since_o his_o death_n a_o little_a after_o he_o begin_v mr._n ploden_n who_o report_v the_o special_a case_n which_o happen_v from_o the_o second_o of_o king_n edw._n the_o sixth_o until_o the_o fifteen_o of_o queen_n elizabeth_n they_o be_v but_o few_o case_n yet_o more_o full_o report_v than_o any_o before_o he_o then_o the_o voluntary_a reporter_n be_v the_o late_a lord_n coke_n who_o have_v set_v forth_o thirteen_o volume_n of_o report_n since_o that_o we_o have_v have_v hobart_n bulstrod_n hutton_n and_o divers_a other_o especial_o justice_n croke_n who_o continue_v his_o report_n till_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o there_o be_v beside_o these_o reporter_n case_n writer_n of_o rule_n and_o the_o application_n of_o they_o to_o case_n some_o other_o writer_n of_o the_o common_a law_n who_o work_n be_v mix_v partly_o of_o rule_n and_o partly_o of_o application_n of_o they_o to_o certain_a case_n of_o their_o own_o knowledge_n and_o collection_n such_o be_v the_o book_n call_v the_o old_a tenor_n and_o another_o common_o call_v littleton_n tenor_n this_o book_n serve_v for_o a_o introduction_n to_o the_o young_a student_n in_o the_o common-law_n of_o england_n as_o justinian_n institution_n do_v for_o the_o beginner_n in_o the_o civill-law_n mr._n perkins_n do_v likewise_o draw_v certain_a rule_n and_o case_n of_o some_o title_n of_o the_o common_a law_n into_o a_o method_n but_o not_o of_o equal_a or_o like_v authority_n with_o littleton_n it_o be_v allege_v by_o ploden_n in_o his_o epistle_n that_o in_o ancient_a time_n as_o he_o have_v upon_o credit_n hear_v there_o be_v four_o reporter_n of_o our_o case_n king_n reporter_n of_o the_o law_n in_o former_a time_n authorize_v 2nd_o allow_v by_o the_o king_n of_o law_n which_o be_v chief_a man_n and_o have_v a_o yearly_a stipend_n for_o their_o travel_n therein_o pay_v by_o the_o king_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o they_o confer_v together_o at_o the_o make_n and_o set_v forth_o of_o the_o report_n it_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v that_o there_o be_v the_o like_a course_n still_o continue_v and_o allowance_n give_v so_o shall_v we_o not_o have_v be_v bereave_v of_o so_o many_o worthy_a and_o unrecoverable_a case_n and_o judgement_n which_o be_v want_v and_o no_o doubt_n either_o perish_v or_o bury_v in_o silence_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o student_n be_v deprive_v of_o the_o light_n and_o help_v which_o they_o may_v have_v thereby_o chap._n vi_o of_o estate_n allow_v by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n have_v say_v somewhat_o of_o the_o ground_n of_o our_o common-law_n of_o england_n it_o shall_v seem_v proper_a in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o show_v the_o estate_n which_o the_o common-law_n do_v allow_v and_o that_o brief_o for_o neither_o my_o judgement_n in_o the_o law_n nor_o this_o place_n will_v fit_o allow_v such_o aperfect_a and_o exact_a discourse_n as_o may_v pass_v without_o exception_n of_o the_o learned_a in_o our_o law_n or_o full_o satisfy_v such_o as_o be_v well_o experience_v in_o the_o same_o only_o that_o which_o shall_v be_v say_v be_v rather_o set_v down_o as_o a_o general_a view_n to_o consider_v the_o state_n and_o course_n of_o our_o law_n than_o as_o a_o platform_n and_o precise_a instruction_n thereof_o the_o estate_n most_o absolute_a which_o sort_n fee-simple_n of_o two_o sort_n the_o law_n do_v allow_v be_v either_o fee-simple_n absolute_a of_o land_n to_o a_o man_n and_o to_o his_o heir_n and_o assign_n for_o ever_o fee-tail_n estate_n of_o fee-simple_n conditional_a now_o make_v a_o estate_n in_o fee-tail_n or_o fee-simple_n conditional_a that_o be_v to_o he_o and_o the_o heir_n of_o his_o body_n general_a or_o special_a as_o it_o be_v at_o the_o common-law_n which_o be_v account_v fee-tail_n to_o his_o heir_n male_n or_o female_n according_a to_o the_o particular_a limitation_n this_o estate_n of_o fee-simple_n absolute_a fee-simple_n how_o time_n have_v alter_v the_o state_n of_o fee-simple_n and_o general_a be_v as_o ancient_a as_o our_o common-law_n and_o perchance_o before_o the_o use_n of_o our_o common-law_n as_o they_o be_v now_o in_o ure_n for_o from_o the_o begin_n there_o be_v give_v and_o grant_v of_o land_n though_o not_o altogether_o in_o that_o exact_a and_o express_a form_n which_o late_a time_n have_v require_v because_o at_o the_o first_o if_o one_o man_n have_v give_v land_n to_o another_o for_o ever_o this_o have_v be_v hold_v a_o sufficient_a grant_n to_o he_o and_o to_o his_o heir_n but_o now_o the_o law_n have_v so_o expound_v and_o distinguish_v that_o if_o the_o word_n heir_n be_n not_o in_o the_o grant_n it_o be_v no_o fee-simple_n but_o a_o estate_n for_o life_n the_o estate_n in_o fee-simple_n donditional_a be_v likewise_o for_o the_o general_a practice_n thereof_o introduce_v upon_o late_a consideration_n of_o which_o at_o the_o first_o there_o be_v no_o recovery_n leave_v in_o the_o giver_n nor_o remainder_n can_v be_v limit_v over_o but_o after_o issue_n have_v which_o be_v the_o condition_n annex_v the_o donee_n or_o he_o to_o who_o the_o gift_n be_v make_v have_v power_n to_o alien_n the_o whole_a land_n and_o estate_n but_o afterward_o this_o estate_n in_o fee-simple_n conditional_a be_v in_o the_o thirteen_o year_n of_o king_n edw._n the_o first_o by_o a_o statute_n make_v a_o estate_n in_o tail_n in_o the_o donee_n and_o a_o reversion_n in_o the_o donor_n or_o giver_n and_o then_o the_o donee_n may_v not_o by_o any_o act_n bar_v his_o issue_n neither_o by_o forfeiture_n of_o offence_n as_o treason_n nor_o by_o conveyance_n though_o never_o so_o strong_a as_o fine_a etc._n etc._n thus_o we_o see_v how_o the_o great_a and_o most_o beneficial_a estate_n of_o fee-simple_n which_o the_o common-law_n do_v admit_v have_v receive_v his_o degree_n his_o limitation_n and_o alteration_n according_a as_o time_n increase_v of_o knowledge_n in_o the_o law_n and_o of_o conveyance_n and_o assurance_n among_o man_n have_v think_v it_o meet_v the_o like_a alteration_n we_o may_v find_v in_o other_o estate_n of_o least_o extent_n and_o benefit_n in_o the_o law_n where_o mention_n be_v first_o make_v of_o the_o state_n of_o fee-simple_n to_o be_v very_o ancient_a though_o not_o always_o in_o one_o express_v form_n it_o be_v true_a with_o a_o several_a respect_n of_o time_n in_o antiquity_n for_o among_o the_o saxon_n fee-simple_n be_v time_n fee-simple_n in_o use_n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n and_o that_o by_o the_o name_n of_o land_n to_o a_o man_n and_o his_o heir_n as_o it_o appear_v in_o the_o saxon_a law_n of_o alfred_n where_o it_o be_v say_v qui_fw-la terram_fw-la habuerit_fw-la per_fw-la scripturae_fw-la seriem_fw-la the_o saxon_a word_n be_v boclande_n sibi_fw-la relictam_fw-la ab_fw-la haeredibus_fw-la ad_fw-la alios_fw-la alienandi_fw-la potestas_fw-la ei_fw-la non_fw-la esto_fw-la siquidem_fw-la praesentibus_fw-la cognatis_fw-la coram_fw-la rege_fw-la aut_fw-la episcopo_fw-la scriptura_fw-la aut_fw-la testimonio_fw-la potentum_fw-la omni_fw-la alienatione_fw-la &_o interdixisse_fw-la illum_fw-la qui_fw-la prius_fw-la concessit_fw-la talemque_fw-la ei_fw-la imposuisse_fw-la legem_fw-la cum_fw-la primo_fw-la dederit_fw-la out_o of_o which_o may_v be_v note_v both_o the_o fee-simple_n absolute_a and_o conditional_a be_v then_o allow_v and_o in_o use_n and_o also_o time_n fee-simple_n conditional_a also_o know_v in_o the_o saxon_n time_n a_o man_n may_v see_v that_o in_o ancient_a time_n how_o a_o gift_n to_o a_o man_n and_o his_o heir_n and_o a_o gift_n to_o a_o man_n for_o ever_o be_v all_o one_o for_o when_o erle_n godwine_n come_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o canterbury_n to_o get_v the_o manor_n of_o boseham_n in_o sussex_n he_o first_o jest_o say_v to_o he_o as_o mr._n camden_n say_v out_o of_o mapaeus_n dam_fw-la mihi_fw-la boseham_n the_o bishop_n as_o it_o shall_v seem_v scarce_o know_v his_o meaning_n answer_v he_o do_v tibi_fw-la boseham_n whereupon_o without_o any_o more_o livery_n the_o earl_n take_v and_o have_v possession_n thereof_o to_o he_o and_o to_o his_o heir_n by_o which_o also_o we_o may_v see_v two_o thing_n that_o the_o word_n heir_n be_v not_o then_o of_o absolute_a necessity_n in_o a_o grant_n to_o create_v a_o fee-simple_n and_o that_o then_o such_o strict_a word_n and_o form_n of_o conveyance_n be_v not_o require_v as_o of_o late_a time_n to_o pass_v estate_n of_o land_n there_o be_v other_o estate_n of_o inferior_a degree_n and_o dignity_n allow_v by_o the_o common-law_n whereof_o some_o be_v account_v inheritance_n and_o freehold_a other_o but_o uncertain_a and_o not_o for_o a_o prefix_a season_n or_o term_v of_o the_o first_o sort_n be_v a_o estate_n for_o life_n twofold_n estate_n for_o life_n twofold_n and_o that_o twofold_a either_o create_v by_o the_o party_n as_o by_o lease_n etc._n etc._n or_o else_o create_v by_o the_o law_n as_o tenant_n by_o the_o curtefie_v of_o england_n by_o have_v issue_n of_o a_o wife_n inheritrix_n or_o
else_o a_o estate_n in_o dower_n limit_v to_o a_o wife_n in_o marriage_n and_o this_o reckon_v freehold_n for_o that_o it_o be_v a_o estate_n for_o life_n a_o estate_n for_o year_n by_o grant_n of_o the_o grant_n estate_n for_o year_n by_o grant_n party_n be_v when_o by_o lease_n either_o in_o writing_n or_o word_n call_v a_o lease_n parol_n or_o by_o will_n such_o a_o estate_n be_v grant_v a_o estate_n for_o year_n by_o law_n be_v divers_a law_n estate_n for_o year_n by_o the_o law_n as_o that_o which_o the_o lord_n or_o guardian_n have_v till_o his_o ward_n be_v of_o full_a age_n the_o like_a by_o elegit_fw-la ground_v upon_o a_o statute_n ed._n 1._o upon_o a_o recovery_n of_o debt_n trespass_n or_o acknowledgement_n of_o debt_n in_o the_o chancery_n or_o before_o a_o judge_n the_o like_a estate_n for_o year_n by_o law_n be_v by_o the_o statute_n merchant_n or_o staple_n by_o acknowledge_v a_o debt_n before_o the_o major_a of_o the_o staple_n of_o ancient_a city_n and_o some_o special_a merchandize_v to_n the_o two_o last_o estate_n for_o year_n create_v by_o the_o law_n be_v ordain_v for_o the_o better_a recovery_n and_o assurance_n of_o due_a debt_n but_o whether_o they_o or_o that_o of_o a_o guardian_n be_v estate_n for_o life_n by_o law_n some_o make_v question_n there_o be_v two_o other_o estate_n whereof_o so_o tenant_n by_o copy_n of_o court-roll_n first_o reckon_v tenant_n at_o will_n but_o now_o not_o so_o the_o holder_n be_v call_v tenan_n at_o will_n but_o of_o they_o although_o they_o be_v so_o term_v the_o first_o be_v now_o allow_v for_o a_o more_o ample_a estate_n by_o use_n and_o continuance_n that_o be_v to_o say_v tenant_n by_o copy_n of_o court-roll_n first_o call_v tenant_n in_o vilainage_n but_o now_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o manor_n these_o tenant_n be_v not_o to_o be_v alter_v but_o may_v renew_v their_o estate_n by_o common_a course_n the_o other_o which_o be_v the_o last_o the_o of_o tenant_n at_o will_n the_o mean_a estate_n the_o law_n allow_v of_o least_o and_o mean_a estate_n that_o the_o law_n allow_v be_v call_v tenant_n at_o will_n who_o have_v no_o long_a term_n than_o stand_v with_o the_o will_n and_o pleasure_n of_o the_o landlord_n chap._n vii_o of_o assurance_n and_o conveyance_n which_o grow_v out_o of_o these_o estate_n by_o the_o common-law_n since_o we_o see_v that_o the_o estate_n and_o interest_n of_o man_n can_v pass_v from_o one_o unto_o another_o but_o by_o descent_n or_o by_o conveyance_n it_o be_v not_o amiss_o to_o manifest_v the_o general_a course_n of_o assurance_n which_o be_v usual_a and_o admit_v by_o the_o common-law_n of_o this_o realm_n these_o estate_n have_v for_o the_o most_o part_n their_o passage_n by_o feoffment_n by_o deed_n by_o fine_a and_o release_n by_o common-recovery_n by_o will_n and_o by_o use_v feoffment_n be_v by_o livery_n and_o seisin_n feoffment_n feoffment_n that_o be_v by_o delivery_n of_o possession_n upon_o the_o land_n by_o take_v of_o turf_n and_o twig_n but_o in_o ancient_a time_n as_o bracton_n lib._n 2._o time_n how_o it_o be_v execute_v in_o ancient_a time_n show_v when_o there_o be_v no_o house_n on_o the_o land_n it_o be_v heretofore_o per_fw-la fustim_fw-la &_o per_fw-la baculum_fw-la and_o this_o livery_n by_o bracton_n be_v call_v vestimentum_fw-la donationis_fw-la thereby_o put_v the_o party_n to_o who_o the_o estate_n be_v grant_v in_o possession_n or_o some_o other_o to_o his_o use_n by_o letter_n of_o attorney_n and_o though_o this_o be_v of_o the_o possession_n only_o yet_o without_o livery_n and_o seisin_n no_o feoffment_n can_v receive_v life_n or_o force_n a_o feoffment_n be_v proper_a to_o a_o estate_n least_o a_o feoffment_n proper_a to_o a_o estate_n for_o life_n at_o the_o least_o for_o life_n at_o the_o least_o and_o so_o upward_o or_o else_o by_o grant_n of_o the_o reversion_n and_o attornament_n of_o the_o particular_a tenant_n which_o must_v be_v by_o deed_n because_o the_o possession_n pass_v not_o by_o delivery_n only_o this_o conveyance_n be_v ancient_a and_o most_o of_o force_n be_v notorious_a of_o which_o the_o country_n may_v take_v notice_n and_o be_v much_o use_v at_o this_o day_n exchange_n of_o land_n whereby_o one_o land_n exchange_n of_o land_n parcel_n of_o land_n be_v exchange_v for_o a_o other_o of_o equal_a estate_n heretofore_o much_o use_v but_o not_o now_o grant_n by_o deed_n write_v in_o paper_n concessi_fw-la grant_n by_o deed_n with_o dedi_fw-la &_o concessi_fw-la or_o parchment_n seal_v and_o deliver_v with_o these_o word_n dedi_fw-la &_o concessi_fw-la etc._n etc._n have_v be_v ancient_a and_o most_o usual_a so_o be_v it_o yet_o use_v but_o not_o so_o frequent_a especial_o in_o estate_n of_o any_o value_n a_o other_o assurance_n there_o be_v by_o fine_a which_o also_o be_v ancient_a at_o the_o first_o it_o be_v the_o agreement_n of_o party_n upon_o arbitrement_n or_o otherwise_o after_o a_o controversy_n arisen_a when_o a_o action_n be_v bring_v and_o hang_v for_o so_o be_v the_o ancient_a law_n after_o h._n 3._o his_o time_n for_o before_o and_o then_o fines_n be_v receive_v of_o many_o such_o thing_n and_o in_o such_o sort_n as_o will_v not_o be_v now_o admit_v so_o be_v it_o set_v down_o betwixt_o they_o in_o these_o word_n haec_fw-la est_fw-la finalis_fw-la concordia_fw-la that_o be_v that_o this_o be_v the_o final_a agreement_n betwixt_o such_o and_o such_o person_n therefore_o as_o some_o say_v it_o be_v call_v finis_fw-la quia_fw-la finem_fw-la imponit_fw-la litibus_fw-la because_o it_o make_v a_o end_n of_o strife_n this_o conveyance_n be_v most_o ancient_a as_o some_o hold_v it_o before_o the_o conquest_n but_o now_o use_v in_o the_o king_n court_n of_o common_a plea_n and_o principal_o in_o some_o court_n of_o record_n to_o make_v the_o assurance_n more_o forcible_a and_o certain_a the_o same_o by_o a_o statute_n make_v in_o the_o statute_n fine_n strengthen_v by_o statute_n 18_o year_n of_o edw._n 1._o be_v strengthen_v and_o by_o the_o same_o statute_n every_o person_n of_o full_a age_n of_o sound_a mind_n out_o of_o prison_n and_o within_o the_o realm_n be_v bind_v and_o conclude_v by_o a_o fine_a if_o they_o do_v not_o make_v claim_n within_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n after_o the_o fine_a levy_v but_o this_o statute_n be_v think_v too_o penal_a and_o prejudicial_a to_o man_n right_n be_v repel_v by_o another_o statute_n in_o the_o four_o and_o thirty_o year_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o and_o then_o man_n be_v at_o liberty_n as_o before_o to_o make_v their_o claim_n at_o any_o time_n but_o afterward_o this_o statute_n of_o 34_o repeal_v former_a statute_n concern_v fines_n repeal_v edw._n 3._o be_v also_o repeal_v by_o a_o statute_n in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o king_n h._n 7._o and_o also_o by_o a_o statute_n in_o the_o 32_o h._n 8._o fine_n be_v make_v so_o strong_a that_o after_o the_o fine_a ingross_v and_o proclamation_n make_v all_o person_n after_o 5_o year_n non-claim_a be_v bind_v unless_o they_o be_v under_o age_n lunatic_a in_o prison_n or_o out_o of_o the_o land_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o fine_a levy_v and_o by_o this_o statute_n of_o 32_o h._n 8._o tenant_n in_o tail_n may_v bar_v his_o issue_n which_o before_o he_o can_v not_o by_o reason_n the_o statute_n of_o 13_o edwardi_fw-la 1._o provide_v he_o shall_v not_o bind_v he_o by_o any_o act_n another_o conveyance_n there_o be_v now_o conveyance_n common-recoverie_n a_o undoer_n of_o former_a conveyance_n much_o in_o use_n yet_o not_o very_o ancient_a which_o may_v be_v call_v a_o pick-lock_n or_o a_o undoer_n of_o former_a assurance_n this_o be_v call_v a_o common-recovery_n and_o be_v never_o use_v till_o about_o the_o 12_o year_n of_o ed._n the_o 4._o it_o be_v not_o warrant_v by_o any_o statute_n but_o a_o invention_n first_o ground_v upon_o a_o mere_a conceit_n now_o hold_v the_o strong_a conveyance_n the_o invention_n be_v that_o the_o issue_n common-recovery_n the_o fraudulent_a invention_n of_o common-recovery_n in_o tail_n or_o he_o in_o the_o reversion_n or_o remainder_n upon_o a_o tail_n shall_v be_v bar_v of_o his_o right_n and_o estate_n by_o a_o recovery_n against_o the_o tenant_n in_o tail_n wherein_o tenant_n in_o tail_n upon_o a_o suppose_a warranty_n do_v vouch_v a_o estranger_fw-fr because_o the_o issue_n or_o he_o in_o the_o reversion_n by_o this_o voucher_n be_v suppose_v to_o have_v a_o recompense_n in_o satisfaction_n of_o his_o estate_n which_o be_v not_o so_o indeed_o this_o be_v then_o but_o a_o mere_a collusion_n and_o indeed_o the_o most_o injurious_a conveyance_n that_o the_o law_n do_v allow_v of_o to_o cut_v off_o man_n title_n and_o possibility_n without_o their_o privity_n or_o satisfaction_n this_o conveyance_n be_v use_v only_o to_o cut_v off_o the_o reversion_n or_o remainder_n depend_v
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