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report_v out_o of_o some_o book_n in_o his_o time_n find_v in_o religious_a house_n that_o this_o merewaldus_n who_o he_o call_v king_n of_o the_o march_n build_v a_o monastery_n for_o nun_n at_o lempster_n which_o in_o the_o britsh_fw-mi be_v call_v lian-llieni_a lleian_n signify_v virgo_fw-la vestalis_fw-la sanctimontalis_n in_o english_a the_o church_n of_o nun_n and_o endow_v it_o with_o all_o the_o land_n thereabouts_o save_v only_o the_o lordship_n now_o caulid_a kingesland_n after_o these_o succession_n in_o this_o small_a kingdom_n i_o find_v one_o ethelmund_n be_v also_o king_n of_o the_o west_n anheconi_fw-fr who_o be_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o northwest_n part_n of_o herefordshire_n certain_a to_o be_v so_o not_o only_o by_o the_o place_n mention_v in_o that_o tract_n of_o land_n but_o for_o that_o i_o find_v one_o wlfhard_n who_o by_o bishop_n godwin_n be_v doubtless_o mistake_v to_o be_v put_v as_o successor_n to_o utellus_fw-la but_o shall_v have_v his_o place_n betwixt_o podda_n and_o ecca_n bishop_n of_o hereford_n in_o his_o sign_v to_o the_o charter_n grant_v to_o the_o abbey_n of_o winchelcomb_n anno_fw-la dom._n 811._o write_v himself_o thus_o 127._o monast_n angl._n pag._n 127._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d ego_fw-la wulfhardus_fw-la hecanae_n quae_fw-la nunc_fw-la herefordiensis_fw-la dicitur_fw-la episcopus_fw-la consensi_fw-la &_o subscripsi_fw-la and_o math._n of_o westminster_n write_v that_o he_o be_v bishop_n of_o hereford_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 765._o at_o that_o time_n when_o offa_n king_n of_o mercia_n procure_v of_o pope_n adrian_n a_o archbishop_n seat_n at_o lichfield_n many_o other_o reguli_fw-la be_v in_o these_o merche_n for_o they_o do_v consist_v of_o several_a frontier_n jurisdiction_n i_o have_v find_v some_o very_a ancient_a as_o of_o pibanus_n king_n of_o ergin_n now_o urchinfeld_n the_o grandfather_n of_o st._n dubritius_fw-la the_o archhishop_n of_o caerleon_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n arthur_n of_o one_o gorvodius_n king_n of_o the_o same_o place_n after_o he_o but_o i_o can_v let_v pass_n that_o which_o i_o find_v in_o a_o record_n transcribe_v into_o a_o register_n book_n of_o one_o of_o the_o bishop_n of_o hereford_n certify_v as_o i_o guess_v from_o innocent_a the_o three_o concern_v a_o donation_n to_o the_o church_n of_o hereford_n wherein_o the_o donor_n be_v term_v regulus_n his_o name_n at_o present_a i_o do_v not_o remember_v but_o reforr_n it_o to_o another_o place_n he_o be_v say_v to_o fortify_v his_o gift_n to_o the_o church_n in_o it_o to_o be_v in_o plena_fw-la regius_fw-la potestate_fw-la milfrith_n the_o principal_a benefactor_n if_o not_o founder_n of_o the_o minster_n at_o hereford_n be_v denominate_v sometime_o regulus_n sometime_o rex_fw-la four_o reguli_fw-la in_o kent_n at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o time_n witness_v to_o a_o charter_n of_o one_o of_o the_o king_n thereof_o in_o the_o time_n of_o julius_n caesar_n brit._n cambd._n in_o brit._n quatuor_fw-la erant_fw-la reguli_fw-la qui_fw-la cantio_fw-la praeerant_fw-la cingetorix_n carvilius_n taximagulus_n &_o segoâ—ax_n upon_o
and_o thule_n call_v britain_n fol._n 145_o italian_a partition_n fol._n 12_o 13_o jurye_n fol._n 61_o 62_o 63_o jurye_n among_o the_o welsh_a fol._n 64_o jus_fw-la angliae_fw-la both_o in_o socage_n and_o knights-fee_n fol._n 139_o k._n kentish-british_a law_n not_o alter_v by_o hengist_n fol._n 46_o kent_n invest_v in_o hengist_n examine_v fol._n 37_o kent_n change_v her_o gavelkind_n fol._n 81_o kenneth_n king_n of_o scot_n expel_v the_o pict_n fol._n 163_o kent_n have_v four_o king_n at_o one_o time_n fol._n 45_o kingsland_n fol._n 44_o king_n ethelmund_n ibid._n king_n pibanus_n of_o ergin_n fol._n 44._o 91_o king_n gorvodius_n milfrith_n etc._n etc._n fol._n 45_o kings-bench_n fol._n 69_o kindred_n what_o it_o be_v fol._n 130_o 131_o knave_n whence_o and_o what_o fol._n 176_o gods-cnave_a ibid._n knight-service_n in_o wales_n fol._n 103._o 107_o knights-fee_n descend_v to_o the_o elder_a fol._n 138_o kind_a fol._n 27._o 130_o 131._o 133_o l._n landscheutan_a german_a tenure_n fol._n 135_o 136_o 137._o land-shifting_a landskistan_n fol._n 136_o the_o saxon_a denomination_n of_o partition_n fol._n 143_o the_o proper_a kentish_a appellation_n fol._n 144_o 145_o land_n ancient_o not_o valuable_a fol._n 6._o 28_o language_n of_o scotland_n fol._n 76_o saxon_n english_a and_z french_z fol._n 75_o 76_o english_a not_o change_v by_o the_o norman_a conquest_n fol._n 75_o welsh_n the_o remain_v of_o the_o gallic_a and_o british_a fol._n 17_o law_n of_o king_n edward_n confirm_v by_o the_o norman_n fol._n 58_o 59_o lawes-common_a not_o write_v fol._n 69_o lawcase_n ibid._n law_n of_o england_n overthrow_v norman_n intruder_n fol._n 65_o learning_n of_o the_o druid_n fol._n 17_o legales_fw-la homines_fw-la or_o yeoman_n mark_fw-mi fol._n 63_o lieutenant_n of_o the_o saxon_a shore_n in_o britain_n fol._n 39_o lempster_n from_o a_o church_n of_o nun_n fol._n 44_o lewes_n in_o sussex_n fol._n 71_o lesley_n bishop_n of_o ross_n in_o scotland_n a_o historian_n fol._n 163_o lewis_n island_n in_o scotland_n hold_v gavelkind_a fol._n 160_o liberty_n of_o englishman_n fol._n 81_o liberi_fw-la sokemanni_n what_o fol._n 148_o llâ—â—_n what_o fol._n 90_o llanfrawtwt_v a_o college_n ancient_o found_v fol._n 90_o llangattock_n gafael_n meâ—bon_n ibid._n litthfield_n chronicle_n fol._n 58_o loager_n loegria_n fol._n 86_o lonaâ—â—_n fol._n 87_o london_n a_o memorial_n of_o troy_n fol._n 83_o london_n its_o law_n very_o ancient_a fol._n 55_o lower_v germany_n use_v partition_n fol._n 11_o m._n mail_v fol._n 120._o 133_o manor_n or_o circuit_n in_o wales_n ancient_o fol._n 96_o marquess_n lord_n marcher_n fol._n 42_o mayor_n whence_o derive_v fol._n 49_o menavians_n understand_v welsh_a and_o irish_a fol._n 146_o merewoldus_n a_o king_n fol._n 43_o merimnus_n a_o king_n fol._n 44_o mercelin_n a_o king_n ibid._n merchenlaege_n what_o fol._n 54_o 57_o mate-gavel_a fol._n 118_o mickel-gemote_a fol._n 65_o military_a fee_n fol._n 149_o morgan_n fol._n 132_o 133_o monmouthshire_n conquer_a fol._n 93_o mortimer_n radulf_n fol._n 78_o mulct_n different_a in_o rate_n in_o england_n fol._n 59_o mulmuâ—us_n dunwallo_n british_a legisâ—tor_n fol._n 154_o his_o law_n translate_v into_o saxon_a fol._n 54._o 154_o n._n neife_n what_o ancient_o fol._n 169_o norman_n of_o their_o conquest_n fol._n 56_o 57_o of_o their_o alteration_n ibid._n they_o alter_v not_o the_o english_a law_n fol._n 57_o of_o their_o law_n in_o normandy_n or_o neustria_n ibid._n employ_v in_o england_n before_o william_n the_o first_o fol._n 78_o their_o enter_a into_o wales_n fol._n 93_o their_o original_a from_o norway_n fol._n 58_o o._n oath_n of_o allegiance_n fol._n 55._o 61_o oat_n or_o oale-gavel_a fol._n 113_o doin_n what_o fol._n 174_o ollavintone_n in_o berkshire_n fol._n 73_o offa_n ditch_n a_o limit_n fol._n 43_o opinion_n receive_v hardly_o remove_v fol._n 1_o ostorius_n publius_n fol._n 34_o p._n paganus_fw-la pagan_a what_o fol._n 168._o 175_o 176_o palatinate_n cheshire_n and_o glamorganshire_n fol._n 94_o pandeborn_n in_o berkshire_n fol._n 68_o parliament_n fol._n 65_o parcener_n per_fw-la le_fw-fr custom_n fol._n 147_o 148_o partition_n use_v in_o first_o plantation_n fol._n 6_o use_v by_o the_o israelite_n fol._n 8_o antiquity_n of_o it_o by_o sacred_a and_o profane_a authority_n fol._n 9_o 10_o make_a use_n of_o by_o brute_n to_o his_o son_n fol._n 15_o 16_o the_o custom_n of_o wales_n fol._n 28._o 103._o 156_o among_o male_n and_o female_n fol._n 100_o 101_o use_v by_o the_o saxon_n fol._n 141_o 142_o 143_o use_v by_o the_o english_a norman_n fol._n 144_o not_o in_o the_o term_n gavelkind_n fol._n 147_o 148_o whether_o ratione_fw-la rei_fw-la aut_fw-la ratione_fw-la terrae_fw-la fol._n 149_o continue_v in_o wales_n by_o statute_n fol._n 153_o the_o manner_n of_o it_o among_o the_o welsh_a fol._n 156_o pencennedl_n or_o chief_n among_o the_o britain_n fol._n 23._o 97._o 132_o jew_n fol._n 23_o scot_n fol._n 24_o irish_a fol._n 97_o pelagian_a heresy_n set_v against_o fol._n 90_o penda_fw-la pibanus_n king_n of_o urchenfield_n fol._n 44._o 91_o piben_fw-ge wat_fw-mi fol._n 174_o pict_n they_o injure_v and_o repulse_v the_o britain_n fol._n 36_o the_o pict_n wall_n ibid._n planter_n at_o first_o the_o condition_n of_o they_o fol._n 5_o placita_fw-la what_o and_o plead_n ancient_o fol._n 68_o 69_o plead_n in_o french_a fol._n 69_o pluntune_v fol._n 116_o powisland_n divide_v subdivide_v and_o parcele_v fol._n 25_o 26_o polydore_v virgil_n examine_v fol._n 83_o privilege_n of_o urchenfield_n fol._n 108._o 156_o primogeniture_n prefer_v fol._n 82._o 138_o price_n sir_n john_n his_o defence_n hist_o brit._n fol._n 84_o pride-gavel_a what_o fol._n 112_o 113_o primogeniture_n in_o scotland_n wâ—y_n fol._n 166_o r._n read-gavel_a fol._n 119_o reguli_fw-la or_o petty_a king_n fol._n 15_o 45_o regulus_n and_o rex_fw-la fol._n 42_o referree_n of_o howel-dha_a what_o they_o do_v fol._n 155_o relief_n fol._n 108_o rent_n reserve_v fol._n 7_o rent_n how_o to_o be_v understand_v fol._n 115_o 116_o rent_n several_a sort_n fol._n 117_o rend_v land_n what_o ancient_o call_v fol._n 119_o rhandir_n what_o fol._n 96_o rodeley_n in_o gloucestershire_n fol._n 112_o roderic_n the_o great_a fol._n 24_o rogerus_fw-la deus_fw-la salvet_fw-la dominas_fw-la fol._n 177_o rochborn_n in_o hampshire_n fol._n 66_o roturier_n of_o france_n fol._n 11_o 95_o rowena_n hengist_n daughter_n fol._n 39_o 41_o roman_a empire_n part_v fol._n 87_o 88_o roman_n alter_v not_o the_o british_a law_n or_o custom_n fol._n 29_o greedy_a of_o conquest_n fol._n 30_o their_o proceed_n in_o the_o conquest_n of_o judaea_n fol._n 30_o of_o greece_n ibid._n of_o britain_n fol._n 30_o 31_o they_o use_v word_n of_o the_o british_a language_n fol._n 31_o set_v up_o a_o false_a will_n for_o the_o emperor_n fol._n 32_o the_o effect_n of_o it_o fol._n 32_o 33_o they_o desert_n britain_n fol._n 35_o s._n saisson_n and_o saisnaeg_n how_o to_o be_v understand_v fol._n 86_o saxon_n they_o co-inhabit_a with_o the_o britain_n fol._n 37_o they_o defend_v the_o pict_n wall_n fol._n 38_o whether_o they_o extirpate_v the_o britain_n or_o no_v ibid._n they_o break_v their_o article_n with_o the_o britain_n fol._n 38_o their_o piracy_n fol._n 41_o they_o fail_v in_o their_o trust_n fol._n 42_o they_o expel_v not_o the_o britain_n fol._n 47_o they_o borrow_v many_o british_a word_n fol._n 48_o 49_o they_o use_v british_a law_n and_o custom_n fol._n 49_o they_o intermix_v their_o saxon_n with_o british_a fol._n 50_o their_o law_n provide_v for_o the_o british_a inhabitant_n fol._n 50_o 51_o 52_o they_o use_v partition_n of_o land_n fol._n 141_o their_o nobility_n who_o and_o what_o fol._n 70_o concern_v their_o character_n fol._n 76_o they_o write_v latin_a ancient_o in_o roman_a letter_n fol._n 76_o they_o change_v their_o form_n of_o fight_a fol._n 77_o sand-gavel_a what_o fol._n 113_o seal_v and_o sign_v of_o charter_n fol._n 72_o 73_o serjeanty_n grand_a and_o petit_n fol._n 171_o servi_n what_o ancient_o fol._n 169._o 172_o servitude_n not_o in_o england_n fol._n 81_o scotish_n language_n fol._n 76_o scot_n and_o lot_n what_o fol._n 78_o scotland_n fol._n 87_o scotish-socage-land_n fol._n 159_o 160_o scotish_n with_o their_o language_n have_v the_o saxon_a custom_n fol._n 161_o scotish_n tongue_n before_o william_n the_o conqueror_n ibid._n scot_n receive_v the_o english_a temp_n willielmi_n primi_fw-la fol._n 162_o scotish_n tongue_n when_o first_o receive_v fol._n 162_o 163_o scotish_n bound_n in_o scotland_n fol._n 165_o sherborn_n against_o warren_n fol._n 65_o shire_n not_o ancient_o in_o wales_n fol._n 94_o soc_n and_o sac_n what_o fol._n 177_o 178_o 179_o socage_n land_n change_v fol._n 139_o socage_n land_n ancient_o partible_a fol._n 89_o 139_o spersold_v in_o berkshire_n fol._n 73_o surname_n when_o first_o use_v fol._n 176_o 177_o suit_n and_o doom_n in_o urchenfield_n fol._n 111_o swyddog_n a_o magistrate_n in_o welsh_a fol._n 93_o 173_o swine-gavel_a what_o fol._n 115_o
finibus_fw-la controversia_fw-la est_fw-la can_v controversy_n of_o inheritance_n or_o hereditary_a succession_n arise_v where_o one_o of_o the_o son_n by_o law_n and_o custom_n inherit_v can_v there_o be_v any_o considerable_a question_n of_o bound_n where_o one_o son_n take_v possession_n of_o all_o whereof_o his_o father_n die_v seize_v exclude_v his_o other_o brethren_n in_o this_o small_a summary_n of_o judgement_n under_o the_o cognizance_n of_o the_o druid_n caesar_n place_v these_o as_o the_o most_o remarkable_a custom_n and_o eminent_a arricles_n the_o controversy_n of_o hereditary_a succession_n be_v not_o considerable_a where_o the_o land_n descend_v to_o one_o son_n for_o if_o it_o be_v according_a to_o custom_n that_o it_o shall_v so_o descend_v i_o know_v not_o with_o who_o the_o controversy_n shall_v be_v it_o can_v be_v with_o any_o of_o his_o brethren_n for_o they_o have_v no_o right_n except_o it_o be_v by_o our_o gavel_n nor_o with_o his_o sister_n for_o in_o case_n the_o father_n in_o his_o life-time_n have_v not_o provide_v for_o they_o they_o be_v leave_v to_o his_o mercy_n so_o that_o the_o controversy_n if_o any_o there_o be_v where_o the_o land_n descend_v to_o the_o one_o exclude_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o son_n must_v be_v with_o himself_o the_o controversy_n of_o single_a haeredation_n though_o in_o collateral_a line_n can_v not_o induce_v such_o a_o remark_n and_o notice_n from_o caesar_n because_o such_o question_n fall_v out_o but_o rare_o even_o in_o this_o well_o people_a age_n neither_o do_v the_o trial_n upon_o a_o majus_n jus_o in_o one_o day_n common_o occur_v but_o put_v the_o controversy_n together_o as_o caesar_n have_v join_v they_o that_o be_v submit_v to_o the_o judgement_n and_o sentence_n of_o these_o druid_n which_o i_o be_o persuade_v be_v of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o nature_n for_o bound_n betwixt_o neighbour_n and_o neighbour_n may_v be_v in_o question_n but_o this_o i_o say_v must_v not_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v whole_o disjunctive_a from_o the_o rest_n for_o thus_o it_o be_v express_v si_fw-mi de_fw-fr haereditate_fw-la de_fw-la finibus_fw-la controversia_fw-la est_fw-la it_o be_v not_o with_o the_o connexion_n of_o aut_fw-la or_o and_o of_o but_o lie_v plain_o in_o conjunction_n and_o bound_n have_v some_o probable_a reference_n to_o the_o inheritance_n which_o be_v to_o be_v part_v by_o our_o gavel_n among_o the_o brethren_n will_v require_v much_o use_n of_o the_o wisdom_n and_o moderation_n of_o the_o druid_n and_o also_o of_o their_o authority_n to_o set_v out_o to_o every_o brother_n or_o participant_n his_o portion_n or_o part_n without_o give_v cause_n of_o distaste_v to_o any_o for_o we_o see_v where_o this_o tenure_n at_o this_o day_n be_v in_o force_n that_o in_o case_n the_o proprietor_n of_o such_o partible_a land_n leave_v only_o but_o one_o son_n after_o he_o there_o can_v be_v no_o quarrel_n but_o that_o that_o only_a son_n enter_v upon_o and_o possess_v the_o land_n without_o competition_n or_o corrivallship_n thus_o in_o relation_n to_o the_o druid_n the_o judge_n in_o those_o age_n i_o have_v give_v a_o short_a account_n a_o little_a after_o caesar_n time_n they_o cease_v in_o gaul_n for_o 1._o for_o pliny_n lib._n 30._o c._n 1._o pliny_n say_v that_o tiberii_n caesaris_fw-la principatus_fw-la sustulit_fw-la druidas_n eorum_fw-la yet_o in_o britain_n they_o be_v in_o request_n long_o after_o even_o then_o when_o the_o roman_n have_v almost_o make_v perfect_a their_o conquest_n by_o the_o achieve_v of_o that_o memorable_a battle_n in_o the_o island_n of_o mona_n at_o present_a denominate_v anglesey_n we_o now_o proceed_v in_o our_o discourse_n to_o the_o bardi_n who_o think_v themselves_o to_o be_v the_o loca_fw-la tenentes_fw-la druidum_fw-la these_o be_v the_o british_a herald_n and_o register_n as_o galliis_fw-la as_o de_fw-fr galliis_fw-la ammian_n marcellinus_n record_v they_o who_o with_o the_o druid_n and_o the_o eubage_n he_o thus_o make_v famous_a per_fw-la haec_fw-la say_v he_o locis_fw-la hominibusque_fw-la paulatim_fw-la excultis_fw-la viguere_fw-la studia_fw-la laudabilium_fw-la doctrinarum_fw-la inchoata_fw-la per_fw-la bardos_n &_o eubage_n &_o druidas_n &_o bardi_n quidem_fw-la fortia_fw-la virorum_fw-la illustrium_fw-la facta_fw-la heroicis_fw-la composita_fw-la versibus_fw-la cum_fw-la dulcibus_fw-la lyrae_fw-la modulis_fw-la cantitarunt_fw-la eubages_fw-la vero_fw-la scrutantes_fw-la summa_fw-la &_o sublimia_fw-la naturae_fw-la pandere_fw-la conabantur_fw-la inter_fw-la hos_fw-la druid_n ingeniis_fw-la celsores_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o of_o these_o bard_n it_o be_v that_o lucan_n in_o a_o few_o verse_n have_v leave_v so_o worthy_a and_o ancient_a a_o memorial_n which_o i_o will_v not_o scruple_n to_o transcribe_v vos_fw-fr quoque_fw-la qui_fw-la fortes_fw-la animas_fw-la belloque_fw-la peremptas_fw-la laudibus_fw-la in_o longum_fw-la vates_fw-la dimittitis_fw-la aevum_fw-la plurima_fw-la securi_fw-la fudistis_fw-la carmina_fw-la bardi_n of_o who_o mr._n camden_n also_o add_v qui_fw-la praeterquam_fw-la quo_fw-la eo_fw-la munere_fw-la funguntur_fw-la etiam_fw-la praetexendis_fw-la genealogiis_fw-la operam_fw-la imprimis_fw-la studiose_fw-la navant_fw-la the_o carefulness_n of_o these_o bard_n from_o age_n to_o age_n have_v be_v so_o great_a that_o there_o be_v none_o who_o look_v into_o such_o british_a historical_a concernment_n but_o easy_o observe_v it_o and_o also_o see_v by_o that_o learning_n and_o knowledge_n that_o be_v extant_a in_o their_o write_n how_o fit_a they_o be_v to_o take_v care_n and_o cognizance_n of_o such_o matter_n as_o concern_v their_o office_n in_o relation_n to_o descent_n upon_o the_o tenure_n of_o partition_n and_o although_o it_o may_v take_v up_o too_o much_o paper_n for_o this_o small_a volume_n well_o to_o spare_v yet_o will_v it_o be_v much_o to_o our_o purpose_n to_o understand_v their_o manner_n of_o record_v their_o line_n and_o genealogy_n so_o 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a_o beam_n in_o the_o building_n either_o of_o which_o will_v serve_v our_o present_a purpose_n for_o tylwyth_n be_v a_o tribe_n or_o family_n branch_a or_o issue_v forth_o of_o another_o by_o that_o which_o we_o in_o our_o english_a heraldry_n call_v second_o or_o three_o house_n so_o that_o in_o case_n the_o great_a paternal_a stock_n spread_v or_o branch_a itself_o into_o several_a tylwyth_n or_o house_n these_o bard_n preserve_v the_o memorial_n thereof_o and_o observe_v this_o method_n in_o their_o ordinary_a memorial_n of_o family_n they_o carry_v not_o second_v or_o young_a house_n further_a than_o his_o tylwyth_n herein_o they_o respect_v primogeniture_n and_o there_o cease_v take_v it_o for_o grant_v that_o the_o great_a paternal_a stock_n be_v or_o shall_v be_v so_o well_o know_v that_o there_o shall_v be_v no_o need_n at_o all_o to_o mention_v it_o refer_v all_o the_o cadet_n of_o a_o family_n and_o sometime_o also_o the_o elder_a family_n itself_o to_o their_o tylwyth_n 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kingdom_n of_o kent_n concern_v ethelbert_n the_o four_o king_n after_o hengist_n of_o who_o he_o use_v these_o word_n this_o noble_a king_n have_v a_o care_n for_o they_o that_o shall_v come_v after_o bring_v the_o law_n of_o his_o country_n into_o their_o own_o mother_n tongue_n observe_v here_o that_o by_o this_o time_n from_o the_o saxon_n first_o arrival_n it_o be_v probable_a the_o kentish_a speak_v the_o saxon_a tongue_n their_o language_n before_o be_v british_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o island_n the_o country_n of_o king_n ethelbert_n be_v kont_a and_o his_o mother_n tongue_n be_v saxon_a now_o ethelbert_n find_v the_o law_n of_o his_o country_n british_a the_o saxon_a tongue_n general_o speak_v bring_v those_o law_n out_o of_o british_a into_o saxon_n and_o this_o be_v the_o naked_a meaning_n of_o it_o i_o find_v judicialis_fw-la find_v bedas_n eccl._n hist_n l._n 2._o cap._n 5._o ait_fw-la ethelbertum_n cantiae_fw-la regem_fw-la scripsisse_fw-la idiomate_fw-la 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praestato_fw-la molmutii_fw-la praestato_fw-la leges_fw-la molmutii_fw-la duawalloâ—is_fw-la gildas_n cambrius_n in_o latinum_fw-la sermonem_fw-la transtulit_fw-la &_o alphredus_fw-la magnus_fw-la in_o saxonicum_fw-la balaeus_n in_o vita_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la molmutii_fw-la which_o book_n i_o suppose_v contain_v their_o ancient_a law_n translate_v out_o of_o the_o british_a though_o perhaps_o since_o the_o receive_n of_o christianity_n intermingle_v with_o much_o of_o the_o mosaical-judicial-law_n introduce_v both_o by_o the_o britain_n and_o the_o zealous-primitive-christian-saxon_a king_n to_o which_o law_n and_o perhaps_o may_v be_v the_o effect_n thereof_o eleutherius_fw-la the_o pope_n or_o bishop_n of_o rome_n counsel_v and_o refer_v lucius_n the_o brytain_n long_a time_n afore_o this_o age_n we_o be_v now_o write_v of_o i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a that_o they_o have_v diversity_n of_o law_n as_o they_o be_v improper_o call_v viz._n merchenlaege_n westsaxonlaege_n and_o danelaege_n which_o not_o at_o all_o relate_v to_o a_o different_a law_n kind_a custom_n or_o usage_n but_o to_o several_a sort_n of_o amerciament_n mulct_n and_o fine_n for_o the_o transgression_n of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o law_n i_o say_v this_o be_v general_o so_o and_o so_o be_v it_o to_o be_v understand_v in_o the_o second_o of_o king_n alured_n law_n in_o the_o case_n of_o such_o as_o violate_v sanctuary_n and_o be_v this_o mulcta_fw-la vel_fw-la ipsa_fw-la capitis_fw-la aestimatione_fw-la prout_fw-la ejus_fw-la gentis_fw-la feret_fw-la consuetudo_fw-la etc._n etc._n this_o difference_n of_o fines_n and_o pecuniary_a imposition_n i_o find_v frequent_o but_o very_o little_o beside_o which_o be_v also_o all_o the_o impression_n that_o i_o can_v perceive_v the_o rude_a dane_n make_v upon_o the_o english_a in_o relation_n to_o their_o law_n for_o during_o their_o time_n edward_n the_o confessor_n look_v not_o at_o all_o upon_o the_o law_n as_o alter_v but_o say_v they_o be_v asleep_a for_o above_o threescore_o year_n as_o in_o a_o discourse_n concern_v they_o he_o have_v it_o and_o magnify_v they_o so_o high_o that_o in_o his_o restoration_n of_o they_o he_o will_v have_v they_o think_v to_o be_v very_o ancient_a though_o he_o report_v they_o make_v by_o his_o frand-father_n confessoris_fw-la frand-father_n omnes_fw-la proceres_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o milites_fw-la &_o liberi_fw-la hominâ—s_fw-la uniuâ—â—st_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la britanniae_fw-la facere_fw-la debent_fw-la in_fw-la pleno_fw-la folcmote_a fidelitatem_fw-la domino_fw-la regi_fw-la coram_fw-la episcopis_fw-la regm_n hanc_fw-la legem_fw-la invenit_fw-la arthuruâ—_n qui_fw-fr quoadam_n suis_fw-la inclytissimus_fw-la rex_fw-la brytonum_fw-la &_o ita_fw-la consolidavit_fw-la &_o confoederavit_fw-la regnuâ—n_fw-la britanniae_fw-la universum_fw-la semper_fw-la in_o unum_fw-la huius_fw-la legis_fw-la authoritate_fw-la expulit_fw-la arthurus_n praedictus_fw-la saracenos_n &_o inimicos_fw-la a_o regno_fw-la lex_fw-la enimista_fw-la diu_fw-la sopita_fw-la fuit_fw-la &_o sepulta_fw-la donec_fw-la edgdrus_n rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la illam_fw-la excilavit_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o leg_n 35._o edovardi_fw-la confessoris_fw-la edgar_n by_o which_o he_o labour_v to_o put_v a_o repute_n upon_o they_o for_o edgar_n be_v a_o wife_n and_o prudent_a prince_n and_o do_v urgent_o press_v the_o execution_n of_o they_o so_o that_o king_n edward_n ascribe_v they_o unto_o he_o as_o these_o very_a law_n after_o the_o norman_a conquest_n be_v call_v the_o law_n of_o holy_a king_n edward_n and_o be_v the_o same_o that_o the_o saxon_a king_n before_o edgar_n do_v use_v notwithstanding_o all_o which_o when_o he_o come_v to_o the_o corroboration_n of_o the_o privilege_n and_o immunity_n of_o the_o ancient_a city_n of_o london_n as_o to_o their_o husâ—â—ings_n and_o other_o court_n he_o declare_v the_o antiquity_n of_o they_o to_o be_v far_o great_a than_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n edgar_n and_o i_o believe_v be_v 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enjoy_v her_o privilege_n and_o immunity_n not_o at_o all_o infringe_v from_o so_o great_a antiquity_n notwithstanding_o the_o several_a revolution_n under_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o roman_n saxon_n and_o dane_n other_o place_n of_o the_o same_o island_n may_v also_o probable_o enjoy_v the_o same_o favour_n and_o hold_v their_o custom_n law_n and_o tenor_n from_o as_o great_a antiquity_n but_o i_o have_v do_v with_o this_o revolution_n let_v we_o now_o inquire_v what_o probability_n we_o have_v to_o believe_v that_o chap._n iu._n william_n the_o conqueror_n alter_v not_o but_o confirm_v the_o saxon_a law_n the_o antiquity_n and_o different_a use_n of_o juries_n english_a claim_n and_o recover_v their_o land_n by_o law_n against_o the_o norman_n of_o our_o common_a law_n our_o custom_n forfeiture_n seal_v coverfeu_n exchequer_n fashion_n language_n write_v manner_n of_o fights_z fortification_n and_o building_n have_v pass_v through_o these_o mist_n and_o cloud_n of_o elder_a time_n let_v we_o now_o come_v to_o see_v what_o loss_n or_o alteration_n in_o relation_n to_o our_o law_n and_o custom_n we_o receive_v by_o the_o haereditatis_fw-la the_o the_o denomination_n here_o of_o william_n the_o first_o by_o conquestor_n or_o conqueror_n and_o this_o the_o norman_a conquest_n have_v stumble_v many_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o if_o it_o carry_v with_o it_o the_o enslave_v of_o the_o eaglish_a by_o his_o victorious_a success_n over_o harald_n and_o so_o be_v loath_a to_o afford_v it_o any_o courteous_a reception_n
quia_fw-la durum_fw-la valde_fw-la foret_fw-la sibi_fw-la suscipere_fw-la leges_fw-la ignotas_fw-la &_o judicari_fw-la de_fw-la eye_n quas_fw-la nesciâ—bant_fw-la rege_fw-la vero_fw-la ad_fw-la flectendum_fw-la ingrato_fw-la existente_fw-la tandem_fw-la eum_fw-la prosecuti_fw-la sunt_fw-la deprecantes_fw-la quatenus_fw-la per_fw-la animam_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la qui_fw-la sibi_fw-la post_fw-la diem_fw-la suum_fw-la concesserat_fw-la coronam_fw-la &_o regnum_fw-la &_o cujus_fw-la erant_fw-la leges_fw-la nec_fw-la aliorum_fw-la extraneorum_fw-la exaudiendo_fw-la concederet_fw-la eye_n sub_fw-la legibus_fw-la perseverare_fw-la paternis_fw-la unde_fw-la consilio_fw-la habito_fw-la precatu_fw-la baronum_fw-la tandem_fw-la acquievit_fw-la thomas_n vero_fw-la archiepiscopus_fw-la cantuariensis_n &_o mauritius_n episcopus_fw-la scripserunt_fw-la propriis_fw-la manibus_fw-la omne_fw-la ista_fw-la praedicta_fw-la per_fw-la praeceptum_fw-la praedicti_fw-la regis_fw-la wilhelmi_n exit_fw-la illo_fw-la igitur_fw-la die_fw-la multa_fw-la autoritate_fw-la veneratae_fw-la &_o per_fw-la universum_fw-la regnum_fw-la corroboratae_fw-la &_o observatae_fw-la sunt_fw-la prae_fw-la caeteris_fw-la patriae_fw-la legibus_fw-la leges_fw-la edwardi_fw-la regis_fw-la sancti_fw-la etc._n etc._n though_o the_o king_n at_o this_o time_n be_v so_o unwilling_o move_v to_o the_o request_n of_o the_o english_a yet_o we_o find_v that_o afterward_o he_o labour_v all_o he_o can_v to_o ingratiate_v himself_o with_o they_o as_o stand_v in_o fear_n of_o they_o for_o in_o the_o three_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n edgar_n out_o of_o scotland_n and_o the_o earl_n edwin_n and_o morchar_n with_o assistance_n from_o denmark_n gather_v into_o a_o body_n in_o the_o north_n and_o be_v there_o defeat_v whereupon_o say_v mr._n daniel_n the_o most_o of_o these_o lord_n present_o after_o come_v in_o upon_o public_a faith_n give_v they_o and_o be_v conduct_v to_o berkhamsted_n by_o the_o abbot_n frederick_n who_o upon_o their_o submission_n and_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n retake_a have_v their_o pardon_n and_o restitution_n to_o grace_n grant_v by_o the_o king_n believe_v it_o his_o own_o concern_v so_o much_o to_o quiet_v they_o that_o he_o again_o take_v his_o personal_a oath_n before_o the_o archbishop_n lanfranc_n and_o the_o lord_n to_o observe_v the_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o realm_n establish_v by_o his_o noble_a predecessor_n the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o especial_o those_o of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n thus_o we_o plain_o see_v the_o law_n that_o be_v continue_v and_o confirm_v be_v the_o old_a saxon_a law_n as_o we_o have_v it_o in_o this_o decree_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n 1._o exit_fw-la legib_fw-la guil._n 1._o hoc_fw-la quoque_fw-la praecipio_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la habeant_fw-la &_o teneant_fw-la legem_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la in_o omnibus_fw-la rebus_fw-la adauctis_fw-la his_fw-la quae_fw-la constituimus_fw-la ad_fw-la utilitatem_fw-la anglorum_fw-la and_o his_o son_n henry_n the_o first_o take_v the_o very_a same_o course_n for_o among_o his_o decree_n it_o be_v that_o murdra_fw-mi etiam_fw-la retro_fw-la ab_fw-la illo_fw-la die_fw-la quo_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la coronatus_fw-la fui_fw-la omne_fw-la condono_fw-it &_o ea_fw-la quae_fw-la à _fw-la modo_fw-la facta_fw-la fuerint_fw-la justè_fw-la emendentur_fw-la secundùm_fw-la lagam_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la and_o present_o after_o he_o say_v lagam_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la vobis_fw-la reddo_fw-la cum_fw-la illis_fw-la emendationibus_fw-la quibus_fw-la eam_fw-la pater_fw-la meus_fw-la emendavit_fw-la consilio_fw-la baronum_fw-la suorum_fw-la but_o let_v we_o descend_v to_o particular_n and_o view_v from_o whence_o we_o have_v our_o jurye_n the_o great_a pillar_n of_o our_o law_n and_o the_o bulwark_n of_o our_o freedom_n certain_o upon_o a_o great_a mistake_n say_v to_o be_v bring_v in_o by_o the_o norman_a conqueror_n concern_v which_o mr._n campden_n write_v against_o polydore_n virgil_n who_o it_o seem_v be_v of_o that_o opinion_n also_o have_v it_o thus_o nihil_fw-la à _fw-la vero_fw-la altenius_fw-la multis_fw-la enim_fw-la ante_fw-la annis_fw-la in_o usu_fw-la faisse_fw-fr certissimum_fw-la est_fw-la of_o so_o general_a a_o concernment_n also_o be_v this_o way_n of_o judgement_n judicium_fw-la cook_n l._n 2._o c._n 12._o sect._n 234._o e._n for_o the_o institution_n and_o right_a use_n of_o this_o trial_n by_o 12._o man_n and_o wherefore_o other_o country_n have_v they_o not_o and_o this_o trial_n excel_v other_o see_v fortescue_n at_o large_a cap._n 25_o &_o 29._o &_o glanvil_n lib._n 7._o cap._n 14_o 15._o bracton_n lib._n 3._o fol._n 116._o a._n and_o in_o antiont_a time_n they_o be_v 12._o knight_n this_o trial_n of_o the_o fact_n per_fw-la duodecim_fw-la liberos_fw-la &_o legales_fw-la homines_fw-la be_v very_o ancient_a for_o hear_v what_o the_o law_n be_v before_o the_o conquest_n lamb._n verbo_fw-la centuria_fw-la in_o singulis_fw-la centuriis_fw-la comitia_fw-la sunto_fw-la atque_fw-la liberae_fw-la conditionis_fw-la viri_fw-la duodeni_fw-la aetaâ—e_fw-la superiores_fw-la una_fw-la cum_fw-la praeposito_fw-la sacra_fw-la tenentes_fw-la juranto_n etc._n etc._n nay_o the_o trial_n in_o some_o case_n per_fw-la medietatem_fw-la linguae_fw-la as_o we_o speak_v be_v as_o ancient_a in_o lamb._n fol._n 91.3_o viri_fw-la duodeni_fw-la jure_fw-la consulti_fw-la angliae_fw-la sex_n walliae_fw-la totidem_fw-la anglis_fw-la &_o wallis_n jus_o dicunto_fw-la and_o of_o ancient_a time_n it_o be_v call_v duodecim_fw-la virale_fw-la judicium_fw-la that_o in_o the_o 31._o cap._n of_o the_o law_n of_o hen._n 1._o it_o be_v decree_v unusquisque_fw-la per_fw-la pares_fw-la suos_fw-la judicandus_fw-la est_fw-la &_o ejusdem_fw-la provinciae_fw-la this_o be_v the_o judgement_n by_o our_o king_n our_o judge_v dodaridge_n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o nobility_n pag._n 110._o have_v this_o whereas_o it_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o great_a charter_n among_o other_o thing_n in_o the_o form_n which_o follow_v no_o free_a mun_n shall_v be_v take_v or_o imprison_v or_o diseise_v of_o his_o free_a hold_n or_o his_o liberty_n or_o free-custom_n or_o shall_v be_v outlaw_v or_o banish_v or_o in_o any_o wise_a destroy_v nor_o go_v upon_o he_o but_o by_o the_o lawful_a judgement_n of_o his_o peer_n on_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n by_o which_o be_v to_o be_v see_v that_o it_o be_v the_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o land_n for_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v only_o a_o confirmation_n of_o those_o ancient_a privilege_n claim_v by_o the_o baron_n and_o people_n from_o the_o first_o norman_n king_n peer_n by_o which_o we_o stand_v and_o fall_v and_o be_v our_o english_a peculiar_a for_o in_o normandy_n the_o civil_a law_n be_v their_o know_a and_o use_v law_n and_o i_o believe_v you_o will_v hardly_o find_v that_o that_o law_n take_v any_o cognisance_n of_o juries_n who_o number_n be_v not_o in_o all_o age_n fix_v or_o certain_a but_o vary_v into_o several_a number_n according_a to_o what_o you_o shall_v find_v cite_v in_o several_a reign_n they_o be_v for_o many_o century_n together_o as_o at_o this_o time_n at_o 24._o of_o which_o 12._o to_o be_v present_a and_o this_o in_o the_o saxan_n law_n have_v several_a appellation_n but_o to_o ascend_v with_o these_o jury_n up_o to_o antiquity_n we_o will_v begin_v with_o hen._n 1._o and_o with_o what_o he_o decree_v in_o the_o 66._o chap._n of_o his_o law_n si_fw-mi quis_fw-la dei_fw-la rectitudines_fw-la per_fw-la vim_o deforciat_fw-la emendet_fw-la lahsliht_n cum_fw-la dacis_fw-la plenam_fw-la wytam_fw-la cum_fw-la anglis_fw-la vel_fw-la ita_fw-la neget_fw-la assumat_fw-la undecim_fw-la &_o idem_fw-la sit_fw-la duodecimus_fw-la and_o so_o present_o after_o concern_v burchot_n vel_fw-la brigbot_n he_o say_v in_o denelaga_n sicut_fw-la stetit_fw-la antea_fw-la vel_fw-la ita_fw-la se_fw-la allegiet_fw-la nominentur_fw-la ei_fw-la xiiii_o &_o adquirat_fw-la ex_fw-la eye_n undecim_fw-la in_o his_o vero_fw-la secundum_fw-la legem_fw-la nominati_fw-la consacramentales_fw-la vicini_fw-la babendi_fw-la sunt_fw-la quia_fw-la solus_fw-la non_fw-la potuit_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o in_o cap._n lxxiv_o concern_v a_o thief_n slay_v it_o be_v say_v juret_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o cognato_fw-la svo_fw-la nullum_fw-la factum_fw-la erat_fw-la pro_fw-la quo_fw-la de_fw-la vitâ_fw-la fortisfactus_fw-la esset_fw-la &_o eant_fw-la alii_fw-la cum_fw-la duodecim_fw-la &_o superjurent_fw-fr ei_fw-la in_o munditiam_fw-la quae_fw-la ante_fw-la dicetur_fw-la so_o in_o the_o law_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n at_o numb_a 16._o siquis_fw-la alterum_fw-la appellet_fw-la de_fw-la latrocinio_fw-la &_o be_v sit_fw-la libre_fw-la homo_fw-la &_o habeat_fw-la testimonium_fw-la etc._n testimonium_fw-la judge_n dodaridge_n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o the_o baron_n pag._n 155_o say_v the_o yeomanry_n or_o common_a people_n for_o they_o be_v call_v of_o the_o saxon_a word_n zeman_n which_o do_v signify_v common_a who_o have_v some_o land_n of_o their_o own_o to_o live_v upon_o for_o a_o câ—rve_v of_o land_n or_o ploughland_n be_v in_o ancient_a time_n of_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o five_o noble_n and_o this_o be_v the_o live_n of_o a_o sober_a man_n or_o yeoman_n coke_n 9_o part_n fol._n 124._o b._n but_o in_o our_o law_n they_o be_v call_v legales_fw-la homines_fw-la a_o word_n very_o familiar_a in_o writ_n and_o inquest_n etc._n etc._n de_fw-la legalitate_fw-la purget_fw-la se_fw-la per_fw-la plenum_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la &_o alter_fw-la qui_fw-la
three_o particular_a say_v at_o that_o time_n to_o be_v much_o alter_v and_o that_o be_v our_o fashion_n of_o which_o i_o can_v say_v much_o and_o less_o if_o i_o be_v to_o speak_v of_o our_o fashion_n now_o a_o day_n consider_v how_o much_o we_o be_v become_v the_o frenchman_n ape_n but_o yet_o i_o know_v not_o whether_o a_o serious_a observer_n can_v find_v by_o any_o probable_a record_n or_o by_o the_o observation_n of_o ancient_a monument_n any_o such_o alteration_n of_o fashion_n as_o be_v here_o affirm_v the_o same_o manner_n and_o form_n describe_v to_o be_v then_o in_o use_n continue_v many_o year_n after_o if_o any_o thing_n may_v be_v collect_v from_o those_o habit_n express_v in_o the_o monumental_a effigy_n of_o several_a person_n of_o those_o age_n another_o alteration_n say_v to_o have_v happen_v be_v of_o our_o language_n concern_v which_o mr._n daniel_n have_v not_o without_o need_n make_v a_o retractation_n and_o say_v that_o the_o body_n of_o our_o language_n remain_v in_o the_o saxon_a yet_o it_o come_v so_o alter_v in_o the_o habit_n of_o the_o french_a tongue_n as_o now_o we_o hardly_o know_v it_o in_o the_o ancient_a form_n it_o have_v and_o not_o so_o much_o as_o the_o character_n wherein_o it_o be_v write_v but_o be_v alter_v to_o that_o of_o the_o roman_a and_o french_a now_o use_v i_o know_v not_o what_o habit_n he_o mean_v but_o this_o i_o can_v affirm_v that_o our_o language_n have_v in_o it_o little_a of_o the_o french_a from_o the_o norman_a conquest_n but_o continue_v as_o the_o norman_n find_v it_o abate_v only_o such_o change_n and_o refinement_n as_o language_n receive_v in_o the_o like_a space_n of_o time_n there_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v so_o much_o in_o the_o english_a as_o the_o very_a french_a itself_o from_o its_o self_n without_o any_o such_o violent_a impression_n as_o this_o conquest_n may_v seem_v to_o enforce_v and_o i_o will_v desire_v of_o any_o one_o that_o have_v observe_v the_o gradual_a decay_n of_o our_o 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age_n till_o within_o these_o last_o hundred_o year_n so_o that_o at_o this_o instant_n i_o can_v perceive_v into_o what_o habit_n of_o the_o french_a tongue_n it_o be_v alter_v nevertheless_o i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a how_o that_o in_o those_o first_o norman_n time_n there_o want_v not_o those_o of_o the_o english_a who_o by_o their_o adulation_n and_o sycophantize_v earnest_o labour_v to_o get_v themselves_o into_o some_o repute_n of_o who_o that_o age_n take_v so_o great_a notice_n that_o in_o great_a scorn_n they_o reprove_v and_o reflect_v upon_o they_o by_o that_o common_a ironical_a proverb_n jack_n will_v be_v a_o gentleman_n can_v he_o but_o speak_v french_a and_o as_o for_o the_o character_n say_v to_o be_v change_v i_o have_v see_v charter_n of_o saxon_n firm_v both_o by_o william_n the_o conqueror_n and_o after_o his_o reign_n by_o his_o son_n henry_n surname_v beauclerk_n all_o write_v in_o the_o saxon_a letter_n that_o character_n be_v yet_o retain_v in_o all_o such_o escript_n that_o concern_v our_o law_n and_o be_v call_v by_o the_o denomination_n of_o court-hand_n and_o again_o in_o some_o very_a ancient_a transcript_n and_o sermon_n of_o saxon_a write_v before_o the_o conquest_n in_o their_o own_o character_n the_o latin_a therein_o cite_v do_v relinquish_v the_o saxon_a letter_n and_o do_v espouse_v the_o old_a roman_a character_n i_o urge_v this_o the_o rather_o to_o show_v that_o these_o alteration_n be_v not_o proper_o to_o be_v fix_v as_o a_o effect_n of_o the_o norman_a conquest_n and_o that_o writer_n run_v much_o upon_o hyperbolical_a expression_n have_v lay_v more_o upon_o this_o revolution_n than_o it_o be_v true_o guilty_a of_o to_o what_o mr._n daniel_n write_v that_o by_o this_o conquest_n we_o receive_v new_a form_n of_o fight_v fortification_n building_n and_o conclude_v general_o a_o innovation_n in_o most_o thing_n but_o religion_n for_o this_o last_o particle_n that_o be_v of_o so_o great_a extent_n i_o have_v say_v enough_o already_o to_o show_v my_o diffent_n to_o his_o opinion_n and_o it_o be_v so_o large_a in_o the_o affirmative_a i_o dare_v not_o enter_v into_o the_o discourse_n of_o it_o for_o dolus_fw-la latet_fw-la in_o universalibus_fw-la and_o it_o will_v take_v up_o too_o much_o time_n but_o to_o return_v to_o these_o three_o first_o particular_n now_o ennumerate_v i_o say_v that_o probable_o in_o they_o there_o may_v be_v some_o alteration_n for_o i_o will_v not_o be_v think_v so_o opiniative_a to_o believe_v the_o english_a be_v so_o tenacious_a of_o their_o own_o form_n and_o mode_n as_o not_o to_o relinquish_v they_o for_o better_a they_o take_v up_o afterward_o new_a form_n of_o fight_n and_o come_v not_o short_a of_o the_o norman_n either_o in_o valour_n or_o renown_n in_o the_o use_n thereof_o but_o to_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o form_n use_v by_o the_o norman_n and_o saxon_n i_o leave_v the_o reader_n to_o the_o description_n of_o that_o most_o remarkable_a battle_n betwixt_o william_n the_o conqueror_n and_o earl_n harold_n as_o it_o be_v set_v down_o by_o many_o historian_n by_o which_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o there_o be_v much_o difference_n in_o the_o management_n and_o use_v of_o offensitive_a arm_n but_o the_o english_a present_o by_o their_o industry_n in_o the_o practic_a part_n of_o arm_n come_v to_o be_v not_o only_o famous_a but_o also_o terrible_a to_o their_o neighbour_n by_o their_o dexterity_n and_o valour_n neither_o will_v i_o dispute_v their_o fortification_n yet_o the_o roman_n leave_v the_o britain_n excellent_a notion_n thereof_o which_o afterward_o come_v into_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o english_a and_o be_v not_o at_o all_o short_a of_o any_o the_o norman_n can_v pretend_v to_o be_v author_n of_o consider_v the_o discipline_n and_o arm_n of_o ancient_a time_n yet_o true_a it_o be_v that_o the_o english_a at_o this_o time_n be_v by_o case_n and_o softness_n almost_o reduce_v to_o that_o effeminateness_n notwithstanding_o their_o danish_a turmoil_n that_o like_o as_o the_o britain_n make_v use_n of_o they_o and_o their_o ancestor_n against_o the_o pict_n so_o now_o these_o saxon_n make_v use_n of_o the_o norman_n against_o the_o britain_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o their_o welsh_a border_n of_o who_o a_o considerable_a party_n lie_v in_o garrison_n in_o hereford_n and_o be_v after_z william_n the_o conqueror_n have_v be_v here_o above_o a_o year_n hard_o put_v to_o it_o under_o the_o government_n of_o scrâp_n as_o he_o be_v name_v in_o domesdey_n by_o edricus_n silvaticus_n or_o savage_a lord_n of_o wigmore_n who_o at_o last_o be_v take_v by_o radulfe_n de_fw-fr mortuomari_n his_o land_n be_v by_o the_o king_n for_o this_o great_a service_n bestow_v upon_o the_o say_v radulfe_n these_o norman_n which_o i_o suppose_v be_v introduce_v by_o edward_n the_o confessor_n the_o conqueror_n take_v care_n of_o in_o a_o provisional_n law_n which_o carry_v this_o title_n before_o it_o de_fw-fr jure_fw-la normannorum_fw-la qui_fw-la ante_fw-la adventum_fw-la guilielmi_n cives_fw-la fuerant_fw-la anglicani_n where_o in_o the_o body_n thereof_o it_o be_v that_o omnis_fw-la francigena_n qui_fw-la tempore_fw-la edwardi_fw-la propinqui_fw-la nostri_fw-la fuit_fw-la in_o anglia_fw-it particeps_fw-la consuetudinum_fw-la anglorum_fw-la quod_fw-la ipsi_fw-la dicunt_fw-la anhlote_n &_o anscote_n i.e._n scot_n and_o lot_n as_o we_o call_v it_o persolvat_fw-la secundùm_fw-la legem_fw-la anglorum_fw-la but_o this_o be_v not_o altogether_o so_o strange_a if_o we_o consider_v the_o warlike_a disposition_n of_o the_o norman_n in_o that_o age_n in_o continual_a turmoil_n with_o the_o french_a and_o the_o relation_n king_n edward_n have_v to_o normandy_n their_o fortification_n be_v not_o of_o any_o great_a variety_n delight_n judge_v dodaridge_n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o nobllity_n p._n 118._o write_v of_o knight_n their_o dispose_n of_o their_o estate_n in_o those_o elder_a time_n say_v for_o they_o do_v thus_o
be_v to_o say_v perhaps_o they_o be_v as_o servi_fw-la before_o or_o villani_fw-la and_o now_o they_o become_v liberi_fw-la much_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n mr._n lambard_n show_v we_o out_o of_o a_o old_a piece_n of_o saxon_a where_o the_o reputation_n of_o a_o thane_n consist_v in_o have_v among_o other_o thing_n a_o church_n a_o hall_n a_o porch_n etc._n etc._n which_o show_v the_o cohaerence_n of_o the_o saxon_a custom_n with_o the_o british_a and_o thus_o by_o judge_n dodaridge_n out_o of_o he_o it_o be_v render_v in_o his_o treatise_n of_o baron_n pag._n 152._o it_o be_v sometime_o in_o the_o english_a law_n that_o the_o people_n and_o law_n be_v in_o reputation_n than_o be_v the_o wise_a of_o the_o people_n worship-worthy_a in_o his_o degree_n earl_n and_o chorle_n theyne_n and_o undertheyne_a and_o if_o a_o chorle_fw-mi so_o thrive_v that_o he_o have_v full_o five_o hide_n of_o land_n of_o his_o own_o a_o church_n and_o a_o kitchen_n a_o bellhouse_n and_o a_o gate_n a_o seat_n a_o several_a office_n in_o the_o king_n hall_n then_o be_v he_o from_o thenceforth_o the_o theine_n right-worthy_a and_o if_o a_o theyn_z so_o thrive_v that_o he_o serve_v the_o king_n on_o his_o message_n on_o his_o journey-ward_n in_o his_o household_n if_o he_o than_o have_v a_o theyn_z which_z him_z followed_z who_o to_o the_o king_n experience_n have_v five_o hide_n and_o in_o the_o king_n palace_n his_o lord_n have_v serve_v and_o thrice_o with_o his_o errand_n have_v go_v to_o the_o king_n he_o may_v afterward_o with_o his_o fore-oath_n his_o lord_n part_v play_v at_o need_n and_o if_o a_o thein_n that_o he_o become_v a_o earl_n than_o be_v he_o from_o henceforth_o the_o theins_n right-worthy_a and_o if_o a_o scholar_n so_o thrive_v through_o learning_n that_o he_o have_v degree_n and_o serve_v christ_n he_o be_v thenceforth_o of_o dignity_n and_o peace_n so_o much_o worthy_a as_o thereunto_o belong_v unless_o he_o forfeit_v so_o that_o he_o the_o use_n of_o his_o degree_n ne_o might_n again_o among_o the_o same_o law_n for_o forfeiture_n for_o burn_a of_o house_n it_o be_v thus_o provide_v that_o for_o the_o burn_a of_o odin_n regis_n dimid_n libre_fw-la optimatis_fw-la lx._n den_n villani_n regis_fw-la xxx_o den_n villani_n optimatis_fw-la xxiv_o den_n hoc_fw-la de_fw-la illis_fw-la est_fw-la intelligendum_fw-la qui_fw-fr piben_fw-ge habent_fw-la de_fw-la aliis_fw-la tercia_fw-la pars_fw-la pretii_fw-la cadit_fw-la for_o the_o understanding_n whereof_o that_o odin_n be_v translate_v formax_n which_o in_o this_o place_n signify_v a_o kilne_n wherewith_o to_o make_v malt_n because_o that_o piben_fw-ge signify_v a_o kilne-hole_n the_o burn_a of_o which_o sort_n of_o kilne_n be_v that_o which_o be_v here_o mean_v which_o unless_o it_o have_v a_o kilne-hole_n the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o prescribe_a forfeiture_n decrease_v that_o which_o i_o cause_v it_o to_o shoot_v quite_o blank_a against_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o no_o villain_n before_o the_o conquest_n which_o this_o law_n show_v to_o the_o contrary_a in_o give_v you_o a_o account_n of_o such_o even_a at_o this_o time_n of_o the_o collection_n of_o these_o law_n kingsvillein_n and_o noblemens-villeins_a in_o another_o law_n it_o be_v that_o si_fw-mi filia_fw-la villani_n eat_v in_o rapinam_fw-la cum_fw-la aliquo_fw-la postea_fw-la ab_fw-la eodem_fw-la sit_fw-la repudiata_fw-la reddat_fw-la 〈◊〉_d animalia_fw-la tria_fw-la supradicte_n etatis_fw-la another_o law_n provide_v what_o the_o wife_n of_o a_o nobleman_n may_v bestow_v without_o her_o husband_n consent_n and_o what_o she_o may_v lend_v without_o his_o consent_n but_o enact_v that_o uxor_fw-la villani_n nichil_fw-la potest_fw-la dare_v sine_fw-la lioentia_fw-la villani_n nec_fw-la mitram_fw-la nec_fw-la aliquod_fw-la accommodare_fw-la nisi_fw-la cribrum_fw-la tam_fw-la long_o quod_fw-la vox_fw-la ejus_fw-la possit_fw-la audiri_fw-la stans_fw-la in_o limine_fw-la domû_v sue_v dum_fw-la clamat_fw-la propter_fw-la illud_fw-la all_o these_o law_n be_v of_o several_a concernment_n but_o do_v all_o express_o prove_v villeinage_n above_o one_o hundred_o year_n before_o the_o norman_a conquest_n and_o so_o by_o what_o i_o have_v say_v before_o concern_v the_o law_n of_o howel-dda_a probable_o to_o be_v a_o ancient_a british_a usage_n for_o the_o word_n clown_n think_v to_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o latin_a word_n colonus_n from_o whenâ—e_n also_o be_v the_o british_a word_n klw_v and_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o dutch_a word_n boer_n which_o by_o a_o syncope_n be_v use_v for_o bouwer_n from_o the_o word_n bouwen_n id_fw-la est_fw-la arare_fw-la colere_fw-la agrum_fw-la as_o minshew_n have_v it_o what_o reproach_n can_v there_o probable_o be_v in_o that_o denomination_n yet_o now_o what_o ignominy_n do_v it_o carry_v with_o it_o the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o the_o last_o which_o be_v call_v paganus_fw-la in_o latin_a but_o in_o english_a pain_n which_o become_v a_o surname_n to_o a_o family_n and_o a_o christian_a name_n to_o several_a great_a person_n but_o minshew_n have_v this_o story_n of_o the_o original_a of_o the_o name_n which_o carry_v in_o my_o judgement_n no_o great_a store_n of_o probability_n with_o it_o but_o as_o it_o be_v i_o will_v transcribe_v it_o under_o the_o word_n pagan_a he_o say_v a_o judaeis_n defluxâ—ssâ—â—mos_fw-la hic_fw-la &_o appellatio_fw-la rei_fw-la videtur_fw-la cum_fw-la enim_fw-la inter_fw-la judaeos_fw-la hâ—erosolyma_n tantum_fw-la civitas_fw-la erat_fw-la nullisque_fw-la nisi_fw-la judaeis_n ad_fw-la illam_fw-la dabatur_fw-la accessus_fw-la reliqur_n own_v hebraeis_n erant_fw-la pagani_n in_o pagis_fw-la quasi_fw-la extra_fw-la cioitatem_fw-la &_o populum_fw-la dei_fw-la constituti_fw-la &_o out_o of_o the_o eight_o book_n of_o isid_n he_o bring_v another_o story_n much_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n pagani_n inquie_n ex_fw-la â—â—agis_fw-la atheniensium_fw-la dicti_fw-la ubi_fw-la exorti_fw-la sunt_fw-la ibi_fw-la enim_fw-la in_o locis_fw-la agrestibus_fw-la &_o pagis_fw-la gentile_n lucos_fw-la idolaque_fw-la statuerunt_fw-la &_o a_o tali_fw-la inilio_fw-la vocabulum_fw-la sortitisunt_fw-la i_o be_o persuade_v that_o paganus_fw-la come_v from_o pagus_n but_o i_o find_v that_o cyflifc_n the_o saxon_a pagan_n have_v great_a priveleges_n than_o a_o villain_n for_o that_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o military_a service_n as_o in_o the_o 52_o and_o 64_o law_n of_o king_n ina_n which_o for_o brevity_n sake_n i_o shall_v pass_v by_o only_o take_v notice_n that_o of_o all_o such_o denomination_n there_o have_v rise_v term_n of_o disgrace_n which_o be_v not_o so_o in_o the_o first_o usage_n thereof_o so_o be_v it_o familiar_o give_v to_o we_o concern_v the_o common_a denomination_n of_o the_o term_n knave_n which_o be_v a_o word_n take_v from_o the_o britain_n who_o call_v a_o household_n servant_n or_o rather_o such_o a_o one_o as_o attend_v upon_o the_o person_n of_o another_o in_o their_o language_n knaf_n and_o be_v also_o one_o that_o be_v not_o yet_o proper_o say_v to_o be_v a_o man_n but_o be_v betwixt_o a_o boy_n and_o a_o man_n in_o the_o sense_n of_o a_o servant_n it_o be_v use_v in_o stat._n 1._o cap._n 3._o an._n 14_o ed._n 3._o but_o in_o its_o corruption_n and_o as_o it_o be_v now_o receive_v it_o be_v a_o word_n of_o great_a disgrace_n and_o express_v one_o that_o falsify_v his_o trust_n christ_n m_o s._n obit_n eccles_n heref_o penes_fw-la authorem_fw-la paul_n in_o our_o elder_a translation_n be_v render_v the_o knave_n of_o jesus_n christ_n to_o express_v that_o which_o we_o now_o read_v the_o servant_n of_o jesus_n christ_n in_o a_o old_a obit_n book_n that_o i_o have_v former_o belong_v to_o the_o church_n of_o hereford_n there_o be_v mention_n of_o a_o benefactor_n call_v simon_n gods-â—nave_a from_o who_o i_o believe_v at_o this_o day_n a_o certain_a place_n in_o the_o city_n of_o hereford_n be_v call_v gods-knave-inne_n which_o certain_o have_v no_o more_o in_o the_o signification_n than_o the_o servant_n of_o god_n by_o this_o we_o see_v that_o from_o such_o like_a word_n and_o denomination_n as_o these_o be_v surname_n be_v derive_v though_o it_o may_v now_o seem_v strange_a to_o we_o to_o meet_v with_o such_o appellation_n it_o appear_v that_o they_o be_v not_o so_o curious_a of_o procure_v excellent_a one_o to_o transmit_v to_o their_o posterity_n but_o accept_v of_o any_o serious_a or_o jocular_a some_o from_o shape_n of_o body_n other_o from_o quality_n of_o the_o mind_n some_o from_o trade_n office_n etc._n etc._n but_o i_o can_v let_v that_o pass_n without_o notice_n which_o for_o a_o surname_n i_o meet_v with_o in_o the_o second_o volume_n of_o domesdey_n in_o the_o survey_n of_o the_o connty_n of_o essex_n be_v there_o register_v as_o one_o of_o the_o trans_n tenentes_fw-la of_o that_o county_n where_o it_o be_v thus_o record_v 53._o record_v the_o land_n of_o roger_n god_n save_o the_o lady_n for_o the_o word_n domina_fw-la say_v judge_n dodaridge_n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o the_o baron_n pag._n 151._o signify_v lady_n or_o dame_n so_o woman_n after_o