_n and_o widow_n of_o burhed_n king_n of_o menia_fw-la die_v in_o her_o journey_n thither_o who_o body_n be_v bury_v at_o pavia_n and_o the_o same_o year_n aethered_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o aethelwald_n the_o ealderman_n decease_v in_o the_o same_o month._n about_o this_o time_n also_o according_a to_o asser_n king_n alfred_n build_v two_o monastery_n the_o one_o for_o man_n at_o ethelingaie_n now_o athelney_n that_o be_v the_o isle_n of_o noble_n where_o he_o have_v before_o lie_v so_o conceal_v and_o the_o other_o for_o nun_n at_o shaftsbury_n where_o he_o make_v algiva_n his_o own_o daughter_n abbess_n endow_v they_o both_o with_o great_a revenue_n dccclxxxix_o '_o this_o year_n none_o go_v to_o rome_n unless_o two_o ordinary_a messenger_n who_o the_o king_n send_v with_o letter_n yet_o nevertheless_o florence_n of_o worcester_n affirm_v the_o king_n command_v all_o the_o bishop_n and_o religious_a man_n of_o england_n to_o collect_v the_o alm_n of_o the_o faithful_a in_o order_n to_o senâ—_n they_o to_o rome_n and_o jerusalem_n and_o dcccxc_o the_o next_o year_n according_a to_o the_o same_o annal_n beornhelm_v abbot_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n carry_v those_o alm_n to_o rome_n and_o also_o goarun_v or_o gythrum_fw-la king_n of_o the_o norman_n i.e._n dane_n decease_v and_o be_v godson_n to_o king_n aelfred_n his_o christian_a name_n be_v ethelstan_n this_o be_v he_o who_o possess_v the_o country_n of_o the_o east-angle_n after_o the_o death_n of_o king_n edmund_n also_o the_o same_o year_n the_o dane_n leave_v the_o river_n seine_n and_o come_v to_o sand-laudan_a which_o place_n lie_v between_o the_o breton_n and_o the_o french_a but_o the_o breton_n fight_v with_o they_o obtain_v the_o victory_n and_o drive_v they_o into_o a_o river_n where_o many_o of_o they_o be_v drown_v this_o year_n also_o the_o annal_n relate_v that_o plegmond_n be_v elect_v by_o god_n and_o all_o his_o holy_a man_n to_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o canterbury_n tho'_o florence_n of_o worcester_n place_v it_o and_o that_o more_o right_o under_o the_o year_n before_o dcccxci_o the_o dane_n again_o invade_v the_o eastern_a franckland_n and_o arnulf_n the_o emperor_n be_v assist_v by_o the_o french_a saxon_n and_o bavarian_a horse_n fight_v with_o the_o danish_a foot_n and_o put_v they_o to_o flight_n also_o three_o scot_n come_v now_o to_o king_n alfred_n from_o ireland_n in_o one_o boat_n make_v of_o hide_n have_v quit_v their_o country_n because_o they_o will_v live_v the_o life_n of_o pilgrim_n i._n e._n a_o wander_v life_n for_o god_n sake_n not_o be_v solicitous_a about_o any_o place_n wherefore_o they_o have_v bring_v only_o one_o week_n provision_n with_o they_o and_o after_o about_o seven_o day_n be_v at_o sea_n land_v in_o cornwall_n they_o be_v present_o bring_v to_o king_n alfred_n their_o name_n be_v dubslane_n macbeth_n and_o maelinmun_n also_o swifneh_n who_o be_v chief_a preacher_n among_o the_o irish_a scot_n decease_v the_o same_o year_n after_o easter_n appear_v a_o comet_n this_o year_n after_o eight_o year_n intermission_n the_o kingdom_n become_v again_o infest_a worse_n than_o ever_o by_o a_o fresh_a invasion_n of_o the_o dane_n dcccxciii_o for_o their_o army_n abovementioned_a be_v drive_v by_o the_o emperor_n arnwulf_n out_o of_o france_n march_v westward_o to_o bunnan_n now_o boloign_n where_o take_v
and_o instead_o thereof_o engage_v the_o prince_n of_o wales_n to_o send_v he_o a_o yearly_o tribute_n of_o so_o many_o wolf_n head_n in_o lieu_n of_o that_o tribute_n which_o the_o say_a prince_n perform_v till_o within_o some_o year_n there_o be_v no_o more_o wolf_n to_o be_v find_v either_o in_o england_n or_o wales_n that_o tribute_n cease_v but_o to_o proceed_v with_o our_o annal_n this_o year_n decease_a aelfgar_n cousin_n to_o the_o king_n and_o earl_n also_o of_o devonshire_n who_o body_n lie_v bury_v at_o wilton_n sigeferth_n likewise_o here_o call_v a_o king_n though_o he_o be_v indeed_o no_o more_o than_o vice-king_n or_o earl_n of_o some_o province_n now_o make_v himself_o away_o and_o be_v bury_v at_o winborne_n the_o same_o year_n be_v a_o great_a mortality_n of_o man_n and_o a_o very_a malignant_a fever_n rage_v at_o london_n also_o the_o church_n of_o st._n paul_n at_o london_n be_v this_o year_n burn_v and_o soon_o after_o rebuilt_a and_o athelmod_a the_o priest_n go_v to_o rome_n and_o there_o die_v i_o have_v nothing_o else_o to_o add_v that_o be_v remarkable_a under_o this_o year_n but_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o tavistock_n by_o ordgar_n earl_n of_o devonshire_n afterward_o father-in-law_n to_o king_n edgar_n though_o it_o be_v within_o less_o than_o fifty_o year_n after_o its_o foundation_n burn_v down_o by_o the_o dane_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n ethelred_n but_o be_v afterward_o rebuilt_a more_o stately_a than_o before_o this_o year_n wolfstan_n the_o deacon_n decease_v and_o afterward_o gyric_n the_o priest_n dcccclxiii_n these_o i_o suppose_v be_v some_o man_n of_o remarkable_a sanctity_n in_o that_o monastery_n to_o which_o this_o copy_n of_o these_o annal_n do_v once_o belong_v the_o same_o year_n also_o abbot_n athelwald_n receive_v the_o bishopric_n of_o winchester_n and_o be_v consecrate_v on_o a_o sunday_n be_v the_o vigil_n of_o st._n andrew_n the_o second_o year_n after_o his_o consecration_n he_o repair_v divers_a monastery_n and_o drive_v the_o clerk_n i._n e._n canon_n from_o that_o bishopric_n because_o they_o will_v observe_v no_o rule_n and_o place_v monk_n in_o their_o stead_n he_o also_o found_v two_o abbey_n the_o one_o of_o monk_n and_o the_o other_o of_o nun_n and_o afterward_o go_v to_o king_n edgar_n he_o desire_v he_o to_o bestow_v upon_o he_o all_o the_o monastery_n the_o dane_n have_v before_o destroy_v because_o he_o intend_v to_o rebuild_v they_o which_o the_o king_n willing_o grant_v then_o the_o bishop_n go_v to_o elig_n where_o st._n etheldrith_n lie_v bury_v and_o cause_v that_o monastery_n to_o be_v rebuilt_a and_o then_o give_v it_o to_o the_o care_n of_o one_o of_o his_o monk_n name_v brightnoth_n and_o afterward_o make_v he_o abbot_n of_o the_o monk_n of_o that_o monastery_n where_o there_o have_v be_v nun_n before_o then_o bishop_n athelwald_n go_v to_o the_o monastery_n which_o be_v call_v medeshamstead_n which_o have_v also_o be_v destroy_v by_o the_o dane_n where_o he_o find_v nothing_o but_o old_a wall_n with_o tree_n and_o bush_n grow_v among_o they_o but_o at_o last_o he_o spy_v hide_v in_o one_o of_o these_o wall_n that_o charter_n which_o abbot_n headda_n have_v former_o write_v in_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o king_n wulfher_n and_o ethelred_n his_o brother_n have_v found_v this_o monastery_n and_o that_o the_o king_n with_o the_o bishop_n have_v free_v it_o from_o all_o secular_a servitude_n and_o pope_n agatho_n have_v confirm_v it_o by_o his_o bull_n as_o also_o the_o archbishop_n deus_fw-la dedit_fw-la which_o charter_n i_o suppose_v be_v that_o the_o substance_n of_o which_o be_v already_o recite_v in_o the_o four_o book_n anno_fw-la 656._o and_o which_o i_o have_v there_o prove_v to_o be_v forge_v for_o the_o monk_n have_v then_o a_o very_a fair_a opportunity_n to_o forge_v that_o charter_n dcccclxiii_n and_o afterward_o to_o pretend_v they_o find_v it_o in_o a_o old_a wall_n but_o let_v that_o pass_n thus_o much_o be_v certain_a from_o the_o peterburgh_n copy_n of_o these_o annal_n that_o the_o say_a bishop_n then_o cause_v this_o monastery_n to_o be_v rebuilt_a place_v a_o new_a set_a of_o monk_n therein_o over_o who_o he_o appoint_v a_o abbot_n call_v aldulf_n then_o go_v the_o bishop_n to_o the_o king_n and_o show_v he_o the_o charter_n he_o have_v late_o find_v whereby_o he_o not_o only_o obtain_v a_o new_a charter_n of_o confirmation_n of_o all_o the_o land_n and_o privilege_n former_o grant_v by_o the_o mercian_n king_n but_o also_o many_o other_o township_n and_o land_n there_o recite_v as_o particular_o vndale_n with_o the_o hundred_o adjoin_v in_o northamptonshire_n which_o have_v former_o be_v a_o monastery_n of_o itself_o as_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o account_n we_o have_v already_o give_v of_o the_o life_n of_o the_o archbishop_n wilfrid_n the_o king_n likewise_o grant_v that_o the_o land_n belong_v to_o that_o monastery_n shall_v be_v a_o distinct_a shire_n have_v sac_n and_o soc_n tol_o and_o team_n and_o infangentheof_n introduction_n which_o term_n i_o shall_v explain_v in_o another_o place_n the_o king_n there_o also_o grant_v they_o a_o market_n with_o the_o toll_n thereof_o and_o that_o there_o shall_v be_v no_o other_o market_n between_o stamford_n and_o huntingdon_n and_o to_o the_o former_a of_o these_o the_o king_n also_o grant_v the_o abbot_n a_o mint_n but_o as_o for_o the_o name_n of_o the_o land_n give_v together_o with_o the_o limit_n and_o the_o toll_v of_o the_o market_n there_o mention_v i_o refer_v the_o reader_n to_o the_o charter_n itself_o then_o follow_v the_o subscription_n of_o the_o king_n with_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o cross_n and_o next_o the_o confirmation_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n with_o a_o dreadful_a curse_n on_o those_o that_o shall_v violate_v it_o as_o also_o the_o confirmation_n of_o oswald_n archbishop_n of_o york_n athelwald_n bishop_n of_o winchester_n with_o several_z other_z bishop_n abbot_n ealdorman_n and_o wiseman_n who_o all_o confirm_v it_o and_o sign_v it_o with_o the_o cross_n this_o be_v do_v anno_fw-la dom._n 972._o of_o our_o lord_n nativity_n and_o in_o the_o sixteen_o year_n of_o the_o king_n reign_n which_o show_v this_o copy_n of_o the_o annal_n to_o be_v write_v divers_a year_n after_o these_o thing_n be_v do_v as_o do_v also_o more_o particular_o that_o short_a history_n concern_v the_o affair_n of_o this_o abbey_n and_o the_o succession_n of_o its_o abbot_n for_o many_o year_n after_o this_o time_n as_o how_o abbot_n adulf_n buy_v many_o more_o land_n wherewith_o he_o high_o enrich_v that_o monastery_n where_o he_o continue_a abbot_n till_z oswald_z archbishop_n of_o york_z decease_v and_o he_o succeed_v he_o in_o the_o archbishopric_n and_o then_o there_o be_v another_o choose_a abbot_n of_o the_o say_a monastery_n name_v kenulph_n who_o be_v afterward_o bishop_n of_o winchester_n he_o first_o build_v a_o wall_n round_o the_o monastery_n and_o give_v it_o the_o name_n of_o burgh_n which_o be_v before_o call_v medeshame_v but_o he_o be_v sometime_o after_o make_v bishop_n of_o winchester_n another_o abbot_n be_v choose_v from_o the_o same_o abbey_n call_v aelfi_n who_o continue_v abbot_n fifty_o year_n he_o remove_v the_o body_n of_o st._n kyneburge_n and_o st._n cynesuith_n which_o lie_v bury_v at_o castra_n and_o st._n tibba_n which_o lie_v entomb_v at_o rehala_n i._n e._n ryal_n in_o rutlandshire_n and_o bring_v they_o to_o burgh_n and_o dedicate_v they_o to_o st._n peter_n keep_v they_o there_o as_o long_o as_o he_o continue_v abbot_n i_o have_v be_v the_o more_o particular_a in_o the_o account_n of_o this_o so_o ancient_a and_o famous_a monastery_n as_o have_v be_v the_o episcopal_a see_v of_o the_o bishop_n of_o peterburgh_n almost_o ever_o since_o the_o dissolution_n of_o that_o abbey_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o this_o year_n also_o according_a to_o simeon_n of_o durham_n king_n edgar_n marry_v ethelfreda_n the_o daughter_n of_o ordgar_n earl_n of_o devonshire_n after_o the_o death_n of_o her_o husband_n ethelwald_n earl_n of_o the_o east-angle_n of_o she_o he_o beget_v two_o son_n edwald_n and_o ethelred_n the_o former_a of_o who_o die_v in_o his_o infancy_n dcccclxiii_n but_o the_o latter_a live_v to_o be_v king_n of_o england_n but_o before_o he_o marry_v this_o lady_n it_o be_v certain_a he_o have_v a_o elder_a son_n by_o elfleda_n surname_v the_o fair_a daughter_n of_o earl_n eodmar_n of_o who_o he_o beget_v king_n edward_n call_v the_o martyr_n but_o whether_o king_n edgar_n be_v ever_o lawful_o marry_v to_o she_o may_v also_o be_v doubt_v since_o osbern_n in_o his_o life_n of_o st._n dunstan_n say_v that_o this_o saint_n baptize_v the_o child_n beget_v on_o ethelfleda_n the_o king_n concubine_n with_o who_o also_o agree_v nicholas_n trevet_n in_o his_o chronicle_n though_o i_o confess_v the_o major_a
p._n 280._o hinguar_n their_o captain_n with_o twelve_o hundred_o man_n slay_v near_o the_o castle_n of_o kenwith_n id._n p._n 281._o be_v signal_o beat_v by_o king_n aelfred_n so_o as_o to_o desire_v peace_n on_o condition_n id._n p._n 282_o 283._o the_o law_n make_v between_o they_o and_o king_n aelfred_n in_o a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n acknowledge_v his_o superiority_n over_o they_o id._n p._n 285._o besiege_v the_o city_n of_o rochester_n build_v a_o strong_a fort_n before_o the_o gate_n of_o it_o but_o however_o they_o be_v force_v to_o retire_v and_o go_v to_o their_o ship_n id._n p._n 286._o one_o fleet_n of_o they_o beat_v by_o king_n alfred_n another_o meet_v he_o on_o his_o return_n home_o prove_v too_o hard_o for_o he_o the_o peace_n late_o make_v with_o king_n alfred_n break_v by_o the_o dane_n of_o east-england_n id._n p._n 286_o 287._o beat_v by_o the_o breton_n and_o by_o arnulf_n the_o emperor_n id._n p._n 298._o infest_v the_o kingdom_n for_o three_o year_n worse_o than_o ever_o their_o land_n in_o kent_n and_o their_o various_a success_n id._n p._n 298_o 299_o 300_o 301_o 302._o fight_v at_o holme_n with_o the_o kentish-man_n and_o their_o success_n l._n 5._o p._n 312_o 313._o break_v their_o league_n with_o king_n edward_n the_o elder_a afterward_o be_v beat_v by_o the_o english_a in_o staffordshire_n id._n p._n 315_o 316._o commit_v great_a ravage_n and_o slaughter_n in_o oxfordshire_n and_o several_a other_o country_n but_o often_o worsted_n id._n p._n 319_o 321._o their_o power_n beginning_n to_o decrease_v and_o that_o of_o the_o english_a to_o increase_v id._n p._n 321_o 322._o burn_v tavistock_n in_o less_o than_o fifty_o year_n after_o it_o be_v found_v l._n 6._o p._n 4._o with_o the_o welshman_n that_o assist_v they_o rout_v by_o howel_n ap_fw-mi jevaf_fw-mi their_o pirate_n destroy_v southampton_n and_o commit_v great_a ravage_n there_o they_o land_n in_o cornwall_n and_o burn_v the_o church_n and_o monastery_n of_o st._n petroc_n id._n p._n 20._o they_o land_n in_o dorsetshire_n and_o spoil_v the_o isle_n of_o portland_n id._n p._n 21._o destroy_v weedport_n that_o be_v watchet_a in_o somersetshire_n id._n p._n 22._o as_o likewise_o the_o whole_a isle_n of_o anglesey_n and_o the_o town_n of_o ipswich_n in_o suffolk_n id._n p._n 23._o several_a tribute_n pay_v they_o and_o yet_o those_o do_v not_o long_o satisfy_v their_o covetousness_n id._n p._n 25_o 29_o 32._o their_o fleet_n escape_v by_o flight_n from_o be_v encompass_v by_o king_n ethelred_n id._n p._n 23._o come_v hither_o again_o with_o ninety_o three_o ship_n and_o ravage_v several_a country_n id._n p._n 24_o 25._o maintain_v by_o the_o westsaxon_n and_o receive_v a_o great_a tribute_n beside_o id._n p._n 25._o take_v much_o plunder_v from_o the_o welsh_a cornwall_n and_o devonshire_n etc._n etc._n id._n p._n 26_o 27._o and_o the_o spoil_n burn_n and_o desolation_n they_o make_v wherever_o they_o come_v id._n p._n 28.29_o 30_o 31_o 32_o 33_o 34_o 35_o 36_o 37_o 38_o 45_o 46_o 47_o 74._o league_n make_v with_o they_o but_o they_o never_o regard_v they_o long_o id._n 28_o 31._o king_n ethelred_n command_v all_o the_o dane_n that_o can_v be_v find_v in_o england_n to_o be_v slay_v with_o the_o reason_n why_o which_o be_v most_o barbarous_o put_v in_o execution_n especial_o at_o london_n but_o not_o long_o after_o it_o be_v bloody_o revenge_v id._n p._n 29_o 30_o 31._o they_o insolent_o demand_v great_a tribute_n of_o the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n l._n 6._o p._n 35._o two_o thousand_o of_o they_o perish_v by_o divers_a inward_a torment_n their_o submission_n to_o king_n ethelred_n upon_o condition_n id._n p._n 36_o 37._o upon_o a_o peace_n with_o edmond_n ironside_n they_o take_v up_o their_o winter-quarter_n at_o london_n id._n p._n 48._o they_o and_o the_o english_a be_v reconcile_v and_o unite_v at_o oxford_n at_o a_o great_a council_n id._n p._n 51._o at_o the_o election_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n the_o great_a council_n agree_v and_o swear_v that_o no_o danes_n shall_v reign_v over_o they_o any_o more_o and_o why_o id._n p._n 70._o lothen_n and_o yrl_a danes_n with_o five_o and_o twenty_o ship_n land_v at_o sandwic_n commit_v great_a havoc_n and_o carry_v off_o abundance_n of_o booty_n id._n p._n 74._o daniel_n the_o learned_a and_o most_o pious_a bishop_n of_o bangor_n in_o what_o age_n he_o live_v among_o the_o britain_n l._n 3._o p._n 149._o daniel_n be_v wear_v out_o by_o age_n resign_v the_o bishopric_n of_o winchester_n to_o hunferth_n l._n 4._o p._n 224._o his_o death_n after_o he_o have_v be_v three_o and_o forty_o year_n a_o bishop_n id._n p._n 225._o dargo_v a_o river_n near_o york_n not_o far_o from_o which_o stand_v a_o idol-temple_n call_v godmundingham_n in_o king_n edwin_n time_n l._n 4._o p._n 174._o david_n afterward_o saint_v succeed_v dubritius_fw-la in_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o caer-leon_n l._n 3._o p._n 149._o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v uncle_n by_o the_o mother_n side_n to_o king_n athur_n ibid._n st._n david_n destroy_v by_o the_o dane_n who_o slay_v urgeney_n the_o bishop_n of_o that_o see_v l._n 6._o p._n 27._o deadly_a feud_n vid._n quarrel_n death_n none_o to_o die_v for_o small_a offence_n but_o mercy_n to_o be_v show_v to_o such_o criminal_n by_o king_n cnute_n law_n l._n 6._o p._n 58._o he_o that_o die_v in_o fight_n etc._n etc._n his_o heriot_n shâ—ll_v be_v remit_v and_o his_o child_n shall_v equal_o divide_v his_o good_n and_o land_n between_o they_o id._n p._n 60._o decennary_n every_o one_o of_o twelve_o year_n old_a to_o be_v enter_v into_o it_o l._n 6._o p._n 58_o 104._o decianus_n catus_n solicit_v by_o the_o roman_n here_o to_o send_v they_o some_o assistance_n against_o the_o iceni_n and_o trinobantes_n l._n 2._o p._n 47_o 48._o decimation_n a_o very_a strange_a one_o indeed_o which_o the_o dane_n make_v both_o of_o the_o monk_n and_o laity_n so_o that_o but_o one_o out_o of_o ten_o person_n be_v keep_v alive_a l._n 6._o p._n 36._o decius_n scil._n quintus_fw-la trajanus_n a_o great_a enemy_n to_o christianity_n he_o raise_v the_o seven_o persecution_n l._n 2._o p._n 81._o defamation_n punishable_a by_o cut_v out_o the_o tongue_n of_o the_o party_n or_o redeem_v it_o with_o the_o value_n of_o his_o head_n l._n 6._o p._n 13._o degradation_n of_o a_o priest_n for_o murder_n as_o well_o as_o confiscation_n of_o all_o his_o estate_n unless_o his_o lord_n will_v obtain_v his_o pardon_n by_o the_o price_n of_o his_o head_n l._n 5._o p._n 297._o degsastan_a or_o degstan_n where_o adian_n jealous_a of_o ethelfrid_n great_a success_n come_v against_o he_o with_o a_o powerful_a army_n but_o be_v rout_v l._n 4._o p._n 159._o deira_n a_o kingdom_n in_o northumberland_n who_o king_n be_v general_o name_v ella_n l._n 4._o p._n 152._o and_o bernicia_n unite_v into_o one_o kingdom_n in_o oswald_n time_n id._n p._n 178._o demetae_n that_o be_v south-welshman_n l._n 3._o p._n 139_o vid._n venedoti_n denulp_n bishop_n of_o winchester_n his_o education_n advancement_n and_o death_n l._n 5._o p._n 315._o deomed_a suppose_a to_o be_v south-wales_n l._n 5._o p._n 319._o deorham_n now_o durham_n in_o gloucestershire_n l._n 3._o p._n 146._o deposition_n the_o first_o instance_n of_o it_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o great_a council_n l._n 4._o p._n 227._o alhred_a depose_v by_o the_o common_a council_n and_o consent_v of_o his_o own_o subject_n id._n p._n 230._o of_o edwi_n confirm_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n l._n 5._o p._n 354._o &_o sparsim_fw-la deprivation_n of_o bosa_n bishop_n of_o dunmoc_n and_o for_o what_o l._n 4._o p._n 193._o derawnde_v now_o call_v beverley_n in_o yorkshire_n l._n 4._o p._n 202._o desertion_n he_o that_o desert_n his_o lord_n or_o fellow-soldier_n either_o by_o land_n or_o sea_n in_o a_o expedition_n be_v deprive_v both_o of_o life_n and_o estate_n l._n 6._o p._n 60._o devils-ditch_n former_o divide_v the_o mercian_n kingdom_n from_o that_o of_o the_o east-angle_n l._n 4._o p._n 239._o l._n 5._o p._n 313._o devise_v of_o land_n by_o will._n vid._n testament_n deusdedit_v the_o pope_n grant_v adrian_n the_o abbot_n of_o canterbury_n a_o privilege_n concern_v the_o free_a election_n of_o the_o abbot_n of_o that_o monastery_n l._n 4._o p._n 165._o deusdedit_n consecrate_a archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o be_v the_o first_o english_a monk_n that_o have_v ever_o be_v choose_v archbishop_n of_o that_o see_v and_o the_o first_o bishop_n consecrate_v but_o by_o one_o he_o change_v his_o name_n to_o this_o have_v before_o be_v call_v fridona_n or_o fridon_n l._n 4._o p._n 186._o his_o death_n id._n p._n 189._o dicul_n a_o irish_a or_o scotch_a monk_n that_o live_v in_o a_o little_a monastery_n at_o a_o place_n call_v bosenham_n with_o five_o or_o six_o brethren_n in_o great_a
ethelbert_n surname_v praen_n begin_v to_o reign_v in_o kent_n l._n 4._o p._n 240._o have_v his_o eye_n put_v out_o and_o his_o hand_n cut_v off_o by_o the_o order_n of_o cenwulf_n king_n of_o mercia_n whither_o he_o be_v carry_v prisoner_n id._n p._n 241._o be_v set_v free_a before_o the_o high_a altar_n be_v then_o a_o prisoner_n of_o war_n upon_o the_o dedication_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o winchelcomb_n id._n p._n 242._o eadbriht_o king_n of_o kent_n his_o death_n after_o he_o have_v reign_v six_o year_n l._n 4._o p._n 225._o eadburga_n daughter_n to_o king_n offa_n marry_v brithtrick_n king_n of_o the_o westsaxon_n l._n 4._o p._n 235._o make_v away_o her_o husband_n by_o poison_n design_v indeed_o for_o one_o of_o his_o favourite_n who_o she_o can_v not_o endure_v id._n p._n 243._o retire_v into_o france_n be_v put_v there_o into_o a_o nunnery_n and_o why_o and_o be_v expel_v thence_o for_o her_o incontinency_n she_o beg_v her_o bread_n in_o italy_n till_o she_o die_v l._n 4._o p._n 243._o a_o law_n make_v upon_o her_o account_n that_o the_o king_n consort_n for_o the_o future_a shall_v not_o be_v call_v queen_n l._n 5._o p._n 264._o eadesbyrig_n suppose_v by_o mr._n cambden_n to_o be_v edesbury_n in_o cheshire_n where_o aethelfleda_n lady_n of_o the_o mercian_n build_v a_o castle_n l._n 5._o p._n 316._o eadfrid_n a_o son_n of_o king_n edwin_n by_o his_o wife_n quenburga_n who_o be_v daughter_n of_o ceorle_n king_n of_o mercia_n l._n 4._o p._n 174._o surrender_n up_o himself_o to_o penda_n king_n of_o the_o mercian_n id._n p._n 176._o eadhed_n be_v ordain_v bishop_n in_o the_o province_n of_o lindisse_fw-la and_o afterward_o govern_v the_o church_n of_o rippon_n l._n 4._o p._n 196._o eadmund_n etheling_n son_n to_o king_n edgar_n his_o death_n and_o burial_n at_o rumsey_n in_o hampshire_n l._n 6._o p._n 7._o eadred_a or_o ethelred_n king_n of_o the_o mercian_n marry_v ethelfleda_n king_n alfred_n elder_a daughter_n l._n 5._o p._n 311._o vid._n ethelred_n duke_n of_o mercia_n eadsige_v vid._n aeadsige_n eadulf_n vid._n adulf_n eadwig_n etheling_n call_v ceorle_n ce_a that_o be_v king_n of_o the_o clown_n brother_n to_o king_n edward_n be_v banish_v the_o whole_a story_n of_o he_o he_o be_v make_v two_o person_n by_o the_o annal_n l._n 6._o p._n 50_o 51._o eadwin_n vid._n edwin_n eagle_n the_o roman_a ensign_n be_v in_o caesar_n time_n all_o eagle_n l._n 2._o p._n 26._o ealcher_n and_o his_o kentish-man_n with_o huda_n and_o his_o surry-man_n fight_v with_o the_o danish_a army_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o thanet_n and_o the_o success_n thereof_o l._n 5._o p._n 261_o 262._o ealchstan_n bishop_n of_o scireborne_v and_o prince_n aethelbald_n join_v in_o a_o most_o wicked_a conspiracy_n to_o remove_v aethelwulf_n out_o of_o his_o kingdom_n l._n 5._o p._n 263._o ealerd_v a_o daughter_n of_o king_n edw_v by_o queen_n aethelburga_n l._n 4._o p._n 176._o ealfert_n or_o alfred_n king_n of_o the_o northumber_n his_o decease_n l._n 4._o p._n 213._o ealfric_n a_o ealdorman_a and_o one_o of_o king_n ethelred_n admiral_n who_o be_v to_o have_v encompass_v the_o danish_a fleet_n by_o surpise_n but_o underhand_o he_o betray_v the_o design_n send_v they_o notice_n to_o take_v care_n of_o themselves_o and_o the_o night_n before_o the_o intend_a engagement_n go_v over_o to_o they_o himself_o l._n 6._o p._n 23_o 24._o several_a other_o treachery_n he_o play_v as_o leave_v the_o army_n whereof_o he_o be_v general_n etc._n etc._n id._n p._n 30._o ealswithe_o the_o daughter_n of_o aethelred_n ealdorman_n of_o the_o gaini_n be_v marry_v to_o king_n alfred_n l._n 5._o p._n 269_o 313._o her_o child_n by_o he_o and_o her_o decease_n id._n p._n 310_o 311_o 313._o eanbald_a consecrate_a archbishop_n to_o the_o see_v of_o york_n on_o the_o death_n of_o ethelheard_n the_o pall_n demand_v for_o he_o of_o the_o pope_n by_o alwold_n king_n of_o the_o northumber_n l._n 4._o p._n 232._o depart_v from_o the_o northumber_n and_o afterward_o consecrate_v and_o place_n on_o the_o throne_n eardwulf_n who_o have_v begin_v his_o reign_n over_o northumberland_n about_o a_o month_n before_o id._n p._n 240._o his_o death_n and_o burial_n at_o york_n the_o year_n after_o id._n p._n 241._o another_o of_o the_o same_o name_n upon_o his_o decease_n be_v consecrate_a archbishop_n of_o york_n and_o the_o year_n follow_v he_o receive_v the_o pall_n ibid._n this_o eanbald_a hold_v the_o second_o council_n at_o pinchinhale_n and_o what_o be_v do_v therein_o id._n p._n 242._o eanbryht_o bishop_n of_o hagulstad_n his_o decease_n l._n 5._o p._n 248._o eanfrid_n or_o earlfrid_n the_o son_n of_o ethelfrid_n the_o last_o king_n before_o edwin_n rule_v the_o kingdom_n of_o bernicia_n and_o abjure_v the_o christian_a religion_n which_o before_o he_o have_v profess_v l._n 4._o p._n 176._o be_v base_o put_v to_o death_n by_o cadwallo_n when_o he_o imprudent_o come_v to_o he_o with_o only_o twelve_o select_a knight_n in_o his_o company_n to_o treat_v of_o peace_n id._n p._n 177._o earcombert_n the_o first_o english_a king_n viz._n of_o kent_n who_o command_v idol_n to_o be_v destroy_v and_o order_v lend_v to_o be_v observe_v l._n 4._o p._n 180._o his_o death_n and_o who_o succeed_v he_o id._n p._n 185_o 190._o his_o character_n id._n p._n 189._o earcongath_o or_o earcongata_fw-la daughter_n to_o earcombert_n a_o virgin_n of_o great_a piety_n constant_o serve_v god_n in_o a_o monastery_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o frank_n in_o the_o town_n of_o bruges_n in_o flanders_n l._n 4._o p._n 180._o eardulf_n succeed_v alfred_n or_o ealfert_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o northumber_n but_o be_v expel_v from_o it_o within_o two_o month_n by_o a_o plot_n lay_v against_o he_o l._n 4._o p._n 213._o eardwulf_n a_o earl_n command_v to_o be_v put_v to_o death_n be_v find_v afterward_o alive_a and_o after_o that_o make_v king_n of_o northumberland_n id._n p._n 236._o when_o he_o begin_v to_o reign_v there_o and_o who_o he_o succeed_v id._n p._n 240._o return_v home_n victorious_a by_o destroy_v the_o rebel_n that_o rise_v up_o against_o he_o id._n p._n 241._o lead_v a_o army_n against_o kenwulf_n king_n of_o mercia_n for_o harbour_v his_o enemy_n but_o by_o the_o intercession_n of_o king_n egbert_n a_o peace_n be_v agree_v on_o and_o confirm_v by_o oath_n l._n 5._o p._n 248._o about_o three_o year_n after_o he_o be_v drive_v out_o of_o his_o kingdom_n and_o by_o who_o ibid._n p._n 249._o the_o son_n of_o eardulf_n the_o first_o king_n of_o that_o name_n there_o restore_v to_o his_o kingdom_n by_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o great_a l._n 5._o p._n 249._o earnred_n succeed_v aelfwold_n king_n of_o northumberland_n l._n 5._o p._n 249._o hold_v his_o kingdom_n as_o tributary_n to_o egbert_n chief_a king_n of_o the_o english_a who_o have_v grievous_o waste_v it_o with_o his_o arm_n id._n p._n 248_o 255._o his_o death_n his_o son_n succeed_v he_o id._n p._n 260._o earnwulf_n charles_n the_o gross_a king_n of_o the_o frank_n his_o brother_n son_n expel_v his_o uncle_n his_o kingdom_n divide_v it_o into_o five_o part_n and_o each_o of_o the_o king_n to_o govern_v under_o he_o l._n 5.290_o east-angle_n the_o country_n we_o now_o call_v norfolk_n and_o suffolk_n the_o kingdom_n of_o it_o suppose_v to_o begin_v about_o anno_fw-la 575._o under_o uffa_o the_o eight_o king_n from_o woden_n l._n 3._o p._n 145._o the_o gospel_n be_v preach_v to_o they_o by_o furseus_n which_o convert_v many_o of_o they_o l._n 4._o p._n 180._o the_o kingdom_n thereof_o divide_v between_o hunbeanna_n and_o albert_n id._n p._n 225._o they_o slay_v beornwulf_n king_n of_o the_o mercian_n for_o challenge_v this_o kingdom_n as_o his_o own_o l._n 5._o p._n 253._o edmund_z their_o king_n fight_v with_o the_o dane_n they_o obtain_v the_o victory_n kill_v he_o and_o whole_o conquer_v that_o kingdom_n id._n p._n 269_o 272_o 273_o 274._o their_o subjection_n and_o freedom_n from_o the_o danish_a yoke_n id._n p._n 322_o easter_n it_o be_v observation_n according_a to_o the_o manner_n prescribe_v in_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a l._n 2._o p._n 88_o l._n 4._o p._n 166._o the_o difference_n about_o the_o rule_n of_o keep_v it_o in_o augustin_n time_n l._n 4._o p._n 160_o 161._o how_o it_o be_v observe_v by_o bishop_n aidan_n id._n p._n 177._o be_v command_v to_o be_v keep_v according_a to_o the_o order_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n id._n p._n 189._o appoint_a by_o the_o synod_n at_o hartford_n in_o anno_fw-la 673._o to_o be_v keep_v on_o the_o first_o lord_n day_n after_o the_o fourteen_o moon_n of_o the_o first_o month_n that_o be_v january_n this_o be_v a_o general_n council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n id._n p._n 193._o aldhelm_n abbot_n of_o malmesbury_n write_v a_o excellent_a book_n about_o the_o keep_v of_o easter_n
of_o the_o northern_a britain_n dcclvii_o this_o year_n eadbert_n king_n of_o the_o northumber_n be_v shear_v a_o monk_n and_o ofwulf_n his_o son_n succeed_v he_o yet_o reign_v but_o one_o year_n be_v slay_v by_o the_o treachery_n of_o his_o own_o servant_n on_o the_o 9th_o of_o the_o kal._n august_n follow_v tho'_o without_o any_o just_a cause_n as_o i_o can_v find_v concern_v this_o eadbert_n simeon_n of_o durham_n in_o his_o history_n of_o that_o church_n tell_v we_o that_o after_o he_o have_v reign_v 21_o year_n and_o rule_v his_o kingdom_n with_o great_a wisdom_n and_o courage_n so_o that_o all_o his_o adversary_n be_v either_o overcome_v by_o force_n or_o else_o submit_v themselves_o to_o he_o the_o english_a pictish_a and_o scotish_n king_n not_o only_o maintain_v peace_n and_o friendship_n with_o he_o but_o rejoice_v to_o do_v he_o honour_n so_o that_o the_o fame_n of_o his_o grandeur_n spread_v as_o far_o as_o france_n king_n pipin_n not_o only_o make_v a_o league_n with_o he_o but_o send_v he_o great_a present_n and_o the_o king_n his_o neighbour_n when_o he_o be_v about_o to_o resign_v the_o crown_n have_v he_o in_o that_o esteem_n that_o they_o offer_v he_o part_v of_o their_o own_o dominion_n on_o condition_n that_o he_o will_v not_o lay_v down_o his_o charge_n but_o he_o refuse_v it_o and_o resign_v his_o kingdom_n to_o usulf_n his_o son_n also_o about_o this_o time_n according_a to_o the_o british_a chronicle_n there_o be_v a_o great_a battle_n fight_v at_o hereford_n between_o the_o britain_n and_o the_o saxon_n where_o dyfnwal_n ap_fw-mi theodore_n be_v slay_v but_o they_o do_v not_o tell_v we_o who_o obtain_v the_o victory_n dcclviii_o this_o year_n cathbert_n arch_a bishop_n of_o canterbury_n decease_a have_v fate_n archbishop_n 18_o year_n also_o according_a to_o florence_n about_o this_o time_n swithr_v reign_v over_o the_o east_n and_o osmund_n over_o the_o south_n saxon_n as_o also_o beorne_n be_v king_n over_o the_o east_n angle_n dcclix_o this_o year_n bregowin_n be_v consecrate_v archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n at_o the_o feast_n of_o st._n michael_n and_o ethelwold_n surname_v moll_n begin_v to_o reign_v over_o the_o northumber_n and_o at_o last_o resign_v the_o crown_n dcclx_o '_o ethelbryght_n king_n of_o kent_n decease_v he_o be_v the_o son_n of_o king_n wither_a of_o this_o king_n william_n of_o malmesbury_n record_v nothing_o remarkable_a but_o that_o the_o city_n of_o canterbury_n be_v burn_v in_o his_o reign_n ceolwulf_n also_o late_a king_n of_o northumberland_n depart_v this_o life_n the_o same_o year_n die_v a_o monk_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o lindisfarne_n but_o simeon_n of_o durham_n prolong_v his_o life_n 4_o year_n long_o dcclxi_o this_o year_n be_v a_o very_a sharp_a winter_n and_o ethelwald_n moll_n king_n of_o northumberland_n slay_v duke_n oswin_n at_o edwinsclife_n on_o the_o eight_o of_o the_o ides_n of_o august_n but_o tho'_o who_o this_o duke_n be_v our_o annal_n do_v not_o tell_v we_o yet_o simeon_n of_o durham_n and_o roger_n of_o hoveden_n relate_v he_o be_v one_o of_o those_o great_a northumbrian_n lord_n that_o rebel_v against_o the_o king_n who_o gain_v the_o victory_n over_o he_o and_o those_o rebel_n that_o take_v his_o part_n dcclxii_o '_o this_o year_n decease_v bergowine_n the_o archbishop_n abovementioned_a but_o if_o he_o sit_v 4_o year_n as_o these_o annal_n affirm_v he_o can_v not_o have_v die_v till_o the_o year_n follow_v in_o which_o also_o dcclxiii_o janbryht_v who_o be_v also_o call_v lambert_n be_v now_o consecrate_v archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n about_o 40_o day_n after_o christmas_n also_o frithwald_n bishop_n of_o witherne_a die_v on_o the_o nones_n of_o may_n he_o have_v be_v consecrate_a in_o york_n on_o the_o 18_o kalend_n of_o september_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o ceolwulf_n and_o sit_v bishop_n 29_o year_n and_o then_o piyhtwin_n or_o pechtwin_n be_v consecrate_a bishop_n of_o witerne_n at_o aelfet_n on_o the_o 16_o kal._n of_o august_n '_o janbryht_n the_o archbishop_n dcclxiv_o receive_v his_o pall_n this_o be_v as_o florence_n of_o worcester_n inform_v we_o from_o pope_n paul_n i._n '_o this_o year_n also_o as_o simeon_n of_o durham_n relate_v there_o be_v much_o mischief_n do_v by_o fire_n at_o london_n winchester_n and_o other_o place_n '_o alhred_n king_n of_o northumberland_n begin_v to_o reign_v dcclxv_o and_o reign_v eight_o year_n ethelwold_n moll_n have_v now_o by_o death_n quit_v that_o kingdom_n the_o manner_n of_o which_o be_v give_v we_o more_o perfect_o by_o william_n of_o malmesbury_n and_o roger_n hoveden_n viz._n that_o ethelwold_n lose_v the_o kingdom_n of_o northumberland_n at_o winchan-hea_a 1_o o_o kal._n november_n be_v murder_v by_o the_o treachery_n of_o this_o albred_a who_o succeed_v he_o and_o be_v also_o of_o the_o race_n of_o ida_n be_v his_o great_a nephew_n the_o same_o year_n also_o according_a to_o i._n william_n of_o malmesbury_n offa_n king_n of_o the_o mercian_n envy_v the_o greatness_n of_o the_o arch-bishop_n of_o canterbury_n do_v by_o most_o noble_a present_n make_v to_o the_o pope_n obtain_v a_o pall_n for_o the_o see_v of_o lichfield_n that_o be_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v for_o the_o future_a a_o archbishopric_n and_o that_o all_o the_o bishop_n of_o the_o province_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o mercia_n and_o the_o east_n angle_n shall_v be_v subject_a to_o it_o and_o this_o he_o not_o only_o gain_v notwithstanding_o the_o opposition_n and_o remonstrance_n of_o archbishop_n jambert_n to_o the_o contrary_a but_o also_o bereave_v the_o archbishopric_n of_o canterbury_n of_o all_o its_o land_n which_o lie_v within_o the_o mercian_n territory_n which_o injustice_n continue_v during_o the_o whole_a reign_n of_o king_n offa_n till_o kenulph_n his_o successor_n by_o the_o intercession_n of_o eanbald_n than_o archbishop_n of_o york_n restore_v the_o see_v of_o canterbury_n to_o its_o ancient_a right_n this_o year_n decease_v egbert_n archbishop_n of_o york_n dcclxvi_o 13_o o_z kal._n sept._n who_o sit_v bishop_n 36_o year_n this_o be_v he_o who_o be_v base_a brother_n to_o the_o king_n of_o the_o same_o name_n and_o regain_v the_o pall_n to_o his_o see_n after_o it_o have_v be_v without_o it_o ever_o since_o the_o time_n of_o paulinus_n he_o also_o build_v a_o noble_a library_n at_o york_n which_o be_v then_o count_v one_o of_o the_o best_a in_o europe_n for_o william_n of_o malmesbury_n relate_v that_o alcuin_n the_o great_a scholar_n of_o his_o time_n once_o tell_v the_o emperor_n charles_n that_o if_o he_o will_v give_v he_o such_o book_n of_o exquisite_a learning_n as_o he_o have_v in_o his_o own_o country_n by_o the_o pious_a industry_n of_o his_o master_n archbishop_n eghert_n than_o he_o will_v instruct_v and_o send_v he_o back_o some_o young_a man_n who_o shall_v carry_v over_o the_o choice_a flower_n of_o the_o english_a learning_n into_o france_n according_a to_o simeon_n of_o durham_n albert_n be_v now_o ordain_v archbishop_n of_o york_n dcclxvii_o '_o eadbert_n the_o son_n of_o eatta_n decease_v on_o 14_o o_fw-mi kal._n september_n this_o eadbert_n have_v be_v former_o king_n of_o northumberland_n dcclxviii_o and_o according_a to_o simeon_n of_o durham_n die_v 10_o year_n after_o his_o take_v the_o habit_n of_o a_o monk_n and_o be_v bury_v at_o york_n also_o this_o year_n as_o the_o welsh_a chronicle_n acquaint_v we_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o flbodius_n that_o learned_a and_o pious_a bishop_n of_o north_n wales_n it_o be_v decree_v in_o a_o general_n synod_n of_o the_o british_a nation_n that_o easter_n shall_v be_v keep_v after_o the_o custom_n of_o rome_n so_o that_o all_o difference_n between_o that_o church_n and_o the_o british_a now_o cease_v '_o charles_n king_n of_o the_o frank_n begin_v his_o reign_n for_o pepin_n dcclxix_o his_o father_n die_v this_o year_n as_o r._n hoveden_n inform_v we_o also_o the_o fair_a city_n of_o cataract_n in_o yorkshire_n be_v burn_v by_o bâ—ornred_n the_o mercian_n tyrant_n and_o he_o also_o perish_v by_o fire_n the_o same_o year_n dcclxxi_o this_o year_n according_a to_o simeon_n of_o durham_n and_o r._n hoveden_n offa_n king_n of_o the_o mercian_n subdue_v the_o nation_n of_o the_o hesting_n by_o force_n of_o arm_n but_o who_o these_o people_n be_v or_o where_o they_o inhabit_v no_o author_n inform_v we_o mr._n lambert_n in_o his_o glossary_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o decem_fw-la scriptores_fw-la will_v have_v they_o to_o be_v dane_n but_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n for_o it_o here_o since_o the_o dane_n be_v not_o then_o settle_v in_o england_n dcclxxii_o '_o this_o year_n die_v milred_n the_o bishop_n florence_n say_v he_o be_v bishop_n of_o the_o wiccii_n that_o be_v of_o the_o diocese_n of_o worcester_n and_o be_v in_o great_a reputation_n for_o his_o sanctity_n dcclxxiii_o this_o year_n albert_n archbishop_n of_o york_n receive_v his_o pall_n from_o pope_n adrian_n as_o simeon_n inform_v we_o