second_o he_o gives_z we_o in_o his_o prologue_n to_o his_o treatise_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n this_o testimony_n leges_fw-la namque_fw-la anglicanas_fw-la liceâ—â—on_fw-la scriptas_fw-la leges_fw-la appellari_fw-la non_fw-la videtur_fw-la absurdum_fw-la cum_fw-la boc_fw-la ipsum_fw-la lex_fw-la sit_fw-la quod_fw-la principi_fw-la placet_fw-la &_o legis_fw-la habet_fw-la vigorem_fw-la â—as_fw-la scilicet_fw-la quas_fw-la super_fw-la dubljs_fw-la in_o conâ—ilio_fw-la definiendis_fw-la procerum_fw-la quidem_fw-la consilio_fw-la &_o principis_fw-la accadente_fw-la authoritate_fw-la constat_fw-la esse_fw-la promulgatas_fw-la so_o likewise_o bracton_n in_o his_o very_a first_o chapter_n speak_v much_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n cum_fw-la legis_fw-la vigorem_fw-la habeat_fw-la quicquid_fw-la de_fw-la consilio_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr consâ—nsu_fw-la magnatum_fw-la &_o reipublicae_fw-la commâ—ni_fw-la sponsione_n authoritate_fw-la principis_fw-la prâ—ceâ—â—nte_fw-la justè_fw-la fuerit_fw-la definiâ—um_fw-la &_o approbatum_fw-la and_o also_o in_o his_o three_o book_n chap._n 2._o when_o he_o speak_v of_o the_o ancient_a manner_n of_o make_v law_n in_o england_n he_o say_v quae_fw-la quidem_fw-la fuerint_fw-la approbate_a concensu_fw-la utentium_fw-la &_o sacramento_n râ—gum_fw-la confirmaâ—ae_fw-la non_fw-la possunt_fw-la mutari_fw-la atâ—_n destrui_fw-la sine_fw-la communi_fw-la consensu_fw-la utentium_fw-la &_o consilio_fw-la eorum_fw-la quorum_fw-la consilio_fw-la &_o consensu_fw-la fuerint_fw-la promulgata_fw-la where_o you_o may_v see_v these_o ancient_a author_n plain_o declare_v that_o nothing_o have_v the_o force_n of_o a_o law_n in_o this_o kingdom_n but_o what_o be_v approve_v of_o and_o consent_v to_o by_o all_o order_n of_o man_n either_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o representative_n and_o which_o be_v very_o remarkable_a bracton_n suppose_v the_o king_n authority_n or_o royal_a sanction_n of_o a_o law_n may_v precede_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o great_a council_n which_o quite_o destroy_v that_o notion_n that_o it_o be_v the_o king_n give_v his_o last_o assent_n which_o give_v it_o the_o essence_n and_o vigour_n of_o a_o law_n and_o with_o these_o more_o ancient_a sage_n of_o the_o law_n fortescue_n also_o agree_v in_o his_o 9th_o chap._n dâ—_n laudibus_fw-la legum_n angliae_fw-la where_o he_o say_v rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la populum_fw-la gubernaâ—_fw-la non_fw-la mera_fw-fr potesâ—â—_n to_o regid_a sed_fw-la politica_fw-la populus_fw-la &_o enim_fw-la ijs_fw-la legibâ—_n guberâ—â—tur_fw-la quas_fw-la ipse_fw-la fert_fw-la etc._n etc._n what_o follow_v be_v word_n for_o word_n the_o same_o with_o what_o bracton_n have_v before_o in_o his_o first_o chap_n and_o therefore_o need_v not_o to_o be_v repeat_v so_o likewise_o in_o the_o 18_o chap._n speak_v of_o the_o absolute_a legislative_a power_n of_o king_n in_o some_o other_o kingdom_n he_o thus_o proceed_v sed_fw-la non_fw-la sic_fw-la angliae_fw-la statuta_fw-la oriri_fw-la possunt_fw-la dum_fw-la nelum_fw-la principis_fw-la voluntate_fw-la sed_fw-la &_o toâ—ius_fw-la regni_fw-la assensu_fw-la ipsa_fw-la conduntur_fw-la quo_fw-la populi_n laesuram_fw-la nequiunt_fw-la vel_fw-la non_fw-la eorum_fw-la commodum_fw-la procurare_fw-la but_o if_o they_o after_o prove_v inconvenient_a he_o immediate_o add_v concito_fw-la reformari_fw-la ipsa_fw-la possunt_fw-la sed_fw-la non_fw-la sine_fw-la communitatis_fw-la &_o proterum_fw-la regni_fw-la illius_fw-la assensu_fw-la quali_fw-la ipsa_fw-la primitùs_fw-la emanarunt_fw-la to_o which_o i_o may_v also_o add_v a_o authority_n out_o of_o that_o learned_a author_n st._n german_n who_o in_o his_o dialogue_n call_v the_o dr._n and_o student_n write_v in_o latin_a in_o the_o 10_o chap._n entitle_v de_fw-la sexto_fw-la fundamento_fw-la legis_fw-la angliae_fw-la the_o student_n thus_o speak_v sexium_fw-la fundamentum_fw-la legis_fw-la angliae_fw-la sâ—at_fw-la in_o diversis_fw-la statutis_fw-la per_fw-la dominum_fw-la regem_fw-la &_o progenitores_fw-la suos_fw-la &_o per_fw-la dominos_fw-la spirituales_fw-la &_o temporales_fw-la &_o per_fw-la communitatem_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la in_o parliamentis_fw-la editis_fw-la ubi_fw-la lex_fw-la rationis_fw-la lex_fw-la diviâ—a_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la maxima_fw-la sive_fw-la alia_fw-la fundamenta_fw-la legis_fw-la anglia_fw-it prià s_o sufficere_fw-la minimè_fw-la videbantur_fw-la where_o you_o see_v the_o legislative_a power_n be_v here_o attribute_v to_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o joint_o with_o the_o king_n and_o therefore_o my_o lord_n coke_n in_o his_o note_n upon_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n i_o call_v it_o a_o complete_a parliament_n as_o consist_v of_o all_o the_o estate_n necessary_a thereunto_o for_o say_v he_o a_o parliament_n concern_v make_v or_o enact_v law_n consist_v of_o the_o king_n the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a and_o commons_o and_o 〈◊〉_d be_v no_o act_n of_o parliament_n unless_o it_o be_v make_v by_o the_o king_n lord_n and_o commons_z m._n i_o shall_v not_o much_o concern_v myself_o with_o what_o your_o common_a lawyer_n either_o ancient_a or_o modern_a have_v write_v upon_o this_o matter_n much_o less_o what_o sir_n edward_n coke_n a_o know_a enemy_n to_o the_o king_n prerogative_n do_v maintain_v since_o i_o have_v as_o good_a or_o a_o better_a authority_n than_o he_o b._n viz._n that_o of_o the_o year-book_n of_o 22_o ed._n 3._o wherein_o it_o be_v express_o declare_v by_o divers_a earl_n and_o baron_n and_o by_o all_o the_o justice_n in_o the_o case_n of_o one_o headlow_n and_o his_o wife_n who_o have_v a_o suit_n with_o the_o king_n that_o the_o king_n make_v the_o law_n by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o and_o not_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o and_o that_o he_o can_v have_v no_o peer_n in_o his_o own_o land_n and_o that_o the_o king_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v judge_v by_o they_o so_o that_o it_o be_v i_o think_v evident_a that_o the_o law_n be_v primary_o and_o 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the_o alderman_n or_o burgess_n of_o town_n represent_v those_o which_o we_o now_o call_v the_o commons_o and_o suppose_v that_o then_o there_o be_v no_o knight_n of_o shire_n yet_o these_o be_v then_o the_o only_a proprietor_n of_o any_o considerable_a estate_n of_o land_n in_o the_o nation_n may_v very_o well_o represent_v all_o their_o vassal_n or_o vnder-tenent_n as_o tenant_n for_o year_n and_o at_o will_n be_v at_o this_o day_n by_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n though_o they_o have_v no_o vote_n at_o their_o election_n to_o conclude_v though_o i_o grant_v that_o the_o king_n be_v of_o england_n be_v the_o fountain_n of_o that_o honour_n which_o we_o call_v peerage_n yet_o it_o be_v only_o in_o pursuance_n of_o that_o ancient_a constitution_n which_o their_o ancestor_n bring_v out_o of_o old_a saxony_n and_o normandy_n along_o with_o they_o as_o the_o firm_a defence_n of_o kingly_a power_n against_o the_o insolency_n and_o encroachment_n of_o the_o common_a or_o mean_a sort_n of_o people_n as_o well_o as_o tyranny_n in_o their_o prince_n and_o therefore_o in_o all_o monarchy_n where_o there_o be_v no_o hereditary_a nobility_n the_o prince_n have_v no_o sure_a â—ay_n to_o maintain_v his_o power_n than_o by_o stand_v army_n to_o who_o humour_n and_o paction_n he_o be_v more_o subject_a and_o be_v also_o more_o liable_a to_o be_v murder_v or_o depose_v by_o they_o when_o discontent_v with_o he_o than_o ever_o any_o limit_a prince_n yet_o be_v or_o can_v be_v by_o his_o nobility_n or_o people_n as_o i_o can_v show_v you_o from_o a_o multitude_n of_o example_n not_o only_o from_o the_o roman_a but_o moorish_a arabic_a and_o turkish_a history_n and_o therefore_o to_o constitute_v a_o last_a stable_n limit_v monarchy_n as_o we_o be_v it_o must_v be_v according_a to_o the_o model_n i_o have_v here_o propose_v m._n i_o shall_v not_o contradict_v the_o latter_a part_n of_o your_o discourse_n but_o i_o must_v free_o tell_v you_o that_o if_o as_o you_o yourself_o grant_v 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brady_n have_v very_o well_o prove_v against_o mr._n petyt_n and_o i_o think_v i_o can_v convince_v you_o also_o of_o the_o truth_n of_o it_o by_o he_o as_o well_o as_o other_o argument_n be_v it_o not_o now_o too_o late_o to_o enter_v upon_o so_o long_a a_o subject_a f._n therefore_o pray_v let_v we_o defer_v any_o further_a discourse_n of_o this_o question_n till_o the_o next_o time_n we_o meet_v wherein_o i_o hope_v i_o may_v show_v you_o that_o if_o you_o owe_v that_o opinion_n to_o the_o doctor_n argument_n he_o have_v lead_v you_o into_o a_o very_a gross_a mistake_n and_o i_o shall_v only_o at_o present_a take_v my_o leave_n of_o you_o and_o bid_v you_o good_a night_n m._n i_o wish_v you_o the_o like_a advertisement_n a_o brief_a discourse_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n according_a to_o the_o principle_n and_o method_n lay_v down_o in_o the_o reverend_n dr._n cumberland_n now_o lord_n bishop_n of_o peterborough_n latin_a treatise_n on_o that_o subject_a as_o also_o his_o confutation_n of_o mr._n hobb_n principle_n put_v into_o another_o method_n with_o the_o right_n reverend_a author_n approbation_n finis_fw-la bibliotheca_fw-la politica_fw-la or_o a_o discourse_n by_o way_n of_o dialogue_n whether_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n represent_v by_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n in_o parliament_n be_v one_o of_o the_o three_o estate_n in_o parliament_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n iii_o or_o 18_o of_o edw._n i._n collect_v out_o of_o the_o most_o approve_a author_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a dialogue_n the_o six_o london_n print_v for_o r._n baldwin_n in_o warwick-lane_n near_o the_o oxford-arm_n where_o also_o may_v be_v have_v the_o first_o second_o third_z four_o and_o five_o dialogue_n 1693._o author_n make_v use_v of_o and_o how_o denote_v 1._o mr._n pettit_n ancient_n right_o of_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n asserted_n p.r.c._n 2._o dr._n brady_n answer_n thereunto_o edit_fw-la in_o folio_n b._n a._n p._n 3._o the_o say_v doctor_n be_v glossary_a at_o the_o end_n of_o it_o b._n g._n 4._o anamadversion_n upon_o treatise_n janii_n anglorum_fw-la force_n novo_fw-la b._n a._n i._n 5._o the_o author_n of_o janus_n etc._n etc._n his_o confutation_n of_o the_o say_a doctor_n entitle_v janus_n anglorum_fw-la ab_fw-la antique_a i._n a._n a._n 6._o dr._n brady_n preface_n to_o his_o history_n b._n p._n h._n 7._o dr._n iohnston_n excellency_n of_o monarchical_a government_n i._o e._n m._n g._n the_o preface_n to_o the_o reader_n have_v in_o my_o last_o discourse_n treat_v of_o the_o legislative_a power_n of_o this_o kingdom_n as_o also_o the_o ancient_a constitution_n of_o our_o english_a government_n by_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n the_o former_a of_o which_o question_n i_o shall_v scarce_o have_v dwell_v so_o long_o upon_o have_v i_o then_o know_v of_o a_o learned_a treatise_n now_o 〈◊〉_d to_o be_v publish_v on_o that_o subject_a i_o be_o at_o last_o arrive_v at_o the_o hard_a and_o most_o important_a though_o perhaps_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o some_o the_o dry_a and_o most_o unpleasant_a part_n of_o my_o task_n viz._n who_o be_v ancient_o the_o constituent_a part_n or_o order_n of_o man_n who_o make_v up_o thâ—se_a assembly_n that_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n and_o chief_z thanes_z or_o baron_n be_v principal_a member_n be_v grant_v by_o all_o party_n but_o whether_o there_o be_v from_o the_o very_a original_a of_o these_o great_a council_n nay_o till_o long_o after_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n any_o representative_n for_o the_o commons_o as_o we_o now_o call_v they_o in_o distinction_n from_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a be_v a_o doubt_n which_o as_o it_o be_v for_o aught_o i_o can_v find_v first_o raise_v by_o a_o italian_a virgil._n who_o write_v the_o history_n of_o england_n in_o the_o last_o age_n so_o have_v it_o be_v continue_v by_o some_o antiquary_n of_o our_o present_a age_n though_o the_o first_o that_o ever_o appear_v to_o prove_v the_o contrary_a be_v a_o treatise_n publish_v by_o james_n howel_n in_o the_o cottoni_fw-la posthuma_n under_o the_o name_n of_o sir_n robert_n cotton_n about_o 1654._o but_o whether_o it_o be_v he_o or_o no_o i_o know_v not_o only_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v so_o by_o mr._n pryn_n in_o his_o preface_n to_o the_o collection_n of_o record_n which_o he_o publish_v under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o same_o author_n in_o 1657._o and_o after_o he_o this_o notion_n of_o the_o bishop_n lord_n and_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v the_o sole_a representative_a for_o the_o whole_a nation_n in_o those_o council_n be_v next_o print_v in_o the_o second_o part_n of_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n glossary_a tit._n parliamentum_fw-la where_o king_n john_n charter_n be_v make_v use_n of_o at_o the_o main_a argument_n to_o prove_v that_o assertion_n the_o next_o who_o appear_v in_o prâ—nt_n on_o
with_o the_o advice_n and_o assistance_n of_o their_o wite_n or_o wiseman_n simple_o without_o mention_v any_o particular_a order_n of_o man_n whatsoever_o and_o when_o any_o rank_a or_o degree_n of_o man_n be_v particular_o mention_v they_o be_v only_o the_o same_o before_o rehearse_v both_o ecclesiastic_n and_o laic_n 2._o i_o note_v that_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o in_o every_o one_o of_o these_o wittena_n gâ—motes_n micel_v synod_n micel_v gemote_n or_o great_a council_n where_o the_o law_n be_v say_v to_o be_v make_v only_o by_o the_o king_n with_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o wites_z or_o sapientes_fw-la without_o particularise_v any_o degree_n of_o person_n the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n for_o the_o spiritual_a nobility_n and_o the_o eorl_n or_o alderman_n and_o thanes_z for_o the_o temporal_a be_v present_a at_o the_o make_n of_o they_o as_o also_o the_o judge_n if_o there_o be_v any_o of_o the_o high_a class_n other_o than_o bishop_n aldermen_z and_o gereve_n or_o praepositi_fw-la 3._o i_o note_v that_o it_o follow_v from_o thence_o that_o these_o all_o joint_o be_v the_o sapientes_fw-la where_o there_o be_v only_o wites_z or_o sapientes_fw-la in_o general_n name_v without_o recite_v any_o particular_a order_n or_o degree_n of_o men._n now_o if_o you_o can_v show_v i_o from_o as_o good_a authority_n as_o i_o have_v here_o produce_v that_o any_o of_o the_o commons_o sit_v in_o these_o great_a council_n at_o least_o to_o represent_v the_o body_n of_o the_o commons_o among_o the_o saxon_n i_o will_v grant_v that_o during_o the_o saxon_a government_n the_o freeman_n or_o commons_o of_o england_n as_o now_o call_v and_o distinguish_v from_o the_o great_a lord_n be_v a_o essential_a constituent_a part_n of_o the_o common_a council_n of_o those_o time_n f._n to_o return_v you_o as_o short_a a_o answer_n as_o i_o can_v to_o those_o authority_n you_o now_o cite_v i_o must_v in_o the_o first_o place_n premise_v that_o though_o i_o grant_v all_o nobility_n among_o the_o ancient_a german_n saxon_n and_o frank_n who_o be_v but_o so_o many_o stirps_fw-la or_o branch_n of_o the_o gothic_a nation_n be_v at_o first_o whole_o military_a yet_o it_o be_v a_o very_a great_a mistake_n and_o savour_v of_o the_o prejudices_fw-la of_o the_o age_n and_o country_n we_o live_v in_o to_o imagine_v that_o ancient_o there_o be_v the_o same_o distinction_n between_o peer_n or_o nobleman_n and_o gentleman_n who_o we_o now_o call_v commoner_n as_o there_o be_v now_o for_o if_o we_o go_v but_o over_o into_o france_n or_o germany_n we_o shall_v find_v no_o difference_n there_o between_o the_o great_a and_o the_o less_o nobility_n and_o a_o gentleman_n be_v as_o noble_a as_o a_o dâ—ke_n or_o a_o marquis_n and_o if_o we_o pass_v far_o into_o denmark_n and_o norway_n from_o whence_o most_o of_o the_o danish_a law_n be_v suppose_v to_o come_v it_o be_v certain_a that_o but_o few_o year_n ago_o there_o be_v no_o such_o title_n among_o they_o as_o earl_n or_o baron_n every_o lord_n of_o a_o town_n or_o district_n be_v that_o which_o they_o call_v a_o adelman_n or_o nobleman_n and_o so_o i_o suppose_v it_o ancient_o be_v among_o the_o english_a saxon_n the_o word_n athel_n or_o adel_n comprehend_v to_o speak_v in_o our_o present_a dialect_n all_o degree_n as_o well_o nobleman_n as_o gentleman_n and_o for_o this_o i_o can_v give_v you_o the_o authority_n of_o a_o ancient_a author_n viz._n paulus_n warnefridus_n de_fw-fr gestis_fw-la longobardorum_fw-la 21._o who_o speak_v of_o these_o adelman_n or_o adeling_n tell_v we_o sic_fw-la and_o eos_fw-la quidam_fw-la nobiles_fw-la prosapia_fw-la vocabantur_fw-la so_o likewise_o sir_n h._n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_n tit._n adelingi_n tit._n p._n 9_o 10._o write_v thus_o anglorum_fw-la legibus_fw-la dici_fw-la pro_fw-la nobilibus_fw-la in_o genere_fw-la quod_fw-la nec_fw-la dum_fw-la apud_fw-la germanos_fw-la antiquatum_fw-la est_fw-la qui_fw-la omnes_fw-la nobiles_fw-la aedelman_n vocant_fw-la a_o saxonico_n aedel_n pro_fw-la nobili_fw-la and_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n make_v the_o word_n aethelum_n to_o signify_v all_o one_o 708._o either_o gentleman_n or_o nobleman_n beside_o adam_n of_o bremen_n and_o 4._o nitardus_fw-la likewise_o both_o ancient_a historian_n divide_v the_o saxon_a nation_n into_o three_o different_a degree_n or_o order_n viz_o into_o atheling_n i._n e._n noble_n friling_n i._n e._n freemen_n and_o lazzos_n i._n e._n villain_n bours_z or_o bondman_n beside_o which_o nobleman_n or_o gentleman_n there_o be_v likewise_o another_o sort_n of_o man_n who_o though_o of_o a_o inferior_a rank_n yet_o as_o freeman_n and_o have_v a_o considerable_a share_n of_o the_o riches_n and_o strength_n of_o the_o nation_n in_o their_o hand_n have_v likewise_o a_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n as_o well_o as_o the_o former_a and_o these_o be_v the_o alderman_n or_o other_o magistrate_n of_o city_n and_o burrough_n and_o in_o this_o they_o resemble_v the_o german_a diet_n who_o constituent_a member_n be_v according_a to_o gonterus_fw-la a_o ancient_a german_a poet_n praelati_fw-la proceres_fw-la missisque_fw-la potentibus_fw-la urbes_fw-la but_o since_o this_o be_v a_o dispute_n about_o the_o signification_n of_o word_n in_o what_o sense_n they_o be_v use_v in_o that_o age_n we_o be_v now_o treat_v of_o it_o will_v not_o be_v inconvenient_a to_o examine_v from_o the_o most_o learned_a glossarist_n the_o ancient_a signification_n of_o those_o word_n which_o be_v in_o dispute_n between_o we_o and_o therefore_o since_o we_o be_v agree_v about_o the_o meaning_n of_o all_o other_o word_n except_o these_o viz._n alderman_n thanes_z wites_z magnates_n optimates_fw-la and_o principes_fw-la preceres_fw-la or_o primate_fw-la let_v we_o examine_v each_o of_o their_o ancient_a signification_n to_o begin_v then_o with_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d man_n alderman_n which_o word_n be_v of_o a_o very_a general_a signification_n for_o sir_n hen._n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_n tit._n alderman_n tell_v we_o that_o there_o be_v aldermannus_n regis_n comitatus_fw-la civitatis_fw-la burgi_n etc._n etc._n de_fw-fr quorum_fw-la potestate_fw-la non_fw-la facile_fw-la est_fw-la definire_fw-la alderman_n mr._n lambard_n render_v the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d man_n in_o latin_a senator_n i._n e._n one_o that_o have_v place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n and_o so_o do_v mr._n somner_n in_o his_o saxon_a dictionary_n from_o whence_o you_o may_v learn_v that_o this_o word_n be_v of_o a_o large_a signification_n and_o may_v comprehend_v such_o as_o in_o latter_a time_n be_v call_v commons_o alderman_n to_o distinguish_v they_o from_o the_o lord_n or_o high_a nobility_n and_o can_v not_o exclude_v they_o verstegan_n render_v this_o word_n thus_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d so_o write_v in_o our_o ancient_a language_n 326._o be_v proper_o a_o elder_a or_o senior_n yet_o a_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d man_n which_o we_o call_v now_o a_o alderman_n be_v such_o in_o effect_n among_o our_o ancestor_n as_o be_v the_o tribunus_n plebis_fw-la with_o the_o roman_n that_o be_v one_o that_o have_v chief_a jurisdiction_n among_o the_o commons_o as_o be_v a_o maintainer_n of_o their_o liberty_n and_o if_o so_o such_o person_n must_v certain_o have_v have_v a_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n as_o commoner_n and_o therefore_o must_v from_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o thing_n signify_v something_o more_o in_o those_o time_n than_o a_o earl_n or_o great_a officer_n of_o the_o king_n only_o so_o likewise_o that_o the_o word_n thane_n comprehend_v more_o than_o the_o king_n great_a feudal_n or_o military_a tenant_n may_v appear_v by_o these_o interpretation_n of_o it_o which_o our_o antiquary_n have_v give_v we_o the_o industrious_a mr._n somner_n in_o his_o glossary_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o x._o scriptores_fw-la as_o also_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n 267._o do_v both_o agree_v in_o the_o difference_n i_o now_o make_v between_o the_o great_a and_o the_o less_o thanes_z the_o former_a be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d thani_fw-la regii_fw-la 69._o the_o other_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d mediocres_fw-la vel_fw-la inferiores_fw-la thani_fw-la middle_n or_o less_o thanes_z who_o be_v maneriorum_fw-la domini_fw-la nobiles_fw-la miâ—â—â—es_fw-la vavasores_fw-la &_o nonnunquam_fw-la liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la with_o who_o sir_n h._n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_n agree_v thanorum_fw-la duo_fw-la erant_fw-la genera_fw-la majores_fw-la quos_fw-la thainâ—s_fw-la regis_fw-la appellabant_fw-la nos_fw-la barones_n regis_fw-la &_o thaini_fw-la simpliciter_fw-la seu_fw-la thaini_fw-la minores_fw-la quâ—_n iidem_fw-la erant_fw-la qui_fw-la barones_n minores_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la maneriorum_fw-la domini_fw-la nobiles_fw-la minores_fw-la &_o nonnunquam_fw-la liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la nuncupantur_fw-la so_o likewise_o mr._n lambard_n in_o his_o glossary_n 223._o thus_o thani_fw-la autem_fw-la appellatione_fw-la viri_fw-la interdum_fw-la nobiles_fw-la interdum_fw-la liberae_fw-la conditionis_fw-la homines_fw-la interdum_fw-la magistratus_fw-la
errant_a slave_n and_o vassal_n notwithstanding_o their_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o the_o mean_a person_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o be_v tax_v as_o you_o will_v have_v it_o at_o the_o will_n of_o his_o superior_a lord_n which_o whether_o so_o great_a and_o powerful_a a_o body_n of_o man_n will_v ever_o have_v suffer_v i_o leave_v to_o any_o indifferent_a person_n to_o judge_v m._n i_o grant_v this_o may_v now_o appear_v somewhat_o hard_o yet_o since_o it_o be_v the_o receive_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n it_o be_v not_o then_o look_v upon_o as_o a_o grievance_n and_o it_o be_v then_o no_o more_o unjust_a than_o it_o be_v now_o that_o person_n under_o forty_o shilling_n a_o year_n though_o of_o never_o so_o good_a estate_n in_o money_n or_o stock_n or_o that_o tenant_n for_o year_n or_o for_o the_o life_n of_o another_o shall_v at_o this_o day_n have_v no_o vote_n at_o the_o election_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n and_o consequent_o be_v without_o any_o representative_n in_o parliament_n of_o their_o own_o choice_n and_o yet_o be_v subject_a to_o all_o law_n and_o tax_n though_o never_o so_o great_a when_o make_v and_o impose_v by_o the_o king_n in_o parliament_n and_o i_o be_o able_a to_o give_v you_o divers_a good_a authority_n to_o prove_v that_o even_o london_n itself_o and_o all_o other_o city_n and_o town_n which_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o be_v call_v his_o demesne_n be_v often_o tax_v by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n out_o of_o parliament_n before_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la and_o i_o think_v dr._n b._n have_v prove_v this_o beyond_o exception_n in_o his_o animadversion_n upon_o mr._n a_n jani_fw-la anglorum_fw-la facies_fw-la noâ—e_fw-la and_o he_o there_o give_v we_o the_o record_n itself_o of_o 39_o hen._n iii_o now_o in_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o king_n remembrancer_n of_o the_o exchequer_n that_o the_o king_n do_v that_o year_n as_o he_o have_v divers_a time_n before_o talliate_v or_o tax_v all_o his_o demesne_n land_n in_o england_n and_o then_o likewise_o demand_v of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n the_o sum_n of_o 3000_o mark_n in_o name_n of_o the_o talliage_n or_o tax_n so_o lay_v and_o the_o mayor_n and_o citizen_n at_o last_o yield_v after_o a_o great_a contest_v it_o appear_v upon_o search_n of_o the_o roll_n in_o the_o ezchequer_n that_o the_o citizen_n of_o london_n have_v be_v several_a time_n before_o so_o tax_v in_o the_o reign_v of_o king_n john_n and_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o so_o they_o pay_v at_o last_o the_o sum_n which_o the_o king_n demand_v by_o which_o you_o see_v that_o the_o great_a and_o rich_a city_n and_o town_n in_o england_n be_v tax_v at_o the_o king_n will_n nay_o i_o think_v i_o be_o able_a to_o prove_v be_v it_o now_o necessary_a that_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v often_o tax_v by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n only_o before_o the_o grant_n of_o king_n john_n magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la above_o mention_v but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o matter_n from_o which_o you_o force_v i_o to_o digress_v i_o think_v nothing_o be_v more_o plain_a than_o that_o our_o ancient_a parliament_n be_v only_o the_o king_n court_n baron_n for_o the_o dispatch_n of_o the_o public_a affair_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o in_o which_o as_o in_o the_o lesser_a court_n baroa_n or_o court_n of_o manor_n the_o suitor_n or_o tenant_n be_v together_o with_o the_o lord_n or_o his_o steward_n the_o sole_a judge_n so_o that_o at_o first_o after_o the_o conquest_n it_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n alone_o as_o the_o supreme_a lord_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o appoint_v or_o call_v which_o or_o what_o sort_n of_o those_o tenant_n be_v please_v to_o attend_v he_o with_o their_o aid_n and_o advice_n at_o his_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n and_o i_o think_v nothing_o be_v more_o evident_a as_o i_o shall_v prove_v more_o at_o large_a from_o our_o ancient_a history_n record_n and_o statute_n then_o that_o before_o the_o 49th_o hen._n iii_o and_o some_o year_n also_o after_o that_o time_n none_o but_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n earl_n and_o great_a baron_n and_o some_o of_o the_o less_o call_v in_o king_n john_n charter_n the_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la then_o constitute_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o parliament_n under_o â—he_n title_n of_o baronagium_fw-la angliae_fw-la or_o communitas_fw-la or_o universitas_fw-la baronagii_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o for_o this_o i_o can_v give_v you_o so_o good_a authority_n that_o nothing_o but_o more_o cogent_n and_o evident_a proof_n can_v bring_v i_o from_o this_o opinion_n and_o therefore_o i_o must_v tell_v you_o i_o do_v not_o value_v those_o loose_a and_o inconsiderate_a expression_n of_o historian_n either_o before_o or_o after_o that_o time_n f._n i_o see_v the_o testimony_n of_o historian_n be_v of_o no_o credit_n if_o they_o make_v against_o your_o hypothesis_n but_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o your_o mistake_v about_o the_o king_n tax_v anon_o but_o the_o main_a force_n of_o your_o argument_n lie_v in_o the_o signification_n of_o those_o latin_a word_n you_o have_v last_o mention_v and_o which_o i_o must_v needs_o tell_v you_o i_o think_v you_o take_v in_o too_o strict_a a_o sense_n 108._o for_o first_o as_o to_o the_o word_n baro_n i_o grant_v it_o be_v not_o much_o in_o use_n before_o william_n i._o obtain_v the_o english_a diadem_n baro_n say_v camden_n britanni_n pro_fw-la svo_fw-la non_fw-la agnoscum_fw-la in_o anglosaxonicis_a legibus_fw-la nusquam_fw-la comparet_fw-la 121._o nec_fw-la in_o aâ—frici_fw-la glossario_fw-la saxonico_n inter_fw-la dignitatum_fw-la vocabula_fw-la habetur_fw-la for_o the_o english_a saxon_n call_v those_o in_o their_o own_o language_n aealderman_n which_o in_o latin_a be_v name_v comites_fw-la and_o by_o the_o dane_n earl_n but_o it_o be_v of_o so_o extensive_a a_o import_n in_o its_o signification_n that_o we_o read_v 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well_o as_o offensive_a arm_n be_v express_o forbid_v and_o condemn_v f._n i_o think_v i_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o make_v out_o notwithstanding_o what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v that_o all_o resistance_n of_o the_o king_n or_o those_o commission_v by_o â—im_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v treason_n as_o you_o suppose_v that_o it_o be_v every_o man_n duty_n to_o oppose_v he_o in_o case_n he_o go_v about_o to_o set_v up_o instead_o of_o a_o legal_a monarchy_n a_o tyrannical_a arbitrary_a power_n in_o this_o nation_n since_o this_o be_v but_o to_o preserve_v the_o original_a constitution_n of_o parliament_n which_o in_o some_o case_n can_v be_v maintain_v without_o such_o a_o resistance_n be_v allow_v but_o to_o proceed_v to_o the_o authority_n you_o bring_v from_o our_o statute_n as_o for_o the_o first_o you_o urge_v
particular_o to_o the_o 55_o the_o law_n of_o william_n the_o first_o part_n of_o which_o i_o have_v already_o cite_v it_o begin_v thus_o volumus_fw-la etiam_fw-la ac_fw-la firmiter_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la &_o concedimus_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la totius_fw-la monarchiae_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la praedicti_fw-la habeaâ—t_fw-la &_o teneant_fw-la terras_fw-la svas_fw-la &_o pâ—ssessiones_fw-la svas_fw-la bene_fw-la &_o in_o pace_n libere_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la exactione_n injusta_fw-la &_o ab_fw-la omni_fw-la tallagio_n ita_fw-la quod_fw-la nihil_fw-la ab_fw-la ois_fw-la exigatur_fw-la vel_fw-la capiatur_fw-la nisi_fw-la servitium_n suum_fw-la liberum_fw-la quod_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la nobis_fw-la facere_fw-la debent_fw-la &_o facere_fw-la tenentur_fw-la &_o prout_fw-la statutum_fw-la est_fw-la eye_n etc._n etc._n so_o that_o whatsoever_o be_v do_v at_o any_o time_n contrary_a to_o this_o statute_n be_v illegal_a and_o consequent_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v quote_v as_o any_o part_n of_o the_o king_n prerogative_n but_o that_o the_o nobility_n and_o people_n of_o england_n have_v divers_a right_n and_o liberty_n before_o the_o time_n of_o king_n john_n and_o of_o his_o grant_v that_o charter_n appear_v by_o its_o conclusion_n in_o these_o word_n 30._o salvis_fw-la archiepiscopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la prioribus_fw-la templariis_fw-la hospitalarâ—is_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la aliis_fw-la tam_fw-la ecclesiasticis_fw-la personis_fw-la quam_fw-la secâ—laribus_fw-la libertatibus_fw-la quas_fw-la prius_fw-la habâ—erunt_fw-la and_o as_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o liberty_n grant_v by_o this_o charter_n though_o they_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v grant_v from_o the_o king_n be_v mere_a good_a will_n yet_o that_o be_v recite_v only_o to_o make_v it_o more_o strong_a against_o himself_o since_o the_o nobility_n and_o people_n of_o england_n claim_v those_o liberty_n as_o their_o ancient_a 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of_o hen._n 6._o c._n 1._o where_o it_o be_v recite_v in_o the_o preamble_n that_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n will_v gracious_o to_o provide_v for_o the_o security_n and_o quiet_a of_o the_o say_a prelate_n and_o clergy_n at_o the_o supplication_n of_o the_o say_a prelate_n etc._n etc._n and_o of_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o great_a man_n and_o commons_o aforesaid_a have_v ordain_v and_o establishse_v where_o you_o may_v see_v that_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o prelate_n be_v not_o here_o at_o all_o mention_v because_o it_o be_v needless_a as_o be_v make_v at_o their_o request_n and_o if_o pray_v and_o request_v shall_v destroy_v the_o legislative_a power_n i_o doubt_v whether_o edw._n 3d._n do_v not_o give_v away_o he_o when_o in_o his_o 14_o year_n in_o a_o statute_n concern_v the_o subsidy_n of_o wool_n the_o preamble_n run_v thus_o nevertheless_o the_o king_n pray_v the_o earl_n baron_n and_o all_o the_o commonalty_n for_o the_o great_a business_n which_o he_o have_v in_o hand_n etc._n etc._n that_o they_o will_v grant_v he_o some_o aid_n upon_o wool_n leather_n etc._n etc._n where_o upon_o deliberation_n be_v bad_a the_o say_a prelate_n baron_n and_o commons_o of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v grant_v he_o 40_o shilling_n to_o be_v take_v on_o every_o sack_n of_o wool_n but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o matter_n to_o let_v you_o see_v that_o not_o only_o the_o commons_o but_o also_o the_o lord_n have_v be_v oftentimes_o petitioner_n as_o well_o as_o the_o commons_o pray_v see_v these_o authority_n the_o 1_o be_v the_o statute_n of_o provisor_n 27_o edw._n 3d._n run_v thus_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n with_o the_o assent_n and_o prayer_n of_o the_o great_a man_n and_o the_o commons_o of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n have_v ordain_v etc._n etc._n and_o in_o the_o four_o of_o ed._n four_o i_o e._n it_o be_v recite_v thus_o the_o king_n by_o the_o assent_n advice_n request_v and_o authority_n of_o his_o lord_n spiritual_a temporal_a and_o commons_o etc._n etc._n have_v ordain_v and_o establish_v in_o the_o preamble_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o 1._o edw._n 6._o c._n 4._o it_o be_v thus_o wherefore_o the_o king_n our_o sovereign_a lord_n mind_v and_o entire_o desire_v at_o the_o humble_a petition_n and_o suit_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o in_o this_o present_a parliament_n assemble_v do_v declare_v ordain_v and_o enact_v by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a and_o the_o commons_o in_o this_o present_a parliament_n assemble_v and_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o same_o and_o that_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o commons_o be_v always_o necessary_a to_o the_o make_n of_o law_n not_o as_o bare_a petitioner_n but_o as_o assenter_n too_o as_o well_o as_o the_o lord_n appear_v by_o this_o protestation_n or_o declaration_n of_o the_o commons_o 46._o to_o edw._n 3d._n which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o parliament_n roll_v of_o 51._o of_o that_o king_n which_o i_o shall_v read_v to_o you_o in_o english_a out_o of_o the_o law-french_a which_o perhaps_o you_o be_v not_o use_v to_o also_o the_o say_a commons_o do_v petition_v our_o lord_n the_o king_n that_o no_o statute_n or_o ordinance_n may_v be_v make_v or_o grant_v at_o the_o petition_n of_o the_o clergy_n unless_o it_o be_v by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o commons_o neither_o that_o the_o say_v commons_o shall_v be_v oblige_v by_o any_o constitution_n which_o they_o may_v make_v for_o their_o advantage_n without_o the_o assent_n os_fw-la the_o say_a commons_o for_o they_o will_v not_o be_v oblige_v to_o any_o of_o your_o viz._n the_o king_n statutes_n or_o ordinance_n make_v without_o their_o assent_n m._n i_o do_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o commons_o as_o well_o as_o lord_n have_v be_v allow_v as_o necessary_a for_o a_o long_a time_n but_o whether_o the_o consent_n of_o either_o at_o first_o be_v so_o be_v a_o great_a doubt_n since_o we_o find_v the_o first_o ancient_a statute_n as_o i_o have_v 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soccage_n must_v needs_o have_v be_v so_o numerous_a that_o what_o room_n nay_o what_o field_n or_o place_n be_v able_a to_o contain_v so_o great_a a_o multitude_n or_o how_o can_v any_o business_n have_v be_v transact_v therein_o without_o the_o great_a confusion_n imaginable_a f._n so_o than_o you_o yourself_o must_v also_o grant_v that_o when_o all_o your_o great_a and_o less_o baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la appear_v in_o person_n parliament_n be_v much_o more_o numerous_a than_o they_o be_v now_o since_o according_a to_o the_o dr.'s_n catalogue_n out_o of_o dooms-day-book_n in_o his_o appendix_n to_o the_o english_a history_n vol._n 1_o of_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o serjeanty_n that_o hold_v all_o the_o land_n in_o every_o county_n of_o king_n william_n they_o do_v beside_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n earl_n and_o baron_n altogether_o amount_v to_o about_o 700._o and_o these_o in_o the_o 49th_o of_o hen._n iii_o by_o forfeiture_n and_o new_a conveyance_n from_o the_o crown_n or_o by_o those_o other_o way_n you_o have_v now_o mention_v may_v be_v multiply_v into_o twice_o as_o many_o more_o and_o those_o also_o of_o sufficient_a estate_n to_o maintain_v the_o port_n of_o a_o member_n of_o parliament_n or_o knight_n since_o 15_o pound_n a_o year_n be_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n john_n and_o henry_n iii_o reckon_v as_o a_o knight_n fee_n and_o he_o that_o have_v it_o be_v liable_a to_o be_v knight_v and_o if_o so_o i_o pray_v according_a to_o your_o own_o hypothesis_n how_o can_v so_o great_a a_o assembly_n be_v manage_v as_o of_o about_o 3000_o or_o 4000_o person_n without_o strange_a confusion_n and_o disorder_n but_o upon_o our_o principle_n there_o will_v follow_v no_o more_o absurdity_n or_o inconvenience_n than_o in_o you_o for_o either_o these_o baron_n of_o county_n burgess_n and_o inhabitant_n of_o town_n and_o city_n be_v always_o represent_v by_o knight_n and_o citizen_n as_o they_o be_v now_o or_o else_o these_o baron_n of_o county_n appear_v for_o themselves_o be_v lord_n of_o manor_n or_o freeholder_n of_o good_a estate_n who_o be_v not_o so_o numerous_a or_o inconsiderable_a as_o you_o imagine_v the_o freehold_a land_n in_o england_n be_v in_o those_o day_n but_o in_o a_o few_o hand_n in_o comparison_n to_o what_o they_o be_v now_o and_o for_o this_o opinion_n i_o have_v sir_n h._n spelman_n of_o my_o side_n who_o in_o the_o place_n already_o quote_v under_o barones_n câ—â—itatus_fw-la express_o tell_v we_o hoc_fw-la nomine_fw-la contineri_fw-la videtur_fw-la antiquis_fw-la paginis_fw-la omnis_fw-la 〈◊〉_d â—eodalium_fw-la specier_fw-la in_fw-la uno_fw-la quovis_fw-la comitara_fw-mi degentium_fw-la proceres_fw-la nempè_fw-la &_o 〈◊〉_d domini_fw-la nèc_fw-la non_fw-la liberè_fw-la quique_fw-la tenentes_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la fundorum_fw-la proprietarii_fw-la anglicè_fw-la freeholder_n ut_fw-la superiùâ—_n dictum_fw-la est_fw-la normidum_fw-la autem_fw-la est_fw-la hoc_fw-la liberè_fw-la tenentes_fw-la nec_fw-la tam_fw-la â—iles_fw-la 〈◊〉_d fuisse_fw-la nèc_fw-la tam_fw-la vulgares_fw-la ut_fw-la hodiè_fw-la deprehonduntur_fw-la na_o villa_n &_o dominia_fw-la in_o 〈◊〉_d hareditates_fw-la non_fw-la dum_fw-la distrahebant_fw-la nobiles_fw-la sed_fw-la ut_fw-la vidimus_fw-la in_o hibernia_n penes_fw-la se_fw-la retinentes_fw-la agros_fw-la per_fw-la precarios_fw-la excolebant_fw-la &_o adscriptitio_n so_o that_o you_o see_v sir_n h._n spelman_n then_o believe_v that_o the_o manor_n and_o great_a freehold_n in_o england_n be_v not_o then_o parcele_v out_o into_o so_o many_o small_a share_n as_o you_o imagine_v and_o that_o such_o inferior_a baron_n whether_o they_o hold_v in_o caâ—â—â—e_n or_o not_o arch._n be_v also_o call_v proceres_fw-la see_v the_o law_n of_o henry_n i._n chap._n 25._o the_o title_n whereof_o be_v de_fw-fr privilegits_n procerum_fw-la angliae_fw-la the_o law_n run_v thus_o si_fw-mi exurgat_fw-la placitum_fw-la inter_fw-la homines_fw-la allcusus_fw-la baronum_fw-la foenam_fw-la habentium_fw-la tractâ—tur_fw-la placitum_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la domini_fw-la svi_fw-la now_o that_o this_o socha_n be_v no_o more_o than_o soc._n in_o old_a saxon_a see_v spel._n gloss._n tit._n soc._n i._n e._n secta_fw-la de_fw-la hominibus_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la domini_fw-la secundum_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la so_o likewise_o in_o titulo_fw-la socha_n vel_fw-la dicitur_fw-la soc._n a_o saxon_a socâ—_n i._o e_fw-la libertas_fw-la franchesia_n &_o vide_fw-la manerium_fw-la qd_n dicitur_fw-la etiam_fw-la soca_fw-la dictum_fw-la est_fw-la from_o all_o which_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o these_o lord_n of_o manor_n here_o call_v proceres_fw-la &_o barones_n have_v court_n baron_n which_o take_v their_o name_n from_o their_o lord_n though_o feudatory_a tenant_n or_o vavaâ—ours_n but_o grant_v that_o about_o the_o end_n of_o king_n john_n or_o beginning_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o hen._n iii_o suppose_v that_o these_o lord_n of_o manor_n and_o great_a freeholder_n whether_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o other_o may_v amount_v in_o all_o to_o 5_o on_o 6000_o person_n i_o do_v not_o see_v why_o such_o a_o assembly_n may_v not_o be_v as_o orderly_a and_o well_o manage_v as_o one_o of_o 1000_o or_o 4000_o suppose_v your_o great_a baron_n and_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o have_v than_o make_v about_o that_o number_n especial_o if_o we_o consider_v that_o most_o business_n or_o act_n of_o any_o consequence_n and_o for_o which_o parliament_n be_v call_v may_v be_v prepare_v and_o draw_v up_o by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n before_o they_o meet_v so_o that_o take_v it_o which_o way_n you_o will_v few_o inconvenience_n and_o improbability_n attend_v my_o hypothesis_n than_o you_o m._n that_o the_o earl_n and_o great_a baron_n both_o spiritual_a and_o temporal_a together_o with_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la then_o make_v the_o body_n of_o the_o baronage_n of_o england_n i_o have_v very_o good_a authority_n on_o my_o side_n but_o that_o any_o feudatory_a baron_n or_o tenant_n of_o a_o lesser_a degree_n ever_o have_v any_o place_n or_o vote_n in_o those_o assembly_n i_o think_v you_o can_v give_v i_o no_o sufficient_a authority_n for_o it_o it_o be_v true_a mr._n p._n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o the_o right_n of_o the_o commons_o assert_v 110._o give_v we_o two_o modern_a quotation_n the_o one_o out_o of_o mr._n câ—â—den's_n britannia_n the_o other_o out_o of_o mr._n selden_n to_o prove_v it_o as_o for_o the_o former_a it_o be_v in_o the_o introduction_n to_o the_o britannia_n first_o publish_v in_o quarto_n the_o word_n be_v these_o verum_fw-la baro_n ex_fw-la illis_fw-la non_fw-la imbus_fw-la videatur_fw-la qua_fw-la tempus_fw-la paulatim_fw-la moliara_fw-it &_o molliora_fw-la reddidit_fw-la nam_fw-la longo_fw-la post_fw-la tempore_fw-la non_fw-la milites_fw-la sed_fw-la qui_fw-la liberi_fw-la erant_fw-la domini_fw-la 16._o &_o thani_fw-la saxombus_fw-la dicebantur_fw-la barones_n vocari_fw-la caperunt_fw-la nec_fw-la dum_fw-la magni_fw-la honoris_fw-la erat_fw-la paulo_fw-la autem_fw-la postea_fw-la mean_v after_o the_o norman_n entrance_n eo_fw-la honoris_fw-la pervenit_fw-la ut_fw-la nomine_fw-la baronagii_fw-la angliae_fw-la omnes_fw-la qâ—â—dammodo_fw-la regni_fw-la ordines_fw-la continerentur_fw-la but_o he_o do_v not_o tell_v we_o that_o this_o learned_a author_n in_o his_o last_o edition_n of_o this_o work_n in_o folio_n be_v sensible_a of_o his_o mistake_n have_v add_v the_o word_n superiores_fw-la before_o ordines_fw-la whereby_o it_o be_v plain_a he_o now_o restrain_v it_o only_o to_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n as_o they_o be_v now_o understand_v mr._n p'_v other_o quotation_n be_v out_o of_o mr._n selden_n note_n upon_o rancorous_a 168._o where_o comment_v on_o the_o word_n barones_n he_o say_v vocabulum_fw-la nempe_fw-la alio_fw-la notione_fw-la usurpari_fw-la quam_fw-la vulgo_fw-la neque_fw-la eos_fw-la duntaxat_fw-la ut_fw-la hodie_fw-la significare_fw-la quibus_fw-la peculiaris_fw-la ordinum_fw-la comitiis_fw-la locus_fw-la est_fw-la but_o then_o conceal_v this_o that_o follow_v which_o make_v direct_o against_o he_o sed_fw-la universos_fw-la qui_fw-la regiae_n munificentiae_fw-la ad_fw-la formulam_fw-la juris_fw-la nostre_fw-fr clientelaris_fw-la quod_fw-la nullius_fw-la villae_fw-la regiae_n glebam_fw-la sed_fw-la ipsum_fw-la tantum_fw-la modo_fw-la regem_fw-la spectat_fw-la tenure_n en_fw-fr chief_n phrasi_fw-la forensi_fw-la dicimus_fw-la sive_fw-la tenura_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la lati_fw-la fundiâ—_fw-la pessidebant_fw-la whereby_o you_o may_v see_v that_o he_o express_o restrain_v this_o word_n barones_n to_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o though_o your_o author_n take_v no_o notice_n of_o it_o nor_o indeed_o in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n do_v mr._n selden_n give_v we_o any_o other_o description_n of_o a_o baron_n v._n i_o mean_v such_o who_o have_v a_o vote_n in_o parliament_n but_o such_o in_o the_o sense_n that_o be_v take_v in_o henry_n i._o his_o charter_n as_o it_o be_v recite_v in_o matt._n paris_n siquis_fw-la baronum_fw-la meorum_fw-la comitum_fw-la vel_fw-la aliorm_n qui_fw-fr de_fw-fr i_o tenent_fw-la mortuus_fw-la fuerit_fw-la i._n e._n one_o who_o be_v either_o one_o of_o the_o earl_n or_o great_a baron_n or_o otherwise_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la f._n mr._n p._n be_v not_o at_o all_o to_o be_v blame_v as_o you_o make_v he_o
refer_v but_o to_o this_o very_a letter_n which_o be_v assent_v as_o well_o per_fw-la procuratores_fw-la communitatis_fw-la regni_fw-la as_o by_o your_o baron_n here_o call_v nobiles_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o this_o application_n thereof_o be_v give_v by_o mr_n pryn_n himself_o when_o he_o make_v use_v of_o these_o record_n but_o to_o let_v you_o see_v far_o that_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o for_o all_o this_o author_n opinion_n to_o the_o contrary_a 119._o may_v join_v in_o a_o letter_n ro_o the_o pope_n i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o that_o which_o be_v write_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o whole_a parliament_n to_o the_o pope_n in_o the_o 17_o the_o of_o edw._n iii_o about_o the_o provision_n of_o benefice_n which_o then_o grow_v so_o exorbitant_a that_o walsingham_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o history_n quod_fw-la rex_fw-la &_o tota_fw-la nobilitas_fw-la regni_fw-la pati_fw-la noluit_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o phrase_n the_o letter_n itself_o will_v best_o explain_v 161._o the_o beginning_n and_o conclusion_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o in_o english_a as_o you_o may_v find_v it_o in_o mr._n fox_n book_n of_o martyr_n to_o the_o most_o holy_a father_n in_o god_n lord_n clement_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n of_o the_o holy_a church_n of_o rome_n 501._o and_o of_o the_o universal_a church_n chief_a and_o high-bishop_n his_o humble_a and_o devout_a child_n the_o prince_n duke_n earls_z baron_n knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n and_o all_o the_o communality_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n assemble_v at_o a_o parliament_n hold_v at_o westminster_n the_o 15_o the_o day_n of_o may_n last_o pass_v etc._n etc._n in_o witness_v whereof_o we_o have_v hereunto_o set_v our_o 〈◊〉_d give_v in_o the_o full_a parliament_n at_o westminst_n on_o the_o 18_o day_n of_o may_n anno_fw-la drâ—_n 1343._o and_o it_o still_o appear_v by_o the_o parliament_n roll_v of_o this_o year_n viz._n 17_o edw._n iii_o n._n 59_o that_o the_o commons_o petition_v the_o king_n that_o the_o lord_n may_v stay_v at_o the_o parliament_n till_o they_o have_v perfect_v and_o seal_v this_o letter_n and_o that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o letter_n then_o write_v by_o the_o parliament_n 3._o appear_v by_o the_o king_n letter_n to_o the_o pope_n about_o the_o same_o matter_n still_o among_o the_o tower_n record_n in_o which_o he_o imitate_v his_o grandfather_n edw._n i._n and_o great_a grandfather_n hen._n iii_o who_o also_o seâ—_n letter_n to_o the_o pope_n on_o such_o like_a occasion_n but_o in_o those_o to_o excuse_v the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n from_o be_v the_o author_n of_o those_o complain_v he_o have_v this_o passage_n that_o since_o it_o be_v the_o judgement_n tam_fw-la procerum_fw-la &_o nobilium_fw-la quaâ—_n communitatis_fw-la regni_fw-la in_o ultimo_fw-la parliamento_fw-la contra_fw-la provisorum_fw-la exercitum_fw-la to_o conclude_v i_o think_v nothing_o be_v plain_a than_o that_o under_o the_o universitas_fw-la regâ—â—_n in_o the_o first_o letter_n to_o the_o pope_n 29_o hen._n iii_o and_o under_o the_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la mention_v in_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o 29_o edw._n i._o be_v mean_v the_o same_o estate_n or_o order_n of_o man_n as_o be_v more_o particular_o recite_v in_o this_o present_a letter_n viz._n the_o 〈◊〉_d lord_n and_o commons_o in_o parliament_n assemble_v m._n i_o must_v free_o tell_v you_o i_o be_o not_o yet_o satisfy_v with_o the_o sense_n you_o now_o put_v â—pon_o these_o word_n universitas_fw-la and_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la before_o the_o commons_o be_v summon_v to_o parliament_n for_o you_o yourself_o must_v grant_v that_o as_o the_o word_n universitas_fw-la regni_fw-la take_v in_o the_o whole_a representative_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o likewise_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la signify_v no_o more_o than_o the_o same_o whole_a body_n or_o community_n thereof_o therefore_o if_o i_o prove_v to_o you_o that_o in_o those_o time_n this_o universâ—â—y_n or_o community_n consist_v only_o of_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o word_n communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la ought_v never_o to_o be_v interpret_v by_o the_o english_a word_n commonalty_n or_o commons_o of_o england_n till_o after_o the_o time_n that_o i_o allow_v the_o commons_o be_v admit_v to_o make_v a_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n nor_o always_o then_o neither_o and_o mr._n p._n in_o his_o book_n which_o we_o have_v so_o often_o cite_v have_v do_v very_o unfair_o to_o make_v the_o universitas_fw-la and_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la to_o comprehend_v the_o commons_o of_o england_n before_o they_o everappear_v in_o parliament_n at_o all_o and_o so_o have_v he_o likewise_o abuse_v the_o word_n populus_fw-la as_o i_o have_v already_o observe_v to_o signify_v the_o commons_o when_o indeed_o there_o be_v no_o more_o thereby_o mean_v than_o the_o whole_a assembly_n of_o the_o laity_n which_o at_o that_o time_n consist_v of_o no_o more_o than_o the_o earl_n baron_n or_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la 28._o and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o by_o communitas_fw-la praelatorum_fw-la or_o baronum_n be_v often_o understand_v the_o body_n of_o the_o prelate_n or_o great_a baron_n only_o call_v by_o way_n of_o eminency_n proceres_fw-la &_o magnates_fw-la yet_o most_o frequent_o these_o with_o all_o the_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la do_v make_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o king_n be_v immediate_a tenant_n in_o military_a service_n and_o be_v altogether_o call_v the_o baronage_n of_o england_n the_o community_n of_o the_o land_n or_o community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o for_o this_o i_o think_v i_o shall_v give_v you_o undeniable_a proof_n by_o and_o by_o f._n i_o be_o very_a well_o aware_a that_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la often_o signify_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o laity_n yet_o not_o exclude_v the_o commons_o as_o i_o have_v already_o sufficient_o prove_v for_o then_o the_o word_n must_v signify_v quite_o contrary_a to_o its_o genuine_a signification_n instead_o of_o people_n the_o great_a nobility_n only_o yet_o that_o when_o it_o be_v put_v after_o as_o distinct_a from_o magnate_n it_o must_v mean_v the_o commons_o as_o now_o understand_v i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o but_o that_o this_o word_n populus_fw-la do_v not_o always_o signify_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o nobility_n only_o 55._o but_o take_v in_o oftentimes_o the_o commons_o too_o pray_v see_v matt._n west_n who_o tell_v we_o king_n edw._n i._o in_o the_o 34th_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n make_v his_o son_n a_o knight_n pro_fw-la hac_fw-la melitia_fw-la silii_fw-la regis_fw-la concessus_fw-la est_fw-la regi_fw-la zomus_fw-la denarius_fw-la a_o populo_fw-la &_o clero_fw-la mercatores_fw-la vero_fw-la vicesâ—mum_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la upon_o which_o your_o dr._n in_o his_o glossary_a very_a well_o remark_n that_o it_o be_v evident_a upon_o record_n who_o be_v the_o populus_fw-la mean_v by_o the_o historian_n viz._n the_o comites_fw-la barones_n &_o alii_fw-la magnates_fw-la nec_fw-la non_fw-la milites_fw-la comitatuum_fw-la so_o that_o unless_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v lord_n it_o be_v plain_a populus_fw-la take_v in_o the_o commonâ—_n too_o but_o universitas_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la call_v in_o french_a le_fw-fr communâ—_n dangletterre_fw-fr be_v often_o take_v for_o the_o whole_a community_n or_o body_n of_o the_o whole_a parliament_n and_o this_o sir_n edward_n coke_n own_v express_o in_o his_o 2d_o instit._n upon_o these_o word_n in_o articulis_fw-la supâ—â—_n chartas_n 539._o thus_o here_o le_fw-fr commune_fw-la be_v take_v for_o people_n so_o astout_a le_fw-fr commune_fw-la be_v here_o take_v for_o all_o the_o people_n and_o this_o be_v prove_v by_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n for_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v not_o grant_v to_o the_o commons_o of_o the_o realm_n but_o general_o to_o all_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o realm_n viz._n to_o those_o of_o thâ—_n clergy_n and_o to_o those_o of_o the_o nobility_n and_o to_o the_o commons_o also_o and_o this_o be_v a_o rational_a as_o well_o as_o grammatical_a interpretation_n for_o as_o the_o word_n universitas_fw-la be_v derive_v from_o the_o adjective_n universus_fw-la which_o signify_v the_o whole_a 〈◊〉_d universal_a so_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la be_v derive_v from_o the_o adjective_n 〈◊〉_d common_a or_o general_n so_o that_o these_o two_o word_n when_o use_v simple_o in_o a_o political_a 〈◊〉_d legal_a sense_n aught_o to_o take_v in_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o all_o sort_n and_o condition_n of_o freemen_n appear_v themselves_o or_o their_o lawful_a proxy_n or_o representative_n in_o parliament_n but_o i_o have_v already_o sufficient_o prove_v that_o under_o those_o general_n word_n use_v in_o our_o historian_n and_o record_n viz._n principes_fw-la proceres_fw-la nobiles_fw-la magnates_fw-la barones_n &_o alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la be_v then_o comprehend_v either_o all_o the_o considerable_a freeholder_n oâ—_n lord_n of_o manner_n or_o else_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n so_o
voluntate_fw-la &_o precipto_n domini_fw-la regis_fw-la nec_fw-la non_fw-la â—â—â—datorum_fw-la baâ—onium_fw-la ac_fw-la etiam_fw-la communitatis_fw-la tunc_fw-la ibidem_fw-la praesentium_fw-la m._n i_o think_v the_o dr._n have_v give_v we_o full_a satisfaction_n as_o to_o this_o record_n p._n in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n the_o substance_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v here_o give_v you_o in_o short_a first_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o at_o the_o make_n of_o this_o force_a peace_n simon_n mountford_n and_o his_o faction_n then_o hold_v the_o king_n and_o prince_n as_o also_o richard_n earl_n of_o cornwall_n the_o king_n brother_n as_o good_a as_o prisoner_n and_o make_v they_o do_v what_o he_o please_v and_o he_o carry_v the_o king_n and_o prince_n along_o with_o he_o until_o he_o have_v take_v in_o all_o the_o strong_a place_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o when_o he_o have_v do_v than_o he_o call_v this_o parliament_n which_o can_v not_o be_v one_o in_o the_o sense_n it_o be_v now_o take_v since_o there_o be_v none_o there_o but_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o head_n of_o the_o rebel_n which_o have_v the_o king_n and_o prince_n in_o their_o power_n and_o as_o you_o yourself_o set_v forth_o be_v the_o same_o person_n that_o seal_v it_o for_o themselves_o and_o the_o other_o baron_n and_o the_o whole_a community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n which_o community_n must_v be_v the_o community_n of_o the_o baron_n and_o great_a man_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o military_a service_n and_o no_o other_o for_o how_o can_v the_o lord_n and_o baron_n sign_v any_o thing_n for_o the_o commons_o as_o at_o this_o day_n understand_v they_o do_v not_o then_o nor_o now_o do_v represent_v they_o 217._o but_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o another_o authority_n to_o make_v this_o clear_a of_o some_o year_n before_o relate_v in_o matt._n paris_n viz._n anno_fw-la dom._n 12â—â—_n 42_o d_o hen._n iii_o where_o letter_n be_v say_v to_o be_v send_v a_o communitate_fw-la angliae_fw-la to_o the_o pope_n concern_v aymer_n de_fw-fr valence_n bishop_n elect_n of_o wachester_n the_o direction_n be_v thus_o sanctissimo_fw-la in_o christo_fw-la patri_fw-la etc._n etc._n communitas_fw-la comitum_fw-la procerum_fw-la magnatum_fw-la aliorumque_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la cum_fw-la subjectione_n debita_fw-la pedum_n osrâ—â—â—_n etc._n etc._n and_o to_o put_v the_o matter_n beyond_o all_o doubt_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o these_o letter_n be_v seal_v by_o six_o earl_n and_o five_o baron_n only_o vice_fw-la totius_fw-la communitatis_fw-la i_o need_v 〈◊〉_d give_v you_o their_o name_n since_o you_o may_v find_v they_o in_o the_o author_n himself_o as_o also_o cite_v by_o the_o dr._n and_o as_o for_o h._n bigod_n the_o chief_a justice_n and_o the_o four_o person_n name_v after_o he_o they_o be_v prove_v by_o sir_n william_n dugdale_n in_o his_o baronage_n of_o england_n to_o have_v be_v the_o great_a baron_n in_o the_o kingdom_n now_o pray_v let_v i_o ask_v you_o this_o question_n do_v these_o eleven_o person_n all_o great_a earl_n and_o baron_n represent_v the_o whole_a commons_o or_o community_n of_o england_n as_o at_o this_o day_n understand_v or_o do_v they_o represent_v the_o community_n of_o the_o baron_n only_o together_o with_o the_o alios_fw-la the_o milites_fw-la which_o hold_v by_o military_a service_n of_o the_o great_a baron_n and_o the_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o the_o whole_a community_n here_o intend_v must_v be_v one_o of_o they_o take_v which_o you_o please_v you_o will_v lose_v the_o cause_n for_o certain_o these_o great_a 〈◊〉_d and_o baron_n that_o seal_v this_o letter_n vice_fw-la totius_fw-la communitatis_fw-la be_v not_o choose_v nor_o send_v by_o the_o commons_o to_o this_o parliament_n or_o meeting_n nor_o be_v the_o commons_o represent_v as_o at_o this_o day_n by_o they_o as_o you_o yourself_o have_v already_o grant_v f._n i_o hope_v i_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o make_v any_o long_a reply_n to_o this_o answer_n of_o youâ—â—_n or_o rather_o of_o your_o dr.'s_n since_o it_o be_v build_v upon_o the_o same_o false_a supposition_n with_o the_o other_o viz._n that_o the_o word_n cum_fw-la communitate_fw-la tot_fw-la â_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la must_v always_o mean_v only_o the_o community_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la which_o supposition_n if_o it_o be_v false_a in_o your_o former_a argument_n be_v also_o as_o false_a in_o this_o of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o too_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v impertinent_a to_o repeat_v my_o answer_n to_o it_o but_o if_o this_o be_v no_o true_a parliament_n because_o simon_n mountford_n have_v then_o the_o king_n and_o prince_n in_o his_o power_n this_o will_v likewise_o serve_v to_o unparliament_n that_o of_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o this_o king_n from_o whence_o the_o gentleman_n of_o your_o opinion_n date_n the_o first_o come_v of_o the_o commons_o to_o parliament_n since_o the_o king_n and_o prince_n be_v as_o much_o in_o simon_n mountford_n power_n then_o as_o now_o and_o yet_o no_o man_n as_o i_o know_v of_o ever_o question_v the_o validity_n of_o it_o though_o i_o can_v also_o omit_v that_o you_o pass_v by_o in_o this_o letter_n the_o word_n magnatum_fw-la aliorumque_fw-la regni_fw-la under_o which_o word_n as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v may_v very_o well_o be_v comprehend_v all_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n as_o well_o as_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n unless_o the_o word_n have_v run_v thus_o as_o they_o shall_v have_v do_v to_o have_v make_v out_o your_o assertion_n aliorumque_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la tenent_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o main_a point_n you_o insist_v upon_o which_o be_v how_o these_o great_a earlâ—_n and_o baron_n can_v seal_v this_o form_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o these_o letter_n to_o the_o pope_n in_o the_o name_n of_o all_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n before_o i_o answer_v to_o that_o i_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o ask_v you_o one_o question_n you_o have_v already_o allow_v that_o the_o ordinary_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o which_o that_o numerous_a body_n chief_o consist_v though_o call_v by_o courtesy_n barones_n minores_fw-la be_v real_o no_o baron_n nor_o peer_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o if_o so_o be_v but_o commoner_n now_o pray_v tell_v i_o how_o these_o great_a earl_n and_o baron_n you_o mention_v to_o have_v sign_v this_o peace_n and_o this_o letter_n to_o the_o pope_n can_v put_v their_o seal_n for_o those_o who_o be_v no_o baron_n themselves_o by_o your_o own_o confession_n and_o you_o can_v say_v they_o represent_v they_o for_o they_o be_v as_o good_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o the_o great_a lord_n but_o if_o you_o say_v they_o do_v it_o by_o their_o order_n and_o consent_n pray_v why_o may_v not_o these_o great_a lord_n or_o baron_n as_o well_o do_v the_o like_a for_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n and_o burgess_n by_o their_o appointment_n since_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o the_o lord_n do_v act_v thus_o in_o the_o letter_n which_o be_v send_v to_o the_o pope_n concern_v the_o business_n of_o scotland_n and_o beside_o i_o must_v here_o observe_v that_o the_o dr._n and_o you_o do_v not_o deal_v fair_o with_o your_o adversary_n in_o cite_v this_o authority_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o baron_n sign_v these_o letter_n to_o the_o pope_n vice_n tâ—tius_fw-la communitatâ—s_fw-la angliae_fw-la since_o i_o acknowledge_v in_o this_o place_n the_o word_n communitas_fw-la be_v put_v alone_o do_v mean_v no_o more_o than_o the_o community_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n but_o in_o the_o authority_n i_o have_v quote_v it_o be_v put_v after_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n and_o so_o then_o must_v mean_v the_o whole_a commonalty_n or_o body_n of_o the_o commons_o in_o the_o sense_n they_o be_v now_o take_v and_o as_o it_o have_v be_v always_o use_v in_o french_a as_o well_o as_o in_o latin_a when_o it_o come_v after_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n as_o i_o have_v already_o note_v and_o for_o this_o pray_v see_v the_o stat._n of_o westm._n i._o make_v 3_o d_o edw._n i._n but_o eleven_o year_n after_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o hen._n iii_o per_n l'assâ—ntments_n des_fw-fr aechievesques_n evesques_n abbes_n prior_n count_n baron_n &_o tout_fw-fr le_fw-fr commonalty_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr illonques_fw-la summone_n which_o phrase_n i_o can_v show_v you_o to_o have_v continue_v the_o same_o in_o most_o of_o our_o french_a statute_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o this_o king_n and_o all_o his_o successor_n in_o many_o record_n and_o act_n of_o parliament_n whilst_o they_o be_v write_v in_o latin_a or_o french_a which_o i_o shall_v omit_v recite_v because_o i_o suppose_v you_o yourself_o will_v allow_v it_o i_o have_v a_o great_a deal_n more_o to_o say_v concern_v the_o true_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la le_fw-fr commune_fw-la &_o le_fw-fr communality_n which_o because_o it_o be_v long_o and_o it_o now_o grow_v late_a i_o shall_v
defer_v till_o another_o time_n but_o i_o think_v i_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o show_v you_o from_o undoubted_a record_n and_o act_n of_o parliament_n from_o the_o reign_n of_o hen._n iii_o as_o low_a as_o richard_n ii_o that_o these_o word_n when_o use_v as_o i_o have_v now_o say_v after_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n can_v refer_v to_o they_o but_o to_o another_o distinct_a estate_n or_o order_n of_o man_n than_o call_v les_fw-fr communer_n or_o les_fw-fr commune_v in_o english_a the_o commons_o of_o the_o kingdom_n distinct_a from_o the_o bishop_n and_o lord_n m_o i_o shall_v nor_o now_o dispute_v with_o you_o concern_v the_o sense_n you_o have_v put_v upon_o the_o word_n you_o mention_v but_o i_o grant_v they_o often_o signify_v the_o commons_o after_o the_o 18_o the_o edw._n i._n in_o some_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o parliamentary_a record_n but_o i_o must_v beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o can_v allow_v communitas_fw-la to_o signify_v the_o commons_o at_o this_o time_n in_o your_o sense_n and_o therefore_o be_o not_o yet_o convince_v that_o the_o word_n la_fw-fr communality_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr mention_v in_o the_o statute_n of_o westm._n i._o ought_v to_o be_v understand_v or_o english_v by_o the_o word_n commons_o who_o i_o do_v not_o suppose_v be_v then_o above_o once_o call_v to_o parliament_n till_o the_o 18_o the_o of_o this_o king_n but_o as_o for_o what_o you_o argue_v from_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v often_o call_v magnate_v and_o grantz_n des_fw-fr countees_n i_o allow_v they_o be_v often_o so_o style_v in_o our_o statute_n and_o roll_n of_o parliament_n 219._o but_o if_o you_o consider_v the_o reason_n of_o it_o this_o will_v do_v you_o little_a service_n since_o they_o be_v so_o call_v from_o their_o being_n most_o common_o at_o the_o begin_n of_o their_o election_n choose_v out_o of_o the_o great_a and_o most_o considerable_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la under_o the_o degree_n of_o baron_n in_o each_o county_n and_o no_o other_o who_o be_v choose_v to_o represent_v the_o omnes_fw-la alios_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la tenent_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la mention_v in_o king_n john_n charter_n or_o they_o and_o all_o the_o other_o military_a tenant_n by_o mean_a tenure_n for_o it_o be_v scarce_a to_o be_v believe_v that_o those_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o make_v such_o a_o noise_n for_o their_o liberty_n will_v part_v with_o this_o main_a point_n of_o be_v personal_o present_a or_o else_o the_o body_n of_o they_o represent_v by_o some_o of_o their_o own_o number_n in_o every_o county_n and_o it_o may_v be_v upon_o this_o account_n they_o have_v the_o title_n of_o notable_a knight_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o ancient_a writ_n of_o summons_n direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n so_o that_o only_o the_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n as_o suitor_n to_o the_o county_n court_v 19_o be_v the_o elector_n and_o this_o be_v very_o likely_a the_o reason_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 7_o the_o hen._n iu._n that_o the_o election_n shall_v be_v make_v in_o the_o county_n court_n by_o all_o the_o suitor_n and_o also_o why_o the_o statute_n 18_o the_o hen._n vi_o 15._o by_o which_o any_o man_n that_o have_v 40_o s._n per_fw-la ann._n of_o any_o tenure_n who_o be_v before_o permit_v to_o be_v a_o elector_n be_v alter_v by_o 10_o the_o hen._n vi_o and_o so_o explain_v that_o none_o but_o freeholder_n of_o 40_o s._n per_fw-la ann._n shall_v afterward_o be_v elector_n with_o respect_n to_o the_o least_o part_n of_o a_o knight_n fee_n 2._o viz._n 40_o s._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la which_o be_v now_o come_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o very_o ordinary_a men._n for_o ancient_o soon_o after_o or_o near_o the_o conquest_n there_o be_v very_o few_o or_o no_o great_a socâ—agâ—_n that_o be_v such_o as_o hold_v great_a estate_n in_o soccage_n and_o neither_o the_o small_a one_o 29._o nor_o the_o nativi_fw-la or_o copyholder_n be_v repute_v liberi_fw-la ot_fw-mi legales_fw-la homines_fw-la as_o before_o mention_v or_o perform_v the_o service_n proper_a to_o such_o military_a tenant_n or_o those_o to_o who_o they_o have_v alienate_v part_n of_o their_o fe_n but_o since_o i_o have_v tire_v you_o as_o well_o as_o myself_o in_o wrangle_v about_o the_o sense_n and_o meaning_n of_o the_o word_n in_o dispute_n between_o we_o i_o shall_v for_o the_o future_a take_v a_o short_a cut_n and_o give_v you_o two_o or_o three_o authority_n from_o our_o ancient_a law_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n and_o hen._n ii_o and_o rich._n i._n which_o together_o with_o king_n john_n magna_fw-la charta_fw-la will_v i_o think_v make_v it_o plain_a enough_o in_o conscience_n that_o the_o commons_o as_o now_o represent_v be_v not_o summon_v to_o parliament_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n john_n and_o whether_o they_o be_v so_o summon_v before_o 49_o the_o h._n iii_o when_o they_o be_v call_v but_o once_o till_o above_o twenty_o year_n after_o will_v be_v the_o other_o part_n of_o my_o task_n f._n i_o approve_v of_o your_o method_n very_o well_o and_o i_o assure_v you_o i_o love_v pedantic_a dispute_n about_o the_o grammatical_a signification_n of_o word_n as_o little_a as_o yourself_o unless_o where_o it_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a as_o indeed_o you_o have_v render_v it_o so_o by_o raise_v the_o great_a part_n of_o your_o argument_n from_o the_o equivocal_a use_n of_o those_o general_a word_n whereby_o our_o ancient_a law_n and_o historian_n have_v style_v the_o constituent_a member_n of_o our_o great_a council_n which_o if_o they_o be_v well_o clear_v i_o think_v it_o be_v high_a time_n to_o fall_v upon_o some_o more_o solid_a argument_n but_o before_o you_o come_v to_o that_o i_o can_v forbear_v observe_v that_o yourself_o do_v allow_v that_o in_o all_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o record_n after_o the_o 18_o the_o edw._n i._n the_o word_n communitas_fw-la and_o lâ—_n commune_v when_o put_v after_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n do_v signify_v the_o commons_o in_o the_o same_o sense_n in_o which_o they_o be_v now_o take_v but_o i_o must_v confess_v it_o seem_v incredible_a nay_o almost_o impossible_a to_o i_o that_o these_o word_n shall_v signify_v the_o community_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o the_o 48_o the_o hen_n iii_o or_o 18_o the_o of_o edw._n i._o begin_v where_o you_o please_v and_o yet_o that_o the_o next_o parliament_n after_o those_o the_o same_o word_n shall_v be_v take_v in_o quite_o another_o sense_n for_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n and_o that_o no_o statute_n record_n or_o historian_n of_o that_o or_o succeed_a age_n shall_v take_v the_o least_o notice_n of_o it_o be_v understand_v but_o before_o i_o conclude_v this_o part_n of_o the_o question_n i_o can_v but_o rectify_v a_o great_a mistake_v you_o have_v fall_v into_o by_o adhere_v to_o the_o dr._n with_o too_o implicit_a a_o faith_n for_o whereas_o you_o suppose_v that_o the_o reason_n why_o our_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v call_v ancient_o grantz_n des_fw-fr countees_n be_v because_o they_o be_v at_o first_o elect_v out_o of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o and_o who_o with_o the_o other_o tenant_n by_o military_a service_n be_v also_o the_o only_a elector_n of_o they_o at_o first_o till_o the_o statute_n of_o 7_o the_o hen._n iu._n ordain_v the_o election_n shall_v be_v make_v in_o the_o county_n court_n by_o all_o the_o suitor_n as_o if_o it_o have_v not_o be_v many_o age_n so_o before_o whereas_o if_o you_o please_v to_o peruse_v that_o statute_n a_o little_a better_o you_o will_v find_v it_o be_v not_o make_v to_o enlarge_v the_o number_n of_o the_o elector_n of_o parliament_n man_n for_o long_o before_o that_o time_n all_o sort_n or_o degree_n of_o freeholder_n as_o well_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o their_o tenant_n by_o any_o kind_n of_o tenure_n or_o whether_o hold_v of_o such_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o else_o of_o other_o as_o abbot_n and_o prior_n and_o other_o mesne_n tenant_n do_v alike_o owe_v suit_n and_o service_n to_o the_o county_n court_n and_o consequent_o be_v all_o alike_o capable_a of_o give_v their_o voice_n there_o at_o the_o election_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n however_o small_a their_o estate_n be_v nor_o be_v that_o statute_n of_o hen._n iu._n now_o cite_v which_o require_v the_o election_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n to_o be_v make_v by_o those_o that_o be_v summon_v and_o all_o other_o that_o be_v there_o present_a make_v to_o confer_v any_o new_a right_n upon_o such_o feeeholder_n but_o only_a to_o prevent_v the_o abuse_n of_o sheriffâ—_n who_o be_v wont_n before_o that_o statute_n to_o procure_v knight_n of_o shire_n to_o be_v choose_v clandestine_o without_o any_o due_a summons_n or_o notice_n give_v to_o the_o freeholder_n of_o the_o election_n much_o less_o do_v the_o statute_n of_o 8_o the_o hen._n vi_o
confer_v any_o new_a right_n or_o privilege_n upon_o freeholder_n of_o 40_o s._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la to_o give_v their_o voice_n at_o such_o election_n as_o you_o suppose_v but_o only_o take_v away_o the_o right_n which_o the_o small_a freeholder_n of_o under_o 40_o s_o per_fw-la annum_fw-la whether_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o not_o have_v before_o and_o restrain_v it_o only_o to_o such_o as_o shall_v have_v land_n or_o tenement_n to_o the_o vaâ—â—_n of_o 40_o s._n by_o year_n above_o all_o charge_n and_o it_o be_v yet_o a_o much_o great_a mistake_n to_o suppose_v as_o your_o dr._n do_v that_o this_o statute_n of_o 8_o the_o hen._n vi_o be_v at_o all_o alter_v by_o that_o of_o the_o 10_o the_o of_o this_o king_n which_o be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o explanation_n of_o it_o viz._n that_o by_o 40_o s._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la be_v mean_v 40_o s._n freehold_n and_o that_o of_o land_n lie_v within_o the_o county_n where_o the_o election_n shall_v be_v make_v so_o that_o nothing_o can_v prove_v more_o express_o that_o all_o freeholder_n as_o well_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o by_o any_o other_o tenure_n be_v all_o alike_o capable_a of_o election_n and_o be_v elect_v by_o the_o ancient_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o england_n long_o before_o those_o statute_n and_o consequent_o be_v all_o alike_a freeholder_n in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o law_n but_o if_o you_o have_v nothing_o at_o present_a to_o object_v against_o what_o i_o have_v now_o say_v pray_v pursue_v the_o method_n you_o have_v undertake_v and_o let_v i_o see_v those_o convince_a proof_n you_o so_o much_o rely_v upon_o and_o which_o you_o hope_v may_v also_o serve_v to_o convert_v i_o m._n before_o i_o undertake_v this_o task_n pray_v permit_v i_o to_o give_v you_o my_o opinion_n in_o answer_n to_o the_o difficulty_n you_o have_v now_o propose_v which_o i_o confess_v seem_v to_o carry_v some_o weight_n with_o it_o but_o those_o prejudices_fw-la will_v soon_o vanish_v when_o we_o consider_v that_o the_o first_o time_n this_o alteration_n be_v practise_v it_o be_v do_v in_o the_o king_n name_n though_o by_o the_o absolute_a power_n of_o simon_n mountfort_n in_o the_o 49th_o hen_n iii_o and_o after_o a_o discontinuance_n of_o above_o twenty_o year_n be_v again_o renew_v by_o edw._n i._n at_o the_o desire_n of_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n as_o i_o hope_v i_o shall_v show_v you_o before_o we_o have_v finish_v our_o conversation_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v first_o do_v by_o the_o king_n be_v absolute_a power_n and_o after_o with_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o the_o lord_n there_o need_v no_o statute_n to_o introduce_v it_o any_o more_o than_o there_o be_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n to_o give_v the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n that_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n place_n in_o parliament_n among_o the_o temporal_a lord_n and_o to_o bring_v their_o land_n which_o be_v hold_v before_o in_o franc_n almoigne_z under_o the_o yoke_n of_o military_a service_n but_o to_o proceed_v in_o the_o design_n i_o have_v undertake_v it_o be_v necessary_a that_o i_o show_v you_o first_o of_o all_o who_o be_v those_o freeman_n or_o freeholder_n proper_o so_o call_v upon_o who_o the_o whole_a burden_n of_o the_o subordinate_a government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n chief_o rely_v and_o who_o then_o constitute_v the_o legal_a university_n or_o community_n thereof_o immediate_o after_o the_o norman_a conquest_n and_o during_o many_o king_n reign_n after_o that_o time_n i_o suppose_v you_o be_v not_o ignorant_a that_o king_n william_n the_o conqueror_n have_v out_v all_o the_o english_a nobility_n and_o gentry_n of_o their_o estate_n give_v they_o away_o to_o his_o french_a and_o norman_a follower_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o he_o and_o his_o successor_n in_o capite_fw-la either_o by_o knight_n service_n or_o petit_fw-fr serjeanty_n reserve_v to_o himself_o the_o ancient_a demesne_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o add_v more_o thereunto_o for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o royal_a dignity_n and_o for_o this_o i_o need_v refer_v you_o to_o no_o better_a author_n than_o doomsday_n book_n itself_o and_o then_o after_o he_o have_v thus_o distribute_v the_o land_n of_o england_n as_o aforesaid_a he_o compose_v a_o body_n of_o law_n still_o extant_a and_o which_o be_v in_o great_a part_n addition_n to_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o king_n edward_n and_o his_o predecessor_n i_o shall_v give_v you_o three_o or_o four_o of_o these_o new_a law_n 254._o and_o then_o i_o shall_v leave_v you_o to_o judge_v who_o be_v the_o true_a freeman_n or_o freeholder_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n they_o the_o first_o be_v the_o 52_o d_o law_n of_o this_o king_n tit._n de_fw-fr fide_fw-la &_o obsequio_fw-la ergo_fw-la regem_fw-la statuâ—mus_fw-la etiam_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la faedere_fw-la &_o sacramento_n affirmarent_fw-la quod_fw-la intra_fw-la &_o extra_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la quod_fw-la olim_fw-la vocabâ—o_fw-la regnum_fw-la britanny_n wilâ—ielmo_n regi_fw-la domino_fw-la svo_fw-la fideles_fw-la esse_fw-la volunt_fw-la tâ—ras_n &_o honour_n illius_fw-la omni_fw-la fidelitate_fw-la seruare_fw-la cum_fw-la eo_fw-la &_o contra_fw-la inimicos_fw-la &_o alienigenar_a difendere_fw-la now_o who_o these_o freeman_n be_v that_o be_v thus_o to_o maintain_v the_o king_n in_o his_o land_n and_o honour_n we_o shall_v see_v in_o the_o 55th_o law_n follow_v tit._n de_n clienteleri_fw-la seu_fw-la feudorum_fw-la jure_fw-la &_o ingenuòrum_fw-la immunitate_fw-la volumus_fw-la etiam_fw-la ac_fw-la firmiter_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la &_o concedimus_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la totius_fw-la monarchiae_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la praedicti_fw-la habeant_fw-la &_o â—â—_o mean_v terras_fw-la svas_fw-la &_o póssessiones_fw-la sâ—â—s_fw-la benè_fw-la &_o in_o pace_n libere_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la exactione_n injusto_fw-la &_o ab_fw-la omni_fw-la tallagio_n it_o a_o quod_fw-la nihil_fw-la ab_fw-la eye_n exigatur_fw-la vel_fw-la capiatur_fw-la nisi_fw-la servitium_fw-la suum_fw-la liberum_fw-la quod_fw-la de_fw-la jùre_fw-la nobis_fw-la facere_fw-la debent_fw-la &_o facere_fw-la tenentur_fw-la &_o prout_fw-la statutum_n est_fw-la in_o &_o allis_fw-la a_o nobis_fw-la datum_n &_o concessum_fw-la jure_fw-la hereditario_fw-la imperpetuum_fw-la per_fw-la commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la votius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la whereby_o you_o may_v see_v that_o all_o the_o freeman_n here_o mention_v who_o be_v to_o hold_v their_o land_n and_o possession_n in_o peace_n and_o free_a from_o all_o unjâ—_n exaction_n and_o taillage_n be_v only_o such_o who_o be_v to_o perform_v free_a service_n i._n e._n knight_n service_n which_o be_v before_o appoint_v and_o grant_v they_o in_o hereditary_a right_n by_o the_o king_n in_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o that_o none_o be_v proper_o freeman_n or_o exempt_v from_o tax_n or_o talliage_n 17._o but_o such_o as_o hold_v by_o military_a tenure_n though_o not_o knight_v and_o pray_v also_o by_o the_o way_n take_v notice_n that_o by_o this_o commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la regni_fw-la you_o be_v not_o to_o understand_v a_o council_n of_o english_a man_n or_o of_o english_a and_o french_a together_o but_o one_o whole_o make_v up_o of_o frenchman_n or_o norman_n who_o as_o well_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n as_o temporal_a earl_n and_o baron_n hold_v almost_o all_o the_o land_n in_o the_o kingdom_n by_o knight_n service_n which_o be_v also_o far_o make_v out_o by_o the_o 58_o the_o law_n tit._n de_n clientum_fw-la seu_fw-la vassallorem_fw-la prastationibus_fw-la statuimus_fw-la etiam_fw-la &_o firmiter_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o berme_n &_o milites_fw-la &_o servientes_fw-la &_o universi_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la prâ—â—â—â—tihabeant_fw-la &_o teneant_fw-la se_fw-la semper_fw-la benè_fw-la in_o armis_fw-la &_o in_o equis_fw-la ut_fw-la decet_fw-la &_o oportet_fw-la &_o qud_fw-la sint_fw-la semper_fw-la prompti_fw-la &_o benè_fw-la parati_fw-la ad_fw-la servitium_fw-la suum_fw-la integrum_fw-la nobis_fw-la explendum_fw-la &_o pâ—â—â—gendum_fw-la cum_fw-la semper_fw-la opus_fw-la adfuerit_fw-la secundum_fw-la quod_fw-la nobis_fw-la debent_fw-la de_fw-la feodis_fw-la &_o teneâ—â—â—tis_fw-la suis_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la facere_fw-la &_o sicut_fw-la illis_fw-la statuimus_fw-la per_fw-la commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la praedicti_fw-la &_o illis_fw-la dedimus_fw-la &_o concessimus_fw-la in_o feodo_fw-la jure_fw-la haereditario_fw-la hoc_fw-la praeceptum_fw-la non_fw-la sit_fw-la violatum_fw-la ullo_fw-la modo_fw-la super_fw-la foris_fw-la facturam_fw-la nostram_fw-la plenam_fw-la so_o that_o here_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o his_o kingdom_n be_v to_o perform_v their_o military_a service_n ibid._n with_o horse_n and_o arm_n according_a to_o their_o fee_n and_o tenor_n therefore_o they_o be_v tenant_n in_o military_a service_n only_o which_o in_o those_o time_n be_v the_o only_a great_a freeman_n and_o that_o service_n the_o only_a free_a service_n which_o be_v mean_v in_o this_o law_n and_o â—ow_o different_a they_o be_v from_o our_o ordinary_a freeholder_n at_o this_o day_n for_o who_o neither_o of_o these_o law_n be_v make_v i_o dare_v leave_v it_o
of_o the_o great_a council_n and_o the_o common_a university_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n for_o it_o be_v obvious_a that_o when_o all_o the_o lay_v lord_n earl_n and_o baron_n to_o who_o you_o may_v also_o add_v your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la if_o you_o please_v be_v meet_v together_o be_v ask_v by_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o prior_n then_o present_a whether_o they_o will_v agree_v with_o they_o or_o not_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n answer_v for_o themselves_o that_o they_o will_v do_v nothing_o without_o the_o common_a university_n which_o can_v not_o possible_o be_v only_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la since_o it_o be_v plain_a they_o be_v now_o all_o here_o and_o refer_v themselves_o to_o another_o distinct_a order_n of_o man_n different_z from_o themselves_o who_o be_v not_o there_o present_a as_o also_o from_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o prior_n who_o demand_v there_o consent_n to_o what_o they_o have_v agree_v upon_o now_o 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do_v nothing_o without_o their_o consent_n till_o it_o be_v propose_v to_o they_o but_o that_o they_o do_v afterward_o all_o agree_v pray_v read_v the_o rest_n of_o this_o narration_n and_o it_o will_v make_v it_o clear_a enough_o that_o this_o common_a university_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la do_v also_o agree_v with_o the_o lord_n bishop_n and_o abbot_n the_o word_n immediate_o follow_v in_o mat._n paris_n be_v these_o tunc_fw-la de_fw-la communi_fw-la assensu_fw-la electi_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la ex_fw-la parte_fw-la cleri_fw-la blectus_fw-la cantuariensis_n wintoniensis_fw-la lincolniensis_fw-la &_o wigoriensis_fw-la episcopi_fw-la ex_fw-la parte_fw-la laicorum_fw-la richardus_fw-la comes_fw-la frater_fw-la domini_fw-la regâ—â—_n come_v bigod_n come_v legr_n s._n de_fw-fr monteforti_fw-la &_o come_v maresâ—ballus_n ex_fw-la parte_fw-la vero_fw-la baronum_fw-la richardus_fw-la de_fw-la montfiâ—hes_n &_o johannes_n de_fw-fr balliol_n &_o de_fw-fr sancto_n edmundo_n &_o rameseit_v abbate_n ut_fw-la quod_fw-la isli_fw-la duodecim_fw-la providerâ—nt_fw-la in_o communi_fw-la recitaretur_fw-la nec_fw-la aliqua_fw-la forma_fw-la domino_fw-la regi_fw-la ostenderetur_fw-la authoritate_fw-la duodecim_fw-la nisi_fw-la omnium_fw-la communis_fw-la assensus_fw-la interveniret_fw-la from_o which_o last_o passage_n it_o appear_v plain_a to_o i_o that_o in_o this_o parliament_n the_o several_a order_n of_o man_n that_o be_v the_o constituent_a part_n of_o it_o be_v only_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n and_o baron_n and_o that_o all_o these_o put_v together_o be_v term_v the_o common_a university_n which_o be_v more_o comprehensive_a than_o university_n simple_o take_v now_o if_o the_o commons_o as_o at_o this_o day_n represent_v have_v be_v there_o we_o must_v have_v have_v some_o mention_n of_o they_o one_o way_n or_o other_o as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o committee_n of_o the_o other_o order_n which_o make_v up_o the_o general_a committee_n of_o twelve_o so_o that_o it_o be_v plain_a beyond_o doubt_n that_o the_o commons_o be_v not_o part_v of_o the_o common_a university_n f._n then_o pray_v tell_v i_o who_o they_o be_v for_o the_o historian_n tell_v that_o when_o all_o these_o bishop_n abbot_n prior_n have_v now_o meet_v together_o with_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n yet_o these_o last_o â—ell_v they_o that_o without_o the_o common_a university_n they_o can_v do_v nothing_o which_o have_v be_v nonsense_n if_o as_o your_o doctor_n suppose_v the_o whole_a university_n or_o community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v be_v all_o present_a m._n i_o must_v confess_v this_o be_v a_o material_a objection_n but_o what_o if_o to_o help_v he_o out_o i_o shall_v tell_v you_o that_o by_o the_o common_a university_n here_o mention_v be_v to_o be_v understand_v the_o body_n of_o the_o inferior_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la under_o the_o degree_n of_o baron_n and_o this_o common_a university_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la may_v not_o have_v be_v present_a and_o sit_v with_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n at_o that_o time_n when_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n make_v this_o proposal_n therefore_o the_o lord_n may_v very_o well_o answer_v that_o till_o they_o have_v consult_v the_o common_a universty_a or_o body_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la they_o can_v do_v nothing_o and_o though_o this_o body_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la do_v not_o then_o actual_o sit_v with_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o follow_v that_o they_o make_v a_o distinct_a estate_n by_o themselves_o different_a from_o that_o of_o the_o lord_n or_o great_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o then_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n etc._n etc._n who_o be_v here_o express_o say_v to_o have_v consult_v by_o themselves_o must_v have_v do_v so_o likewise_o therefore_o though_o our_o author_n be_v not_o so_o particular_a as_o he_o may_v have_v be_v yet_o certain_o this_o common_a university_n be_v thereupon_o consult_v and_o give_v their_o assent_n to_o the_o choice_n of_o this_o committee_n of_o twelve_o who_o be_v to_o draw_v up_o their_o answer_n to_o the_o king_n for_o the_o word_n be_v tunc_fw-la ex_fw-la communi_fw-la assensu_fw-la electi_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la which_o seem_v to_o refer_v to_o the_o common_a university_n or_o body_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o else_o the_o lord_n excuse_v as_o well_o as_o the_o election_n of_o these_o person_n by_o the_o bishop_n earls_z etc._n etc._n have_v be_v very_o insignificant_a f._n this_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v a_o precarious_a assertion_n and_o without_o any_o due_a proof_n for_o though_o the_o word_n be_v tunc_fw-la ex_fw-la communi_fw-la assensu_fw-la yet_o i_o very_o much_o doubt_n whether_o these_o word_n do_v refer_v to_o the_o common_a university_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n or_o not_o for_o yourself_o confess_v that_o mat._n paris_n be_v short_a in_o this_o point_n and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o seem_v most_o likely_a to_o i_o by_o this_o material_a circumstance_n that_o not_o one_o person_n of_o the_o twelve_o but_o be_v either_o a_o bishop_n earl_n or_o great_a baron_n for_o that_o richard_n de_fw-fr monâ—sichet_n and_o john_n de_fw-fr baliot_n be_v so_o sir_n william_n dugdale_n have_v prove_v in_o his_o baronage_n of_o england_n 1._o whereas_o if_o the_o university_n or_o body_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v join_v in_o this_o election_n it_o be_v not_o likely_a but_o they_o will_v have_v choose_v some_o of_o their_o own_o body_n to_o represent_v they_o in_o this_o committee_n who_o be_v not_o earl_n or_o baron_n since_o yourself_o must_v confess_v that_o they_o then_o be_v a_o great_a body_n of_o man_n who_o be_v not_o lord_n nor_o do_v at_o this_o time_n sit_v or_o act_n joint_o with_o the_o lord_n or_o great_a baron_n in_o this_o assembly_n and_o likewise_o it_o far_a seem_v high_o probable_a that_o this_o common_a university_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la take_v it_o in_o your_o sense_n do_v not_o give_v any_o resolution_n in_o this_o matter_n since_o we_o do_v not_o find_v any_o money_n give_v in_o answer_n to_o the_o king_n request_n but_o only_a complaint_n of_o and_o order_n about_o redress_v of_o grievance_n which_o be_v in_o those_o day_n often_o do_v in_o a_o great_a council_n of_o the_o bishop_n lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o now_o by_o some_o other_o record_n which_o the_o dr._n himself_o have_v make_v use_n of_o 197._o that_o there_o often_o be_v a_o distinct_a assembly_n or_o council_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la different_a from_o that_o of_o the_o commons_o or_o commonalty_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n 10._o the_o first_o record_n be_v to_o be_v find_v among_o the_o patent_n roll_v of_o the_o 42._o hen._n iii_o beginning_n thus_o rex_fw-la omnibus_fw-la etc._n etc._n cum_fw-la negotiis_fw-la nostris_fw-la arduis_fw-la nos_fw-la &_o râ—gnum_fw-la nostrum_fw-la contingentibus_fw-la proceres_fw-la &_o fideles_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la ad_fw-la nos_fw-la london_n in_o quindena_fw-la paschae_fw-la proximae_fw-la praeterita_fw-la faceremus_fw-la convocari_fw-la &_o
cum_fw-la de_fw-la negoâ—iis_fw-la supra_fw-la dictis_fw-la &_o maxim_n the_o prosecutione_n negotii_fw-la siciliâ—e_fw-la diligenter_fw-la cum_fw-la iisdem_fw-la tractaremus_fw-la ac_fw-la ipsi_fw-la nobis_fw-la responderum_fw-la quod_fw-la si_fw-la statum_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la per_fw-la concilium_fw-la fidelium_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la ratificandum_fw-la duxerimus_fw-la &_o dominus_fw-la papa_n conditiones_n cirea_fw-la factum_fw-la siciliae_fw-la appositas_fw-la melioraverit_fw-la per_fw-la quod_fw-la nigeâ—ium_fw-la illud_fw-la prosequi_fw-la possâ—mus_fw-la cum_fw-la effectu_fw-la ipsi_fw-la diligentiam_fw-la fideliter_fw-la apponent_fw-la erga_fw-la communitatem_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la quod_fw-la nobis_fw-la commune_fw-la auxilium_fw-la ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la praestetur_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o rest_n i_o shall_v not_o trouble_v you_o with_o because_o it_o be_v not_o to_o our_o present_a purpose_n but_o you_o may_v here_o see_v that_o take_v the_o word_n proceres_fw-la and_o fideles_fw-la in_o your_o own_o sense_n the_o former_a for_o the_o bishop_n and_o lord_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o latter_a for_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v call_v to_o consult_v about_o the_o business_n of_o sicily_n which_o kingdom_n the_o king_n have_v before_o too_o rash_o accept_v of_o from_o the_o pope_n yet_o though_o they_o be_v all_o meet_v they_o can_v do_v nothing_o but_o give_v he_o advice_n and_o can_v give_v he_o no_o commune_fw-la auxilium_fw-la i._n e._n common_a aid_n or_o subsidy_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o commonalty_n of_o the_o kingdom_n now_o what_o can_v this_o community_n signify_v but_o the_o commons_o for_o your_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v all_o meet_v already_o and_o if_o they_o alone_o make_v up_o the_o common_a university_n or_o body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o you_o suppose_v why_o can_v they_o not_o have_v immediate_o grant_v the_o king_n the_o assistance_n he_o desire_v if_o they_o have_v a_o sufficient_a power_n so_o to_o do_v without_o put_v he_o off_o with_o a_o promise_n that_o they_o will_v use_v their_o endeavour_n with_o the_o community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o a_o distinct_a order_n or_o body_n of_o man_n that_o this_o aid_n or_o subsidy_n shall_v be_v give_v he_o and_o upon_o this_o condition_n it_o be_v that_o at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o record_n the_o king_n promise_v they_o that_o before_o christmas_n he_o will_v mend_v the_o state_n of_o the_o kingdom_n per_fw-la consilium_fw-la proborum_fw-la &_o fidelium_fw-la hominum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la which_o can_v mean_v nothing_o less_o than_o a_o parliament_n which_o the_o next_o record_n in_o the_o same_o roll_n recite_v be_v to_o meet_v at_o oxford_n after_o the_o feast_n of_o penâ—icost_n which_o record_v since_o it_o not_o only_o recite_v the_o king_n oath_n whereby_o he_o have_v bind_v himself_o to_o observe_v the_o direction_n of_o a_o committee_n of_o 24â—_n fideles_fw-la i_o e._n faithful_a or_o loyal_a man_n 12_o of_o which_o be_v to_o be_v choose_v out_o of_o the_o king_n council_n and_o the_o other_o 12._o by_o the_o procoreâ—_n or_o magnates_fw-la regni_fw-la which_o as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v may_v take_v in_o the_o commons_o as_o well_o as_o the_o lord_n but_o whether_o by_o these_o wordâ—_n be_v mean_v the_o lord_n or_o commons_o the_o conclusion_n of_o this_o record_n sufficient_o confirm_v my_o argument_n from_o the_o precedent_a record_n that_o the_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la can_v not_o then_o tax_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n at_o their_o pleasure_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o commons_o or_o else_o to_o what_o purpose_n be_v these_o word_n in_o the_o conclusion_n of_o this_o last_o record_n promiserunâ—_n etiam_fw-la nobis_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o barones_n memoraâ—i_n quod_fw-la expleris_fw-la negotiis_fw-la superius_fw-la tactic_a bonâ—_n fide_fw-la laboraâ—unt_fw-la ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la quod_fw-la auxilium_fw-la nobis_fw-la communâ—_n praestâ—â—ur_fw-la à _fw-la communitate_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la in_o cujus_fw-la rei_fw-la etc._n etc._n that_o 2._o die_v maeii_fw-la and_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o date_n as_o also_o by_o the_o entry_n on_o the_o roll_n that_o both_o these_o record_n be_v perfect_v at_o once_o and_o concern_v the_o same_o business_n and_o further_o to_o prove_v that_o the_o party_n appoint_v in_o the_o record_n to_o be_v choose_v ex_fw-la partâ—_n procerum_fw-la 6._o be_v not_o choose_v by_o the_o great_a lord_n or_o peer_n only_o may_v be_v see_v from_o a_o patent_n roll_v of_o the_o same_o 42._o hen._n iii_o whereby_o henry_n de_fw-fr wengham_n dean_n of_o st._n martin_n le_fw-fr grand_fw-fr and_o then_o keeper_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n and_o john_n manseâ—_n provost_n of_o beverlay_v be_v two_o of_o the_o say_a commissioner_n though_o they_o be_v neither_o baron_n nor_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o i_o know_v of_o hue_n only_o eminent_a lawyer_n 391._o and_o man_n of_o great_a ability_n and_o so_o mere_a commoner_n yet_o mat._n westminster_n call_v these_o man_n proceres_fw-la as_o you_o may_v see_v by_o this_o passage_n speak_v of_o this_o whole_a committee_n videntes_fw-la ergo_fw-la proceres_fw-la antedicti_fw-la viginti_fw-la quatuor_fw-la ad_fw-la regis_fw-la &_o regni_fw-la regimen_fw-la 〈◊〉_d electi_fw-la etc._n etc._n i_o shall_v only_o now_o conclude_v with_o a_o french_a record_n 199._o which_o the_o dr._n himself_o have_v also_o give_v we_o at_o large_a and_o which_o refer_v to_o the_o say_a committee_n of_o 24._o above_o mention_v it_o begin_v thus_o henry_n par_fw-fr la_fw-fr grace_n de_fw-fr dieu_fw-fr roy_fw-fr d'_fw-fr engleterre_fw-fr etc._n etc._n a_o touz_v ceus_fw-la etc._n etc._n sachiez_fw-fr ce_fw-fr pour_fw-fr le_fw-fr profit_n de_fw-fr nostre_fw-fr reâ—ume_fw-fr é_fw-fr a_fw-fr la_fw-fr request_n de_fw-fr nos_fw-la â—auz_fw-fr homes_n é_fw-fr prodes_fw-la homes_n é_fw-fr du_fw-fr commun_n de_fw-fr nostre_fw-fr râ—aume_n otreyames_n es_fw-la vinc_fw-la quatre_fw-fr homes_n eusâ—ent_a pâ—â—r_n perqâ—_n tous_fw-fr ce_fw-fr quill_n ordencirent_fw-la del_fw-it estate_n de_fw-fr nostre_fw-fr reaume_n fust_v serm_n é_fw-fr stable_a the_o rest_n be_v very_o long_o you_o may_v read_v at_o your_o leisure_n only_o i_o shall_v take_v notice_n of_o the_o date_n of_o this_o letter_n to_o which_o the_o king_n also_o put_v to_o his_o seal_n the_o conclusion_n be_v thus_o coste_n choose_v feu_fw-fr feite_v a_o lundre_v landemaigne_a prochein_o apros_fw-la la_fw-fr gaul_n bauâ—â—l'an_fw-fr de_fw-fr nostre_fw-fr corronement_n quarente_n secundo_fw-la ibid._n and_o though_o the_o dr._n caâ—_n make_v nothing_o of_o the_o word_n gaul_n baut_n this_o happen_v i_o suppose_v either_o from_o the_o bad_a write_n of_o the_o record_n or_o from_o the_o ignorance_n or_o mistake_n of_o the_o transcriber_n for_o it_o shall_v be_v gaeule_fw-fr d'_fw-fr aut_fw-la augusti_fw-la that_o be_v the_o gula_fw-la of_o august_n which_o be_v a_o great_a holy_a day_n in_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n upon_o the_o first_o of_o august_n call_v also_o st._n petri_n ad_fw-la vincula_fw-la in_o the_o memory_n of_o st._n peter_n chain_n cure_v of_o a_o roman_a virgin_n by_o her_o kiss_v they_o i_o shall_v only_o observe_v from_o this_o record_n that_o the_o hauz_fw-fr or_o prodes_fw-la homes_n mention_v in_o this_o record_n be_v take_v in_o the_o drâ—_n own_o sense_n for_o high_a and_o wise_a man_n that_o be_v the_o earl_n and_o baron_n yet_o the_o word_n è_fw-fr du_fw-fr commune_fw-la that_o immediate_o follow_v they_o must_v needs_o signify_v some_o body_n of_o man_n different_z from_o the_o former_a or_o else_o it_o have_v be_v a_o notorious_a piece_n of_o nonsense_n since_o if_o the_o former_a word_n have_v take_v in_o all_o the_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o be_v in_o your_o sense_n the_o whole_a community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o what_o purpose_n be_v these_o word_n è_fw-mi du_fw-fr commune_fw-la that_o be_v immediate_o subjoin_v since_o the_o hauz_fw-fr &_o prodes_fw-la homes_n will_v have_v serve_v to_o express_v all_o the_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la whether_o take_v as_o great_a or_o as_o wise_a men._n m._n i_o confess_v what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v will_v carry_v some_o weight_n with_o it_o be_v i_o not_o very_o well_o satisfy_v that_o you_o impose_v upon_o yourself_o by_o take_v as_o i_o tell_v you_o at_o our_o last_o meeting_n these_o word_n communitas_fw-la le_fw-fr commune_fw-la &_o communalti_fw-la in_o a_o wrong_a sense_n for_o the_o commons_o as_o they_o be_v now_o when_o indeed_o these_o word_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o hen._n iii_o nay_o the_o 18_o of_o edw._n i._o as_o the_o learned_a dr._n show_v we_o in_o his_o 2d_o edition_n against_o mr._n p._n be_v always_o to_o be_v understand_v either_o of_o the_o whole_a representative_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o general_a consist_v of_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n earl_n and_o baron_n together_o with_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la call_v by_o mat._n paris_n and_o other_o historian_n communitas_fw-la baronagii_fw-la or_o else_o for_o the_o community_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o style_v communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la in_o our_o ancient_a record_n and_o this_o i_o think_v i_o can_v prove_v to_o
continue_v on_o now_o the_o doctor_n upon_o second_o thought_n in_o â—is_n edition_n in_o folio_n will_v have_v they_o never_o to_o be_v summon_v any_o more_o than_o that_o once_o because_o forsooth_o he_o can_v find_v they_o mention_v in_o such_o express_a word_n as_o that_o he_o can_v evade_v they_o by_o say_v the_o sense_n be_v equivocal_a and_o if_o the_o commons_o not_o be_v express_o mention_v in_o our_o statute_n be_v a_o sufficient_a reason_n to_o prove_v they_o not_o to_o have_v be_v there_o be_v the_o writ_n of_o summons_n lose_v as_o well_o after_o as_o they_o be_v before_o the_o 23â—_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o you_o may_v as_o well_o have_v face_v we_o down_o that_o there_o be_v none_o in_o all_o that_o time_n till_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la you_o now_o mention_v and_o for_o proof_n of_o this_o pray_v see_v the_o statute_n call_v articuli_fw-la super_fw-la charâ—â—s_fw-la make_v in_o the_o 28_o the_o of_o this_o king_n which_o be_v 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a_o few_o and_o for_o the_o great_a part_n but_o one_o in_o each_o year_n never_o but_o two_o in_o any_o year_n in_o all_o this_o long_a reign_n unless_o it_o be_v the_o 39th_o in_o which_o there_o be_v four_o which_o be_v very_o strange_a that_o in_o so_o busy_a a_o time_n as_o most_o of_o this_o king_n reign_n be_v there_o shall_v be_v no_o more_o roll_n leave_v and_o therefore_o it_o seem_v very_o probable_a that_o at_o least_o half_a be_v lose_v and_o in_o which_o may_v be_v many_o summons_n as_o well_o to_o the_o commons_o as_o to_o the_o lord_n and_o if_o they_o be_v not_o lose_v pray_v tell_v i_o what_o be_v become_v of_o all_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o your_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o certain_o often_o meet_v in_o this_o long_a reign_n according_a to_o king_n john_n charter_n but_o if_o you_o will_v tell_v i_o they_o be_v lose_v or_o omit_v to_o be_v enter_v upon_o the_o close_a roll_n i_o may_v with_o like_a reason_n and_o certainty_n affirm_v the_o 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to_o this_o parliament_n i_o conceive_v it_o be_v not_o out_o of_o any_o jealousy_n or_o suspicion_n in_o simon_n monfort_n of_o those_o who_o be_v then_o his_o fast_a friend_n but_o out_o of_o pure_a carelessness_n or_o omission_n of_o the_o clerk_n who_o i_o suppose_v through_o haste_n inadvertency_n or_o multiplicity_n of_o business_n omit_v to_o enter_v the_o name_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o earl_n bishop_n and_o baron_n to_o who_o writ_n of_o summons_n be_v likewise_o send_v and_o that_o i_o do_v not_o speak_v without_o book_n i_o appeal_v to_o the_o record_n itself_o where_o there_o be_v a_o blank_a space_n leave_v unfilled_a of_o about_o four_o inch_n breadth_n which_o can_v be_v leave_v for_o no_o other_o end_n than_o to_o add_v the_o name_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n who_o be_v certain_o summon_v to_o that_o parliament_n as_o well_o as_o those_o who_o name_n be_v there_o express_v m._n i_o shall_v not_o long_o dispute_v this_o point_n 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by_o the_o doctor_n together_o with_o sir_n william_n dugdale_n comment_n upon_o it_o make_v it_o out_o plain_a enough_o that_o the_o lay_v commissioner_n who_o be_v choose_v by_o all_o the_o party_n there_o name_v to_o make_v this_o statute_n be_v all_o great_a earl_n and_o baron_n though_o in_o the_o record_n itself_o only_o style_v knight_n well_o what_o follow_v from_o all_o this_o that_o the_o commons_o can_v have_v no_o hand_n in_o this_o choice_n because_o the_o tous_fw-fr autres_fw-fr or_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la mention_v in_o this_o and_o other_o record_n must_v needs_o always_o signify_v the_o small_a sort_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o i_o say_v it_o signify_v the_o commons_o as_o now_o take_v whether_o you_o have_v make_v good_a your_o interpretation_n by_o any_o cogent_a proof_n i_o must_v leave_v to_o your_o own_o ingenuity_n for_o to_o tell_v you_o the_o truth_n i_o think_v your_o doctor_n have_v lead_v you_o astray_o in_o this_o point_n and_o till_o you_o can_v 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that_o they_o ever_o shall_v desire_v this_o as_o a_o privilege_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v only_o since_o the_o neglect_n of_o this_o good_a old_a law_n for_o wage_n that_o so_o many_o burrough_n which_o mr._n prin_fw-mi hear_v mention_n to_o have_v have_v precept_n again_o send_v they_o of_o late_a year_n to_o elect_a member_n after_o some_o age_n intermission_n desire_v to_o have_v this_o privilege_n renew_v to_o they_o as_o be_v do_v in_o the_o case_n of_o those_o burrough_n he_o here_o mention_n which_o yet_o certain_o have_v be_v very_o gross_a 238._o and_o contrary_a to_o all_o common_a right_n if_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o have_v not_o then_o believe_v those_o burrough_n to_o have_v a_o have_v high_a right_o by_o prescription_n than_o the_o sheriff_n precept_n give_v they_o as_o for_o the_o last_o rank_n viz._n those_o burrough_n create_v by_o the_o writ_n or_o charter_n of_o our_o king_n i_o need_v say_v but_o little_a since_o this_o author_n here_o grant_v such_o 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the_o whole_a populace_n or_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o town_n that_o be_v to_o elect_a before_o but_o to_o show_v you_o from_o the_o very_a statute_n themselves_o that_o mr._n prin_fw-mi have_v here_o cite_v that_o the_o right_n of_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n to_o appear_v in_o parliament_n be_v not_o ancient_o look_v upon_o to_o have_v have_v no_o other_o original_a than_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o sheriff_n pray_v read_v these_o clause_n of_o the_o statute_n he_o have_v here_o quote_v 241._o the_o first_o be_v that_o memorable_a statute_n of_o the_o 5_o of_o richard_n 2d_o 2d_o parl._n c._n 5._o now_o mention_v and_o which_o i_o have_v already_o cite_v which_o express_o enact_v that_o all_o and_o singular_a person_n and_o commonalty_n which_o from_o henceforth_o shall_v for_o time_n to_o come_v have_v summons_n of_o parliament_n shall_v come_v from_o henceforth_o as_o before_o to_o parliament_n in_o the_o manner_n as_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o do_v and_o have_v be_v accustom_v within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n of_o old_a time_n and_o whatever_o person_n of_o the_o say_a realm_n which_o from_o henceforth_o shall_v have_v the_o say_a summons_n be_v he_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_z prior_n duke_n earl_n baron_n banneret_n knight_n of_o shire_n citizen_n of_o city_n burgess_n of_o burgh_n or_o other_o singular_a person_n or_o commonalty_n do_v absent_a himself_o and_o come_v not_o at_o the_o say_a summons_n except_o he_o may_v reasonable_o and_o lawful_o excuse_v himself_o to_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n he_o shall_v be_v amerce_v and_o otherwise_o punish_v according_a as_o of_o old_a time_n have_v be_v use_v to_o be_v do_v within_o the_o say_a realm_n in_o the_o say_a case_n and_o if_o any_o sheriff_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v henceforth_o negligent_a in_o make_v his_o return_n of_o the_o writ_n of_o the_o parliament_n or_o that_o he_o shall_v leave_v out_o of_o the_o say_v return_v any_o city_n or_o burrough_n which_o be_v bind_v and_o of_o old_a time_n be_v wont_a to_o come_v to_o parliament_n he_o shall_v be_v punish_v in_o the_o manner_n as_o be_v accustom_v to_o be_v do_v in_o the_o say_a case_n of_o old_a time_n in_o the_o french_a do_v anciente_a from_o which_o statute_n we_o may_v draw_v these_o conclusion_n first_o that_o the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n be_v as_o suppose_v by_o this_o statute_n to_o have_v a_o like_v right_o to_o have_v summons_n to_o parliament_n as_o have_v be_v accustom_v of_o old_a time_n as_o well_o as_o the_o lord_n spiritual_n and_o temporal_a here_o mention_v second_o that_o by_o these_o word_n have_v be_v accustom_v of_o old_a time_n or_o do_v anciente_a we_o be_v to_o understand_v a_o general_a custom_n of_o the_o realm_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n that_o be_v by_o prescription_n so_o that_o if_o the_o bishop_n abbott_n and_o temporal_a lord_n be_v here_o acknowledge_v to_o have_v have_v a_o right_a to_o sit_v in_o parliament_n by_o prescription_n so_o have_v the_o commons_o likewise_o by_o the_o same_o word_n equal_o apply_v to_o all_o the_o order_n here_o mention_v last_o that_o if_o the_o sheriff_n shall_v neglect_v in_o make_v return_n to_o any_o such_o city_n and_o burrough_n which_o be_v thus_o bind_v to_o come_v to_o the_o parliament_n of_o old_a time_n he_o shall_v be_v punish_v as_o have_v be_v accustom_v to_o be_v do_v in_o all_o time_n past_a or_o do_v anciente_a now_o pray_v tell_v with_o what_o colour_n of_o justice_n the_o sheriff_n can_v be_v thus_o punish_v if_o there_o have_v be_v no_o certain_a rule_n to_o know_v what_o â—_z and_o burrough_n be_v bind_v to_o come_v to_o parliament_n of_o old_a time_n but_o it_o have_v be_v whole_o leave_v at_o the_o sheriff_n discretion_n which_o they_o shall_v summons_n and_o which_o they_o will_v omit_v let_v we_o next_o compare_v this_o with_o the_o statute_n of_o 23d_o of_o henry_n 6_o c._n 15._o which_o mr._n prin_fw-mi have_v here_o also_o give_v we_o recite_v that_o divers_a sheriff_n of_o county_n have_v sometime_o return_v none_o of_o the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n lawful_o choose_v to_o come_v to_o the_o parliament_n but_o such_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n have_v be_v return_v which_o be_v never_o due_o choose_v and_o other_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n than_o those_o which_o by_o the_o mayor_n and_o bailiff_n be_v to_o the_o say_a sheriff_n return_v and_o moreover_o by_o no_o precept_n to_o the_o mayor_n and_o bailift_n or_o to_o the_o bailiff_n or_o bailiâ—â—i_n where_o no_o mayor_n be_v for_o the_o elect_v of_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n to_o come_v to_o the_o parliament_n and_o then_o appoint_v the_o penalty_n for_o the_o say_a abuse_n and_o neglect_v now_o pray_v let_v i_o ask_v you_o whether_o this_o bare_a abuse_n of_o the_o sheriff_n and_o neglect_v of_o the_o duty_n of_o their_o office_n here_o condemn_v by_o this_o statute_n and_o for_o which_o the_o former_a statute_n of_o richard_n ii_o declare_v they_o punishable_a at_o common_a law_n as_o this_o act_n make_v they_o liable_a to_o it_o by_o statute_n law_n can_v give_v they_o such_o a_o arbitrary_a power_n as_o this_o author_n fancy_n much_o less_o can_v serve_v to_o corroborate_v his_o opinion_n as_o he_o here_o suppose_v it_o do_v concern_v the_o true_a original_n continuance_n discontinuance_n revive_v and_o antiquate_v parliamentary_a city_n and_o burrough_n not_o by_o charter_n and_o patent_n from_o the_o king_n or_o prescription_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n but_o by_o the_o sheriff_n arbitrary_a power_n and_o return_v by_o the_o forecited_a general_a clause_n in_o the_o writ_n but_o since_o i_o confess_v i_o have_v dwell_v too_o long_o on_o my_o answer_n to_o mr._n prin_n argument_n i_o shall_v conclude_v with_o only_o give_v you_o one_o record_n which_o i_o hope_v will_v sufficient_o satisfy_v you_o that_o not_o only_a st._n alban_n but_o several_a other_o ancient_n burrough_n claim_v to_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n by_o prescription_n which_o appear_v by_o a_o writ_n or_o commission_n recite_v a_o peâ—ition_n of_o the_o town_n of_o barnstaple_n to_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o and_o his_o council_n in_o parliament_n which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o patent-roll_n of_o the_o 17_o of_o this_o king_n dorso_fw-la set_v forth_o that_o the_o say_a town_n have_v be_v a_o free_a burrough_n à _fw-la tempore_fw-la câ—jus_fw-la contrarii_fw-la memoria_fw-la non_fw-la exisâ—it_fw-la and_o as_o such_o enjoy_v divers_a liberty_n and_o free_a custom_n by_o a_o charter_n of_o king_n athelstan_n and_o this_o among_o other_o ac_fw-la quod_fw-la ad_fw-la singula_fw-la parliamenta_fw-la nâ—stra_fw-la &_o dictorum_fw-la antecessorum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la among_o which_o the_o say_a king_n athelstan_n must_v certain_o be_v reckon_v for_o one_o duos_fw-la burgenses_n pro_fw-la communitate_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la burgi_n mittere_fw-la solebant_fw-la and_o therefore_o
of_o this_o i_o shall_v proceed_v with_o the_o early_a instance_n of_o this_o kind_n after_o the_o conquest_n viz._n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n richard_n the_o first_o during_o who_o absence_n in_o the_o holy_a land_n he_o have_v commit_v the_o government_n of_o his_o kingdom_n to_o william_n bishop_n of_o ely_n 399._o who_o abuse_v his_o power_n by_o a_o arbitrary_a and_o insolent_a carriage_n affront_a and_o oppress_v john_n earl_n of_o morton_n the_o king_n be_v own_o brother_n and_o geoffry_n archbishop_n of_o york_n the_o king_n be_v base_a brother_n whereupon_o they_o rise_v up_o against_o he_o and_o have_v the_o bishop_n the_o earl_n and_o baron_n of_o their_o side_n appoint_v the_o say_a bishop_n a_o day_n to_o answer_v to_o his_o crime_n in_o the_o king_n court_n or_o great_a council_n of_o the_o bishop_n lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la then_o call_v curia_fw-la regis_fw-la where_o when_o he_o refuse_v to_o appear_v they_o all_o with_o one_o consent_n come_v to_o london_n and_o fight_v with_o the_o follower_n and_o adherent_n of_o the_o say_a chancellor_n by_o the_o way_n when_o they_o come_v to_o town_n earl_n john_n with_o the_o arch-bishop_n of_o york_n and_o roven_n with_o all_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n together_o with_o the_o citizen_n of_o london_n meet_v in_o st._n paul_n churchyard_n and_o there_o it_o be_v propose_v that_o the_o say_a chancellor_n shall_v for_o his_o evil_a government_n he_o depose_v and_o banish_v the_o kingdom_n and_o so_o he_o immediate_o be_v by_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o that_o you_o see_v the_o nobility_n clergy_n and_o people_n have_v then_o no_o notion_n of_o a_o irresistible_a power_n in_o the_o king_n and_o those_o put_v in_o commission_n by_o he_o when_o they_o find_v their_o power_n to_o grow_v tyrannical_a and_o insupportable_a m._n but_o if_o i_o forget_v not_o you_o omit_v one_o material_a circumstance_n in_o this_o affâ—ir_n which_o seem_v to_o make_v against_o you_o which_o be_v that_o archbishop_n of_o roven_n and_o william_n the_o earl_n marshal_n do_v at_o that_o time_n produce_v the_o king_n letter_n sign_v with_o his_o 〈◊〉_d wherein_o he_o have_v appoint_v that_o they_o two_o shall_v be_v associate_v in_o the_o government_n with_o the_o bishop_n of_o ely_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v do_v nothing_o without_o their_o privity_n and_o consent_n and_o of_o those_o associate_v with_o he_o in_o the_o business_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o that_o if_o he_o offer_v to_o do_v otherwise_o he_o shall_v be_v depose_v so_o that_o it_o seem_v what_o they_o now_o act_v be_v not_o so_o muchin_n opposition_n to_o the_o king_n commission_n as_o to_o the_o bishop_n who_o have_v refuse_v to_o obey_v his_o command_n f._n i_o confess_v it_o be_v as_o you_o set_v forth_o yet_o this_o make_v nothing_o against_o my_o opinion_n since_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o arm_n be_v take_v and_o this_o resistance_n make_v by_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n together_o with_o the_o londoner_n before_o ever_o it_o be_v know_v that_o such_o letter_n be_v write_v by_o the_o king_n and_o so_o it_o seem_v they_o will_v have_v do_v much_o the_o same_o thing_n if_o there_o have_v be_v no_o such_o letter_n send_v by_o the_o king_n at_o all_o you_o may_v also_o remember_v that_o all_o these_o proceed_n also_o be_v approve_v of_o and_o confirm_v by_o the_o king_n himself_o but_o that_o i_o may_v proceed_v in_o my_o history_n of_o nonresistance_n i_o come_v to_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n john_n his_o brother_n who_o when_o he_o have_v refuse_v the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o all_o the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o confirm_v the_o great_a charter_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o first_o dein_fw-ge they_o together_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o great_a man_n and_o people_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o all_o degree_n and_o condition_n take_v up_o arm_n and_o make_v a_o vast_a army_n 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dare_v appeal_n to_o any_o indifferent_a judge_n for_o i_o think_v i_o have_v sufficient_o make_v out_o that_o resistance_n by_o the_o whole_a people_n or_o major_a part_n of_o it_o against_o a_o general_a and_o intolerable_a tyranny_n be_v no_o diminution_n of_o supreme_a civil_a power_n nor_o inconsistent_a with_o it_o nor_o be_v your_o reason_n for_o your_o opinion_n any_o true_a than_o the_o rest_n that_o private_a person_n whether_o take_v single_a or_o in_o a_o whole_a civil_a society_n can_v have_v no_o power_n but_o what_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o supreme_a which_o be_v by_o no_o mean_n so_o for_o every_o private_a man_n of_o the_o society_n than_o act_n by_o a_o power_n precedent_n to_o it_o viz._n the_o natural_a power_n of_o self-preservation_n or_o defence_n which_o no_o man_n ever_o absolute_o give_v up_o neither_o for_o himself_o nor_o his_o child_n when_o he_o become_v a_o member_n of_o that_o commonwealth_n though_o he_o be_v oblige_v for_o the_o peace_n of_o the_o 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this_o question_n be_v sir_n will._n dugdale_n in_o his_o origines_fw-la juridiciales_fw-la who_o though_o he_o transcribe_v the_o same_o notion_n and_o argument_n from_o the_o 〈◊〉_d mention_a glossary_a 15._o yet_o allow_v the_o commons_o of_o england_n to_o have_v be_v always_o after_o some_o manner_n represent_v in_o parliament_n though_o not_o by_o representative_n of_o their_o own_o choose_n yet_o agree_v with_o the_o author_n of_o the_o passage_n in_o the_o glossary_a that_o the_o commons_o first_o begin_v by_o rebellion_n in_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o which_o opinion_n be_v look_n upon_o not_o only_o as_o novel_a and_o erroneous_a but_o dangerous_a to_o the_o parlamental_a right_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n be_v oppose_v by_o william_n petyt_n esq_n in_o his_o treatise_n entitle_v the_o right_n of_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n assertio_fw-la which_o be_v also_o second_v by_o the_o author_n of_o the_o treatise_n call_v jani_fw-la 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the_o people_n than_o make_v a_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n from_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o the_o saxon_a time_n m._n pray_v sir_n 4._o will_v you_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o answer_v your_o question_n one_o by_o one_o as_o you_o go_v for_o fear_v i_o shall_v not_o only_o forget_v they_o but_o also_o tire_v you_o with_o too_o long_a a_o speech_n in_o the_o first_o place_n therefore_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o tell_v you_o that_o you_o be_v very_o much_o mistake_v to_o suppose_v that_o by_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la be_v here_o mean_v the_o common_a people_n or_o vulgar_a whereas_o when_o clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la be_v use_v together_o in_o our_o ancient_a writer_n of_o those_o time_n it_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o people_n or_o laity_n and_o not_o the_o common_a people_n for_o then_o the_o lord_n or_o great_a man_n will_v have_v be_v quite_o leave_v out_o of_o this_o council_n as_o certain_o they_o 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tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n be_v
far_o confirm_v by_o several_a undeniable_a authority_n wherein_o by_o the_o communitas_fw-la populi_n must_v be_v understand_v not_o the_o community_n of_o the_o people_n or_o commons_o but_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o to_o give_v you_o a_o answer_n why_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la can_v not_o comprehend_v all_o sort_n of_o people_n among_o the_o saxon_n as_o it_o do_v among_o the_o roman_n but_o only_o the_o nobility_n who_o be_v then_o properly_z speaking_z the_o only_a freeman_n be_v this_o that_o none_o but_o the_o nobility_n possess_v any_o land_n in_o fee-simple_n all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o mean_a sort_n of_o people_n then_o call_v cheorl_n folk_n hold_v they_o in_o villanage_n under_o their_o lord_n or_o thanes_z be_v no_o better_a than_o mere_a villain_n or_o costager_n and_o who_o be_v all_o bind_v to_o the_o good_a behaviour_n every_o ten_o family_n be_v bind_v one_o for_o another_o in_o the_o sheriff_n tear_v or_o court_n of_o franc-pledge_a under_o their_o head_n or_o ten_o man_n call_v the_o tythingman_n who_o be_v to_o answer_v for_o they_o so_o that_o the_o common_a people_n of_o england_n be_v not_o such_o a_o free_a people_n nor_o have_v any_o share_n in_o the_o government_n as_o some_o suppose_v there_o be_v i_o believe_v no_o such_o person_n as_o our_o yeoman_n or_o farrier_n in_o those_o day_n f._n though_o perhaps_o this_o law_n may_v very_o well_o be_v transcribe_v from_o some_o old_a copâ—â—_n of_o king_n aethelbert_n law_n not_o now_o extant_a and_o in_o which_o there_o may_v be_v the_o word_n thanes_z instead_o of_o baronibus_fw-la which_o be_v but_o a_o translation_n of_o it_o in_o the_o sense_n iâ—_n which_o it_o be_v use_v not_o long_o after_o the_o conquest_n nor_o be_v it_o true_a which_o you_o affirm_v that_o the_o word_n barones_n be_v never_o in_o use_n before_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n in_o ancient_a charter_n as_o i_o shall_v prove_v to_o you_o by_o this_o charter_n of_o king_n edgar_n to_o the_o abbey_n of_o westminster_n contain_v a_o confirmation_n of_o their_o ancient_a charter_n and_o privilege_n collect_v 〈◊〉_d the_o aforesaid_a sulcardus_n 7._o a_o monk_n of_o westminster_n as_o it_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o cottonian_a library_n the_o charter_n itself_o be_v long_o but_o conclude_v thus_o in_o concilio_n habito_fw-la infra_fw-la basilicam_fw-la westmonast_n praesidente_fw-la 〈◊〉_d filio_fw-la svo_fw-la edwardo_n &_o archiepo_n dunstano_n &_o universis_fw-la episcopâ—â—_n &_o baronibus_fw-la suis_fw-la where_o you_o may_v see_v that_o the_o word_n be_v not_o unknown_a before_o the_o time_n of_o william_n i._o and_o i_o can_v give_v you_o more_o instance_n of_o other_o king_n charter_n where_o the_o same_o word_n be_v use_v before_o the_o conquest_n be_v it_o worth_a the_o while_n to_o trouble_v you_o with_o they_o and_o so_o likewise_o populus_fw-la for_o people_n or_o folk_n in_o the_o saxon_a yet_o take_v it_o as_o you_o suppose_v to_o have_v be_v write_v not_o long_o before_o the_o time_n hoveden_n write_v his_o history_n which_o be_v above_o 80_o year_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o hen._n iii_o this_o author_n or_o whoever_o else_o add_v this_o passage_n to_o this_o law_n about_o tithe_n do_v then_o suppose_v that_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n then_o use_v the_o people_n have_v representative_n in_o those_o assembly_n which_o i_o shall_v prove_v from_o your_o own_o sense_n of_o these_o word_n for_o if_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la signify_v here_o another_o sort_n of_o man_n different_a from_o the_o lord_n than_o this_o word_n populus_fw-la mus_fw-la necessary_o signify_v some_o that_o be_v commons_o and_o not_o lord_n by_o your_o own_o concession_n and_o who_o also_o must_v represent_v other_o beside_o themselves_o but_o it_o be_v high_o improbable_a that_o by_o this_o word_n populus_fw-la shall_v be_v mean_v the_o communitas_fw-la angliae_fw-la or_o the_o communitas_fw-la baronum_fw-la for_o then_o since_o the_o word_n baronum_n will_v have_v include_v all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la both_o great_a and_o small_a to_o what_o purpose_n shall_v the_o word_n populus_fw-la have_v be_v add_v at_o all_o therefore_o i_o be_o so_o far_o from_o believe_v this_o way_n of_o express_v the_o several_a estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o have_v be_v a_o monkish_a blunder_n as_o you_o suppose_v that_o â—t_a be_v rather_o a_o common_a and_o ordinary_a way_n of_o expression_n among_o the_o writer_n of_o those_o timeâ—_n as_o well_o in_o record_n as_o history_n who_o then_o very_o well_o know_v the_o people_n or_o commons_o to_o be_v a_o estate_n or_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n quite_o different_a from_o the_o lord_n and_o in_o which_o sense_n it_o be_v recite_v in_o a_o ancient_a charter_n of_o king_n john_n that_o he_o be_v divorce_v the_o new_a queen_n be_v crown_v 33._o de_fw-fr communi_fw-la assensu_fw-la &_o concordi_fw-la voluntate_fw-la archiepiscoporum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la comitum_fw-la baronum_fw-la cleri_fw-la &_o pâ—puli_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la where_o by_o clerus_fw-la it_o be_v plain_a must_v be_v mean_v the_o inferior_a clergy_n represent_v by_o their_o proxy_n in_o this_o great_a synod_n or_o parliament_n and_o by_o populus_fw-la be_v understand_v the_o people_n or_o commons_o likewise_o present_a by_o their_o representative_n or_o else_o the_o word_n clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la have_v be_v idle_a tantology_n in_o this_o record_n and_o in_o the_o like_a sense_n it_o be_v also_o use_v by_o matt._n paris_n 223._o in_o the_o 9th_o of_o hen_n iii_o presentibus_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la cum_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la regionis_fw-la where_o this_o author_n make_v a_o plain_a distinction_n between_o the_o magnate_v and_o the_o populus_fw-la which_o have_v be_v altogether_o in_o vain_a if_o the_o word_n magnates_n will_v have_v comprehend_v all_o your_o great_a or_o less_o baron_n or_o tenant_n 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signify_v only_o the_o great_a nobility_n i_o shall_v now_o conclude_v with_o a_o few_o word_n in_o reply_n to_o your_o answer_n why_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la can_v not_o among_o the_o saxon_n take_v in_o all_o sort_n of_o people_n as_o well_o as_o among_o the_o roman_n for_o i_o can_v take_v it_o as_o a_o satisfactory_a answer_n for_o these_o reason_n 1._o because_o though_o i_o shall_v grant_v that_o the_o vulgar_a sort_n of_o people_n be_v great_a slave_n than_o they_o be_v now_o and_o that_o they_o have_v no_o hereditary_a property_n in_o their_o estate_n but_o at_o the_o will_n of_o their_o lord_n yet_o do_v it_o therefore_o follow_v that_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v nobleman_n or_o gentleman_n or_o else_o villain_n as_o now_o understand_v since_o nitardus_fw-la tell_v we_o in_o the_o place_n above_o mention_v that_o there_o be_v three_o sort_n of_o people_n among_o the_o saxon_n edelingi_n frilingâ—_n &_o lazzi_n i_o e._n gentleman_n or_o nobleman_n freeman_n and_o slave_n or_o villain_n and_o this_o middle_a sort_n of_o man_n may_v also_o possess_v land_n in_o allodio_n or_o free-tenure_n though_o they_o do_v also_o depend_v upon_o other_o great_a man_n for_o protection_n and_o seem_v to_o be_v those_o who_o be_v after_o the_o conquest_n call_v in_o doomsday_n book_n 56._o commendate_n i._n e._n such_o who_o though_o they_o live_v under_o the_o protection_n and_o within_o the_o district_n of_o some_o great_a man_n lord_n or_o patron_n yet_o as_o sir_n hen._n spelman_n tell_v we_o be_v free_a both_o as_o to_o their_o person_n and_o estate_n not_o as_o swear_v to_o or_o hold_v of_o any_o but_o the_o king_n and_o beside_o these_o there_o be_v also_o great_a body_n of_o man_n in_o city_n and_o burgh_n town_n and_o those_o very_a considerable_a for_o estate_n and_o other_o riches_n who_o though_o not_o noble_o bear_v and_o yet_o be_v freeman_n it_o be_v but_o reasonable_a that_o they_o shall_v have_v their_o representative_n in_o parliament_n as_o well_o as_o the_o former_a m._n i_o shall_v not_o at_o present_a
lord_n or_o peer_n of_o parliament_n and_o that_o the_o rest_n be_v the_o lesser_a or_o low_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la sometime_o style_v barones_n minores_fw-la be_v for_o some_o time_n before_o this_o summon_v by_o general_a writ_n direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n or_o bailiff_n as_o appear_v by_o king_n john_n magna_fw-la charta_fw-la 18._o now_o whether_o these_o man_n be_v ever_o real_o peer_n or_o not_o i_o have_v reason_n to_o doubt_v since_o i_o do_v not_o find_v but_o it_o be_v they_o alone_a who_o for_o some_o year_n after_o the_o conquest_n serve_v upon_o jury_n in_o county_n court_n and_o dispatch_v all_o the_o public_a business_n of_o the_o country_n which_o be_v then_o as_o at_o this_o day_n a_o drudgery_n beneath_o the_o peer_n to_o perform_v and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v not_o insist_v upon_o it_o but_o thus_o much_o i_o think_v be_v certain_a that_o they_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o person_n much_o above_o any_o other_o layman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n since_o they_o hold_v their_o estate_n immediate_o from_o the_o king_n and_o be_v so_o considerable_a as_o that_o by_o the_o constitution_n of_o clarendon_n they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v excommunicate_v without_o the_o king_n leave_n and_o so_o be_v then_o in_o some_o sort_n of_o the_o same_o order_n ratione_fw-la tenurae_fw-la with_o the_o great_a baron_n or_o peer_n be_v common_o style_v barones_n and_o make_v up_o but_o one_o estate_n or_o order_n of_o layman_n in_o parliament_n and_o from_o thence_o i_o suppose_v proceed_v that_o common_a error_n of_o sir_n ed._n coke_n that_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o do_v ancient_o sit_v together_o and_o make_v but_o one_o house_n now_o if_o you_o have_v any_o thing_n to_o object_n against_o this_o notion_n pray_v let_v i_o hear_v it_o f._n i_o think_v you_o and_o i_o be_v come_v pretty_a near_o a_o issue_n in_o this_o question_n for_o you_o confess_v that_o these_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o who_o you_o comprise_v under_o the_o word_n barones_n be_v not_o true_o and_o proper_o baron_n and_o so_o far_o you_o be_v in_o the_o right_n but_o yet_o you_o will_v have_v they_o to_o be_v somewhat_o more_o than_o mere_a commoner_n as_o if_o there_o have_v be_v some_o degree_n or_o order_n of_o man_n in_o england_n in_o those_o time_n who_o be_v neither_o lord_n nor_o commons_o but_o a_o amphibious_a race_n between_o both_o but_o to_o prove_v that_o they_o be_v indeed_o no_o more_o than_o commoner_n and_o not_o lord_n nor_o peeâ—s_n at_o all_o nor_o equal_a with_o they_o we_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o their_o way_n of_o trial_n in_o case_n of_o treason_n or_o felony_n which_o be_v by_o mere_a commoner_n who_o be_v not_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o well_o as_o those_o that_o be_v so_o that_o a_o person_n who_o be_v no_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o may_v serve_v upon_o a_o jury_n of_o life_n and_o death_n upon_o they_o and_o as_o well_o as_o the_o dr._n in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n as_o you_o assert_v that_o they_o only_o serve_v in_o the_o country_n upon_o all_o jury_n and_o that_o before_o the_o time_n of_o king_n john_n so_o after_o all_o this_o noise_n of_o none_o but_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la appear_v for_o the_o whole_a commons_o of_o england_n we_o find_v by_o your_o own_o show_v that_o three_o part_n in_o four_o of_o the_o lay_v member_n of_o that_o council_n be_v as_o mere_a commoner_n as_o our_o knight_n of_o shire_n and_o baron_n of_o the_o five_o port_n at_o this_o day_n nor_o can_v i_o see_v any_o reason_n why_o these_o latter_a may_v not_o be_v as_o well_o comprehend_v under_o the_o word_n barones_n as_o the_o former_a who_o be_v mere_a commoner_n likewise_o if_o we_o consider_v that_o it_o be_v neither_o nobility_n nor_o birth_n nor_o the_o king_n writ_n of_o summons_n but_o only_o the_o mere_a tenure_n of_o their_o land_n that_o give_v they_o a_o particular_a right_n to_o a_o place_n in_o that_o assembly_n in_o those_o age_n or_o if_o a_o mere_a citizen_n can_v get_v money_n enough_o to_o purchase_v such_o a_o estate_n in_o capite_fw-la he_o be_v as_o good_a a_o member_n of_o parllament_n as_o the_o best_a of_o they_o all_o so_o that_o the_o question_n than_o amount_v to_o no_o more_o than_o this_o whether_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n be_v then_o represent_v by_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o by_o knight_n of_o shire_n and_o other_o as_o they_o be_v now_o but_o since_o you_o will_v have_v none_o commoner_n but_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o have_v have_v place_n therein_o pray_v tell_v i_o whether_o you_o allow_v that_o privilege_n to_o all_o who_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la or_o not_o m._n yes_o i_o allow_v it_o to_o all_o who_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la by_o knight_n service_n and_o who_o also_o enjoy_v a_o whole_a knight_n fee_n or_o so_o much_o as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o render_v they_o able_a to_o sustain_v the_o dignity_n of_o that_o place_n not_o but_o that_o the_o king_n have_v also_o a_o prerogative_n of_o summon_v or_o omit_v who_o of_o they_o he_o please_v to_o his_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n till_o the_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la think_v it_o a_o wrong_n to_o they_o it_o be_v provide_v by_o king_n john_n charter_n that_o all_o of_o they_o shall_v be_v summon_v by_o one_o general_n write_v of_o summons_n direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n but_o i_o exclude_v from_o this_o council_n all_o tenant_n by_o petit_n serjeanty_n who_o tho_o it_o be_v true_a hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la yet_o be_v it_o not_o by_o knight_n service_n so_o likewise_o i_o exclude_v all_o city_n and_o town_n though_o the_o citizen_n or_o burgess_n of_o divers_a of_o they_o hold_v their_o land_n and_o tenement_n by_o that_o tenure_n since_o be_v neither_o noble_a by_o blood_n nor_o have_v estate_n sufficient_a to_o maintain_v the_o port_n of_o a_o gentleman_n or_o knight_n they_o have_v no_o right_a to_o appear_v there_o in_o person_n among_o the_o other_o tenant_n who_o be_v owner_n of_o one_o or_o more_o knight_n fe_n yet_o do_v i_o not_o affirm_v that_o the_o commons_o be_v not_o after_o some_o sort_n represent_v in_o parliament_n by_o their_o superior_a lord_n deim_fw-ge though_o not_o as_o commoner_n since_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o other_o baron_n do_v then_o make_v law_n and_o give_v tax_n not_o only_o for_o themselves_o but_o their_o feudatory_a tenant_n also_o though_o of_o never_o so_o great_a estate_n and_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v then_o look_v upon_o as_o the_o only_a true_a freehold_a of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o tenant_n by_o it_o as_o the_o only_a true_a freeholder_n f._n i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o the_o falsity_n of_o this_o notion_n but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n pray_v tell_v i_o when_o a_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n be_v call_v who_o represent_v those_o person_n who_o you_o say_v do_v not_o appear_v there_o and_o make_v general_a law_n and_o grant_v general_n tax_n for_o themselves_o and_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n when_o there_o be_v occasion_n for_o i_o see_v you_o shut_v out_o the_o great_a part_n even_o of_o these_o your_o true_a freeholder_n from_o this_o assembly_n m._n as_o for_o the_o tenant_n in_o petit_n serjeanty_n i_o at_o present_a conceive_v though_o i_o be_o not_o sure_a of_o it_o that_o many_o of_o they_o may_v hold_v land_n and_o perhaps_o divers_a knight_n fee_n by_o grand_a serjeanty_n or_o knight_n service_n also_o since_o those_o estate_n which_o be_v give_v by_o the_o conqueror_n to_o his_o servant_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o he_o by_o such_o and_o such_o petit_fw-fr service_n may_v in_o process_n of_o time_n fall_v by_o purchase_n or_o descent_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o such_o great_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o have_v sufficient_a estate_n to_o maintain_v that_o dignity_n and_o as_o for_o the_o rest_n they_o may_v for_o aught_o as_o i_o know_v before_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la have_v be_v tax_v by_o the_o king_n writ_n according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o knight_n fee_n or_o part_n of_o knight_n fee_n which_o they_o then_o hold_v and_o according_a to_o the_o rate_n of_o the_o sum_v impose_v in_o parliament_n either_o by_o way_n of_o aid_n upon_o every_o knight_n fee_n or_o else_o by_o way_n of_o subsidy_n by_o so_o much_o a_o yard_n or_o plough_v land_n throughout_o all_o england_n which_o have_v be_v the_o only_a way_n of_o tax_v ever_o since_o that_o of_o knight_n fee_n have_v be_v disuse_v f._n then_o i_o find_v after_o all_o you_o have_v say_v that_o scarce_o half_a your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v any_o vote_n in_o prrliament_n either_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o representative_n and_o so_o have_v law_n make_v for_o they_o and_o be_v tax_v at_o the_o king_n will_n be_v as_o
in_o these_o two_o quotation_n since_o in_o that_o out_o of_o camden_n you_o can_v deny_v but_o he_o have_v true_o quote_v that_o author_n as_o it_o be_v in_o his_o first_o edition_n and_o if_o he_o afterwares_o alter_v it_o it_o may_v very_o well_o be_v question_v whether_o he_o do_v not_o add_v the_o word_n superiores_fw-la rather_o out_o of_o fear_n of_o displease_v the_o great_a nobility_n who_o that_o quotation_n have_v before_o shockt_v than_o out_o of_o any_o sense_n of_o his_o be_v in_o the_o wrong_n as_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o word_n immediate_o follow_v when_o he_o tell_v we_o out_o of_o a_o nameless_a manuscript_n author_n that_o henry_n iii_o out_o of_o so_o great_a a_o multitude_n of_o baron_n which_o be_v seditious_a and_o turbulent_a call_v the_o best_a and_o chief_a of_o they_o only_o by_o writ_n to_o parliament_n by_o which_o it_o plain_o appear_v that_o he_o suppose_v all_o those_o less_o baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la though_o no_o lord_n as_o now_o understand_v who_o be_v thus_o exclude_v to_o have_v be_v only_o nominal_a and_o not_o real_a baron_n and_o if_o so_o commoners_z or_o else_o he_o must_v extend_v the_o peerage_n of_o england_n to_o at_o least_o three_o or_o four_o thousand_o person_n for_o so_o many_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la may_v very_o well_o be_v at_o that_o time_n the_o same_o i_o may_v likewise_o say_v as_o to_o the_o quotation_n out_o of_o mr._n selden_n for_o by_o the_o word_n quibus_fw-la peculiaris_fw-la in_o ordinum_fw-la comitiis_fw-la locus_fw-la est_fw-la it_o be_v plain_a he_o suppose_v that_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o those_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v but_o mere_a commoner_n yet_o he_o no_o where_o affirm_v that_o none_o but_o these_o appear_v in_o parliament_n for_o all_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n for_o he_o very_o well_o know_v the_o unreasonableness_n of_o that_o supposition_n since_o beside_o these_o baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la 8._o bracton_n in_o his_o first_o book_n tell_v we_o of_o divers_a other_o order_n of_o man_n of_o great_a dignity_n and_o power_n in_o this_o kingdom_n about_o the_o time_n when_o you_o suppose_v this_o marvellous_a alteration_n to_o have_v happen_v his_o word_n be_v these_o et_fw-la sub_fw-la iis_fw-la viz._n regibus_fw-la deuce_n comites_fw-la barones_n magnates_n sive_fw-la vavassores_fw-la &_o milites_fw-la &_o etiam_fw-la liberi_fw-la &_o villani_n &_o deversa_fw-la potestates_fw-la sub_fw-la rege_fw-la constitutae_fw-la and_o a_o little_a far_o sunt_fw-la &_o alti_fw-la potentes_fw-la sub_fw-la rege_fw-la qui_fw-la dicuntur_fw-la barones_n hoc_fw-la est_fw-la robur_n belli_fw-la sunt_fw-la &_o alii_fw-la qui_fw-la dicuntur_fw-la vavassores_fw-la viri_fw-la 〈◊〉_d dignitatis_fw-la from_o which_o word_n i_o desire_v you_o to_o observe_v that_o he_o here_o make_v the_o magnates_n and_o the_o vavassores_fw-la or_o feudatory_a tenant_n to_o be_v all_o one_o and_o also_o rank_n they_o before_o the_o milites_fw-la now_o whether_o these_o vavassores_fw-la and_o milites_fw-la who_o do_v not_o all_o hold_n of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v man_n of_o so_o great_a dignity_n and_o power_n as_o these_o who_o he_o here_o reckon_v immediate_o after_o the_o earl_n and_o great_a baron_n shall_v have_v no_o vote_n in_o parliament_n neither_o by_o themselves_o nor_o their_o representative_n be_v altogether_o improbable_a and_o agreeable_a to_o this_o of_o bracton_n du_n fresne_n in_o his_o lexicon_n tit._n vavasor_n tell_v we_o 1262._o that_o vavassorum_fw-la duo_fw-la erant_fw-la ordines_fw-la sub_fw-la majorum_fw-la apellatione_fw-la implectuntur_fw-la qui_fw-la barones_n apellantur_fw-la sub_fw-la â—norum_fw-la vero_fw-la quos_fw-la vulgò_fw-la vavassores_fw-la dicunt_fw-la ut_fw-la leges_fw-la henrici_fw-la i._n reg._n ang._n thaine_n minores_fw-la respectu_fw-la thainorum_fw-la majorum_fw-la qui_fw-la baronibus_fw-la aequiparantur_fw-la but_o that_o these_o lesser_a thanes_z or_o vavassor_n be_v also_o style_v barones_n sir_n h._n spelman_n tell_v we_o express_o in_o his_o glossary_n tit._n baro_n 70._o etiam_fw-la barones_n comitum_fw-la procer_fw-la umque_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la barones_n subalterni_fw-la &_o baronum_n barones_n sâ—pissime_fw-la leguntur_fw-la and_o of_o this_o he_o give_v we_o many_o example_n and_o particular_o of_o the_o chief_a tenant_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o ramsey_n above_o mention_v so_o likewise_o the_o same_o author_n a_o leaf_n or_o two_o far_a speak_v of_o the_o barones_n of_o london_n mention_v in_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n henry_n i._o understand_v they_o pro_fw-la civibus_fw-la praestantioribus_fw-la qui_fw-la socnas_fw-la svas_fw-la &_o consuetudines_fw-la i._n e._n curias_n habuerunt_fw-la &_o privilegia_fw-la eorum_fw-la instar_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o comitatu_fw-la barones_n comitatus_fw-la dicuntur_fw-la etc._n etc._n nor_o do_v this_o title_n of_o barones_n extend_v to_o london_n alone_o but_o he_o also_o immediate_o tell_v we_o in_o the_o same_o place_n sic_fw-la barones_n de_fw-la ebaraco_n de_fw-fr cestria_n de_fw-la warwico_fw-la de_fw-mi so_o feversham_n &_o plurium_fw-la villaram_fw-la regiis_fw-la privilegiis_fw-la insignium_fw-la cum_fw-la in_o anglia_fw-it tum_fw-la in_fw-it gallia_n etc._n etc._n and_o that_o baron_n of_o county_n be_v no_o more_o than_o lord_n of_o manor_n i_o have_v just_a now_o prove_v for_o socna_n mean_v no_o more_o than_o a_o court_n baron_fw-fr or_o court_n of_o a_o manor_n so_o that_o here_o arise_v a_o plain_a distinction_n between_o the_o barones_n regis_fw-la the_o king_n be_v great_a baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o these_o lesser_a baron_n we_o now_o be_v here_o speak_v of_o call_v medmesse_n thegnes_fw-la and_o burgh_n thegnes_fw-la by_o the_o saxon_n till_o they_o 〈◊〉_d on_o the_o word_n parliamentum_fw-la to_o signify_v the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o though_o no_o peer_n yet_o be_v barones_n regni_fw-la baron_n or_o nobleman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n according_a to_o the_o general_a acceptation_n of_o the_o word_n nobiles_fw-la in_o that_o age_n and_o be_v such_o make_v up_o the_o body_n of_o the_o baronage_n call_v by_o matt._n paris_n and_o other_o author_n baronagium_n or_o communitas_fw-la baronagit_fw-la totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la m._n i_o see_v you_o do_v all_o you_o can_v from_o the_o equivocal_a use_n of_o the_o word_n barones_n to_o crowd_n in_o new_a and_o unknown_a man_n into_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n viz._n your_o baron_n of_o county_n city_n and_o town_n who_o since_o you_o dare_v not_o affirm_v there_o be_v then_o any_o knight_n of_o shire_n you_o suppose_v to_o have_v serve_v instead_o of_o they_o and_o these_o you_o will_v have_v to_o be_v not_o barones_n regis_fw-la but_o regni_n or_o terrae_fw-la 161._o forsooth_o i._n e._n of_o the_o land_n or_o kingdom_n whereas_o we_o never_o have_v any_o true_a barones_n hold_v by_o mean_a tenor_n here_o in_o england_n this_o if_o you_o deny_v you_o must_v deny_v all_o history_n and_o all_o our_o ancient_a law_n and_o law-book_n too_o and_o if_o you_o grant_v it_o you_o must_v confess_v that_o every_o baron_n be_v a_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o by_o your_o own_o concession_n he_o must_v then_o be_v the_o king_n baron_n or_o baro_n regis_fw-la i_o grant_v indeed_o there_o be_v nominal_a or_o titular_a baron_n such_o as_o you_o mention_v many_o in_o those_o time_n such_o as_o be_v tenant_n to_o great_a lord_n bishop_n or_o abbot_n of_o who_o we_o find_v frequent_a mention_n in_o our_o ancient_a history_n record_n and_o charter_n but_o these_o be_v not_o the_o man_n who_o have_v ever_o any_o place_n in_o our_o great_a council_n and_o i_o desire_v you_o will_v prove_v to_o i_o that_o ever_o they_o appear_v there_o before_o the_o time_n i_o assign_v and_o i_o will_v also_o have_v you_o inform_v yourself_o of_o the_o gentleman_n of_o who_o you_o borrow_v this_o notion_n if_o they_o can_v prove_v that_o there_o be_v any_o such_o kind_n of_o tenure_n as_o tenura_n de_fw-fr terra_fw-la or_o de_fw-fr regno_fw-la or_o whether_o there_o be_v ever_o any_o man_n that_o hold_v a_o estate_n de_fw-fr regno_fw-la whether_o forfeiture_n or_o escheat_n be_v to_o the_o kingdom_n and_o whether_o fealty_n be_v swear_v or_o homage_n do_v to_o the_o kingdom_n or_o whether_o a_o earl_n be_v invest_v or_o gird_v with_o the_o sword_n of_o the_o county_n by_o the_o kingdom_n or_o whether_o the_o ancient_a ceremony_n use_v at_o the_o creation_n of_o earl_n and_o baron_n be_v do_v by_o the_o kingdom_n thus_o all_o the_o baron_n of_o england_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n and_o thus_o all_o these_o thing_n be_v perform_v and_o do_v to_o our_o ancient_a king_n and_o by_o they_o which_o be_v most_o manifest_a note_n of_o the_o king_n be_v immediate_a jurisdiction_n over_o the_o baron_n and_o that_o they_o be_v his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o by_o consequence_n his_o baron_n only_o which_o you_o can_v deny_v and_o of_o which_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la the_o earl_n and_o great_a baron_n always_o create_v by_o investiture_n of_o robe_n or_o other_o ceremony_n be_v summon_v by_o particular_a write_n
and_o the_o other_o less_o baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la ever_o since_o the_o 17_o of_o king_n john_n be_v summon_v by_o one_o common_a writ_n direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o the_o county_n since_o which_o time_n if_o not_o some_o time_n before_o i_o grant_v these_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v not_o look_v upon_o as_o baron_n or_o peer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n proper_o so_o call_v yet_o do_v their_o vote_n in_o parliament_n still_o conclude_v and_o charge_v their_o tenant_n in_o the_o make_n and_o impose_v of_o tax_n or_o law_n which_o they_o alone_o together_o with_o the_o bishop_n and_o great_a baron_n still_o perform_v until_o the_o time_n i_o assign_v f._n i_o see_v you_o be_v in_o a_o wood_n and_o do_v not_o know_v well_o under_o what_o class_n to_o rank_v your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o if_o they_o be_v at_o first_o all_o lord_n or_o peer_n how_o can_v they_o serve_v upon_o jury_n in_o hundred_o or_o county_z court_n if_o they_o be_v mere_a commoner_n than_o there_o be_v commons_o in_o parliament_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n iii_o and_o why_o may_v not_o other_o as_o considerable_a commoner_n have_v place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n as_o well_o as_o they_o whether_o they_o be_v the_o king_n baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o not_o but_o in_o answer_n to_o this_o you_o tell_v i_o that_o we_o never_o have_v any_o baron_n hold_v by_o mean_a tenure_n here_o in_o england_n this_o be_v plain_o equivocal_a for_o if_o you_o mean_v it_o of_o barony_n in_o capite_fw-la it_o be_v true_a if_o of_o other_o barony_n it_o be_v false_a by_o your_o own_o confession_n and_o sir_n h._n spâ—lman_n tell_v we_o in_o the_o title_n last_o quote_v that_o the_o baron_n of_o burford_n plead_v to_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n per_fw-la baroniam_fw-la and_o yet_o he_o be_v never_o any_o baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n now_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o show_v i_o if_o he_o and_o such_o like_a baron_n as_o himself_o have_v no_o place_n in_o parliament_n who_o it_o be_v represent_v they_o there_o and_o therefore_o in_o answer_n to_o your_o dilemma_n i_o grant_v that_o every_o baron_n by_o tenure_n be_v a_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o every_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v not_o a_o baron_n and_o this_o i_o think_v be_v so_o plain_a that_o you_o yourself_o can_v deny_v it_o but_o in_o answer_n to_o your_o next_o question_n i_o can_v answer_v it_o without_o ask_v the_o gentleman_n from_o who_o you_o suppose_v i_o borrow_v the_o notion_n that_o there_o may_v be_v other_o baron_n or_o lord_n of_o manor_n who_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o estate_n may_v have_v place_n in_o parliament_n suppose_v knight_n of_o shire_n be_v not_o introduce_v till_o after_o henry_n the_o ii_o or_o king_n john_n time_n when_o such_o freeholder_n become_v too_o numerous_a all_o to_o appear_v in_o person_n and_o yet_o these_o may_v not_o be_v baron_n by_o tenure_n and_o therefore_o all_o your_o question_n conclude_v nothing_o for_o you_o suppose_v that_o which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v prove_v that_o because_o all_o the_o baron_n of_o england_n proper_o so_o call_v hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o be_v consequent_o his_o baron_n that_o therefore_o none_o but_o baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v any_o place_n in_o our_o great_a council_n which_o be_v the_o thing_n you_o only_o suppose_v and_o i_o as_o positive_o deny_v m._n well_o sir_n since_o you_o put_v it_o to_o that_o issue_n i_o hope_v i_o shall_v full_o convince_v you_o that_o none_o but_o the_o person_n i_o have_v mention_v be_v the_o constituent_a member_n of_o the_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n before_o 49th_o hen._n iii_o or_o 18_o edw._n i_o and_o who_o do_v give_v assent_v to_o all_o law_n that_o be_v make_v and_o all_o tax_n that_o be_v to_o be_v impose_v on_o themselves_o and_o their_o under-tenant_n who_o be_v then_o conclude_v by_o the_o act_n of_o their_o superior_a lord_n but_o not_o to_o wrangle_v with_o you_o any_o long_o about_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n barones_n 116._o i_o grant_v there_o be_v nominal_a or_o titular_a baron_n very_o many_o such_o as_o i_o have_v mention_v nay_o that_o there_o be_v several_a other_o great_a subject_n who_o have_v tenant_n that_o hold_v 5_o 6_o 7_o 8_o 〈◊〉_d nay_o more_o knight_n fee_n under_o they_o and_o who_o have_v the_o name_n and_o title_n of_o baron_n but_o what_o be_v this_o to_o the_o purpose_n i_o desire_v you_o will_v prove_v to_o i_o by_o any_o direct_a proof_n that_o these_o sort_n of_o man_n have_v any_o voice_n either_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o representative_n in_o our_o great_a council_n till_o after_o the_o time_n we_o allow_v they_o and_o this_o beside_o the_o proof_n i_o have_v already_o bring_v i_o think_v be_v sufficient_a since_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o the_o barones_n regni_fw-la or_o terra_n and_o the_o milites_fw-la and_o homines_fw-la svi_fw-la be_v all_o one_o and_o the_o same_o person_n that_o be_v they_o be_v the_o king_n be_v great_a baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o alone_o constitute_v the_o baronage_n or_o university_n of_o the_o baronage_n of_o england_n or_o of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o our_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n and_o for_o the_o far_a proof_n of_o this_o i_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o those_o very_a argument_n your_o own_o author_n 111._o mr._n p._n have_v make_v use_n of_o in_o his_o right_n of_o the_o commons_o assert_v wherein_o he_o will_v prove_v from_o certain_a letter_n that_o be_v send_v from_o the_o baronage_n or_o university_n of_o the_o baronage_n of_o england_n to_o the_o pope_n against_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n exaction_n here_o in_o england_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v not_o bring_v only_a fragment_n phrase_n or_o single_a word_n out_o of_o the_o record_n or_o history_n which_o seem_v to_o countenance_v my_o opinion_n contrary_a to_o the_o true_a meaning_n of_o those_o record_n and_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o historian_n as_o some_o of_o your_o man_n do_v but_o shall_v give_v you_o the_o quotation_n out_o of_o those_o author_n whole_a and_o entire_a and_o shall_v make_v such_o reasonable_a deduction_n from_o they_o as_o i_o think_v you_o will_v have_v no_o reason_n to_o deny_v to_o be_v fair_o raise_v from_o the_o word_n themselves_o and_o also_o as_o matt._n paris_n relate_v in_o the_o 29_o hen._n iii_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n send_v letter_n to_o the_o pope_n 658._o then_o at_o the_o council_n of_o lion_n to_o complain_v of_o the_o pope_n exaction_n which_o letter_n be_v say_v by_o this_o author_n to_o be_v direct_v a_o magnatibus_fw-la &_o universitate_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o though_o it_o be_v also_o true_a that_o in_o the_o same_o year_n there_o be_v other_o letter_n send_v thither_o from_o the_o same_o party_n to_o the_o cardinal_n there_o assemble_v which_o be_v recite_v by_o the_o old_a manuscript_n to_o have_v send_v messenger_n to_o the_o cardinal_n and_o the_o old_a manuscript_n in_o the_o cottonian_a library_n that_o they_o send_v to_o the_o cardinal_n assemble_v at_o the_o council_n of_o lion_n â—_z a_o baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o universis_fw-la baronagii_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la per_fw-la procuratores_fw-la 〈◊〉_d rogeram_fw-la bigod_n comitem_fw-la norff._n willielmum_fw-la de_fw-la cantelupo_n johannem_fw-la silium_fw-la galfriâ—â—â—_n radulphum_fw-la filium_fw-la nicholas_n philippum_fw-la basset_n barones_n procuratores_fw-la baronagii_fw-la angâ—â—â—_n tunc_fw-la temporis_fw-la innocentio_n papa_n quarto_fw-la celebrante_fw-la concilium_fw-la ibi_fw-la generale_fw-mi anno_fw-la gratia_n 1245._o and_o the_o letter_n be_v thus_o direct_v venerabilibus_fw-la in_o christo_fw-la fratribus_fw-la uniâ—â—sis_fw-la &_o singulis_n dei_fw-la gratia_n salutem_fw-la barones_n milites_fw-la &_o universitas_fw-la baronagii_fw-la regis_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o that_o matt._n of_o westminster_n do_v likewise_o agree_v in_o this_o relation_n only_o style_v the_o person_n last_o name_v milites_fw-la who_o matt._n paris_n call_v viri_fw-la nobiles_fw-la &_o discreti_fw-la but_o this_o will_v make_v no_o difference_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o and_o to_o these_o matt._n of_o westminster_n add_v mr._n william_n powic_n clark_n who_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v their_o secretary_n but_o notwithstanding_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o all_o these_o person_n so_o send_v name_v barones_n &_o milites_fw-la &_o universitas_fw-la baronagii_fw-la 103.104_o do_v not_o represent_v the_o commons_o of_o england_n at_o all_o but_o only_o the_o great_a earl_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o first_o it_o appear_v from_o sir_n w._n dugdale_n baronage_n of_o england_n they_o that_o every_o one_o of_o the_o person_n here_o name_v be_v either_o a_o earl_n baron_n or_o great_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o nâ—â—_n common_a person_n as_o your_o author_n will_v have_v they_o and_o though_o it_o true_a the_o cottonian_a manuscript_n
and_o matt._n of_o westminster_n call_v some_o of_o they_o milites_fw-la yet_o this_o make_v nothing_o against_o our_o opinion_n for_o as_o i_o prove_v before_o the_o great_a milites_fw-la be_v often_o style_v baron_n and_o the_o baron_n milites_fw-la nor_o be_v this_o earl_n and_o the_o four_o baron_n here_o mention_v choose_a or_o send_v by_o the_o baronage_n of_o the_o kingdom_n assemble_v in_o parliament_n to_o represent_v they_o at_o the_o council_n of_o lion_n but_o be_v only_o pitch_v upon_o by_o a_o body_n of_o military_a man_n or_o baron_n at_o a_o tornament_n intend_v to_o have_v be_v hold_v at_o dunstable_n which_o be_v forbid_v by_o the_o king_n and_o these_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o warn_v mr._n martin_n the_o pope_n clerk_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o account_n matt._n paris_n give_v we_o of_o this_o business_n in_o the_o paragraph_n immediate_o follow_v so_o that_o the_o history_n of_o the_o thing_n make_v it_o plain_a who_o be_v the_o universitas_fw-la regni_fw-la to_o wit_n the_o baron_n or_o the_o universitas_fw-la armatorum_fw-la who_o be_v meet_v to_o hold_v the_o tournament_n and_o these_o the_o king_n there_o call_v his_o baron_n and_o after_o this_o in_o the_o 30_o of_o hen._n iii_o when_o the_o pope_n do_v not_o give_v satisfaction_n to_o their_o grievance_n the_o king_n call_v as_o this_o author_n tell_v we_o 〈◊〉_d parliamentum_fw-la generalissimum_fw-la 696._o totius_fw-la regni_fw-la anglicani_n totalem_fw-la nobilitatem_fw-la londini_fw-la viz._n prelatorum_fw-la tam_fw-la abbatum_fw-la &_o priorum_fw-la quam_fw-la epiâ—coporum_fw-la comitum_fw-la quoque_fw-la &_o baronium_n ut_fw-la de_fw-la statu_fw-la regni_fw-la jam_fw-la 〈◊〉_d efficatiter_fw-la prout_fw-la exegit_fw-la urgens_fw-la necessitas_fw-la contrectarent_fw-la 106._o in_o this_o very_a parliament_n the_o king_n confer_v with_o the_o bishop_n by_o themselves_o and_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n by_o themselves_o about_o this_o business_n of_o the_o pope_n not_o keep_v his_o promise_n and_o certain_o if_o there_o have_v be_v then_o any_o commons_o in_o this_o parliament_n he_o will_v have_v also_o confer_v with_o they_o about_o the_o same_o matter_n the_o result_n of_o all_o these_o conference_n be_v that_o yet_o for_o the_o reverence_n due_a to_o the_o apostolic_a see_v they_o shall_v again_o supplicate_v the_o pope_n by_o letter_n to_o remove_v their_o intolerable_a grievance_n and_o insupportable_a yoke_n and_o this_o they_o do_v in_o separate_a conference_n the_o bishop_n write_v by_o themselves_o the_o abbot_n and_o prior_n by_o themselves_o and_o the_o earl_n baron_n etc._n etc._n by_o themselves_o to_o the_o pope_n and_o if_o there_o have_v be_v any_o commons_o as_o at_o this_o day_n they_o most_o certain_o will_v likewise_o have_v write_v to_o the_o pope_n as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o constituent_a part_n of_o this_o parliament_n do_v f._n i_o hope_v i_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o answer_v what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v in_o the_o first_o place_n though_o i_o shall_v grant_v that_o these_o commissioner_n send_v by_o the_o baronage_n of_o england_n be_v all_o of_o they_o baron_n and_o no_o commoner_n among_o they_o do_v it_o therefore_o follow_v that_o the_o person_n that_o send_v they_o must_v have_v be_v all_o lord_n too_o for_o if_o those_o commissioner_n be_v all_o peer_n who_o represent_v your_o barones_n minores_fw-la or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o as_o you_o yourself_o have_v grant_v be_v no_o lord_n at_o all_o and_o why_o may_v not_o those_o lord_n as_o well_o represent_v all_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n as_o they_o do_v these_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la so_o that_o it_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o that_o these_o word_n universitas_fw-la baronagii_fw-la angliae_fw-la must_v needs_o then_o comprehend_v somewhat_o more_o than_o your_o baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o since_o the_o word_n barones_n &_o milites_fw-la alone_a and_o sufficient_o express_v all_o the_o constituent_a member_n of_o your_o parliament_n without_o add_v &_o universitas_fw-la baronagii_fw-la which_o will_v have_v be_v a_o tautology_n but_o that_o it_o be_v very_o usual_a for_o the_o great_a lord_n in_o those_o day_n to_o write_v letter_n in_o their_o own_o name_n as_o also_o for_o all_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o when_o i_o shall_v make_v use_n of_o two_o other_o instance_n of_o a_o like_a nature_n in_o the_o reign_v of_o edw._n i._n and_o edw._n iii_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o good_a argument_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o commons_o have_v no_o hand_n in_o this_o message_n or_o letter_n because_o they_o do_v not_o write_v by_o themselves_o much_o less_o be_v it_o so_o because_o it_o be_v not_o express_o mention_v by_o matt._n paris_n that_o the_o king_n consult_v the_o commons_o as_o well_o as_o the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n that_o therefore_o they_o be_v not_o there_o since_o this_o author_n write_v very_o concise_o comprehend_v all_o the_o lay_v estate_n under_o the_o word_n comites_fw-la &_o barones_n or_o else_o magnate_v alone_o so_o likewise_o matt_n of_o westminster_n when_o he_o mention_n divers_a parliament_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o edw._n i_o and_o edw._n two_o express_v they_o under_o the_o same_o title_n and_o though_o this_o author_n often_o mention_n the_o earl_n and_o baron_n to_o have_v do_v this_o or_o that_o yet_o it_o be_v no_o argument_n to_o conclude_v that_o the_o commons_o be_v not_o then_o there_o and_o for_o this_o pray_v take_v these_o example_n our_o of_o matt._n westminster_n when_o anno_fw-la dom._n 1300._o the_o 28_o of_o edw._n i._n he_o tell_v we_o the_o king_n hold_v his_o parliament_n at_o lincoln_n where_o the_o comites_fw-la &_o barones_n demand_v a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o great_a charter_n and_o they_o further_o ask_v that_o the_o deforestation_n make_v by_o the_o king_n shall_v be_v confirm_v and_o then_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o thereupon_o the_o charter_n of_o liberty_n and_o forest_n be_v again_o renew_v and_o be_v pass_v under_o the_o great_a seal_n be_v proclaim_v before_o all_o the_o people_n in_o every_o country_n where_o you_o see_v that_o the_o complain_v be_v make_v by_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n yet_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o confirmation_n of_o these_o charter_n must_v have_v proceed_v from_o all_o the_o estate_n for_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n and_o prior_n be_v there_o no_o more_o mention_v than_o the_o commons_o who_o be_v then_o as_o barones_n majores_fw-la constituent_a member_n of_o this_o parliament_n so_o also_o henry_n de_fw-fr knighton_n 2928._o anno_fw-la dom._n 1301._o the_o 30_o edw._n i._n tell_v we_o of_o a_o parliament_n this_o king_n hold_v at_o stamford_n where_o meet_v the_o earl_n and_o baron_n and_o with_o great_a courage_n persist_v until_o they_o have_v get_v the_o charter_n of_o forest_n full_o grant_v and_o confirm_v to_o they_o where_o note_n that_o though_o by_o way_n of_o excellency_n the_o earl_n and_o baron_n who_o then_o bear_v the_o great_a sway_n be_v here_o only_o mention_v yet_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o commons_o be_v also_o summon_v to_o this_o parliament_n now_o if_o these_o late_a historian_n pass_v by_o the_o commons_o though_o then_o constituent_a member_n of_o parliament_n without_o any_o one_o express_v mention_n why_o may_v not_o matt._n paris_n do_v so_o too_o but_o that_o he_o do_v do_v so_o appear_v very_o plain_o from_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o parliament_n hold_v in_o 30_o hen._n ii_o to_o the_o pope_n and_o cardinal_n be_v still_o at_o the_o council_n of_o lion_n to_o remove_v the_o intolerable_a grievance_n above_o mention_v that_o to_o the_o pope_n be_v tecit_v at_o large_a by_o matt._n paris_n cleopatra_n though_o that_o to_o the_o cardinal_n be_v omit_v by_o he_o but_o in_o a_o ancient_a manuscript_n of_o the_o time_n extant_a in_o sir_n john_n cottons_n library_n of_o both_o letter_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v send_v to_o the_o cardinal_n at_o lion_n a_o baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o universitatibâ—â—_n bâ—â—â—nagii_fw-la anglia_fw-it now_o who_o these_o be_v the_o subsequent_a letter_n to_o the_o pope_n in_o matt._n poris_n will_v inform_v we_o which_o begin_v thus_o sanctissimo_fw-la etc._n etc._n 〈◊〉_d silij_fw-la svi_fw-la richardus_fw-la comes_fw-la cornubia_n 700._o etc._n etc._n together_o with_o divers_a other_o earl_n there_o name_v but_o the_o baron_n and_o commons_o be_v not_o particular_o recite_v but_o be_v comprehend_v under_o these_o general_n word_n barones_n proceres_fw-la &_o magnate_v ac_fw-la nobiles_fw-la portuum_fw-la marishabitatores_fw-la necnon_fw-la &_o clerus_fw-la &_o populus_fw-la universus_fw-la salutem_fw-la and_o pray_v note_n that_o matt._n paris_n have_v before_o call_v this_o a_o parliament_n 698._o convenientibus_fw-la igitur_fw-la ad_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la which_o word_n take_v in_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n as_o the_o nobiles_fw-la portuum_fw-la maris_fw-la habitatores_fw-la do_v the_o baron_n of_o the_o cinqâ—â—_fw-fr port_n
answer_v it_o i_o confess_v it_o appear_v very_o specious_a at_o first_o sight_n but_o what_o if_o i_o show_v you_o that_o this_o letter_n be_v write_v by_o the_o lord_n only_o from_o lincoln_n after_o the_o commons_o have_v be_v dismiss_v from_o thence_o by_o prorogation_n or_o adjournment_n for_o though_o it_o be_v common_o story_v but_o erroneous_o that_o this_o whole_a parliament_n 153._o or_o at_o least_o the_o temporal_a lord_n and_o the_o commons_o write_v to_o the_o pope_n concern_v the_o jurisdiction_n and_o superiority_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n over_o the_o kingdom_n of_o scotland_n yet_o it_o can_v be_v so_o for_o this_o parliament_n meet_v on_o the_o octave_n of_o hillary_n or_o the_o 20_o of_o january_n and_o sit_v but_o eight_o day_n the_o writ_n for_o the_o commons_o expense_n bear_v date_n january_n the_o 30_o of_o the_o same_o year_n writ_n and_o the_o letter_n to_o the_o pope_n sign_v by_o the_o temporal_a lord_n for_o themselves_o and_o the_o whole_a community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n be_v date_v feb._n 12_o the_o next_o follow_v at_o lincoln_n after_o the_o commons_o have_v be_v discharge_v 14_o day_n so_o that_o you_o see_v the_o baron_n still_o continue_v to_o style_v themselves_o the_o community_n of_o england_n and_o both_o spiritual_a and_o temporal_a baron_n and_o other_o of_o the_o king_n council_n do_v stay_v and_o dispatch_v much_o business_n after_o all_o other_o be_v dismiss_v according_a to_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o there_o recite_v proclamation_n and_o may_v be_v full_o prove_v from_o the_o proceed_n of_o that_o paâ—liament_n as_o they_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o ryley_n plâ—cita_fw-la parliamentaria_fw-la etc._n so_o that_o nothing_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o than_o that_o the_o whole_a community_n of_o england_n for_o who_o the_o baron_n there_o name_v set_v their_o seal_n to_o that_o letter_n you_o mention_v be_v the_o community_n of_o the_o baron_n only_o f._n i_o confess_v mr._n pryn_n in_o his_o animadversion_n upon_o my_o lord_n coke_n four_o institutes_n be_v the_o first_o who_o start_v this_o objection_n that_o the_o commons_o can_v not_o be_v present_a as_o party_n to_o this_o letter_n 9_o yet_o he_o still_o suppose_v that_o the_o lord_n who_o stay_v behind_o and_o make_v a_o kind_n of_o a_o great_a council_n at_o lincoln_n sign_v it_o not_o only_o for_o themselves_o but_o for_o the_o commons_o also_o though_o not_o actual_o there_o and_o be_v not_o so_o extravagant_a as_o your_o dr._n to_o suppose_v that_o by_o the_o word_n in_o this_o letter_n tam_fw-la pro_fw-la nobis_fw-la quam_fw-la pro_fw-la tota_fw-la communitate_fw-la etc._n etc._n be_v to_o be_v understand_v the_o community_n of_o baron_n only_o for_o that_o will_v have_v be_v a_o tautology_n indeed_o for_o so_o the_o last_o word_n communitas_fw-la etc._n etc._n will_v have_v signify_v no_o more_o than_o that_o they_o subscribe_v for_o themselves_o and_o themselves_o and_o that_o the_o word_n cummaâ—â—tas_fw-la regni_fw-la which_o i_o can_v prove_v to_o you_o by_o many_o example_n do_v then_o signify_v the_o commons_o of_o england_n must_v here_o mean_v more_o than_o your_o community_n of_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n for_o pray_v take_v notice_n that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v now_o by_o your_o own_o concession_n leave_v off_o to_o appear_v in_o parliament_n in_o a_o body_n as_o be_v now_o represent_v by_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n etc._n etc._n so_o that_o sir_n edward_n coke_n very_o well_o observe_v in_o his_o four_o institute_n that_o this_o letter_n be_v seal_v by_o above_o 104_o earl_n and_o baron_n by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o whole_a commonalty_n in_o parliament_n and_o mr._n pryn_n be_v so_o far_o convince_v of_o this_o in_o his_o exact_a history_n of_o papal_a usurpation_n that_o he_o â—tiles_v this_o letter_n 893._o the_o memorable_a epistle_n of_o the_o earl_n baron_n great_a man_n and_o commons_o of_o england_n etc._n etc._n but_o to_o show_v you_o far_o that_o there_o be_v no_o change_n neither_o of_o the_o constituent_a part_n of_o our_o ancient_a parliament_n nor_o of_o the_o term_n by_o which_o they_o be_v express_v our_o ancient_a record_n appear_v by_o a_o plea_n among_o mr._n ryley_n print_a plea_n of_o parliament_n in_o 35th_o of_o edw._n i._n where_o it_o be_v recite_v 376._o that_o in_o a_o parliament_n at_o carlisle_n will._n de_fw-fr testa_n the_o pope_n clerk_n be_v impeach_v per_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n &_o alios_fw-la magnates_fw-la &_o communitatem_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la concern_v divers_a new_a and_o intolerable_a grievance_n lay_v upon_o they_o by_o the_o pope_n where_o you_o see_v there_o be_v no_o change_n of_o this_o word_n communitas_fw-la after_o the_o commons_o be_v as_o you_o suppose_v certain_o present_a in_o this_o parliament_n and_o why_o the_o same_o word_n shall_v not_o signify_v the_o same_o thing_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o king_n reign_n as_o well_o as_o now_o you_o have_v need_n give_v i_o very_o good_a authority_n to_o prove_v the_o contrary_a against_o such_o clear_a evidence_n as_o this_o but_o this_o record_n go_v on_o and_o far_o recite_v that_o these_o letter_n be_v send_v to_o the_o pope_n exit_fw-la parte_fw-la communitatis_fw-la praedictae_fw-la and_o in_o which_o clerus_fw-la &_o populus_fw-la dicti_fw-la regni_fw-la set_v forth_o the_o say_a grievance_n to_o the_o full_a now_o as_o the_o word_n clerus_fw-la here_o express_v all_o sort_n of_o degree_n of_o clergy_n as_o well_o superior_a as_o inferior_a represent_v in_o parliament_n and_o convocation_n so_o much_o populus_fw-la here_o signify_v the_o laity_n of_o both_o order_n as_o well_o the_o commons_o as_o lord_n since_o the_o commons_o be_v certain_o present_a at_o this_o parliament_n and_o why_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la shall_v not_o signify_v the_o same_o thing_n long_o before_o i_o can_v see_v no_o reason_n for_o it_o but_o the_o dr.'s_n bear_v assertion_n and_o as_o for_o what_o you_o say_v that_o the_o commons_o can_v be_v no_o party_n to_o this_o letter_n because_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o writ_n of_o expense_n that_o they_o be_v discharge_v before_o this_o letter_n be_v write_v admit_v it_o be_v so_o it_o make_v nothing_o against_o my_o assertion_n for_o why_o can_v not_o the_o commons_o agree_v upon_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o letter_n and_o leave_v the_o lord_n to_o draw_v it_o up_o and_o subscribe_v it_o for_o they_o after_o they_o be_v go_v home_o and_o that_o it_o be_v so_o appear_v by_o the_o letter_n if_o self_n which_o recite_v that_o the_o king_n have_v cause_v the_o pope_n letter_n in_o medio_fw-la or_o pleno_fw-la parliamento_fw-la exhiberi_fw-la ac_fw-la scriose_fw-la nobis_fw-la fecit_fw-la exponi_fw-la unde_fw-la habito_fw-la tractatu_fw-la &_o deliberationâ—_n diligenti_fw-la super_fw-la câ—â—tentis_fw-la in_o literis_fw-la vestris_fw-la memoratis_fw-la communis_fw-la concor_fw-la &_o unanimus_fw-la omnium_fw-la &_o singulâ—râ—m_fw-la consensus_fw-la suit_n etc._n etc._n now_o every_o one_o know_v that_o understand_v any_o thing_n of_o parliamentary_a affair_n that_o when_o any_o thing_n be_v say_v in_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n or_o other_o record_n to_o have_v be_v agree_v upon_o in_o full_a parliament_n that_o be_v always_o understand_v to_o have_v be_v do_v all_o the_o estate_n be_v there_o present_a nor_o can_v i_o see_v any_o reason_n why_o this_o letter_n shall_v not_o be_v call_v the_o letter_n of_o the_o commons_o as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o lord_n since_o the_o very_a statute_n of_o that_o age_n be_v often_o say_v to_o have_v be_v assent_v to_o by_o the_o commons_o though_o it_o be_v clear_a they_o be_v not_o draw_v up_o into_o form_n till_o after_o the_o parliament_n be_v dismiss_v but_o that_o the_o commons_o be_v certain_o party_n to_o this_o letter_n appear_v by_o a_o record_n of_o the_o begin_n of_o edw._n iii_o time_n print_v by_o mr._n pryn_n keeper_n of_o the_o record_n of_o the_o tower_n and_o which_o he_o tell_v we_o he_o find_v among_o the_o roll_n in_o the_o white-town_n which_o record_n contain_v the_o head_n of_o a_o defence_n compile_v by_o the_o king_n council_n in_o order_n to_o a_o strong_a defence_n against_o the_o pope_n take_v cognizance_n in_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n concern_v the_o king_n of_o england_n superiority_n over_o scotland_n in_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o 2d_o of_o which_o record_n 895._o there_o be_v a_o remarkable_a article_n relate_v to_o this_o very_a letter_n now_o before_o we_o in_o these_o word_n item_n ad_fw-la finem_fw-la quod_fw-la nobiles_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la &_o procuratores_fw-la crâ—munitatis_fw-la subditorum_fw-la regni_fw-la praedicti_fw-la admittantur_fw-la per_fw-la ipsum_fw-la domiâ—â—â—_n regem_fw-la ad_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la defensiones_fw-la propenend_n prout_fw-la corum_fw-la antecessores_fw-la ab_fw-la avo_fw-la dicti_fw-la domâ—â—â—_n regis_fw-la nostri_fw-la â—rant_fw-la admissi_fw-la now_o to_o what_o transaction_n of_o this_o kind_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o edw._n i._n this_o king_n grandfather_n can_v this_o passage_n
have_v already_o prove_v that_o the_o whole_a parliament_n as_o well_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a as_o commons_o be_v both_o before_o and_o after_o this_o time_n comprehend_v under_o these_o word_n nobilitas_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o if_o you_o yet_o doubt_v of_o it_o i_o can_v give_v you_o a_o plain_a authority_n out_o of_o walsingham_n for_o it_o be_v in_o his_o life_n of_o edw._n ii_o anno_fw-la 1327._o where_o relate_v the_o manner_n of_o that_o king_n deposition_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o when_o the_o queen_n and_o prince_n come_v to_o london_n there_o then_o meet_v tota_n regni_fw-la nobilitas_fw-la to_o depose_v the_o king_n and_o choose_v his_o son_n in_o his_o stead_n and_o then_o there_o be_v send_v to_o the_o king_n be_v prisoner_n in_o kenelworth_n castle_n on_o behalf_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n two_o bishop_n two_o earl_n two_o abbot_n and_o of_o every_o county_n three_o knight_n and_o also_o from_o london_n and_o other_o city_n and_o great_a town_n especial_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n a_o certain_a number_n of_o person_n who_o inform_v he_o of_o the_o election_n of_o his_o son_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v renounce_v the_o crown_n and_o royal_a dignity_n etc._n etc._n this_o proof_n be_v so_o plain_a it_o need_v no_o comment_n as_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o your_o argument_n the_o strength_n of_o it_o chief_o consist_v in_o this_o that_o the_o tax_n there_o mention_v be_v say_v to_o be_v grant_v à _fw-la militibus_fw-la or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o you_o will_v have_v it_o of_o three_o mark_n upon_o every_o knight_n fee_n but_o in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o desire_v you_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o this_o scutage_n be_v not_o scutage_n service_n but_o a_o general_a land_n tax_n or_o manner_n of_o tax_v according_a to_o knight_n fee_n and_o which_o be_v continue_v long_o after_o hen._n iii_o reign_n as_o it_o appear_v by_o this_o passage_n in_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n glossary_a tit._n scutagium_fw-la edwardus_fw-la primus_fw-la habuit_fw-la 40_o soli_fw-la de_fw-la quolibet_fw-la 〈◊〉_d anno_fw-la regni_fw-la 13_o dom._n 1285._o pro_fw-la expeditione_n contra_fw-la wallos_n and_o it_o be_v also_o grant_v by_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o after_o the_o 18_o of_o edw._n i._n when_o you_o and_o the_o dr._n suppose_v the_o commons_o to_o have_v then_o come_v to_o parliament_n and_o if_o so_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v why_o a_o militibus_fw-la here_o mention_v by_o this_o author_n must_v only_o signify_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o knight_n service_n and_o not_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n since_o it_o be_v not_o here_o say_v a_o militibus_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la tenuerunt_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la and_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o force_a interpretation_n of_o the_o dr.'s_n and_o without_o any_o authority_n to_o limit_v these_o word_n militibus_fw-la &_o libere_fw-la tenentibus_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la which_o you_o omit_v with_o a_o etc._n etc._n as_o also_o the_o omnibus_fw-la hominibus_fw-la liberis_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la only_o to_o the_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n and_o other_o prelate_n of_o england_n and_o to_o the_o earl_n baron_n knight_n and_o free_a tenant_n or_o tenant_n in_o military_a or_o knight_n service_n because_o they_o be_v only_o such_o as_o pay_v scutage_n whereas_o you_o have_v already_o acknowledge_v that_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v grant_v to_o all_o the_o people_n of_o england_n who_o have_v all_o a_o benefit_n by_o it_o and_o who_o pay_v towards_o the_o aid_n there_o grant_v as_o well_o as_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o if_o knight_n fee_n alone_o be_v tax_v and_o that_o by_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v by_o what_o right_a all_o tenant_n in_o petit_n serjeanty_n and_o by_o burgoge_n oâ—_n sâ—occage_n tenure_n who_o make_v a_o great_a body_n of_o man_n in_o this_o kingdom_n in_o those_o time_n can_v pay_v this_o scutage_n since_o they_o hold_v not_o by_o knight_n service_n but_o by_o certain_a rent_n or_o other_o service_n and_o so_o not_o appear_v in_o person_n can_v have_v no_o representative_n in_o this_o or_o any_o other_o parliament_n of_o those_o time_n but_o if_o you_o will_v tell_v i_o they_o may_v pay_v according_a to_o the_o value_n that_o knight_n fee_n be_v then_o reckon_v at_o viz._n for_o every_o 20_o l._n a_o year_n estate_n i_o desire_v to_o know_v how_o this_o can_v be_v call_v scutage_n or_o how_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o other_o lord_n from_o who_o they_o hold_v those_o land_n can_v give_v away_o their_o money_n for_o they_o and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n i_o desire_v also_o to_o know_v how_o all_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n in_o england_n can_v be_v charge_v with_o this_o tax_n a_o great_a many_o of_o they_o be_v you_o yourself_o grant_v hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o else_o of_o bishop_n abbot_n or_o other_o mesâ—e_a lord_n by_o soccage_n or_o bargage_v tenure_n so_o that_o this_o tax_n if_o grant_v only_o by_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o knight_n service_n can_v reach_v they_o and_o no_o other_o person_n but_o if_o by_o this_o word_n a_o militibus_fw-la may_v be_v understand_v knight_n of_o shire_n than_o the_o tax_n be_v general_a as_o well_o upon_o soccage_n tenant_n as_o those_o by_o knight_n service_n but_o for_o the_o other_o word_n you_o insist_v upon_o viz._n the_o liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la which_o you_o translate_v tenant_n by_o military_a service_n if_o that_o have_v be_v the_o meaning_n of_o these_o word_n than_o they_o have_v be_v altogether_o in_o vain_a since_o you_o have_v already_o tell_v i_o that_o the_o â—â—lites_n be_v so_o call_v non_fw-la a_o militari_fw-la cingulo_fw-la sed_fw-la a_o feodo_fw-la and_o if_o it_o be_v no_o name_n of_o dignity_n then_o certain_o the_o word_n milites_fw-la will_v have_v serve_v to_o comprehend_v all_o your_o liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la without_o any_o other_o addition_n but_o that_o these_o word_n laberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la do_v not_o here_o signify_v tenant_n by_o military_a service_n pray_v see_v sir_n henry_n spelman_n glossary_a tit._n libre_fw-la homo_fw-la &_o libre_fw-la tenens_fw-la where_o he_o there_o give_v we_o a_o more_o general_a signification_n of_o theseword_n thus_o ad_fw-la nobilesolim_n spectabant_fw-la isti_fw-la 〈◊〉_d à _fw-la majoribus_fw-la ortos_fw-la omnino_fw-la liberis_fw-la and_o then_o end_v thus_o vide_fw-la ingenuus_n legalis_fw-la 〈◊〉_d francus_n tenens_fw-la liberè_fw-la alius_fw-la libre_fw-la tenent_n quo_fw-la etiam_fw-la sensu_fw-la occurrit_fw-la interdum_fw-la homo_fw-la 〈◊〉_d which_o upon_o every_o one_o of_o these_o title_n he_o make_v to_o signify_v all_o one_o use_v the_o same_o thing_n viz._n a_o ordinary_a freeholder_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o very_a force_a interpretation_n of_o you_o to_o limit_v these_o word_n communitas_fw-la populi_n only_o to_o the_o community_n or_o body_n of_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la though_o i_o confess_v you_o be_v very_o kind_a in_o one_o main_a point_n in_o únderstand_v the_o communitas_fw-la populi_n to_o mean_v the_o community_n of_o the_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o be_v no_o baron_n and_o then_o do_v what_o you_o can_v these_o word_n must_v here_o signify_v mere_a commoner_n or_o commons_o unless_o you_o can_v show_v we_o a_o three_o sort_v of_o man_n who_o though_o neither_o lord_n nor_o commons_o yet_o have_v a_o place_n in_o parliament_n so_o that_o these_o gentleman_n notwithstanding_o their_o tenure_n be_v no_o more_o noble_a than_o their_o feudatory_a tenant_n or_o vavafor_n themselves_o my_o than_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v at_o this_o day_n and_o then_o grant_v as_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o i_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o prove_v that_o the_o city_n and_o borough_n have_v then_o also_o their_o representative_n there_o i_o pray_v tell_v i_o whether_o or_o no_o there_o be_v not_o commons_o in_o parliament_n before_o 49_o hen._n iii_o or_o not_o which_o be_v contrary_a to_o your_o dr.'s_n assertion_n in_o divers_a place_n of_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n and_o that_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la must_v here_o signify_v the_o commons_o and_o not_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o laity_n appear_v plain_o by_o this_o place_n you_o have_v quote_v since_o it_o be_v restrain_v by_o yourself_o to_o mean_v not_o the_o whole_a community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o only_o the_o community_n of_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v not_o lord_n but_o that_o matt._n paris_n do_v also_o in_o another_o place_n take_v the_o word_n populus_fw-la for_o the_o commoner_n and_o not_o for_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o laity_n pray_v again_o remember_v what_o he_o say_v in_o anno_fw-la 1225._o where_o relate_v the_o manner_n how_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la come_v to_o be_v confirm_v in_o 9th_o hen._n iii_o he_o tell_v we_o rex_fw-la henricus_fw-la ad_fw-la natale_n tenuit_fw-la curiam_fw-la svam_fw-la apud_fw-la westm_n
praesentibus_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la cum_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la regionis_fw-la which_o pray_v let_v we_o put_v into_o english_a and_o see_v if_o it_o will_v not_o prove_v what_o i_o say_v viz._n the_o clergy_n and_o people_n be_v present_a with_o the_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n now_o if_o the_o word_n magnate_v as_o you_o affirm_v do_v then_o comprehend_v all_o the_o baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o what_o purpose_n be_v the_o word_n people_n put_v here_o as_o a_o distinct_a member_n of_o this_o parliament_n but_o to_o show_v you_o father_n that_o this_o word_n populus_fw-la be_v not_o always_o to_o be_v understand_v for_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o laic_n but_o lord_n and_o knight_n of_o shire_n 〈◊〉_d shall_v show_v you_o out_o of_o walsingham_n anno_fw-la 1297._o 24_o edw._n i._o where_o he_o mention_n a_o parliament_n hold_v at_o st._n edmundsbury_n in_o quo_fw-la a_o civitatibus_fw-la &_o burgis_fw-la concessa_fw-la est_fw-la regâ—_n octava_fw-la a_o populo_fw-la vero_fw-la reliquo_fw-la dvodecima_fw-la pars_fw-la bonorum_fw-la where_o by_o populus_fw-la 〈◊〉_d not_o only_o mean_v the_o peer_n but_o knight_n of_o shire_n or_o grands_fw-fr des_fw-fr 〈◊〉_d also_o m._n i_o be_o not_o prepare_v at_o present_a to_o answer_v all_o the_o query_n and_o difficulty_n that_o you_o can_v make_v or_o raise_v against_o the_o dr.'s_n argument_n yet_o i_o think_v i_o be_o able_a to_o give_v you_o a_o very_a satisfactory_a answer_n why_o all_o tenant_n in_o soccage_n shall_v be_v bounâ—_n by_o the_o act_n of_o those_o of_o who_o they_o hold_v their_o estate_n for_o since_o as_o i_o have_v a_o ready_a prove_v all_o the_o land_n in_o england_n except_o what_o belong_v to_o religious_a house_n be_v grant_v out_o by_o king_n william_n the_o conqueror_n to_o be_v hold_v in_o capite_fw-la by_o knight_n service_n and_o be_v again_o grant_v out_o by_o these_o head-tenant_n to_o their_o feudatory_a oâ—_n mesne_n tenant_n by_o the_o like_a service_n there_o be_v very_o few_o land_n grant_v in_o free_a soccage_n at_o the_o first_o and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o in_o process_n of_o time_n maâ—_n of_o those_o estate_n and_o land_n become_v free_a tenement_n i._n or_o be_v hold_v in_o soccage_n that_o be_v be_v freehold_n yet_o the_o lord_n still_o retaiâ—_n the_o homage_n which_o in_o the_o time_n we_o speak_v of_o be_v no_o idle_a insignificant_a word_n and_o by_o that_o a_o dominion_n over_o the_o estate_n whereby_o upon_o disobedience_n treachery_n or_o injury_n do_v to_o the_o lord_n the_o land_n be_v forfeit_v to_o they_o and_o theâ—_n neither_o the_o land_n nor_o the_o tenant_n to_o they_o which_o be_v term_v freeholderâ—_n be_v subject_a to_o any_o base_a service_n or_o servile_a work_n yet_o the_o lord_n have_v still_o great_a power_n over_o these_o tenant_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o do_v homage_n to_o they_o 〈◊〉_d â—o_o nominè_fw-la their_o land_n be_v many_o way_n liable_a to_o forfeiture_n and_o therefore_o it_o waâ—_n but_o reason_n that_o the_o chief_a lord_n be_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v conclude_v that_o tenant_n in_o soccage_n also_o and_o both_o make_v law_n and_o give_v tax_n for_o they_o without_o their_o be_v at_o all_o privy_a to_o it_o but_o admit_v i_o grant_v that_o before_o 49th_o 〈◊〉_d there_o be_v in_o some_o sense_n commons_o in_o parliament_n though_o not_o as_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n choose_v by_o the_o common_a people_n as_o their_o representative_n yet_o 〈◊〉_d it_o not_o destroy_v i_o or_o the_o dr.'s_n assertion_n who_o in_o the_o introduction_n before_o the_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n only_o affirm_v that_o before_o the_o 49th_o aforesaid_a the_o body_n of_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n or_o ordinary_a freeman_n as_o now_o understand_v or_o as_o we_o now_o call_v they_o collective_o take_v etc._n etc._n have_v any_o share_n or_o vote_n in_o make_v law_n unless_o as_o they_o be_v 〈◊〉_d present_v by_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la f._n 82._o be_v it_o so_o but_o i_o be_o sure_a in_o many_o place_n of_o the_o dr_n booâ—_n he_o absolute_o deny_v that_o there_o be_v any_o commons_o in_o parliament_n till_o the_o time_n he_o assign_v but_o as_o for_o what_o you_o allege_v in_o answer_n to_o my_o query_n how_o tenant_n in_o soccage_n can_v have_v law_n make_v for_o they_o and_o tax_n lay_v upon_o they_o 〈◊〉_d â—heir_a lord_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la your_o answer_n be_v whole_o ground_v upon_o mistake_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n king_n william_n do_v not_o grant_v all_o the_o land_n in_o england_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o he_o by_o knight_n service_n since_o as_o i_o shall_v prove_v hereafter_o there_o be_v many_o subordinate_a tenant_n to_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o other_o great_a lord_n who_o never_o forfeit_v their_o estate_n at_o all_o nor_o be_v disseize_v of_o they_o by_o your_o conqueror_n â—ad_a who_o have_v also_o great_a number_n of_o considerable_a freeholder_n under_o they_o as_o in_o 〈◊〉_d at_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o land_n be_v gavelkind_a which_o be_v soccage_n teâ—re_o in_o the_o next_o place_n neither_o be_v all_o the_o land_n he_o bestow_v upon_o his_o follower_n grant_v to_o be_v hold_v by_o knight_n service_n since_o you_o your_o seâ—f_n own_o that_o a_o great_a deal_n â—land_n be_v give_v by_o he_o to_o his_o inferior_a servant_n to_o be_v hold_v by_o petit_n serjeanty_n and_o beside_o this_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o other_o land_n be_v regranted_a by_o that_o king_n himself_o 〈◊〉_d some_o of_o those_o old_a proprietor_n who_o have_v be_v dispossess_v to_o be_v hold_v in_o soccage_n be_v appear_v from_o fleta_n 8._o who_o speak_v of_o these_o sort_n of_o man_n say_v express_o in_o 〈◊〉_d maneriis_fw-la seilicet_fw-la regis_fw-la erant_fw-la liberi_fw-la hemines_n labâ—ri_fw-la tenentes_fw-la quorum_fw-la quidaâ—i_fw-la 〈◊〉_d per_fw-la potentiores_fw-la a_o tenementis_fw-la fuerant_fw-la ejecti_fw-la eadem_fw-la post_fw-la modum_fw-la in_o villenagium_fw-la tenenâ—â—_fw-la resempserunt_fw-la &_o quia_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la cultores_fw-la regis_fw-la esse_fw-la dâ—gnoscuntur_fw-la provisa_fw-la 〈◊〉_d quiet_n ne_fw-la sectas_fw-la facerent_fw-la ad_fw-la comitatum_fw-la well_fw-mi hundredum_fw-la &c_n &c_n quorâ—m_fw-la â—â—gregationem_fw-la tunc_fw-la soccam_fw-la appellarent_fw-la hinc_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la sokemanni_n body_n dicunâ—â—_n etc._n etc._n where_o you_o may_v see_v that_o these_o socman_n or_o soccager_n be_v then_o create_v by_o a_o â—ew_a tenure_n from_o this_o king_n nor_o do_v all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la grant_v their_o land_n â—o_o other_o to_o be_v hold_v by_o knight_n service_n since_o they_o as_o well_o as_o the_o king_n do_v at_o first_o 〈◊〉_d also_o in_o process_n of_o time_n grant_v land_n to_o the_o old_a english_a proprietor_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o â—â—em_n in_o soccage_n nor_o be_v homage_n the_o proper_a or_o only_a badge_n of_o soccage_n tenure_n but_o â—ealty_n unless_o the_o land_n have_v be_v hold_v by_o knight_n service_n at_o first_o as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o littleton_n 2d_o book_n sect._n 118._o nor_o do_v this_o soccage_n tenure_n give_v the_o lord_n any_o more_o right_a over_o his_o tenant_n estate_n to_o tax_v he_o de_fw-fr alto_fw-mi &_o bâ—sso_fw-la at_o his_o will_n by_o â—eason_n of_o the_o subjection_n he_o be_v in_o to_o the_o lord_n in_o respect_n of_o forfeiture_n since_o â—hen_o the_o king_n shall_v have_v have_v for_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o same_o right_n over_o all_o his_o 〈◊〉_d in_o capite_fw-la to_o tax_v they_o likewise_o at_o his_o pleasure_n and_o this_o right_n of_o forfeiâ—â—â—_n in_o case_n of_o felony_n or_o for_o want_n of_o heir_n continue_v to_o the_o lord_n as_o well_o of_o soccage_n tenant_n as_o other_o long_o after_o the_o time_n you_o assign_v for_o the_o come_n of_o the_o commons_o to_o parliament_n even_o to_o our_o own_o time_n and_o yet_o for_o all_o that_o those_o lord_n can_v not_o give_v tax_n for_o such_o tenant_n in_o soccage_n at_o their_o pleasure_n but_o that_o we_o may_v proceed_v pray_v consider_v also_o the_o form_n of_o the_o peace_n agree_v upon_o between_o the_o king_n the_o prince_n his_o son_n and_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n assemble_v in_o parliament_n to_o compose_v all_o difference_n between_o the_o king_n and_o the_o â—arons_n the_o title_n of_o which_o in_o the_o record_n be_v thus_o haec_fw-la est_fw-la forma_fw-la 〈◊〉_d a_o domino_fw-la rege_fw-la &_o domino_fw-la edwardo_n filio_fw-la svo_fw-la dorso_fw-la praelatis_fw-la &_o proceriâ—â—â—â—â—â—â—ibus_fw-la cum_fw-la communitate_fw-la totâ_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la communitèr_fw-la &_o conâ—â—â—ditèr_fw-la approbata_fw-la which_o article_n be_v sign_v by_o the_o bishop_n of_o lincoln_n the_o bishop_n of_o ely_n earl_n of_o norfolk_n earl_n of_o oxon_n humphrey_n bohun_n william_n de_fw-fr monte_fw-fr canisio_n &_o majore_fw-la london_n in_o parliamento_fw-la london_n mensae_fw-la junii_fw-la anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 1264._o haec_fw-la autem_fw-la â—rimatio_fw-la facta_fw-la est_fw-la london_n de_fw-fr consensu_fw-la
which_o all_o the_o land_n in_o england_n be_v liable_a to_o as_o well_o after_o as_o before_o your_o conquest_n nor_o will_v the_o 58_o the_o law_n make_v more_o for_o you_o for_o though_o it_o â—â—ly_o say_v that_o all_o earl_n baron_n knight_n and_o their_o servitor_n or_o esquire_n and_o all_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n shall_v always_o be_v fit_v with_o horse_n and_o arm_n as_o they_o â—â—ought_v to_o be_v and_o which_o they_o ought_v to_o do_v according_a to_o and_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o â—ees_n and_o tenor_n now_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o this_o law_n can_v extend_v to_o the_o less_o 〈◊〉_d capite_fw-la only_a since_o they_o according_a to_o your_o own_o sense_n be_v comprehend_v â—â—eder_o the_o word_n milites_fw-la and_o their_o servientes_fw-la which_o seem_v to_o mean_v their_o feudataâ—y_a tenant_n be_v as_o much_o tie_v by_o this_o law_n to_o find_v horse_n and_o arm_n as_o the_o tâ—â—ants_n in_o capite_fw-la themselves_o so_o that_o whereas_o the_o law_n say_v express_o uniâ—â—rsi_fw-la liberi_fw-la â—â—mines_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la it_o shall_v have_v be_v to_o make_v good_a your_o sense_n universe_n libeâ—â—_n homines_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la tenant_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la and_o as_o for_o the_o other_o freeman_n who_o be_v â—f_o lesser_a estate_n than_o to_o find_v horse_n they_o be_v to_o be_v ready_a with_o such_o arm_n as_o beâ—â—ed_v their_o condition_n as_o we_o see_v it_o explain_v by_o the_o assize_n of_o arm_n of_o henry_n ii_o which_o i_o have_v now_o cite_v so_o that_o this_o law_n of_o king_n william_n be_v not_o to_o be_v take_v in_o 〈◊〉_d sense_n you_o put_v upon_o it_o that_o all_o the_o true_a freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v oblige_v to_o be_v ready_a with_o horse_n and_o arm_n as_o if_o none_o be_v freeman_n that_o do_v not_o but_o refer_v the_o word_n horse_n and_o arm_n to_o those_o who_o be_v to_o â—ind_v both_o and_o the_o word_n arm_n to_o those_o freeman_n who_o be_v only_o oblige_v to_o keep_v arm_n â—it_a for_o footman_n which_o sense_n the_o word_n will_v very_o well_o bear_v though_o express_v general_o and_o concise_o according_a to_o the_o mode_n of_o those_o time_n which_o abhor_v more_o word_n than_o â—eeds_o and_o if_o these_o law_n will_v not_o prove_v what_o you_o bring_v they_o for_o much_o less_o till_o the_o last_o you_o have_v cite_v for_o if_o the_o word_n omneâ—_n liberâ—_n homines_fw-la totius_fw-la monarâ—â—_n in_o the_o first_o law_n who_o be_v to_o take_v a_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o the_o king_n must_v â—â—tend_v to_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o england_n as_o certain_o it_o do_v all_o freeman_n be_v aâ—â—e_n oblige_v to_o be_v swear_v in_o the_o court_n leer_n and_o county_n court_n so_o must_v this_o too_o 〈◊〉_d title_n be_v that_o omnes_fw-la subditi_fw-la all_o the_o subject_n shall_v endeavour_v to_o maintain_v the_o king_n right_n with_o all_o their_o power_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o subditi_fw-la here_o be_v the_o same_o with_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la in_o the_o first_o law_n yet_o since_o by_o that_o law_n all_o freeman_n be_v to_o take_v the_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o the_o king_n these_o must_v be_v also_o the_o very_a same_o freeman_n who_o be_v to_o be_v swear_v brother_n to_o defend_v the_o kingdom_n according_a to_o their_o power_n and_o estate_n so_o that_o all_o that_o you_o have_v say_v to_o prove_v your_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o be_v the_o only_a freeman_n that_o serve_v oâ—_n jury_n etc._n etc._n be_v build_v upon_o a_o false_a interpretation_n of_o these_o law_n of_o king_n william_n be_v but_o the_o mere_a fancy_n and_o imagination_n of_o the_o author_n from_o who_o you_o borrow_v they_o but_o take_v the_o word_n liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la in_o the_o strict_a sense_n and_o as_o they_o be_v be_v the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o king_n john_n and_o h._n iii_o chap._n 14._o where_o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o libre_fw-la homo_fw-la non_fw-la amercietur_fw-la pro_fw-la parvo_fw-la delicto_fw-la nisi_fw-la secundum_fw-la modum_fw-la illius_fw-la delicti_fw-la saluâ—â—h_fw-mi contenemento_fw-it svo_fw-la &_o mercatar_a eodem_fw-la modo_fw-la salva_fw-la marchandiza_fw-mi &_o villanus_fw-la saluâ—_n wâ—nagio_n upon_o which_o word_n sir_n edward_n coke_n in_o his_o 2_o d._n inst._n observe_v that_o 〈◊〉_d homo_fw-la be_v here_o mean_v such_o a_o one_o as_o enjoy_v a_o franc_n tenement_n that_o be_v any_o sort_n of_o freeâ—â—_n hold_v but_o pray_v go_v on_o to_o prove_v by_o some_o plain_a authority_n that_o the_o arch-bishops_a bishop_n and_o abbot_n etc._n etc._n together_o with_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o other_o tenant_n in_o capita_fw-la be_v the_o only_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o the_o assess_n of_o tax_n and_o make_v law_n in_o the_o time_n immediate_o succeed_v the_o reign_n of_o king_n william_n the_o first_o m._n i_o shall_v perform_v your_o desire_n and_o will_v begin_v with_o the_o great_a council_n 〈◊〉_d parliament_n hold_v at_o clarendon_n of_o which_o matt._n paris_n tell_v we_o 〈◊〉_d dom._n 1164._o 10_o the_o of_o king_n h._n ii_o â—20_n in_o presentia_fw-la regis_fw-la henriâ—s_n 〈…〉_z rendon_n 8_o calend._n febr._n etc._n etc._n de_fw-fr mandato_fw-la ipsius_fw-la regis_fw-la presentibus_fw-la 〈◊〉_d archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la prioribus_fw-la comitibus_fw-la 〈◊〉_d &_o proceribus_fw-la regni_fw-la facta_fw-la est_fw-la recognitio_fw-la and_o which_o quadrilogus_fw-la and_o gervasâ—_n 〈◊〉_d canterbury_n comprise_v under_o the_o general_a term_n of_o brasules_a &_o prâ—ceres_fw-la regni_fw-la the_o bishop_n and_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingâ—dom_n 1164._o what_o can_v be_v more_o clear_a by_o this_o enumeration_n of_o the_o constitâ—â—ent_a part_n of_o this_o full_a parliament_n as_o mr._n sâ—lden_n and_o other_o author_n agree_v it_o to_o be_v than_o that_o the_o commons_o be_v then_o none_o of_o theâ—_n and_o that_o the_o clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la in_o hoveden_n be_v only_o the_o 〈◊〉_d and_o lay_v nobility_n so_o likewise_o when_o these_o constitution_n be_v again_o renew_v by_o this_o king_n at_o bathampton_n the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o though_o by_o a_o mistake_v it_o be_v writtâ—â—_n nottingham_n that_o rex_fw-la pater_fw-la ibi_fw-la celebravit_fw-la magnum_fw-la consilium_fw-la de_fw-fr 〈◊〉_d it_o be_v regni_fw-la 50._o &_o coram_fw-la rege_fw-la filio_fw-la svo_fw-la &_o coram_fw-la archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopâ—â—_n comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la which_o council_n be_v more_o particular_o recite_v by_o benedictus_n abbas_n in_o his_o manuscript_n history_n 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o cottonian_a library_n anno._n 1176._o which_o be_v the_o 25_o the_o h._n 〈◊〉_d circa_n festum_fw-la conversionis_fw-la sancti_fw-la pauli_n julii_fw-la venit_fw-la dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la usque_fw-la â—â—â—thampton_fw-la &_o magnum_fw-la ibi_fw-la celebravit_fw-la concilium_fw-la de_fw-la statutis_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la 〈◊〉_d episcopis_fw-la &_o comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la terrae_fw-la suae_fw-la &_o coram_fw-la eye_v per_fw-la 〈◊〉_d regis_fw-la henrici_fw-la filii_fw-la svi_fw-la &_o per_fw-la concilium_fw-la comitum_fw-la &_o baronum_n &_o nilitâ—â—_n hominum_fw-la suorum_fw-la hanc_fw-la subscriptam_fw-la assisam_fw-la â—ecit_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o ralph_n de_fw-fr diceto_n dean_n of_o st._n paul_n a._n d._n 1210._o a_o diligent_a searcher_n into_o the_o history_n and_o transaction_n of_o his_o own_o and_o former_a time_n 40._o do_v yet_o more_o full_o declare_v the_o meaning_n of_o abbot_n benedict_n in_o the_o account_n he_o give_v of_o this_o great_a council_n thus_o rex_fw-la juxta_fw-la consilium_fw-la filii_fw-la svi_fw-la regis_fw-la coram_fw-la episcopis_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o aliis_fw-la hominibus_fw-la suis_fw-la in_o hoc_fw-la consentientibus_fw-la etc._n etc._n hoc_fw-la autem_fw-la factum_fw-la est_fw-la apud_fw-la northamptonam_fw-la â—ino_fw-la kal_n febr._n from_o all_o which_o authority_n we_o may_v collect_v that_o this_o council_n at_o northampton_n as_o well_o as_o that_o at_o clarendon_n be_v a_o great_a or_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n to_o which_o be_v summon_v of_o the_o laity_n only_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n of_o he_o viz._n the_o king_n land_n to_o which_o be_v also_o add_v for_o the_o better_a explain_v who_o be_v understand_v under_o these_o title_n of_o baronum_n militum_fw-la &_o hominum_fw-la suorum_fw-la that_o be_v such_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o be_v knight_n and_o such_o as_o be_v his_o man_n or_o tenant_n that_o be_v military_a tenant_n as_o be_v not_o knight_v and_o who_o hold_v land_n either_o of_o the_o king_n or_o his_o son_n to_o who_o the_o king_n may_v assign_v divers_a of_o these_o baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o atturn_v tenant_n to_o he_o 204._o and_o to_o maintain_v his_o court_n and_o kingship_n and_o the_o king_n be_v comites_fw-la and_o barones_n terrae_fw-la suae_fw-la be_v the_o earl_n and_o baron_n of_o his_o kingdom_n that_o hold_v immediate_o of_o he_o or_o be_v his_o immediate_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o that_o homo_fw-la suus_fw-la &_o homines_fw-la svi_fw-la do_v for_o
the_o most_o part_n signify_v the_o king_n or_o any_o other_o lord_n be_v immediate_a tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n for_o you_o may_v consult_v spelman_n glossary_a and_o du_n fresue_n lexicon_n under_o these_o title_n but_o far_a to_o confirm_v who_o be_v then_o the_o constituent_a member_n of_o our_o great_a council_n pray_v see_v the_o title_n to_o the_o assize_n of_o forest_n under_o king_n richard_n the_o i._o which_o hoveden_n recite_v in_o these_o word_n haec_fw-la est_fw-la assiza_n dom._n regis_fw-la 40._o &_o haec_fw-la sunt_fw-la praecepta_fw-la de_fw-la forestis_n suis_fw-la in_o angliae_fw-la facta_fw-la per_fw-la assensum_fw-la &_o consilium_fw-la archiepiscoporum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la &_o abbatum_fw-la comitum_fw-la &_o baronum_n &_o militum_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la where_o by_o militum_fw-la be_v to_o be_v understand_v not_o only_o those_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o be_v knight_v but_o also_o all_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o if_o the_o word_n ever_o signify_v any_o other_o person_n 61._o they_o be_v not_o ordinary_a freeholder_n but_o liberè_fw-la tenentes_fw-la in_o servitio_fw-la militari_fw-la freeholder_n in_o military_a service_n as_o you_o may_v find_v in_o the_o dr.'s_n glossary_a tit._n probi_fw-la homines_fw-la milites_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o pray_v remember_v also_o what_o sir_n h._n spelman_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o glossary_n tit._n miles_n that_o these_o milites_fw-la when_o put_v alone_o be_v proper_o the_o liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la qui_fw-la non_fw-la à _fw-la militari_fw-la cingulo_fw-la sed_fw-la a_o frodo_fw-la nomen_fw-la sumpserunt_fw-la so_o that_o i_o think_v no_o ingenious_a man_n but_o will_v confess_v that_o all_o these_o council_n be_v general_a council_n or_o parliament_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n consist_v of_o no_o other_o person_n than_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la f._n to_o return_v a_o answer_n to_o all_o your_o authority_n together_o i_o must_v now_o repeat_v what_o i_o often_o say_v that_o there_o be_v no_o firm_a argument_n to_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o doubtful_a word_n and_o general_a expression_n of_o our_o ancient_a historian_n and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o to_o show_v you_o that_o all_o the_o whole_a strength_n of_o your_o reason_n consist_v in_o this_o alone_a but_o since_o i_o have_v already_o speak_v so_o much_o of_o the_o various_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n barones_n regis_fw-la &_o regni_fw-la i_o shall_v omit_v that_o and_o now_o proceed_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o word_n which_o you_o think_v make_v so_o plain_a for_o you_o and_o shall_v only_o observe_v at_o present_a that_o these_o word_n barones_n and_o milites_fw-la be_v always_o stretch_v or_o contract_v according_a as_o the_o gentleman_n of_o your_o opinion_n find_v it_o best_o to_o suit_n with_o their_o hypothesis_n as_o for_o example_n if_o the_o word_n barones_n be_v put_v alone_o than_o it_o must_v signify_v none_o but_o great_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la if_o it_o be_v join_v with_o milites_fw-la then_o by_o barones_n must_v be_v only_o mean_v the_o great_a baron_n or_o peer_n and_o by_o milites_fw-la those_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v not_o lord_n if_o any_o other_o word_n follow_v milites_fw-la than_o this_o word_n must_v signify_v only_o such_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o be_v knight_v so_o likewise_o you_o deal_v with_o all_o other_o word_n though_o of_o never_o so_o comprehensive_a a_o signification_n but_o why_o may_v not_o i_o with_o as_o much_o reason_n affirm_v that_o by_o barones_n mention_v in_o these_o authority_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v the_o barones_n properly_z so_o call_v and_o by_o the_o milites_fw-la the_o knight_n of_o shire_n whether_o they_o be_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o feudatories_n to_o other_o for_o radulphus_fw-la de_fw-la diceto_fw-la in_o anno_fw-la 1040._o in_o the_o law_n of_o malcolm_n the_o second_o king_n of_o scot_n mention_n milites_fw-la vavasores_fw-la qui_fw-la tenent_fw-la de_fw-fr baronibus_fw-la tetras_fw-la svas_fw-la and_o that_o not_o only_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o all_o other_o of_o whosoever_o they_o hold_v who_o be_v able_a to_o maintain_v themselves_o like_o knight_n may_v be_v then_o force_v to_o receive_v knighthood_n appear_v by_o two_o writ_n of_o 24_o the_o and_o 26_o the_o h._n iii_o as_o they_o be_v find_v in_o the_o close_a roll_n dorso_fw-la under_o this_o title_n forma_fw-la de_fw-la molitibus_fw-la faciendis_fw-la and_o i_o desire_v you_o will_v read_v the_o writ_n itself_o rex_fw-la vicecomiti_fw-la northampton_n salutem_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la tibi_fw-la quod_fw-la per_fw-la totam_fw-la ballivam_fw-la tuam_fw-la in_o singulis_n bonis_fw-la villis_fw-la &_o similiter_fw-la in_o pleno_fw-la comitatu_fw-la tuo_fw-la clamari_fw-la facias_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la illi_fw-la de_fw-la comitatu_fw-la tuo_fw-la qui_fw-la tenent_fw-la feodum_fw-la militis_fw-la integrum_fw-la vel_fw-la etiam_fw-la minus_fw-la quam_fw-la feodum_fw-la integrum_fw-la dum_fw-la tamen_fw-la de_fw-it tenemento_fw-it svo_fw-la tam_fw-la militari_fw-la quam_fw-la socagio_fw-it pâ—ssint_fw-la sustentari_fw-la &_o milites_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la sicut_fw-la tenementa_fw-la sua_fw-la deligunt_fw-la citra_fw-la festum_fw-la omnium_fw-la sanctorum_fw-la anno_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la 25._o arma_fw-la capiant_fw-la &_o se_fw-la milites_fw-la fieri_fw-la faciant_fw-la et_fw-la si_fw-la qui_fw-la fuerint_fw-la tale_n qui_fw-la citra_fw-la terminum_fw-la illum_fw-la se_fw-la milites_fw-la fieri_fw-la non_fw-la fecerint_fw-la omnia_fw-la nomina_fw-la eorum_fw-la statim_fw-la à _fw-la termino_fw-la illo_fw-la &_o quantitatem_fw-la &_o valorem_fw-la tenementorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la nobit_fw-la scire_fw-la facias_fw-la testae_fw-la rege_fw-la apud_fw-la lewes_n 25_o die_v julii_fw-la similiter_fw-la scribitur_fw-la omnibus_fw-la vicecomitibus_fw-la and_o as_o for_o the_o word_n homines_fw-la svi_fw-la which_o you_o will_v have_v only_o to_o mean_v the_o king_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la those_o word_n have_v so_o equivocal_a a_o signification_n that_o there_o be_v no_o argument_n to_o be_v draw_v from_o they_o for_o they_o may_v as_o well_o signify_v all_o the_o king_n subject_n swear_v to_o he_o by_o fealty_n and_o allegiance_n as_o tenant_n by_o homage_n or_o knight_n service_n only_o as_o sir_n h._n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_n observe_v upon_o the_o word_n homo_fw-la dicitur_fw-la de_fw-la quovis_fw-la praediorum_fw-la tenente_fw-la sive_fw-la socmanno_n sive_fw-la militari_fw-la and_o for_o this_o he_o cite_v the_o book_n of_o ramsey_n and_o if_o suus_fw-la be_v add_v to_o homo_fw-la it_o do_v much_o alter_v the_o case_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o word_n follow_v in_o the_o same_o place_n dicitur_fw-la praeterca_fw-la de_fw-la quovis_fw-la ministro_fw-la &_o subdito_fw-la &_o saepe_fw-la occurrit_fw-la hoc_fw-la modo_fw-la in_o antiquis_fw-la privilegiis_fw-la non_fw-la solum_fw-la vassalos_n &_o tenentes_fw-la sed_fw-la famulos_fw-la &_o subditos_fw-la quoslibet_fw-la significans_fw-la and_o for_o this_o he_o give_v we_o several_a authority_n so_o that_o you_o see_v these_o word_n do_v not_o only_o signify_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o also_o any_o other_o subject_n and_o so_o may_v take_v in_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n with_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n likewise_o at_o least_o the_o representative_n of_o such_o city_n and_o burrough_n as_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o your_o own_o sense_n of_o these_o word_n but_o i_o shall_v however_o say_v something_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o word_n you_o insist_v upon_o out_o of_o abbot_n benedict_n viz._n barones_n terrae_fw-la suae_fw-la which_o mean_v no_o more_o than_o regni_fw-la svi_fw-la before_o mention_v and_o then_o it_o will_v signify_v no_o more_o than_o that_o all_o the_o baron_n of_o his_o kingdom_n be_v summon_v to_o this_o assembly_n which_o word_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la i_o can_v give_v mr._n selden_n authority_n for_o who_o in_o his_o first_o edition_n 277._o 2_o d_o part_n have_v his_o remarkable_a passage_n speak_v of_o the_o several_a kind_n of_o baron_n he_o say_v that_o beside_o the_o barones_n regis_fw-la there_o be_v baron_n of_o subject_n hold_v not_o of_o the_o king_n but_o by_o mesnalty_n who_o make_v a_o three_o rank_n of_o such_o as_o be_v lord_n of_o manor_n etc._n etc._n out_o of_o this_o may_v be_v understand_v why_o and_o in_o what_o sense_n baronagium_n angliae_fw-la rex_fw-la &_o baronagium_fw-la suum_fw-la &_o sine_fw-la assensu_fw-la baronagii_fw-la svi_fw-la so_o often_o occur_v in_o our_o old_a story_n take_v as_o well_o for_o the_o king_n and_o the_o whole_a state_n sometime_o as_o for_o the_o great_a nobility_n but_o if_o your_o dr._n have_v be_v please_v to_o have_v compare_v the_o author_n he_o quote_v with_o other_o nay_o with_o the_o title_n to_o the_o very_a constitution_n of_o clarendâ—n_n themselves_o 41._o as_o he_o have_v give_v they_o as_o in_o his_o appendix_n to_o his_o history_n out_o of_o quadrilogus_fw-la this_o objection_n will_v have_v be_v needless_a 1395._o for_o if_o you_o consult_v gervase_n of_o canterbury_n he_o style_v the_o party_n to_o this_o council_n praesules_fw-la and_o proceres_fw-la anglicani_n regni_fw-la and_o as_o for_o matt._n paris_n 100_o pray_v observe_v that_o after_o the_o
hold_v whole_o by_o socage_n tenure_n whereas_o it_o appear_v plain_o by_o littleton_n that_o tenant_n in_o petyt_n serjeanty_n be_v subject_a to_o wardship_n marriage_n and_o relief_n so_o that_o whoever_o will_v but_o consider_v that_o near_o half_a the_o land_n in_o england_n be_v hold_v by_o bishop_n abbot_n prior_n etc._n etc._n and_o of_o who_o not_o a_o three_o part_n hold_v by_o knight_n service_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o will_v then_o likewise_o consider_v what_o a_o vast_a number_n of_o tenant_n those_o abbot_n prior_n dean_n and_o chapter_n who_o be_v not_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la at_o all_o must_v have_v have_v and_o who_o either_o hold_v estate_n in_o fee_n or_o else_o for_o life_n under_o they_o in_o socage_n as_o well_o as_o by_o knight_n service_n as_o also_o all_o the_o other_o sort_n of_o tenor_n i_o have_v already_o mention_v which_o either_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n as_o of_o some_o honour_n or_o castle_n or_o else_o of_o other_o mesne_n lord_n by_o other_o tenor_n than_o knight_n service_n must_v certain_o conclude_v that_o not_o above_o one_o half_a of_o the_o land_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v hold_v either_o immediate_o of_o the_o king_n or_o else_o of_o other_o mesne_n lord_n by_o that_o tenure_n so_o that_o if_o all_o these_o person_n which_o be_v far_o the_o great_a number_n of_o the_o freeholders_n in_o england_n shall_v have_v be_v thus_o exclude_v from_o have_v any_o thing_n to_o do_v in_o our_o great_a council_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o we_o shall_v have_v find_v sufficient_a clamour_n in_o our_o history_n against_o so_o unjust_a a_o constitution_n and_o when_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v in_o arm_n against_o king_n john_n at_o running-mead_n they_o will_v likewise_o have_v insert_v a_o clause_n for_o themselves_o if_o they_o have_v not_o have_v their_o suffrage_n there_o before_o either_o by_o themselves_o in_o their_o own_o person_n or_o by_o their_o lawful_a representative_n and_o therefore_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n i_o dare_v leave_v it_o to_o the_o consideration_n of_o any_o unprejudiced_a man_n whether_o it_o be_v not_o much_o more_o probable_a that_o the_o constitution_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n appear_v in_o parliament_n shall_v be_v much_o more_o ancient_a than_o the_o time_n you_o assign_v than_o that_o so_o small_a a_o body_n of_o man_n as_o the_o bishop_n lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v represent_v all_o the_o freeholder_n and_o people_n of_o england_n who_o never_o hold_v of_o they_o by_o knight_n service_n at_o all_o nor_o have_v you_o yet_o answer_v the_o quotation_n i_o have_v bring_v out_o of_o bracton_n in_o my_o last_o discourse_n to_o the_o contrary_n and_o whoever_o will_v but_o consult_v that_o author_n in_o his_o chapter_n of_o tenor_n will_v find_v that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v so_o far_o from_o have_v a_o power_n of_o charge_v all_o the_o mesne_n tenant_n at_o their_o pleasure_n that_o in_o his_o chapter_n de_fw-fr tenuris_n it_o appear_v that_o a_o mesne_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v purchase_v a_o estate_n for_o a_o valuable_a consideration_n be_v liable_a to_o no_o other_o service_n and_o condition_n than_o what_o his_o tenure_n express_v which_o once_o perform_v the_o lord_n have_v no_o more_o to_o say_v to_o he_o and_o if_o so_o be_v he_o lay_v any_o further_a burden_n upon_o he_o he_o may_v have_v have_v a_o writ_n of_o acquital_n out_o of_o the_o king_n court_n against_o he_o direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n several_a form_n of_o which_o you_o may_v see_v in_o glanville_n and_o in_o the_o old_a register_n m._n we_o be_v not_o to_o rest_v upon_o mere_a probability_n for_o some_o thing_n that_o now_o appear_v to_o we_o unreasonable_a at_o this_o instant_n of_o time_n may_v then_o be_v very_o just_a for_o if_o the_o feudatary_a tenant_n of_o the_o bishop_n baron_n and_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v well_o enough_o content_v with_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o it_o then_o be_v and_o that_o it_o plain_o appear_v by_o matter_n of_o fact_n that_o there_o be_v but_o one_o common_a council_n for_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o that_o of_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n great_a lord_n and_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o argue_v of_o any_o unreasonableness_n in_o or_o inconvenience_n that_o may_v arise_v from_o such_o a_o constitution_n though_o perhaps_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n do_v not_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la nor_o yet_o by_o knight_n service_n and_o therefore_o though_o the_o feudatary_a tenant_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v upon_o the_o performance_n of_o their_o service_n acquit_v of_o all_o other_o charge_n yet_o this_o be_v still_o to_o be_v understand_v only_o of_o such_o ordinary_a service_n as_o those_o tenant_n be_v to_o perform_v by_o virtue_n of_o their_o tenor_n such_o as_o be_v scutage_n service_n or_o the_o attend_v upon_o their_o lord_n when_o they_o go_v out_o to_o war_n along_o with_o the_o king_n but_o do_v not_o extend_v to_o such_o scutage_n as_o be_v grant_v in_o parliament_n or_o as_o a_o tax_n upon_o land_n by_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o the_o nation_n for_o then_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v not_o only_o the_o grantor_n but_o the_o collector_n too_o of_o such_o scutage_n tax_n from_o their_o military_a tenant_n and_o the_o writ_n to_o the_o sheriff_n be_v different_a from_o those_o for_o scutage_n service_n and_o for_o proof_n of_o this_o i_o desire_v you_o will_v peruâ—e_v that_o writ_n which_o the_o dr._n quote_v of_o the_o 19_o of_o hen._n iii_o which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o that_o year_n dorso_fw-la rex_fw-la vice_n comiti_fw-la sussex_n salutem_fw-la scias_n quod_fw-la archiepiscopi_fw-la episcopi_fw-la abbates_n priâ—reâ—_n comites_fw-la barones_n &_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la angliae_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenent_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la spontanea_fw-la voluâ—â—â—te_fw-la suâ—_n &_o sine_fw-la conâ—uetudine_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la nobis_fw-la efficax_n auxilium_fw-la ad_fw-la magna_fw-la negotia_fw-la nostra_fw-la expedienda_fw-la unde_fw-la provisum_fw-la 〈◊〉_d de_fw-la consilâ—o_fw-la illorum_fw-la quod_fw-la habeamus_fw-la de_fw-la feodis_fw-la militum_fw-la &_o wardis_n quae_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenent_n in_fw-la gapite_fw-la duâ—s_fw-la marcas_fw-la ad_fw-la predictum_fw-la auxilium_fw-la faciendum_fw-la &_o unde_fw-la proviâ—erint_fw-la reddere_fw-la nobis_fw-la unam_fw-la medietatem_fw-la ante_fw-la festum_fw-la sancti_fw-la micâ—aelis_fw-la anno_fw-la regni_fw-la 19_o &_o aliam_fw-la medictatem_fw-la ad_fw-la pasche_fw-la anno_fw-la regni_fw-la â—osirâ—_n 20._o ideo_fw-la tibi_fw-la precipimus_fw-la quod_fw-la capite_fw-la ad_fw-la mandatum_fw-la venerabilis_fw-la patris_fw-la r._n cicestren_a episcopi_fw-la cancellarii_n nostri_fw-la sine_fw-la dilatione_fw-la distringas_fw-la omnes_fw-la milites_fw-la &_o liberos_fw-la tenentes_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la eo_fw-la tenent_n per_fw-la servitium_n militare_fw-la in_o balliva_fw-la tua_fw-la ad_fw-la redlendum_fw-la ei_fw-la de_fw-la singulis_fw-la feotis_fw-la militum_fw-la &_o wardis_n dvas_fw-la marcas_fw-la ad_fw-la predictum_fw-la auxilium_fw-la nobis_fw-la per_fw-la manum_fw-la svam_fw-la reddendum_fw-la in_o terminis_fw-la predictis_fw-la sic_fw-la scribitur_fw-la pro_fw-la aliis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la prioribus_fw-la &_o magnatibus_fw-la now_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o tell_v i_o whether_o any_o thing_n can_v be_v more_o plain_a than_o that_o this_o tax_n be_v grant_v by_o a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n according_a to_o that_o clause_n of_o king_n john_n charter_n i_o have_v now_o cite_v wherein_o it_o be_v first_o especial_o provide_v that_o no_o aid_n or_o scutage_n shall_v be_v impose_v upon_o the_o kingdom_n unless_o by_o the_o common_a council_n thereof_o and_o yet_o you_o see_v by_o this_o writ_n that_o the_o archbishop_n etc._n etc._n with_o the_o baron_n there_o mention_v together_o with_o the_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o grant_v a_o aid_n or_o scutage_n tax_v of_o two_o mark_n for_o every_o knight_n fee_n which_o they_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n and_o that_o by_o virtue_n thereof_o not_o only_o those_o knight_n fee_n they_o hold_v in_o their_o hand_n but_o also_o all_o those_o subseudatary_a tenant_n call_v here_o freeholder_n who_o hold_v of_o they_o by_o knight_n service_n be_v likewise_o charge_v for_o every_o knight_n fee_n so_o hold_v the_o like_a sum_n of_o two_o mark_n now_o i_o think_v nothing_o can_v be_v more_o plain_a from_o this_o record_n than_o that_o this_o be_v a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o yet_o consist_v of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o and_o therefore_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o show_v i_o some_o better_a proof_n than_o you_o yet_o have_v do_v that_o these_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la ever_o make_v a_o distinct_a council_n different_a from_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n f._n i_o grant_v this_o seem_v at_o first_o sight_n to_o be_v a_o good_a authority_n for_o
that_o they_o shall_v have_v timely_a notice_n that_o they_o may_v give_v their_o advice_n in_o it_o as_o also_o that_o they_o may_v either_o come_v or_o stay_v away_o according_a to_o the_o greatness_n or_o urgency_n of_o the_o occasion_n and_o may_v also_o give_v their_o under-tenant_n notice_n to_o provide_v themselves_o with_o horse_n and_o arm_n and_o all_o thing_n necessary_a in_o case_n a_o war_n shall_v be_v agree_v on_o which_o i_o think_v be_v sufficient_a reason_n for_o thus_o express_v the_o cause_n of_o their_o meeting_n in_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n m._n admit_v this_o be_v so_o which_o i_o shall_v yet_o take_v further_a time_n to_o consider_v of_o pray_v tell_v i_o in_o the_o next_o place_n if_o all_o your_o inferior_a baron_n vavasor_n or_o lord_n of_o manor_n etc._n etc._n suppose_v they_o either_o to_o have_v appear_v in_o person_n or_o else_o as_o choose_v for_o knight_n of_o shire_n or_o else_o as_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n who_o be_v the_o member_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n i_o pray_v tell_v i_o why_o there_o shall_v not_o have_v be_v the_o same_o care_n take_v that_o they_o may_v be_v also_o summon_v as_o well_o as_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la certain_o they_o come_v not_o to_o they_o by_o instinct_n nor_o be_v it_o scarce_o probable_a that_o they_o will_v leave_v their_o country_n business_n to_o travel_v from_o one_o remote_a part_n of_o england_n to_o another_o to_o these_o great_a council_n which_o seldom_o continue_v above_o three_o or_o four_o day_n if_o they_o have_v have_v a_o right_a so_o to_o do_v f._n i_o shall_v answer_v you_o in_o few_o word_n because_o it_o be_v not_o at_o all_o necessary_a to_o express_v that_o clause_n you_o mention_v for_o they_o all_o since_o it_o be_v sufficient_a therein_o to_o follow_v the_o old_a course_n of_o summon_v the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o do_v which_o it_o have_v always_o be_v the_o custom_n to_o give_v sufficient_a notice_n by_o writ_n of_o summons_n of_o their_o meeting_n whereas_o in_o this_o council_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la since_o there_o be_v by_o this_o charter_n some_o alteration_n in_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o summon_v 68_o so_o there_o be_v also_o for_o express_v the_o cause_n of_o their_o meeting_n for_o whereas_o before_o that_o as_o the_o dr._n himself_o allow_v all_o the_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v particular_a letter_n or_o writ_n of_o summons_n express_v the_o cause_n of_o their_o meeting_n they_o be_v for_o the_o future_a to_o be_v summon_v by_o general_a writ_n direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v but_o reason_n that_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o particular_a clause_n reserve_v for_o their_o general_a summon_v which_o there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o in_o those_o writ_n that_o be_v issue_v for_o the_o summon_n there_a of_o the_o people_n or_o commons_o to_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n as_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o it_o will_v appear_v in_o case_n we_o have_v those_o writ_n to_o produce_v in_o which_o likewise_o there_o be_v ancient_o often_o express_v the_o particular_a cause_n of_o their_o meeting_n as_o there_o be_v for_o instance_n in_o those_o famous_a writ_n to_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o of_o the_o 49._o hen._n iii_o 137._o which_o the_o dr._n have_v give_v we_o in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n m._n but_o i_o have_v still_o a_o great_a objection_n behind_o than_o either_o of_o the_o former_a you_o can_v deny_v but_o that_o by_o the_o first_o clause_n of_o king_n john_n charter_n which_o i_o have_v make_v use_n of_o all_o aid_n and_o escuage_n be_v to_o be_v impose_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o littleton_n himself_o tell_v we_o in_o the_o second_o book_n of_o his_o tenor_n that_o escuage_z be_v always_o to_o be_v assess_v by_o parliament_n upon_o those_o that_o fail_v to_o do_v their_o service_n after_o the_o expedition_n be_v end_v now_o if_o this_o have_v not_o be_v a_o right_n inherent_a to_o the_o great_a or_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_z assess_v it_o in_o king_n john_n time_n how_o come_v they_o to_o lose_v that_o privilege_n and_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o parliament_n to_o get_v it_o if_o the_o former_a have_v not_o be_v the_o only_a great_a council_n at_o the_o first_o f._n i_o hope_v to_o give_v you_o as_o satisfactory_a a_o answer_n to_o this_o as_o i_o have_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o your_o demand_n this_o alteration_n may_v have_v fall_v out_o two_o way_n either_o according_a to_o camden_n old_a manuscript_n author_n cite_v in_o his_o introduction_n to_o his_o britania_n 122._o the_o sum_n of_o which_o be_v that_o when_o king_n henry_n iii_o after_o his_o great_a war_n with_o sim._n momford_n and_o the_o baron_n have_v ruin_v many_o of_o they_o he_o out_o of_o so_o great_a a_o multitude_n which_o be_v before_o seditious_a and_o turbulent_a call_v the_o best_a 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time_n i_o think_v you_o have_v reason_n to_o be_v satisfy_v that_o these_o be_v never_o once_o upon_o a_o time_n such_o a_o strange_a alteration_n in_o the_o constituent_a part_n of_o our_o great_a council_n as_o you_o suppose_v yet_o none_o of_o our_o ancient_a historian_n or_o statute_n shall_v ever_o take_v any_o notice_n of_o it_o till_o these_o modern_a antiquary_n take_v upon_o they_o to_o disperse_v these_o cloud_n to_o begin_v first_o with_o the_o word_n le_fw-fr commune_fw-la 16._o pray_v remember_v the_o patent_n roll_v of_o the_o 48th_o of_o henry_n iii_o which_o i_o mention_v at_o our_o last_o meeting_n viz._n the_o â—orâ—_n of_o the_o peaâ—e_n between_o this_o king_n p._n the_o prince_n his_o son_n and_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n assemble_v in_o parliament_n the_o title_n of_o which_o be_v thus_o haec_fw-la est_fw-la forma_fw-la pacis_fw-la à _fw-la dom._n râ—ge_n &_o dom._n edw._n filio_fw-la svo_fw-la praelatis_fw-la proceribus_fw-la omnibus_fw-la cum_fw-la communitate_fw-la â—ota_fw-la râ—gni_fw-la angliae_fw-la communiter_fw-la &_o concorditer_fw-la approbata_fw-la now_o pray_v what_o can_v these_o word_n communitate_fw-la â—ota_fw-la here_o signify_v but_o another_o body_n of_o man_n distinct_a from_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n or_o else_o it_o will_v be_v a_o gross_a tautology_n and_o pray_v compare_v this_o form_n of_o the_o peace_n now_o mention_v with_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n of_o the_o 49th_o of_o this_o king_n when_o your_o dr._n grant_v the_o commons_o be_v summon_v to_o parliament_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o they_o be_v now_o and_o see_v if_o there_o be_v any_o change_n in_o the_o term_n and_o for_o proof_n of_o this_o we_o need_v go_v no_o further_o than_o the_o very_a writ_n of_o expense_n for_o the_o wage_n of_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n which_o the_o dr._n himself_o have_v give_v we_o at_o large_a in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n â—_o it_o be_v the_o 49th_o of_o hen._n iii_o to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o yorkshire_n dâ—rsâ—_n wherein_o after_o other_o recital_n it_o follow_v thus_o cumque_fw-la communitates_fw-la comitatuum_fw-la dictorum_fw-la variâ—s_fw-la hoc_fw-la annâ—_n â—â—cerinâ—_fw-la prastationes_fw-la ad_fw-la defensi_fw-la nâ—m_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la etc._n etc._n he_o therefore_o command_v the_o say_a sheriff_n quod_fw-la danbus_fw-la militibus_fw-la qui_fw-la pro_fw-la communitate_fw-la dicti_fw-la comitaâ—â—s_fw-la praefaâ—o_fw-la parliamento_fw-la interfuerunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n shall_v be_v pay_v their_o reasonable_a expense_n de_fw-fr communitate_fw-la comitatus_fw-la praedicti_fw-la for_o go_v to_o and_o stay_v at_o and_o return_v from_o the_o say_a parliament_n etc._n etc._n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la and_o communitates_fw-la in_o this_o writ_n can_v signify_v the_o community_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o but_o the_o commons_o of_o the_o county_n in_o general_a unless_o you_o can_v prove_v to_o i_o that_o none_o but_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v perform_v these_o varias_fw-la praesâ—aâ—iones_fw-la in_o the_o writ_n and_o that_o none_o but_o they_o then_o contribute_v to_o these_o expense_n of_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n otherwise_o these_o word_n must_v plain_o signify_v the_o commons_o in_o general_a as_o they_o do_v in_o the_o like_a writ_n of_o the_o 28_o of_o king_n edward_n i._n which_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o by_o and_o by_o but_o i_o shall_v first_o show_v you_o a_o few_o other_o record_n of_o this_o king_n reign_n 16._o concern_v the_o word_n la_fw-fr câ—mmunâ—_n which_o mr._n p._n have_v give_v we_o they_o be_v in_o the_o patent_n roll_v of_o the_o 51st_o of_o this_o king_n wherein_o he_o by_o the_o council_n and_o assent_n of_o the_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n &_o des_fw-fr counâ—s_n &_o des_fw-fr baron_n &_o la_fw-fr commune_fw-la de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr pardon_n the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n and_o all_o his_o company_n so_o likewise_o in_o the_o same_o roll_n the_o king_n by_o the_o council_n and_o assent_v of_o the_o say_a count_n &_o baron_n &_o de_fw-fr la_fw-fr commune_fw-la de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr pardon_n the_o city_n of_o london_n all_o manner_n of_o rancour_n and_o ill_a will._n now_o pray_v tell_v i_o a_o reason_n why_o shall_v not_o the_o word_n la_fw-fr commune_fw-la in_o these_o act_n of_o pardon_n signify_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la in_o the_o form_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o in_o the_o writ_n of_o expense_n of_o the_o 49th_o now_o cite_v since_o they_o come_v immediate_o after_o the_o count_n &_o baron_n and_o so_o must_v needs_o signify_v a_o body_n of_o man_n distinct_a from_o they_o for_o there_o be_v the_o same_o reason_n why_o the_o word_n la_fw-fr commune_fw-la de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr shall_v here_o signify_v the_o commâ—ns_n of_o the_o land_n as_o that_o the_o word_n communitates_fw-la comitatus_fw-la shall_v signify_v the_o community_n or_o commons_o of_o the_o whole_a county_n m._n will_v you_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o answer_v this_o question_n present_o because_o i_o confess_v it_o be_v very_o material_a before_o you_o proceed_v far_o there_o may_v in_o my_o opinion_n very_o good_a reason_n be_v give_v 1._o why_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la &_o la_fw-fr commune_fw-la may_v signify_v the_o community_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o the_o form_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o act_n of_o pardon_n and_o yet_o signify_v the_o commons_o of_o the_o county_n in_o general_n in_o the_o writ_n for_o expense_n you_o have_v now_o mention_v as_o first_o because_o the_o subject_a matter_n be_v different_a in_o the_o form_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o act_n of_o pardon_n from_o that_o in_o the_o writ_n of_o expense_n the_o one_o be_v the_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o the_o other_o communitas_fw-la comitatus_fw-la only_o call_v also_o in_o the_o plural_a number_n communitates_fw-la comitatuum_fw-la and_o then_o i_o grant_v when_o thus_o use_v it_o always_o signify_v the_o commons_o in_o general_a and_o there_o may_v
indeed_o if_o the_o word_n have_v be_v milites_fw-la &_o libere_fw-la tâ—nâ—ntes_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la tenuerunt_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la you_o have_v say_v somewhat_o but_o otherwise_o it_o be_v all_o mere_a supposition_n without_o any_o ground_n but_o pray_v go_v on_o to_o the_o last_o woâ—ds_n in_o this_o charter_n &_o omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la what_o can_v they_o mean_v â—ut_v that_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n give_v this_o fifteen_o by_o their_o lawful_a representative_a m._n if_o you_o do_v not_o like_o our_o sense_n of_o these_o word_n milites_fw-la and_o libere_fw-la terentes_fw-la i_o can_v help_v it_o nor_o shall_v i_o dispute_v they_o long_o with_o you_o but_o as_o for_o this_o last_o clause_n in_o the_o charter_n 65._o &_o omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la it_o only_a mean_n all_o these_o who_o be_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o general_a in_o the_o same_o sense_n as_o when_o our_o ancient_a historian_n mention_v regnum_fw-la &_o sâ—cerdotium_n by_o regnum_fw-la be_v to_o be_v understand_v both_o the_o temporal_a and_o spiritual_a baron_n great_a and_o small_a the_o king_n justice_n or_o any_o other_o that_o exercit_v any_o share_n or_o ministerial_a part_n of_o the_o government_n as_o perhaps_o all_o those_o diâ—_n one_o way_n or_o other_o by_o come_v to_o our_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n etc._n etc._n all_o which_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o word_n of_o the_o quadri_fw-la partiâ—e_v history_n concern_v thomâ—s_n becket_n thus_o rex_fw-la apud_fw-la clarendun_v regnum_fw-la convo_fw-la aâ—_n universum_fw-la quò_fw-la come_v venisâ—_n ut_fw-la prasules_a &_o proceres_fw-la etc._n etc._n i._n e._n the_o whole_a baronage_n call_v together_o by_o the_o king_n writ_n or_o a_o full_a meeting_n of_o the_o spiritual_a and_o temporal_a baron_n both_o great_a and_o small_a i_o pray_v also_o remember_v that_o passage_n you_o yourself_o make_v use_v of_o but_o now_o out_o of_o mat._n paris_n whereby_o you_o will_v prove_v that_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v distinct_a from_o that_o of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la because_o that_o after_o the_o curia_n hold_v at_o christmas_n the_o king_n immediate_o issue_v out_o his_o writ_n command_a omnibus_fw-la ad_fw-la regnum_fw-la spectantibus_fw-la to_o appear_v at_o london_n and_o yet_o you_o see_v there_o be_v no_o more_o mention_v to_o be_v summon_v than_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n and_o baron_n 65._o so_o that_o we_o may_v hence_o learn_v the_o true_a meaning_n of_o these_o word_n omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o charter_n for_o these_o omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o omnes_fw-la ad_fw-la regnum_fw-la spectantes_fw-la in_o mat._n paris_n the_o regnum_fw-la or_o government_n the_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la the_o totalis_fw-la regni_fw-la universitas_fw-la the_o insluita_fw-la nobilium_fw-la multitudo_fw-la and_o also_o give_v we_o the_o meaning_n of_o those_o word_n omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la in_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o the_o 19_o the_o henry_n the_o three_o dor._n to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o somersershie_n scias_n quod_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o barones_n &_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la toto_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la etc._n etc._n concesserunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o be_v further_o explain_v by_o a_o writ_n in_o the_o same_o roll_n about_o the_o same_o business_n direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o sussex_n which_o you_o have_v likewise_o cite_v begin_v thus_o 8._o sciatis_fw-la quod_fw-la arohiepiscopi_n episcopi_fw-la abbates_n priores_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n &_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la angliae_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenent_fw-la in_o capire_n nobis_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n here_o the_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la be_v the_o omnes_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenant_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la which_o be_v then_o all_o the_o regnum_fw-la or_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la so_o likewise_o it_o may_v be_v far_o prove_v from_o a_o record_n of_o the_o 48_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o 5._o rex_fw-la omnibus_fw-la etc._n etc._n cum_fw-la venerabiles_fw-la patres_fw-la g._n e._n eborum_fw-la archiepiscopus_fw-la etc._n etc._n &_o alii_fw-la praelati_fw-la magnates_fw-la milites_fw-la libere_fw-la tenentes_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nobis_fw-la nuper_fw-la in_o articulo_fw-la necessitatiâ—_n servitium_fw-la fecerunt_fw-la &_o sulisidium_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o i_o may_v also_o put_v you_o in_o mind_n of_o the_o writ_n i_o cite_v but_o now_o direct_v archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la etc._n etc._n comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la aliis_fw-la de_fw-la comiâ—aru_n kanciae_fw-la etc._n etc._n for_o the_o lew_v of_o forty_o shilling_n upon_o every_o knight_n he_o in_o that_o country_n now_o this_o writ_n can_v not_o be_v direct_v to_o all_o the_o man_n in_o kent_n but_o to_o all_o such_o as_o pay_v scutage_n for_o not_o a_o forty_o part_n of_o they_o be_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o military_a service_n so_o that_o these_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la and_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la comitatus_fw-la be_v the_o same_o one_o with_o the_o other_o and_o otherwise_o it_o can_v not_o be_v for_o by_o omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la or_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la the_o inhabitant_n in_o general_n can_v not_o be_v understand_v for_o they_o never_o be_v summon_v no_o not_o the_o hundred_o part_n of_o they_o to_o meet_v in_o great_a council_n for_o it_o be_v impossible_a they_o shall_v and_o perhaps_o not_o above_o a_o four_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n pay_v to_o this_o fifteen_o if_o we_o consider_v how_o many_o servant_n villainâ—_n bondman_n and_o many_o such_o people_n there_o be_v than_o in_o the_o nation_n that_o pay_v nothing_o f._n you_o have_v take_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o pain_n to_o perplex_v and_o darken_v word_n in_o themselves_o very_o clear_a and_o perspicuous_a for_o methinks_v it_o be_v a_o strange_a piece_n of_o confidence_n in_o your_o doctor_n when_o the_o charter_n say_v expresy_o that_o omnes_fw-la dâ—_n regno_fw-la all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n give_v this_o 15_o to_o restrain_v this_o act_n only_o to_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v but_o a_o few_o in_o comparison_n to_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n this_o be_v indeed_o to_o make_v word_n signify_v any_o thing_n he_o fancy_v but_o to_o answer_v your_o authority_n which_o be_v found_v all_o upon_o false_a supposition_n without_o any_o proof_n as_o to_o your_o authority_n from_o the_o quadrilogus_fw-la history_n of_o thomas_n bâ—ecket_n it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o praesules_fw-la and_o prâ—ceres_fw-la be_v there_o call_v regnum_fw-la the_o kingdom_n but_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v at_o our_o last_o meet_v that_o this_o word_n proceres_fw-la be_v of_o so_o comprehensive_a signification_n that_o it_o take_v in_o all_o the_o principal_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o well_o those_o that_o be_v lord_n as_o those_o that_o be_v not_o so_o that_o the_o chief_a citizen_n and_o magistrate_n of_o our_o city_n and_o great_a town_n be_v often_o style_v proceres_fw-la &_o magnates_fw-la civitatum_fw-la in_o our_o ancient_a historian_n and_o record_n and_o certain_o the_o great_a freeholders_n or_o knight_n of_o shire_n do_v much_o more_o just_o deserve_v that_o title_n as_o for_o the_o other_o passage_n out_o of_o mat._n paris_n where_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n earl_n and_o baron_n be_v call_v omnes_fw-la ad_fw-la regnum_fw-la spectantes_fw-la this_o be_v but_o a_o general_a way_n of_o expression_n in_o this_o author_n and_o prove_v nothing_o for_o either_o the_o word_n barones_n take_v in_o all_o the_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o it_o do_v not_o if_o the_o latter_a than_o this_o author_n do_v not_o exact_o recite_v all_o the_o order_n of_o man_n who_o yourself_o must_v acknowledge_v to_o have_v appear_v there_o since_o the_o great_a baron_n alone_o can_v never_o make_v this_o infinita_fw-la nobilium_fw-la multitudo_fw-la mention_v in_o this_o author_n if_o the_o former_a than_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o he_o thereby_o comprehend_v more_o than_o those_o who_o be_v real_o baron_n since_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v not_o so_o nor_o be_v so_o much_o as_o call_v so_o in_o king_n john_n charter_n and_o then_o make_v the_o most_o of_o this_o word_n barones_n it_o may_v in_o a_o large_a and_o common_a acceptation_n take_v in_o all_o the_o chief_a freeholders_n or_o lord_n of_o manor_n which_o as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v be_v often_o call_v baron_n in_o our_o ancient_a historian_n and_o law_n of_o the_o first_o norman_n king_n and_o mr._n cambden_n tell_v we_o that_o under_o the_o word_n baronagium_n omnes_fw-la regni_fw-la ordines_fw-la continarentur_fw-la this_o i_o say_v suppose_v that_o by_o this_o infinita_fw-la nobilium_fw-la multitudo_fw-la be_v to_o be_v understand_v all_o the_o chief_n gentry_n or_o freeholders_n of_o england_n call_v often_o nobilitas_fw-la angliae_fw-la as_o i_o have_v already_o make_v
and_o burrough_n from_o time_n beyond_o all_o memory_n send_v their_o proxye_n and_o representative_n to_o the_o parliament_n in_o scotland_n and_o that_o each_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n so_o send_v have_v as_o good_a a_o vote_n in_o their_o parliament_n as_o the_o great_a bishop_n or_o earl_n of_o they_o all_o m._n i_o desire_v no_o better_a proof_n then_o what_o yourself_o have_v now_o bring_v to_o make_v out_o that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v not_o only_o at_o this_o day_n but_o have_v be_v from_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o parliament_n in_o that_o nation_n for_o i_o shall_v appeal_v to_o those_o very_a statute_n and_o record_n you_o have_v now_o cite_v which_o compare_v with_o divers_a subsequent_a statute_n of_o that_o kingdom_n will_v make_v the_o matter_n plain_a enough_o that_o the_o communitas_fw-la and_o these_o probi_fw-la homines_fw-la mention_v in_o these_o law_n you_o have_v cite_v be_v the_o community_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o in_o the_o first_o place_n therefore_o let_v i_o observe_v from_o that_o very_a law_n of_o king_n alexander_n the_o title_n of_o which_o you_o have_v but_o now_o quote_v that_o these_o word_n per_fw-la essenssum_fw-la communitatis_fw-la can_v here_o signify_v the_o commons_o since_o they_o alone_o can_v neither_o advise_v nor_o give_v their_o consent_n to_o make_v law_n and_o therefore_o they_o must_v needs_o refer_v to_o the_o whole_a community_n or_o assembly_n of_o estate_n consist_v of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o 63._o as_o i_o shall_v prove_v by_o a_o parliament_n of_o king_n rob._n iii_o who_o begin_v to_o reign_v anno._n dom_fw-la 1400._o in_o the_o 10_o year_n of_o our_o richard_n two_o the_o title_n be_v thus_o parliamentum_fw-la domini_fw-la nostri_fw-la roberti_n iii_o scotoâ—um_n regis_fw-la etc._n etc._n vocatis_fw-la &_o summonitis_fw-la more_fw-it solito_fw-la episcopis_fw-la prioribus_fw-la duâ—ibus_fw-la commitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la liberis_fw-la teâ—entibus_fw-la &_o burgensibus_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la domino_fw-la rege_fw-la tenent_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la and_o this_o be_v also_o confirm_v from_o the_o title_n to_o a_o parliament_n hold_v at_o perth_n anno._n dom._n 1427._o be_v the_o 23d_o of_o king_n james_n 1._o summâ—nitis_n &_o voâ—atis_fw-la mâ—re_fw-it solito_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la prioribus_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la &_o liberi_fw-la tâ—nentibus_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenent_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr quolibet_fw-la burgo_n certis_fw-la buâ—genfibus_fw-la so_o that_o i_o think_v nothing_o can_v be_v plain_o from_o these_o ancient_a statute_n then_o that_o the_o scottish_a parliament_n do_v ancient_o consist_v of_o no_o other_o member_n than_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o prior_n duke_n and_o earl_n baron_n freeholders_n and_o burgess_n which_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v thus_o show_v the_o ancient_a costitution_n of_o the_o scotish_n parliament_n for_o your_o satisfaction_n i_o shall_v far_o show_v when_o and_o how_o it_o be_v alter_v in_o the_o seven_o parliament_n of_o king_n james_n the_o first_o hold_v at_o perth_n ibid._n a._n dom._n 1420_o there_o be_v a_o law_n make_v which_o i_o shall_v contract_v that_o the_o small_a baron_n and_o freeholder_n need_v not_o to_o come_v to_o parliament_n and_o that_o for_o the_o future_a out_o of_o each_o schirefdome_n there_o shall_v be_v send_v two_o or_o more_o wise_a man_n after_o the_o largeness_n of_o the_o schirefdome_n the_o which_o shall_v be_v call_v commissary_n of_o the_o shire_n and_o that_o these_o shall_v have_v full_a power_n final_o to_o hear_v and_o determine_v all_o cause_n to_o be_v propose_v in_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n and_o that_o the_o say_v commissary_n shall_v have_v costage_n of_o they_o of_o each_o shire_n that_o ought_v to_o appear_v in_o parliament_n or_o council_n i_o have_v only_o give_v you_o a_o abstract_n of_o this_o statute_n because_o it_o be_v pretty_a long_a and_o pen_v in_o old_a scotish_n english_a but_o you_o may_v consult_v it_o at_o your_o leisure_n and_o this_o be_v far_o confirm_v by_o a_o subsequent_a act_n of_o parliament_n of_o king_n james_n the_o six_o 99_o hold_v at_o edinburgh_n july_n the_o 29_o the_o 1587._o wherein_o after_o a_o repetition_n of_o the_o former_a act_n of_o king_n james_n the_o first_o and_o a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o same_o it_o follow_v thus_o and_o that_o all_o freeholder_n of_o the_o king_n under_o the_o degree_n of_o prelate_n and_o lord_n of_o parliament_n be_v warn_v by_o proclamation_n to_o be_v present_a at_o the_o choose_n of_o the_o say_a commissioner_n and_o none_o to_o have_v voit_fw-fr in_o their_o election_n but_o sik_n as_o have_v forty_o shilling_n land_n in_o free_a tenandrie_n halden_a of_o the_o king_n and_o he_z their_o actual_a dwell_n and_o residence_n within_o the_o same_o schire_n etc._n etc._n i_o need_v give_v you_o no_o more_o of_o this_o act_n but_o i_o think_v it_o be_v most_o clear_a from_o this_o as_o well_o as_o the_o former_a act_n of_o parliament_n that_o the_o commons_o in_o scotland_n be_v only_o the_o king_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o be_v so_o at_o this_o day_n since_o none_o but_o they_o can_v either_o choose_v or_o be_v choose_v commissioner_n for_o the_o shire_n 17._o but_o as_o to_o the_o burough_n who_o do_v each_o of_o they_o send_v but_o one_o commissioner_n or_o burgess_n except_o the_o city_n of_o edinburgh_n which_o send_v two_o all_o which_o be_v choose_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o to_n now_o there_o be_v in_o scotland_n three_o sort_n of_o these_o burgh_n that_o be_v to_o say_v royal_a burgh_n burgh_n of_o regality_n and_o burgh_n of_o barony_n 100_o but_o only_o the_o royal_a burrough_n the_o burgi_n dominici_n regis_fw-la or_o qui_fw-fr de_fw-fr rege_fw-la tenent_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la send_v commissioner_n to_o parliament_n and_o be_v in_o number_n sixty_o to_o conclude_v that_o i_o may_v apply_v what_o have_v be_v say_v concern_v the_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o scotish_n parliament_n to_o we_o ancient_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o from_o the_o great_a affinity_n there_o be_v between_o we_o and_o they_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o our_o and_o their_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la be_v the_o same_o that_o be_v they_o be_v the_o small_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la f._n i_o can_v deny_v but_o that_o the_o parliament_n of_o scotland_n have_v for_o above_o these_o two_o hundred_o year_n consist_v of_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o temporal_a lord_n together_o with_o the_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o their_o representative_n the_o commissioner_n for_o shire_n and_o burgess_n of_o city_n and_o town_n till_o the_o reformation_n that_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n be_v quite_o take_v away_o though_o the_o former_a be_v restore_v to_o their_o place_n in_o parliament_n by_o a_o statute_n make_v in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o king_n james_n the_o first_o yet_o i_o can_v allow_v that_o from_o the_o begin_n of_o that_o government_n the_o scotch_a parliament_n have_v consist_v of_o no_o other_o member_n than_o those_o since_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la come_v as_o it_o do_v in_o these_o old_a statute_n and_o record_n i_o have_v now_o cite_v immediate_o after_o the_o praelati_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n &_o milites_fw-la etc._n etc._n must_v signify_v a_o distinct_a order_n of_o man_n from_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la call_v in_o the_o statute_n of_o king_n james_n the_o first_o the_o small_a baron_n and_o since_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n though_o none_o of_o those_o baron_n be_v also_o comprehend_v under_o this_o communitas_fw-la and_o who_o you_o grant_v to_o make_v the_o three_o estate_n why_o this_o word_n may_v not_o comprehend_v all_o the_o other_o great_a freeholder_n i_o can_v see_v no_o reason_n to_o the_o contrary_n and_o therefore_o i_o suppose_v that_o in_o the_o reign_v of_o k._n david_n 2_o d._n or_o robert_n the_o 2_o d._n or_o else_o the_o beginning_n of_o robert_n the_o 3_o d._n there_o be_v a_o great_a alteration_n in_o the_o constituent_a part_n or_o member_n of_o the_o scottish_a parliament_n and_o about_o that_o time_n the_o chief_a freeholder_n or_o lord_n of_o manor_n who_o hold_v of_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o other_o temporal_a lord_n as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o else_o of_o the_o king_n by_o petty_a serjeantry_n or_o socage_n tenure_n as_o also_o many_o of_o the_o small_a town_n or_o barony_n may_v either_o forbear_v come_v at_o all_o or_o else_o desire_v to_o be_v excuse_v because_o of_o the_o great_a trouble_n and_o charge_n of_o attendance_n as_o you_o see_v the_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la afterward_o do_v when_o commissioner_n for_o shire_n be_v appoint_v in_o their_o stead_n and_o so_o may_v by_o degree_n leave_v off_o come_v or_o be_v exclude_v by_o some_o law_n not_o now_o extant_a and_o thus_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la may_v become_v the_o sole_a representative_n of_o the_o
i_o grant_v all_o the_o lesser_a baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v to_o be_v summonld_v by_o the_o sheriff_n to_o come_v to_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o king_n may_v have_v only_o call_v some_o of_o the_o great_a and_o wise_a of_o they_o and_o such_o as_o he_o think_v most_o fit_a to_o advise_v he_o in_o make_v law_n and_o impose_v tax_n upon_o the_o nation_n and_o the_o like_a prerogative_n his_o son_n henry_n the_o three_o resume_v during_o the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o reign_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o from_o divers_a old_a statute_n by_o and_o by_o p._n and_o that_o our_o king_n do_v often_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o call_v who_o they_o please_v and_o omit_v who_o they_o please_v of_o these_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la may_v appear_v by_o those_o who_o be_v call_v pares_fw-la baronum_fw-la or_o alios_fw-la magnates_fw-la who_o be_v put_v after_o the_o baron_n and_o of_o these_o there_o be_v many_o instance_n of_o their_o be_v call_v to_o parliament_n and_o again_o omit_v in_o several_a king_n reign_v after_o the_o commons_o be_v a_o three_o estate_n as_o represent_v as_o at_o this_o day_n f._n i_o must_v beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o can_v come_v over_o to_o your_o opinion_n notwithstanding_o what_o you_o now_o have_v say_v since_o i_o do_v not_o find_v your_o reason_n to_o come_v up_o to_o what_o you_o intend_v therein_o for_o you_o only_o suppose_v but_o without_o any_o proof_n that_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la and_o communitas_fw-la must_v signify_v only_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o the_o ancient_a scotish_n charter_n and_o statute_n all_o the_o argument_n you_o bring_v to_o the_o contrary_n be_v that_o i_o can_v show_v you_o any_o law_n by_o which_o it_o be_v alter_v to_o what_o it_o be_v now_o and_o therefore_o that_o the_o constitution_n have_v be_v always_o the_o same_o as_o at_o this_o day_n now_o pray_v consider_v whether_o this_o will_v not_o press_v altogether_o as_o hard_o upon_o you_o in_o relation_n to_o england_n for_o you_o can_v show_v i_o any_o law_n whereby_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v exclude_v here_o and_o knight_n of_o shire_n introduce_v in_o their_o flead_v and_o therefore_o by_o the_o same_o rule_n let_v the_o scottish_a parliament_n have_v be_v of_o what_o they_o will_v yet_o we_o have_v be_v still_o the_o same_o they_o be_v now_o but_o if_o you_o say_v that_o this_o contrary_a usage_n have_v be_v introduce_v either_o by_o the_o king_n prerogative_n or_o by_o the_o silent_a consent_n of_o the_o people_n or_o by_o some_o law_n that_o be_v now_o lose_v be_v not_o all_o the_o same_o argument_n to_o be_v make_v use_n of_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o scotish_n parliament_n which_o i_o may_v upon_o as_o good_a ground_n suppose_v to_o have_v deviate_v from_o their_o original_a constitution_n as_o you_o do_v that_o our_o english_a parliament_n have_v do_v it_o so_o that_o if_o those_o argument_n be_v of_o any_o weight_n they_o will_v serve_v for_o england_n as_o well_o as_o scotland_n but_o if_o they_o be_v not_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o make_v use_n of_o they_o at_o all_o the_o like_a i_o may_v say_v as_o to_o burrough_n in_o scotland_n since_o it_o be_v as_o easy_a to_o suppose_v that_o divers_a burrough_n in_o scotland_n may_v voluntary_o desist_v from_o send_v their_o deputy_n to_o parliament_n that_o do_v not_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o it_o be_v that_o divers_a burrough_n in_o england_n do_v petition_n to_o be_v exempt_v from_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o inability_n to_o pay_v the_o expense_n of_o their_o burgess_n as_o i_o can_v show_v you_o by_o divers_a precedent_n some_o of_o which_o be_v in_o print_n have_v i_o now_o time_n as_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o your_o discourse_n i_o can_v imagine_v to_o what_o it_o tend_v for_o if_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v any_o place_n in_o or_o right_o to_o come_v to_o parliament_n how_o come_v they_o to_o have_v it_o but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a freehold_a estate_n they_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n and_o if_o so_o i_o can_v see_v no_o reason_n why_o those_o that_o have_v as_o good_a or_o better_a freehold_a estate_n than_o they_o shall_v be_v all_o exclude_v or_o why_o a_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o but_o one_o knight_n fee_fw-mi hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v give_v he_o a_o right_a to_o a_o place_n in_o parliament_n and_o get_v that_o a_o mesne_n tenant_n or_o vavasour_n as_o he_o be_v then_o call_v who_o hold_v ten_o knight_n fee_n of_o some_o bishop_n or_o abbot_n who_o perhaps_o do_v not_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la at_o all_o shall_v have_v no_o right_n of_o appear_v there_o nor_o of_o choose_v any_o representative_a for_o he_o since_o notwithstanding_o all_o you_o have_v now_o say_v the_o doctor_n either_o contradict_v himself_o 68_o or_o you_o when_o he_o tell_v we_o express_o in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v no_o baron_n represent_v only_o themselves_o and_o not_o the_o commons_o but_o how_o this_o will_v agree_v with_o what_o he_o say_v in_o his_o introduction_n that_o the_o body_n of_o the_o commons_o have_v no_o share_n in_o make_v law_n etc._n etc._n before_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o unless_o they_o be_v represent_v by_o thd_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o if_o so_o must_v then_o certain_o represent_v those_o that_o he_o here_o call_v the_o body_n of_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n collective_o take_v but_o as_o for_o your_o notion_n of_o the_o parliament_n be_v the_o king_n court_n baron_n though_o you_o have_v borrow_v it_o of_o a_o learned_a scotch_a lawyer_n sir_n george_n meâ—â—ensy_n yet_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o it_o be_v never_o true_a for_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o the_o great_a or_o common_a council_n both_o in_o england_n and_o scotland_n be_v much_o more_o ancient_a than_o the_o tennre_n of_o land_n by_o knight_n service_n or_o then_o the_o very_a institution_n of_o manor_n in_o this_o kingdom_n which_o the_o doctor_n tell_v we_o be_v of_o no_o high_a a_o original_n than_o the_o norman_a conquest_n but_o admit_v i_o shall_v allow_v your_o notion_n of_o the_o parliament_n be_v ancient_o the_o king_n court_n baron_n then_o certain_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v a_o right_a to_o appear_v there_o and_o to_o be_v not_o only_a suitor_n but_o judge_n of_o all_o difference_n arise_v among_o the_o tenant_n in_o the_o lord_n court_n where_o neither_o the_o lord_n himself_o nor_o his_o steward_n be_v judge_n and_o that_o of_o right_n and_o not_o by_o savour_n whereas_o you_o suppose_v such_o a_o courtbaron_n as_o be_v never_o hear_v of_o where_o the_o lord_n can_v admit_v or_o exclude_v who_o of_o his_o tenant_n he_o please_v to_o which_o if_o they_o have_v a_o right_a ratione_fw-la tenurae_fw-la certain_o he_o can_v never_o do_v so_o that_o instead_o of_o a_o courtbaron_n and_o a_o common_a council_n according_a to_o 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without_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o peer_n divers_a of_o who_o it_o seem_v the_o king_n have_v for_o some_o reason_n then_o omit_v to_o summon_v but_o as_o for_o your_o instance_n of_o the_o baron_n peer_n or_o alios_fw-la magnates_fw-la which_o be_v sometime_o summon_v and_o sametimes_o omit_v in_o the_o reign_v of_o our_o three_o edwards_n you_o do_v well_o to_o put_v in_o that_o it_o be_v after_o the_o time_n that_o the_o commons_o be_v a_o three_o estate_n for_o indeed_o it_o be_v only_o after_o that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v leave_v off_o make_v a_o distinct_a council_n by_o themselves_o which_o i_o suppose_v be_v about_o the_o end_n of_o henry_n iii_o reign_n and_o then_o it_o be_v true_a the_o king_n call_v several_a of_o these_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o also_o other_o that_o be_v not_o so_o by_o writ_n to_o the_o house_n of_o lord_n as_o pares_fw-la baronum_fw-la i._n e._n not_o as_o real_a baron_n but_o barons-peer_n since_o a_o baâ—e_a summons_n by_o writ_n do_v not_o as_o yet_o nor_o long_v after_o vest_n a_o peerage_n in_o their_o heir_n so_o that_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n i_o see_v no_o reason_n from_o any_o thing_n you_o have_v urge_v from_o the_o example_n of_o scotland_n to_o make_v i_o change_v my_o opinion_n that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v ancient_o the_o sole_a representative_n either_o of_o this_o or_o that_o whole_a nation_n in_o parliament_n for_o pray_v take_v notice_n that_o i_o do_v not_o find_v the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la so_o much_o as_o mention_v in_o the_o ancient_a statute_n of_o that_o kingdom_n or_o charter_n of_o their_o king_n as_o the_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n of_o scotland_n before_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n robert_n iii_o which_o be_v but_o late_o in_o comparison_n of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o those_o council_n in_o that_o kingdom_n m._n i_o can_v say_v more_o as_o to_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la their_o come_n to_o parliament_n as_o 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that_o will_v not_o pay_v scot_n and_o lot_n in_o divers_a burrough_n town_n be_v utter_o exclude_v from_o give_v their_o vote_n in_o the_o choice_n of_o parliament_n man_n and_o consequent_o from_o have_v any_o representatives_n in_o parliament_n though_o sure_a as_o much_o freeman_n as_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o this_o either_o by_o general_a statute_n or_o else_o by_o the_o particular_a charter_n and_o custom_n of_o those_o city_n town_n and_o burrough_n all_o which_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o good_a and_o lawful_a representative_n of_o those_o city_n and_o burrough_n so_o that_o i_o be_o clear_o of_o the_o doctor_n be_v opinion_n 68_o that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o well_o those_o who_o be_v baron_n as_o those_o that_o be_v not_o only_o represent_v themselves_o and_o not_o the_o commons_o as_o be_v as_o you_o true_o observe_v never_o choose_v by_o the_o people_n and_o as_o no_o man_n can_v believe_v that_o a_o great_a lord_n or_o bishop_n can_v represent_v 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show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o but_o first_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o your_o reply_n to_o what_o i_o have_v now_o say_v be_v very_o fallacious_a and_o in_o some_o point_n mistake_v as_o to_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o our_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n be_v in_o their_o first_o institution_n the_o main_a body_n or_o representative_a of_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o though_o it_o may_v by_o long_a continuance_n of_o time_n to_o deviate_v from_o that_o institution_n yet_o that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v attribute_v either_o to_o some_o prevail_a custom_n or_o else_o positive_a law_n to_o the_o contrary_a for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n all_o the_o free_a holder_n of_o england_n have_v a_o right_a of_o come_v to_o parliament_n in_o person_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o libre_fw-la tenens_fw-la libre_fw-la homo_fw-la &_o ingenuus_n be_v synonimous_a and_o of_o the_o same_o signification_n as_o i_o have_v prove_v from_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n comment_n in_o his_o glossary_n upon_o those_o word_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o member_n of_o those_o council_n be_v so_o numerous_a as_o they_o be_v in_o those_o time_n and_o long_o after_o till_o they_o become_v so_o vast_a and_o unmanageable_a that_o they_o be_v fain_o by_o degree_n to_o pitch_v upon_o this_o method_n of_o send_v knight_n of_o shire_n to_o represent_v they_o which_o be_v certain_o a_o very_a ancient_a institution_n since_o the_o tenant_n in_o ancient_n demean_v claim_v to_o be_v exempt_v from_o the_o expense_n of_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n by_o prescription_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o more_o particular_o by_o and_o by_o and_o likewise_o since_o all_o riches_n consist_v in_o those_o day_n in_o land_n or_o else_o in_o stock_n or_o trade_n therefore_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n and_o town_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o riches_n have_v always_o a_o share_n in_o the_o legislative_a power_n as_o well_o as_o in_o give_v of_o tax_n and_o since_o all_o such_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n not_o be_v able_a to_o come_v in_o person_n as_o the_o freeholders_n can_v be_v represent_v either_o by_o their_o chief_a magistrate_n call_v their_o alderman_n or_o else_o by_o burgess_n of_o their_o own_o choose_n as_o at_o this_o day_n so_o that_o all_o freedom_n or_o ingenuity_n be_v in_o this_o as_o in_o all_o other_o commonwealth_n reckon_v per_fw-la censum_fw-la by_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o owner_n our_o common_a council_n be_v and_o that_o true_o the_o representative_n not_o only_o of_o the_o estate_n but_o person_n of_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o nation_n for_o i_o be_o so_o far_o of_o the_o doctor_n be_v opinion_n that_o the_o cheorl_n folk_n as_o they_o be_v then_o term_v be_v little_o better_a than_o the_o scotch_a vassal_n or_o
be_v particular_a direction_n since_o by_o the_o general_a writ_n of_o summons_n provide_v by_o king_n john_n charter_n the_o sheriff_n of_o each_o county_n be_v to_o summon_v all_o the_o minor_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la which_o can_v not_o be_v if_o only_o the_o more_o discreet_a be_v then_o summon_v nor_o be_v there_o in_o this_o preamble_n the_o least_o hint_n or_o intimation_n of_o any_o writ_n direct_v to_o county_n city_n or_o burgh_n for_o the_o choice_n of_o member_n i_o desire_v you_o in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o take_v notice_n that_o britton_n who_o live_v about_o that_o time_n suppose_v this_o statute_n to_o have_v be_v make_v 95._o per_fw-la la_fw-fr purveance_n de_fw-fr robert_n walerand_n &_o per_fw-la commune_fw-la assent_n des_fw-fr graunt_n signior_n du_fw-fr realm_n by_o the_o procurement_n or_o forecast_n of_o robert_n walerand_n and_o by_o common_a assent_n of_o the_o great_a lord_n of_o the_o realm_n without_o any_o mention_n of_o the_o commons_o i_o have_v a_o great_a many_o more_o such_o statute_n to_o instance_n in_o which_o be_v say_v by_o m._n paris_n to_o have_v be_v make_v in_o several_a parliament_n of_o this_o king_n by_o the_o community_n or_o common_a university_n or_o baronage_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n but_o i_o pass_v they_o by_o because_o we_o have_v sufficient_o debate_v most_o of_o they_o already_o f._n if_o only_o some_o of_o your_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la can_v thus_o meet_v and_o make_v law_n to_o bind_v all_o the_o rest_n and_o they_o so_o tame_o put_v up_o this_o strange_a infringement_n of_o their_o privilege_n as_o you_o suppose_v it_o seem_v their_o power_n be_v much_o abate_v since_o the_o 37_o the_o year_n of_o this_o king_n when_o as_o i_o say_v mat._n paris_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o baron_n will_v do_v nothing_o without_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o peer_n who_o it_o seem_v the_o king_n have_v then_o omit_v to_o summon_v and_o therefore_o i_o must_v needs_o tell_v you_o that_o i_o be_o not_o of_o your_o doctor_n opinion_n nor_o yet_o of_o cambden_n nameless_a author_n that_o this_o king_n after_o his_o victory_n over_o montfort_n and_o his_o adherent_n can_v by_o his_o prerogative_n call_v or_o omit_v what_o peer_n he_o please_v since_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o declaration_n of_o all_o the_o bishop_n year_n abbot_n and_o prior_n in_o full_a parliament_n 2_o rich._n 2._o wherein_o they_o claim_v that_o hold_v per_fw-la baronium_n it_o do_v belong_v to_o they_o de_fw-fr jure_fw-la &_o consuetudine_fw-la râ—gni_fw-la angliae_fw-la that_o be_v by_o right_n of_o prescription_n to_o be_v present_a in_o all_o parliament_n as_o peer_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o to_o treat_v consult_v and_o ordain_v concern_v the_o affair_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o if_o the_o spiritual_a lord_n claim_v this_o privilege_n sure_o the_o temporal_a baron_n may_v with_o the_o like_a right_n have_v make_v the_o like_a claim_n and_o i_o be_o sure_a it_o be_v high_o 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and_o judge_n who_o though_o no_o peer_n yet_o be_v then_o the_o most_o learned_a in_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o any_o person_n at_o that_o time_n and_o consequent_o the_o most_o wise_a and_o discreet_a to_o draw_v up_o law_n and_o by_o the_o lesser_a sort_n of_o discreet_a man_n shall_v be_v understand_v such_o great_a clerk_n and_o lawyer_n though_o not_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o the_o king_n please_v to_o choose_v as_o be_v likewise_o most_o able_a to_o advise_v he_o but_o if_o you_o tell_v i_o that_o this_o interpretation_n be_v force_v i_o may_v as_o well_o say_v the_o same_o of_o you_o and_o that_o with_o great_a reason_n yet_o i_o shall_v prove_v that_o this_o parliament_n be_v summon_v in_o no_o other_o manner_n and_o consist_v of_o no_o other_o person_n than_o those_o that_o use_v to_o appear_v in_o all_o other_o precede_v great_a council_n or_o parliament_n in_o the_o first_o place_n therefore_o i_o must_v put_v you_o in_o mind_n of_o what_o i_o have_v already_o say_v that_o there_o be_v no_o conclusion_n to_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o bare_a pen_n of_o the_o different_a form_n of_o ancient_a statute_n who_o be_v summon_v to_o the_o make_n of_o they_o nor_o by_o what_o power_n they_o be_v enact_v some_o of_o they_o it_o be_v true_a be_v draw_v in_o the_o form_n of_o the_o king_n charter_n or_o writ_n without_o any_o mention_n of_o the_o assent_n either_o of_o the_o lord_n or_o commons_o and_o other_o be_v say_v to_o be_v enact_v by_o the_o whole_a realm_n without_o any_o mention_n of_o the_o king_n at_o all_o and_o i_o have_v give_v you_o a_o list_n of_o divers_a old_a statute_n from_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n henry_n iii_o to_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n iii_o in_o which_o there_o be_v no_o mention_n at_o all_o make_v either_o of_o the_o king_n or_o any_o other_o of_o the_o three_o estate_n and_o yet_o no_o man_n i_o think_v but_o will_v grant_v that_o these_o statute_n be_v all_o make_v and_o agree_v to_o by_o 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man_n be_v include_v the_o commons_o but_o that_o these_o minores_fw-la descreti_n can_v be_v understand_v of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o appear_v by_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o preface_n to_o this_o statute_n of_o marlebridge_n in_o these_o word_n provisiones_fw-la ordinationes_fw-la &_o statuta_fw-la subscripta_fw-la â—b_fw-la omnibus_fw-la regni_fw-la ipsius_fw-la incalis_fw-la tam_fw-la majoribus_fw-la quam_fw-la minoribus_fw-la firmiter_fw-la &_o inviolabiliter_fw-la temporibus_fw-la perpetuis_fw-la staâ—neriâ—_n observari_fw-la so_o that_o if_o by_o the_o majores_fw-la iâ—colae_fw-la who_o be_v to_o observe_v these_o statute_n the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a be_v mean_v then_o by_o the_o minores_fw-la incolae_fw-la regni_fw-la must_v be_v understand_v by_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o whole_a commons_o of_o england_n and_o so_o likewise_o for_o parity_n of_o reason_n by_o the_o minores_fw-la discreti_fw-la mention_v before_o in_o the_o preface_n must_v be_v also_o mean_v the_o representatives_n of_o the_o commons_o in_o parliament_n and_o that_o this_o alone_a can_v be_v the_o genuine_a sense_n of_o these_o word_n may_v appear_v by_o compare_v this_o statute_n with_o another_o make_v at_o gloucester_n the_o 6_o of_o edward_n i._n where_o in_o the_o preface_n it_o be_v recite_v in_o these_o word_n purvenant_n mâ—sm_n le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr pour_fw-fr amendment_n de_fw-fr son_fw-fr royalme_n &_o pur_fw-it pluis_fw-it plenier_n exhibition_fw-la de_fw-fr droit_fw-fr sicome_n le_fw-fr profit_n d'office_n demand_n appelles_fw-la les_fw-fr pluis_fw-it discretes_n the_o son_n royalme_n auxibien_fw-fr des_fw-fr greindres_n come_v des_fw-fr meindres_n establie_o est_fw-la &_o acordan'ment_n ordain_v so_o that_o if_o the_o commons_o be_v there_o call_v to_o this_o parliament_n and_o if_o by_o the_o greindres_n discretes_n be_v understand_v the_o lord_n then_o by_o the_o like_a reason_n under_o meindres_n discretes_n must_v be_v mean_v the_o
future_a parliament_n the_o word_n be_v ad_fw-la faciâ—ndum_fw-la quod_fw-la â—unc_fw-la de_fw-la communi_fw-la consilio_fw-la ordinabitur_fw-la or_o the_o like_a as_o appear_v by_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n of_o the_o 23d_o of_o this_o king_n 155._o which_o the_o doctor_n have_v print_v whereas_o the_o word_n in_o this_o writ_n be_v ad_fw-la consentiendum_fw-la etc._n etc._n â—iis_fw-la qua_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n &_o proceres_fw-la â—radicti_fw-la run_v duxerint_fw-la concordanda_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o if_o this_o have_v be_v do_v at_o the_o request_n of_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o you_o suppose_v how_o come_v the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o prior_n who_o hold_v also_o in_o capite_fw-la to_o be_v omit_v and_o not_o mention_v in_o this_o writ_n to_o have_v join_v in_o this_o request_n as_o well_o as_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o great_a man_n but_o as_o for_o the_o doctor_n next_o precedent_n viz._n a_o writ_n to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o northumberland_n to_o return_v two_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n and_o then_o the_o next_o day_n after_o other_z two_o for_o the_o same_o county_n i_o be_o not_o at_o all_o satisfy_v that_o those_o writ_n be_v a_o summons_n to_o a_o parliament_n and_o not_o to_o a_o great_a council_n for_o beside_o the_o title_n of_o the_o writ_n be_v de_fw-fr militibus_fw-la eligendis_fw-la &_o miâ—tendis_fw-la ad_fw-la consilium_fw-la and_o the_o word_n in_o the_o writ_n be_v not_o the_o same_o with_o those_o which_o be_v common_o use_v in_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o parliament_n as_o i_o have_v already_o show_v '_o you_o in_o this_o writ_n of_o summons_n we_o be_v now_o upon_o whereas_o in_o the_o summons_n to_o parliament_n of_o the_o 23d_o of_o this_o king_n dorso_n the_o ordain_v part_n do_v as_o much_o refer_v to_o the_o commons_o as_o to_o the_o lord_n the_o commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la consist_v of_o both_o whereas_o in_o these_o writ_n you_o have_v cite_v they_o be_v to_o consent_v to_o such_o thing_n which_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o great_a man_n shall_v think_v fit_a to_o agree_v to_o but_o that_o i_o may_v show_v you_o a_o little_a more_o plain_o the_o absurdity_n of_o this_o fancy_n of_o your_o doctor_n that_o these_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v now_o summon_v the_o parliament_n sit_v pray_v let_v i_o ask_v you_o one_o or_o two_o question_n concern_v this_o business_n pray_v who_o be_v these_o gentleman_n that_o the_o king_n you_o say_v thus_o summon_v to_o parliament_n m._n according_a to_o the_o doctor_n account_n they_o must_v have_v be_v all_o tenant_n iâ—_n capite_fw-la since_o he_o often_o tell_v we_o that_o out_o of_o these_o alone_a the_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v choose_v at_o the_o first_o f._n well_o but_o than_o who_o be_v these_o magnate_v and_o alii_fw-la proceres_fw-la mention_v in_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n and_o in_o this_o writ_n of_o the_o 18_o of_o edward_n i._o m._n i_o must_v own_v myself_o at_o a_o loss_n certain_o to_o define_v who_o they_o be_v for_o if_o i_o say_v they_o be_v the_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v here_o put_v as_o a_o distinct_a order_n from_o the_o comites_fw-la &_o barones_n immediate_o forego_v i_o foresee_v you_o will_v ask_v i_o how_o these_o gentleman_n can_v be_v summon_v since_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v at_o this_o parliament_n already_o therefore_o i_o must_v tell_v you_o i_o think_v there_o be_v only_o some_o of_o the_o great_a and_o wise_a of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v no_o baron_n now_o summon_v and_o who_o the_o doctor_n tell_v we_o be_v often_o call_v to_o great_a council_n as_o baron_n peer_n and_o who_o though_o sometime_o call_v to_o sit_v among_o the_o lord_n be_v often_o again_o omit_v in_o several_a king_n reign_v so_o that_o this_o parliament_n be_v compose_v as_o those_o of_o marlbridg_n and_o gloucesâ—er_n not_o of_o all_o but_o only_o of_o the_o more_o discreet_a of_o these_o lesser_a baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la f._n if_o this_o be_v all_o you_o have_v to_o say_v to_o extricate_v yourself_o out_o of_o this_o difficulty_n i_o think_v it_o will_v not_o amount_v to_o much_o for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n all_o you_o have_v here_o say_v be_v mere_a conjecture_n without_o any_o proof_n since_o this_o statute_n of_o westminster_n 3d._n say_v only_o in_o general_n that_o it_o be_v make_v at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o magnate_v under_o which_o title_n your_o doctor_n 147._o when_o he_o explain_v the_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o the_o arch._n bishop_n of_o canterbury_n tell_v we_o be_v frequent_o comprehend_v the_o barones_n majores_fw-la the_o earl_n and_o baron_n as_o under_o minores_fw-la the_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la which_o when_o the_o statute_n of_o westmister_n the_o first_o be_v make_v he_o will_v have_v to_o be_v the_o whole_a commonalty_n of_o the_o land_n therein_o mention_v and_o why_o this_o parliament_n of_o westminster_n the_o 3_o d._n shall_v not_o consist_v of_o the_o same_o member_n now_o needs_o some_o better_a reason_n than_o your_o bare_a affirmation_n to_o the_o contrary_n beside_o this_o prerogative_n of_o call_v these_o baron_n peer_n to_o parliament_n do_v not_o only_o extend_v to_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o to_o other_o mesn_a tenant_n also_o if_o the_o king_n think_v they_o considerable_a enough_o for_o estate_n or_o wisdom_n to_o do_v they_o that_o honour_n and_o so_o be_v not_o confine_v to_o summon_v none_o but_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o according_a to_o your_o interpretation_n of_o k._n john_n charter_n have_v all_o a_o right_a to_o appear_v by_o general_n writ_n at_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o you_o may_v put_v what_o sense_n you_o please_v on_o these_o word_n magnate_v &_o proceres_fw-la yet_o i_o be_o sure_a your_o doctor_n can_v take_v they_o in_o no_o other_o sense_n than_o for_o the_o community_n of_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la both_o great_a and_o small_a regni_n and_o so_o he_o tell_v we_o in_o his_o glossary_a when_o he_o comment_n upon_o the_o writ_n of_o the_o 30_o edw._n 1._o which_o you_o now_o mention_v and_o which_o refer_v to_o this_o very_a parliament_n of_o the_o 18_o the_o when_o forty_o shilling_n be_v grant_v on_o every_o knight_n fee_n to_o marry_v the_o king_n daughter_n 33_o and_o there_o the_o doctor_n immediate_o tell_v we_o that_o such_o as_o pay_v that_o scutage_n be_v tota_n communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o no_o other_o and_o of_o these_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la grant_v and_o pay_v it_o first_o for_o themselves_o and_o tenant_n etc._n etc._n and_o which_o must_v certain_o relate_v to_o this_o very_a parliament_n of_o the_o 18_o edw._n 1._o or_o none_o at_o all_o m._n i_o confess_v i_o do_v not_o see_v how_o the_o doctor_n can_v solve_v this_o difficulty_n but_o by_o deny_v what_o he_o have_v already_o say_v and_o affirm_v as_o i_o do_v now_o that_o all_o the_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v not_o summon_v to_o this_o parliament_n but_o only_o some_o of_o they_o at_o last_o order_v by_o this_o writ_n to_o be_v choose_v and_o return_v by_o the_o county_n f._n yes_o he_o may_v do_v it_o if_o bare_a affirm_v be_v to_o pass_v for_o proof_n but_o i_o shall_v not_o give_v up_o my_o reason_n upon_o no_o better_a ground_n either_o to_o he_o or_o you_o not_o to_o mention_v the_o improbability_n of_o the_o thing_n that_o the_o king_n shall_v be_v now_o over-persuade_v by_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o other_o great_a man_n to_o call_v these_o knight_n of_o sâ—ires_n which_o have_v be_v now_o omit_v ever_o since_o the_o 49_o hen._n 3._o for_o above_o twenty_o yearâ—_n when_o he_o have_v no_o need_n at_o all_o of_o they_o but_o rather_o the_o contrary_a advantage_n of_o govern_v without_o they_o since_o it_o be_v the_o policy_n of_o prince_n rather_o to_o diminish_v than_o increase_v the_o number_n of_o the_o member_n of_o their_o great_a at_o well_o as_o private_a council_n who_o certain_o be_v most_o easy_o manage_v when_o they_o be_v a_o few_o than_o a_o great_a many_o m._n but_o what_o if_o we_o shall_v go_v from_o the_o doctor_n position_n and_o say_v that_o perhaps_o these_o knight_n be_v choose_v out_o of_o the_o mesn_a tenant_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la many_o of_o who_o i_o grant_v may_v be_v considerable_a for_o interest_n as_o well_o as_o prudence_n and_o with_o who_o the_o king_n at_o their_o request_n may_v desire_v to_o treat_v of_o certain_a matter_n which_o have_v be_v before_o move_v and_o propound_v by_o he_o f._n this_o be_v all_o that_o can_v be_v say_v and_o yet_o be_v much_o more_o unlikely_a than_o the_o other_o since_o to_o believe_v that_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v be_v now_o grow_v so_o weary_a of_o their_o power_n of_o impose_v tax_n and_o make_a lawâ—_n for_o the_o
council_n of_o all_o the_o laity_n be_v not_o summon_v at_o all_o and_o so_o vice_n versa_fw-la the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n often_o meet_v when_o the_o synod_n of_o the_o clergy_n be_v not_o convene_v as_o appear_v by_o the_o most_o ancient_a writ_n of_o summons_n to_o the_o bishop_n we_o have_v leave_v we_o as_o particular_o the_o first_o writ_n of_o this_o kind_n that_o be_v upon_o the_o roll_n viz._n that_o for_o the_o bishop_n which_o mr._n prin_fw-mi have_v print_v in_o the_o first_o part_n of_o his_o parliamentary_a register_n in_o the_o 6_o of_o k._n john_n 2._o and_o which_o i_o have_v cite_v from_o the_o drs._n answer_v against_o mr._n p._n at_o our_o last_o meeting_n in_o which_o writ_n though_o i_o grant_v there_o be_v a_o clause_n for_o summon_v the_o abbot_n and_o conventual_a prior_n yet_o there_o be_v none_o for_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n but_o in_o the_o next_o writ_n which_o the_o same_o author_n have_v likewise_o publish_v viz._n that_o to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o york_n there_o there_o be_v no_o clause_n at_o all_o for_o summon_v any_o of_o the_o clergy_n as_o such_o 3._o though_o it_o be_v true_a there_o be_v underneath_o a_o eodem_fw-la modo_fw-la scribitur_fw-la omnibus_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la etc._n etc._n comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la which_o show_v that_o this_o writ_n be_v not_o to_o summon_v they_o in_o their_o spiritual_a but_o temporal_a capacity_n so_o likewise_o in_o the_o next_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o parliament_n 5._o we_o have_v leave_v we_o on_o the_o roll_n which_o be_v cite_v in_o mr._n selden_n title_n of_o honour_n as_o also_o in_o the_o same_o parliamentary_a register_n and_o in_o dr._n b._n against_o mr._n p._n viz._n that_o of_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o to_o the_o bishop_n of_o duresme_fw-fr without_o any_o clause_n of_o summons_n to_o the_o clergy_n whether_o abbot_n or_o other_o so_o likewise_o in_o the_o next_o writ_n of_o summons_n that_o be_v leave_v we_o viz._n that_o of_o the_o 23d_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o publish_v also_o by_o mr._n prin_fw-mi to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n 6._o in_o which_o there_o be_v no_o clause_n of_o summon_v any_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o though_o there_o immediate_o follow_v another_o writ_n of_o the_o 23d_o of_o this_o king_n in_o which_o i_o grant_v there_o be_v this_o clause_n of_o praemunientes_fw-la priorem_fw-la etc._n etc._n viz._n the_o prior_n chapter_n and_o other_o of_o the_o clergy_n of_o his_o diocese_n to_o appear_v in_o parliament_n yet_o that_o they_o be_v no_o necessary_a part_n of_o it_o but_o only_o of_o the_o convocation_n appear_v by_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o bishop_n which_o mr._n prin_fw-mi have_v also_o give_v we_o in_o that_o chapter_n all_o which_o if_o you_o please_v to_o peruse_v you_o will_v find_v that_o in_o near_o 200_o writ_n to_o parliament_n or_o great_a council_n the_o clause_n of_o praemunientes_fw-la clerum_fw-la be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o scarce_o half_a of_o they_o which_o show_v that_o the_o summon_n or_o omit_v they_o depend_v whole_o upon_o the_o king_n pleasure_n and_o so_o be_v no_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n as_o you_o suppose_v they_o be_v under_o the_o first_o norman_n king_n for_o then_o sure_o they_o will_v not_o have_v be_v omit_v to_o have_v be_v constant_o summon_v in_o all_o parliament_n as_o well_o as_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n but_o to_o come_v to_o your_o next_o argument_n from_o the_o numerousness_n of_o these_o assembly_n which_o you_o say_v can_v not_o be_v proper_o call_v numerosa_fw-la or_o infinita_fw-la multitudo_fw-la whereas_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o well_o ecclesiastic_n as_o layman_n do_v not_o amount_v in_o all_o to_o 800_o there_o may_v be_v a_o allowance_n make_v for_o this_o to_o the_o monkish_a way_n of_o write_v of_o those_o time_n who_o may_v call_v such_o a_o great_a or_o more_o than_o ordinary_a assembly_n 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this_o letter_n i_o now_o mention_v be_v write_v to_o the_o pope_n which_o transaction_n i_o shall_v give_v you_o almost_o verbatim_o out_o of_o mat._n of_o westminster_n and_o henry_n de_fw-fr keyghton_n in_o anno_fw-la 1297._o be_v the_o 26_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o when_o the_o king_n have_v extort_a a_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n from_o the_o clergy_n and_o people_n contrary_a to_o law_n and_o be_v then_o go_v into_o flanders_n he_o call_v a_o parliament_n at_o westminster_n where_o most_o of_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n refuse_v to_o appear_v until_o such_o time_n as_o their_o petition_n for_o the_o ease_n of_o their_o country_n be_v hear_v and_o that_o the_o king_n will_v again_o confirm_v magna_fw-la charta_fw-la yet_o nevertheless_o the_o king_n upon_o his_o confession_n of_o his_o male_a administration_n which_o he_o make_v before_o all_o the_o people_n with_o tear_n in_o his_o eye_n and_o promise_v of_o amendment_n then_o obtain_v of_o the_o commons_o a_o aid_n of_o the_o 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this_o notion_n because_o they_o look_v upon_o both_o these_o case_n as_o their_o plain_a downright_a renunciation_n of_o their_o civil_a authority_n over_o those_o who_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o govern_v but_o indeed_o the_o first_o of_o these_o case_n be_v so_o improbable_a nay_o almost_o impossible_a to_o happen_v that_o be_v it_o not_o for_o the_o overgreat_a niceness_n of_o these_o writer_n it_o need_v not_o to_o have_v be_v so_o much_o as_o mention_v since_o none_o but_o a_o madman_n can_v ever_o go_v about_o to_o destroy_v his_o whole_a people_n and_o therefore_o as_o a_o man_n out_o of_o his_o wit_n such_o a_o prince_n may_v be_v resist_v and_o lock_v up_o if_o ever_o it_o shall_v so_o fall_v out_o as_o you_o yourself_o have_v confess_v it_o have_v very_o rare_o for_o a_o nation_n to_o be_v so_o unhappy_a as_o to_o have_v such_o a_o prince_n but_o as_o for_o the_o second_o viz._n the_o make_n over_o their_o supreme_a power_n to_o a_o foreign_a prince_n that_o likewise_o so_o 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he_o may_v therefore_o have_v occasion_n sometime_o not_o only_o to_o detract_v from_o they_o or_o dispense_v with_o they_o in_o some_o case_n but_o may_v whole_o break_v and_o lay_v they_o aside_o by_o turn_v tyrant_n 5._o yet_o nevertheless_o in_o all_o these_o case_n people_n be_v still_o bind_v not_o to_o resist_v they_o and_o that_o he_o look_v upon_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o such_o a_o absolute_a monarch_n as_o well_o as_o other_o he_o there_o mention_n pray_v read_v i_o the_o place_n i_o now_o cite_v where_o after_o he_o have_v allow_v resistance_n to_o be_v lawful_a against_o those_o prince_n who_o be_v not_o proper_o monarch_n as_o enjoy_v but_o a_o share_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n and_o among_o which_o he_o reckon_v the_o german_a emperor_n and_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n sweden_n and_o poland_n but_o then_o when_o he_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o real_a and_o absolute_a monarchy_n his_o sense_n be_v quite_o different_a as_o you_o may_v see_v by_o these_o word_n quod_fw-la si_fw-la monarchia_fw-la quaedam_fw-la est_fw-la summâ_fw-la unius_fw-la potestate_fw-la constituta_fw-la qualis_fw-la est_fw-la francorum_fw-la hispanorum_fw-la anglorum_fw-la scotorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n i_o shall_v slip_v all_o the_o rest_n because_o not_o to_o our_o purpose_n ubi_fw-la reges_fw-la sine_fw-la controversia_fw-la jura_fw-la omne_fw-la majestatis_fw-la habent_fw-la per_fw-la se_fw-la nec_fw-la singulis_fw-la civibus_fw-la nec_fw-la universis_fw-la fas_fw-la est_fw-la summi_fw-la principis_fw-la vitam_fw-la famam_fw-la fortunas_fw-la in_o discrimen_fw-la vocare_fw-la seu_fw-la vi_fw-la feu_fw-fr judice_fw-la constituto_fw-la id_fw-la fiat_fw-la etiamsi_fw-la omnium_fw-la scelerum_fw-la ac_fw-la flagitiorum_fw-la quae_fw-la in_o tyrannis_fw-la convenire_fw-la antea_fw-la diximus_fw-la turpitudine_fw-la infamis_fw-la esset_fw-la where_o you_o may_v observe_v that_o force_n or_o resistance_n by_o which_o such_o a_o absolute_a prince_n life_n or_o regal_a power_n here_o call_v fortunas_fw-la be_v as_o much_o forbid_v as_o call_v he_o in_o question_n by_o appoint_v judge_n to_o sit_v upon_o he_o and_o he_o there_o give_v we_o a_o very_a good_a reason_n for_o it_o because_o all_o subject_n of_o what_o degree_n soever_o can_v pretend_v to_o any_o coercive_a power_n over_o the_o person_n of_o a_o sovereign_a prince_n f._n we_o have_v discourse_v enough_o concern_v the_o resistance_n of_o absolute_a monarch_n at_o our_o three_o and_o four_o meeting_n and_o therefore_o i_o desire_v we_o may_v not_o fall_v into_o that_o subject_a which_o can_v produce_v nothing_o but_o needless_a repetition_n and_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v at_o our_o 5_o conversation_n that_o the_o king_n be_v not_o a_o absolute_a despotic_a monarch_n but_o be_v limit_v and_o tie_v up_o by_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n from_o make_v of_o law_n or_o raise_v tax_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o people_n in_o parliament_n and_o that_o our_o government_n be_v mix_v and_o make_v up_o of_o monarchy_n with_o a_o allay_n of_o aristocracy_n and_o democracy_n in_o the_o constitution_n the_o former_a in_o the_o house_n of_o lord_n the_o latter_a in_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o as_o k._n charles_n the_o first_o himself_o confess_v in_o his_o answer_n to_o the_o parliament_n 19_o proposition_n and_o i_o have_v far_o enforce_v this_o from_o divers_a authority_n out_o of_o our_o ancient_n as_o well_o as_o modern_a lawyer_n viz._n glanvill_n bracton_n fortescue_n and_o sir_n edward_n coke_n so_o that_o since_o we_o have_v such_o clear_a proof_n for_o our_o constitution_n from_o our_o own_o history_n and_o author_n nay_o from_o the_o king_n himself_o beside_o the_o whole_a purporâ—_n and_o style_n of_o the_o very_a law_n and_o statute_n of_o the_o kingdom_n i_o do_v not_o value_v the_o authority_n of_o bodin_n a_o foreigner_n who_o business_n it_o be_v to_o set_v up_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o french_a king_n to_o the_o high_a pitch_n he_o can_v 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our_o king_n be_v
be_v that_o of_o the_o free_a burrow_n or_o tything_n fribargus_fw-la wherein_o by_o the_o law_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n the_o tythingman_n or_o head_n burrow_n be_v the_o judge_n who_o as_o that_o law_n tell_v we_o determine_v all_o suit_n and_o difference_n arise_v among_o neighbour_n of_o the_o same_o tything_n concern_v petty_a trespass_n on_o one_o another_o ground_n which_o if_o they_o can_v not_o be_v there_o determine_v may_v then_o be_v bring_v before_o the_o court_n baron_fw-fr which_o be_v incident_a to_o every_o manor_n and_o wherein_o the_o suitor_n and_o not_o the_o lord_n nor_o his_o steward_n be_v the_o judge_n 57_o and_o this_o as_o sir_n edward_n coke_n tell_v we_o be_v first_o institute_v for_o the_o ease_n of_o the_o tenant_n and_o for_o the_o end_n of_o debt_n and_o damage_n under_o potty_a shilling_n at_o home_n as_o it_o be_v at_o their_o own_o door_n and_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o by_o the_o way_n that_o sorty_fw-la shilling_n be_v theo_fw-la near_o as_o much_o as_o forty_o pound_n be_v now_o comitatus_fw-la and_o if_o the_o business_n can_v not_o be_v end_v here_o or_o be_v of_o too_o high_a a_o nature_n it_o be_v then_o bring_v into_o the_o hundred_o court_n where_o the_o hundreder_n together_o with_o the_o suitor_n be_v judge_n and_o if_o they_o have_v not_o justice_n there_o they_o may_v then_o remove_v it_o into_o the_o court_n of_o trthe_v or_o lathe_n which_o be_v not_o the_o small_a court_n of_o the_o tithing_n mention_v nor_o yet_o the_o court_n leet_n but_o a_o particular_a court_n consist_v of_o three_o or_o four_o hundred_o which_o though_o now_o quite_o lose_v be_v in_o be_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o merton_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o and_o if_o the_o business_n can_v not_o be_v decide_v in_o the_o trthe_n it_o be_v then_o remove_v to_o the_o shire_n or_o county_n court_n as_o mr._n lambert_n show_v in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n edward_n which_o be_v then_o hold_v as_o now_o from_o 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town_n who_o have_v the_o privilege_n of_o infangthief_n and_o outfangthief_n together_o with_o fossa_n and_o furca_fw-la that_o be_v a_o pit_n to_o drown_v and_o a_o gallow_n to_o hang_v malefactor_n and_o if_o the_o offence_n be_v do_v in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o county_n they_o be_v then_o try_v and_o condemn_v in_o the_o county_n court_n justices_z itinerant_a not_o be_v in_o use_n till_o henry_n the_o second_o reign_n m_o i_o must_v confess_v you_o have_v give_v i_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o light_n in_o these_o matter_n more_o than_o i_o have_v before_o but_o as_o i_o shall_v not_o dispute_v whether_o in_o the_o low_a court_n such_o as_o the_o tything_n and_o court_n baron_n the_o small_a english_a freeholders_n might_n not_o judge_n of_o petty_a cause_n among_o themselves_o yet_o that_o in_o those_o great_a cause_n be_v bring_v in_o the_o hundred_o and_o county_n court_v which_o only_o the_o great_a fleeman_n of_o the_o hundred_o glos._n or_o county_n be_v judge_n who_o these_o 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the_o of_o hen._n 3._o a_o act_n of_o common_a council_n be_v make_v per_fw-la omnes_fw-la aldermanâ—aes_fw-la &_o magnates_fw-la civitatis_fw-la per_fw-la assensum_fw-la universorum_a civium_fw-la quod_fw-la nullo_n tempore_fw-la â—ermitterent_fw-la aliquem_fw-la vicecomitem_fw-la admitti_fw-la in_o vicecomitem_fw-la per_fw-la duos_fw-la annos_fw-la continuos_fw-la sicut_fw-la 〈◊〉_d extiterant_fw-la so_o likewise_o in_o the_o same_o book_n anno_fw-la dom._n 1244._o 29._o h._n 3._o mention_n be_v there_o make_v of_o a_o dissension_n that_o then_o arise_v about_o the_o choice_n of_o a_o sheriff_n and_o the_o book_n say_v that_o quidam_fw-la de_fw-la vulgo_fw-la elegerunt_fw-la nichol._n bat._n per_fw-la assensum_fw-la majoris_fw-la &_o magnates_fw-la elegerunt_fw-la adam_n de_fw-fr â—ently_fw-mi i_o can_v give_v you_o more_o of_o a_o like_a nature_n but_o i_o will_v not_o tire_v you_o but_o no_o doubt_n but_o the_o eminent_a citizen_n of_o york_n and_o other_o city_n be_v call_v magnate_v in_o those_o time_n from_o all_o which_o we_o may_v safe_o conclude_v that_o not_o only_a knight_n of_o shirâ—_n be_v style_v magnate_v but_o also_o the_o representative_n for_o the_o city_n be_v often_o style_v proceres_fw-la magnates_fw-la and_o nobiles_fw-la in_o our_o ancient_a roll_n and_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o other_o public_a write_n i_o beg_v your_o pardon_n for_o be_v thus_o long_o but_o i_o can_v not_o make_v a_o end_n soon_o and_o prove_v the_o true_a sense_n of_o these_o word_n in_o question_n from_o ancient_a historian_n act_n of_o parliament_n and_o record_n by_o which_o i_o hope_v you_o will_v be_v satisfy_v how_o unsafe_a it_o be_v to_o depend_v upon_o the_o general_a and_o various_a expression_n of_o our_o english_a historian_n especial_o as_o understand_v by_o those_o of_o yoâ—â—_n opinion_n since_o if_o we_o shall_v depend_v upon_o they_o alone_o the_o commons_o will_v not_o oftentimes_o be_v find_v to_o have_v be_v present_a in_o parliament_n even_o when_o the_o record_n themselves_o express_o prove_v they_o be_v there_o m._n i_o must_v confess_v you_o have_v make_v i_o think_v more_o on_o this_o subject_a than_o perhaps_o otherwise_o i_o shall_v have_v do_v yet_o i_o must_v observe_v that_o most_o of_o the_o quotation_n you_o have_v make_v use_n of_o concern_v the_o meaning_n of_o the_o word_n proceres_fw-la magnates_fw-la and_o nobiles_fw-la etc._n etc._n be_v from_o author_n who_o write_v after_o the_o time_n that_o i_o 〈◊〉_d the_o commons_o as_o now_o represent_v to_o have_v be_v constant_o summon_v to_o parliament_n so_o that_o they_o may_v very_o well_o through_o haste_n or_o inadvertency_n confound_v they_o with_o the_o earl_n and_o lord_n and_o so_o style_v they_o by_o the_o same_o title_n for_o i_o will_v prove_v to_o you_o before_o the_o conclusion_n of_o this_o discourse_n by_o undeniable_a record_n that_o by_o the_o word_n magnate_v and_o proceres_fw-la be_v understand_v the_o bishop_n earls_z and_o baron_n as_o distinguish_v from_o the_o commons_o but_o i_o think_v i_o can_v sufficient_o prove_v from_o mat._n paris_n and_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o our_o first_o norman_n king_n as_o also_o from_o the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o king_n john_n that_o by_o the_o word_n bartneâ—_n iâ—_n mean_v the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v there_o only_o mention_v to_o haâ—_n constant_o appear_v in_o parliament_n till_o the_o 18_o the_o e._n 1._o the_o great_a and_o less_o â—â—â—ons_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la together_o with_o those_o of_o high_a degree_n viz._n the_o earl_n bishop_n and_o abbot_n be_v the_o only_a person_n who_o represent_v the_o whoâ—e_a body_n of_o the_o nation_n in_o our_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n and_o i_o take_v this_o to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d evident_a and_o clear_a that_o i_o can_v quit_v this_o opinion_n without_o you_o can_v show_v 〈◊〉_d better_a reason_n to_o the_o contrary_a than_o hitherto_o you_o have_v do_v f._n i_o see_v nothing_o will_v satisfy_v those_o who_o have_v once_o receive_v a_o prejudice_n 〈◊〉_d otherwise_o i_o think_v it_o may_v be_v prove_v sufficient_o from_o that_o clause_n in_o magna_n chartâ—_n i_o have_v mention_v that_o other_o person_n be_v there_o before_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n 〈◊〉_d beside_o your_o great_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o as_o for_o the_o use_n of_o 〈◊〉_d word_n you_o mention_v in_o historian_n after_o the_o reign_n of_o hen._n iii_o nothing_o can_v be_v a_o plain_a proof_n for_o i_o for_o if_o those_o historian_n do_v comprehend_v the_o common_a under_o those_o general_a word_n or_o phrase_n we_o have_v be_v now_o dispute_v about_o i_o deâ—sire_v to_o know_v why_o they_o may_v not_o have_v be_v likewise_o comprehend_v under_o thâ—_n same_o term_n by_o mat._n paris_n and_o those_o other_o historian_n who_o write_v other_o historieâ—_n from_o the_o norman_a conquest_n to_o his_o time_n and_o why_o thy_o might_n not_o have_v then_o conâ—founded_v the_o commons_o with_o the_o lord_n as_o well_o as_o they_o do_v afterward_o but_o since_o i_o see_v you_o insist_v so_o much_o upon_o your_o barones_n and_o tenentes_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la who_o you_o wiâ—_n have_v alone_o to_o constitute_v the_o baronagium_n or_o the_o communitas_fw-la or_o universitas_fw-la barâ—â—gii_fw-la angliae_fw-la pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o ask_v you_o a_o plain_a question_n be_v your_o lessâ—_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o barones_n minores_fw-la lord_n or_o peer_n of_o parliament_n or_o be_v they_o commoner_n only_o m._n to_o give_v you_o mr._n selden_n opinion_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n cap._n 5._o 708._o he_o suppose_v that_o from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o conquest_n to_o about_o the_o middle_n of_o king_n john_n every_o tenant_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o tenure_n of_o land_n he_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la be_v indifferent_o a_o honorary_a or_o parliamentary_a baron_n but_o that_o about_o the_o end_n of_o king_n john_n time_n some_o only_a that_o be_v most_o eminent_a of_o those_o tenant_n sometime_o style_v barones_n majores_fw-la regni_fw-la be_v summon_v by_o several_a writ_n direct_v to_o they_o as_o