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A48871 An abridgment of Mr. Locke's Essay concerning humane [sic] understanding; Essay concerning human understanding Locke, John, 1632-1704.; Wynne, John, 1667-1743. 1696 (1696) Wing L2735; ESTC R23044 115,066 330

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Examination Until that be done there will be always these Two ways left of evading the most apparent Probabilities First That the Arguments being brought in Words there may be a fallacy latent in them and the consequences being perhaps many in train may be some of them incoherent There are few Discourses so short and clear to which Men may not with satisfaction enough to themselves raise this Doubt and from whose Conviction they may not without reproach of Disingenuity or Unreasonableness set themselves free Secondly Manifest Probabilities may be evaded upon this Suggestion that I know not yet all that may be said on the contrary side and therefore thô a Man be beaten it is not necessary he should yield not knowing what Forces there are in reserve behind Fourthly Authority or the giving up our Assent to the common received Opinions either of our Friends or Party Neighbourhood or Country How many Men have no other ground for their Tenents than the supposed Honesty or Learning or Number of those of the same Profession As if Honest or Bookish Men could not err or Truth were to be established by the Vote of the Multitude Yet this with most Men serves the turn All Men are liable to Error and most Men are in many points by Passion or Interest under temptation to it This is certain that there is not an Opinion so absurd which a Man may not receive upon this ground There is no Error to be named which has not had its Professors And a Man shall never want crooked paths to walk in if he thinks that he is in the right way wherever he has the Footsteps of others to follow But notwithstanding the great noise is made in the World about Errors and Opinions I must do Mankind that right as to say there are not so many Men in Errors and wrong Opinions as is commonly supposed not that I think they embrace the Truth but indeed because concerning those Doctrines they keep such a stirr about they have no Thought no Opinion at all For if any one should a little Catechize the greatest part of the Partisans of most of the Sects in the World he would not find concerning those matters they are so zealous for that they have any Opinions of their own Much less would he have reason to think that they took them upon the examination of Arguments and appearance of Probability They are resolved to stick to a Party that Education or Interest has engaged them in and there like the common Soldiers of an Army shew their Courage and Warmth as their Leaders direct without ever examining or so much as knowing the Cause they contend for CHAP. XX. Of the Division of the Sciences ALL that can fall within the compass of Humane Understanding being either First The Nature of Things their Relations and their manner of Operation Or Secondly That which Man himself ought to do as a rational and voluntary Agent for the attainment of any End especially Happiness Or Thirdly The ways and means whereby the Knowledge of both of these are attained and communicated I think Science may be properly divided into these Three Sorts First The Knowledge of Things Their Constitutions Properties and Operations whether Material or Immaterial This in a litt●e more enlarged Sense of the Word I call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Natural Philosophy The end of this is bare Speculative Truth and whatsoever can afford the Mind of Man any such falls under this branch whether it be God himself Angels Spirits Bodies or any of their Affections as Number Figure c. Secondly 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The skill of Right applying our own Powers and Actions for the attainment of Things good and useful The most considerable under this head is Ethicks which is the seeking out those Rules and Measures of humane Actions which lead to Happiness and the means to practise them The end of this is not bare Speculation but Right and a Conduct suitable thereto Thirdly 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Or the Doctrine of Signs the most usual being Words it is aptly enough termed Logick The Business whereof is to consider the nature of Signs which the Mind makes use of for the Understanding of Things or conveying its Knowledge to others Things are represented to the Mind by Ideas and Mens Ideas are communicated to one another by Articulate Sounds or Words The Consideration then of Ideas and Words as the great Instruments of Knowledge makes no despicable part of their Contemplation who would take a view of Humane Knowledge in the whole Extent of it This seems to me the First and most general as well as natural Division of the Objects of our Understanding For a Man can employ his Thoughts about nothing but either the Contemplation of Things themselves for the discovery of Truth or about the Things in his own Power which are his Actions for the attainment of his own Ends or the Signs the Mind makes use of both in the one and the other and the right ordering of them for its clearer Information All which Three viz. Things as they are in themselves Knowable Actions as they depend on us in order to Happiness and the right use of Signs in order to Knowledge being Toto Coelo different they seemed to me to be the Three great Provinces of the Intellectual World wholly separate and distinct one from another FINIS THE CONTENTS OF THE Second BOOK THe Introduction Page 1 Chap. I. Of Ideas in General and their Original 7 Chap. II. Of Simple Ideas 13 Chap. III. Of Ideas of one Sense 14 Chap. IV. Of Solidity 15 Chap. 5. Of Simple Ideas of divers Senses 18 Chap. 6. Of Simple Ideas of Reflection 19 Chap. 7. Of Simple Ideas of Sensation and Reflection 19 Chap. 8. Some farther Considerations concerning Simple Ideas 24 Chap. 9. Of Perception 31 Chap. 10. Of Retention 34 Chap. 11. Of Discerning and other Operations of the Mind 37 Chap. 12. Of Complex Ideas 41 Chap. 13. Of Simple Modes and first of the Simple Modes of Space 44 Chap. 14. Of Duration and its Simple Modes 47 Chap. 15. Of Duration and Expansion considered together 51 Chap. 16. Of Numbers 53 Chap. 17. Of Infinity 54 Chap. 18. Of other Simple Modes 58 Chap. 19. Of the Modes of Thinking 59 Chap. 20. The Modes of Pleasure and Pain 61 Chap. 21. Of Power 64 Chap. 22. Of Mixed Modes 71 Chap. 23. Of our Complex Ideas of Substances 77 Chap. 24. Of Collective Ideas of Substances 83 Chap. 25. Of Relation 84 Chap. 26. Of Cause and Effect and other Relations 86 Chap. 27. Of Identity and Diversity 89 Chap. 28. Of other Relations 97 Chap. 29. Of Clear Obscure Distinct and confused Ideas 104 Chap. 30. Of Real and Fantastical Ideas 108 Chap. 31. Of Ideas Adequate or Inadequate 110 Chap. 32. Of True and False Ideas 114 THE CONTENTS OF THE Third BOOK Chap. 1. OF Words or Language in General Page 121 Chap. 2. Of the Signification of Words 124 Chap. 3. Of General Terms 128 Chap. 4 Of the Names of Simple Ideas 137 Chap. 5. Of the Names of Mixed Modes and Relations 141 Chap. 6. Of the Names of Substances 145 Chap. 7. Of Particles 153 Chap. 8. Of Abstract and Concrete Terms 156 Chap. 9. Of the Imperfection of Words 158 Chap. 10. Of the Abuse of Words 163 Chap. 11. Of the Remedies of the foregoing Imperfections and Abuses 174 THE CONTENTS OF THE Fourth BOOK Chap. 1. OF Knowledge in General Page 180 Chap. 2. Of the Degrees of our Knowledge 185 Chap. 3. Of the Extent of Humane Knowledge 194 Chap. 4. Of the Reality of our Knowledge 213 Chap. 5. Of Truth in General 220 Chap. 6. Of Universal Propositions their Truth and Certainty 223 Chap. 7. Of Maxims 229 Chap. 8. Of Trifling Propositions 237 Chap. 9. Of our Knowledge of Existence 241 Chap. 10. Of our Knowledge of the Existence of a God 243 Chap. 11. Of our Knowledge of the Existence other Things 250 Chap. 12. Of the Improvement of our Knowledge 258 Chap. 13. Some farther Considerations concerning Knowledge 267 Chap. 14. Of Judgment 269 Chap. 15. Of Probability 271 Chap. 16. Of the Degrees of Assent 273 Chap. 17. Of Reason 283 Chap. 18. Of Faith and Reason and their distinct Provinces 292 Chap. 19. Of wrong Assent or Error 299 Chap. 20. Of the Division of the Sciences 308 Books Printed for and Sold by A. and J. Churchill at the Black Swan in Pater-noster-Row A View of Universal History from the Creation to the Year of Christ 1695. By Francis Tallents sometime Fellow of Magdalen Colledge Cambridge The whole Graven in 16 Copper-Plates each 15 Inches deep and 12 broad bound up into Books the Sheets lined Price 16s The General Hist of the Air. By R. Boyl Esq 4to A Compleat Journal of the Votes Speeches and Debates both of the House of Lords and Commons throughout the whole Reign of Queen Elizabeth Collected by Sir Simonds Dewes Baronet and Published by Paul Bowes of the Middle Temple Esq The 2d Edit Fol. The Works of the Famous Nith Machiavel Citizen and Secretary of Florence Written Originally in Italian and from thence faithfully Translated into Eng. Fol. Mr. Lock 's Essay concerning Humane Understanding The 3d Edition with large Additions Fol. His Thoughts of Education Octav. Two Treatises of Government The First an Answer to Filmer's Patriarcha The Later an Essay concerning the true Original Extent and End of Civil Government Octav. The Resurrection of the same Body asserted from the Tradition of the Heathens the Ancient Jews and the Primitive Church With an Answer to the Objections brought against it By Humphry Hody D. D. Considerations about lowering the Interest and raising the Value of Money Oct. 3d Par. By Mr. Lock Two Treatises of Natural Religion Octav. Gentleman's Religion with the Grounds and Reasons of it Sermons Preached by Dr. R. Leighton late Arch-Bishop of Glasgow The Second Edi. Oct The Reasonableness of Christianity as delivered in the Scriptures Octav. Prince Arthur an Heroick Poem In Ten Books By R. Blackmore M. D. Fellow of the Colledge of Physicians London Fol.