their Lord and Sovereign and was to give rather than receive terms and therefore that they should refer all their grievances to his Wisedom who inheriting the justice of the Sun his Father was inclinable of himself to redress their Oppressions and reduce their Enemies to terms of Reason and Justice With this Answer the Ambassadours returned and the day following all the Indians that were retired within the inclosure to the number of above twelve thousand fighting men with their Wives and Children to about thirty thousand souls came forth and in several Divisions presented themselves on their knees before the Inca professed themselves to be his Slaves and Vassals and in testimony thereof offered unto him Gold and Silver and Lead and whatsoever else was the product of their Countrey The Inca receiving them with his accustomed Goodness ordered that meat should be given them to satisfie their present hunger and likewise provisions for their journey that so they might all return to their respective Habitations lest they should faint by the way and want due refreshment and care in their Travel CHAP. XI The Conquest of those of Aymara The Curacas are received to Pardon Marks are set up for boundaries on the Confines THese People being sent home to their respective dwellings the Inca proceeded to another part of the same Province of Aymara called Huaquirca which even to this day contains two thousand Families from thence he dispatched Messengers to summon the Caciques or Lords of Umasuyu to appear before him for that being descended from the Sun he claimed it as his Prerogative to hear and decide the differences between them and their Neighbours of Aymara about the pasturage and places where they feed their Cattle and that residing now in Huaquirca he expected their coming thither so that he might impose Laws and Rules of Reason on them whereby to measure their actions that they might not like brute Beasts destroy one the other for causes of so small import or moment as that of pasturage since it was evident that the Countrey was large and the grounds abounding with Grass sufficient to feed the Flocks both of one and the other People The Curacas or Chiefs of Umasuyu being assembled together to consult of this common concernment gave this general answer That they had no business with the Inca so as to oblige them to repair to his place of Residence but if he had any occasions for them that he should seek them within their own Territories where they were ready to attend and receive him with Arms in their hands whether the Sun were his Father or not they did neither know nor care and if he were yet the Sun was no God of theirs for they had natural Gods of their own whose Protection and goodness they had so well proved as not to change them for any other That the Inca might bestow his Laws and Ordinances on his own Subjects for that they would accept of none which restrained them from a liberty of taking that to which their Arms and Power gave them a right and title and by the same Arms they would defend themselves and their Countrey against any who should dare to disturb them in their Peace and enjoyments This they said was all the answer that they would give and that in case the Inca required any other he should appear in the field and decide the controversie like a valiant Souldier The Inca Capac Yupanqui entering into consultation with his principal Officers upon this answer of those of Umasuyu agreed and concluded that the success of this War depended on dispatch and therefore that they should without delay make an attempt upon them the suddenness of which would so distract and confound them that the surprisal and fear more than the real hurt would affright them into submission for that it being a Law and Maxime of the first Inca Manco Capac and from him derived to all his Royal Posterity to spare the bloud of the Indians and gain them by all arts and contrivances of Gentleness and Invitation and that War and Force were to be the last remedies In consideration of which Capac Yupanqui thought fit to make use of this Strategeme commanding eight thousand select Men of his Army to march day and night into the Province of Umasuyu so that by the speediness of their march they might surprise the Enemy who did not expect the motion of so great a body in less than the space of a whole month but seeing them already in the midst of their Countrey with a flying Army and the gross Body on their march towards them and considering that it was impossible for them to assemble so soon together as to make a head sufficient to resist began to repent of their pertinacious answer and now laying aside the thoughts of War the Curacas with speed and haste assembled together from all parts resolving that the onely expedient in that exigency was to ask pardon and mercy for their late offence so that one after the other as they chanced to come in prostrated themselves before the Inca acknowledging him for a true Child of the Sun and as such they swore and vowed unto him all Faithfulness and Obedience The Inca contrary to the expectation of the Curacas who expected nothing less than death or punishment received them with a gratious Clemency telling them by one of his Captains that when he considered their Barbarity and that they were wholly ignorant of all kind of Morality he did not admire at their refusal to accept his Religion and the lenity of his government being assured that when they shall have once learned and proved those things which conduce to humane Life they will bless the hour in which they were persuaded to forsake those their Idols which were formed in the similitude of Beasts and vile Creatures and capable of nothing but contempt wherefore now he commanded them that in every thing they should resign themselves with implicite Faith and entire Obedience to the Religion Laws and Government which the Inca and his Ministers should impose upon them for such was the pleasure of the Sun his Father The Curacas with most profound humility answered That they did promise and vow to acknowledge no other God than the Sun nor no other King than the Inca whose Laws and Ordinances being founded on Reason and Justice were the best â—â—es whereby to make his Subjects happy The Inca in favour and honour to these his new Subjects settled his Court for a while in the Province of Chirirqui which is the chief and capital Seat of this People at which place informing himself of the situation and position of their pasturages and of the Causes and Original of the differences arising between these People and their Neighbours did after mature consideration determine where the confines of each Countrey should be limitted and in testimony thereof caused heaps of Stones to be thrown up at such places where he thought fit to remain for
the first Army he with his Son the Prince and Brother Yupanqui proceeded by short marches to the Provinces called Rucana and Hatum-rucana resolving there to fix his Court as the most convenient place near the confines whence at all times he might be in a readiness to give the Succours which the War required and apply those arts which were agreeable to Peace In the mean time the Incas who were his Son and Brother proceeded towards Nanasca and being arrived there they dispatched their usual Summons to the People who live in the Valley of Yca lying northward from Nanasca The Natives desired time to communicate and consider together concerning the Proposals offered them who after they had held a consultation which admitted of some debate they resolved to receive the Inca for their Lord and Master being thereunto the rather moved from the report they had heard of the gentle Government of the Incas and which they had already by reason of the Neighbourhood with Nanasca in part known and tried By this Example the Natives likewise of the Valley of Pisco submitted though their ill Neighbours of the Valley of Chicha endeavoured to corrupt and alienate their Minds from Obedience to the Inca by promises to enter into a League and mutual Confederacy with them but they being sensible that their united strength was not able to defend them from the prevailing power of the Inca resolved to take the secure and saving course of Submission and accept the Laws Customs and Religion of the Incas promising to adore the Sun and esteem all other Gods vain and Idolatrous but such onely as the Incas should impose upon them This Vale of Yca is a fertile and fruitfull soil as are all those other low Lands and Vallies and therefore esteemed worthy to be improved by the Power and Industry of their Kings in order whereunto they erected a fair Aqueduct whereby the waters were conveyed from the highest part of the Mountains by a plentifull stream the which naturally running from the East they with art turned to the West by bringing the Current to fall into a Chanel which received the Rains in the Winter which being dried up in the Summer all those Plains became burnt and scorched up for want of moisture which was afterwards supplied by the great convenience and benefit of these new Waters so that their Tillage and Lands were improved thereby that ever after the People lived with great ease and abundance which when the conquered Indians and those not as yet subdued had seen and proved they became Admirers of the Incan-Empire and desirous to be numbred with the Subjects to it that so they might lay claim to a share of those blessings which the vigilance and ingenuity of the Inca bestowed on his Vassals It is here to be noted that the Indians who inhabited along the Coast for the space of almost 500 Leagues extending from Trugillo to Tarapaca which is the utmost border North and South of Peru generally adored and worshipped the Sea for God unless it were some petty Idol or diminutive God which was peculiar to the Province by reason that the Sea fed and sustained them with Fish for their nourishment and threw up vast quantities of Pilchards with the Heads of which they dunged their Lands as we have said before by reason of which benefits they gave it the Name of Mamacocha or Mother-sea They likewise adored the Whale for its vast bulk and bigness and some Provinces adored this and others that sort of Fish as they were most plentifull and yielded most benefit to the Natives This was in short the Idolatrous Religion of the Yuncas before the times of the Incas or that they came to have Rule and Dominion over them The Vallies of Yca and Pisco being thus reduced the Incas dispatched their Summons to the great and powerfull Valley of Chincha so called from Chinchasuyu which is one of the four quarters into which the Incas divided their Empire requiring them either to pay their Obedience to the Inca Pachacutec who was a Child of the Sun or otherwise to prepare themselves for War and defend their Cause and Countrey with their Arms But the people of Chincha confiding in their Numbers and puffed up with an opinion of their bravery and skill in War returned an answer of Defiance that they would neither receive the Sun for their God nor the Inca for their King that the Sea was the Deity which they had most reason to Adore in regard it supplied them with Fish for their nourishment and was in other particulars and instances the most usefull and beneficial whenas the Sun on the other side scorched their Countrey and parched and tormented their Bodies so that they wished rather to live remote from him than to be troubled with the inconveniences of his Neighbourhood that perhaps he might be a more proper God for those who inhabit the cold Climates under the frozen Zones but as to themselves his Rays and presence were offensive That as to the King they had a Natural Prince of their own whom they loved and would not part with for all the race and lineage of the Sun and for their Arms they were always ready to be employed against those who provoked their Passion or infringed their Liberty or invaded their Countrey or despised their Gods the chief and principal of which was called Chincha Camac who was the Maker and Conservator of Chinca a God so powerfull that the Incas would doe well to consider how they provoked or injured the King of Chincha who was supported by the Providence of that powerfull God. The Natives of this Countrey do likewise much avail themselves on a Tradition that their Forefathers came from a far Countrey though they do not say whence under the Conduct of a valiant and religious General by force of whose Arms they conquered that Countrey by destroying all the people which were the natural Inhabitants of it not suffering one of them to survive because they were a vile and brutish Race besides many other brave Actions which they recount of their Fore-fathers CHAP. XVIII Of the Obstinacy which the People of Chincha shewed and how they were at length reduced THE Incas heated with the disdain of this Answer proceeded towards Chincha and the Curaca or Lord called by the same Name with a considerable band of Men as readily marched to encounter them and skirmished with them in the Valley but the Sand and Dust was so great that the Armies could not remain long engaged wherefore the Yuncas retreated to take possession of a Pass at the entrance to which though they opposed the Incas yet so faint was the resistence which they made that they gave ground and admission to the Enemy to lodge and take up their quarters within the place which they endeavoured to defend All which was performed with signal courage and with bloud and wounds on both sides the Yuncas labouring to defend their
their Feathers were sacred so they were the peculiar note and mark of the Imperial Dignity For my part I am of opinion that there are many other Birds of the same species with these and that though I will not deny but that there may be a Phenix in the World yet that this Bird is not of that kind is most probable howsoever the Indians may maintain what opinion they please and in devotion to their Fore-fathers may fansie them like these Creatures which are rare and esteemed sacred It is certain that the Feathers of these Birds were highly esteemed of in those days though they are more common now being worn by many who falsly pretend to a descent from the Royal Bloud of the Incas though in reality the Race of those Princes is almost totally extinct for in regard the example of foreign fashions hath confounded the true distinctions on the Head by which the quality of every Person was known so it gave a confidence to many to usurp this Royal Mark and pretend to Princely Descent every one almost assuming the Title of an Inca or a Pallas These Feathers were planted over the coloured Wreath which bound their Temples the pique Feathers pointing upwards removed at a little distance one from the other as they were naturally spread Having these Feathers on their Heads they carried great respect for all sorts of Birds and Fowl so that they took care how they affrighted or chased them away Every new Inca that succeeded to the Empire procured new Feathers for that the former belonged to the King deceased who being embalmed conserved all his Ensigns of Regality of which these Feathers were an especial mark Such was the Majesty of this Bird Corequenque and such was the Reverence and Respect which the Incas expressed towards it which though the matter it self be of little importance to the People of Spain yet the knowledge thereof may be pertinent to such as have the curiosity to be acquainted with the Customs and practices of the Incan-Kings But to return again to our Novitiates So soon as they had received these Marks of Chivalry they were conducted to the principal place of the City where a general Festival was publickly solemnized for many days with Songs and Dances in honour and triumph for their Victories the like also was more privately celebrated in the Families of their Parents and near Relations who boasted and rejoiced much in the proficiency of their Sons challenging to themselves a share in their commendations for they having instructed them in martial Exercises how to manage their Arms and make their Shoes and educated them with hardship remote from effeminacy and softness did justly triumph and glory that having performed their duty towards their Sons in their Childhood had now accomplished them with Abilities to serve their Countrey either in War or Peace CHAP. XXIX How Chuquimancu a Lord of four Vallies yielded himself BUT to return again now to the Reign and Conquests of the Inca Pachacutec we are to understand that the General Capac Yupanqui having subdued and conquered the great Curaca Chincha sent to the King his Brother for a new Army whereby he might be enabled to overcome those Vallies or Plain Countries which presented themselves before him The Inca with all readiness supplied him with new Forces commanded by good Officers providing them with all sorts of Victuals and Ammunition agreeable to the greatness of the Enterprise The new Army being come with which also the Prince Yupanqui returned being very desirous to exercise and signalize himself in the War the General of Chincha boldly proceeded out of his Quarters and posted himself in the pleasant Valley of Runahuanac which is as much as the People's Terrour because in the River which runs through that Valley many people had been drowned who supposing the Water to be as shallow in the Winter as in the Summer rather than go a League about by way of the Bridge have foolishly adventured to wade over it but the Chanel being deep and the Current rapid have most miserably perished in the Waters But the Spanish Historians give this Valley and the River the name of Lunaguana by corruption of three Letters of this Word one Writer says that the Word Guano signifies mudd or dung because it affords good Sullage and great improvement for their arable Lands but this Letter G. ought to be H. so that the true word is Huano for the Peruvian Tongue doth not admit of the Letter G. which word Huano signifies dreadfull by this particular and many other instances that we could give it is very apparent how little the Spaniards understood that Language and what gross mistakes also the Mongrels or those that are mixed of Spanish and Indian Bloud did likewise make for they taking the accent in part from their Fathers both in speaking and writing are often guilty of strange corruptions which when I have observed I have endeavoured to correct amongst them but to little purpose considering how prevalent conversation is and the communication of a people to whom they are subdued and become Vassals In those days this Plain of Runahuanac was greatly peopled as also another Low-Countrey lying to the Northward of it called Huarcu which contained thirty thousand Inhabitants in like manner also Chincha was inhabited and other Countries situated North and South of it but now there are not two thousand Inhabitants reputed to be there in all and some lie wholly desolate unless they be some few Spaniards who have taken up their dwellings in those parts Having already related the Conquest of Yuncas we are now to take notice that the Plain of Runahuanac with three others to the Northward of it called Huarca Malla Chillca were all in subjection to a great Lord called Chuquimancu who having several of these Provinces under his Jurisdiction presumed to give himself the Title of King and by reason of his Power claimed an Authority and Dominion over others who were not really and duly his Subjects This King for so we may term him hearing that the Incas marched against him joined what forces he was able to make and boldly attempted to meet and give a stop to the Enemy at the pass of the River where after several Skirmishes wherein many were slain on each side the Inca at length passed the River by help of some flat botomed Boats and Floats which he had made for that purpose Nor did the Yuncas make all the resistence they were able in regard their King Chuquimancu declared his Design of retreating to the Valley of Huarcu which as he falsly supposed was the most advantageous Post but being unskilfull in the Art of War he was deceived in his measures as will hereafter appear for the Incas having well encamped their Army made their benefit of this ill Counsel and in less than a months time gained all the delightfull and pleasant Valley of Huarcu The Inca for security of his Arrear and for Convoy to
Christ our Lord as is performed in the Mass and celebrated on such days as the Spaniards had time and leisure to hear it and that some Indians who had entered themselves into the Service of Spaniards received the Sacrament of Baptism and that likewise the Sacraments of Marriage and Penance were practised so soon I say as these four Holy Mysteries were made known and appeared for the other three were not as yet introduced into those Countries the Devils became dumb and silent and lost that familiar discourse and conversation in publick which as we have said they formerly used and practised with those Gentiles onely they whispered sometimes in secret with the famous Magicians who were said to have a greater power and influence upon them And though at first the party of Huascar gave out that this sullen reservedness and silence of the Oracles was caused by the anger and displeasure of the Sun for the tyrannies and cruelties committed by Atahualpa yet at length they were convinced of a more over-ruling cause which affected the Indians with a general fear and consternation believing that the entrance of these new Guests into their Countrey had over-awed and silenced their Oracles the which opinion served to augment the dread and reverence they had of the Spaniards and confirm the Name which they gave them of Viracocha who is the God especially adored by them and held in more esteem and worship than all their petty Huacas of which we have already given a more large relation CHAP. XXXI How Huascar Inca demanded succour and justice from the Two who went on discovery HErnando de Soto and Peter del Barco having travelled above a hundred Leagues came at length to Sausa where the Captains of Atahualpa held Huascar in imprisonment of which the Spaniards being informed they desired to see him and the Inca being in like manner desirous thereof though he was kept under close custody yet at length they obtained admission What discourse passed between them at that time was not well understood for want of an Interpreter nor could they express themselves in any other manner than by signs Onely afterwards it was reported That Huascar being informed by the Indians that the principal design of the Spaniards was to doe justice and to relieve Men under oppression and violence which pretence as the Spanish Writers affirm was always in a specious manner published by the Spaniards from the time of their first Invasion of those Countries and which at all times they boasted in pursuance of the Commands of his Majesty who enjoyned them to hurt none and to render unto every one his due Of which as we say Huascar being assured he with more assurance of redress complained of the tyranny cruelty and injustice which he had received from his Brother Atahualpa who not content to despoil him and his Heirs of his Kingdom and Dominions resolved to bereave him of his life and to that end had imprisoned him under strict and watchfull Guards Wherefore with all earnestness he conjured them not to abandon and leave him in that condition but to take him with them out of the hands of that Guard which designed so soon as they were departed to put him to death And whereas they had published and made known unto all persons that their intentions were to ease and relieve the oppressed he was well assured that so soon as they had received true information from the Captain-General of the justice of his cause they would restore him again to his Liberty and Kingdom Upon which condition he promised them not onely to fill the Chamber with Vessels of Gold and Silver unto the line drawn by his Brother but that he would raise and pile them up unto the very ceiling for the performance of which he esteemed himself much more able than his Brother in regard that he was well acquainted with the places where secret Treasures of his Father were concealed and where his Ancestours had amassed immense Sums and Riches which his Brother would have embezled and much diminished to build Temples and Altars for accomplishment of his Vows in which he had been so profuse that he was become poor and unable to comply with the Ransome which he had promised In answer whereunto Hernando de Soto and Peter del Barco gave him to understand by signs that in obedience to the Command of their Captain-General they were obliged to proceed as far as Cozco and for that reason could not stay with him but at their return they would perform whatsoever might tend to his service and advantage After which they departed leaving poor Huascar more sad and disconsolate than before for having once entertained some hopes and expectation of relief by their coming he became absolutely desperate and desponding of life and comfort believing as it afterwards happened that their visit and discourse was a prelude to his death CHAP. XXXII How these two Spaniards arrived at Cozco where they found Crosses in the Temples and Royal Palaces THese two Companions proceeding on their Journey towards Cozco arrived on the high Promontory of Carmenca from whence they took a survey of the Imperial City and much admired the neighbouring Towns and Villages which encompassed or were adjoyning to it The people coming forth to meet them received them with joy and mirth with Musick and Dances erecting Triumphal Arches in the ways crowned with Flowers and Garlands and strowing the streets with Rushes and lodged them in those Royal Apartments which were called Amarucancha belonging to Huayna Capac for being in their estimation persons of Divine Race they allotted those Chambers for them which appertained to their greatest and most beloved King. At the entrance thereunto was a very fair Tower being four Stories high each of which had a cieling of Timber in such manner as covered the Royal Chambers and which were so lofty that to speak in compass the Turret above was a high as any Spire in Spain unless that of Seville The top thereof was in form of a Globe as were all the Chambers and above all in the place of a Weather-cock or Vayne which the Indians did not understand they had erected a Ball which added much to the height and was so large that the hollow of it contained above sixty Foot in compass called by them Sunturhuaci which signifies as much as the rare piece of Architecture there being no other building adjoyning thereunto to support or hide it In my time it was thrown down or demolished to make the Market-place more large and airy though the truth is it took not up much place and now in lieu thereof the Jesuits have erected a high Coloseo or Pyramid as we have mentioned in the first Part of this History The next day after the Spaniards arrived the Indians carried them in several Palanchines or Seats placed on Mens shoulders to see and view the City and as they passed the people adored and worshipped them after the manner of their Gentilism and
importunate to know the cause and reason of his Melancholy at length with much adoe he made Answer that he had received information how that one of his Captains had killed his Brother Huascar in the Hands of those to whose Custody he had committed him the which he deeply resented for that he was his Elder Brother and his Father and though he detained him a Prisoner and under restraint yet it was not with any intention to doe him hurt but onely to secure him in such a capacity as might disenable him from making any Attempts on his Kingdom of Quitu which did not at all appertain unto him for that Province having been obtained by his Father's Conquests was conferred and bequeathed by Testament to himself being no part of the Inheritance which belonged to the Elder Son. In Answer hereunto the Governour bid him be of good chear and comfort for that Death was natural and common to all and that so soon as the Countrey was quiet and settled he would enquire into this Murther and punish those who should be found guilty of that great Crime Atabaliba observing that Marquis Piçarro was little concerned for the matter resolved to kill his Brother and accordingly his Commands were put into Execution with such speed that it was hard to distinguish whether Huascar was put to Death before or after the time that he testified his Sorrow in presence of Piçarro The fault of this unhappy accident is commonly objected against Hernando de Soto and Pedro del Barco for that they being Souldiers ought not to have been ignorant of the Duty and Respect they owe to the Commands of their General which are not to be dispensed with on any pretence or occasion whatsoever without express Order to the contrary The Indians report that when Huascar saw that there was no remedy but that he must dye he uttered these Words with great passion I have been Lord of this Countrey but for a short time but as to my Brother that Traitor by whose Command I that am his natural Lord am put to death he shall enjoy his Government for a much shorter time than I have done Wherefore when the Indians had heard that Atabaliba was afterwards put to death as shall be related in the following Chapter they believed Huascar to have been of the true and legitimate Progeny of the Sun who had illuminated him with a prophetick Spirit touching the Fate of his Brother And likewise Huascar farther declared that when his Father gave him his last farewell he enjoyned and commanded him That when a People or Nation which were white and had beards should invade his Dominions that he should labour to make a friendship with them for that they were to become Lords of that Kingdom Thus far are the Words of Augustine Carate For my part when I find the Spanish Writers to relate things fairly and with the truth and gravity of History I am more pleased to make use of their words verbatim than my own for as I am an Indian and not a Spaniard their words and expressions must be more proper than mine the which Rule we shall always observe unless it be where the Spanish Histories are defective and want Additions But to return unto the Relation which Augustin de Carate hath given It is to be noted that he briefly touches many particulars which we have more at large related in this our History as namely that which concerns the Tyranny the Craft and Dissimulation of Atahualpa when he proved the Mind of Francis Piçarro how and in what manner he would take the Death of Huascar for in reality had the Spaniard been as wary and as sagacious as was this Indian and had presently replied upon him and told him plainly that I know and am well assured that it was you that killed this Person and that therefore I shall inflict such punishment on you as your Crime deserves it is most certain that he would then have been better advised and never have adventured on this Murther of his Brother but when on the contrary he perceived an indifferency in the Governour who little suspected so much evil in a person of that simplicity he then took courage and resolution to put his wicked Intention into practice against the Inca his natural King which consummated all his other cruelties Nor did he onely put him to Death but killed him barbarously cutting his Flesh into slices and throwing them none knows where but the Indians report and believe that they ate his Flesh out of mere rage and malice against him Acosta saith that they burnt him And Carate mentions that the diligence and speed used in sending the Dispatches for his Death were not by the Posts but by Fires or Beacons which the Chasquis or Postmasters were ordered to make both by night and day for greater expedition when any matter required extraordinary haste In like manner this Authour touches on the Prognostication which Huayna Capac had left concerning the Invasion which the Spaniards were to make into those Countries and of which they were to become Masters He also farther proceeds and tells us that Hernando de Soto and Peter del Barco were not blameable for not remaining with Huascar as he desired and for not hearkening to the proposition he had made to them which imported three times the Treasure which his Brother had promised because in reality they did not understand him for otherwise no doubt but those Men whose business was neither Conquest nor their Embassy matter of War or Peace but onely to see that the Promise made by Atahualpa for his ransome were complied with would have readily embraced the more advantageous Offer of three times the value made by Huascar And thus these two Spaniards excuse and clear themselves from what was objected against them touching the Death of Huascar Thus this unhappy Inca the last of the Monarchs of that Empire fell and ended his Days having been a Spectator of all those Cruelties and Murthers which his Brother had exercised upon his Vassals Servants Uncles Brothers and Sons and as to his own Person had been used with such Hardships and Severity in Prison as were insupportable and which Diego Fernandez relates to have been in this manner The two Captains of Atabalipa returning to their Lord carried Huascar Prisoner with them to whom in their Journey they gave nothing but Urine to drink and no other Food to eat than Worms and other filthiness Whilst these things passed Francis Piçarro with other Christians his Companions entred the Countrey and took Atabalipa Prisoner in Caxamal Thus far are the Words of this Authour who in another place says that they killed Huascar in Andamarca and Atabalipa in Caxamarca that is Cassamarca which is the Countrey or Province of Frost for Cassa signifies Frost and Marca a Countrey likewise Andamarca ought to be wrote Anta Marca for Anta signifies Copper and Anta Marca the Copper Countrey CHAP. XXXIV Don Diego de Almagro comes
writing at length coming to the Souldier before-mentioned and you Sir said he go to such a House which was far from the Chamber where he formerly quartered Sir replied the Souldier I desire to go to my old Landlord where I am well known No said Carvajal I would have you go to the place which I assign you but the Souldier would not be so answered saying that he had no need to change his quarters where he was so well entertained before and then Carvajal moving his head with great gravity I would have your Worship go said he to the place I have appointed for you where you will be very well treated and if you want any thing more my Lady Catalina Leyton will be near at hand to serve you and then the Souldier understanding that he should be well provided for accepted his offer and said no more The Head of Francisco de Carvajal being cut off was carried to the City of Los Reyes and there fixed upon the Gallows in the Market-place in company with the Head of Gonçalo Piçarro his Quarters with those of other Captains concerned in the same condemnation were set up in the four great Roads which lead to the City of Cozco And in regard that in Chap. 33. of the fourth Book we have promised to give an account of the poison with which the Indians of the Island of Barlovento did usually infect their Arrows by sticking them in the flesh of dead men I shall in confirmation thereof relate what I saw experienced on one of the Quarters of Carvajal which was hanged up in the High-way which leads to Collasuya which is to the South-ward of Cozco The thing was this One day being Sunday ten or twelve Boys of the same School with me whose Fathers were Spaniards and Mothers Indians all of us under the age of twelve years walking abroad to play we espied the Quarters of Carvajal in the Field at which we all cried let us go and see Carvajal and being come to the place we perceived that the Quarter hanging there was his Thigh very fat stinking and green with corruption Hereupon one of the Boys said that none of them durst go and touch him Some said yes some said no with which they divided into two parties but none durst come near it untill one Boy called Bartholomew Monedero more bold and unlucky than the rest How said he dare not I and with that ran and thrust his middle Finger clear through the Quarter upon which we all ran from him and cried Oh the stinking Rascal Oh the stinking Rogue Carvajal is coming to kill you for being so bold with him but the Boy ran down to the water washed his finger very well and rubbed it with dirt and so returned home the next day being Monday he came to the School with his Finger very much swelled and looked as if he wore the Thumb of a Glove upon it towards the evening his whole hand was swelled up to his very Wrist and next day being Tuesday the swelling was come up to his very Elbow so that he was then forced to tell his Father of it and confess how it came for remedy of which Physicians being called they bound a string very strait above the swelling and scarrified his Hand and Arm applying other Antidotes and Remedies thereunto notwithstanding which and all the care they could use the Boy was very near death and though at length he recovered yet it was four months afterwards before he could take a Pen in his hand to write And thus as the temper of Carvajal was virulent and malitious in his life-time so was his flesh noxious after his death and gives us an experiment in what manner the Indians empoisoned their Arrows CHAP. XLIII In what manner Piçarro was executed Of the Alms he desired might be given for his Soul after his death with some account of his disposition and natural parts AND now in the last place we are to give a relation of the dolefull end of Gonçalo Piçarro whom we left in confession all that day and untill noon of the next day untill the Officers were called to dinner but he refused to eat and remained alone untill the Confessour returned and so continued in confession untill it was very late in the mean time the Officers of Justice being impatient of delay were still going and coming to hasten the dispatch and one of the most grave and severe amongst them being troubled to see the time thus pass away cried out with a loud voice what will they never have done and bring forth this man at which saying all the Souldiers were much offended and uttered many scandalous and reviling words against him most of which though I well remember yet I am too modest to repeat them here or name the person for he retired without replying one word lest he should provoke the Souldiers to farther anger whose displeasure he much feared for what he had already expressed but presently afterwards Gonçalo Piçarro came forth and was set upon a Mule purposely provided for him he had his Cloak on and his hands loose though some Authours write that his hands were bound yet about the Mule's neck a halter was tied to comply with the formality of the Sentence in his hands he carried the Image of our Lady to whom he was greatly devoted praying her to intercede for his Soul. Being come half way to the place of Execution he desired a Crucifix which one of the Priests who attended him of which there being about ten or twelve gave into his hands which he exchanged for the Image of our Lady kissing first with great humility the hem of her Garment upon the Crucifix he fixed his eyes so steadily that he did not remove them from that object untill he came to the Scaffold which was purposely erected for his execution and being mounted thereupon he went to one side of it and from thence made his Speech to the Souldiers and Inhabitants of Peru who flocked from all parts thither few being absent unless those who had been of his party and were revolted from him and of them also some were present in disguises and not to be known and then he spake with a loud voice in this manner Ye know Gentlemen that my Brothers and I have gained this Empire and that many of you are possessed of Lands and Baronies which my Brother the Marquis conferred upon you and many of you here present have received them from me Moreover many of you owe me money which I have freely lent to you and others have received them as a gift and not as a debt I for my part dye poor and without any thing that not so much as the cloaths upon my back are my own but the sees belonging to the Executioner for the service he doth in cutting off my Head so that I have nothing to give for the good and benefit of my Soul. Wherefore I beseech you Gentlemen as many of you as owe me
money to bestow the same in Masses to be said for my Soul having full assurance in God through the meritorious bloud and passion of our Lord Jesus Christ his Son and with the assistence of your charity that he will pardon my Offences and receive me to Mercy And so Farewell Scarce had he ended his request for Charity before the Sighs and Groans of the People were loudly heard and many Tears were shed by all those who heard those dolefull and sad expressions Then Piçarro kneeled down before the Crucifix which was placed on a Table set upon the Scaffold Then came the Executioner John Enriquez to bind a Handkirchief about his Eyes but Piçarro desired him to forbear saying that there was no need of it and when he saw him draw his Hanger to cut off his Head he said Honest Jack doe thy Office handsomely meaning that he should doe his business at one blow and not in a mangling manner as some have done then said the Executioner I promise your Lordship that it shall be so done as you desire and having so said he lifted up his Beard with his left-hand being above a Span long and cut round as they used to wear them in those days and with a back-stroak cut off his Head at one blow as if he had sliced a leaf of Lettice and holding his Head in his hand the body remained some time before it fell And this was the end of this great Man. The Executioner would afterwards have stripped him but that Diego Centeno who was come to lay him in his Coffin redeemed his Cloaths by promising a recompense for them to the Executioner so his Corpse were carried to be interred at Cozco in his own Cloaths for want of a winding Sheet which none would bestow and were buried in a Convent of our Lady of the Merceds and in the same Chapel where lay the bodies of the two Diegoes de Almagro Father and Son whose Fates had been the same for they had been equally concerned in gaining the Countrey and all three were put to death and buried upon Charity and after all this as if there had wanted Earth or Land in the Countrey they were all three buried in the same Grave And that none of them might have cause to boast of his fortune above the other all their conditions were made equal and all three may be compared with that of Francisco Piçarro who was Brother of one and Companion of the other who was put to death as before related and buried afterwards upon Charity and thus may these four Brothers and Companions be compared and made equal in every thing So that now If a man soberly and impartially considers the course of this World he will see how well and in what manner it rewards those who serve in their generation since this was the recompence of those who gained and conquered the Empire called Peru. None of the three Authours make mention of the Charity which Piçarro begged at his death perhaps because they would not grieve the Readers with so melancholy a Story but for my part I write all things plainly and without any disguise The fury of the War being over the Inhabitants of the Empire caused Masses to be said in their respective Cities for the Soul of Gonçalo Piçarro both in compliance with what he requested of them at his death as also from a Principle of gratitude to him who had saved their liberties and laid down his life for the publick welfare His Head with that also of Francisco de Carvajal was carried to the City of Los Reyes which was built and founded by his Brother the Marquis And here being pitched upon Iron Spikes they were set upon a Gallows in the publick Market-place Gonçalo Piçarro and his four Brothers who have supplied us with matter for a long Discourse in this History were born in the City of Truxillo which is in the Province of Estremadura which we mention in honour thereunto for having produced such Heroick Sons who conquered the two Empires of the new World namely Mexico and Peru for Don Hernando Cortes Marquis Del Valle who subdued Mexico was also born at Medell which is a Town in Estremadura Also Vasco Nunnez de Valvoa who was the first Spaniard that discovered the South-Sea was a Native of Xerez de Badajoz and Don Pedro de Alvarado who after the Conquest of Mexico passed into Peru with eight hundred men of which Garçilasso de la Vega was one of the Captains and Gomez de Tordoya were Natives of Badajoz to which we may add Pedro Alvarez Holguin Hernando de Soto and Pedro del Barco his Companion with many other Gentlemen of the Families of Alvarado and Chaves and other persons of Quality engaged in the Conquest of those Kingdoms who were all or the most of them Natives of Estremadura and for that reason many Souldiers born in that Province following their Countrey-men of note were employed in that Enterprize wherefore in honour thereunto we ought not to cover the names of such Sons in obscurity who have signalized themselves to the World by such Heroick Actions Gonçalo Piçarro was of the name of the Piçarro's which is a Family of ancient bloud illustrious and well known over all Spain Don Hernando Cortes who was Marquis Del Valle was by the Mother-side of that Family called Donna Catalina Piçarro so that this Lineage is worthy of honour being entitled to the Conquest of two Empires Besides the Antiquity of this Family Gonçalo Piçarro and his Brothers were the Sons of Gonçalo Piçarro a Captain of the Guards in the Kingdom of Navarre which is an Office of great reputation in that Countrey for that all the Souldiers thereof are to be Gentlemen of ancient Families or such as have obtained this Honour by some great and heroick Action the which Office is of so great esteem that to my knowledge a Grandee of Spain called Don Alonso Fernandez de Cordoua and Figueroa Marquis De Priego Chief of the House of Aguilar availed himself much on the Honour of being Captain of Horse in the Kingdom of Navarre which Office he continued untill the day of his death and was much honoured by all the Souldiers of those parts Gonçalo Piçarro was a very comely person in the shape of his Body of a pleasing countenance of a confirmed health and one who could endure all hardships as hath been proved by this History He was an excellent Horseman in both Saddles either riding short or with long Stirrups he was an excellent Markes-man either with Gun or Cross-bow with a black-lead Pencil he could draw any thing in the Wall which he desired and was the most dexterous with his Lance of any man that ever passed into the new World of which many famous men of those times give testimony He was a great lover of good Horses and kept many of them in his Stables At the beginning of the Conquest he had two of a Chest-nut colour one of which
as well Spaniards as Indians who were inwardly affected with such passionate expressions Upon Notice of this Sentence the Friers of the City of Cozco flocked to the Prison to instruct the Prince in the Christian Doctrine and to perswade him to be Baptized after the example of his Brother Don Diego Sayri Tupac and his Uncle Atahualpa The Prince readily accepted of the offer to be Baptized and told them that he was glad to obtain the benefit of the Christian Ordinances upon the Testimony and Authority of his Grand-father Huayna Capac who declared That the Law which the Christians taught them was better than their own and being by Baptisme received into the Church of Christ he would be called Philip after the name as he said of his Inca and King Don Philip of Spain But this Function was performed with as much Sadness and Sorrow as that of his Brother 's was celebrated with Joy and Triumph as before declared Though this Sentence against the Prince was published every where and that all we have said and much more appeared which we for brevity sake omit which might perswade the World that the same would be executed yet the Spaniards of the City as well Seculars as Religious were of Opinion that the Vice-King would not proceed to an Act so unhumane and barbarous as to kill a poor Prince deposed and dis-inherited of his Empire which could never be pleasing and acceptable to King Philip whose Clemency would rather have ordered his Transportation into Spain than passed this Condemnation of him to death which he had never deserved But the Vice-King it seems was of another Opinion as we shall see presently in the following Chapter CHAP. XIX The Sentence is executed upon the Prince The endeavours used to prevent it The Vice-King refuses to hearken thereunto With what Courage the Inca received the stroak of Death THE Vice-King resolving to execute his Sentence which he believed to be for the Safety and Security of the Empire caused a Scaffold to be raised in the chief place of the City This was so new and strange a resolution to all People that the Gentlemen Friers and other grave Persons were so concerned for it that they met together and drew up a Petition to the Vice-King representing to him the Barbarity of the Fact which would be scandalous to the World and disapproved by his Majesty That it would be much better to send him into Spain for tho' Banishment be a lingering Torment yet it is a token of Clemency much rather than the Sentence of a speedy Death a Petition being drawn up to this effect with design to be delivered with all the supplication and intercession in behalf of the Prince the Vice-King who had his spyes abroad and by them was informed of the Petition which was preparing with the Subscription of many hands thereunto resolving not to be troubled with such Importunities gave Order to have the Gates of the Court shut and no Man suffered to come to him upon pain of Death And then immediately he issued out a Warrant to have the Inca brought forth and his Head cut off without farther delay that so the disturbance of the Town might be appeased by a speedy execution whereas by giving time a Combustion might be raised and the Prince rescued out of his hands Accordingly the poor Prince was brought out of the Prison and mounted on a Mule with his hands tyed and a Halter about his Neck with a Cryer before him publishing and declaring that he was a Rebel and a Traytor against the Crown of his Catholick Majesty The Prince not understanding the Spanish Language asked of one of the Friers who went with him what it was that the Cryer said And when it was told him that he proclaimed him an Auca which was a Traytor against the King his Lord which when he heard he caused the Cryer to be called to him and desired him to forbear to publish such horrible Lyes which he knew to be so for that he never committed any act of Treason nor ever had it in his Imaginations as the World very well knew But says he tell them that they kill me without other cause than only that the Vice-King will have it so and I call God the Pachacamac of all to witness that what I say is nothing but the Truth After which the Officers of Justice proceeded forward to the place of Execution As they were entering into the Chief Place they were met by great numbers of women of all Ages amongst which were several of the Blood Royal with the wives and daughters of the Caciques who lived in places adjacent to the City all which cryed out with loud Exclamations and cryes accompanied with a flood of Tears saying Wherefore Inca do they carry thee to have thy Head cut off What Crimes what Treasons hast thou committed to deserve this usage Desire the Executioner to put us to Death together with thee who are thine by Blood and Nature and should be much more contented and happy to accompany thee into the other World than to live here Slaves and Servants to the Will and Lust of thy Murderers The noise and outcry was so great that it was feared lest some insurrection and out-rage should ensue amongst such a Multitude of People then gathered together which was so great that with those who filled the two Places and the Streets leading thereunto and who were in Balconies and looking out at Windows they could not be counted for less than 300 thousand Souls This combustion caused the Officers to hasten their way unto the Scaffold where being come the Prince walked up the Stairs with the Friers who assisted at his Death and followed by the Executioner with his Faulchion or broad Sword drawn in his hand And now the Indians seeing their Prince just upon the brink of Death lamented with such groans and out-cries as rent the Air and filled the place with such noise that nothing else could be heard Wherefore the Priests who were discoursing with the Prince desired him that he would command the People to be silent whereupon the Inca lifting up his right Arm with the Palm of his hand open pointed it towards the place from whence the noise came and then loured it by little and little until he came to rest it on his right thigh Which when the Indians observed their Murmur calmed and so great a silence ensued as if there had not been one Soul alive within the whole City The Spaniards and the Vice-King who was then at a Window observing these several passages wondred much to see the obedience which the Indians in all their passion shewed to their dying Inca who received the stroke of death with that undaunted Courage as the Incas and Indian Nobles did usually shew when they fell into the hands of their Enemies and were unhumanely butchered and cruelly treated by them as may appear in our History of Florida and other Wars which were carried on