Daughter Elizabeth who afterwards was Queen Septemb 10. following And lastly after a like Divorce beheaded with a Sword May 19. 1536. Three days after whose death some say sooner he married the Lady Jane Seimour Daughter of Sir John Seimour who brought him a Son Prince Edward who succeeded him October the 12th 1537. and died two days after During this â—ime the Cardinal with the King's leave was on his Journey for York but arrested of High-Treason by the way and died at Leicester Abbey Nov. 30. 1530. ere he could reach London To him succeeded in Favour and Power his Servant Cromwell the occasion thus The Cardinal had by the Pope's License suppress'd some small Religious Houses for the Endowment of his Colleges of Christ's Church in Oxford and Ipswich which the King made use of as a Wimble to let in the greater Augre and Cromwell his Instrument for suppressing the rest If they voluntarily surrender'd they went off with Pensions if otherwise and that they defended their Possessions they ran Whiting the Abbot of Glastenbury's Fate to be hang'd for taking Arms against the King From which Beginnings there were first and last dissolved Monasteries 645. whereof 26 had Place and Voice among the Peers Colleges 90. Chauntries and Free-Chappels 2374. Hospitals 110. Nor was the King wanting to give him a Figure suitable to the Undertaking for in the compass of three Years he made him Master of the Jewel-House a Privy Councellor Secretary Master of the Rolls Lord Privy-Seal and Baron Cromwell July 10. 1536. Vicegerent in Spiritualibus the 18th of the same Month Knight of the Garter April 23. 1538. Earl of Essex and Lord High Chamberlain of England April 18. 1540. And his Son Gregory Baron of Okeham which Title remain'd in his Family 'till by the death of Vere Cromwell late Earl of Ardglas in Ireland without Issue Male it was extinct 1686. The King had now been a Widower two Years when Cromwell thinking to rivet himself in the King's Favour by a Queen of his making negotiated a Match for him with Anne Sister of William Duke of Cleve c. who was married to him Jan 6. 1540. But the King not liking her they were divorc'd by Act of Parliament upon her own Consent she renouncing the Title of Queen for that of the King 's adopted Sister And with this Match fell Cromwell for it brought him into the King's disfavour Nor wanted he Enemies to load him by whose procurement he was committed to the Tower July 9. 1540. and the King having No More need of him attainted in Parliament of High Treason and Heresie without so much as being call'd to answer and thereupon beheaded the 19th of the same Month. His FIFTH Wife was the Lady Catharine Howard Daughter of Edmond third Son of Thomas first Duke of Norfolk whom also he attainted in Parliament and beheaded Feb. 13. 1541. The Year following the Title of Lord of Ireland was by the respective Parliaments of both Kingdoms alter'd into that of King of Ireland And to encourage such of the Irish Nobility as came in to him he created O Brian Earl of Thoumond June 3. 1543. And Mac-William a-Burgh Earl of Clanricart July 1. following and 12th of the same Month married the Lady Catharine Parr Widow of the Lord Latimer who had the luck to survive him and was afterwards married to the Lord Admiral Seimour Nor had he after that Year the opportunity of doing much saving that he landed an Army in Scotland under the Conduct of the Lord Admiral Dudley who burnt Lieth to the ground forc'd Edinburgh and having fir'd it as also Thirty other Towns and Villages came back for England by Berwick 1544. And to close the last Scene of his Life he made a Royal Voyage into France and besieg'd Boloigne which by the Personal Courage and Conduct of the said Lord Admiral was surrender'd and the King rode triumphantly into it Sept. 8. the same Year and made him Governour thereof For the recovery of this the French made several attempts but all unsuccessful Whereupon it was at last concluded between the two Kings That if the King of France paid the King of England 800000 Crowns in eight Years he should have Boloigne restor'd to him and that in the mean time it should remain in the King of England's hands as a Security for the Money June 7. 1547. After which falling into a Dropsie he died Jan. 28. following being the Fifty fifth Year of his Age and Thirty seventh of his Reign He had the Soul of a Prince Magnificent and Liberal and whatever may be said of King-Craft understood what it was to be a King Nor were the Popes Julius II. and Leo X. less sensible of it which made them so forward to have engag'd him to their Interest For the former having by a Decree of the Council of Lateran depriv'd the King of France of the Title of Christianissimus transferr'd it to him but died before the Bull was sent over 1514. and the latter granted to him Poster is suis the Title of Defensor Fidei 1521. His Wives as hath been said were SIX but he had Issue only by the Three first viz. By Queen Catharine 1. Henry Tudor born Jan. 1. 1509. and died Feb. 22. following 2. Another not Named born 1514. but liv'd not long 3. Mary Tudor born Feb. 18. 1518. and afterwards came to be Queen of England By Queen Anne Bullen 1. Elizabeth Tudor born Septemb. 10. 1533. who succeeded her Half Sister Mary in the Crown 2. A Male-Child still-born Feb. 29. 1535. By Queen Jane Edward born as before made Prince of Wales Duke of Cornwal and Earl of Chester Octob. 18. 1537. His Natural Issue Henry surnam'd Fitz Roy begotten on the Lady Elizabeth Talbois Daughter of Sir John Blount Kt. and Widow of Sir Gilbert Talbois created Earl of Nottingham June 18. 1525. and the same day Duke of Richmond and Somerset Died without Issue his Father living 1536. XXI To his Father succeeded his only Son Prince Edward VI. a Protestant to whom being yet but Nine Years of Age his Mother's Brother Sir Edward Seimour created Viscount Beauchamp 1536. Earl of Hertford 1538. was appointed Governour proclaimed Lord Protector Feb. 1. 1547. and made Duke of Somerset the 17th of the same Month At which time also his younger Brother Sir Thomas Seimour was made Lord Sudley and High Admiral of England the late Lord Admiral Dudley Earl of Warwick the Lord Chancellor Wriothsley Earl of Southampton and the King Crown'd the 25th following Whereupon the REFORMATION began but the Lord Chancellor seeming averse to it was remov'd from the Privy-Council discharg'd of all his Offices and Sir William Pawlett Lord St. John made Chancellor in his room In which Year the Parliament having given the King Free-Chappels c. he set out the Free-Chappel of St. Stephen founded by King Stephen for a place of Sitting for the House of Commons which before that time had been in the Chapter House of the
King Edward's Assistance recovers it and does him Homage and swears Fealty for it 1333. And now there happening some disgust between him and Philip de Valois King of France he bethinks himself of his Title to thâ— Crown in right of Isabel his Mother 〈◊〉 which the Banishment of Robert de Artois by King Philip his Brother who fled for safety to him gave him a fair Opportunity Nor was he wanting to it for he not only receiv'd him joyâ—ully but made him Earl of Richmend and of his Council 1336. which he liv'd not long to enjoy for after six years serving him in France he was wounded at the Siege of Vanner and brought to England where he died 1342. The Year following he instituted the Order of the Garter and created his eldest Son Edward Prince of Wales In July 1346. he enters Normandy with a mighty Army and takes the Prince with him who not full Sixteen fought the Battel of Cressy in Picardy on St. Bartholomew's Day the same Year and obtain'd so great a Victory that Callice was forthwith besieg'd and surrender'd Aug. 3. 1347. On which the King took the Title and Arms of France and return'd for England where the Prince Electors signifie to him That they had chosen him King of the Romans which he refused In the Year 1356. the Prince goes over again fights the Battel of Poictiers in Poictou and takes John the French King Prisoner Septemb 19. the same Year Returns for England brings the said King with him whence he was not deliver'd 'till 1360. at what time an Accord had been made on his behalf at Britigny near Chartres During this Cessation with France the Prince of Wales accompanied with his Brother John of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster relieves Peter King of Castile and Leon expuls'd by his Bastard-Brother Henry and restor'd him 1367. But little of the Accord with France being perform'd the King upon his return sends the Prince into Acquitain and in a short time the said Duke John and his younger Brother Edmond Earl of Cambridge to aid him to whom his Health failing him he left the profecution of the War and return'd himself 1371. Nor did his Brother John much after him save that coming for England he by reason of the Prince's sickness wholly manag'd his aged Father which being taken notice of by some of the Prince's Friends he is banâ—â—â—'d the Court Not long after which the Prince died 1375 being the Forty ninth of his Father's Reign and Forty sixth of his Age. His Wise was Joan Daughter of Edmond Earl of Kent his Father's Brother by whom he had 1. Edward born at Angoulesm and died young 2. Richard born at Bourdeaux who succeeded his Grandfather As also two Natural Sons 1. Sir John Sounder 2. Sir Reger Clarendon put to death by Henry IV. for endeavouring the Restauration of his said Brother Richard 1402. And now after the Prince's death the Duke of Lancaster came in play again and openly favour'd John Wickliffe to the great disturbance of the State and therefore lest he might do by Richard of Bâ—urdeaux as Earl John had done by his Nephew Arthur the King providently setled the Succession in Parliament upon the said Richard creating him first Earl of Cheste and Câ—rnwal and then Prince of Wales and died June 21. 1377. in the Sixty fourth Year of his Age and Fiftieth of his Reign He had to Wise Philippa of Haynault who bore him Have Daughters 1. Isabel married to Ingelram Lord of Coueâ— Earl of Sâ—â—â—â—â—ns and Bedford afterwards Archduke of Austria 2. Joan to Alphonso II. of Castile by Proxy but die before it was consummated 3. Mary to John Menserd Duke of Bretagne 4. Margaret to John Hastings Earl of Pembrâ—â—â— but died without Issae 5. Also another Daughter Blanch who died young And seven Sons 1. Edward surnamed The Black Prince of whom before 2. William surnamed Of Hatfield the Place of his Birth He died young 3. Lionel born at Antwerp 1338. made Earl of Ulster in Ireland in right of his Wise Elizabeth Daughter of William Burgh Earl of Ulster with whom also he had the Honour of Clare in the County of Thoumond in that Kingdom and thence created Dake of Clarence She brought him one Daughter only Philippa married to Edmond Mortimer Eail of March Mother of Reger Earl of March Father of Anne Countess of Cambridge Grandmother of King Edward IV. 4 John surnamed Of Gaunt where he was hom 1342. Created Duke of Lancaster 1352. He had three Wives 1. Blanch Daughter and Heir of Henry Earl of Lancaster Son of Edmond Crouch back youngest Son of King Henry III. as before by whom he had Henry of Bullenbrook Earl of Derby who usurp'd upon Richard II. and was the first of the Lancastrian Kings His second Wise was Constance eldest Daughter of Peter King of Castile and Leon in whose Right he bore the same Title and had by her Catharine whose Posterity became Kings of Spain in her Right His third Wife was Catharine Widow of Sir Hugh Swinford an English Knight eldest Daughter and Co heir of Pain Red Guien King at Arms her younger Sifter married Sir Jeoffry Chaucer the English Laureat He had by her before Marriage several Children surnamed De Beaufort from a Castle of his in France of that Name where they were born In regard of which they gave a Portcullis for their Cognisance and were all of them legitimated in Parliament 1397. with this Clause nevertheless Excepting the Reg Dignity As 1. John first Knighted and afterwards created Earl of Somerset 1398. 2. Henry afterwards Bishop of Winchester Cardinal of St. Eusebius and Chancellor of England 3. Thomas first created Earl of Dorset 1398. and afterwards Duke of Exeter 1414. 4. And one Daughter Joan first married to Ralph Nevil Baron of Wemm created afterwards the first Earl of West mâ—rland And after him to Robert Ferrers Lord of Owseley 5. Edmond of Langley born 1342. created Earl of Cambridge 1362. Duke of York 1386. He was the first that gave the White Rose and died 1402. His Wife was Isabella youngest Daughter of the said Peter King of Castile by whom he had Richard Plantagenet Earl of Cambridge married to Anne Mortimer Daughter of Roger Earl of March by whom he had Richard Duke of York slain at the Battel of Wakefield 1460. Father of 1. Edward Duke of York who recover'd the Crown from King Henry VI. 2. George Duke of Clarence 3. Richard Duke of Gloucester afterwards King 6. William of Windsor who died young 7. Thomas of Woodstock a Man valiant and wise He was created Earl of Buckingham 1376. then Duke of Gloucester by Richard II. and at last treacherously made away some say strangled at Callice 1397. XII Richard II. born at Bourdeaux 1367. succeeded his Grandfather and was Crown'd July 16. 1377. in the 11th Year of his Age. The Care of him was first committed to certain Bishops and Earls and lastly to Thomas Beauchamp Earl of Warwick 1379. In the Year 1382.
attendance on the Earl their Lord. By which means and several of King Richard's Party falling in with him his Army grew stronger daily and the Lord Stanly who had married the Countess of Richmond Mother to Henry lay hovering with an Army of five thousand Men but durst not declare for him for fear of the Lord Strange his Son whom King Richard kept as an Hostage for his Father 's not acting against him Yet was not Richard so amaz'd at it but that he met his Enemy with a powerful Army at Bosworth near Leicester where in the heat of the Battel the Lord Stanly joyn'd Earl Henry with his fresh Forces as also did Sir William Stanly his Brother with three thousand more and slew King Richard Aug. 22. 1485. whose Crown found among the Spoil he forthwith put on the Head of the said Earl on which he was proclaim'd King by the Army Thus fell that Usurper Richard in the Thirty seventh Year of his Age and Third of his Reign His Wife was Anne youngest Daughter of Richard Earl of Warwick by whom he had Edward Prince of Wales Earl of Chester and Salisbury born in his Uncle King Edward IV.'s Reign An. 1473. of whom before As also a Natural Daughter viz. Catharine Plantagenet But neither of them surviv'd him XIX § VII King Henry VII Son of Edmond Teuther Earl of Richmond by the Lady Margaret Daughter and Heir of John Duke of Somerset lineally descended from John de Beaufort before-mentioned having thus gotten the Victory at Bosworth the first thing he did was to secure Edward Plantagenet Earl of Warwick about Fifteen Years of Age Son of George Duke of Clarence of whom also before kept Prisoner in Yorkshire by King Richard III. together with the Lady Elizabeth the former of which he sent to the Tower the other to her Mother in London whither he follow'd by slow Journies and was Crown'd Octob. 30. the same Year And having call'd a Parliament in which the Inheritance of the Crown of this Realm and France was entail'd on him and the Heirs of his Body he married the said Lady Elizabeth Jan. 18. following In 1486. he call'd another Parliament in which it was enacted That the Queen Dowager Elizabeth should forfeit all her Lands and Possessions because she had voluntarily submitted her sell and her Daughters to Richard III. contrary to her Promise to the Lords c. On which she retir'd to a Nunnery at Bermondsey where she died not many Years after And now such as favour'd the House of York set a Project on foot to lay by King Henry and advance the aforesaid Edward Earl of Warwick to the Crown To which purpose one Richard Simond a crafty Priest of Oxford having a sharp Pupil call'd Lambert Simnell and not unlike the said Earl either for Stature or Years He is pitch'd upon to personate him and take his Name who as was given out had got out of the Tower Nor was it long ere he was so well instructed in the Mien of a Prince and the Lineage he was to pretend to that they adventur'd for Ireland where he was receiv'd as the undoubted Heir of the House of York which the Irish rather favour'd than that of Lancaster Upon advice of this the Earl of Lincoln Son of John de la Pool Duke of Suffolk by Elizabeth Sister to King Edward IV. and others his Friends not thinking it meet to neglect so fair an Opportunity got over into Flanders to the Lady Margaret Dutchess Dowager of Burgundy one other Sister of the said King Edward where they met the Lord Lovel who had escap'd from Bosworth and at last concluded among them That Lincoln and Lovel should go into Ireland and there attend upon Lambert and honour him as King and taking with him two thousand Men should with the Power of the Irish Men bring him into England in which if they succeeded Lambert should be laid by and the true Earl of Warwick be deliver'd out of Prison and Crown'd King King Henry on the other hand made no more of it than to expose the Earl of Warwick to a publick view through the City 'till hearing that the Earl of Lincoln was arriv'd in Ireland and had Crown'd Lambert at Dublin with a resolution of coming for England he gather'd a great Army against him who by that time was landed near Lancaster and came forward to Stoke where the King's Forces met him and after a hard-fought Battel and total Overthrow to Lambert he and his Tutor were taken Prisoners June 16. 1487. and being brought to London Lambert was made a Turn-spit in the King's Kitchen and the other as being a Priest committed to perpetual Imprisonment There were also other Insurrections the same Year which the King dispers'd by his Proclamation of Pardon ere it came to the Sword And having made a Truce with Scotland for seven Years Crown'd his Queen Novemb. 25. following About this time the King of France making War upon the Duke of Bretagne King Henry mediates between them But to no effect for upon the death of the said Duke 1488. the King of France over-ran the Dutchy incorporated it to the Crown of France and in 1489. married the Dutchess King Henry lik'd not this new Accession and therefore since nothing else could prevail made War upon France 1490. The Dutchess of Burgundy laid hold of the Occasion and brings upon the Stage one Peter or Perkin Warbeck to take on him the Name and Person of Richard Duke of York second Son of King Edward IV. her Brother not murder'd in the Tower as she gave it abroad but escap'd into Ireland whither she had underhand sent him In which he acted his Part so well that he was taken for what he personated 1491. The French King being advertis'd thereof sent for him out of Ireland to the intent to arm him against King Henry who was then invading France gave him a Royal Reception and assign'd him a Guard On which several of the English got over to him But it so happening that the two Kings were made Friends Perkin was dismiss'd and with his Followers went to the Dutchess of Burgundy who joyfully welcom'd him yet seeming as if she had never seen him solemnly examin'd him Of his escape from being murder'd In what Countries he had wandred By what means he had found Friends and What Chance of Fortune had brought him to her Court. To all which he made such direct Answers that she assign'd him a Princely Guard and call'd him The White Rose of England 1492. And to the end the truth of the matter might be the better known Sir Robert Clifford and one William Barely are by the common Consent of such as favour'd the House of York sent over to the Dutchess to declare their Intentions concerning him Which when she had heard she brought them to Perkin who so well humour'd the thing that Sir Robert wrote back to them and to put them out of doubt affirm'd That he knew him to be
of the Dutchy of Luxenburg as well as of the City of the same Name In 1686. the Principality of Swibuse together with the City of that Name was by an amicable Accommodation deliver'd up to the Elector of Brandenburg Last of all the French King breaking the Truce took Philipsburg on the Rhine from this Family Nov. 1. 1688. O. S. Of its Pretensions § XIX THe Pretensions of the House of Austria are 1. To the Dutchy of Burgundy which appertain'd of right to Maximilian I. as having married Mary Daughter and sole Heiress of Burgundy but the then King of France refus'd to invest him on pretence of the Salique Law 2. To Transylvania Moldavia Walachia and Bulgaria as Dependencies of the Kingdom of Hungary 3. To the Counties of Habsburg Baden and Kiburg 4. To the City of Schaffbuse 5. To the Kingdom of Portugal as having actually revolted from that of Spain 6. To the Dutchy of Luxenburg And lastly To the City and Castle of Philipsburg CHAP. II. Of the House of France § I. TO find out the Rise of the present House of France we are to look back as far as Hugh the Great Duke of France Burgundy and Aquitain Marquess of Orleans and Earl of Paris deceased 956. His eldest Son was Hugh Capet Duke of France Marquess of Orleans and Count of Paris who upon the death of Lewis the Slothful last King of France of the Race of Charlemaigne was by the unanimous Consent of the Peers of France inaugurated King of that Kingdom An. 987. And his Son Robert being in the same Year declared his Successor united the aforesaid Provinces to the Crown His Queen was Aloisia Daughter of William Duke of Aquitain by whom he had Issue Robert aforesaid from his great Piety surnamed The Saint who succeeded in the Throne of France upon the death of his Father in the Year 998. He was also Heir to the Dutchy of Burgundy upon his Uncle Henry's decease and departed this Life himself in 1031. having had two Queens viz. Bertha Daughter of Conrade King of Burgundy and Constance Daughter of William Count of Arles and Provence And by then two Sons namely 1. Henry of whom more in the next Section And 2. Robert Propagator of the Line of Burgundy the which became extinct in Philip Duke of Burgundy An. 1361. And whereas it had spread it self into two lesser Branches viz. that of Montaigue and that of Vienne or Dauphiné yet the first fail'd in Claudius de Montaigue An. 1468. the other in Humbert II. 1358. who seeing himself destitute of Issue made over Dauphiné to Philip of Valois King of France for 40000 Florins and on condition That for the future the eldest Son of France should be styled The Dauphin § II. Return we now to Henry I. Crown'd King of France 1031. The beginning of whose Reign was made uneasie by his Mother for she being desirous to advance his Brother Robert to the Throne stirred up many of the Nobility against him But the Business being decided by a Battel the Victory fell to the juster side His Death bears date 1060. And his Issue by Agnes Daughter of Basilius King of Russia were 1. Philip I. And 2. Hugh Count de Vermandois de Valois de Chaumont and d'Amiens whose Posterity fail'd in Rudolph II. Count de Vermandois c. An. 1158. Philip succeeded his Father at the age of nine Years and was Crown'd King of France An. 1060. His first Queen was Bertha Daughter of Florence I. Earl of Holland whom he divorc'd in 1093. and married Bertrada Daughter to Simon Earl of Montfort By the first be had 1. Lewis VI. but first of this Line surnam'd The Gross born 1081. 2. Henry deceased an Infant 3. Constance married to Hugh Earl of Champaigne and after his decease to Boemund Prince of Antioch By the second 1. Philip Count de Mans who married Elizabeth Daughter of Guy the second Baron of Mont le Herry but died without Issue 2. Florus Father of Elizabeth of Nantes 3. Caecilia married first to Tancred Prince of Antioch and after his decease to Pontius of Tholouse Count of Tripoli in Syria And 4. Eustachia espoused to John Count d'Estampes Of these Lewis succeeded his Father at his decease and was Crown'd King of France in the Year 1108. His Queen's Name was Adelain Daughter of Humbert II. Duke of Savoy who bore him this following Issue 1. Philip deceased sixteen Years old 2. Lewis VII born 1119. of whom in the next Section 3. Henry Archbishop of Reims 4. Robert III. Count de Dreux whose Posterity became extinct in John An. 1590. 5 Philip Archdeacon of Paris deceased 1164. 6 Peter Baron or Lord of Courtnay whose Posterity fail'd in Stephen de Raviers An. 1383. 7. Hugh deceased in his Infancy And 8. Constance married to Raymund Earl of Tholouse § III. Lewis VII surnam'd The Younger was born in 1119. and Crown'd King of France 1131. His first Queen was Eleanor Daughter and Heiress of William Duke of Aquitain whom he divorc'd in 1152. After which she was married to Henry Duke of Normandy who coming afterwards to be King of England did grievously annoy the French King His second was Constance Daughter to Alphonso VIII King of Castile who died in 1159. And his third Alice Daughter of Theobald Earl of Chambagne whom he married in 1161. She died 1205. By the first he had Issue 1. Mary married to Henry Count de Champagne She died 1179. And 2. Alice married to Theobald Earl of Chartres and Blois By the second only a Daughter named Margaret married to Henry eldest Son of Henry II. King of England and after his decease to Bela III. King of Hungary whom she likewise out-liv'd and went in Pilgrimage to the Holy Land in the City of Acres An. 1198. By by the third 1. Philip II. surnamed Augustus born Aug. 22. 1166. 2. Alice married to William Count de Ponthieu And 3. Agnes given in marriage to Comenius Alexius Emperour of Constantinople 1180. and after his death to Theodore Branas Lord of Adrianople Philip II.'s Inauguration to the Crown of France was Nov. 1. 1179. This Prince very much enlarged both the Power and Patrimony of the Crown of France for having overcome John sans Terre or Lack-land King of England he brought Normandy Bretagne Anjon Touraine Poictiers Clermont and part of Aquitain under his Jurisdiction His first Queen was Isabella Daughter of Baldwin IV. Earl of Haynault after whose decease he married Ingeburg Daughter of Waldemar King of Denmark but being afterwards divorc'd from her proceeded to a third Choice which was the Lady Agnes Daughter of Berthold Duke of By the first he had Issue only Lewis VIII born 1187. of whom in the next Section But by the third 1. Philip Earl of Bologne Clermont c. who by Maud Daughter of Reginald Earl of Dammarlin had Issue a Daughter named Joan and married to Scaevola de Châtillon 2. Mary after the decease of her first Husband Philip of Haynault Earl of
born Feb. 11. 1466. design'd Wife to George Nevil Duke of Bedford promised afterwards to the Dauphin courted by her Uncle King Richard III. but at last married to King Henry VII 2. Cecilia to the Viscount VVells and after his decease to Kyme of Lincolnshire 3. Anne to Thomas Lord Howard afterwards Earl of Surrey and Duke of Norfolk 4. Bridget born Novemb. 10. 1480. profess'd in the Nunnery of Dartford 5. Mary promised in Marriage to the King of Denmark but died before its Consummation 6. Margaret born April 19. 1472. died in her Infancy 7. Catharine married to the Lord VVilliam Courtney Son to the Earl of Devonshire His Sons 1. Edward Prince of VVales born Nov. 4. 1470. 2. Richard Duke of York and Norfolk Earl of Nottingham and VVarren both murder'd by the procurement of the Duke of Gloucester their Uncle 1483. 3. George Duke of Bedford died an Infant His Natural Issue Arthur to whom he gave the Name of Plantagenet created Viscount Lisle by King Henry VIII 1523. and died 1542. As also one Daughter Elizabeth Plantagenet married to the Lord Lumley XVII Edward V. succeeded his Father in Title though not in the Crown for being not above Thirteen Years of Age at the death of his Father Sir Anthony VVoodvile Lord Rivers his Mother's Brother was appointed Governour to him and with Richard Gray Marquess of Dorset his Half-brother by the Mother sent to conduct him from Ludlow where he then was to London And on this the Duke of Gloucester his Uncle lays the Foundation of his design'd Usurpation and in order to it there having been some secret Grudge between Edward Duke of Buckingham his Creature and VVilliam Lord Hastings then Lord Chamberlain both Enemies of the Queen's he first reconciles them and then rells them how unreasonable it was that the young King their Master should be in the hands of his Mother's Kinred a new Nobility a thing neither Honourable to his Majesty nor them Whereupon it is agreed That they be remov'd as Enemies On this Gloucester and Buckingham meet the King with all Obedience at Stony Stratford and having secur'd the Lord Rivers and Dorset whom they shortly after beheaded at Powfret bring him to London May 4. 1483. the Queen upon hearing what had pass'd having with her younger Son and Daughters taken sanctuary at Westminster On which the Duke of Gloucester is made Protector of the Realm The next device was how to get the young Duke out of his Mother's hands which she as suspecting the design will by no means consent to However at last what with the Assurance of several of the Privy Council for his safety and Threats of forcing the Sanctuary for him he is deliver'd to the Protector who with all seeming joy brings him to the King his Brother into the Bishop of London's Palace at St. Paul's and thence honourably through the City for the King's security as was given out until his Coronation The Protector all along had made his residence near the Tower and having so tangled Buckingham that he could not safely get off he comes to the point with him on which it is agreed between them That the Protector should have the Duke's aid to make him King and that the Protector 's Son should marry the Duke's Daughter with a Grant to himself of the Earldom of Hereford which he claimed as his Inheritance but could never obtain it in King Edward's time Whereupon Buckingham undertakes for the City with whom he was not the least popular The King now having his Court in the Tower the Council meet there for ordering the Solemnity of his Coronation which was carried on with such forwardness and the Day appointed for it so near at hand that all Mistrust was visibly set aside 'till the Protector having pump'd the Lord Chamberlain by his Friend Catesby and finding no good to be done on him came into the Council June 13. and knitting his Brows arrested him as a Traitor for that he with his Brother's Wife the Queen had attempted his Life by Sorcery And therewith giving a knock a Guard came in who by the Protector 's Command forthwith carried him out and struck off his Head and severally secur'd the rest of the Council Whereupon sending for some of the Chief of the City he made them a fair Tale How himself and the Duke of Buckingham were to have been destroy'd in Council by a Conspiracy of the Lord Chamberlain's And returns them with an Herauld and a Proclamation in the King's Name to satisfie the People There was at that time one Sir Edmond Shaw Lord Mayor of London who upon promise of advancement had been made to their Party as also one Doctor John Shaw Brother to the Mayor and Doctor John Penker Provincial of the Augustine Friars both noted Preachers but of more Fame than either Vertue or Learning And these are the Men must make that Gospel to the People which Catesby had undertaken for Law to the Kingdom And having receiv'd their Instructions accordingly Shaw begins at St. Paul's Cross the Sunday after where upon that Text Spuria Vitulamina c The Bastard-Slips shall not take root he signify'd to the People That not only King Edward IV. and his Brother George Duke of Clarence were not the very Sons of Richard Duke of York but begotten in Adultery on the Dutchess their Mother But that the now King Edward and his Brother Richard Duke of York were both Bastards inasmuch as their Father King Edward IV. at the time that he married the Lady Elizabeth Gray their Mother was precontracted to the Lady Elizabeth Lucy who was his lawful Wife before God Then turning his Discourse to the Protector and his Title render'd him the express Image of the Noble Duke his Father and the very Right Heir of his Body begotten Yet all this took so little with the People that Penker was reserv'd 'till after the Coronation at which time he so lost his Voice that he was forc't to come down in the midst of his Sermon The Tuesday following the Mayor Aldermen and Commoners being assembled in the Guild-Hall the Duke of Buckingham came among them and having rak'd together whatever could be thought of against King Edward IV. and his Government he recapitulated Shaw's Sermon magnified the Protector and his Title to them and concluded from the whole Vae Regno c. Wo to that Realm that hath a Child to its King Neither had this also any effect upon them 'till a pack'd Company at the other end of the Hall throwing up their Bonnets and crying King Richard King Richard the Mayor took it by the end and said it was so goodly and joyful to hear so full a Cry and no one gainsaying it that he would represent it to the Protector the next Morning which accompanied with all the Aldermen and Chief Commoners of the City in their Formalities and conducted by the Duke of Buckingham he accordingly did And the Protector Good Man so utterly refus'd that
Queen was brought to bed of a Prince named Henry who died Feb. 22. following And now the Magnificence of the Court being somewhat allay'd the King resolv'd of a Royal Expedition into France to which the Parliament gave largely but not thinking it safe to leave the before-mention'd Edmond de la Pool behind him he took off his Head April 30. 1512. and having created Sir Charles Brandon Son of Sir William Brandon Standard-Bearer to Henry VII at Bosworth-Field and there slain Viscount Liste he landed at Callice June 30. 1513. and taking the Field laid siege to Terwin where the Emperour Maximilian taking pay under him wore the Cross of St. George as the King's Soldier To relieve this Place came the French with a powerful Army Aug. 16. but were so put to flight that in memory thereof it was call'd The Battel of Spurrs and the Town surrendred in two days after From thence he advanced to the City of Tournay took it and return'd for England Septemb. 24. To divert the King from this pursuit in France James IV. of Scotland had invaded England and besieged Norham Castle but was encounter'd by the Lord Thomas Howard Earl of Surrey Lieutenant of the North in the King's absence at Flodden Field where the said King lost his Army and Life together Septemb. 9. the same Year On which the King created the said Earl Duke of Norfolk with an augmentation to his Coat of a Demi-Lion shot in the Mouth within a Countre Treasure Flowrie three Parts of the Arms of Scotland Sir Charles Brandon Viscount Lisle Duke of Suffolk Feb. 2. 1514. and Thomas Woolsey his Almoner Bishop of Lincoln the March after Lewis XII King of France now stricken in Years began to be weary of War and finding that the design'd Marriage between the Prince of Castile and the Lady Mary Sister of K. Henry was broken sent over Ambassadors to treat of a Peace and amongst other things of a Match in particular between this Lady and himself with Offers of a large Dowry and Security for the same which by the management of Woolsey was so contriv'd that both took effect with this Condition That if the French King died then the Lady if it stood with her Pleasure might return into England again with all her Dowry and Riches Which being consented to a Peace was proclaim'd Aug. 7. the Marriage consummated Octob. 9. the Queen Crown'd Novemb. 5 1515. and came to Paris the next day where after several solemn Justs the English left her and the King her Husband died Jan. 1. following Not long after which Cardinal Benbrike Archbishop of York King Henry's Ambassadour at Rome dying Woolsey is made Archbishop thereof and upon the Archbishop of Canterbury Warham's giving up the Seal the next Year Lord Chancellor and Cardinal Upon the death of King Lewis Francis I. succeeded him to whom and the Queen his Sister King Henry having made the usual Compliments and being advertis'd of her Inclination to return into England he sent the Duke of Suffolk to receive her which was honourably condescended to and the Queen deliver'd to him who pleas'd her so well that she married him at Callice and return'd with him for England 1516. The King seems offended at it but is quickly reconcil'd However the Cardinal now Legate à Latere disobliges him and not him only but the Prime Nobility of England particularly Edward Stafford Duke of Buckingham the last hereditary High Constable of England whose Head also he brought to the Block May 17. 1521. and with that and his other Exorbitances the general Hatred of the Commons upon himself But what hasten'd his Ruine may seem to be this Charles V. Emperour and King of Spain had refused him the Archbishoprick of Toledo to be reveng'd of this he procured a Friendship between King Henry and the King of France to the end That if probably a Divorce could be made between the King and Queen Aunt to the said Emperour that the King might have married the Dutchess of Alençon the French King's Sister However it were the King after a Twenty Years Marriage makes it a Scruple of Conscience Whether she could be his lawful Wife as having been the Widow of his elder Brother Prince Arthur and endeavours a Divorce from which the Queen appeal'd to the Pope The Cardinal on the other hand finding the King had an eye on the Lady Anne Bullen Daughter of Sir Thomas Bulen Treasurer of his Houshold whom he had created Viscount Rochfort June 18. 1525. and Earl of Wilis Decemb. 1529. and notwithstanding his Endeavours to the contrary would marry her if the Divorce to which the Pope was utterly averse took place so shuffled the matter between the Pope and the King that he fell into the King's displeasure which wanting no aggravation of his Enemies for Friends he had few or none the Great Seal was taken from him Nov. 17. 1529. and Sir Thomas Moore Speaker of the House of Commons made Lord Chancellor the 24th of the same Month and a Writ of Praemunire issued against him in which upon his Confession he had Judgment to forfeit all his Lands Tenements Goods and Chattels c of which he made a large Inventory and sending it to the King by Sir William Gascoigne his Treasurer retired into the Country Howbeit the Bishopricks of York and Winchester were not taken from him nor Plate and Houshold-stuff sufficient for his Degree His Power thus clipp'd one would have thought it sufficient but alas he had a Head yet left and who knew but the King might not have quite forgotten him therefore to make sure Work and him a terrible Example for those are the Words there were Forty three Articles signed by the said Chancellor and by Fourteen Lords of the Privy-Council and the Two Chief Justices exhibited to the King against him Decemb. 1. 1530. which being brought down from the Lords to the Commons Thomas Cromwel his Secretary a Member of the House made so honest a Defence of his Master that the King took him into his Service After which the Lord Chancellor Mocre as little fond of having the King marry the Lady Bullen as had been the Cardinal foreseeing the Cloud that was gathering against him after long suit made to be discharged of his Office gave up the Seal May 7. 1532. and was beheaded for denying the King's Supremacy July 6. 1535. or rather because that he had not put on his Wedding-Garment for the Lady Bullen whom he made Marchioness of Pembroke Septemb. 1. married her Jan. 25. following in the presence of Cranmer his late Ambassadour at Rome whom not long after he made Archbishop of Canterbury Whereupon it was enacted That Queen Catharine should no more be called Queen but Princess Dowager And the Archbishop not to be wanting on his part divorc'd her from the King and by a Publick Sentence declar'd the Marriage to be void and of none effect May 23. 1533. On which Queen Anne was Crown'd June 1. delivered of a
Abbot of Westminster And now Commissioners being appointed for matter of Religion not yet disannull'd by Parliament it came into the Protector 's and Council's mind of a Match that upon the death of King James V. King of Scotland had been treated and concluded by the Parliament of that Kingdom with King Henry VIII for the Prince his Son now King with the Lady Mary their young Queen sole Daughter and Heir of the said James and which by the Contrivance of Cardinal Beaton Archbishop of St. Andrew's was now obstructed to the intent of marrying her to Francis Dauphin of France as it afterwards took effect April 24. 1558. To have prevented this an Army is rais'd and Scotland invaded by Sea and Land where after several Skirmishes the Protector engag'd them at Fauxside and Musleborough whence after a great Slaughter and having secur'd a Footing in the Country he return'd for England the September following But as to the young Queen did so little good that it was doubted Whether this Army and that too for a great part Foreigners was rather rais'd to force a Princess out of her own Country to the Marriage of a Prince not yet ripe for her than to secure himself at home During this and his Brother the Lord Admiral 's absence in Scotland whether it were that the Protector 's Wife could not brook the Queen Dowager Parr her Husband 's the Admiral 's younger Brother's Wife to take place of her or that the Admiral kept not thorough-pace with him there grew such a feud between the Brothers that cost them both their Heads For within a Year and half after their return the Admiral was sent to the Tower and without Trial attainted in Parliament and thereupon beheaded March 20. 1549. Nor had he recover'd this false Step before he made another in slipping an Opportunity that play'd into his hand for the Commissioners having thrown all Images and what thereunto appertain'd out of the Churches and the Parliament abolish'd the Missal and enjoyn'd a New Book of Common-Prayer and Administration of the Sacraments in its room the Cornish Men first and after them Oxfordshire Bucking hamshire Norfolk York and others ran into Rebellion which he fortunately suppress'd and thereby became Master of an Army which he might have wrought to any thing at least crush'd his disguis'd Friend but secret Enemy the Earl of Warwick who had stola the Lords of the Council from him and now jointly impeach'd him as the occasion of the late Tumults and at the same time pray the City and the Commons to aid them to take him from the King Whereupon he is committed to the Tower Octob. 14 following and having not Interest enough to hinder the said Earl from being made Lord High-Chamberlain he tamely submitted to a Marriage between the Earl's eldest Son and his eldest Daughter and got his Liberty for that time But this patch'd Friendship lasted not above two Years for the Earl of Warwick being made Duke of Northumberland and the Lord Henry Gray Marquess of Dorset his Consident Duke of Suffolk Octob. 11. 1551. and now Governing all the late Protector was within five days after again committed to the Tower and convicted of Felony upon a Statute of his own making viz. For purposing and attempting the Lives of the said Northumberland and Suffolk two of the King's Privy-Council which by that Statute was made Felony On which he was beheaded Jan. 22. following And the King left so unguarded by any but themselves and their Creatures that it seem'd no difficulty to bring the Crown into their own Families To this purpose a Marriage is contriv'd between the Lord Guilford Dudley Fourth Son of the said Duke of Northumberland and the Lady Jane Gray eldest Daughter of the said Duke of Suffolk by Frances Daughter of Mary Sister of King Henry VIII of whom before and that so cover'd under the specious Pretence of securing the Protestant Religion against the Lady Mary the King's Sister a Catholick that the King not only further'd it but being in a sickly condition did by his last Will and Testament declare the said Lady Jane Gray to be Rightful Heir in Succession to the Crown of England To which also besides the Lords of the Council all the Judges subscrib'd their Names excepting only Sir James Hales one of the Justices of the Common-Pleas who would neither by Word nor Writing give his Assent to the disherison of Queen Mary Not long after which the King died to wit July 6. 1553. in the Seventeenth Year of his Age and Seventh of his Reign but unmarried and Childless and might perhaps have liv'd longer if he had not been a King Three days after the Lady Jane Gray was proclaimed Queen and the same day the Lady Mary Sister of the last King Edward and eldest Daughter of King Henry VIII sent a Letter to the Lords of the Council thereby claiming the Crown by Right of Succession and requiring them upon their Allegiance to have her proclaim'd Queen Which being sleighted by them she withdrew to her Castle of Fremingham whither several of the Nobility and Gentry repair to her The Council on the other hand dispatch the Duke of Northumberland after her but the Men of Suffolk first and after them those of Oxfordshire Northampton and Norfolk came in so thick to her and six Ships of War declaring for her the Council at London proclaim her Queen the 19th of the same Month left the Duke of Northumberland to shift for himself and secur'd the Lady Jane and her Husband in the Tower XXII Queen Mary a Catholick being thus proclaim'd the Duke of Northumberland was arrested at Cambridge and brought to the Tower and together with the Marquess of Northampton and the Earl of Warwick Son and Heir of the said Duke arraign'd of High-Treason before Thomas Duke of Norfolk Lord High-Steward of England where praying the Opinion of the Court Whether a Man doing an Act by Authority of the Prince's Council and by Warrant of the Great Seal of England and doing nothing without the same may be charg'd with Treason for any thing done by virtue of the same And being answer'd That the Great Seal which he laid for his Warrant was not the Seal of the Lawful Queen of the Realm but the Seal of an Usurper and therefore no Warrant to him he confess'd the Indictment as also did the other two and had Judgment as in Cases of High-Treason Aug. 18. the same Year On which the said Duke was beheaded the 22d and Queen Mary Crown'd Octob. 1. following At which time also she publish'd a General Pardon in which notwithstanding were excepted by Name the Archbishops of Canterbury and York the Bishop of London and others of the Clergy and the two Chief Justices Sir Edward Montacute and Sir Roger Cholmley with other Men of the Law for counselling or at least consenting to the Deprivation of Queen Mary and aiding the aforesaid Duke of Northumberland in the pretended Right of
the before-mention'd Lady Jane who with her Husband were arraign'd and attainted Nov. 3. next ensuing as also was Archbishop Cranmer The beginning of January following the Emperour Charles V. sent over Ambassadours fully impower'd to treat and conclude a Marriage between Queen Mary and Philip Prince of Spain his Son and Heir which afterwards took effect But this Match being not so well relish'd by the Commons nor much better by some of the Nobility it was confederated between them to raise a War rather than suffer such a Change of State as they doubted might follow by the Queen 's thus Matching her self with a Stranger The first that appear'd in it was Sir Tho. Wiat a powerful Man in Kent The occasion thus A near Friend of his one of the Conspirators was committed to the Fleet by the Council for other matters whereupon Sir Thomas suspecting that the Plot was discover'd ran into Arms before the time that had been appointed between them However having gotten a strong Party together he publish'd a Declaration at Maidstone in Kent against the said Marriage and thereby desired his Friends and all English Men to join with him and others to defend the Realm from the danger of being brought in Thraldom to Strangers Whereupon several considerable Persons with their Followers came in to him And the Duke of Suffolk made the like Proclamation in Leicester Nor wanted the Queen on the other hand such as gather'd as fast to suppress them for the Lord Abergavenny having oppos'd him in Kent and Coventry shut their Gates against the Duke of Suffolk there seem'd nothing to the contrary but the Duke of Norfolk by this time gone down against him must have swallow'd him as probably he had done but that 500 of the London White-Coats that went with him revolted and took part with Wiat. Upon which the Duke made what retreat he could and Wiat went on for London but being beaten off at London-Bridge he got over at Kingston and was so encounter'd from Park Corner to St. James's and thence to Charing-Cross and through the Strand that being not able to make further than Temple-Earr where he met a fresh Opposition he deliver'd himself and was sent to the Tower Feb. 7. following and in two days after the Duke of Suffolk The Lord Guilford Dudley and the Lady Jane his Wife behead the 12th and the 23d of the same Month the Duke himself and Sir Thomas Wiat headed and quartered but neither drawn nor hang'd April 11. 1555. his Head set upon the Gallows and his Quarters about the City After which the Marriage between the Queen and Prince Philip of Spain was openly solemniz'd July 25. the same Year and a Parliament open'd Novemb. 12. following in which Reginald Pool Cardinal Legate à Latere from Pope Julius III. not many days before landed in England was restor'd in Blood and the Act of Henry VIII by which he was attainted repealed and the Kingdom reconcil'd and absolv'd the 29th of the same Month but not before an Act had first pass'd for securing Abbey-Lands in the hands of the present Possessors and the Cardinal made Archbishop of Canterbury the March following In the Year 1557. the Queen to compliment her Husband proclaim'd a War against France and at the same time held Callice so unprovided that the Duke of Guise â—in revenge of the Loss of St. Quintin surpriz'd it and took it in a Week's time after it had been in the English possession 211 Years It was said that the Queen was with Child and a solemn Office appointed to be used in all Churches for her safe Delivery but it prov'd a Mola or false Conception of which shedied without Issue Novemb. 17. 1558. in the Thirty ninth Year of her Age and Sixth of her Reign And the same day died the said Cardinal Pool a younger Son of Sir Richard Pool Knight of the Garter by the Lady Elizabeth Countess of Salisbury Daughter of George Duke of Clarence Brother of King Edward IV. and left the Kingdom reconcil'd as hath been said Yet this hindred not but that XXIII The Lady Elizabeth Half Sister to Queen Mary by the Father a Protestant was proclaim'd Queen and Crown'd Jan. 25. following She rescinded whatever the Queen her Sister had done in matters of Religion and proceeded upon what her Brother King Edward VI. had begun Amongst the rest she suppress'd such Religious Houses as were a-new set up by Queen Mary as Sion Sheen Westminster c. This last Monastery was in the Year 1539. surrender'd to Henry VIII who erected thereof a Dean and Chapter and in 1542. rais'd it to a Bishoprick of which he made Thomas Thâ—â—â—bye the first Bishop who prov'd the last also for the Queen made it a College consisting of a Dean Twelve Prebends a Schoolmaster an Usher Forty Scholars Twelve Almsmen and named it the Collegiate Church of Westminster The Reformation of Edward VI. in England had by this time reach'd Scotland which the Queen Dowager by assistance of the French strongly oppos'd and many of the Scots Nobility on the other hand make suit to Queen Elizabeth under the Name of The Lords of the Congregation for her Aid against Popery and them which was readily granted and a considerable Army sent into Scotland 1560. where after various Fortune on either side and the death of the Queen Dowager of Scotland a Peace was concluded between Queen Elizazeth and Francis and Mary King and Queen of France and Scotland about July following immediately after which died the said Francis leaving his Crown to his younger Brother Charles and the said Mary Queen of Scotland Queen Dowager of France who though laid wait for to be intercepted took the opportunity of a Mist and got safely into Scotland 1562. from whence she sent Letters to Queen Elizabeth proffering all observance and readiness to enter into League with her so she might by Authority of Parliament be declar'd her Successor which was but her Right To which the Queen answer'd That though she would no way derogate from her Right yet she should be loth to endanger her own Security and as it were cover her Eyes with a Grave-Cloth while she was alive And here began the Jealousies of State between the two Queens the one doubting her Succession was intended to be frustrated and the other That her Possession might be invaded And yet they kept it so fair with each other that the Queen of Scots being in 1563. follicited by her Uncle the Cardinal of Lorrain to a Marriage with Charles Archduke of Austria with an Offer of the Arrears of her Dowry and a Restauration of the Scots to their former Liberties in France which by the death of her Uncle the Duke of Guise had been broken in case she would adhere to the French against whom the Queen of England had about that time assisted the Hugonots she gives her notice of it and requires her Advice in it Queen Elizabeth on the other hand persuades her to take a
further praying That she might have leave to unfold the Injuries she had receiv'd and answer the Crimes objected in her presence withal alledging It was but reasonable that the Queen should hear her and restore her to her Kingdom against those whom when they liv'd in exile for their Offences against her she had fully restor'd at the Queen's Intercession but to her own undoing if not prevented in time Lastly beseeching her That she might have admittance to her and assistance from her or depart out of the Kingdom with her leave to crave aid elsewhere forasmuch as she came into it of her own accord as relying upon her Love so often honourably promis'd by Letters Messages and Tokens Upon this the Queen commiserating her Condition could have found in her Heart to have restor'd her had the Council thought it stood with the Queen's security And therefore the Question was What should be done with her To detain her in England it was to be fear'd those that favour'd her Title to the Crown would leave nothing unattempted to set it on her Head And moreover the Trust of Keepers was very uncertain To send her for France the Guises her Kindred were too powerful and to return her into Scotland those that favour'd the English would be put from their Places the French advanc'd the young King expos'd to danger the Religion chang'd Ireland invaded by the Highlanders and Queen Elizabeth in hazard at home And therefore it was thought best to detain her 'till she had given satisfaction for usurping the Title and Arms of England and anser'd for the Death of the Lord Darnly a Native Subject of the Queen's Yet it had this effect That the Queen sent to Murray and his Confederates to come and answer the Queen of Scots's Complaints and give sufficient Reasons why they had depriv'd her or that she would restore her On which Murray with seven others came to York the Place appointed and were the same Day met by the Duke of Norfolk and two others Commissioners for Queen Elizabeth But the Queen of Scots disdaining to be heard by her Subjects or any thing less than the Queen her self nothing came of it but Words And Murray return'd to his Regency but riding through Lithquo was shot dead by a Hamilton 1569. In whose room was elected by the Lords of Scotland the before-mention'd Matthew Earl of Lenox the young King's Grandfather And now frequent applications having been made to Queen Elizabeth by the Ambassadours of France and Spain for the Delivery of the Queen of Scots but without effect she was Excommunicated by Pope Pius V. Feb. 24. the same Year which occasion'd her many Troubles and at last the death of the Queen of Scots who after an Eighteen Years imprisonment was arraign'd tried and sentenc'd by ' special Commission at Fotheringham-Castle for that pretending a Title to the Crown of England she was privy and consenting to several Treasons tending to the Invasion of England and the Hurt Death and Destruction of the Queen Octob. 25. 1586. And thereupon Infesto Regibus Exemplo as says her Epitaph securi percutitur Feb. 8. following and Forty sixth Year of her Age albeit the King of France and more particularly the King of Scots her Son and several others made strong Intercessions to have sav'd her However the Queen seems troubled at her Death and lays it to the Inconsiderateness of her Secretary Davyson and to that purpose sent a Letter in excuse of it written with her own Hand by Sir Robert Cary whom the King refus'd to set foot in Scotland and with much ado receiving his Letter re call'd his Ambassadour and breath'd nothing but Revenge And yet the Queen gave not over but sending him the Sentence of the Star Chamber against Davyson and an Instrument signed by all the Judges in which they averr That the Sentence against the Queen of Scott could in no wise prejudice his Right in the Succession it so mollified that he made a Vertue of Necessity and chose rather to wait with Patience thâ—n hazard all by an uncertain War with England And now come that Climacterical Year of the World as Astrologers call'd it to wit 1588 at what time there being an actual Treaty then on foot between the Crowns of England and Spain and Commissioners on both sides then sitting upon it near Ostend but made use of by the Prince of Parma only to trifle away time 'till the Spanish Armada came upon the English Coast Philip II. King of Spain makes an attempt upon England with 130 Ships whereof 72 were Galeasses and Galleons in which were 19290 Soldiers besides Mariners and Gally-Slaves to have been join'd by the Prince of Parma with 50000 Veterans But where ever lay the Miscarriage abroad every hand was so at work at home that enobling our Coasts with their mighty Spoils those few of them that escap'd return'd with more Confasion than they set forth with Expectation After which the King of Scots by her Ambassidour Sir Robert Sidney let the Queen know That he had over-pass'd all Injuries and desired a sincere and perfect Amity with her And as an instance of it not only married Anne Daughter of Frederick II. King of Denmark with the Queen 's good liking 1589. But when O Rork having rebell'd against her in Ireland was driven into Scotland he was upon the Queen's Request deliver'd back into Ireland 1590. Nor was there after that any Solemnity of an Embassie ever pass'd between them but as occasion offer'd it was constantly dispatch'd by a private Messenger 'till the day of her death which the Scots had a long time impatiently expected but believ'd never would be while there was an Old Woman alive in England tho' at last it came to pass March 24. 1602. in the 69th year of her Age and 45th of her Reign But never married XXIV § VIII To her succeeded James VI. Kiug of Scotland Grandchild of James IV. King of Scotland by Margaret eldest Daughter of Henry VII King of England who the Male Line being extinct had the indisputable Title to the Crowns of England and Ireland and was thereupon proclaim'd King of England Scotland and Ireland the same Day that the Queen died Of which he had first notice by an unsent Messenger the before-mention'd Sir Robert Cary whom upon his coming into England he some Years after made Baron Leppington And upon a more solemn Address from the Lords of the Council came for England and was together with his Queen Crown'd July 25. 1603. being St. James's Day A little before which there having been several Embassies made to Congratulate their Access to the Crown the King created a Standing Officer for the Reception and Introduction of Ambassadours by the Name of Master of the Ceremonies with the yearly Fee of 200 l. of whom the first was Sir Lewis Lakenor Nor had the King been scarce warm in his Throne when the Lord Cobham and others were arraign'd and convicted of High-Treason for a
Bishop of Osenburg born Nov. 10. 1629. a Prince no less renowned in the Camp than Church He succeeded his Brother John Frederick in Calenberg and caused the States of that Principality as well as Subjects solemnly to do him Homage Oct. 22. and 23. 1680. In 1658. he took to Wife the Lady Sophia Daughter of Frederick the Fifth Elector Palatine and King of Bohemia which most happy Match has given Birth to a noble Issue whose Names are as follow viz. 1. George Lewis Prince Hereditary born May 28. 1660. who has given signal Proofs of his Courage both in the French and Turkish Wars On Nov. 21. 1682. he solemnly married his Cousin-Germain Sophia Dorothy aforesaid who was brought to Bed Oct. 30. in the following Year of 1. George Augustus as also of 2. William Erneste in 1685. 2. Frederick August Captain of the Guards in the Imperial Army against the Turks born Octob. 3. 1661. 3. Maximilian William Captain General of the Guards in the Venetian Army against the aforesaid Infidels born Dec. 14. 1666. 4 Sophia Charlotte born Oct. 20. 1668. and married to his most Potent and Serene Highness Frederick the Third the now Elector of Bavaria 〈◊〉 5. Charles Philip born Oct. 13. 1669. 6. Christian Sept. 29. 1671. And 7. Ernest August Sept. 17. 1674. Of the Augmentation of This Family § XVI IT has been already observed how Otho Henry Leo's Grandson after the decease of his Ancestors prevailed with the Emperor Frederick the Second to create him Duke of Brunswick and Lunenburg An. 1235. See at large Henrici Meimbomii Hist Erectionis Ducatûs Brunsvicensis which is to be found in his Rerum Germanarum tom 3. pag. 203. Now there belonged to this Family at that time besides the Dutchy the Counties of Nordheim Lawenroden and Lutterberg with almost all Hercinia vulgarly called der Hark as also the Barony of Gottingen whereunto the City of Munde was added An. 1246. In 1255. Albert the Great made himself Master of Asseburg-Castle with all its Dependencies having beaten out the Barons then in Possession thereof as also of the Castle of Wolfembuttel by the same Methods having vanquished the ancient Lords of that Place To him likewise did the City Hamelen submit An. 1259. which till that time had belonged to the Abby of Fuld In 1305. there was an Accession of the Castle and District of Grubenhagen with all its Appurtenances and in 1311. upon putting down the Knights Templars it lay claim to the Town of Gittel In 1376. the County of Danneberg was bought by Otho the Fifth Duke of Brunswick of Nicholas last Count thereof The same Prince bought the Earldom of Wittenburg also An. 1320. Another Otho of this Family purchased the Town of Wallersleben An. 1337. and the Government of Bodenleich Ten Years after The same Prince possessed himself of the Town of Wittengen An. 1350. and of the Town and Castle of Hardeysen in 1380. In 1388. Bernhard the First took the Chatellany or Government of Klotze from the Barons of Quitzou He likewise subdued the Town and Castle of Snackenburg on the Elbe The same Prince by a Treaty with the Bishop of Hildesheim was put in Possession of the Praefecture and Castle of Burgdorff about the Year 1433. In 1435. William the Elder surnamed The Victorious annexed the County of Hallermund to his Family as a Fief void by the Death of the last Earl thereof Otho the Twelfth of Lunenburg had the County of Eberstein and Barony of Homburg in Dowry with his Wife William the Victorious purchased the County of Wunstorp for a certain Summ of Money An. 1646. The same Prince made himself Master of the Castle and Government of Hitzgar or Hitzacker An. Dom. 1468. William the Younger Duke of Brunswick Wolfembuttel bought Helmstadt of its Abbot in the Year 1490. In 1519. the County of Dasselen and many other Pieces of the Bishoprick of Hildesheim were annexed to this Family by right of Conquest In 1571. the Praefecture of Radolffshausen fell to Wolfgang Duke of Brunswick and Lunenburg upon the decease of Diderick the last Noble Baron de Plesse In 1582. the County of Hoye returned to this Family as held in Fee as did that of Diepholt with all its Dependancies in 1585. In 1592. the Castle and Government of Gumbse were made over to it by the Barons of that Name In 1593. upon the death of the last Earl of Hohenstein that County fell in as also what remained of the County of Lutterberg particularly St. Andres with the Government and Castle of Schartzfeldt In 1599. there was an Accession of the County of Blanckenburg Duke George of the Line of Hanouer seized on the whole Bishoprick of Hildesheim as well as City of that Name Moreover by the Treaty of Osenburg An. 1648. this Family obtained a Right of Alternate Succession to that Bishoprick By the same Treaty the Monastry of Walckenried with its Dependencies were yielded to it In 1671. their most Serene Highnesses the Dukes of Brunswick totally reduced that City to their Obedience Lastly by the Treaty of Nimeguen with the Swedes An. 1678. the Governments of Tedinghusen and Doweren were given up to this House Of its Decrease § XVII AS to what relates to the Decrease of this Family Otho the Seventh Mortgaged Eisfeld and Duderstadt to Adolph Arch-Bishop of Mentz By the Treaty of Osenburg the Dukes of Brunswick and Lunenburg were obliged to restore the Bishoprick of Hildesheim to its ancient State and Government By the same Pacification the Lordships of Klettenberg and Lohr which heretofore belonged to the County of Hohenstein were also surrendred to the Elector of Brandenburg as Fiefs of the Principality of Halberstadt Of its Pretensions § XVIII THis Family lays Claim to Eisfeld and Duderstadt as only Mortgaged to the Bishoprick of Mentz which it likewise extends to the County of Reinstein as a Dependant of the County of Blanckenburg Moreover the most Serene Dukes of Brunswick and Lunenburg have lately taken Possession viz. An. 1689. of the Dutchy of Sax-Lawenburg having a just Pretension thereunto CHAP. XI Of the Family of Hesse § I. THat the Landtgraves of Hesse owe their Original to the Ancient Kings of the Francks and more especially to Charlemaigne is generally agreed on by most Writers yet are they often at a loss in making out the Series of Succession This is certain that about the Year 1255. Sophia the last Heiress of Hesse and Thuringe was married to Henry the Second Duke of Brabant and that upon the Death of her Brother Herman the Second after several Contests and sharp Wars with the Marquesses of Misnia about the Succession she obtain'd Hesse for her young Son Henry the First whom therefore we shall here set down as common Father of the present Landtgraves He was surnamed The Hessian and died Ap. 8. 1308. being succeeded by his Son Otho the First who settled the Right of Succession by Primogeniture in this Family and departed this Life about the Year 1326.
and Charles the I. By W. Drummond The Faithful Register or The Debates in four several Parliaments viz. That at Westminster Octob. 21. 1680 that at Oxford March 21. 1680 and the two last Sessions of King James The Works of Cornelius Tacitus Made English by Mr. Dryden Sir Roger L'Estrange and other Gentlemen with the Political Reflections and Historical Notes of Monsieur Amelot and those of the Learn'd Sir Henry Savile In Three Volumes Modern Curiosities of Art and Nature extracted out of the Cabinets of the most eminent Personages of the French Court. By the Sieur Lemery The Compleat Chirurgeon or The whole Art of Chirurgery explain'd in a most familiar Method Written in French by M. le Clere Physician and Privy-councellor to the French King The Family-Physician and House-Apothecary By Gideon Harvey Physician to His Majesty The Third Edition revised and enlarged by the Author Memoirs of the Duke of Savoy during this War A Voyage in the Years 1695 1696 1697 on the Coasts of Africa c. by a Squadron of French Men of War Illustrated with Figures The Present State of England with Remarks upon the Ancient State thereof By Edward Chamberlain The 19th Edition with great Improvements Hennepin's New Discovery of a vast Country in America In two Parts Illustrated with Maps and Figures Dedicated to His Majesty King William Hobbs's Three Discourses viz. Of Humane Nature or The fundamental Elements of Policy De Corpore Politico or The Elements of Law Moral and Politick Of Liberty Necessity and Chance The Third Edition Valor Beneficiorum or A Valuation of all Ecclesiastical Preferments in England and Wales To which is added A Collection of Precedents in Ecclesiastical Matters Davenport's Abridgment of Cook on Littleton Advice to a Daughter By the Right Honourable the M. of H. The Fifth Edition corrected Idem in French Moral Maxims By the Duke of Rochefoncault Walsingham's Manual or Prudential Maxims of State for the States-man and the Courtier To which is now added Fragmenta Regalia or Observations on Queen Elizabeth her Times and Favours By Sir Robert Naunton Remembrances of Methods Orders and Proceedings used and observed in the House of Lords Extracted out of the Journals By Henry Scobel Esq Clark to the Parliament To which is added The Privile lges of the Barronage in and out of Parliament By John Selden Esq Memorials of the Method and Manner of Proceedings in Parliament in Passing Bills with the Orders of the House of Commons Gathered out of the Journal-books from the time of Edward VI. To which is added Arcana Parliamentaria with the Antiquity Power Order State Persons Manner and Proceedings in Parliament By Camden Selden Cotton c. Monarchy Asserted to be the Best most Ancient and Legal Form of Government in a Conference had at White-hall with Oliver Cromwell and a Committee of Parliament made good by the Arguments of Oliver Saint John Lord Chief Justice Lord Chief Justice Glyme Lord Whitlock Lord Lish Lord Frimes Lord Broghall the Master of the Rolls Sir Charles Woolsby Sir Richard Onslow Col. Jones The Art of Restoring Health explaining the Nature and Causes of Distempers and shewing that every Man is or may be his own best Physician By M. Flammand M. D. The Wisdom of the Ancients or The Apothegms of Plutarch Diogenes Laertius Aelian Stobaeus Macrobius Erasmus representing the Manners and Customs of the Greeks Romans and Lacedemonians By J. Bulteel Gent. The Second Edition Now in the Press The Compleat Gard'ner Or Directions for Cultivating and right Ordering of Fruit-gardens and Kitchen-gardens By the Famous Monsieur de la Quintinye chief Director of all the Gardens of the French King Is now at the Request of several of the Nobility and Gentry compendiously Abridg'd and made of more use with very considerable Improvements By George London and Henry Wise A Compleat Body of Chirurgical Operations Containing their Definitions and Causes from the Structures of the several Parts The Signs of the Diseases for which the Operations are made The Preparations for and the Manual Performance of each The Manner of Cure after every particular Operation Together with Remarks of the most skilful Practitioners upon each Case as also Instructions for Sea-Chirurgeons and all concerned in Midwifery The whole Illustrated with Copper-plates explaining the several Bandages and Instruments By Monsieur de la Vauguion M. D. and Intendant of the Royal Hospitals about Paris Done into English
Conspiracy to kill the King raise a Rebellion alter Religion subvert the State and procure an Invasion of which Sir Walter Raleigh a mortal Enemy to Spain and no Friend of the Scots was one and after a Fourteen Years reprieval by the means of the Spanish Lieger Gundomar had his Head taken off upon the former Judgment though there wanted not those that thought it was Jure Injuria And now came on the Business of Spain As King of Scotland the King was in Amity with Spain as King of England at War with it And therefore finding himself under that double Circumstance he first call'd in all Letters of Mart against the Spaniard and not long after concluded a Peace with them to the Confirmation of which Albertus and Isabella Archdukes of Austria were sworn And thus in Peace with all Christendom the King created his Second Son Charles Duke of Albany then Four Years old Duke of York Jan. 2. 1604. with the yearly Fee of 40 l. payable by the Sheriff of York out of the Issues c. of that County The Year following was discover'd the Gun-Powder Treason Plot which ended in the Attainder and Death of the Conspirators and was particularly congratulated by the King of Spain and Archdukes of Austria In the Year 1610. the King having had an Aid of his Subjects to make his Son a Knight created Prince Henry now Seventeen Years of Age Prince of Wales but he liv'd not long to enjoy it for during the Treaty of a Marriage between Frederick Prince Palatine of the Rhine with the Lady Elizabeth the King 's only Daughter he sell sick and died Novemb. 6. 1612. However the Marriage took effect and was consummated on St. Valentine's Day following And Prince Charles created Prince of Wales 1615. But hear the time the King had created his Son Henry Prince of Wales he created a new Patent-Honour of descendible Knighthood by the Name of Knights Baronets The occasion thus In the beginning of the King's Reign Charles Lord Montjoy Lord Deputy of Ireland return'd for England and brought over with him Hugh O Neal Earl of Tyrone who Queen Elizabeth yet living had submitted himself to the Queen's Mercy and whom the King pardon'd and made proclamation That he should be treated with Respect and Honour And yet in 1609. he goes off into Ireland and with Tyrconnel and others gets beyond-Sea and sollicites a new Assistance from foreign Princes but having left several forfeited Lands behind them in the Counties of Colerain Tyrone and Donegal the King comes to Articles with the City of London for the planting and building the same Which being accepted the King by his Charter 1611. erects the Ville of Derry into a City and the Town of Colerain into a Mayor-Town and together with the said forfeited Lands consolidates the whole into one County by the Name of the County of London-Derry And having by the same Charter created a Body Politick of Twenty four Persons Twelve of them to be annually elected out of the Twelve First Companies of London for the Government of the same by the Name of The Society of the Governour and Assistants London of the New Plantation of Ulster in the Realm of Ireland grants the said City Town County and forfeited Lands to the said Society and their Successors in perpetuity under the yearly Rent of 205 l. And now to give Countenance to it and put 200000 l. in his Pocket without being beholden to his Subjects he erected this new Honour and for him his Heirs and Successors covenanted with each of them respectively That they and the Heirs Males of their Body should take Place next the youngest Sons of Barons That by way of augmentation to their own Arms they should bear a part of O Neal's Arms viz. in a Canton or Escutcheon Argent a hand Dextre couped Gules And lastly stinted their Number to Two hundred Persons whose Issue as they chanc'd to fail should not be supplied with new Persons but the Order to run out In which last Clause yet the King covenanted for himself only and left out his Heirs and Successors tho' if the printed Lists be true Himself made Two hundred and One. In consideration of which each of them was to maintain Thirty Foot-Soldiers in Ireland for Three Years after the rate of Eight-pence a Day and for the payment of the Monies strike a Tally in the Exchequer for 1000 l. The King also some time after erected a like Order of Baronets of Nova Scotia who instead of the said Hand dextre couped should wear an Orange-colour'd Ribbon athwart their Shoulders as Knights of the Bath their Red Ribbon with a Medal on which the Arms of Scotland were enamell'd and a Pear-Pearl at the end of it with this Motto Faxment is honestae Gloria But whether besides the advantage of another Plantation he got as much by the one as he did by the other does not appear Though this may be said of both All Parties were well satisfied Nor happen'd there during this time any thing much remarkable saving the breaking one Favourites Neck to make way for another the placing and displacing of Great Officers the frequent Creations of Nobility which though it added to their Number may perhaps be thought to have taken from their Grandeur and the Death of Queen Anne which happen'd March 2. 1619. The Palsgrave Frederick thus strengthen'd with the Alliance of England was in the Year 1621. elected King of Bohemia Nor was he sooner invested in the Crown than the Imperial Bann issued against him which was so seconded with a longer Sword that having lost the Battel of Prague and with it his New Crown and his own Patrimony of the Upper and Lower Palatinate he was forc ' to retire into Holland On this King James though he never could be brought to own his Son-in-Law as a King had that care of his Daughter that he sent an Embassie to the Emperour to sollicite the Restitution of the Palatinate which returning without success he consults Gundomar what to do in the matter who advises him to make a Marriage with the Prince his Son and the Infanta of Spain Which said he would be easily effected if the Prince might have leave to make a Journey into Spain Which was accordingly done and the Prince receiv'd with all the Kindness and Magnificence imaginable Where having been spun out for eight Months together to no purpose contrary to the Expectation of most Men he return'd safe into England Whereupon the King taking new measures it was first resolv'd to recover the Palatinate by Arms in which the Parliament promised him a liberal Assistance and next to provide the Prince a Wife elsewhere For which purpose an Embassie was sent into France to treat of a Marriage with Henrietta Maria younger Daughter of King Henry IV. and Sister of Lewis XIII King of France which took effect but was not consummated 'till after the Death of King James which happen'd March 27. 1625. in the